EX-99.1 2 erf-20171231ex991bda4ca.htm EX-99.1 erf_Current folio_Ex99-1

 

Exhibit 99.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Picture 2

 

 

 

 

ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM

 

 

For the year ended December 31, 2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

February 23, 2018

 

 

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTSPage

 

 

 

 

GLOSSARY OF TERMS 

1

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVERSIONS 

2

PRESENTATION OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES, CONTINGENT RESOURCES, AND PRODUCTION INFORMATION 

4

Note To Reader Regarding Oil And Gas Information, Definitions And National Instrument 51-101 

4

Disclosure Of Reserves And Production Information 

4

Barrels Of Oil And Cubic Feet Of Gas Equivalent 

5

Interests In Reserves, Contingent Resources, Production, Wells And Properties 

5

Reserves Categories And Levels Of Certainty For Reported Reserves 

5

Development And Production Status 

6

Description Of Price And Cost Assumptions 

6

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

6

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INFORMATION 

6

CORPORATE STRUCTURE 

9

Enerplus Corporation 

9

Material Subsidiaries 

9

Organizational Structure 

9

GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS 

10

Developments in the past three years 

10

BUSINESS OF THE CORPORATION 

11

Overview 

11

Summary Of Principal Production Locations 

11

Capital Expenditures And Costs Incurred 

12

Exploration And Development Activities 

13

Oil And Natural Gas Wells And Unproved Properties 

13

Description Of Properties 

14

Quarterly Production History 

16

Quarterly Netback History 

17

Tax Horizon 

18

Marketing Arrangements And Forward Contracts 

18

OIL AND NATURAL GAS RESERVES 

20

Summary Of Reserves 

20

Forecast Prices And Costs 

23

Undiscounted Future Net Revenue By Reserves Category 

23

Net Present Value Of Future Net Revenue By Reserves Category And Product Type 

24

Estimated Production For Gross Reserves Estimates 

25

Future Development Costs 

26

Reconciliation Of Reserves 

26

Undeveloped Reserves 

28

Significant Factors Or Uncertainties 

29

Proved And Probable Reserves Not On Production 

29

SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONAL INFORMATION 

30

Safety And Social Responsibility 

30

Insurance 

32

Personnel 

32

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE 

33

Common Shares 

33

Preferred Shares 

33

Shareholder Rights Plan 

33

Senior Unsecured Notes 

34

Bank Credit Facility 

34

DIVIDENDS 

35

Dividend Policy And History 

35

Stock Dividend Program 

35

INDUSTRY CONDITIONS 

36

Overview 

36

Pricing And Marketing Of Crude Oil And Natural Gas 

36

i


 

 

 

Royalties And Incentives 

37

Land Tenure 

37

Environmental Regulation 

38

Worker Safety 

41

RISK FACTORS 

42

MARKET FOR SECURITIES 

54

DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS 

55

Directors Of The Corporation 

55

Officers Of The Corporation 

56

Common Share Ownership 

56

Conflicts Of Interest 

56

Audit & Risk Management Committee Disclosure 

57

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND REGULATORY ACTIONS 

57

INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS 

57

MATERIAL CONTRACTS AND DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE RIGHTS OF SECURITYHOLDERS 

57

INTERESTS OF EXPERTS 

58

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR 

58

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

58

APPENDIX A – CONTINGENT RESOURCES INFORMATION 

A-1

APPENDIX B – REPORT ON RESERVES DATA AND CONTINGENT RESOURCES DATA BY INDEPENDENT QUALIFIED RESERVES EVALUATOR OR AUDITOR 

B-1

APPENDIX C – REPORT OF MANAGEMENT AND DIRECTORS ON OIL AND GAS DISCLOSURE 

C-1

APPENDIX D – AUDIT & RISK MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE DISCLOSURE PURSUANT TO NATIONAL INSTRUMENT 52 110 

D-1

 

 

 

 

 

ii


 

 

Glossary of Terms

 

Unless the context otherwise requires, in this Annual Information Form the following terms and abbreviations have the meanings set forth below. Additional terms relating to oil and natural gas reserves, resources and operations have the meanings set forth under "Presentation of Oil and Gas Reserves, Contingent Resources, and Production Information" in this Annual Information Form and under “Note to Reader Regarding Disclosure of Contingent Resources Information” in Appendix A. All references to “Annual Information Form” include this Annual Information Form of the Corporation dated February 23, 2018 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and all appendices hereto.

 

"ABCA" means the Business Corporations Act (Alberta), as amended

 

"AECO" means the physical storage and trading hub for natural gas on the TransCanada Alberta Transmission System (NOVA) which is the delivery point for the various benchmark Alberta index prices

 

"Bank Credit Facility" means, as at December 31, 2017, the Corporation's $800 million unsecured, covenant‑based revolving credit facility with a syndicate of financial institutions. See “Description of Capital Structure – Bank Credit Facility” and "Material Contracts and Documents Affecting the Rights of Securityholders"

 

"COGE Handbook" means the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook prepared jointly by the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (Calgary Chapter) Canada and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (Petroleum Society), as amended from time to time

 

"Common Shares" means the common shares in the capital of the Corporation

 

"Conversion" means the conversion of Enerplus' business from an income trust structure (with the parent entity being the Fund) to a corporate structure (with the parent entity being the Corporation) effective January 1, 2011 by way of a plan of arrangement under the ABCA, pursuant to which, among other things, the former trust units of the Fund, each of which represented an equal undivided beneficial interest in the Fund, were exchanged on a one‑for‑one basis for Common Shares 

 

"Corporation" means Enerplus Corporation, a corporation amalgamated under the ABCA, and, where the context requires, its subsidiaries, taken as a whole

 

"Credit Facilities" means, collectively, the Bank Credit Facility and the Senior Unsecured Notes. See "Material Contracts and Documents Affecting the Rights of Securityholders"

 

"CSA Notice 51‑324" means Canadian Securities Administrators Staff Notice 51‑324 (Revised) – Glossary to NI 51‑101 Standards of Disclosure for Oil and Gas Activities, issued by the Canadian securities regulatory authorities

 

"Enerplus" means (i) on and after January 1, 2011, the Corporation and, where the context requires, its subsidiaries, taken, and (ii) prior to January 1, 2011, the Fund and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole

 

"Enerplus USA" means Enerplus Resources (USA) Corporation, a corporation organized under the laws of Delaware and a wholly‑owned subsidiary of the Corporation

 

Financial Statements” means audited consolidated financial statements of the Corporation as at December 31, 2017 and 2016 and for three years ended December 2017, 2016  and 2015

 

"Fund" means Enerplus Resources Fund, formerly a trust formed pursuant to the laws of Alberta that was dissolved on January 1, 2011 in connection with the Conversion, and which was the predecessor issuer to the Corporation 

 

"IFRS" means International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, as amended from time to time

 

"McDaniel" means McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd., independent petroleum consultants

 

"McDaniel Reports" means, collectively, the independent engineering evaluations of the Corporation's oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas reserves in Canada and the Corporation's oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas reserves in the United States prepared by McDaniel effective December 31, 2017, utilizing commodity price forecasts and inflation rates of McDaniel as of January 1, 2018

 

"MD&A" means management's discussion and analysis for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    1


 

"NI 51‑101" means National Instrument 51‑ 101 – Standards of Disclosure for Oil and Gas Activities, adopted by the Canadian securities regulatory authorities

 

"NSAI" means Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc., independent petroleum consultants

 

"NSAI Report" means the independent engineering evaluation of the Corporation's shale gas reserves and contingent resources in the Marcellus properties prepared by NSAI effective December 31, 2017, utilizing commodity price forecasts and inflation rates of McDaniel (for internal consistency in the Corporation's reserves reporting) as of January 1, 2018

 

"NYSE" means the New York Stock Exchange

 

"SEC" means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission

 

"Senior Unsecured Notes" means, as at December 31, 2017, the US$511 million principal amount and CDN$30 million principal amount of outstanding senior unsecured notes issued by Enerplus. See "Description of Capital Structure – Senior Unsecured Notes" and "Material Contracts and Documents Affecting the Rights of Securityholders"

 

"Shareholder Rights Plan" means the amended and restated shareholder rights plan agreement between the Corporation and Computershare Trust Company of Canada, as rights agent, dated as of May 6, 2016. See “Description of Capital Structure – Shareholder Rights Plan” and "Material Contracts and Documents Affecting the Rights of Securityholders"

 

"Tax Act" means the Income Tax Act (Canada), R.S.C. 1985, c.1 (5th Supp.), as amended, including the regulations promulgated thereunder, as amended from time to time

 

"TSX" means the Toronto Stock Exchange

 

"U.S. GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States

 

 

Abbreviations and Conversions

 

In this Annual Information Form, the following abbreviations have the meanings set forth below:

 

 

 

 

API

    

American Petroleum Institute gravity, a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water

bbls

 

barrels, with each barrel representing 34.972 imperial gallons or 42 U.S. gallons

bbls/day

 

barrels per day

Bcf

 

one billion cubic feet

BcfGE(1)

 

one billion cubic feet of natural gas equivalent

BOE(1)

 

barrels of oil equivalent

BOE/day

 

barrels of oil equivalent per day

GJ

 

gigajoule; equal to one thousand million joules

Mbbls

 

one thousand barrels

MBOE(1)

 

one thousand barrels of oil equivalent

Mcf

 

one thousand cubic feet

Mcf/day

 

one thousand cubic feet per day

MMBOE(1)

 

one million barrels of oil equivalent

MMbtu

 

one million British Thermal Units

MMcf

 

one million cubic feet

Mt

 

one million tonnes

NAFTA

 

North American Free Trade Agreement

NGLs

 

natural gas liquids

NPV

 

net present value of future net revenue, discounted at 10%

NYMEX

 

the New York Mercantile Exchange

WTI

 

West Texas Intermediate crude oil that serves as the benchmark crude oil for the NYMEX crude oil contract delivered in Cushing, Oklahoma

 

Note: 

(1) The Corporation has adopted the standard of 6 Mcf of natural gas:  1 bbl of oil when converting natural gas to BOEs, MBOEs and MMBOEs, and 1 bbl of oil and NGLs:    6 Mcf of natural gas when converting oil and NGLs to BcfGEs. For further information, see "Presentation of Oil and Gas Reserves, Contingent Resources, and Production Information – Barrels of Oil and Cubic Feet of Gas Equivalent".

 

2    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

In this Annual Information Form, unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts are in Canadian dollars and all references to "$" and "CDN$" are to Canadian dollars. References to "US$" are to U.S. dollars. On December 29, 2017, the exchange rate for one U.S. dollar, expressed in Canadian dollars and based upon the closing rate of the Bank of Canada, was CDN$1.2571.

 

The following table sets forth certain standard conversions between Standard Imperial Units and the International System of Units (or metric units).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

 

    

Multiply

To Convert From

 

To

 

By

Mcf

 

cubic metres

 

28.174

cubic metres

 

cubic feet

 

35.494

bbls

 

cubic metres

 

0.159

cubic metres

 

bbls

 

6.293

feet

 

metres

 

0.305

metres

 

feet

 

3.281

miles

 

kilometres

 

1.609

kilometres

 

miles

 

0.621

acres

 

hectares

 

0.4047

hectares

 

acres

 

2.471

 

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    3


 

Presentation of Oil and Gas Reserves, Contingent Resources, and Production Information

 

NOTE TO READER REGARDING OIL AND GAS INFORMATION, DEFINITIONS AND NATIONAL INSTRUMENT 51‑101

 

The oil and gas reserves and operational information of the Corporation contained in this Annual Information Form contains the information required to be included in the Statement of Reserves Data and Other Oil and Gas Information pursuant to NI 51‑101 adopted by the Canadian securities regulatory authorities. Readers should also refer to the Report on Reserves Data and Contingent Resources Data by McDaniel and NSAI attached as Appendix B and the Report of Management and Directors on Oil and Gas Disclosure attached hereto as Appendix C. The effective date for the Statement of Reserves Data and Contingent Resources and Other Oil and Gas Information contained in this Annual Information Form is December 31, 2017 and the preparation dates for such information are February 7, 2018 for the McDaniel Reports and February 12, 2018 for the NSAI Report.

 

Certain of the following definitions and guidelines are contained in the Glossary to NI 51‑101 contained in CSA Notice 51‑324, which incorporates certain definitions from the COGE Handbook. Readers should consult CSA Notice 51‑324 and the COGE Handbook for additional explanation and guidance.

 

For information regarding contingent resources of the Corporation and its presentation, see Appendix A.

 

DISCLOSURE OF RESERVES AND PRODUCTION INFORMATION 

 

Presentation of Information

 

In this Annual Information Form, all oil and natural gas production and realized product prices information is presented on a "company interest" basis (as defined below), unless expressly indicated that it is being presented on a "gross" or "net" basis. "Company interest" means, in relation to the Corporation's interest in production, its working interest (operating or non‑operating) share before deduction of royalties, plus the Corporation's royalty interests in production. "Company interest" is not a term defined or recognized under NI 51‑101 and does not have a standardized meaning under NI 51‑101. Therefore, the "company interest" production of the Corporation may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers, and investors are cautioned that "company interest" production should not be construed as an alternative to "gross" or "net" production calculated in accordance with NI 51‑101.

 

In this Annual Information Form, all crude oil and natural gas information includes tight oil and shale gas, respectively, unless expressly indicated that it is being presented on a separate basis. The Corporation's actual oil and natural gas reserves and future production may be greater than or less than the estimates provided in this Annual Information Form. The estimated future net revenue from the production of such oil and natural gas reserves does not represent the fair market value of such reserves. See "Oil and Natural Gas Reserves – Summary of Reserves" for additional information. 

 

Notice to U.S. Readers

 

Data on oil and natural gas reserves contained in this Annual Information Form has generally been prepared in accordance with Canadian disclosure standards, which are not comparable in all respects to United States or other foreign disclosure standards. For example, although the SEC now generally permits oil and gas issuers, in their filings with the SEC, to disclose both proved reserves and probable reserves (each as defined in the SEC rules), the SEC definitions of proved reserves and probable reserves may differ from the definitions of "proved reserves" and "probable reserves" under Canadian securities laws. In addition, under Canadian disclosure requirements and industry practice, reserves and production are reported using gross (or, as noted above with respect to production information, "company interest") volumes, which are volumes prior to deduction of applicable royalties and similar payments. The practice in the United States is to report reserves and production using net volumes, after deduction of applicable royalties and similar payments, plus royalty interests. Moreover, in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements, the Corporation has determined and disclosed estimated future net revenue from its reserves using forecast prices and costs, whereas the SEC generally requires that reserves estimates be prepared using an unweighted average of the closing prices for the applicable commodity on the first day of each of the twelve months preceding the Corporation's fiscal year‑end, with the option of also disclosing reserves estimates based upon future or other prices. As a consequence of the foregoing, the Corporation's reserves estimates and production volumes may not be comparable to those made by companies utilizing United States reporting and disclosure standards. Additionally, the SEC prohibits disclosure of oil and gas resources in SEC filings, including contingent resources, whereas Canadian securities regulatory authorities allow disclosure of oil and gas resources. Resources are different than, and should not be construed as, reserves. For a description of the definition of, and the risks and uncertainties surrounding the disclosure of, contingent resources, see "Note to Reader Regarding Disclosure of Contingent Resources Information" in Appendix A.

 

4    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

BARRELS OF OIL AND CUBIC FEET OF GAS EQUIVALENT

 

The Corporation has adopted the standard of 6 Mcf of natural gas: 1 bbl of oil when converting natural gas to BOEs, MBOEs and MMBOEs, and 1 bbl of oil and NGLs: 6 Mcf of natural gas when converting oil and NGLs to BcfGEs. BOEs, MBOEs, MMBOEs, and BcfGEs may be misleading, particularly if used in isolation. The foregoing conversion ratios are based on an energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable at the burner tip and do not represent a value equivalency at the wellhead. Given that the value ratio based on the current price of crude oil as compared to natural gas is significantly different from the energy equivalency of 6:1, utilizing a conversion on a 6:1 basis may be misleading as an indication of value.

 

INTERESTS IN RESERVES, CONTINGENT RESOURCES, PRODUCTION, WELLS AND PROPERTIES

 

In addition to the terms having defined meanings set forth in CSA Notice 51‑324, the terms set forth below have the following meanings when used in this Annual Information Form:

 

"gross" means:

 

(i)

in relation to the Corporation's interest in production, reserves or contingent resources, its working interest (operating or non‑operating) share before deduction of royalties and without including any royalty interests of the Corporation

 

(ii)

in relation to wells, the total number of wells in which the Corporation has an interest

 

(iii)

in relation to properties, the total area in which the Corporation has an interest

 

"net" means:

 

(i)

in relation to the Corporation's interest in production, reserves or contingent resources, its working interest (operating or non‑operating) share after deduction of royalty obligations, plus the Corporation's royalty interests in production or reserves

 

(ii)

in relation to the Corporation's interest in wells, the number of wells obtained by aggregating the Corporation's working interest in each of its gross wells

 

(iii)

in relation to the Corporation's interest in a property, the total area in which the Corporation has an interest multiplied by the working interest owned by the Corporation

 

"working interest" means the percentage of undivided interest held by the Corporation in the oil and/or natural gas or mineral lease granted by the mineral owner (Crown or freehold), which interest gives the Corporation the right to "work" the property (lease) to explore for, develop, produce and market the leased substances.

 

RESERVES CATEGORIES AND LEVELS OF CERTAINTY FOR REPORTED RESERVES 

 

In this Annual Information Form, the following terms have the meaning assigned thereto in CSA Notice 51‑324 and the COGE Handbook:

 

"reserves" are estimated remaining quantities of oil and natural gas and related substances anticipated to be recoverable from known accumulations, as of a given date, based on:  analysis of drilling, geological, geophysical and engineering data; the use of established technology; and specified economic conditions, which are generally accepted as being reasonable, and shall be disclosed. Reserves may be divided into proved and probable categories according to the degree of certainty associated with the estimates.

 

"proved reserves" are those reserves that can be estimated with a high degree of certainty to be recoverable. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the estimated proved reserves.

 

"probable reserves" are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.

 

The qualitative certainty levels referred to in the definitions above are applicable to individual reserves entities (which refers to the lowest level at which reserves calculations are performed) and to reported reserves (which refers to the highest‑level sum of individual entity estimates for which reserves estimates are presented). Reported reserves should target the following levels of certainty under a specific set of economic conditions:

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    5


 

·

at least a 90% probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the estimated proved reserves; and

 

·

at least a 50% probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.

 

DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION STATUS 

 

Each of the reserves categories reported by the Corporation (proved and probable) may be divided into developed and undeveloped categories:

 

"developed reserves" are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from existing wells and installed facilities or, if facilities have not been installed, that would involve a low expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) to put the reserves on production. The developed category may be subdivided into producing and non‑producing.

 

·

"developed producing reserves" are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from completion intervals open at the time of the estimate. These reserves may be currently producing or, if shut‑in, they must have previously been on production, and the date of resumption of production must be known with reasonable certainty.

 

·

"developed non‑producing reserves" are those reserves that either have not been on production, or have previously been on production, but are shut‑in, and the date of resumption of production is unknown.

 

"undeveloped reserves" are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) is required to render them capable of production. They must fully meet the requirements of the reserves classification (proved or probable) to which they are assigned.

 

DESCRIPTION OF PRICE AND COST ASSUMPTIONS

 

"Forecast prices and costs" means future prices and costs that are:

 

(i)

generally accepted as being a reasonable outlook of the future

 

(ii)

if, and only to the extent that, there are fixed or presently determinable future prices or costs to which the Corporation is legally bound by a contractual or other obligation to supply a physical product, including those for an extension period of a contract that is likely to be extended, those prices or costs rather than the prices or costs referred to in paragraph (i)

 

Presentation of Financial Information

 

The Corporation presents its financial information in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The Corporation continues to qualify as a foreign private issuer for its U.S. securities filings as less than 50% of the book value of its assets is in the United States, as calculated under U.S. GAAP as at June 30, 2017. The Corporation is required to reassess this annually, at the end of the second quarter. See "Risk Factors – Government regulations and required regulatory approvals and compliance may adversely impact the Corporation's operations and result in increased operating and capital costs".

 

 

Forward‑Looking Statements and Information

 

This Annual Information Form contains certain forward‑looking statements and forward‑looking information (collectively, "forward‑looking information") within the meaning of applicable securities laws which are based on the Corporation's current internal expectations, estimates, projections, assumptions, and beliefs. The use of any of the words "anticipate", "continue", "estimate", "expect", "may", "will", "project", "plan", "intend", "guidance", "objective", "strategy", "should", "believe" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward‑looking statements and forward‑looking information. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated in such forward‑looking information. The Corporation believes the expectations reflected in such forward‑looking information are reasonable but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct, and such forward‑looking information included in this Annual Information Form should not be unduly relied upon. Such forward‑looking information speaks only as of the date of this Annual Information Form and the Corporation does not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward‑looking information, except as required by applicable laws.

 

In particular, this Annual Information Form contains forward‑looking information pertaining to the following:

6    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

 

·

the quantity of, and future net revenues from, the Corporation's reserves and/or contingent resources

 

·

crude oil, NGLs and natural gas production levels

 

·

commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates

 

·

operating expenditures

 

·

current capital expenditure programs, drilling programs, development plans and other future expenditures, including the planned allocation of capital expenditures among the Corporation's properties and the sources of funding for such expenditures

 

·

supply and demand for oil, NGLs and natural gas

 

·

the Corporation's business strategy, including its asset and operational focus

 

·

future acquisitions and divestments and future growth potential

 

·

expectations regarding the Corporation's ability to raise capital and to continually add to reserves and/or resources through acquisitions and development

 

·

schedules for and timing of certain projects and the Corporation's strategy for growth

 

·

the Corporation's future operating and financial results

 

·

the Corporation's tax pools and the time at which the Corporation may incur certain income or other taxes

 

·

treatment of, and compliance by the Corporation with, governmental and other regulatory regimes and tax, environmental and other laws and expectations

 

·

future dividends that may be paid by the Corporation

 

The forward‑looking information contained in this Annual Information Form reflects several material factors and expectations and assumptions made by the Corporation including, without limitation, that: the Corporation's current commodity price and other cost assumptions will generally be accurate; the Corporation will have sufficient cash flow, debt or equity sources or other financial resources required to fund its capital and operating expenditures and requirements as needed; the Corporation's conduct and results of operations will be consistent with its expectations; the Corporation and its industry partners will have the ability to develop the Corporation's oil and gas properties in the manner currently contemplated; a lack of infrastructure does not result in the Corporation curtailing its production and/or receiving reductions to its realized prices; current or, where applicable, proposed assumed industry conditions, laws and regulations will continue in effect or as anticipated as described herein; the estimates of the Corporation's reserves and resources volumes and the assumptions related thereto (including commodity prices and development costs) are accurate in all material respects; and there will be sufficient availability of services and labour to conduct the Corporation's operations as planned.

 

The Corporation’s current 2018 capital expenditure budget contained in this Annual Information Form assumes:  WTI price of US$50.00/bbl, NYMEX gas price of US$3.00/Mcf and a foreign exchange rate of USD/CDN 1.28.

 

The Corporation believes the material factors, expectations and assumptions reflected in the forward‑looking information are reasonable at this time but no assurance can be given that these factors, expectations and assumptions will prove to be correct.

 

The Corporation's actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in this forward‑looking information as a result of both known and unknown risks, including the risk factors set forth under "Risk Factors" in this Annual Information Form and risks relating to:

 

·

volatility, including a decline, in market prices for oil, NGLs and natural gas, including changes in supply or demand for those products

 

·

actions by governmental or regulatory authorities, including different interpretations of applicable laws, treaties or administrative positions, as well as changes in income tax laws or changes in royalty regimes and incentive programs relating to the oil and gas industry

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    7


 

·

unanticipated operating results, including changes or fluctuations in oil, NGLs and natural gas production levels

 

·

changes in foreign currency exchange rates, including Canadian currency compared to U.S., and its impact on the Corporation’s operations and financial condition

 

·

changes in interest rates

 

·

changes in development plans by the Corporation or third-party operators

 

·

the ability of the Corporation to comply with debt covenants under the Credit Facilities

 

·

the ability of the Corporation to access required capital

 

·

changes in capital and other expenditure requirements and debt service requirements

 

·

liabilities and unexpected events inherent in oil and gas operations, including geological, technical, drilling and processing risks, as well as unforeseen title defects or litigation

 

·

actions of and reliance on industry partners

 

·

uncertainties associated with estimating reserves and resources

 

·

competition for, among other things, capital, acquisitions of reserves and resources, undeveloped lands, access to third party processing capacity, and skilled personnel

 

·

incorrect assessments of the value of acquisitions or divestments, or the failure to complete divestments

 

·

constraints on, or the unavailability of, adequate infrastructure, including pipeline and other transportation capacity, to deliver the Corporation's production to market

 

·

the Corporation's success at the acquisition, exploitation and development of reserves and resources

 

·

changes in general economic, market (including credit market) and business conditions in North America and worldwide

 

·

changes in tax, environmental, regulatory, or other legislation applicable to the Corporation and its operations, and the Corporation's ability to comply with current and future environmental legislation and regulations and other laws and regulations,  including those impacting financial institutions that could limit commodity market liquidity

 

Many of these risk factors and other specific risks and uncertainties are discussed in further detail throughout this Annual Information Form and in the Corporation's MD&A, which are available on the internet under the Corporation's SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com,  the Corporation's EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov as part of the annual report on Form 40‑F filed with the SEC (together with this Annual Information Form), and on the Corporation's website at www.enerplus.com. Readers are also referred to the risk factors described in this Annual Information Form under "Risk Factors" and in other documents the Corporation files from time to time with securities regulatory authorities. Copies of these documents are available without charge from the Corporation or electronically on the internet on the Corporation's SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com, on the Corporation's EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov and on the Corporation's website at www.enerplus.com.

 

8    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

Corporate Structure

 

ENERPLUS CORPORATION

 

The Corporation was incorporated on August 12, 2010 under the ABCA for the purposes of participating in the Conversion under which the business of the Fund, as the Corporation's predecessor, was transitioned to the Corporation. As part of the plan of arrangement under the ABCA pursuant to which the Conversion was effected, the Corporation was amalgamated with several other former direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Fund on January 1, 2011 and continued as the Corporation. Prior to the Conversion, the business of the Corporation was carried on by the Fund and its subsidiaries as an income trust since 1986.

 

Effective May 11, 2012, the Corporation amended and restated its articles of amalgamation in connection with the implementation of a stock dividend program. See "Description of Capital Structure – Common Shares" and "Dividends – Stock Dividend Program". 

