FASB’s standards on financial instruments, and on fair value measurements and disclosures, require public business entities to disclose in their financial statement footnotes the estimated fair values of financial instruments. In addition to disclosure requirements, FASB’s standard on investments requires that our debt securities that are classified as available for sale and any equity securities which have readily determinable fair values be measured and reported at fair value in our statement of financial position. Certain individually identified loans are also reported at fair value, as explained in greater detail below, and foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. FASB’s standard on financial instruments permits companies to report certain other financial assets and liabilities at fair value, but the Company has not elected the fair value option for any of those financial instruments.

Fair value measurement and disclosure standards also establish a framework for measuring fair values. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Further, the standards establish a fair value hierarchy that encourages an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and limit the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair values. The standards describe three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market data and information about the financial instruments. Fair value disclosures for deposits include demand deposits, which are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. Fair value calculations for loans reflect exit pricing, and incorporate our assumptions with regard to the impact of prepayments on future cash flows and credit quality adjustments based on risk characteristics of various financial instruments, among other things. Since the estimates are subjective and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment they cannot be determined with precision, and changes in assumptions could significantly alter the fair values presented.

Estimated fair values for the Company’s financial instruments are as follows, as of the dates noted:

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

(dollars in thousands, unaudited)


		September 30, 2022
			Fair Value Measurements
	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total

Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	86,683	$	86,683	$	—	$	—	$	86,683
Investment securities available-for-sale		1,069,434		—		1,015,098		54,336		1,069,434
Investment securities held-to-maturity		156,211		—		138,684		—		138,684
Loans and leases, net held for investment		1,972,649		—		—		1,958,479		1,958,479
Collateral dependent loans		23,577		—		23,577		—		23,577

Financial liabilities:
Deposits		2,885,468		1,118,245		1,764,225		—		2,882,470
Repurchase agreements		112,012		—		112,012		—		112,012
Short term borrowings		103,100		—		103,100		—		103,100
Long-term debt		49,196		—		43,247		—		43,247
Subordinated debentures		35,436		—		35,251		—		35,251


		December 31, 2021
			Fair Value Measurements
	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total

Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	257,528	$	257,528	$	—	$	—	$	257,528
Investment securities available for sale		973,314		—		750,077		223,237		973,314
Loans and leases, net held for investment		1,973,207		—		—		1,960,966		1,960,966
Collateral dependent loans		398		—		221		177		398

Financial liabilities:
Deposits		2,781,572		1,084,544		1,696,124		—		2,780,668
Repurchase agreements		106,937		—		106,937		—		106,937
Short term borrowings		49,141		—		49,118		—		49,118
Subordinated debentures		35,302		—		33,281		—		33,281

For financial asset categories that were carried on our balance sheet at fair value as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company used the following methods and significant assumptions:

●

Investment securities: Fair values are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges or by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities by relying on their relationship to other benchmark quoted securities.

●

Collateral-dependent loans: Collateral-dependent loans are carried at fair value when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the original loan agreement and the loan has been written down to the fair value of its underlying collateral, net of expected disposition costs where applicable.

●

Foreclosed assets: Repossessed real estate (known as other real estate owned, or “OREO”) and other foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Fair value is the appraised value less expected disposition costs for OREO; fair values for any other foreclosed assets are represented by estimated sales proceeds as determined using reasonably available sources. Foreclosed assets for which appraisals can be feasibly obtained are periodically measured for impairment using updated appraisals. Fair values for other foreclosed assets are adjusted as necessary, subsequent to a periodic reevaluation of expected cash flows and the timing of resolution. If impairment is determined to exist, the book value of a foreclosed asset is immediately written down to its estimated impaired value through the income statement, thus the carrying amount is equal to the fair value and there is no valuation allowance.

Assets reported at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

Fair Value Measurements – Recurring

(dollars in thousands, unaudited)



	Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2022, using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Realized Gain/(Loss) (Level 3)
Securities:
U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	3,955	$	—	$	3,955	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities		—		191,022		—		191,022		—
State and political subdivisions		—		320,729		—		320,729		—
Corporate bonds		—		—		54,336		54,336		—
Collateralized loan obligations		—		499,392		—		499,392		—
Total available-for-sale securities	$	—	$	1,015,098	$	54,336	$	1,069,434	$	—


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021, using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Realized Gain/(Loss) (Level 3)
Securities:
U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	1,574	$	—	$	1,574	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities		—		306,727		—		306,727		—
State and political subdivisions		—		304,268		—		304,268		—
Corporate bonds		—		999		27,530		28,529		—
Collateralized loan obligations		—		136,509		195,707		332,216		—
Total available-for-sale securities	$	—	$	750,077	$	223,237	$	973,314	$	—


Fair Value Measurements - Level 3 Recurring
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)
	Collateralized Loan Obligations				Corporate Bonds
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Balance of recurring Level 3 assets at January 1,	$	195,707	$	—	$	27,530	$	—
Purchases		—		—		26,806		—
Transfers out of Level 3		(195,707)		—		—		—
Balance of recurring Level 3 assets at September 30,	$	—	$	—	$	54,336	$	—

All of the Company’s collateralized loan obligations with a fair value of $195.7 million as of January 1, 2022 were transferred from Level 3 to Level 2 during the first quarter of 2022 because observable market data became available due to a significant increase in trading volume for these securities during that time.

Assets reported at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are summarized below:

Fair Value Measurements – Nonrecurring

(dollars in thousands, unaudited)


	Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2022, using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Collateral dependent loans
Real estate:
1-4 family residential construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other construction/land		—		—		—		—
1-4 family - closed-end		—		—		—		—
Equity lines		—		—		—		—
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied		—		—		—		—
Farmland		—		17,655		—		17,655
Total real estate		—		17,655		—		17,655
Agricultural		—		5,922		—		5,922
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—
Consumer loans		—		—		—		—
Total collateral dependent loans	$	—	$	23,577	$	—	$	23,577
Foreclosed assets	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total assets measured on a nonrecurring basis	$	—	$	23,577	$	—	$	23,577


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021, using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Collateral dependent loans
Real estate:
1-4 family residential construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other construction/land		—		—		—		—
1-4 family - closed-end		—		—		—		—
Equity lines		—		161		—		161
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		60		—		60
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied		—		—		—		—
Farmland		—		—		—		—
Total real estate		—		221		—		221
Agricultural		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		—		—		177		177
Consumer loans		—		—		—		—
Total collateral dependent loans	$	—	$	221	$	177	$	398
Foreclosed assets	$	—	$	93	$	—	$	93
Total assets measured on a nonrecurring basis	$	—	$	314	$	177	$	491

The table above includes collateral-dependent loan balances for which a specific reserve has been established or on which a write-down has been taken. Information on the Company’s total collateral dependent loan balances and specific loss reserves associated with those balances is included in Note 10 below.

The unobservable inputs are based on Management’s best estimates of appropriate discounts in arriving at fair market value. Adjusting any of those inputs could result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. For example, an increase or decrease in actual loss rates would create a directionally opposite change in the fair value of unsecured individually identified loans.