 

The head, principal and registered office of the Corporation is located at The Dome Tower, 3000, 333 ‑ 7th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2P 2Z1. The Corporation also has a U.S. office located at Suite 2200, 950 ‑ 17th Street, Denver, Colorado, 80202‑2805. The Common Shares are currently traded on the TSX and the NYSE under the symbol "ERF".

 

MATERIAL SUBSIDIARIES

 

As of December 31, 2017, Enerplus USA was the only material subsidiary of Enerplus Corporation. All of the issued and outstanding securities of Enerplus USA are owned by the Corporation.

 

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

 

The simplified organizational structure of Enerplus Corporation and its material subsidiary as of December 31, 2017 is set forth below.

Picture 1

 

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    9


 

General Development of the Business

 

DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PAST THREE YEARS

 

Developments in 2015

 

SALE OF ASSETS

 

In 2015, the Corporation realized proceeds of approximately $286.6 million from divestment activities involving certain of the Corporation's assets. These divestments included approximately 6,200 BOE/day of production, in aggregate, from non-core shallow gas assets and Pembina waterflood assets in Canada, as well as certain non-operated North Dakota assets and operated Marcellus assets in the United States. The proceeds from the Corporation's divestment activities were used to fund the Corporation's capital program as well as the principal instalments due on its Senior Unsecured Notes.

 

SUCCESSION OF SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT & CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

 

Ms. Jodine J. Jenson Labrie succeeded Mr. Robert J. Waters as the Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer effective September 15, 2015. Prior thereto, Ms. Jenson Labrie held the position of Vice President, Finance of the Corporation. See "Directors and Officers".

 

Developments in 2016

 

SENIOR NOTES REPURCHASE

 

The Corporation repurchased a total of US$267 million aggregate principal amount of the Senior Unsecured Notes between 90% of par and par during the first half of 2016, resulting in a gain of $19.3 million being recorded for the year. The repurchases were funded through asset divestment proceeds and the Bank Credit Facility.

 

FINANCING

 

On May 31, 2016, the Corporation completed a bought-deal offering of 33,350,000 Common Shares (including 4,300,000 Common Shares issued pursuant to the exercise in full of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters), at $6.90 per Common Share, for total proceeds of $230,115,000. The net proceeds from the offering were used by the Corporation to reduce indebtedness under the Bank Credit Facility, to fund its capital expenditures and for general corporate purposes.

 

SALE OF ASSETS

 

In 2016, the Corporation realized proceeds of approximately $670 million from the divestment of certain of its non-strategic crude oil and natural gas assets. These divestments included approximately 13,500 BOE/day of production, in aggregate, from crude oil and natural gas assets in Canada, as well as certain non-operated North Dakota assets in the United States. The proceeds from the Corporation's divestment activities were used to fund the Corporation's capital program, repurchase a portion of its Senior Unsecured Notes, as described above, and to reduce amounts outstanding under the Bank Credit Facility.

 

Developments in 2017

 

SALE OF ASSETS

 

In 2017, the Corporation realized proceeds of approximately $56 million, as well as a reduction in its asset retirement obligations of $72 million on a discounted basis (see Note 8 to the Financial Statements), from the divestment of certain of its crude oil and natural gas assets in Canada. These divestments included associated production of approximately 7,700 BOE/day, in aggregate,  and reduced the Corporation’s well count by 3,200 wells.  The proceeds from the Corporation's divestment activities were used to repay amounts outstanding on its Credit Facilities and general corporate purposes.

 

CHANGES TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

Mr. David Barr will be retiring from the board of directors (the “board”) effective May 3, 2018. Mr. Barr has served on the Corporation’s board since 2011. Mr. Jeffrey Sheets was appointed to the board effective December 7, 2017. Mr. Sheets is the retired Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer of Conoco Philips Company, a position he held from October 2010 to February 2016.

 

10    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

Business of the Corporation 

 

OVERVIEW

 

The Corporation's oil and natural gas property interests are located in the United States, primarily in North Dakota, Montana, Colorado and Pennsylvania, as well as in western Canada in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia and Saskatchewan. Capital spending on these assets in 2017 totaled $458 million with over 82% of this focused on the Corporation’s crude oil assets in North Dakota and waterflood projects in Canada.

 

In the United States, capital spending on the Bakken and Three Forks core assets in North Dakota totaled approximately $322 million during 2017. In Canada, capital spending of about $55 million in 2017 was directed to its crude oil waterflood implementation at Ante Creek, along with waterflood optimization activities for the Corporation’s other waterflood assets. Capital spending on the Corporation’s natural gas interests in northeast Pennsylvania was $59 million. Canadian conventional crude oil and natural gas assets received a minimal amount of maintenance capital during 2017. 

 

In 2017,  the Corporation continued to concentrate its portfolio, divesting of certain crude oil and natural gas assets in Canada for total proceeds of $56 million, after closing adjustments. These divestments reduced the Corporation’s well count by approximately 3,200 wells and reduced its asset retirement obligations by $72 million on a discounted basis (see Note 8 to the Financial Statements). These assets had associated production of about 7,700 BOE/day (66% natural gas).

 

The Corporation's major producing properties generally have related field facilities and infrastructure to accommodate its production. Production volumes for the year ended December 31, 2017 from the Corporation's properties consisted of 48% crude oil and NGLs and 52% natural gas, on a BOE basis. The Corporation's 2017 average daily production was 84,711 BOE/day, comprised of 36,935 bbls/day of crude oil, 3,858 bbls/day of NGLs and 263,506 Mcf/day of natural gas, a decrease of about 9% compared to 2016 average daily production of 93,125 BOE/day, comprised of 38,353 bbls/day of crude oil, 4,903 bbls/day of NGLs and 299,214 Mcf/day of natural gas. The decrease in average daily production in 2017 compared to 2016 is largely attributable to the divestment of certain crude oil and natural gas assets in Canada and the United States. The Corporation’s 2017 production in the United States was 77% of its total production, with the remaining 23% from Canada. Approximately 57% of the Corporation’s 2017 production was operated by the Corporation, with the remainder operated by industry partners.

 

As at December 31, 2017, the oil and natural gas property interests held by the Corporation were estimated to contain total proved plus probable gross reserves of approximately 11.6 MMbbls of light and medium crude oil, 30.2 MMbbls of heavy crude oil, 149.2 MMbbls of tight oil, 20.8 MMbbls of NGLs, 77.3 Bcf of conventional natural gas and 1,036.8 Bcf of shale gas, for a total of 397.4 MMBOE. The Corporation's proved reserves represented approximately 70% of total proved plus probable reserves, with approximately 53% of the Corporation's proved plus probable reserves weighted to crude oil and NGLs. See "Oil and Natural Gas Reserves".

 

Unless otherwise noted: (i) all production and operational information in this Annual Information Form is presented as at or, where applicable, for the year ended, December 31, 2017, (ii) all production information represents the Corporation's company interest in production from these properties, which includes overriding royalty interests of the Corporation but is calculated before deduction of royalty interests owned by others, and (iii) all references to reserves volumes represent gross reserves using forecast prices and costs. See "Presentation of Oil and Gas Reserves, Contingent Resources, and Production Information".

 

SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL PRODUCTION LOCATIONS 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2017, on a BOE basis, 77% of the Corporation's production was derived from the United States (39% from Pennsylvania, 33% from North Dakota, and 5% from Montana) and 23% from Canada (16% from Alberta, 5% from Saskatchewan and 2% from British Columbia). The following table describes the average daily production from the Corporation's principal producing properties and regions during the year ended December 31, 2017.

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    11


 

 

2017 Average Daily Production from Principal Properties and Regions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Products

 

 

 

 

Crude Oil

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conventional

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Natural

 

Shale

 

 

Property/Region

 

Medium

 

Heavy

 

Tight

 

NGLs

 

Gas

 

Gas

 

Total

 

 

(bbls/day)

 

(bbls/day)

 

(bbls/day)

 

(bbls/day)

 

(Mcf/day)

 

(Mcf/day)

 

(BOE/day)

United States

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marcellus, Pennsylvania

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

198,026

 

33,004

Fort Berthold, North Dakota

 

 -

 

 -

 

23,160

 

2,659

 

 -

 

12,673

 

27,931

Sleeping Giant, Montana

 

 -

 

 -

 

2,882

 

 1

 

 -

 

6,555

 

3,975

Other U.S.

 

 -

 

 -

 

114

 

 5

 

 -

 

24

 

124

Total United States

 

 -

 

 -

 

26,156

 

2,665

 

 -

 

217,278

 

65,034

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Medicine Hat Glauconitic "C" East Unit, Alberta

 

 -

 

2,974

 

 -

 

 -

 

281

 

 -

 

3,021

Freda Lake, Saskatchewan

 

3,018

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

3,018

Tommy Lakes, British Columbia

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

204

 

11,550

 

 -

 

2,127

Ante Creek, Alberta

 

908

 

 -

 

 -

 

101

 

6,703

 

 -

 

2,126

Giltedge, Alberta

 

 -

 

1,550

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

1,550

Brooks, Alberta(1)

 

 -

 

683

 

 -

 

10

 

1,439

 

 -

 

933

Cadogan, Alberta

 

 -

 

715

 

 -

 

11

 

193

 

 -

 

758

Pine Creek, Alberta

 

 1

 

 -

 

 -

 

122

 

3,133

 

 -

 

645

Willesden North, Alberta

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

174

 

1,859

 

 -

 

484

Ferrier, Alberta

 

20

 

 -

 

 -

 

92

 

1,849

 

 -

 

420

Other Canada(2)

 

760

 

150

 

 -

 

479

 

18,735

 

486

 

4,595

Total Canada

 

4,707

 

6,072

 

 -

 

1,193

 

45,742

 

486

 

19,677

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

4,707

 

6,072

 

26,156

 

3,858

 

45,742

 

217,764

 

84,711

Notes:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1) Sold May 1, 2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(2) A portion of which were sold during 2017, the largest being Shackleton and Joarcam. Sold assets had total associated production of ~7,700 BOE/day.

 

For additional information on the Corporation's oil and natural gas properties, see "Description of Properties".

 

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES AND COSTS INCURRED

 

The Corporation invested $458 million in its capital program during 2017,  with 87% directed to oil-related projects. This increase of 120% compared to 2016 spending of $209 million was due to improved commodity prices. Capital investment during 2017 was focused on the Corporation’s U.S. North Dakota Bakken crude oil property, where it invested approximately $322 million, its U.S. Marcellus assets with investment of about $59 million, as well as in its Canadian waterflood properties where it invested approximately $55 million. The remaining capital of $22 million was spent on crude oil properties in Sleeping Giant and extensive core logging and delineation activity in Colorado.

 

In the financial year ended December 31, 2017, the Corporation made the following expenditures in the categories noted, as prescribed by NI 51‑101:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property Acquisition

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Costs

 

Exploration

 

Development

 

    

Proved

    

Unproved

    

Costs

    

Costs

 

 

($ in millions)

United States

 

$

 -

 

$

8.6

 

$

0.6

 

$

400.9

Canada

 

 

 -

 

 

4.7

 

 

2.1

 

 

54.4

Total

 

$

 -

 

$

13.3

 

$

2.7

 

$

455.3

 

Based on a  budgeted commodity price of US$50 per barrel for crude oil and US$3.00 NYMEX for natural gas,  the Corporation expects its 2018 exploration and development capital spending to be $535 million to $585 million, with about  85% of this spending projected to be invested in the Corporation's U.S. and Canadian crude oil projects. The Corporation currently expects to invest 75% of its planned 2018 capital spending on its Fort Berthold property in the United States, 5% 

12    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

in the DJ Basin of Colorado and 10% on its Canadian oil assets. In addition, the Corporation intends to spend approximately 10% of its 2018 capital on its Marcellus properties in the northeast region of Pennsylvania.

 

The Corporation intends to finance its 2018 capital expenditure program with cash and internally generated cash flow. The Corporation will review its 2018 capital investment plans throughout the year in the context of prevailing economic conditions, commodity prices and potential acquisitions and divestments, making adjustments as it deems necessary. See “Forward-Looking Statements and Information”. 

 

For further information regarding the Corporation's properties and its 2017 exploration and development activities see "Description of Properties" below.

 

EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES

 

The following table summarizes the number and type of wells that the Corporation drilled or participated in the drilling of for the year ended December 31, 2017, in each of Canada and the United States. Wells have been classified in accordance with the definitions of such terms in NI 51‑101.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United States

 

Canada

 

 

 

Development Wells

 

Exploratory Wells

 

Development Wells

 

Exploratory Wells

Category of Well

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

Crude oil wells

 

42

 

 28

 

 -

 

 -

 

 7

 

 6

 

 -

 

 -

Natural gas wells

 

51

 

 8

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Service wells

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 4

 

 4

 

 -

 

 -

Dry and abandoned wells

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Total

 

93

 

 36

 

 -

 

 -

 

11

 

10

 

 -

 

 -

 

For a description of the Corporation’s 2018 development plans and the anticipated sources of funding these plans, see "Capital Expenditures and Costs Incurred", above.

 

OIL AND NATURAL GAS WELLS AND UNPROVED PROPERTIES

 

The following table summarizes, at December 31, 2017, the Corporation's interests in producing wells and in non‑producing wells which were not producing but which may be capable of production, along with the Corporation's interests in unproved properties (as defined in NI 51‑101). Although many wells produce both oil and natural gas, a well is categorized as an oil well or a natural gas well based upon the proportion of oil or natural gas production that constitutes the majority of production from that well.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Producing Wells

 

Non-Producing Wells

 

Unproved Properties

 

 

Oil

 

Natural Gas

 

Oil

 

Natural Gas

 

(acres)

 

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

United States

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Colorado(1)

 

 1

 

 1

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

38,783

 

34,835

Montana

 

242

 

163

 

 -

 

 -

 

21

 

19

 

 -

 

 -

 

-

 

-

North Dakota

 

203

 

163

 

 -

 

 -

 

11

 

 8

 

 -

 

 -

 

-

 

-

Pennsylvania

 

 -

 

 -

 

796

 

87

 

 -

 

 -

 

75

 

 8

 

34,379

 

9,688

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alberta

 

633

 

249

 

388

 

103

 

407

 

109

 

184

 

58

 

196,800

 

141,400

Saskatchewan

 

723

 

100

 

68

 

19

 

222

 

30

 

354

 

335

 

51,900

 

45,800

British Columbia

 

 -

 

 -

 

161

 

147

 

 -

 

 -

 

12

 

 7

 

28,600

 

23,700

Total

 

1,802

 

675

 

1,413

 

356

 

661

 

166

 

625

 

407

 

350,462

 

255,423

 

The Corporation expects its rights to explore, develop and exploit on approximately 54,900 net acres of unproved properties in Canada to expire, in the ordinary course, prior to December 31, 2018.  The Corporation has no material work commitments on such properties and, where the Corporation determines appropriate, it can extend expiring leases by either making the necessary applications to extend or performing the necessary work.

 

For any properties with no reserves or on unproved lands, the Corporation does not have any significant abandonment and reclamation costs, unusually high expected development costs or operating costs, or contractual obligations to produce and sell a significant portion of production at prices substantially below those which could be realized but for those contractual obligations. Operating expenditures and abandonment and reclamation costs for all properties with no reserves or on unproved lands are included in the Corporation’s MD&A and asset retirement disclosures in the Financial Statements.

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    13


 

DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES

 

Outlined below is a description of the Corporation's U.S. and Canadian crude oil and natural gas properties and assets.

 

For additional information on contingent resources associated with certain of the Corporation’s United States and Canadian crude oil and natural gas properties, including estimated volumes of economic contingent resources, see “Appendix A – Contingent Resources Information”.

 

U.S. Crude Oil Properties

 

OVERVIEW

 

The Corporation’s primary U.S. crude oil properties are located in the Fort Berthold region of North Dakota, the DJ Basin in Colorado and in Richland County, Montana. The Corporation has about 65,600 net acres of land in Fort Berthold, primarily in Dunn and McKenzie counties and, on a production basis, operates approximately 98% of its Fort Berthold asset. The Corporation’s Fort Berthold property produces a light sweet crude oil (42° API), with some associated natural gas and NGLs, from both the Bakken and Three Forks formations. Fort Berthold production averaged 27,931 BOE/day in 2017. 

 

Approximately 42.2 MMBOE of proved plus probable reserves were added at Fort Berthold during 2017, including technical revisions.  After adjusting for 2017 production of 10.2 MMBOE, total proved plus probable reserves associated with this property as at December 31, 2017 were 170.6 MMBOE, 23%  higher than at December 31, 2016.

 

The Corporation also has working interests in Sleeping Giant, a mature, light oil property located in the Elm Coulee field in Richland County, Montana. Sleeping Giant produced approximately 3,975 BOE/day on average from the Bakken formation in 2017.  

 

Overall, the Corporation's U.S. Williston Basin crude oil properties produced an average of approximately 31,906 BOE/day in 2017, down 3% from 2016 due to the non-operated North Dakota divestment that closed December 30, 2016. On a BOE basis, this represents 78% of the Corporation’s crude oil and NGLs production, and 38% of the Corporation's 2017 average daily production.

 

The Corporation spent $343 million on its U.S. crude oil assets in 2017, with approximately $322 million of that spending directed to its operated and non-operated assets in North Dakota where the Corporation continued to test and optimize its well completions design. During 2017, the Corporation drilled 27.0 net horizontal wells in the Fort Berthold region, targeting both the Bakken and Three Forks formations (consisting of 1.9 short lateral wells and 25.1 long lateral wells) with 31.1 net wells brought on-stream. At the end of 2017, the Corporation had 7.0 net drilled uncompleted wells.

 

Capital investment in the Corporation’s 35,105 net acres (held through leasing and farm-ins) in the DJ Basin of Colorado was $15 million in 2017 and focused on extensive core logging, permitting for future wells, and the drilling and completion of its first well. Fourth quarter 2017 production was approximately 300 BOE/day, or 124 BOE/day on an annual average basis. Additional delineation is planned for 2018 with average well costs expected to be in the range of US$6 million to US$7.5 million.

 

The Corporation had 186.8 MMBOE of proved plus probable reserves associated with its U.S. crude oil assets at December 31, 2017, representing approximately 47% of its total proved plus probable reserves.

 

U.S. Natural Gas Properties

 

OVERVIEW

 

The Corporation's U.S. natural gas properties consist entirely of its non‑operated Marcellus shale gas interests located in northeastern Pennsylvania, where the Corporation holds an interest in about  36,200 net acres. The Corporation's Marcellus shale gas production averaged 198,026 Mcf/day in 2017, representing approximately 75% of the Corporation's total natural gas production. Regional demand growth during 2017 helped alleviate the impact of infrastructure constraints during the year. However, for both the Corporation and other producers in northeast Pennsylvania, production was curtailed at times due to low regional spot pricing. See "Risk Factors – Lack of adequately developed infrastructure, and the impact of special interest groups on such development, may result in a decline in the Corporation's ability to market oil and natural gas production".

 

In 2017, approximately $59 million was invested in the Corporation's Marcellus interests. The Corporation participated in the drilling of a total of 8.2 net wells, and a total of 7.2 net wells were brought on-stream. The Corporation currently has 86.9 net producing wells in the Marcellus, and 4.6 net wells waiting on completion or tie‑in.

 

14    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

Proved plus probable Marcellus shale gas reserves were 917.7 Bcf as at December 31, 2017, an increase of 23.1 Bcf from 2016, and represented approximately 38% of the Corporation's total proved plus probable reserves.

 

The Corporation has entered into long‑term agreements for the gathering, dehydration, processing, compression and transportation of the Corporation's share of production from its Marcellus properties. These agreements are intended to provide the Corporation with cost certainty and access to the northeastern United States and broader U.S. natural gas markets through connections with major interstate pipelines. 

 

Canadian Crude Oil Properties

 

OVERVIEW

 

Production from the Corporation’s Canadian crude oil properties comes primarily from mature, low decline assets under waterflood and EOR techniques. Primary waterfloods inject water into the formation using injection wells to supplement reservoir pressure and provide a drive mechanism to move additional oil to producing wells. Pressure maintenance and the production of oil from water injection can result in a more predictable production profile and more stable declines, as well as higher recovery of reserves. Infill drilling, well injection optimization and EOR techniques are effective methods of improving recovery of reserves even further. These properties have associated crude oil production facilities for emulsion treatment and injection or water disposal.

 

The Canadian waterflood assets provide a stable production base with free cash flow to support the Corporation’s investment in growth plays, as well as its dividend. Total Canadian crude oil properties production was 12,945 BOE/day, on average, during 2017, or 32% of the Corporation’s total crude oil and NGLs production. Capital investment in the Canadian crude oil properties was focused on its waterflood assets, including sourcing water for injection and optimizing facilities for increased water injection at Ante Creek, Alberta. In addition, capital was spent on drilling activity in the Corporation’s Cadogan waterflood asset in Alberta and in southeast Saskatchewan. On a production basis, the Corporation operated approximately 95% of its Canadian crude oil properties.

 

In 2017, the Corporation invested approximately $55 million in its Canadian crude oil properties, which was directed to drilling,  completions, waterflood optimization and advancement, along with facility enhancements to support future activities. The Corporation brought 6.0 net crude oil wells on-stream from its Canadian waterflood portfolio during 2017, advancing projects targeting the Mannville formation in Cadogan and the Ratcliffe formation in southeast Saskatchewan.  

 

The Corporation divested of Canadian crude oil properties with associated production of approximately 3,400 BOE/day (30% natural gas) during 2017 for proceeds of $56 million, net of closing adjustments.

 

Effectively all of the 44.8 MMBOE of proved plus probable reserves associated with the Corporation’s Canadian crude oil properties at December 31, 2017 are associated with the Canadian crude oil waterflood properties. 

 

Canadian Natural Gas Properties

 

OVERVIEW

 

The Corporation's Canadian natural gas properties are located in Alberta,  Saskatchewan and British Columbia. During 2017, the Corporation focused on divesting non-strategic assets within its Canadian natural gas portfolio. The Corporation was successful in divesting the majority of its Shackleton shallow natural gas asset, which was one of its larger Canadian natural gas assets, on a production and well count basis.

 

Production from the Corporation's Canadian natural gas properties averaged 40,458 Mcf/day in 2017. The Corporation's largest producing Canadian natural gas property in 2017 was Tommy Lakes, British Columbia.

 

The Corporation spent a minimal amount of capital on its Canadian natural gas assets during 2017. The Corporation spent about $7.8 million on abandonment and reclamation activities on these assets in 2017.

 

Canadian natural gas properties proved plus probable reserves totaled 77.7 BcfGE as at December 31, 2017. Canadian natural gas proved plus probable reserves represent approximately 3% of the Corporation's total proved plus probable reserves, measured on a BOE basis, at December 31, 2017.

 

During 2017, the Corporation divested of assets with associated production of 4,300 BOE/day (94% natural gas). The Corporation received minimal proceeds in respect of these divestments, but was able to reduce its asset retirement obligation by approximately $61 million on a discounted basis (see Note 8 to the Financial Statements).

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    15


 

QUARTERLY PRODUCTION HISTORY

 

The following table sets forth the Corporation's average daily production volumes, on a company interest basis, by product type, for each fiscal quarter in 2017 and for the entire year, separately for production in Canada and the United States, and in total.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2017

 

 

    

First

    

Second

    

Third

    

Fourth

    

 

Country and Product Type

 

Quarter

 

Quarter

 

Quarter

 

Quarter

 

Annual

United States

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and medium oil (bbls/day)

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Heavy oil (bbls/day)

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Tight oil (bbls/day)

 

20,271

 

26,008

 

25,321

 

32,896

 

26,156

Total crude oil (bbls/day)

 

20,271

 

26,008

 

25,321

 

32,896

 

26,156

Natural gas liquids (bbls/day)

 

1,753

 

2,934

 

2,706

 

3,250

 

2,665

Total liquids (bbls/day)

 

22,024

 

28,942

 

28,027

 

36,146

 

28,821

Conventional natural gas (Mcf/day)

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Shale gas (Mcf/day)

 

223,065

 

224,563

 

208,348

 

213,342

 

217,278

Total United States (BOE/day)

 

59,201

 

66,369

 

62,752

 

71,703

 

65,034

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and medium oil (bbls/day)

 

4,925

 

5,041

 

4,603

 

4,267

 

4,707

Heavy oil (bbls/day)

 

7,982

 

5,812

 

5,321

 

5,211

 

6,072

Tight oil (bbls/day)

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Total crude oil (bbls/day)

 

12,907

 

10,853

 

9,924

 

9,478

 

10,779

Natural gas liquids (bbls/day)

 

1,405

 

1,199

 

975

 

1,198

 

1,193

Total liquids (bbls/day)

 

14,312

 

12,052

 

10,899

 

10,676

 

11,972

Conventional natural gas (Mcf/day)

 

67,989

 

46,208

 

32,451

 

36,807

 

45,742

Shale gas (Mcf/day)

 

553

 

521

 

413

 

458

 

486

Total Canada (BOE/day)

 

25,736

 

19,840

 

16,376

 

16,887

 

19,677

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light and medium oil (bbls/day)

 

4,925

 

5,041

 

4,603

 

4,267

 

4,707

Heavy oil (bbls/day)

 

7,982

 

5,812

 

5,321

 

5,211

 

6,072

Tight oil (bbls/day)

 

20,271

 

26,008

 

25,321

 

32,896

 

26,156

Total crude oil (bbls/day)

 

33,178

 

36,861

 

35,245

 

42,374

 

36,935

Natural gas liquids (bbls/day)

 

3,158

 

4,133

 

3,681

 

4,448

 

3,858

Total liquids (bbls/day)

 

36,336

 

40,994

 

38,926

 

46,822

 

40,793

Conventional natural gas (Mcf/day)

 

67,989

 

46,208

 

32,451

 

36,807

 

45,742

Shale gas (Mcf/day)

 

223,618

 

225,084

 

208,761

 

213,800

 

217,764

Total (BOE/day)

 

84,937

 

86,209

 

79,128

 

88,590

 

84,711

 

 

16    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

QUARTERLY NETBACK HISTORY

 

The following tables set forth the Corporation's average netbacks received for each fiscal quarter in 2017 and for the entire year, separately for production in Canada and the United States. Netbacks are calculated on the basis of prices received, which are net of transportation costs but before the effects of commodity derivative instruments, less related royalties and production costs. For multiple product wells, production costs are entirely attributed to that well's principal product type. As a result, no production costs are attributed to the Corporation's NGLs production as those costs have been attributed to the applicable wells' principal product type.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2017

 

    

First

    

Second

    

Third

    

Fourth

    

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil ($ per bbl)

 

 Quarter

 

 Quarter

 

 Quarter

 

 Quarter

 

Annual

Canada

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sales price(1)

 

$

55.97

 

$

53.74

 

$

50.53

 

$

61.46

 

$

55.29

Transportation

 

 

(1.08)

 

 

(1.01)

 

 

(1.99)

 

 

(2.25)

 

 

(1.55)

Royalties(2)

 

 

(12.55)

 

 

(17.24)

 

 

(10.85)

 

 

(24.32)

 

 

(16.07)

Production costs(3)

 

 

(13.67)

 

 

(15.84)

 

 

(16.07)

 

 

(9.90)

 

 

(13.98)

Netback

 

$

28.67

 

$

19.65

 

$

21.62

 

$

24.99

 

$

23.69

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2017

 

 

First

 

Second

 

Third

 

Fourth

 

 

Heavy Oil ($ per bbl)

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Annual

Canada

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sales price(1)

 

$

49.02

 

$

47.60

 

$

47.09

 

$

53.44

 

$

49.21

Transportation

 

 

(1.91)

 

 

(1.76)

 

 

(1.62)

 

 

(1.61)

 

 

(1.74)

Royalties(2)

 

 

(8.96)

 

 

(9.82)

 

 

(8.96)

 

 

(10.06)

 

 

(9.41)

Production costs(3)

 

 

(12.14)

 

 

(15.54)

 

 

(11.19)

 

 

(17.73)

 

 

(13.95)

Netback

 

$

26.01

 

$

20.48

 

$

25.32

 

$

24.04

 

$

24.11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2017

 

 

First

 

Second

 

Third

 

Fourth

 

 

Tight Oil ($ per bbl)

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Annual

United States

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sales price(1)

 

$

61.26

 

$

57.83

 

$

56.38

 

$

68.46

 

$

61.50

Transportation

 

 

(3.26)

 

 

(2.64)

 

 

(2.50)

 

 

(1.90)

 

 

(2.49)

Royalties(2)

 

 

(16.83)

 

 

(16.65)

 

 

(15.78)

 

 

(19.30)

 

 

(17.31)

Production costs(3)

 

 

(12.41)

 

 

(10.58)

 

 

(12.73)

 

 

(10.84)

 

 

(11.54)

Netback

 

$

28.76

 

$

27.96

 

$

25.37

 

$

36.42

 

$

30.16

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2017

 

 

First

 

Second

 

Third

 

Fourth

 

 

Natural Gas Liquids ($ per bbl)

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Annual

United States

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sales price(1)

 

$

38.30

 

$

20.14

 

$

23.69

 

$

27.91

 

$

26.38

Transportation

 

 

(7.65)

 

 

(6.72)

 

 

(5.87)

 

 

(2.07)

 

 

(5.22)

Royalties(2)

 

 

(6.29)

 

 

(2.52)

 

 

(3.28)

 

 

(5.16)

 

 

(4.14)

Production costs(3)

 

 

 -

 

 

 -

 

 

 -

 

 

 -

 

 

 -

Netback

 

$

24.36

 

$

10.90

 

$

14.54

 

$

20.68

 

$

17.02

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

                

 

              

 

               

 

               

 

 

 

Sales price(1)

 

$

37.10

 

$

37.35

 

$

33.24

 

$

44.07

 

$

38.13

Transportation

 

 

(0.77)

 

 

(1.20)

 

 

(2.03)

 

 

(1.13)

 

 

(1.22)

Royalties(2)

 

 

(7.63)

 

 

(7.67)

 

 

(7.43)

 

 

(9.24)

 

 

(8.01)

Production costs(3)

 

 

 -

 

 

 -

 

 

 -

 

 

 -

 

 

 -

Netback

 

$

28.70

 

$

28.48

 

$

23.78

 

$

33.70

 

$

28.90

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    17


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2017

 

 

First

 

Second

 

Third

 

Fourth

 

 

Conventional Natural Gas ($ per Mcf)

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Annual

Canada

 

                

 

               

 

               

 

                

 

 

 

Sales price(1)

 

$

3.64

 

$

3.59

 

$

2.51

 

$

3.03

 

$

3.30

Transportation

 

 

(0.40)

 

 

(0.37)

 

 

(0.36)

 

 

(0.31)

 

 

(0.37)

Royalties(2)

 

 

 —

 

 

(0.27)

 

 

(0.12)

 

 

0.25

 

 

(0.03)

Production costs(3)

 

 

(1.93)

 

 

(0.81)

 

 

(1.85)

 

 

(1.63)

 

 

(1.58)

Netback

 

$

1.31

 

$

2.14

 

$

0.18

 

$

1.34

 

$

1.32

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2017

 

 

First

 

Second

 

Third

 

Fourth

 

 

Shale Gas ($ per Mcf)

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Quarter

    

Annual

United States

 

                

 

               

 

               

 

                

 

 

 

Sales price(1)

 

$

3.62

 

$

3.46

 

$

2.59

 

$

3.04

 

$

3.19

Transportation

 

 

(0.90)

 

 

(0.89)

 

 

(0.84)

 

 

(0.86)

 

 

(0.87)

Royalties(2)

 

 

(0.78)

 

 

(0.73)

 

 

(0.55)

 

 

(0.63)

 

 

(0.68)

Production costs(3)

 

 

(0.05)

 

 

(0.08)

 

 

(0.07)

 

 

(0.07)

 

 

(0.07)

Netback

 

$

1.89

 

$

1.76

 

$

1.13

 

$

1.48

 

$

1.57

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sales price(1)

 

$

3.97

 

$

3.35

 

$

2.08

 

$

1.89

 

$

2.91

Transportation

 

 

(0.16)

 

 

(0.14)

 

 

(0.11)

 

 

(0.10)

 

 

(0.14)

Royalties(2)

 

 

(0.40)

 

 

(0.37)

 

 

(0.36)

 

 

(0.31)

 

 

(0.36)

Production costs(3)

 

 

(1.21)

 

 

(1.94)

 

 

(1.25)

 

 

(1.03)

 

 

(1.37)

Netback

 

$

2.20

 

$

0.90

 

$

0.36

 

$

0.45

 

$

1.04

 

Notes:

(1)

Before the effects of commodity derivative instruments.

(2)

Includes production taxes.

(3)

Production costs are costs incurred to operate and maintain wells and related equipment and facilities, including operating costs of support equipment used in oil and gas activities and other costs of operating and maintaining those wells and related equipment and facilities. Examples of production costs include items such as field staff labour costs, costs of materials, supplies and fuel consumed and supplies utilized in operating the wells and related equipment (such as power (including gains and losses on electricity contracts), chemicals and lease rentals), repairs and maintenance costs, property taxes, insurance costs, costs of workovers, net processing and treating fees, overhead fees, taxes (other than income, capital, withholding or U.S. state production taxes) and other costs.

 

TAX HORIZON

 

The Corporation is subject to standard applicable corporate income taxes. Based on existing tax legislation, the Corporation’s available tax pools, expected capital expenditures and forecasted net income, the Corporation does not anticipate paying material cash taxes in either Canada or the United States in 2018. These expectations may vary depending on numerous factors, including fluctuations in commodity prices, the Corporation's capital spending, changes in tax laws, and the nature and timing of the Corporation's acquisitions and divestments. As a result, the Corporation emphasizes that it is difficult to give guidance on future taxability as it operates within an industry that constantly changes. See "Risk Factors – Changes in laws or free trade agreements, including those affecting tax, royalties and other financial and trade matters, and interpretations of those laws and trade agreements, may adversely affect the Corporation and its securityholders.

 

For additional information, see Notes 2(i) and 12 to the Corporation's audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 and the information under the heading "Income Taxes" in the Corporation's MD&A, which can be found on its SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com and on the Corporation's EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov.

 

MARKETING ARRANGEMENTS AND FORWARD CONTRACTS

 

Crude Oil and NGLs

 

The Corporation's crude oil and NGLs production is marketed to a diverse portfolio of intermediaries and end users, generally on 30‑day continuously renewing contracts for crude oil in Canada, 30-day up to two year negotiated contracts for crude oil in the U.S. and yearly contracts for NGLs in Canada, where terms fluctuate with the monthly spot markets. NGLs contracts in the U.S. are processing arrangement-linked contracts with pricing linked to the monthly spot markets. The Corporation received an average price (before transportation costs, royalties, and the effects of commodity derivative instruments) of $58.69/bbl for its crude oil and $30.01/bbl for its NGLs for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $44.84/bbl for its crude oil and $15.29/bbl for its NGLs for the year ended December 31, 2016.

18    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

 

In the United States, the Corporation transports its U.S. crude oil production to its buyers by pipeline and/or truck, in addition to selling a portion of its crude oil production to buyers who may utilize rail transportation (after title is transferred into the buyer’s name). In 2017 the Corporation received an average price differential for its U.S. Bakken crude oil of US$3.72/bbl below WTI. The Corporation has firm sales contracts in place for approximately 21,500 bbls/day, on average, during 2018 for its U.S. oil production. The Corporation’s NGLs associated with its U.S. crude oil production volumes are marketed on its behalf by midstream companies in North Dakota and Montana.

 

In Canada, the Corporation typically transports its Canadian crude oil production to its buyers by pipeline and/or truck. The Corporation may occasionally sell a portion of its crude oil production to buyers who may use rail transportation (after title is transferred into the buyer’s name). The Corporation has approximately 3,200 BOE/day of crude oil and NGLs firm take-or-pay pipeline transportation agreements in place for 2018 and approximately 1,600 BOE/day on average for 2019 through 2027 for its Alberta crude oil and condensate production. Additionally, the Corporation has contracted firm NGLs fractionation agreements for 1,125 BOE/day through 2027.

 

Natural Gas

 

In marketing its natural gas production, the Corporation strives for a mix of contracts and customers. In 2017, 82% of the Corporation's natural gas production originated in the U.S. The Corporation delivered approximately 45% of its Marcellus production in 2017 onto the Transco Leidy Pipeline, with most of the remaining volumes delivered onto the Tennessee Gas Pipeline 300 Line in Pennsylvania. A portion was then transported to the Kentucky/Tennessee border. The Corporation has firm "must‑take" sales contracts for up to 65 MMcf/day of natural gas production in the Marcellus for terms of up to eight years with buyers who hold pipeline capacity on these and other pipelines in the region. The Corporation also has firm transportation agreements to transport gas out of the region for approximately 66 MMcf/day, with terms ending between 2020 and 2036. The Corporation holds firm transportation capacity for 30 MMcf/day for five years on the PennEast pipeline project. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission issued its final order approving the project in January 2018. It has an expected in-service date sometime in 2019, pending final state-level regulatory approvals and construction schedules.

 

The Corporation's percentage of 2017 revenues attributable to natural gas (before transportation, royalties, and the effects of commodity derivative instruments) was 27%, an increase from 26% in 2016. The average price received by the Corporation (before transportation, royalties, and the effects of commodity derivative instruments) for its natural gas in 2017 was $3.21/Mcf compared to $2.06/Mcf for the year ended December 31, 2016.

 

The Corporation received an average price differential for its U.S. Marcellus shale gas production of US$0.76/Mcf below NYMEX prices. Approximately 7% of the Corporation's natural gas production was associated natural gas production from its crude oil operations in North Dakota and Montana. The Corporation does not market these volumes directly, as they are marketed on Enerplus’ behalf by midstream companies.

 

In Canada, the Corporation sells its natural gas production at a mix of fixed and floating prices for a variety of terms ranging from spot sales to one year or longer. The Corporation's monthly sales portfolio reflected a mix of the daily and monthly market indices. The Corporation sold the majority of its Canadian natural gas production under fixed AECO-NYMEX basis differential contracts of US$0.66/Mcf below NYMEX in 2017. Approximately 18% of the Corporation's total natural gas production originated in Canada in 2017 and received an average price, before transportation, royalties, and the effects of commodity derivative instruments, of $3.30/Mcf during the year. At December 31, 2017, the Corporation held firm service natural gas transportation contracts for its natural gas production in Canada for 2018 totalling 69.0 MMcf/day.

 

Future Commitments and Forward Contracts

 

The Corporation may use various types of derivative financial instruments and fixed price physical sales contracts to manage the risk related to fluctuating commodity prices. Absent such hedging activities, all of the crude oil and NGLs and the majority of natural gas production of the Corporation is sold into the open market at prevailing market prices, which exposes the Corporation to the risks associated with commodity price fluctuations and foreign exchange rates. See "Risk Factors". Information regarding the Corporation's financial instruments is contained in Note 14(b) and 14(c)(i) to the Corporation’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 and under the heading "Results of Operations – Price Risk Management" in the Corporation's MD&A, each of which is available through the internet on the Corporation's website at www.enerplus.com, on the Corporation's SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com and on the Corporation's EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov.

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    19


 

Oil and Natural Gas Reserves 

 

SUMMARY OF RESERVES

 

All of the Corporation's reserves, including its U.S. reserves, have been evaluated in accordance with NI 51‑101. Independent reserves evaluations have been conducted on properties comprising approximately 92% of the net present value (discounted at 10%, before tax, using forecast prices and costs) of the Corporation's total proved plus probable reserves.

 

McDaniel, an independent petroleum consulting firm based in Calgary, Alberta, has evaluated properties which comprise approximately 59% of the net present value (discounted at 10%, before tax, using forecast prices and costs) of the Corporation's proved plus probable reserves located in Canada and all of the Corporation's reserves associated with the Corporation's properties located in North Dakota,  Montana and Colorado. The Corporation has evaluated the remaining 41% of the net present value of its Canadian properties using similar evaluation parameters, including the same forecast price and inflation rate assumptions utilized by McDaniel. McDaniel has reviewed the Corporation's internal evaluation of these properties.

 

NSAI, independent petroleum consultants based in Dallas, Texas, has evaluated all of the Corporation's reserves associated with the Corporation's properties in Pennsylvania. For consistency in the Corporation's reserves reporting, NSAI used McDaniel's January 1, 2018 forecast prices and inflation rates to prepare its report.

 

The Corporation used McDaniel's forecast exchange rates, set forth below, to convert U.S. dollar amounts in both the McDaniel and NSAI Reports to Canadian dollar amounts for presentation in this Annual Information Form.

 

The following sections and tables summarize, as at December 31, 2017, the Corporation's crude oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves and the estimated net present values of future net revenues associated with such reserves, together with certain information, estimates and assumptions associated with such reserves estimates. The data contained in the tables is a summary of the evaluations and, as a result, the tables may contain slightly different numbers than the evaluations themselves due to rounding. Additionally, the columns and rows in the tables may not add due to rounding. For information relating to the changes in the volumes of the Corporation's reserves from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017, see "– Reconciliation of Reserves" below.

 

All estimates of future net revenues are stated prior to provision for interest and general and administrative expenses and after deduction of royalties and estimated future capital expenditures, and are presented both before and after deducting income taxes. For additional information, see "Business of the Corporation – Tax Horizon", "Industry Conditions" and "Risk Factors" in this Annual Information Form.

 

With respect to pricing information in the following reserves information, the wellhead oil prices were adjusted for quality and transportation based on historical actual prices. The natural gas prices were adjusted, where necessary, based on historical pricing based on heating values and transportation. The NGLs prices were adjusted to reflect historical average prices received.

 

It should not be assumed that the present worth of estimated future cash flows shown below is representative of the fair market value of the reserves. There is no assurance that such price and cost assumptions will be attained and variances could be material. The reserves estimates of the Corporation's crude oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves provided herein are estimates only. Actual reserves may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein. Readers should review the definitions and information contained in "Presentation of Oil and Gas Reserves, Contingent Resources, and Production Information" in conjunction with the following tables and notes.

 

20    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

The following tables set forth the estimated gross and net reserves volumes and net present value of future net revenue attributable to the Corporation's reserves at December 31, 2017, using forecast price and cost cases.

 

Summary of Oil and Gas Reserves (Forecast Prices and Costs)

 

As of December 31, 2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OIL AND NATURAL GAS RESERVES

 

 

Light &

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Natural Gas

 

Conventional

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RESERVES

 

Medium Oil

 

Heavy Oil

 

Tight Oil

 

Liquids

 

Natural Gas

 

Shale Gas

 

Total

CATEGORY

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

 

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(MMcf)

 

(MMcf)

 

(MMcf)

 

(MMcf)

 

(MBOE)

 

(MBOE)

Proved Developed Producing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

8,515

 

7,233

 

19,976

 

16,704

 

 -

 

 -

 

1,924

 

1,657

 

54,332

 

52,431

 

1,367

 

1,298

 

39,698

 

34,549

United States

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

48,731

 

39,274

 

6,312

 

5,049

 

 -

 

 -

 

550,747

 

443,141

 

146,834

 

118,180

Total

 

8,515

 

7,233

 

19,976

 

16,704

 

48,731

 

39,274

 

8,236

 

6,706

 

54,332

 

52,431

 

552,114

 

444,439

 

186,532

 

152,729

Proved Developed Non-Producing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

21

 

21

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

21

 

21

United States

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

650

 

533

 

43

 

35

 

 -

 

 -

 

4,611

 

3,657

 

1,461

 

1,177

Total

 

21

 

21

 

-

 

 -

 

650

 

533

 

43

 

35

 

 -

 

 -

 

4,611

 

3,657

 

1,482

 

1,198

Proved Undeveloped

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

354

 

332

 

2,576

 

2,170

 

 -

 

 -

 

11

 

 7

 

1,660

 

1,295

 

 -

 

 -

 

3,218

 

2,724

United States

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

41,721

 

33,436

 

4,709

 

3,777

 

 -

 

 -

 

246,294

 

195,795

 

87,479

 

69,845

Total

 

354

 

332

 

2,576

 

2,170

 

41,721

 

33,436

 

4,720

 

3,784

 

1,660

 

1,295

 

246,294

 

195,795

 

90,697

 

72,569

Total Proved

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

8,890

 

7,586

 

22,552

 

18,873

 

 -

 

 -

 

1,935

 

1,664

 

55,992

 

53,726

 

1,367

 

1,298

 

42,937

 

37,294

United States

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

91,101

 

73,242

 

11,065

 

8,861

 

 -

 

 -

 

801,651

 

642,593

 

235,775

 

189,202

Total

 

8,890

 

7,586

 

22,552

 

18,873

 

91,101

 

73,242

 

13,000

 

10,525

 

55,992

 

53,726

 

803,018

 

643,891

 

278,712

 

226,496

Probable

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

2,719

 

2,381

 

7,635

 

6,249

 

 -

 

 -

 

831

 

709

 

21,289

 

20,225

 

349

 

331

 

14,792

 

12,765

United States

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

58,125

 

46,591

 

6,921

 

5,538

 

 -

 

 -

 

233,393

 

185,245

 

103,945

 

83,003

Total

 

2,719

 

2,381

 

7,635

 

6,249

 

58,125

 

46,591

 

7,752

 

6,247

 

21,289

 

20,225

 

233,742

 

185,576

 

118,737

 

95,768

Total Proved Plus Probable

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

11,609

 

9,966

 

30,187

 

25,122

 

 -

 

 -

 

2,767

 

2,373

 

77,281

 

73,951

 

1,715

 

1,629

 

57,729

 

50,059

United States

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

149,227

 

119,833

 

17,985

 

14,399

 

 -

 

 -

 

1,035,045

 

827,838

 

339,719

 

272,205

Total

 

11,609

 

9,966

 

30,187

 

25,122

 

149,227

 

119,833

 

20,752

 

16,772

 

77,281

 

73,951

 

1,036,760

 

829,467

 

397,448

 

322,264

 

 

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    21


 

Summary of Net Present Value of Future Net Revenue 

 

Attributable to Oil and Gas Reserves (Forecast Prices and Costs)

 

As of December 31, 2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NET PRESENT VALUE OF FUTURE NET REVENUE DISCOUNTED AT (%/Year)

 

 

 

 

 

Before Deducting Income Taxes

 

After Deducting Income Taxes(1)

 

Unit

RESERVES CATEGORY

    

0%

    

5%

    

10%

    

15%

    

20%

    

0%

    

5%

    

10%

    

15%

    

20%

    

Value(2)

 

 

(in $ millions)

 

$/BOE

Proved Developed Producing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

954

 

683

 

531

 

437

 

372

 

914

 

669

 

526

 

434

 

371

 

 

$15.37

United States

 

2,986

 

2,106

 

1,640

 

1,359

 

1,172

 

2,646

 

1,922

 

1,525

 

1,280

 

1,114

 

 

$13.88

Total

 

3,940

 

2,789

 

2,171

 

1,796

 

1,544

 

3,560

 

2,591

 

2,051

 

1,714

 

1,485

 

 

$14.21

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Developed Non‑Producing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

(10)

 

(9)

 

(9)

 

(8)

 

(7)

 

(8)

 

(8)

 

(8)

 

(8)

 

(7)

 

 

($428.57)

United States

 

26

 

20

 

17

 

14

 

12

 

19

 

16

 

13

 

12

 

10

 

 

$14.44

Total

 

16

 

11

 

 8

 

 6

 

 5

 

11

 

 8

 

 5

 

 4

 

 3

 

 

$6.68

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Undeveloped

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

69

 

47

 

32

 

22

 

15

 

50

 

38

 

28

 

20

 

14

 

 

$11.75

United States

 

1,458

 

884

 

576

 

389

 

264

 

1,064

 

649

 

420

 

279

 

183

 

 

$8.25

Total

 

1,527

 

931

 

608

 

411

 

279

 

1,114

 

687

 

448

 

299

 

197

 

 

$8.38

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Proved

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

1,013

 

721

 

555

 

451

 

380

 

957

 

698

 

545

 

446

 

378

 

 

$14.88

United States

 

4,470

 

3,010

 

2,233

 

1,762

 

1,448

 

3,729

 

2,587

 

1,959

 

1,571

 

1,308

 

 

$11.80

Total

 

5,483

 

3,731

 

2,788

 

2,213

 

1,828

 

4,686

 

3,285

 

2,504

 

2,017

 

1,686

 

 

$12.31

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Probable

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

449

 

250

 

161

 

113

 

85

 

328

 

190

 

128

 

94

 

72

 

 

$12.61

United States

 

2,948

 

1,449

 

862

 

571

 

403

 

2,152

 

1,052

 

619

 

405

 

282

 

 

$10.39

Total

 

3,397

 

1,699

 

1,023

 

684

 

488

 

2,480

 

1,242

 

747

 

499

 

354

 

 

$10.68

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Proved Plus Probable

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

1,462

 

971

 

716

 

564

 

465

 

1,285

 

888

 

673

 

540

 

450

 

 

$14.30

United States

 

7,418

 

4,459

 

3,095

 

2,333

 

1,851

 

5,881

 

3,639

 

2,578

 

1,976

 

1,590

 

 

$11.37

Total

 

8,880

 

5,430

 

3,811

 

2,897

 

2,316

 

7,166

 

4,527

 

3,251

 

2,516

 

2,040

 

 

$11.83

 

Notes:

(1)  Income tax calculations are based on the forecast cash flows of reserves volumes only, taking into consideration the forecast capital required to develop the reserves, and having regard for remaining corporate tax pools at the effective date, applicable deductions and appropriate federal, provincial and state tax rates.

(2)  Calculated using net present value of future net revenue before deducting income taxes, discounted at 10% per year, and net reserves. The unit values are based on net reserves volumes.

 

22    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

FORECAST PRICES AND COSTS

 

The forecast price and cost case assumes no legislative or regulatory amendments, and includes the effects of inflation. The estimated future net revenue to be derived from the production of the reserves is based on the following price forecasts supplied by McDaniel as of January 1, 2018 (and utilized by NSAI and by the Corporation in its internal evaluations for consistency in the Corporation's reserves reporting), and the following inflation and exchange rate assumptions:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS

 

 

 

 

 

 

CRUDE OIL

 

NATURAL GAS

 

Edmonton Par Price

 

 

 

 

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

Condensate

    

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sask

 

Alberta

 

U.S. Henry

 

 

 

 

 

&

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Edmonton

 

Alberta

 

Cromer

 

AECO

 

Hub

 

 

 

 

 

Natural

 

Inflation

 

Exchange

Year

 

WTI(1)

 

Light(2)

 

Heavy(3)

 

Medium(4)

 

Spot Prices

 

Gas Price

 

Propane

 

Butanes

 

Gasolines

 

Rate

 

Rate

 

 

($US/bbl)

 

($Cdn/bbl)

 

($Cdn/bbl)

 

($Cdn/bbl)

 

($Cdn/MMbtu)

 

($US/MMbtu)

 

($Cdn/bbl)

 

($Cdn/bbl)

 

($Cdn/bbl)

 

(%/year)

 

($US/$Cdn)

2018

 

58.50

 

70.10

 

45.20

 

65.20

 

2.25

 

3.00

 

40.60

 

51.40

 

73.10

 

 -

 

0.790

2019

 

58.70

 

71.30

 

49.60

 

66.30

 

2.65

 

3.05

 

38.10

 

52.20

 

74.40

 

2.0

 

0.790

2020

 

62.40

 

74.90

 

53.60

 

69.70

 

3.05

 

3.25

 

33.20

 

54.90

 

78.00

 

2.0

 

0.800

2021

 

69.00

 

80.50

 

57.60

 

74.90

 

3.40

 

3.55

 

34.30

 

59.00

 

83.70

 

2.0

 

0.825

2022

 

73.10

 

82.80

 

59.20

 

77.00

 

3.60

 

3.80

 

32.10

 

60.70

 

86.00

 

2.0

 

0.850

2023

 

74.50

 

84.40

 

60.30

 

78.50

 

3.65

 

3.85

 

31.00

 

61.80

 

87.70

 

2.0

 

0.850

2024

 

76.00

 

86.10

 

61.60

 

80.10

 

3.75

 

3.95

 

31.60

 

63.10

 

89.50

 

2.0

 

0.850

2025

 

77.50

 

87.80

 

62.80

 

81.70

 

3.80

 

4.00

 

32.20

 

64.30

 

91.20

 

2.0

 

0.850

2026

 

79.10

 

89.60

 

64.10

 

83.30

 

3.90

 

4.10

 

32.90

 

65.60

 

93.10

 

2.0

 

0.850

2027

 

80.70

 

91.40

 

65.40

 

85.00

 

3.95

 

4.15

 

33.50

 

67.00

 

95.00

 

2.0

 

0.850

2028

 

82.30

 

93.20

 

66.60

 

86.70

 

4.05

 

4.25

 

34.20

 

68.30

 

96.90

 

2.0

 

0.850

2029

 

83.90

 

95.00

 

67.90

 

88.40

 

4.15

 

4.35

 

34.90

 

69.60

 

98.70

 

2.0

 

0.850

2030

 

85.60

 

97.00

 

69.40

 

90.20

 

4.25

 

4.45

 

35.70

 

71.10

 

100.80

 

2.0

 

0.850

2031

 

87.30

 

98.90

 

70.70

 

92.00

 

4.30

 

4.50

 

36.30

 

72.50

 

102.80

 

2.0

 

0.850

2032

 

89.10

 

100.90

 

72.10

 

93.80

 

4.35

 

4.60

 

37.00

 

73.90

 

104.90

 

2.0

 

0.850

Thereafter

 

(5)

 

(5)

 

(5)

 

(5)

 

(5)

 

(5)

 

(5)

 

(5)

 

(5)

 

(5)

 

0.850

 

Notes:   

(1) West Texas Intermediate at Cushing Oklahoma 40o API/0.5% sulphur

(2)Edmonton Light Sweet 40o API/0.3% sulphur

(3)Heavy Crude Oil 12o API at Hardisty, Alberta (after deducting blending costs to reach pipeline quality)

(4)Midale Cromer Crude Oil 29o API/2.0% sulphur

(5)Escalation is approximately 2% per year thereafter

 

In 2017, the Corporation received a weighted average price (before transportation costs, royalties, and the effects of commodity derivative instruments) of $58.69/bbl for crude oil, $30.01/bbl for natural gas liquids and $3.21/Mcf for natural gas.    

 

UNDISCOUNTED FUTURE NET REVENUE BY RESERVES CATEGORY 

 

The undiscounted total future net revenue by reserves category as of December 31, 2017, using forecast prices and costs, is set forth below (columns or rows may not add due to rounding):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

Future Net

    

 

    

Future Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abandonment

 

Revenue

 

 

 

Revenue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

and

 

Before

 

 

 

After

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating

 

Development

 

Reclamation

 

Income

 

Income

 

Income

RESERVES CATEGORY

 

Revenue

 

Royalties(1)

 

Costs

 

Costs

 

Costs

 

Taxes

 

Taxes

 

Taxes(2)

 

 

(in $ millions)

Proved Reserves

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

2,519

 

393

 

946

 

101

 

66

 

1,013

 

56

 

957

United States

 

10,480

 

2,686

 

2,197

 

939

 

189

 

4,470

 

741

 

3,729

Total

 

13,000

 

3,079

 

3,143

 

1,040

 

255

 

5,483

 

797

 

4,685

Proved Plus Probable

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reserves

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canada

 

3,497

 

551

 

1,273

 

141

 

71

 

1,462

 

177

 

1,285

United States

 

17,171

 

4,477

 

3,458

 

1,573

 

245

 

7,418

 

1,536

 

5,881

Total

 

20,668

 

5,028

 

4,731

 

1,714

 

316

 

8,880

 

1,713

 

7,166

 

Notes:

(1) Royalties include any net profits interests paid, as well as the Saskatchewan Corporation Capital Tax Surcharge.

(2) Income tax calculations are based on the forecast cash flows of reserves volumes only, taking into consideration the forecast capital required to develop the reserves, and having regard for remaining corporate tax pools at the effective date, applicable deductions and appropriate federal, provincial and state tax rates.

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    23


 

 

 

NET PRESENT VALUE OF FUTURE NET REVENUE BY RESERVES CATEGORY AND PRODUCT TYPE

 

The net present value of future net revenue before income taxes by reserves category and product type as of December 31, 2017, using forecast prices and costs and discounted at 10% per year, is set forth below:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Future Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

 

 

 

 

 

Before Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taxes

 

 

RESERVES CATEGORY

   

PRODUCT TYPE

   

(Discounted at 10%)

   

Unit Value(1)

 

 

 

 

(in $ millions)

 

($/bbl; $/Mcf)

Canada

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Reserves

 

Light and Medium Oil (including solution gas and by-products)(2)

 

189,130

 

25.07

 

 

Heavy Oil (including solution gas and by-products) (2)

 

311,881

 

16.53

 

 

Tight Oil(2)

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

 

Conventional Natural Gas (including by-products)(3)

 

49,035

 

1.05

 

 

Shale Gas(3)

 

5,088

 

3.92

 

 

Total

 

555,133

 

 

Proved Plus Probable Reserves

 

Light and Medium Oil (including solution gas and by-products)(2)

 

249,189

 

25.14

 

 

Heavy Oil (including solution gas and by-products) (2)

 

393,578

 

15.67

 

 

Tight Oil(2)

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

 

Conventional Natural Gas (including by-products)(3)

 

67,589

 

1.12

 

 

Shale Gas(3)

 

5,793

 

3.56

 

 

Total

 

716,149

 

 

United States

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Reserves

 

Light and Medium Oil (including solution gas and by-products) (2)

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

 

Heavy Oil (including solution gas and by-products) (2)

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

 

Tight Oil(2)

 

1,619,951

 

22.12

 

 

Conventional Natural Gas (including by-products) (3)

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

 

Shale Gas(4)

 

612,808

 

1.06

 

 

Total

 

2,232,759

 

 

Proved Plus Probable Reserves

 

Light and Medium Oil (including solution gas and by-products) (2)

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

 

Heavy Oil (including solution gas and by-products) (2)

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

 

Tight Oil(2)

 

2,408,422

 

20.10

 

 

Conventional Natural Gas (including by-products) (3)

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

 

Shale Gas(4)

 

686,379

 

0.94

 

 

Total

 

3,094,802

 

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Reserves

 

Light and Medium Oil (including solution gas and by-products) (2)

 

189,130

 

 

 

 

Heavy Oil (including solution gas and by-products) (2)

 

311,881

 

 

 

 

Tight Oil(2)

 

1,619,951

 

 

 

 

Conventional Natural Gas (including by-products) (3)

 

49,035

 

 

 

 

Shale Gas(3)(4)

 

617,896

 

 

 

 

Total

 

2,787,893

 

 

Proved Plus Probable Reserves

 

Light and Medium Oil (including solution gas and by-products) (2)

 

249,189

 

 

 

 

Heavy Oil (including solution gas and by-products) (2)

 

393,578

 

 

 

 

Tight Oil(2)

 

2,408,422

 

 

 

 

Conventional Natural Gas (including by-products) (3)

 

67,589

 

 

 

 

Shale Gas(3)(4)

 

692,172

 

 

 

 

Total

 

3,810,951

 

 

 

Notes:

(1)

Unit values are calculated using the 10% discounted rate divided by the major product type net reserves for each group.

(2)

Including net present value of solution gas and other by-products.

(3)

Including net present value of by-products, but excluding solution gas and by-products from oil wells.

(4)

No by-product oil or NGLs are associated with U.S. shale gas.  

 

 

24    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

ESTIMATED PRODUCTION FOR GROSS RESERVES ESTIMATES 

 

The volume of total production for the Corporation estimated for 2018 in preparing the estimates of gross proved reserves and gross probable reserves is set forth below. Actual 2018 production (including from the Fort Berthold and Marcellus properties in the separate tables below) may vary from the estimates provided by McDaniel and NSAI as the Corporation's actual development programs, timing and priorities may differ from the forecast of development by McDaniel and NSAI. Columns may not add due to rounding.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross Proved Reserves

 

 

Canada

 

United States

 

 

Estimated 2018

 

Estimated 2018

 

Estimated 2018

 

Estimated 2018

 

 

Aggregate

 

Average Daily

 

Aggregate

 

Average Daily

Product Type

 

Production

 

Production

 

Production

 

Production

Crude Oil

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil

 

1,391

 

Mbbls

 

3,810

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Heavy Oil

 

1,918

 

Mbbls

 

5,254

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Tight Oil

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

 

10,945

 

Mbbls

 

29,985

 

bbls/day

Total Crude Oil

 

3,308

 

Mbbls

 

9,064

 

bbls/day

 

10,945

 

Mbbls

 

29,985

 

bbls/day

Natural Gas Liquids

 

285

 

Mbbls

 

780

 

bbls/day

 

1,299

 

Mbbls

 

3,560

 

bbls/day

Total Liquids

 

3,593

 

Mbbls

 

9,844

 

bbls/day

 

12,244

 

Mbbls

 

33,545

 

bbls/day

Conventional Natural Gas

 

9,119

 

MMcf

 

24,985

 

Mcf/day

 

-

 

MMcf

 

-

 

Mcf/day

Shale Gas

 

145

 

MMcf

 

396

 

Mcf/day

 

76,719

 

MMcf

 

210,190

 

Mcf/day

Total

 

5,137

 

MBOE

 

14,074

 

BOE/day

 

25,030

 

MBOE

 

68,576

 

BOE/day

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross Probable Reserves

 

 

Canada

 

United States

 

 

Estimated 2018

 

Estimated 2018

 

Estimated 2018

 

Estimated 2018

 

 

Aggregate

 

Average Daily

 

Aggregate

 

Average Daily

Product Type

 

Production

 

Production

 

Production

 

Production

Crude Oil

  

 

    

 

    

             

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

              

    

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil

 

52

 

Mbbls

 

142

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Heavy Oil

 

69

 

Mbbls

 

190

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Tight Oil

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

 

647

 

Mbbls

 

1,772

 

bbls/day

Total Crude Oil

 

121

 

Mbbls

 

332

 

bbls/day

 

647

 

Mbbls

 

1,772

 

bbls/day

Natural Gas Liquids

 

20

 

Mbbls

 

55

 

bbls/day

 

82

 

Mbbls

 

225

 

bbls/day

Total Liquids

 

141

 

Mbbls

 

387

 

bbls/day

 

729

 

Mbbls

 

1,997

 

bbls/day

Conventional Natural Gas

 

613

 

MMcf

 

1,679

 

Mcf/day

 

-

 

MMcf

 

-

 

Mcf/day

Shale Gas

 

 4

 

MMcf

 

11

 

Mcf/day

 

867

 

MMcf

 

2,375

 

Mcf/day

Total

 

244

 

MBOE

 

668

 

BOE/day

 

873

 

MBOE

 

2,393

 

BOE/day

 

The tables below set forth McDaniel's and NSAI’s estimated 2018 production for the Corporation's Fort Berthold property located in North Dakota, United States, and the Marcellus property, located in Pennsylvania, United States, respectively, as each field is estimated to account for more than 20% of the above estimate of the Corporation's 2018 production.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross Proved Reserves

 

 

Fort Berthold

 

Marcellus

 

 

Estimated 2018

 

Estimated 2018

 

Estimated 2018

 

Estimated 2018

 

 

Aggregate

 

Average Daily

 

Aggregate

 

Average Daily

Product Type

 

Production

 

Production

 

Production

 

Production

Crude Oil

 

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Heavy Oil

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Tight Oil

 

9,928

 

Mbbls

 

27,199

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Total Crude Oil

 

9,928

 

Mbbls

 

27,199

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Natural Gas Liquids

 

1,299

 

Mbbls

 

3,560

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Total Liquids

 

11,227

 

Mbbls

 

30,759

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Conventional Natural Gas

 

-

 

MMcf

 

-

 

Mcf/day

 

-

 

MMcf

 

-

 

Mcf/day

Shale Gas

 

6,498

 

MMcf

 

17,804

 

Mcf/day

 

67,961

 

MMcf

 

186,195

 

Mcf/day

Total

 

12,310

 

MBOE

 

33,726

 

BOE/day

 

11,327

 

MBOE

 

31,033

 

BOE/day

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    25


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross Probable Reserves

 

 

Fort Berthold

    

Marcellus

 

 

Estimated 2018

 

Estimated 2018

 

Estimated 2018

 

Estimated 2018

 

 

Aggregate

 

Average Daily

 

Aggregate

 

Average Daily

Product Type

 

Production

 

Production

 

Production

 

Production

Crude Oil

    

 

    

 

    

             

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

              

    

 

Light and Medium Crude Oil

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Heavy Oil

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Tight Oil

 

642

 

Mbbls

 

1,759

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Total Crude Oil

 

642

 

Mbbls

 

1,759

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Natural Gas Liquids

 

82

 

Mbbls

 

225

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Total Liquids

 

724

 

Mbbls

 

1,984

 

bbls/day

 

-

 

Mbbls

 

-

 

bbls/day

Conventional Natural Gas

 

-

 

MMcf

 

-

 

Mcf/day

 

-

 

MMcf

 

-

 

Mcf/day

Shale Gas

 

410

 

MMcf

 

1,124

 

Mcf/day

 

450

 

MMcf

 

1,232

 

Mcf/day

Total

 

792

 

MBOE

 

2,171

 

BOE/day

 

75

 

MBOE

 

205

 

BOE/day

 

 

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT COSTS

 

The amount of development costs deducted in the estimation of net present value of future net revenue is set forth below. The Corporation intends to fund its development activities through internally generated cash flow and debt.  The Corporation does not anticipate that the cost of obtaining the funds required for these development activities will have a material effect on the Corporation's disclosed oil and gas reserves or future net revenue attributable to those reserves. For additional information, see "Business of the Corporation – Capital Expenditures and Costs Incurred".

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CANADA

 

UNITED STATES

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Plus

 

 

 

 

 

Proved Plus

 

 

Proved Reserves

 

Probable Reserves

 

Proved Reserves

 

Probable Reserves

 

 

 

 

Discounted

 

 

 

Discounted

 

 

 

Discounted

 

 

 

Discounted

Year

    

Undiscounted

    

at 10%/year

    

Undiscounted

    

at 10%/year

    

Undiscounted

    

at 10%/year

    

Undiscounted

    

at 10%/year

 

 

(in $ millions)

 

2018

 

44

 

42

 

54

 

51

 

430

 

409

 

457

 

434

2019

 

26

 

23

 

27

 

24

 

411

 

356

 

579

 

496

2020

 

 8

 

 6

 

20

 

16

 

57

 

45

 

449

 

359

2021

 

 7

 

 5

 

18

 

13

 

25

 

18

 

65

 

47

2022

 

 5

 

 3

 

 9

 

 6

 

16

 

10

 

24

 

16

Remainder

 

11

 

 7

 

13

 

 7

 

-

 

 1

 

-

 

-

Total

 

101

 

86

 

141

 

117

 

939

 

839

 

1,573

 

1,352

 

 

 

RECONCILIATION OF RESERVES

 

Overview

 

The Corporation's total gross proved plus probable reserves at December 31, 2017 were 397.4 MMBOE, an increase of approximately 4% from year‑end 2016. The Corporation's gross proved plus probable crude oil and NGLs reserves were 211.8 MMBOE and represented approximately 53% of total proved plus probable gross reserves, up 9% from year‑end 2016. The Corporation replaced approximately 189% of its 2017 gross production through its exploration and development program, adding approximately 58 MMBOE of proved plus probable reserves, including revisions and economic factors. Approximately 68% of the additions, including revisions and economic factors, were crude oil and NGLs, representing the replacement of  266% of the Corporation's 2017 crude oil and NGLs production. Of the Corporation’s approximately 58 MMBOE of proved plus probable additions, including revisions and economic factors, 42.2 MMBOE is attributed to the Fort Berthold property and 15.9 MMBOE (95.4 Bcf) to the Marcellus shale gas property.

 

The Corporation sold 12.4 MMBOE of proved plus probable reserves in 2017,  the majority of which were associated with Canadian properties. Total proved plus probable conventional natural gas reserves decreased by approximately 39% from year‑end 2016, largely as a result of these divestments.

26    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

The following tables reconcile the Corporation's gross crude oil and natural gas reserves from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017, by country and in total, using forecast prices and costs. Certain columns may not add due to rounding.

 

CANADIAN OIL AND GAS RESERVES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light & Medium Oil

 

 

Heavy Oil

 

Tight Oil

 

Natural Gas Liquids

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved

 

 

 

 

 

Proved

 

 

 

 

 

Proved

CANADA

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

Factors

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

Proved

 

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

 

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

December 31, 2016

 

11,621

 

2,645

 

14,265

 

30,232

 

 

8,721

 

38,953

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

2,061

 

704

 

2,765

Acquisitions

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

-

 

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Dispositions

 

(691)

 

(144)

 

(834)

 

(4,730)

 

 

(1,101)

 

(5,831)

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

(96)

 

(37)

 

(133)

Discoveries

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

Extensions and Improved Recovery

 

354

 

163

 

517

 

390

 

 

165

 

555

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

 2

 

 1

 

 2

Economic Factors

 

(138)

 

(7)

 

(145)

 

(113)

 

 

(39)

 

(152)

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

(111)

 

(62)

 

(173)

Technical Revisions

 

(541)

 

62

 

(479)

 

(1,012)

 

 

(110)

 

(1,122)

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

449

 

225

 

673

Production

 

(1,715)

 

-

 

(1,715)

 

(2,215)

 

 

-

 

(2,215)

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

(368)

 

-

 

(368)

December 31, 2017

 

8,890

 

2,719

 

11,609

 

22,552

 

 

7,635

 

30,187

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

1,935

 

831

 

2,767

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conventional Natural Gas

 

Shale Gas

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved

 

 

 

 

 

Proved

 

 

 

 

 

Proved

CANADA

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

Factors

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MBOE)

    

(MBOE)

    

(MBOE)

December 31, 2016

 

95,769

 

30,521

 

126,290

 

1,527

 

619

 

2,146

 

60,130

 

17,260

 

77,389

Acquisitions

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Dispositions

 

(22,970)

 

(9,185)

 

(32,155)

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

(9,345)

 

(2,812)

 

(12,158)

Discoveries

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

Extensions and Improved Recovery

 

28

 

12

 

40

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

750

 

331

 

1,081

Economic Factors

 

(5,316)

 

(2,393)

 

(7,709)

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

(1,248)

 

(507)

 

(1,756)

Technical Revisions

 

4,098

 

2,335

 

6,432

 

17

 

(271)

 

(253)

 

(419)

 

521

 

102

Production

 

(15,617)

 

-

 

(15,617)

 

(177)

 

-

 

(177)

 

(6,930)

 

-

 

(6,930)

December 31, 2017

 

55,992

 

21,289

 

77,281

 

1,367

 

349

 

1,715

 

42,937

 

14,792

 

57,729

 

UNITED STATES OIL AND GAS RESERVES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light & Medium Oil

 

Heavy Oil

 

Tight Oil

 

Natural Gas Liquids

 

 

  

 

  

 

  

Proved

  

 

  

 

  

Proved

  

 

  

 

  

Proved

  

 

  

 

  

Proved

UNITED STATES

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

Factors

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

    

(Mbbls)

December 31, 2016

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

77,566

 

45,432

 

122,998

 

9,764

 

5,569

 

15,333

Acquisitions

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Dispositions

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

(134)

 

(36)

 

(170)

 

(26)

 

(7)

 

(33)

Discoveries

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Extensions and Improved Recovery

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

19,609

 

15,013

 

34,622

 

2,230

 

1,662

 

3,892

Economic Factors

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

(517)

 

(10)

 

(527)

 

(65)

 

(12)

 

(77)

Technical Revisions

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

4,084

 

(2,274)

 

1,810

 

132

 

(292)

 

(160)

Production

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

(9,507)

 

 -

 

(9,507)

 

(970)

 

 -

 

(970)

December 31, 2017

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

91,101

 

58,125

 

149,227

 

11,065

 

6,921

 

17,985

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conventional Natural Gas

 

Shale Gas

 

Total

 

 

  

 

  

 

  

Proved

  

 

  

 

  

Proved

  

 

  

 

  

Proved

UNITED STATES

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

Factors

 

Proved

Probable

Probable

 

Proved

Probable

Probable

 

Proved

Probable

Probable

 

     

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MBOE)

    

(MBOE)

    

(MBOE)

December 31, 2016

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

725,087

 

275,550

 

1,000,637

 

208,178

 

96,926

 

305,104

Acquisitions

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Dispositions

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

(127)

 

(34)

 

(161)

 

(181)

 

(48)

 

(230)

Discoveries

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Extensions and Improved Recovery

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

78,672

 

31,211

 

109,882

 

34,951

 

21,877

 

56,828

Economic Factors

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

(3,296)

 

21

 

(3,275)

 

(1,132)

 

(18)

 

(1,150)

Technical Revisions

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

80,534

 

(73,354)

 

7,180

 

17,639

 

(14,792)

 

2,847

Production

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

(79,219)

 

 -

 

(79,219)

 

(23,680)

 

 -

 

(23,680)

December 31, 2017

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

801,651

 

233,393

 

1,035,045

 

235,775

 

103,945

 

339,719

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    27


 

TOTAL OIL AND GAS RESERVES 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Light & Medium Oil

 

Heavy Oil

 

Tight Oil

 

Natural Gas Liquids

 

  

 

  

 

  

Proved

  

 

  

 

  

Proved

  

 

  

 

  

Proved

  

 

  

 

  

Proved

TOTAL

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

Factors

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

Proved

 

Probable

 

Probable

 

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

December 31, 2016

 

11,621

 

2,645

 

14,265

 

30,232

 

8,721

 

38,953

 

77,566

 

45,432

 

122,998

 

11,825

 

6,273

 

18,098

Acquisitions

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Dispositions

 

(691)

 

(144)

 

(834)

 

(4,730)

 

(1,101)

 

(5,831)

 

(134)

 

(36)

 

(170)

 

(122)

 

(44)

 

(166)

Discoveries

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

Extensions and Improved Recovery

 

354

 

163

 

517

 

390

 

165

 

555

 

19,609

 

15,013

 

34,622

 

2,231

 

1,663

 

3,895

Economic Factors

 

(138)

 

(7)

 

(145)

 

(113)

 

(39)

 

(152)

 

(517)

 

(10)

 

(527)

 

(177)

 

(73)

 

(250)

Technical Revisions

 

(541)

 

62

 

(479)

 

(1,012)

 

(110)

 

(1,122)

 

4,084

 

(2,274)

 

1,810

 

581

 

(67)

 

513

Production

 

(1,715)

 

-

 

(1,715)

 

(2,215)

 

-

 

(2,215)

 

(9,507)

 

-

 

(9,507)

 

(1,338)

 

-

 

(1,338)

December 31, 2017

 

8,890

 

2,719

 

11,609

 

22,552

 

7,635

 

30,187

 

91,101

 

58,125

 

149,227

 

13,000

 

7,752

 

20,752

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conventional Natural Gas

 

Shale Gas

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proved

 

 

 

 

Proved

 

 

 

 

Proved

TOTAL

 

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

Plus

 

 

 

 

Plus

Factors

 

Proved

Probable

Probable

Proved

Probable

Probable

Proved

Probable

Probable

 

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MMcf)

    

(MBOE)

    

(MBOE)

    

(MBOE)

December 31, 2016

 

95,769

 

30,521

 

126,290

 

726,614

 

276,169

 

1,002,783

 

268,307

 

114,186

 

382,493

Acquisitions

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

 -

 

 -

 

 -

Dispositions

 

(22,970)

 

(9,185)

 

(32,155)

 

(127)

 

(34)

 

(161)

 

(9,527)

 

(2,861)

 

(12,388)

Discoveries

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

Extensions and Improved Recovery

 

28

 

12

 

40

 

78,672

 

31,211

 

109,882

 

35,701

 

22,208

 

57,909

Economic Factors

 

(5,316)

 

(2,393)

 

(7,709)

 

(3,296)

 

21

 

(3,275)

 

(2,380)

 

(525)

 

(2,905)

Technical Revisions

 

4,098

 

2,335

 

6,432

 

80,551

 

(73,624)

 

6,927

 

17,220

 

(14,271)

 

2,949

Production

 

(15,617)

 

-

 

(15,617)

 

(79,396)

 

-

 

(79,396)

 

(30,610)

 

-

 

(30,610)

December 31, 2017

 

55,992

 

21,289

 

77,281

 

803,018

 

233,742

 

1,036,760

 

278,712

 

118,737

 

397,448

 

 

 

UNDEVELOPED RESERVES 

 

The following tables disclose the volumes of proved undeveloped reserves and probable undeveloped reserves of the Corporation that were first attributed in the years indicated.

 

Proved Undeveloped Reserves

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Crude Oil

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

Conventional

    

 

    

 

 

 

Light &

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Natural

 

Shale

 

 

Year(1)

 

Medium

 

Heavy

 

Tight

 

NGLs

 

Gas

 

Gas

 

Total

 

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(MMcf)

 

(MMcf)

 

(MBOE)

2015

 

82

 

1,390

 

1,194

 

109

 

56

 

16,776

 

5,579

2016

 

100

 

 -

 

3,492

 

391

 

-

 

6,080

 

4,996

2017

 

354

 

390

 

19,113

 

2,170

 

28

 

52,296

 

30,749

 

Note: 

(1) First attributed volumes include additions during the year and do not include revisions to previous undeveloped reserves.

 

Probable Undeveloped Reserves

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Crude Oil

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conventional

 

 

 

 

 

    

Light &

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

Natural

    

Shale

    

 

Year(1)

 

Medium

 

Heavy

 

Tight

 

NGLs

 

Gas

 

Gas

 

Total

 

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(MMcf)

 

(MMcf)

 

(MBOE)

2015

 

37

 

558

 

6,296

 

573

 

33

 

37,948

 

13,794

2016

 

45

 

-

 

13,104

 

1,468

 

 -

 

26,468

 

19,028

2017

 

163

 

165

 

14,891

 

1,645

 

12

 

37,251

 

23,075

 

Note:

(1)First attributed volumes include additions during the year and do not include revisions to previous undeveloped reserves.

 

28    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

The Corporation attributes proved and probable undeveloped reserves based on accepted engineering and geological practices as defined under NI 51-101. These practices include the determination of reserves based on the presence of commercial test rates from either production tests or drill stem tests, extensions of known accumulations based upon either geological or geophysical information, and the optimization of existing fields. The corporation considers each of its undeveloped locations to be projects that have larger capital expenditures and consistent with the COGE Handbook has generally assigned development of or the commencement of significant capital spending on proved undeveloped locations to occur within three years and within five years for proved plus probable undeveloped reserves.

 

In the Fort Berthold property, the Corporation has been active for the last several years in drilling and developing these undeveloped reserves, converting the associated volumes to producing reserves. The corporation has, in the past, maintained the gross proved plus probable undeveloped location well count year over year and added undeveloped locations to replace those that were drilled in the preceding year. The Corporation expects to increase its activity in Fort Berthold and has increased the gross proved plus probable undeveloped location count from 109 locations in 2016 to 130 locations as of December 31, 2017. The conversion of the proved undeveloped locations to producing reserves is scheduled to occur continuously over the next three years and the development of the remaining probable undeveloped locations is scheduled to occur within four years.

 

The Corporation, in 2017, continued to participate in the development of its non-operated undeveloped reserves in the Marcellus property converting 5.8 net proved plus probable locations to developed reserves. These converted locations were replaced with additions of 5.3 net proved plus probable undeveloped locations as of December 31, 2017. Development timing for both proved undeveloped and proved plus probable undeveloped locations is determined by the scheduling prepared by the operators of the property. In this case, development of both the proved undeveloped and proved plus probable locations is scheduled in each of the next five years.

 

In Canada, the Corporation’s drilling activity level has been modest in recent years and in 2017 consisted of drilling three gross proved plus probable undeveloped locations in Cadogan and three gross proved plus probable undeveloped locations in the Ratcliffe property. These conversions accounted for all of the undeveloped locations assigned within these two properties in 2016. Additional proved plus probable undeveloped locations were assigned in Cadogan (three gross) and Ratcliffe (two gross) as of December 31, 2017. In addition to the Cadogan and Ratcliffe properties, there are also undeveloped reserves assigned in the Giltedge and Medicine Hat Glauc C properties. Neither of these properties saw drilling activity in 2017 but it is anticipated that there will be drilling activity in the properties starting in 2018. Development of the Canadian proved undeveloped reserves is forecast to occur continuously over the next three years, and the development of the proved plus probable undeveloped reserves is forecast to occur over the next four years.

 

SIGNIFICANT FACTORS OR UNCERTAINTIES 

 

Changes in future commodity prices relative to the forecasts described above under "Forecast Prices and Costs" could have a negative impact on the Corporation's reserves, and in particular, on the development of undeveloped reserves, unless future development costs are adjusted in parallel. Other than the foregoing and the factors disclosed or described in the tables above, the Corporation does not anticipate any other significant economic factors or other significant uncertainties which may affect any particular components of its reserves data.

 

In connection with its operations, the Corporation will incur abandonment and reclamation costs for surface leases, wells, facilities and pipelines. The Corporation budgets for and recognizes as a liability the estimated present value of the future decommissioning liabilities associated with its property, plant and equipment. There are no unusually significant abandonment and reclamation costs associated with its reserves properties or properties with no attributed reserves.

 

For further information, see "Risk Factors – The Corporation's actual reserves and resources will vary from its reserves and resources estimates, and those variations could be material".

 

PROVED AND PROBABLE RESERVES NOT ON PRODUCTION

 

The Corporation has approximately 3.9 MMBOE of proved plus probable reserves which are capable of production but which, as of December 31, 2017, were not on production. These reserves have generally been non‑producing for periods ranging from a few months to more than five years. The majority of these reserves are related to reserves volumes associated with water injector conversions in Ante Creek North and incremental polymer flood volumes in Giltedge. The remaining reserves volumes are largely from recently drilled wells which require the completion of infrastructure before production can begin. A minor portion of these reserves is related to commercially producible volumes that are not producing due to production requirements of other reserves formations or zones in the same well bore. These reserves relate to the longer term non-producing periods.

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    29


 

Supplemental Operational Information

SAFETY AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

 

The Corporation has adopted a Safety and Social Responsibility Policy (“S&SR Policy”), which articulates its commitment to health and safety, environmental, stakeholder engagement, and regulatory compliance. The S&SR Policy applies to any activities undertaken by or on behalf of the Corporation in its operating areas. The Corporation’s board of directors and the President & Chief Executive Officer are ultimately accountable for ensuring compliance with the S&SR Policy. The Corporation’s management and its Safety & Social Responsibility department are responsible for ensuring that the S&SR Policy is implemented and communicated across the Corporation. All employees and contractors of the Corporation are responsible for complying with the S&SR Policy. The Safety & Social Responsibility Committee of the Corporation’s board of directors (the “S&SR Committee”) is responsible for overseeing the Corporation’s S&SR performance and ensuring there are adequate systems in place to support ongoing compliance, and to plan and execute the Corporation’s activities in a safe and socially responsible manner.

 

The Corporation strives to develop and operate its oil and natural gas assets in a socially responsible manner and places a high priority on protecting the health and safety of its employees, contractors, and the public in the communities in which it operates, as well as preserving the quality of the environment. The Corporation also encourages active and open collaboration with its stakeholders. The Corporation has established processes and programs designed to evaluate and minimize health, safety, and environmental risks, and strives for continuous improvement in its S&SR performance. The Corporation also actively participates in industry recognized programs that support its sustainability goals. 

 

The S&SR Policy discusses the Corporation's commitment to protect the health and safety of all persons and communities involved in, or affected by, its business activities. Specifically, the S&SR Policy outlines that the Corporation will:

·

promote and support a culture in which all employees and contractors share ownership of a workplace where no one gets injured

·

provide the resources, equipment and training needed to ensure everyone complies with its health and safety programs

·

strive to continually improve its safety culture by integrating applicable industry best practices and operational experience into its health and safety mindset and programs

 

The S&SR Policy also states the Corporation's commitment to the environment and states that the Corporation will:

·

proactively manage its impact on the environment and consider innovative improvement opportunities

·

work to reduce its environmental impact in the areas in which it operates, including reviewing the efficiency of its energy consumption to reduce emissions intensity

·

improve its water and land use practices

·

limit the waste it generates

·

prevent and manage environmental releases

·

provide transparent disclosure

·

provide resources and training to meet its environmental commitments

 

The Corporation's commitment to building meaningful and transparent relationships with its stakeholders is embedded in its S&SR Policy. In addition, the S&SR Policy expresses the Corporation’s commitment to engaging with stakeholders to promote economic and social development for the people and communities in its operating areas.

 

Finally, the Corporation’s commitment to the responsible development of resources and regulatory compliance is stated in its S&SR Policy and Corporate Sustainability Report (the “Report”), which the Corporation publishes annually in accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative international standard. The Report summarizes our environmental, safety, social responsibility and governance performance, and can be found on our website at www.enerplus.com.

 

Health and Safety

 

The Corporation's combined (employee/contractor) recordable injury frequency rate for 2017 was 1.63 injuries per 200,000 man hours, an increase from the rate of 0.81 recorded in 2016. The Corporation's employee recordable injury frequency rate of 0.23 injuries per 200,000 man hours in 2017 decreased from 0.37 injuries per 200,000 man hours in 2016. The Corporation's total contractor recordable injury frequency of 2.64 injuries per 200,000 man hours in 2017 increased from 1.32 injuries per 200,000 man hours in 2016. The Corporation recorded three lost-time injuries in 2017, an increase from two recorded in 2016. The Corporation had zero employee or contractor fatalities in 2017 and 2016.

 

Health and safety risks influence workplace practices, operating costs, and the establishment of regulatory standards. The Corporation maintains a health and safety management system designed to:

·

increase emphasis on safety awareness and promote continuous improvement and safety excellence

·

provide staff with the training and resources needed to complete work safely

30    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

·

incorporate hazard assessment and risk management as an integral part of everyday business

·

monitor performance to ensure that its operations comply with all legal obligations and its internally‑imposed standards

 

The health and safety component of the S&SR management system is reviewed annually for continuous improvement opportunities. Every three years, the Health and Safety Management System is subject to a third‑party audit utilizing the Enform Certificate of Recognition ("COR") Audit Protocol. Maintenance audits against the COR Audit Protocol are conducted each year.

 

The Corporation continues to develop and implement prevention measures and safety management program improvements to support its focus and commitment for an injury‑free workplace.

 

Environment 

 

The Corporation’s operations are subject to applicable laws and regulations relating to the environment. See “Industry Conditions – Environmental Regulation”. The Corporation is committed to meeting its responsibilities to protect the environment through a variety of programs and actively monitors its operations for compliance with all relevant and applicable environmental regulations and industry best practices. The Corporation engages in the following activities:

 

·

Site abandonment and reclamation capital expenditures for the Corporation's Canadian and United States properties in 2017 totaled $12.9 million ($9.8 million on operated properties and $3.1 million on non‑operated properties). The Corporation received 28 reclamation certificates from regulatory agencies in 2017 by returning sites to their previous equivalent land capability.

 

·

The Corporation undertakes third-party environmental compliance audits designed to ensure compliance with environmental legislation and regulations. In 2017,  three environmental compliance audits were completed.

 

·

The Corporation commissions third-party loss prevention audits to identify and evaluate the risk exposures associated with production equipment, process operations, utility supply systems and natural hazards. In 2017, six facilities were audited. The purpose of the loss prevention audits is to generate detailed loss prevention reports with risk-based recommendations for improving the overall safety and performance of our facilities, mitigating the potential exposure to financial loss associated with property damage and production loss, and ensuring the adequacy of our relevant insurance coverage.

 

·

Government regulators conducted 235 inspections of the Corporation’s field operations in the United States and Canada in 2017, in line with the 238 government regulator inspections conducted in 2016. The percentage of noncompliant field inspections received by the Corporation in 2017 was 12%, compared to the 7% noncompliant field inspections received in 2016. This increase was mainly due to the Saskatchewan Ministry of the Economy (ECON) carrying out inspections under its program. Previously ECON performed no inspections. 

 

·

The Corporation continues an internal facility inspection program and completed 22 inspections at major Canadian facilities in 2017. The average score of compliance resulting from the internal inspection program in 2017 was 92% compared to 93% in 2016.

 

·

The Corporation conducts an internal monthly site inspection program at its U.S. and Canadian locations, the focus of which is to assess environmental, regulatory, and general housekeeping items. Findings from the monthly site inspection program are recorded in the Corporation’s internal Sustainability Information Management System.

 

·

The Corporation conducts annual property reviews with specific risk reduction objectives. The Corporation also continues to manage risk through its ongoing pipeline risk assessment process and various other activities, such as inspections of pipelines at water crossings. The Corporation reviews each of its pipeline systems annually. The Corporation continues to incorporate improvements to these programs which are designed to identify and mitigate significant risks, and to decrease the number and severity of pipeline failure incidents.

 

·

The Corporation has estimated its direct emissions in 2017 to be approximately 575,704 carbon dioxide equivalent tonnes per year, which is 11% less than the Corporation's direct emissions in 2016 of 645,950 carbon dioxide equivalent tonnes per year. The estimated numbers will be adjusted as additional data becomes available.

 

·

In 2017, the Corporation completed 28 fugitive emissions surveys at its Canadian facilities and 493 at its U.S. production pad facilities to detect losses from leaks and vents, and is working to repair identified leaks.

 

Greenhouse gas (“GHG”) regulations have been enacted in British Columbia, Alberta and at the federal level in Canada and the United States. In 2017, the Corporation’s only operations with an active carbon tax were in the jurisdiction of British

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    31


 

Columbia. The total carbon tax paid was approximately $0.7 million in 2017. In addition, the Corporation is required to report third-party verified GHG emissions annually to the government of British Columbia pursuant to the Greenhouse Gas Emission Reporting Regulation (the “Reporting Regulation”) enacted under the Greenhouse Gas Industrial Reporting and Control Act (the "Act"). In 2017, the Corporation was not subject to any Canadian federal greenhouse gas emissions reporting requirements as it did not operate facilities above the 10,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (“CO2e“) per year per facility threshold (this limit which came into effect in 2017). For its operations in the United States, the Corporation is subject to the reporting requirement under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the “U.S. EPA”) Clean Air Act and the Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Rule. The latest of these reports was submitted to the U.S. EPA on March 31, 2016 for the 2015 operational year. The report for the 2016 operational year will be submitted on March 31, 2017. For more information on the environmental regulation applicable to the Corporation, see "Industry Conditions – Environmental Regulation”.

 

The S&SR Committee regularly reviews health, safety, environmental and regulatory updates, and risks. At present, the Corporation believes it is, and expects to continue to be, in compliance with all material applicable environmental laws and regulations and has included appropriate amounts in its capital expenditure budget to continue to meet its ongoing environmental obligations.

 

Overall, the Corporation strives to operate in a socially responsible manner and believes its health, safety and environmental initiatives and performance confirm its ongoing commitment to environmental stewardship and the health and safety of its employees, contractors, and the general public in the communities in which it operates. Annually, the Corporation identifies key S&SR focus areas to support this commitment and sets forth strategic improvement targets. The Corporation believes that by monitoring S&SR metrics, identifying areas for improvement and implementing strategies, processes and procedures in those key focus areas, the Corporation will continue to improve its S&SR performance.

 

INSURANCE

 

The Corporation carries insurance coverage to protect its assets at the standards typical within the oil and natural gas industry. Insurance levels are determined and acquired by the Corporation after considering the perceived risk of loss and appropriate coverage, together with the overall cost. The Corporation currently purchases insurance to protect against third party liability, property damage, business interruption, terrorism, cyber-attacks, pollution and well control. In addition, liability coverage is also carried for the directors and officers of the Corporation.

 

PERSONNEL

 

As at December 31, 2017, the Corporation employed a total of 404 persons, including full‑time benefit employees and payroll consultants, 265 of whom were in Canada and 139 of whom were in the United States.

 

32    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

Description of Capital Structure

 

The authorized capital of the Corporation consists of an unlimited number of Common Shares and a number of preferred shares, issuable in series ("Preferred Shares"), which are limited to an amount equal to not more than one‑quarter of the number of issued and outstanding Common Shares at the time of the issuance of any such Preferred Shares. The following is a summary of the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to the Common Shares and the Preferred Shares. Copies of the Corporation's articles of amalgamation, By-law No. 1 and By-law No. 2 were filed on January 2, 2013, June 16, 2014, and May 6, 2016, respectively, on the Corporation's SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com and on the Corporation's EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov.

 

COMMON SHARES

 

Holders of Common Shares are entitled to receive notice of and to attend all meetings of shareholders of the Corporation and to one vote at such meetings for each Common Share held. The holders of the Common Shares are, at the discretion of the Corporation's board of directors and subject to applicable legal restrictions and subject to the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to any other class or series of shares of the Corporation, entitled to receive any dividends declared by the Corporation on the Common Shares and to share in the remaining property of the Corporation upon liquidation, dissolution or winding‑up.

 

The articles of the Corporation, as amended and restated on May 11, 2012, contain provisions facilitating payment of dividends on Common Shares through issuance of Common Shares in circumstances where the board of directors declares, and a shareholder of the Corporation validly elects to receive, the payment of dividends, in whole or in part, in the form of Common Shares. See "Dividends – Stock Dividend Program". 

 

PREFERRED SHARES

 

There are no Preferred Shares outstanding as of the date of this Annual Information Form. Preferred Shares may be issued from time to time in one or more series with such rights, restrictions, privileges, conditions and designations attached thereto as shall be fixed from time to time by the Corporation's board of directors. Subject to the provisions of the ABCA, the Preferred Shares of each series shall rank in parity with the Preferred Shares of every other series. The Preferred Shares shall be entitled to preference over the Common Shares and any other shares of the Corporation ranking junior to the said Preferred Shares with respect to payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding‑up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, to the extent fixed in the case of each respective series, and may also be given such other preferences over the Common Shares and any other shares of the Corporation ranking junior to the said Preferred Shares as may be fixed in the case of each such series.

 

SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN

 

The continuation and amendment and restatement of the Shareholder Rights Plan was approved by shareholders of the Corporation, including by  a requisite number of the Corporation's "Independent Shareholders" (as defined in the Shareholder Rights Plan), at the annual meeting held on May 6, 2016. The continuation of the Shareholder Rights Plan must next be approved by the Corporation's "Independent Shareholders" at the annual meeting of shareholders of the Corporation to be held in 2019, failing which it will expire at the end of such meeting. The Shareholder Rights Plan, under which Computershare Trust Company of Canada acts as rights agent, generally provides that, following the acquisition by any person or entity of 20% or more of the issued and outstanding Common Shares (except pursuant to certain permitted or excepted transactions) and upon the occurrence of certain other events, each holder of Common Shares, other than such acquiring person or entity, shall be entitled to acquire Common Shares at a discounted price. The Shareholder Rights Plan is similar to other shareholder rights plans adopted in the energy sector. A copy of the Shareholder Rights Plan was filed on May 6, 2016 as an "Other material contract" on the Corporation's SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com and on the Corporation's EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov, and is available on the Corporation's website at www.enerplus.com under "Corporate Governance".

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    33


 

SENIOR UNSECURED NOTES

 

Enerplus has issued Senior Unsecured Notes, of which US$511 million and CDN$30 million principal amounts were outstanding at December 31, 2017. Certain terms of the Senior Unsecured Notes are summarized below:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Original

 

Remaining

 

Coupon

 

Interest

 

 

 

 

Issue Date

   

Principal

   

Principal

   

Rate

    

Payment Dates

   

Maturity Date

   

Term

Sept. 3, 2014

 

US$200 million

 

US$105 million

 

3.79

%  

March 3 and September 3

 

Sept.  3, 2026

 

Principal payments required in five equal annual installments beginning September 3, 2022

May 15, 2012

 

CDN$30 million

 

CDN$30 million

 

4.34

%  

May 15 and November 15

 

May 15, 2019

 

Bullet payment on maturity

May 15, 2012

 

US$20 million

 

US$20 million

 

4.40

%  

May 15 and November 15

 

May 15, 2022

 

Bullet payment on maturity

May 15, 2012

 

US$355 million

 

US$298 million

 

4.40

%  

May 15 and November 15

 

May 15, 2024

 

Principal payments required in five equal annual installments beginning May 15, 2020

June 18, 2009

 

US$225 million

 

US$88 million

 

7.97

%  

June 18 and December 18

 

June 18, 2021

 

Principal payments required in four equal annual installments beginning June 18, 2018

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For additional information see "Material Contracts and Documents Affecting the Rights of Securityholders".  See also Note 7 to the Financial Statements.

 

BANK CREDIT FACILITY

 

As of December 31, 2017, the Corporation was undrawn on its $800 million senior unsecured, covenant‑based credit facility with a syndicate of financial institutions maturing October 31, 2020. 

 

For a description of the Bank Credit Facility, see Note 7 to the Corporation's audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. See also "Material Contracts and Documents Affecting the Rights of Securityholders".

 

 

34    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

Dividends

 

DIVIDEND POLICY AND HISTORY

 

The Corporation's board of directors is responsible for determining the dividend policy of the Corporation. The dividend policy must comply with the requirements of the ABCA, including satisfying the solvency test applicable to ABCA corporations. The Corporation has currently established a dividend policy of paying monthly dividends to holders of Common Shares. The dividend record date is on or about the last business day of each calendar month and the corresponding dividend payment date is on or about the 15th day of the following month. However, any decision to pay dividends on the Common Shares will be made by the Corporation's board of directors on the basis of the relevant conditions existing at such future time, and there can be no guarantee that the Corporation will maintain its current dividend policy. Dividend amounts likely will vary, and there can be no assurance as to the level of dividends that will be paid or that any dividends will be paid at all. See "Risk Factors – Dividends on the Corporation's Common Shares are variable". Monthly cash dividends paid to U.S. resident shareholders are converted to U.S. dollars based upon the actual Canadian to U.S. dollar exchange rate on the dividend payment date and, accordingly, shareholders that are not resident in Canada are subject to foreign exchange rate risk on such payments.

 

The table below sets forth the dividends paid or declared by the Corporation in 2015, 2016, 2017  and January through March of 2018:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Month

    

2018

    

2017

    

2016

    

2015

January

 

$

0.01

 

$

0.01

 

$

0.03

 

$

0.09

February

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.03

 

 

0.09

March

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.03

 

 

0.09

April

 

 

N/A

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.05

May

 

 

N/A

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.05

June

 

 

N/A

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.05

July

 

 

N/A

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.05

August

 

 

N/A

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.05

September

 

 

N/A

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.05

October

 

 

N/A

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.05

November

 

 

N/A

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.05

December

 

 

N/A

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.01

 

 

0.03

For certain tax information relating to the dividends paid on the Common Shares for Canadian and U.S. federal income tax purposes, please refer to the Corporation's website at www.enerplus.com.

 

Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding questions relating to the tax treatment of dividends paid by the Corporation. For additional information on potential risks associated with the taxation of dividends paid by the Corporation, see "Risk Factors".

 

STOCK DIVIDEND PROGRAM

 

Effective May 11, 2012, the Corporation implemented a stock dividend program pursuant to which shareholders of the Corporation were able to elect to receive dividends in the form of Common Shares, instead of receiving a cash dividend, issued at a deemed price of 95% of the five-day weighted average trading price of the Common Shares on the TSX immediately prior to the applicable dividend payment date. Effective with the April 2014 dividend, the Corporation elected to eliminate the 5% discount applied to determine the number of Common Shares issued pursuant to the stock dividend program. Effective September 19, 2014, the board of directors of the Corporation suspended the stock dividend program to eliminate the dilution associated with the issuance of Common Shares through the program. 

 

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    35


 

Industry Conditions

 

OVERVIEW 

 

The Corporation, and the oil and natural gas industry generally, is subject to extensive controls and regulation governing its operations (including land tenure, exploration, development, production, refining, transportation, marketing, remediation, abandonment and reclamation) imposed by legislation enacted by various levels of government. The Corporation and the oil and natural gas industry are also subject to agreements among the various federal, state and provincial governments with respect to pricing and taxation of oil and natural gas. Although it is not expected any of these controls, regulations or agreements will affect the Corporation's operations in a manner materially different than they would affect other oil and gas producers in similar operating areas, the controls, regulations and agreements should be considered carefully by investors in the oil and gas industry. All current legislation is a matter of public record and the Corporation is unable to predict what additional legislation or amendments may be enacted. Outlined below are some of the principal aspects of legislation, regulations and agreements governing the Corporation’s participation in the oil and gas industry that are applicable to the Corporation’s operations.

 

The Corporation owns oil and natural gas properties and related assets in the United States (Montana, North Dakota, Pennsylvania and Colorado) and Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan and British Columbia). The Corporation's oil and natural gas operations are regulated by a wide range of administrative agencies under statutory provisions of the states and provinces where such operations are conducted, by certain agencies of the federal government for operations on U.S. federal leases and, in some cases, by local agencies. These provisions regulate matters such as the exploration for and production of crude oil and natural gas, including rules related to permits for the drilling of wells, bonding requirements to drill or operate wells, the location of wells, the method of drilling and casing wells, the surface use and restoration of properties upon which wells are drilled, and the abandonment of wells. The Corporation's operations are also subject to various conservation laws and regulations in respect of matters such as the size of drilling and spacing units or proration units, the number of wells which may be drilled in an area, and the unitization or pooling of crude oil and natural gas properties. In addition, conservation laws sometimes establish maximum rates of production from crude oil and natural gas wells, generally prohibit or limit the venting or flaring of natural gas and associated liquids, and impose certain requirements regarding the rateability or fair apportionment of production from fields and individual wells. As well, the Corporation is required to disclose payments made to governments of all levels, including First Nations, in both Canada and the U.S. as part of a transparency reporting initiative legislated by the Canadian government

 

PRICING AND MARKETING OF CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS

 

In the United States and Canada, producers of crude oil negotiate sales contracts directly with crude oil purchasers. Most agreements are linked to continental or global oil prices, which are set by daily, weekly and monthly physical and financial transactions for crude oil around the world.  Those prices are primarily based on overall fundamentals of supply and demand. Specific prices depend, in part, on crude oil quality, prices of competing fuels, distance to markets, access to downstream transportation, the value of refined products, the supply/demand balance and other contractual terms. 

 

Producers of natural gas in the United States and Canada are free to negotiate prices and other terms with purchasers, provided export contracts meet certain criteria. In relation to U.S. exports, this would include restrictions on export licenses imposed by the United States Department of Energy, and in Canada, criteria prescribed by the National Energy Board and the Government of Canada. The prices depend, in part, on natural gas quality, prices of competing natural gas and other fuels, distance to the market, access to downstream transportation, length of contract term, seasonal factors, weather conditions, the value of refined products, the supply/demand balance and other contractual terms. In the United States, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission regulates interstate natural gas rates and service conditions, which affect the marketing of natural gas, as well as revenues producers receive for sales of natural gas. Intrastate natural gas transportation service is also subject to regulation by state regulatory agencies. 

 

Internationally, prices for crude oil and natural gas fluctuate in response to changes in the supply and demand for crude oil and natural gas, market uncertainty and a variety of other factors beyond the Corporation's control.  Since mid-2014, crude oil and natural gas prices experienced significant volatility in response to a variety of factors including, among others, the increase in the global supply of crude oil and the decision by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) in 2016 to lower production levels and manage supply in response to such increase.  See "Risk Factors – Oil and natural gas prices are volatile. An extended period of low oil and natural gas prices could have a material effect on the Corporation's business, results of operations or cash flows and financial condition". In addition, crude oil and natural gas producers in some areas of North America, such as the Marcellus area in Pennsylvania and Alberta, currently receive significantly discounted prices for their production relative to certain continental and/or international prices due to constraints on the ability to transport and sell their products to national and, in some cases, international markets due to lack of infrastructure capacity from those regions.  See "Risk Factors – Lack of adequately developed infrastructure, and the impact of special interest groups on such development, may result in a decline in the Corporation's ability to market oil and natural gas production". 

36    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

 

ROYALTIES AND INCENTIVES 

 

In addition to federal regulations, each province in Canada and each U.S. state has legislation and regulations which govern oil and gas holdings and land tenure, royalties, production rates, environmental protection and other matters. In all Canadian jurisdictions, producers of oil and natural gas are required to pay annual rentals and royalties in respect of Crown leases, and royalties and freehold production taxes in respect of oil and natural gas produced from freehold lands. In all U.S. jurisdictions, producers of oil and natural gas are typically required to make annual rental payments in respect of federal, state and freehold leases until production begins. Upon commencement of production, royalties and production taxes are paid in respect of oil and natural gas produced from federal, state and freehold lands. Producers on U.S. Indian leases are required to make annual rental payments regardless of well production, in addition to other fixed fees for land improvement, on a per well basis. The applicable royalty and production tax regime is a significant factor in the profitability of oil and natural gas production. Royalties payable on production from lands other than Crown‑owned lands in Canada and federal and state lands in the U.S. are determined by negotiations between the freehold mineral owner and the lessee. Crown royalties in Canada, and federal, U.S. Indian, and state royalties and production taxes in the U.S. are determined by government regulation and are generally calculated as a percentage of the value of the gross production. The rate of royalties payable generally depends in part on prescribed reference prices, well productivity, geographical location, field discovery date and the type or quality of the petroleum product produced. Other royalties and royalty‑like interests are from time to time carved out of the working interest owner's interest through non‑public transactions. These are often referred to as overriding royalties, gross overriding royalties or net profits or net carried interests.

 

From time to time, the federal and provincial governments in Canada and the federal and state governments in the U.S. have established incentive programs which have included royalty rate or production tax reductions (including for specific wells), royalty holidays and tax credits for the purpose of encouraging oil and natural gas exploration or enhanced planning projects. If applicable, oil and natural gas royalty holidays, reductions and tax credits would effectively reduce the amount of royalties paid by oil and gas producers to the applicable governmental entities.

 

LAND TENURE 

 

Crude oil and natural gas located in the western Canadian provinces are owned predominantly by the respective provincial governments. Provincial governments grant rights to explore for and produce oil and natural gas pursuant to leases, licences and permits for varying periods and on conditions set forth in provincial legislation including requirements to perform specific work or make payments. Oil and natural gas located in such provinces can also be privately owned, and rights to explore for and produce such oil and natural gas are granted by lease on such terms and conditions as may be negotiated.

 

Crude oil and natural gas located in the U.S. is predominantly owned by private owners. The U.S. Department of the Interior - Bureau of Land Management ("BLM"), and the state in which the minerals are located also may hold ownership to such rights. These owners, from governmental bodies to private individuals, grant rights to explore for and produce oil and gas pursuant to leases, licenses and permits for varying periods and on conditions including requirements to perform specific work or make payments. As to those rights held by private owners, all terms and conditions may be negotiated. For those rights held by governmental agencies, typically the terms and conditions of the oil and gas lease have been predetermined by each governing or regulatory body. Substantially all of the leaseholds currently owned by the Corporation in the U.S. have been granted through private individuals.

 

The majority of the Corporation's operations in North Dakota take place on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation ("FBIR") and involve allotee lands, which are lands that are administered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs ("BIA") but owned by individual band members. As such, these operations are governed by both state and federal regulations. U.S. federal departments such as the BIA, the BLM, and the U.S. EPA enforce the federal regulations. Federal U.S. regulations may differ significantly from regulations generally applicable to non‑federally regulated lands and, as a consequence, may result in the slowing, or halting of, the Corporation's developments on the FBIR.

 

A lease generally may be continued after the initial term provided certain minimum levels of exploration or production have been achieved and all lease rentals have been timely paid, subject to certain exceptions. To develop minerals, including oil and natural gas, it is necessary for the mineral estate owner to have access to the surface estate. Under common law, the mineral estate is considered the "dominant" estate with the right to extract minerals subject to reasonable use of the surface. Each jurisdiction has developed and adopted its own statutes that operators must follow both prior to drilling and following drilling, including notification requirements and the obligation to provide compensation for lost land use and surface damage. The surface rights required for pipelines and facilities are generally governed by leases, easements, rights‑of‑way, permits or licenses granted by landowners or governmental authorities.

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    37


 

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION  

 

The Corporation is subject to the applicable municipal, provincial, state and federal environmental laws and regulations in its operating areas in both Canada and the U.S. These requirements provide for environmental protection and apply restrictions and prohibitions regarding disturbances and releases or emissions of various substances produced or utilized in association with oil and gas industry operations. With respect to a property designated as a contaminated site, environmental laws may impose remediation obligations upon certain responsible persons, which include persons responsible for the substance causing the contamination, persons who caused release of the substance and any past or present owner, tenant, or other person in possession of the site. In addition, legislation requires that well, pipeline and facility sites are abandoned and reclaimed to the satisfaction of the applicable authorities. Compliance with these requirements can involve significant expenditures. A breach of such requirements may result in the imposition of material fines and penalties, the suspension or revocation of necessary licenses and authorizations, civil liability for pollution damage or the issuance of clean‑up orders. See “Risk Factors – The Corporation's operation of oil and natural gas wells could subject it to environmental costs, claims and liabilities, including those related to climate change, as well as public opposition and activism”.

 

British Columbia

 

In British Columbia, all oil and gas operations, including exploration, development, pipeline transportation and reclamation are overseen by the British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission (“BCOGC”), primarily through the Oil and Gas Activities Act. The BCOGC also oversees compliance with a variety of environmentally-related statutes, including the Forest Act,  Heritage Conservation Act,  Land Act,  Environmental Management Act and the Water Act

 

Alberta

 

In Alberta, the Alberta Energy Regulator (“AER”) is the single regulator of energy development in Alberta and oversees all aspects of the regulatory process, including application and exploration, construction and development, abandonment, reclamation, and remediation activities. The AER oversees compliance with the Oil and Gas Conservation Act,  Public Lands Act and the Mines and Minerals Act, the Water Act and the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act by oil and gas operators.

 

Saskatchewan

 

In Saskatchewan, oil and gas exploration is overseen directly by the government.  More particularly, environmental regulation is governed by the Saskatchewan Environmental Code, which prescribes applicable levels of emissions without mandating express measures to achieve such levels.

 

United States

 

In the United States, oil and gas operations are regulated at the federal, state, county, and tribal levels of government. At the federal level, well planning and permitting is primarily regulated by the BLM and the BIA for operations on public and tribal lands under the Federal Land Policy and Management Act and the National Environmental Policy Act. Environmental conservation and cultural and natural resources protection at the federal level are administered by numerous agencies under multiple statutes.

 

Planning, permitting and compliance related to environmental media protection and contaminants at the federal level are administered by the U.S. EPA, or by various states whose programs have been granted primacy by the U.S. EPA. The U.S. EPA governs federal legislation, including the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (other than oil and gas exempt wastes), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, the Oil Pollution Act, the Emergency Planning and Community Right‑to‑Know Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act and Federal Executive Orders.

 

The Corporation’s U.S. operations are subject to various regulations, including those relating to well permits, linear facilities, hydraulic fracturing, underground injection, and setbacks (buffers) for environmental protection, imposed by several state agencies regulating oil and gas activities. In addition to the agencies that directly regulate oil and gas operations, there are other state and local conservation and environmental protection agencies that regulate air quality, water quality, aquatic biology, wildlife, visual quality, transportation, noise, spills and incidents and transportation.

 

Additional regulations affecting the Corporation's U.S. operations include: (i) the Federal Implementation Plan for Oil and Natural Gas Well Production Facilities, Fort Berthold Indian Reservation (Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nations), North Dakota, and (ii) the Standards of Performance for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production, Transmission, and Distribution. These regulations provide emission control requirements for the Corporation's U.S. assets, as well as increased monitoring, recordkeeping, reporting, and regulatory oversight.

 

38    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

At the request of Congress, in 2011 the U.S. EPA began research under its Plan to Study the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources. The purpose of the study was to assess the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources, and to identify the driving factors that may affect the severity and frequency of such impacts. The U.S. EPA published the final report in December 2016.  The report did not identify systemic or widespread impacts to groundwater from hydraulic fracturing.

 

The BLM, which regulates oil and gas operations located on federal and tribal lands, including the Corporation’s Fort Berthold operations, published its final hydraulic fracturing rules on March 26, 2015. Certain industry participants have objected to the proposed rules on various bases. On June 21, 2016, a federal District Court struck down the rules, concluding that the BLM had exceeded its regulatory authority with the new rules. BLM has filed an appeal to the decision, which is currently ongoing. 

 

All U.S. states in which the Corporation operates have regulations on hydraulic fracturing disclosure. The Corporation utilizes the internet‑based chemical registry FracFocus both in Canada and the U.S. for posting of the required disclosure information.  In the U.S., FracFocus is operated by the Ground Water Protection Council, a group of state water officials, and the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission, an association of oil and gas producing states. The online registry was created in 2011, in response, at least in part, to concerns from landowners about the chemical content of fracturing fluids that were being injected into oil and gas wells on their land as well as adjacent properties. FracFocus is widely accepted among the oil and gas industry, and the Corporation utilizes the registry in all states and provinces in which it operates. Currently, FracFocus lists over 700 companies as registry participants.

 

Implementation of more stringent environmental regulations on the Corporation's U.S. operations could affect the capital and operating expenditures and plans for the Corporation's U.S. operations. The Corporation minimizes the potential of these impacts to U.S. operations in many ways, including through participation and membership in trade organizations such as North Dakota Petroleum Council, Montana Petroleum Association, Independent Petroleum Association of America and Western Energy Alliance. In addition, the Corporation participates directly in legislative hearings, rulemaking processes, meetings with state officials and local stakeholder groups, and provides both written and verbal comment on proposed legislation and regulations. As in Canada, the Corporation's U.S. operations endeavour to carry out its activities and operations in compliance with all relevant and applicable environmental regulations and good industry practice.

 

In July of 2014, the North Dakota Industrial Commission (“NDIC”) finalized a rule that imposes restrictions on the flaring of gas. The rule establishes gas capture rates that must be met by operators to avoid the imposition of crude oil production curtailments. These gas capture rates went into effect in October 2014 and gas capture efficiencies have increased per the required timelines set out by the NDIC. The need for an operator to flare gas primarily stems from the fact that the rate of oil and gas development in North Dakota currently outpaces the construction of gas gathering and processing infrastructure. This situation is the result of various factors, including delays in obtaining right of way approvals, which is particularly cumbersome with respect to operations taking place on FBIR due to the application of additional regulatory requirements. The Corporation is working diligently with its midstream partner and the regulators to expand gas gathering capacity and increase gas capture rates. One measure being taken is the installation of NGL processing skids which are being used to extract NGLs from gas that would have otherwise been flared. See “Risk Factors -  Higher than expected declines or curtailments in the Corporation’s production due to environmental regulations, and third party operational business practices could have an adverse effect on results of operations or cash flows and financial condition”. The Corporation received no NDIC orders to curtail crude oil production in 2017 and has consistently exceeded regulatory established gas capture rates since January 2015.

 

In December of 2014, NDIC adopted conditioning standards aimed at improving the safety of crude oil when transported. The regulation focuses on ensuring that produced crude oil is sufficiently conditioned at the well site to remove volatility characteristics that might pose unreasonable transportation hazards, regardless of the mode of transportation utilized. The standards, which require quarterly sampling and analysis, became effective during the second quarter of 2015. The Corporation has been in compliance with NDIC conditioning standards requirements since their inception and throughout 2017.

 

In 2016, the U.S. EPA finalized three air quality regulations potentially affecting the Corporation. Two of the regulations are related to administrative permitting actions, which pose no additional operational costs for the Corporation. The third rule sets out additional emission control requirements for oil and gas sources. While the Corporation is now largely in compliance with these additional emission control requirements, there may be a risk of non-compliance when the rule is promulgated as final.

 

In addition, on November 17, 2016, the BLM finalized revisions to various rules pertaining to the measurement of oil and gas and site security requirements, which had not been updated for nearly 30 years. The Corporation has been active, along with its industry partners, in these rulemaking processes and does not expect significant business impacts from these changes. The BLM also finalized new rules on the venting and flaring of produced gas on November 18, 2016, which imposed further limits on natural gas flaring, required additional gas leak detection and repair, as well as provided further

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    39


 

clarification on associated royalty obligations. Many of the requirements set out in the rules are duplicative of existing state and U.S. EPA requirements that are already applicable to the Corporation. 

 

Climate change legislation

 

Climate change regulation at each of the provincial, state and federal levels has the potential to significantly affect the oil and gas industry regulatory environment and impose significant financial obligations.

 

Both Canada and the U.S. were part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (“UNFCCC”) meeting in Paris in 2015. A binding commitment was signed by all panel countries that set a target of no more than a two-degree Celsius warming of the earth based on GHG levels in the atmosphere. This commitment to limit warming may increase provincial, state and federal GHG regulatory rigour as country-level emissions will be reviewed periodically in subsequent meetings to assess alignment with the targets agreed upon. In June of 2017 the U.S. announced its intention to withdraw from the Paris Agreement.

 

The Government of Canada is working towards this target on a sector by sector basis, but has yet to finalize regulations pertaining to the oil and gas sector. As part of its commitment under the Paris Agreement, the Canadian government developed the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change (“Framework”) in 2016, together with provincial (except Saskatchewan and Manitoba) and territorial leaders in consultation with Canada’s Indigenous Peoples, to meet Canada’s emission target while enabling economic growth.

 

Under the Framework, the federal government will require all jurisdictions to have a carbon price, starting at $10 per tonne in 2018 and rising by $10 per year to $50 per tonne in 2022. Jurisdictions can implement: (i) an explicit price-based system (such as the carbon tax adopted by British Columbia or the carbon levy and performance-based emissions system adopted in Alberta), or (ii) a cap-and-trade system (which has been adopted in Ontario and Quebec). Within these programs, provinces have discretion to manage competitiveness of their trade-exposed industries. In early 2018 the Government of Canada released its legislative proposal for the federal carbon pricing system, entitled the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act (“GHGPPA”). The GHGPPA is only intended to act as a regulatory backstop in the event a province or territory does not otherwise implement an adequate GHG regime. It is currently unclear what impact the GHGPPA will have on the Corporations’ operations, particularly in Saskatchewan.

 

To complement carbon pricing, a Clean Fuel Standard with the objective of achieving annual reductions of 30 Mt of GHG emissions by 2030 is being developed by the federal government. The standard would require reductions in the carbon footprint of the fuels supplied in Canada, based on life cycle analysis. The approach will not differentiate between crude oil types produced in or imported into Canada. This standard is expected to apply to a broad suite of fuels used in transportation, industry, homes and buildings; however, as the standard is currently under development with regulations not anticipated to be enacted until mid-2019, the Corporation is unable to predict the impact it will have.

 

The Canadian federal government has also announced a methane reduction strategy with proposed implementation in two stages:  Stage 1 (leak detection and repair, completions and compressors) in 2020 and Stage 2 (venting and pneumatics) in 2023.  Although there may be significant costs associated with compliance, more details regarding the proposed strategy are required before impacts on the Corporation’s operations can be determined.

 

In 2008, the Province of British Columbia instituted a carbon tax that applies to all fuel users and purchasers in the province. The tax is currently capped at $30/tonne of CO2e until April of 2018 when it will rise annually by $5/tonne. Under the Reporting Regulation, facility operators are required to submit third party verified GHG emissions annually to the Province. See "Supplemental Operational Information – Safety and Social Responsibility – Environment". The Province of British Columbia is in discussions with stakeholders and partners of the Western Climate Initiative to develop a regional cap and trade program. The Corporation is unable to estimate the future potential compliance costs of this program without a carbon price or an allocation of emission allowances. However, given the Corporation's current hydrocarbon production levels in British Columbia and a current price of carbon offsets in the marketplace of approximately $30 per tonne of CO2e, the Corporation does not expect such costs to be material.

 

Effective as of January 1, 2017, the Province of Alberta enacted the Climate Leadership Act, which imposes a carbon levy on consumers for all GHG emissions arising from the combustion of fuels for heating and transportation. In 2017 the levy was $20/tonne of CO2e emissions. As of January 1, 2018, the levy increased to $30 per tonne of CO2e emissions. In addition, the Province of Alberta has established a reduction goal of 45% for methane gas emissions by 2025, and will mandate prescriptive measures to reduce methane in methane venting equipment, which include increased fugitive leak detection inspections. This is in alignment with federal methane emissions reduction regulations that are currently in draft form. The Corporation may incur increased costs to facilities due to equipment retrofits, increased measurement and reporting work, and higher frequency of fugitive leak inspections. Alberta also has emission reduction targets for large emitters (e.g., 100,000 tonnes of CO2e per year at a single facility). Currently, the Corporation does not operate any facility classed within this large emitter category.

 

40    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

In May of 2009 the Province of Saskatchewan announced The Management and Reduction of Greenhouse Gases Act (“GHG Act”). The GHG Act received royal assent in May of 2010, and certain, but not all portions were proclaimed in force as of January 1, 2018. Regulations under the GHG Act have yet to be proclaimed. The Government of Saskatchewan has publicly stated that it believes innovation and technological development offers the greatest potential for significant improvements in global GHG emissions, while causing the least harm to the province’s economy and it will only move ahead on plans for a fund supported by a levy on large emitters, when its resource economy strengthens. In December of 2017, the Government of Saskatchewan released a climate change strategy entitled: “A Made in Saskatchewan Climate Change Strategy”. Pursuant to that Strategy, the GHG Act is intended to apply to all facilities that emit over 25,000 tonnes of CO2e per annum.

 

Although the United States announced its withdrawal from the Paris Agreement in June of 2017, federally the US EPA has issued GHG emissions regulations pursuant to the Clean Air Act that establish a reporting program for CO2, methane and other GHG emissions. It has also established a permitting program for certain large GHG emissions sources. While the United States Congress has considered numerous legislative initiatives to reduce or tax GHG emissions, to date no laws in that regard have been enacted. On a state level, some states have enacted laws concerning GHG emissions. However, many of them are being challenged.

 

The Corporation believes that it is, and expects to continue to be, in material compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations and is committed to meeting its responsibilities to protect the environment wherever it operates or holds working interests. The Corporation anticipates that this compliance may result in increased costs of both a capital and expense nature as a result of increasingly stringent laws relating to the protection of the environment. The Corporation believes that it is reasonably likely that the trend in environmental legislation and regulation will continue toward stricter standards. See "Risk Factors – The Corporation's operation of oil and natural gas wells could subject it to environmental costs, claims and liabilities, including those related to climate change, as well as public opposition and activism” and "Risk Factors – Government regulations and required regulatory approvals and compliance may adversely impact the Corporation's operations and result in increased operating and capital costs".

 

WORKER SAFETY

 

The Corporation’s oilfield operations must be carried out in accordance with safe work procedures, rules and policies contained in applicable safety legislation. Such legislation requires that every employer ensures the health and safety of all persons at any of its work sites and all workers engaged in the work of that employer. The legislation, which provides for incident reporting procedures, also requires every employer to ensure all of its employees are aware of their duties and responsibilities under the applicable legislation. Penalties under applicable occupational health and safety legislation include significant fines and incarceration. The Corporation is currently in compliance with applicable safety legislation.

 

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    41


 

Risk Factors

 

The following risk factors, together with other information contained in this Annual Information Form, should be carefully considered before investing in the Corporation. Each of these risks may negatively affect the trading price of the Common Shares or the amount of dividends that may, from time to time and at the discretion of the Corporation's board of directors, be declared and paid by the Corporation to its shareholders.  As stated above, references to “natural gas” refer to both natural gas and shale gas, unless otherwise specified.

 

Oil and natural gas prices are volatile. An extended period of low oil and natural gas prices could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation's business, results of operations or cash flows and financial condition.

 

The Corporation's results of operations and financial condition are dependent on the prices it receives for the oil and natural gas it produces and sells. Oil and natural gas prices have fluctuated widely during recent years and may continue to be volatile in the future. These price fluctuations have been in response to a variety of factors beyond the Corporation's control, including: 

·

global energy supply and demand, production and policies, including the ability of OPEC to set, maintain, and reduce production levels to influence prices for crude oil

·

political conditions, including the risk of hostilities in the Middle East and global terrorism

·

global and domestic economic conditions, including currency fluctuations

·

the level of consumer demand, including demand for different qualities and types of crude oil and liquids

·

the production and storage levels of North American natural gas and crude oil and the supply and price of imported oil and liquefied natural gas

·

weather conditions

·

the proximity of reserves and resources to, and capacity of, transportation facilities and the availability of refining, processing and fractionation capacity

·

the ability, considering regulation, taxation, and market demand, to export oil and liquefied natural gas and NGLs from North America

·

the effect of world‑wide energy conservation and greenhouse gas reduction measures and the price and availability of alternative fuels

·

existing and proposed changes to government regulations

 

Oil and natural gas producers in North America currently receive significantly discounted prices for some of their production due to regional constraints on the ability to transport and sell such production to international markets. Additionally, limited natural gas and NGLs processing capacity may result in producers not realizing the full price for liquids associated with their natural gas production. The inability to resolve such constraints may result in continued reduced commodity prices received by oil and natural gas producers such as the Corporation.

 

Future declines in crude oil and/or natural gas prices, or an extended low commodity price environment, may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation's operations and cash flows, financial condition, borrowing ability, levels of reserves and resources and the level of expenditures for the development of the Corporation's oil and natural gas reserves or resources. Certain oil or natural gas wells may become or remain uneconomic to proceed with as part of the Corporation’s exploration or development plans or projects if commodity prices are low, thereby impacting the Corporation's production volumes. Low prices may also impact the Corporation’s desire to market its production under unsatisfactory market conditions. Alternatively, due to regulatory or contractual obligations, the Corporation may be required to produce from or develop certain properties to fulfill its obligations despite unsatisfactory market conditions for marketing of any production therefrom, increasing the risk of financial losses. Furthermore, the Corporation may be subject to the decisions of third party operators who, independently and using different economic parameters than the Corporation, may decide to curtail or shut-in jointly owned production.

 

An increase in capital or operating costs could have a material adverse effect on results of operations or cash flows and financial condition.

 

Higher capital or operating costs associated with the Corporation's operations will directly impact its capital efficiencies and/or decrease the amount of the Corporation's cash flow. Capital costs of completions, specifically the costs of proppant, pumper services, and operating costs such as electricity, chemicals, supplies, energy services and labour costs, are a few of the Corporation's costs that are susceptible to material fluctuation. Although the Corporation has a portion of its 2018 capital and operating costs protected with existing agreements, changing regulatory conditions, such as those in the U. S. requiring certain raw materials, such as steel, for use in U.S. businesses to be sourced from the U.S.,  or that goods and/or services be procured from specific vendors or classes of vendors, may result in higher than expected supply costs for the Corporation.

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Government regulations and required regulatory approvals and compliance may adversely impact the Corporation's operations and result in increased operating and capital costs.

 

The oil and gas industry operates under federal, provincial, state and municipal legislation and regulation governing such matters as royalties, land tenure, prices, production rates, various environmental protection controls, well and facility design and operation, income, the exportation of crude oil, natural gas and other products, as well as other matters. The industry is also subject to regulation by governments in such matters as the awarding or acquisition of exploration and production rights, the imposition of specific drilling obligations, control over the development and abandonment of fields (including restrictions on production), restrictions on the combustion of natural gas, and possibly expropriation or cancellation of contract rights. See "Industry Conditions". To the extent the Corporation fails to comply with applicable government regulations or regulatory approvals, the Corporation may be subject to compliance and enforcement actions that are either remedial, which are intended to fix the noncompliance and any related impacts, or punitive, which are intended to deter future noncompliance. Such actions include fines or fees, notices of noncompliance, warnings, orders, administrative sanctions, and prosecution. In addition, obstructive tactics which could prevent certain measures from being voted upon in the United States Senate, or any government action resulting in a prolonged government shutdown, may impact the Corporation as a result of its inability to obtain regulatory and other approvals.

 

Government regulations may be changed from time to time in response to economic or political conditions. Additionally, the Corporation's entry into new jurisdictions and its adoption of new technology may attract additional regulatory oversight which could result in higher costs or require changes to proposed operations.  U.S. federal and state and Canadian federal and provincial governments continue to scrutinize the usage and disposal of chemicals and water used in fracturing procedures in the oil and gas industry, while certain states, such as New York, have called for bans on oil and gas drilling using hydraulic fracturing. More activity by the Corporation on Indian lands, such as the current activity in North Dakota, may also increase compliance obligations under local or tribal rules. The exercise of discretion by governmental authorities under existing regulations, the implementation of new regulations or the modification of existing regulations affecting the crude oil and natural gas industry could negatively impact the development of oil and gas properties and assets, reduce demand for crude oil and natural gas or impose increased costs on oil and gas companies, any of which could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation.

 

Additionally, various levels of Canadian and U.S. governments are considering, or have implemented, legislation to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, including volatile organic compounds. See "Industry Conditions – Environmental Regulation" for a description of these initiatives. Because the Corporation's operations emit various types of greenhouse gases, such new legislation or regulation could increase the costs related to operating and maintaining the Corporation's facilities, and could require it to install new emission controls on its facilities, acquire allowances for its greenhouse gas emissions, shut-in production, pay taxes, fees and other penalties related to its greenhouse gas emissions, and administer and manage a greenhouse gas emissions program. Currently, the Corporation is not able to estimate such increased costs; however, they could be material. Any of the foregoing could have adverse effects on the Corporation's business, financial position, results of operations and prospects.

 

Higher than expected declines or curtailments in the Corporation’s production due to environmental regulations, and third party operational business practices could have an adverse effect on results of operations or cash flows and financial condition.

 

Continued industry production growth for any of its products may exceed the capacity of existing pipeline infrastructure until debottlenecking is undertaken or completed. During such periods, regional prices may decline to levels where the Corporation considers curtailing production, or using alternate shipping methods, such as rail for crude oil, that may result in higher costs and lower netbacks. Specifically, with regard to Pennsylvania production, although regional pipeline capacity has increased over the past several years, sales gas infrastructure capacity in northeastern Pennsylvania may continue to be constrained relative to the amount of natural gas that can be produced. These constraints, combined with the ongoing volatility in oil and natural gas prices, may result in  potential production curtailment of the Corporation’s production.

 

As a result of the foregoing, the Corporation may be required to curtail or shut-in production, which could damage a reservoir and potentially prevent the Corporation from achieving production and operating levels that were in place prior to the curtailment or shutting-in of the reservoir. In addition, these lower levels of production could result in a material reduction to the Corporation’s cash flow, or may result in the Corporation incurring additional operating and capital costs for the well(s) to achieve prior production levels.

 

Lack of adequately developed infrastructure, and the impact of special interest groups on such development, may result in a decline in the Corporation's ability to market oil and natural gas production.

 

The Corporation's business depends in part upon the availability, proximity, and capacity of oil and natural gas gathering systems, pipelines and/or rail transportation systems and processing facilities to provide access to markets for its production. U.S. federal and state, as well as Canadian federal and provincial regulation of oil and natural gas production and processing and transportation could adversely affect the Corporation's ability to produce and market oil,  natural gas 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    43


 

and NGLs. Special interest groups could also oppose infrastructure development, resulting in delays or even cancellation of the required infrastructure, further impeding the Corporation’s ability to produce and market its products. In addition, the assets of the Corporation are concentrated in regions with varying levels of government regulations, or under local or tribal rules that could result in the imposition of a limit or ban on shipping of commodities by truck, pipeline or rail.

 

OIL AND NATURAL GAS GATHERING SYSTEMS

 

As new resource plays are developed, their development generally results in a sharp increase in the volume of oil and natural gas production being produced in the area, which could exceed government regulated gas capture requirements, or the existing capacity of the various gathering system infrastructure. The Corporation relies on the timely construction of adequate gathering systems that allow its crude oil and natural gas production to be transported from the wellhead to existing and/or new sales infrastructure systems, such as pipelines or rail terminals.

 

The pace at which producer or midstream companies can construct adequate gathering infrastructure to capture the natural gas associated with the development of crude oil and NGLs properties may have an impact on the Corporation’s ability to increase crude oil production in its producing regions. Additionally, as exploration and drilling in these regions increases, the amount of natural gas being produced by the Corporation and others could exceed the capacity of the various gathering pipelines available in those areas. If these constraints remain unresolved, the Corporation's ability to transport its production to sales pipelines in these regions may be impaired and could adversely impact the Corporation's production volumes or realized prices in these areas.

 

SALES PIPELINES AND RAIL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

 

Oil and natural gas producers in certain regions of North America, and particularly in the Marcellus region of the United States and in Canada, receive significantly discounted prices relative to benchmark prices for their production due to constraints on the ability to transport and sell such production to domestic and international markets. While the third-party pipeline and railroad companies generally expand capacity to meet market needs, there can be differences in timing between the growth of production and the growth of sales pipeline and rail capacity. This is currently the case with natural gas sales pipelines in Pennsylvania, Alberta and British Columbia, as there is generally inadequate sales pipeline capacity to transport natural gas production out of the regions, resulting in potential volume curtailments and low regional natural gas prices. To a lesser extent this risk exists with natural gas sales pipeline capacity in North Dakota and several proposed crude oil pipeline expansion projects in other parts of the United States and Western Canada. Unfavourable economic conditions or financing terms, as well as significant delays in the regulatory approval process, may defer or prevent the completion of certain pipeline projects, gathering systems or railway projects that are planned for such areas. There may also be operational or economic reasons, including but not limited to maintenance activities, for curtailing transportation capacity. In addition, there could be legal or regulatory challenges by third parties on existing sales pipelines, which could impact a pipeline’s ability to provide services to shippers. Accordingly, there can be periods where transportation capacity is insufficient to accommodate all the production from a given region, causing added expense and/or volume curtailments for all shippers. To the extent that the transportation capacity becomes insufficient in areas where the Corporation operates, the Corporation may have to defer the development of, curtail production from or shut-in wells awaiting a pipeline connection or other available transportation capacity, and/or sell its production at lower prices than it would otherwise realize or it had projected to realize. This would adversely affect the Corporation's results of, and cash flow from, operations.

 

The Corporation transports its crude oil production by a diverse mix of pipeline, trucking and, on occasion, rail (after title is transferred to the buyer’s name), all of which are subject to various risks of cost escalation and/or new costs. In certain regions the Corporation is currently dependent upon only one means of transportation. With respect to rail transportation, there may be future incremental costs associated with transporting, and there is a risk that access to rail transport may be constrained, depending upon changes made to existing rail transport regulations. More stringent government regulations concerning the usage of certain types of tank cars that transport crude oil and NGLs by rail in the United States and Canada have been enacted, and this could increase the cost of utilizing rail to transport crude oil and/or NGLs. In addition, oil and natural gas volumes being shipped by pipelines are required to meet certain quality specifications, which vary by pipeline. Should crude oil,  natural gas or NGLs quality specifications fail to be met by a producer that is shipping volumes on a pipeline, the pipeline could shut down or curtail volumes of other producers shipping on that pipeline. Any shut down or curtailment on pipelines shipping volumes of the Corporation’s production may impact the Corporation’s ability to reach its intended market, or deliver fully on its obligations.

 

ACCESS TO PROCESSING FACILITIES

 

NGLs production requires processing at fractionation facilities to separate the liquids stream into individual saleable products. The Corporation and the industry rely on the addition of adequate fractionation capacity to ensure the timely and economic processing of NGLs and the continued production of crude oil and natural gas associated with those liquids. Limited natural gas processing capacity in certain regions may result in producers not realizing the full price for NGLs associated with their natural gas production.

 

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Crude oil and natural gas production requires processing at certain facilities in order to be transported on regional pipeline systems. The Corporation and the industry rely on the addition of adequate natural gas and other processing capacity to ensure the timely and economic processing of natural gas production,  the continued production of crude oil and NGLs, as well as any associated natural gas production. Limited natural gas processing capacity in certain regions, including Western Canada and the Williston basin in the U.S., may result in producers not being able to sell a portion of their natural gas production or lead to curtailment of crude oil production, or result in not realizing the full value of their natural gas production.

 

A failure to resolve any of the constraints described above may result in shut‑in production or continued reduced commodity prices received by the Corporation and other oil and natural gas producers.

 

The Corporation's operation of oil and natural gas wells could subject it to environmental costs, claims and liabilities, including those related to climate change, as well as public opposition and activism.

 

GENERAL

 

The oil and natural gas industry elicits concerns over climate change, as well as general public opposition to the industry. As a result, industry participants may be subject to increased public activism, as well as extensive environmental regulation pursuant to local, provincial, and federal legislation in Canada and federal and state laws and regulations in the United States. Activist activity may result in increased costs due to delays or damage, while defaults by the Corporation under applicable legislation could result in the imposition of fines or the issuance of "clean up" orders. Legislation regulating the industry may be changed to impose higher standards and potentially more costly obligations, such as legislation requiring significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Failure to comply with such regulations and laws can result in significant increases in costs, penalties or loss of operating licenses. The actual form of such legislation or regulation is evolving. Further, the business of exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas wells and facilities is subject to the risks and hazards associated with such operations. These include, but are not limited to, blowouts, fire, explosion, environmental releases (including sour gas), induced seismicity, and other safety hazards, which could result in significant damage to the Corporation’s property, personal injury, loss of life and liability to regulators or third parties. 

 

The Corporation is not fully insured against certain environmental risks, either because such insurance is not available or because of high premium costs. In particular, insurance against risks from environmental pollution occurring over time (as opposed to sudden and catastrophic damage) is not available on economically reasonable terms. Accordingly, the Corporation's properties may be subject to liability due to hazards that cannot be insured against or that have not been insured against due to prohibitive premium costs or for other reasons.

 

The Corporation does not establish a separate reclamation fund for the purpose of funding its estimated future environmental and reclamation obligations. The Corporation cannot assure investors that it will be able to satisfy its future environmental and reclamation obligations. Any site reclamation or abandonment costs incurred in the ordinary course, in a specific period, will be funded out of cash flows and, therefore, will reduce the amounts that may be available for development of projects and resources, debt repayments, or as available cash for dividends to shareholders. Further, the availability in some jurisdictions of monies collected via levies on oil and gas producers, in order to cover remediation and/or reclamation costs incurred by the Corporation on behalf of insolvent or defunct partners, may be reduced or eliminated as such funds become depleted. Should the Corporation be unable to fully fund the cost of remedying an environmental claim, the Corporation might be required to suspend operations or enter into interim compliance measures pending completion of the required remedy.

 

RISKS RELATING TO FRACTURING

 

The Corporation utilizes horizontal drilling, multi‑stage hydraulic fracturing, specially formulated drilling fluids and other technologies in connection with its drilling and completion activities. There has been public concern over the hydraulic fracturing process. Most of these concerns have raised questions regarding the drilling fluids and the volume of fluid used in the fracturing process, their effect on fresh water aquifers, the use of water in connection with completion operations, the ability of such water to be recycled, and induced seismicity associated with fracturing. The U.S. and Canadian governments, including certain U.S. state and Canadian provincial governments, are currently reviewing aspects of the scientific, regulatory and policy framework under which hydraulic fracturing operations are conducted. At present, most of these governments are primarily engaged in the collection, review and assessment of technical information regarding the hydraulic fracturing process and, with the exception of increased chemical disclosure requirements in certain of the jurisdictions in which the Corporation operates, have not provided specific details with respect to any significant actual, proposed or contemplated changes to the hydraulic fracturing regulatory construct. However, certain environmental and other groups have suggested that additional federal, provincial, territorial, state and municipal laws and regulations may be needed to more closely regulate the hydraulic fracturing process.  Claims have been made that hydraulic fracturing techniques are harmful to surface water and drinking water sources and may contribute to earthquake activity, particularly where operators are in proximity to pre‑existing faults. Governmental authorities in jurisdictions where the Corporation does not currently operate have either implemented or considered temporary moratoriums on hydraulic fracturing until further studies can be

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completed, and some governments have adopted, or considered adopting regulations that could impose more stringent permitting, disclosure and well construction requirements on hydraulic fracturing operations.

 

It is anticipated that federal, provincial and state regulatory frameworks to address concerns related to hydraulic fracturing will continue to emerge. While the Corporation is unable to predict the impact of any potential regulations upon its business, the implementation of new laws, regulations or permitting requirements with respect to water usage or disposal, or hydraulic fracturing generally, could increase the Corporation's costs of compliance, operating costs, the risk of litigation and environmental liability, or negatively impact the Corporation's production and prospects, any of which may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation's business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

RISKS RELATING TO CLIMATE CHANGE

 

Public support for climate change action and receptivity to new technologies has grown in recent years. Governments in Canada and around the world have responded to these shifting societal attitudes by adopting ambitious emissions reduction targets and supporting legislation, including measures relating to carbon pricing, clean energy and fuel standards, and alternative energy incentives and mandates. There has also been increased activism and public opposition to fossil fuels and the oil and gas industry in which the Corporation operates. See “Industry Conditions – Environmental Regulation” in this Annual Information Form. Public and government opposition to the oil and gas industry could reduce demand for oil and gas and, therefore, adversely affect market prices for the Corporation’s production. Existing and future laws and regulations may impose additional costs on companies operating in the oil and gas industry or significant liabilities for a failure to comply with their requirements. Concerns over climate change and fossil fuel extraction could lead governments to enact additional or more stringent laws and regulations applicable to the Corporation and other companies in the energy industry in general.

 

The Corporation may be unable to add or develop additional reserves or resources.

 

The Corporation adds to its oil and natural gas reserves primarily through acquisitions and ongoing development of its existing reserves and resources, together with certain exploration activities. As a result, the level of the Corporation's future oil and natural gas reserves is highly dependent on its success in developing and exploiting its reserves and resources base and acquiring additional reserves and/or resources through purchases or exploration. Exploitation, exploration and development risks arise for the Corporation and, as a result, may affect the value of the Common Shares and dividends to shareholders due to the uncertain results of searching for and producing oil and natural gas using imperfect scientific methods. Additionally, if capital from external sources is not available or is not available on commercially advantageous terms, the Corporation's ability to make the necessary capital investments to maintain, develop or expand its oil and natural gas reserves and resources will be impaired. Even if the necessary capital is available, the Corporation cannot assure that it will be successful in acquiring additional reserves or resources on terms that meet its investment objectives. Without these additions, the Corporation's reserves will deplete and, as a consequence, either its production or the average life of its reserves will decline.

 

The Corporation's actual reserves and resources will vary from its reserves and resources estimates, and those variations could be material.

 

The value of the Common Shares depends upon, among other things, the reserves and resources attributable to the Corporation's properties. The actual reserves and resources contained in the Corporation's properties will vary from the estimates summarized in this Annual Information Form and those variations could be material. Estimates of reserves and resources are by necessity projections, and thus are inherently uncertain. The process of estimating reserves or resources requires interpretations and judgments on the part of petroleum engineers, resulting in imprecise determinations, particularly with respect to new discoveries. Different engineers may make different estimates of reserves or resources quantities and revenues attributable thereto based on the same data. Ultimately, actual reserves and resources attributable to the Corporation's properties will vary and be revised from current estimates, and those variations and revisions may be material. The reserves and resources information contained in this Annual Information Form is only an estimate. A number of factors are considered and a number of assumptions are made when estimating reserves and resources, such as, among others described in this Annual Information Form:

·

historical production in the area compared with production rates from similar producing areas

·

future commodity prices, production and development costs, royalties and planned capital expenditures 

·

initial production rates and production decline rates

·

ultimate recovery of reserves and resources and the success of future exploitation activities 

·

marketability of production

·

the effects of government regulation and other government royalties or levies, such as environmental costs, that may be imposed over the producing life of reserves and resources

 

Reserves and resources estimates are based on the relevant factors, assumptions and prices on the date the evaluations were prepared. Many of these factors are subject to change and are beyond the Corporation's control. If these factors,

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assumptions and prices prove to be inaccurate, the Corporation's actual reserves and resources could vary materially from its estimates. Additionally, all such estimates are, to some degree, uncertain, and classifications of reserves and resources are only attempts to define the degree of uncertainty involved. For these reasons, estimates of the economically recoverable quantities of oil and natural gas, the classification of such reserves and resources based on risk of recovery and associated contingencies, and the estimates of future net revenues expected therefrom, prepared by different engineers or by the same engineers at different times, may vary substantially.

 

Estimates with respect to reserves and resources that may be developed and produced in the future are often based upon volumetric or probabilistic calculations and upon analogy to similar types of reserves or resources, rather than upon actual production history. Estimates based on these methods generally are less reliable than those based on actual production history. Subsequent evaluation of the same reserves or resources based upon production history may result in variations or revisions in the estimated reserves or resources, and any such variations or revisions could be material.

 

Reserves and resources estimates may require revision based on actual production experience. Such figures have been determined based upon assumed oil, natural gas and NGLs prices and operating costs. Market price fluctuations of commodity prices may render uneconomic the recovery of certain categories of petroleum or natural gas. Moreover, short‑term factors may impair the economic viability of certain reserves or resources in any particular period. With commodity prices remaining volatile, there is a risk for write-downs under U.S. GAAP. See “Risk Factors – Lower oil and gas prices and higher costs increase the risk of write-downs of the Corporation’s oil and gas properties and deferred tax assets”.  Write-downs may lead to the Corporation breaching its covenants under the Bank Credit Facility, and the Corporation may not be able to negotiate any covenant relief. See "Risk Factors – Debt covenants of the Corporation may be exceeded with no ability to negotiate covenant relief.”

 

Since portions of the Corporation's properties are not operated by the Corporation, results of operations may be adversely affected by the failure of third party operators.

 

The continuing production from a property, and to some extent the marketing of that production, is dependent upon the abilities of the operators of the Corporation's properties. In 2017, approximately 43%  of the Corporation's production was from properties operated by third parties. This results in significant reliance on third party operators in both the operation, including the decision to curtail production due to low prices, and the development of such properties. The timing and amount of capital required to be spent by the Corporation may differ from the Corporation's expectations and planning, and may impact the ability of and/or cost to the Corporation to finance such expenditures, as well as adversely affect other parts of the Corporation's business and operations. To the extent a third-party operator fails to perform its duties properly, faces capital or liquidity constraints or becomes insolvent, the Corporation's results of operations may be negatively impacted.

 

Further, the operating agreements governing the properties not operated by the Corporation typically require the operator to conduct operations in a “good and workmanlike" manner. These operating agreements generally exempt the operator from liability to the other non‑operating working interest owners for losses sustained or liabilities incurred, except for liabilities that may result from the operator’s gross negligence or wilful misconduct.

 

If the Corporation expands beyond its current areas of operations or expands the scope of operations beyond oil and natural gas production, the Corporation may face new challenges and risks. If the Corporation is unsuccessful in managing these challenges and risks, its results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

 

The Corporation may acquire oil and natural gas properties and assets outside the geographic areas in which it has historically conducted its business and operations. The expansion of the Corporation's activities into new locations may present challenges and risks that the Corporation has not faced in the past, including operational and additional regulatory matters. In addition, the Corporation's activities are not limited to oil and natural gas production and development, and the Corporation could acquire other energy related assets. Expansion of the Corporation's activities into new business areas may present challenges and risks that it has not faced in the past, including dealing with additional regulatory matters. If the Corporation does not manage these challenges and risks successfully, its results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

 

The Corporation's expanded scope of activities and participation in the capital markets may attract increased criticism, shareholder activism and costly litigation.

 

The expansion of the Corporation's business activities, both geographically and with a focus on exploration and development of unconventional reservoirs, may draw increased attention from shareholder activists who oppose the strategy of the Corporation, including its operation of the business, its plans for development and its capital allocation decisions, which could have an adverse effect on market value. The Corporation’s ongoing participation in the Canadian and U.S. capital markets may expose the Corporation to greater risk of class action lawsuits related to, among other things, securities law matters (including with regard to alleged deficiencies in the Corporation’s public disclosure), title, contractual and environmental matters.

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Changes in market‑based factors and investor strategies may adversely affect the trading price of the Common Shares and/or the Corporation’s stock exchange listings.

 

The market price of the Common Shares is primarily a function of the value of the properties owned by the Corporation, as well as the anticipated growth in production and cash flow, or dividends paid to its shareholders. The market price of the Common Shares is also sensitive to a variety of market‑based factors, including, but not limited to, an increase in passive investing (through vehicles such as exchange traded funds) and options trading, the inclusion, or removal, of the Common Shares from one or more stock market indexes or exchange traded funds, interest rates, and the comparability of the Corporation’s performance to other growth or yield‑oriented exploration and production companies. Additionally, the Common Shares may, from time to time, not meet the investment criteria or characteristics of a particular institutional or other investor, including for reasons unrelated to financial or operational performance. Any changes in market‑based factors or investor strategies, including the implementation of new financial market regulations such as the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II) and fossil fuel divestment initiatives undertaken by governments, pension funds and/or other institutional investors, may adversely affect the trading price of the Common Shares, and/or their inclusion in the portfolios of investment managers. In addition, should the trading price of the Common Shares fall below stock exchange listing thresholds, the exchanges will review the appropriateness of the Common Shares for continued listing (NYSE) or ongoing listing (TSX).

 

The Corporation's expanding portfolio of growth‑oriented projects may expose it to increased operational and financial risks.

 

The Corporation's unconventional oil and gas operations (such as the development of and production from shale formations) involve certain additional risks and uncertainties. The drilling and completion of wells and operations on these unconventional assets present certain challenges that differ from conventional oil and gas operations. Wells on these properties generally must be drilled deeper than in many other areas, which makes the wells more expensive to drill and complete. To reduce costs, wells may be drilled as part of a multi-well pad which may increase the risk of being unable to drill and complete any of the wells on the pad if problems occur. In addition, because of the depth and length of these unconventional wells, they may also be more susceptible to mechanical problems associated with drilling and completion, such as casing collapse and lost equipment in the wellbore. In addition, the fracturing activities required to be undertaken on these unconventional assets may be more extensive and complicated than fracturing the geological formations in the Corporation's other areas of operation and require greater volumes of water than conventional wells. The management of water and the treatment of produced water from these wells may be more costly than the management of produced water from other geologic formations. In addition, to the extent the Corporation acquires properties or assets with a higher exploration risk profile, the risk associated with such acquisitions and the future development of those assets is more uncertain.

 

The Corporation may be unable to compete successfully with other organizations in the oil and natural gas industry, or obtain required vendor services to compete.

 

The oil and natural gas industry is highly competitive. The Corporation competes for capital, acquisitions of reserves and/or resources, undeveloped lands, skilled/qualified labour, access to drilling rigs, service rigs and other equipment and materials such as sand and other proppant, hydraulic fracturing pumping equipment and related skilled personnel, access to processing facilities, pipeline and refining capacity, as well as many other services, and in many other respects, with a substantial number of other organizations, many of which may have greater technical and financial resources than the Corporation. Some of these organizations not only explore for, develop and produce oil and natural gas, but also conduct refining operations and market oil and other products on a world‑wide basis. As a result of these complementary activities, some of the Corporation's competitors may have greater opportunities and more diverse resources to draw upon.  Also, organizations that have complementary activities or are integrated may have access to, or be able to access, services or vendors that the Corporation is not able to access, thereby limiting its ability to compete.

 

In addition, the Corporation may be at a competitive disadvantage to other industry participants able to minimize taxes under more favourable tax jurisdictions and/or regulatory environments, or who have access to a lower cost of capital.

 

The Corporation may require additional financing to maintain and/or expand its assets and operations.

 

In the normal course of making capital investments to maintain and/or expand the Corporation's oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves and resources, additional Common Shares or other securities of the Corporation may be issued, which may result in a decline in production per share and reserves and/or resources per share. Additionally, from time to time the Corporation may issue Common Shares or other securities from treasury in order to reduce debt, complete acquisitions and maintain a more optimal capital structure. The Corporation may also divest of existing properties or assets as a means of financing alternative projects or developments. To the extent that external sources of capital, including the availability of debt financing from banks or other creditors or the issuance of additional Common Shares or other securities, become limited, unavailable or available on less favourable terms, the Corporation's ability to make the necessary capital investments to: (i) retain

48    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

leases, (ii) carry out its operations, and/or (iii) maintain and/or expand its oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves and resources could be adversely affected. To the extent that the Corporation is required to use additional cash flow to finance capital expenditures or property acquisitions, or to pay debt service charges or to reduce debt, the level of cash that may be available for the Corporation to pay dividends to its shareholders may be reduced.

 

The Corporation may not realize the anticipated benefits of its acquisitions or divestments.

 

From time to time, the Corporation may acquire additional oil and natural gas properties and related assets. Achieving the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions will depend in part on successfully consolidating functions and integrating operations, procedures and personnel in a timely and efficient manner, as well as the Corporation's ability to realize the anticipated growth opportunities and synergies from combining and integrating the acquired assets and properties into the Corporation's existing business. These activities will require the dedication of substantial management effort, time and capital and other resources, which may divert management's focus, capital and other resources from other strategic opportunities and operational matters during this process. The integration process may result in the loss of key employees and the disruption of ongoing business, customer and employee relationships that may adversely affect the Corporation's ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of current or future acquisitions. The risk factors set forth in this Annual Information Form relating to the oil and natural gas business and the operations, reserves and resources of the Corporation apply equally in respect of any future properties or assets that the Corporation may acquire. The Corporation generally conducts certain due diligence in connection with acquisitions, but there can be no assurance that the Corporation will identify all of the potential risks and liabilities related to the subject properties.

 

When acquiring assets, the Corporation is subject to inherent risks associated with predicting the future performance of those assets. The Corporation makes certain estimates and assumptions respecting the prospectivity and characteristics of the assets it acquires, which may not be realized over time. As such, assets acquired may not possess the value the Corporation attributed to them, which could adversely impact the Corporation's cash flows. To the extent that the Corporation makes acquisitions with higher growth potential, the higher risks often associated with such potential may result in increased chances that actual results may vary from the Corporation's initial estimates. An initial assessment of an acquisition may be based on a report by engineers or firms of engineers that have different evaluation methods, approaches and assumptions than those of the Corporation's engineers, and these initial assessments may differ significantly from the Corporation's subsequent assessments.

 

Furthermore, potential investors should be aware that certain acquisitions, and in particular those that are higher risk/higher growth assets and the development of those acquired assets, may require more capital than anticipated from the Corporation, and the Corporation may not receive cash flow from operations from these acquisitions for several years, or may receive cash flow in an amount less than anticipated.

 

The Corporation may also from time to time seek to divest of properties and assets. These divestments may consist of non‑core properties or assets, or may consist of assets or properties that are being monetized to fund debt repayment, alternative projects, or development by the Corporation. There can be no assurance that the Corporation will be successful in such divestments, or realize the amount of desired proceeds from such divestments, or that such divestments will be viewed positively by the financial markets, and such divestments may negatively affect the Corporation's results of operations or the trading price of the Common Shares. In addition, although divestments typically transfer future obligations to the buyer, the Corporation may not be exempt from certain obligations in the future, including for example, abandonment and reclamation obligations, which may have an adverse effect on the Corporation’s operations and financial condition.

 

The Corporation may lose its current status as a "foreign private issuer" in the United States, which may result in additional compliance costs and restricted access to capital markets.

 

The Corporation is required to assess its "foreign private issuer" status under U.S. securities laws on an annual basis at the end of its second quarter. If the Corporation were to lose its status as a "foreign private issuer" under U.S. securities laws and be required to fully comply with both U.S. and Canadian securities and accounting requirements applicable to domestic issuers in each country, it could incur additional general and administrative compliance costs and have restricted access to capital markets for a period of time until it has the required approvals in place from the SEC.

 

Changes in laws or free trade agreements, including those affecting tax, royalties and other financial and trade matters, and interpretations of those laws and trade agreements, may adversely affect the Corporation and its securityholders.

 

Tax laws,  including those that may affect the taxation of the Corporation, or other laws or government incentive programs relating to the oil and gas industry generally, may be changed, or interpreted in a manner that adversely affects the Corporation and its securityholders. Canadian, U.S. and foreign tax authorities having jurisdiction over the Corporation (whether as a result of the Corporation's operations or its financing structures), may change or interpret applicable tax laws, treaties or administrative positions in a manner which is detrimental to the Corporation or its securityholders. Tax authorities may disagree with how the Corporation calculates its income for tax purposes. The Corporation may be subject to additional

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    49


 

taxation (direct or indirect, including carbon tax, goods and services tax, or sales tax), levies or royalty payments imposed by government and tribal authorities with jurisdiction over its properties. The Corporation has income and other tax filings that are subject to audit and potential reassessment which may impact the Corporation's tax liability. The Corporation believes appropriate provisions for current and deferred income taxes have been made in its financial statements; however, it is difficult to predict the outcome of audit findings by tax authorities. These findings may increase the amount of its tax liabilities and be detrimental to the Corporation. In addition, the U.S. and Canada are currently negotiating changes to NAFTA, which could lead to the imposition of duties or tariffs or other changes that could negatively impact the Corporation’s business.

 

Delays in payment for business operations could adversely affect the Corporation.

 

In addition to the potential delays in payment by purchasers of oil and natural gas to the Corporation or to the operators of the Corporation's properties (and the delays of those operators in remitting payment to the Corporation), payments between any of these parties may also be delayed by, among other things: 

·

substantial or extended declines in oil, NGLs and natural gas prices

·

capital or liquidity constraints experienced by such parties, including restrictions imposed by lenders

·

accounting delays or adjustments for prior periods

·

shortages of, or delays in, obtaining qualified personnel or equipment, including drilling rigs and completions services

·

delays in the sale or delivery of products or delays in the connection of wells to a gathering system

·

adverse weather conditions, such as freezing temperatures, storms, flooding and premature thawing

·

blow‑outs or other accidents

·

title defects

·

recovery by the operator of expenses incurred in the operation of the properties, or the establishment by the operator of reserves for these expenses

 

Any of these delays could reduce the amount of the Corporation's cash flow and the payment of cash dividends to its shareholders in a given period. Any of these delays could also expose the Corporation to additional third-party credit risks.

 

The Corporation's risk management activities, as well as ongoing regulatory changes affecting financial institutions, could expose it to losses.

 

The Corporation may use financial derivative instruments and other hedging mechanisms to limit a portion of the adverse effects resulting from volatility in natural gas and oil commodity prices. To the extent the Corporation hedges its commodity price and foreign exchange exposure, it may forego the benefits it would otherwise experience. In addition, the Corporation's commodity and foreign exchange hedging activities, and changing bank regulations that may limit market liquidity in the commodity markets, could expose it to losses. These losses could occur under various circumstances, including if the other party to the Corporation's hedge does not perform its obligations under the hedge agreement. The Corporation has entered,  and may in the future enter into hedging arrangements to settle future payments under its equity‑based long term incentive programs, which could result in the Corporation suffering losses to the extent the hedged costs of such arrangements exceed the actual costs that would otherwise be payable at the time of settlement.

 

The Corporation is subject to risk of default by the counterparties to the Corporation's contracts.

 

Counterparties of the Corporation’s risk management contracts, marketing arrangements, purchase and sale agreements and operating agreements, as well as other suppliers of products and services, may default on their obligations under such agreements, arrangements, or programs, including as a result of liquidity requirements or insolvency. Furthermore, low oil and natural gas prices increase the risk of bad debts related to the Corporation's joint venture and industry partners. A failure by such counterparties to make payments or perform their operational or other obligations to the Corporation may adversely affect the results of operations or cash flows and financial condition of the Corporation. 

 

Lower oil and gas prices and higher costs increase the risk of write‑downs of the Corporation's oil and gas properties and deferred tax assets.

 

Under U.S. GAAP, the net capitalized cost of oil and gas properties, net of deferred income taxes, is limited to the present value of after‑tax future net revenue from proved reserves, discounted at 10%, and based on the unweighted average of the closing prices for the applicable commodity on the first day of the twelve months preceding the issuer's fiscal quarter and annual fiscal periods. The amount by which the net capitalized costs exceed the discounted value will be charged to net income. The Corporation incurred no non-cash property impairments in 2017.

 

Under U.S. GAAP, the net deferred tax assets of a corporation are limited to the estimate of future taxable income resulting from existing properties. The Corporation estimates future taxable income based on before‑tax future net revenue from proved plus probable reserves, undiscounted, using forecast prices, and adjusted for other significant items affecting taxable

50    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

income. The amount by which the gross deferred tax assets exceed the estimate of future taxable income will be charged to net income. A previously recorded valuation allowance can be reversed if the estimate of future taxable income increases.

 

As at December 31, 2017, the estimate of future taxable income resulting from existing properties increased. Combined with the lower tax rates resulting from the recently announced U.S. tax reforms, specifically the repealing of Alternative Minimum Tax (“AMT”) and the ultimate refund of existing AMT credit carryovers, the Corporation has reversed the remaining $163.0 million of valuation allowance on non-capital deferred income tax assets, originally recorded in 2015 for both the U.S. and Canada.

 

If commodity prices were to decline, there remains a risk for additional write-downs under U.S. GAAP. While these write‑downs would not affect cash flow, the charge to earnings may be viewed unfavourably in the market. Additional write-downs may lead to the Corporation breaching its covenants under the Credit Facilities, and the Corporation may not be able to negotiate any covenant relief. See "Risk Factors – Debt covenants of the Corporation may be exceeded with no ability to negotiate covenant relief.”

 

Unforeseen title defects, disputes or litigation may result in a loss of entitlement to production, reserves and resources.

 

From time to time, the Corporation conducts title reviews in accordance with industry practice prior to purchases of assets. However, if conducted, these reviews do not guarantee that an unforeseen defect in the chain of title will not arise and defeat the Corporation's title to the purchased assets. If this type of defect were to occur, the Corporation's entitlement to the production and reserves and, if applicable, resources from the purchased assets could be jeopardized. Furthermore, from time to time, the Corporation may have disputes with industry partners as to ownership rights of certain properties or resources, including with respect to the validity of oil and gas leases held by the Corporation or with respect to the calculation or deduction of royalties payable on the Corporation's production. The existence of title defects or the resolution of disputes may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation or its assets and operations. Furthermore, from time to time, the Corporation or its industry partners may owe one another contractual, trust related or offset obligations which they may default in satisfying and which may adversely affect the validity of an oil and gas lease in which the Corporation has an interest. The existence of title defects, unsatisfied contractual,  trust related obligations or offset obligations, or the resolution of any disputes with industry partners arising from same, may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation or its assets and operations.

 

The Corporation's information assets and critical infrastructure may be subject to cyber security risks.

 

The Corporation is subject to a variety of information technology and system risks as a part of its normal course operations, including potential breakdown, invasion, virus, cyber-attack, cyber-fraud, security breach, and destruction or interruption of the Corporation's information technology systems by third parties or insiders. Although the Corporation has security measures and controls in place that are designed to mitigate these risks, along with cyber-attack insurance coverage, a breach of its security measures and/or a loss of information could occur and result in a loss of material and confidential information and reputation, a breach of privacy laws, and disruption to business activities. The significance of any such event is difficult to quantify, but may in certain circumstances be material and could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation's business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Dividends on the Corporation's Common Shares are variable.

 

Although the Corporation currently intends to pay monthly cash dividends to its shareholders, these cash dividends may change from time to time, or be suspended. In addition, cash dividends declared in Canadian dollars are converted to foreign denominated currencies at the spot exchange rate at the time of payment. As a consequence, investors are subject to foreign exchange risk. To the extent that the Canadian dollar weakens with respect to their currency, the amount of the dividend may be reduced when converted to shareholders’ home currency. In addition, shareholders may be subject to withholding taxes in accordance with tax treaties or domestic tax law changes, as determined by shareholder residency.

 

The amount of cash available to the Corporation to pay dividends can vary significantly from period to period for many reasons including, among other things:

·

the Corporation's operational and financial performance,  including fluctuations in the quantity of the Corporation's oil, NGLs and natural gas production and the sales price that the Corporation realizes for such production (after hedging contract receipts and payments)

·

fluctuations in the costs to produce oil, NGLs and natural gas, including royalty burdens, and costs to administer and manage the Corporation and its subsidiaries

·

the amount of cash required or retained for debt service or repayment

·

amounts required to fund capital expenditures and working capital requirements

·

access to equity markets

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    51


 

·

foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates

·

the risk factors set forth in this Annual Information Form 

 

The decision whether to pay dividends and the amount of any such dividend is subject to the discretion of the board of directors of the Corporation, which regularly evaluates the Corporation's dividend policy, and the solvency test requirements of the ABCA. In addition, the level of dividends per Common Share will be affected by the number of outstanding Common Shares and other securities that may be entitled to receive cash dividends or other payments. Dividends may be increased, reduced or suspended entirely depending on the Corporation's operations and the performance of its assets. The market value of the Common Shares may deteriorate if the Corporation is unable to meet dividend expectations in the future, and that deterioration may be material.

 

To the extent that the Corporation uses internally‑generated cash flow to finance acquisitions, development costs and other significant capital expenditures, the amount of cash available to pay dividends to the Corporation's shareholders may be reduced. To the extent that external sources of capital, including debt or the issuance of additional Common Shares or other securities of the Corporation, become limited or unavailable, the Corporation's ability to make the necessary capital investments to maintain, develop or expand its oil and gas reserves and resources and to invest in assets may be impaired. To the extent that the Corporation is required to use cash flow to finance capital expenditures, property acquisitions or asset acquisitions, as the case may be, the level of the Corporation's cash dividend payments to its shareholders may be reduced or even eliminated.

 

The board of directors of the Corporation has the discretion to determine the extent to which the Corporation's cash flow will be allocated to the payment of debt service charges as well as the repayment of outstanding debt. The payments of interest and principal with respect to the Corporation's third-party indebtedness, including the Credit Facilities, rank ahead of dividend payments that may be made by the Corporation to its shareholders. An increase in the amount of funds used to pay debt service charges or reduce debt will reduce the amount of cash that may be available for the Corporation to pay dividends to its shareholders. In addition, variations in interest rates and scheduled principal repayments, if and as required under the terms of the Credit Facilities, could result in significant changes in the amount required to be applied to debt service. Certain covenants in agreements with lenders may also limit payments of dividends.

 

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could adversely affect the Corporation's business.

 

The price that the Corporation receives for a majority of its oil and natural gas is based on U.S.‑dollar denominated benchmarks and, therefore, the price that the Corporation receives in Canadian dollars is affected by the exchange rate between the two currencies. Should there be a material increase in the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar, it may negatively impact the Corporation's net production revenue by decreasing the Canadian dollars the Corporation receives for a given sale in U.S. dollars. The Corporation’s business and operations in Canada and the United States have contracts that are linked to the U.S. dollar and, therefore, the Corporation is exposed to foreign currency risk on both revenues and costs. In addition, the Corporation has U.S.-dollar denominated Senior Unsecured Notes and is exposed to increased foreign currency risk should the Canadian dollar weaken against the U.S. dollar. The Corporation may from time to time use derivative instruments to manage a portion of its foreign exchange risk, as described in Note 14(c) to the Corporation's audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017.

 

Regulatory requirements may impede the Corporation’s ability to divest properties.

 

Recent regulatory changes in Alberta and Saskatchewan have increased the minimum corporate liability rating required of purchasers of oil and natural gas properties. As a result, the potential number of parties able to acquire the Corporation’s non-core assets has been reduced, the Corporation may not be able to realize full value for such assets, or transactions may involve greater risk and complexity. 

 

Debt covenants of the Corporation may be exceeded with no ability to negotiate covenant relief.

 

Declines in, or continued volatility in, crude oil and natural gas prices may result in a significant reduction in earnings or cash flow, which could lead the Corporation to increase amounts drawn under the Bank Credit Facility in order to carry out its operations and fulfill its obligations. Significant reductions to cash flow, significant increases in drawn amounts under the Bank Credit Facility, or significant reductions to proved reserves may result in the Corporation breaching its debt covenants under the Credit Facilities. If a breach occurs, there is a risk that the Corporation may not be able to negotiate covenant relief with one or more of its lenders under the Credit Facilities. Failure to comply with debt covenants or negotiate relief may result in the Corporation’s indebtedness under the Credit Facilities becoming immediately due and payable, which may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s operations and financial condition.

 

The Corporation's Credit Facilities and any replacement credit facility may not provide sufficient liquidity.

 

Although the Corporation believes that its existing Credit Facilities are sufficient, there can be no assurance that the current amount will continue to be available or will be adequate for the financial obligations of the Corporation or that additional

52    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

funds can be obtained as required or on terms which are economically advantageous to the Corporation. The amounts available under the Credit Facilities may not be sufficient for future operations, or the Corporation may not be able to renew its Bank Credit Facility or obtain additional financing on attractive economic terms, if at all. The Bank Credit Facility is generally available on a three-year term, extendable each year with a bullet payment required at the end of three years if the facility is not renewed. The Corporation renewed its Bank Credit Facility in 2017 and, accordingly, it currently expires on October 31, 2020. There can be no assurance that such a renewal will be available on favourable terms or that all of the current lenders under the facility will renew at their current commitment levels. If this occurs, the Corporation may need to obtain alternate financing. Any failure of a member of the lending syndicate to fund its obligations under the Bank Credit Facility or to renew its commitment in respect of such Bank Credit Facility, or failure by the Corporation to obtain replacement financing or financing on favourable terms, may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation's business and operations. In addition, dividends to shareholders may be eliminated, as repayment of debt under the Credit Facilities has priority over dividend payments by the Corporation to its shareholders.

 

During 2017, the Corporation made the first of five equal annual installments of US$22 million on its 2009 Senior Unsecured Notes. See “Description of Capital Structure – Senior Unsecured Notes” for repayment terms on existing Senior Unsecured Notes. The repayment of the Senior Unsecured Notes may require the Corporation to obtain additional financing, which may not be available or may be available on unfavourable terms

 

The Corporation's operations are subject to certain risks and liabilities inherent in the oil and natural gas business, some of which may not be covered by insurance.

 

The Corporation's business and operations, including the drilling of oil and natural gas wells and the production and transportation of oil and natural gas, are subject to certain risks inherent in the oil and natural gas business. These risks and hazards include encountering unexpected formations or pressures, blow‑outs, pipeline breaks, rail transportation incidents, craterings, fires, power interruptions and severe weather conditions. The Corporation's operations may also subject it to the risk of vandalism or terrorist threats, including eco‑terrorism and cyber-attacks. The foregoing hazards could result in personal injury, loss of life, reduced production volumes or environmental and other damage to the Corporation's property and the property of others. The Corporation cannot fully protect against all of these risks, nor are all of these risks insurable. Although the Corporation carries third party liability, property damage, business interruption, terrorism, cyber-attacks, pollution and well control insurance in respect of such matters, there can be no assurance that insurance proceeds will be received or, if received, be adequate to cover all losses resulting from such events, or that lost production will be restored in a timely manner. The Corporation may become liable for damages arising from these events against which it cannot insure, or against which it may elect not to insure because of high premium costs, or other reasons. While the Corporation has both safety and environmental policies in place to protect its operators and employees, and to meet regulatory requirements in areas where they operate, any costs incurred to repair, damage, or pay liabilities would adversely affect the Corporation's financial position, including the amount of funds that may be available for development programs, debt repayments, or dividend payments to shareholders.

 

The Corporation sets out to hire competent personnel and the loss of such personnel, including the Corporation's key management, could impact its business.

 

Shareholders are entirely dependent on the management of the Corporation with respect to the exploration for and development of additional reserves and resources, the acquisition of oil and natural gas properties and assets, and the management and administration of all matters relating to the Corporation and its properties and assets, including hiring competent personnel. The loss of the services of competent personnel and key individuals could have a detrimental effect on the Corporation. There is no assurance that the Corporation will be able to attract and retain personnel with the technical expertise and competence necessary to develop such properties, which could adversely affect the Corporation's exploration and development plans.

 

Conflicts of interest may arise between the Corporation and its directors and officers.

 

Circumstances may arise where directors and officers of the Corporation are directors or officers of other companies involved in the oil and gas industry which are in competition to the interests of the Corporation. See "Directors and Officers – Conflicts of Interest".

 

The ability of United States and other non‑resident shareholder investors to enforce civil remedies may be limited.

 

The Corporation is formed under the laws of Alberta, Canada, and its principal place of business is in Canada. Most of the directors and officers of the Corporation are residents of Canada and some of the experts who provide services to the Corporation (such as its auditors and some of its independent reserves engineers) are residents of Canada, and a portion of their assets and the Corporation's assets are located within Canada. As a result, it may be difficult for investors in the United States or other non‑Canadian jurisdictions (a "Foreign Jurisdiction") to effect service of process within such Foreign Jurisdiction upon such directors, officers and representatives of experts who are not residents of the Foreign Jurisdiction or to enforce against them judgments of courts of the applicable Foreign Jurisdiction based upon civil liability under the

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    53


 

securities laws of such Foreign Jurisdiction, including U.S. federal securities laws or the securities laws of any state within the United States. In particular, there is doubt as to the enforceability in Canada against the Corporation or any of its directors, officers or representatives of experts who are not residents of the United States, in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments by U.S. courts for liability based solely upon the U.S. federal securities laws or the securities laws of any state within the United States.

 

Market for Securities

 

The Common Shares are listed and posted for trading on the TSX and the NYSE under the trading symbol "ERF".

 

The following table sets forth certain trading information for the Common Shares on the TSX composite index and the United States composite index for 2017. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSX Composite Trading

 

U.S. Composite Trading

Month

    

High

    

Low

    

Volume

    

High

    

Low

    

Volume

January

 

13.35

 

11.21

 

37,409,163

 

9.95

 

8.55

 

14,741,359

February

 

12.62

 

10.92

 

37,044,185

 

9.65

 

8.30

 

20,599,087

March

 

12.34

 

9.72

 

47,319,497

 

9.24

 

7.26

 

26,901,262

April

 

11.12

 

9.63

 

38,446,477

 

8.29

 

7.05

 

20,351,875

May

 

11.44

 

8.97

 

52,601,730

 

8.52

 

6.52

 

29,002,657

June

 

11.48

 

10.12

 

45,397,624

 

8.54

 

7.63

 

26,661,299

July

 

11.78

 

9.75

 

34,639,145

 

9.42

 

7.55

 

20,221,586

August

 

11.83

 

10.57

 

38,153,407

 

9.32

 

8.43

 

22,063,010

September

 

12.58

 

10.74

 

57,191,936

 

10.21

 

8.77

 

22,541,299

October

 

12.19

 

10.55

 

50,436,252

 

9.75

 

8.23

 

21,239,567

November

 

12.95

 

11.08

 

44,312,836

 

10.18

 

8.61

 

18,501,888

December

 

12.74

 

10.62

 

37,508,176

 

10.14

 

8.25

 

18,389,748

 

 

54    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

Directors and Officers

 

DIRECTORS OF THE CORPORATION 

 

The directors of the Corporation are elected by the shareholders of the Corporation at each annual meeting of shareholders. All directors serve until the next annual meeting or until a successor is elected or appointed or until the director is removed at a meeting of shareholders. The name, municipality of residence, year of appointment as a director of the Corporation (or its predecessor EnerMark Inc., the administrator of the Fund prior to the Conversion) and principal occupation for the past five years for each current director of the Corporation are set forth below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name and Residence

    

Director Since

    

Principal Occupation for Past Five Years

 

 

 

 

 

Elliott Pew(1)
Boerne, Texas, United States

 

September 2010

 

Director of Southwestern Energy Company, a NYSE‑listed oil and gas company, since July 2012.

 

 

 

 

 

David H. Barr(4)(6)(9)
The Woodlands, Texas, United States

 

July 2011

 

Corporate director.

 

 

 

 

 

Michael R. Culbert(2)(3)(4)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

March 2014

 

Mr. Culbert is Vice Chairman of Progress Energy Canada Ltd. (“Progress Energy”), an oil and gas company, since November 2016. Prior thereto, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of Progress Energy. He continues to serve as a director on the boards of Progress Energy and Pacific Northwest LNG, each an oil and gas company. 

 

 

 

 

 

Ian C. Dundas
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

July 2013

 

President & Chief Executive Officer of Enerplus since July 2013. Prior thereto, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Enerplus from April 2011 to July 2013. 

 

 

 

 

 

Hilary A. Foulkes(3)(4)(5)(6)(8)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

February 2014

 

Corporate director. Currently Chair, Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co. Securities – Canada, ULC.

 

 

 

 

 

Robert B. Hodgins(2)(3)(7)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

November 2007

 

Corporate director and independent businessman.

 

 

 

 

 

Susan M. MacKenzie(2)(5)(6)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

July 2011

 

Corporate director. Prior thereto, independent consultant from 2010 to 2015.

 

 

 

 

 

Glen D. Roane(2)(3)
Canmore, Alberta, Canada

 

June 2004

 

Corporate director.

 

 

 

 

 

Jeffrey W. Sheets(2)(5)
Houston, Texas, United States

 

December 2017

 

Corporate director. Prior thereto, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of ConocoPhilips Company from October 2010 to February 2016.

 

 

 

 

 

Sheldon B. Steeves(2)(5)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

June 2012

 

Corporate director.

 

Notes:

(1)

Chairman of the board of directors and ex officio member of all committees of the board of directors.

(2)

The Audit & Risk Management Committee is currently comprised of Robert B. Hodgins as Chair, Michael R. Culbert, Susan M. MacKenzie, Glen D. Roane, Jeffrey W. Sheets and Sheldon B. Steeves.

(3)

The Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee is currently comprised of Glen D. Roane as Chair, Michael R. Culbert, Hilary A. Foulkes and Robert B. Hodgins.

(4)

The Compensation & Human Resources Committee is currently comprised of Michael R. Culbert as Chair, David H. Barr, and Hilary A. Foulkes.

(5)

The Reserves Committee is currently comprised of Sheldon B. Steeves as Chair, Hilary A. Foulkes, Susan M. MacKenzie and Jeffrey W. Sheets.

(6)

The Safety & Social Responsibility Committee is currently comprised of David H. Barr as Chair, Hilary A. Foulkes and Susan M. MacKenzie.

(7)

Mr. Hodgins was a director of Skope Energy Inc. ("Skope") from December 15, 2010 to February 19, 2013. On November 27, 2012, Skope was granted protection from its creditors by the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta pursuant to the CCAA to implement a restructuring which was approved by the required majority of Skope's creditors. The restructuring was sanctioned by the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta in February of 2013.

(8)

Ms. Foulkes was a director of Parallel Energy Trust (“Parallel”). On November 9, 2015, Parallel and its affiliated entities filed an application for protection under the CCAA and voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court of Delaware. Ms. Foulkes ceased to be a director of Parallel on March 1, 2016. Parallel filed an assignment in bankruptcy and proceedings under the CCAA were terminated March 2016. 

(9)

Mr. Barr will not be standing for re-election at the Annual Meeting on May 3, 2018.

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    55


 

OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION

 

The name, municipality of residence, position held and principal occupation for the past five years for each officer of the Corporation are set out below.

 

Name and Residence

    

Office

    

Principal Occupation for Past Five Years

 

 

 

 

 

Ian C. Dundas
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

President & Chief Executive Officer

 

President & Chief Executive Officer of Enerplus since July 2013. Prior thereto, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Enerplus from April 2011 to July 2013.

 

 

 

 

 

Jodine J. Jenson Labrie
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

 

Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation since September 2015. Vice President, Finance of the Corporation since July 2013. Prior thereto, Controller, and Senior Manager, Planning & Marketing of Enerplus.

 

 

 

 

 

Raymond J. Daniels
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

Senior Vice President, Operations, People & Culture

 

Senior Vice President, Operations, People & Culture of the Corporation since January 2017. Prior thereto, Senior Vice President, Operations of the Corporation since May 2012.

 

 

 

 

 

Eric G. Le Dain(1)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

Senior Vice President, Corporate Development, Commercial

 

Senior Vice President, Corporate Development, Commercial of the Corporation since July 2013. Prior thereto, Senior Vice President, Strategic Planning, Reserves & Marketing of the Corporation since April 2011.

 

 

 

 

 

Nathan D. Fisher
Denver, Colorado, United States

 

Vice President, U.S. Development & Geosciences

 

Vice President, U.S. Development & Geosciences of the Corporation since September 2015.  Prior thereto, Manager, Geology & Geophysics for U.S. Operations from April 2011 to September 2015. 

 

 

 

 

 

Daniel J. Fitzgerald
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Business Development

 

Vice President, Business Development of the Corporation since September 2015.  From December 2012 to September 2015, Manager, Business Development & Strategic Planning.

 

 

 

 

 

John E. Hoffman
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Canadian Operations

 

Vice President, Canadian Operations of the Corporation since April 2015.  Prior thereto, General Manager, North America Onshore at Suncor Energy Inc. 

 

 

 

 

 

David A. McCoy
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary

 

Vice President, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary of Enerplus.

 

 

 

 

 

Edward L. McLaughlin
Denver, Colorado, United States

 

President, U.S. Operations

 

President, U.S. Operations of the Corporation since May 2012.

 

 

 

 

 

Shaina B. Morihira
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

Vice President, Finance

 

Vice President, Finance of the Corporation since February 2018. From July 2015 to January 2018, Corporate Controller of Enerplus. Prior thereto, Controller, Financial of Progress Energy Canada Ltd. from January 2015 to July 2015.  Prior thereto, Manager, Financial Reporting and Senior Financial Analyst of Progress Energy from April 2008 to December 2014.

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

Mr. Le Dain has announced his intention to retire, effective April 24, 2018.

 

COMMON SHARE OWNERSHIP 

 

As of February 16, 2018, the directors and officers of the Corporation named above beneficially own, or control or exercise direction over, directly or indirectly, an aggregate of 932,163 Common Shares, representing approximately 0.4% of the outstanding Common Shares as of that date.

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 

 

Certain of the directors and officers named above may be directors or officers of issuers or other companies which are in competition with the Corporation, and as such may encounter conflicts of interests in the administration of their duties with respect to the Corporation. In situations where conflicts of interest arise, the Corporation expects the applicable director or

56    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

officer to declare the conflict and, if a director of the Corporation, abstain from voting in respect of such matters on behalf of the Corporation.

 

See "Risk Factors – Conflicts of interest may arise between the Corporation and its directors and officers".

 

AUDIT & RISK MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE DISCLOSURE 

 

The disclosure regarding the Corporation's Audit & Risk Management Committee required under National Instrument 52‑110 adopted by the Canadian securities regulatory authorities is contained in Appendix D to this Annual Information Form.

 

 

 

Legal Proceedings and Regulatory Actions 

 

The Corporation is involved in various claims and litigation arising in the normal course of business. While the outcome of these matters is uncertain and there can be no assurance that such matters will be resolved in the Corporation's favour, the Corporation does not currently believe that the outcome of any pending or threatened proceedings related to these or other matters, or the amounts which the Corporation may be required to pay by reason thereof, would have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Notwithstanding the above, the Corporation is aware of a class action filed in Fort Berthold Tribal Court in November 2017 as Civil Action No. 2017-0505 against the Corporation and fifteen other companies operating on the FBIR (the “Action”). The plaintiffs in the Action are members of the Three Affiliated Tribes who own mineral interests on the FBIR and allege that the defendant companies have committed trespass, failed to pay royalties properly, etc. They seek judgement against the defendant group for $585 million in damages, $500 million in punitive damages, and disgorgement of the value of oil and gas produced from the plaintiffs’ property. The Corporation believes the claim, as against the Corporation, is without merit.

 

 

Interest of Management and Others in Material Transactions 

 

To the knowledge of the directors and executive officers of the Corporation, none of the directors or executive officers of the Corporation and no person or company that is the direct or indirect beneficial owner of, or who exercises control or direction over, more than 10% of any class or series of the Corporation's securities, nor any associate or affiliate of any of the foregoing, has had any material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction with the Corporation since January 1, 2015 or in any proposed transaction that has materially affected or is reasonably expected to materially affect Enerplus.

 

 

 

Material Contracts and Documents Affecting the Rights of Securityholders

 

The Corporation is not a party to any contracts material to its business or operations, other than contracts entered into in the normal course of business.

 

Copies of the following documents entered in the normal course of business and relating to the Credit Facilities have been filed on the Fund's SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com and on Form 6‑K on the Fund's EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov, if they were filed prior to the January 1, 2011 Conversion, and on the Corporation's SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com and on Form 6‑K on the Corporation's EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov, if they were filed on or after the January 1, 2011 Conversion:

 

1.

Amended and Restated Bank Credit Facility (November 5, 2012); the First Amending Agreement relating thereto (January 13, 2014); the Second Amending Agreement relating thereto (May 13, 2014); the Third Amending Agreement relating thereto (SEDAR – December 1, 2014; EDGAR – December 9, 2014); the Fourth Amending Agreement relating thereto (November 6, 2015); and the Fifth Amending Agreement relating thereto (November 7, 2016);

 

2.

Form of the Note Purchase Agreement for the Senior Unsecured Notes issued in 2009 (SEDAR – June 23, 2009; EDGAR – June 25, 2009);

 

3.

Form of the Note Purchase Agreement for the Senior Unsecured Notes issued in 2012 (SEDAR – May 23, 2012; EDGAR – May 24, 2012); and

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    57


 

4.

Form of the Note Purchase Agreement for the Senior Unsecured Notes issued in 2014 (SEDAR – October 10, 2014; EDGAR – October 15, 2014).

 

Copies of the following documents affecting the rights of securityholders have been filed on the Corporation's SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com and on Form 6‑K on the Corporation's EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov.

 

1.

the Articles of Amalgamation (January 2, 2013); By-law No. 1 of the Corporation (June 16, 2014); and By-law No. 2 of the Corporation (May 6, 2016); and

 

2.

the Shareholder Rights Plan, as described under "Description of Capital Structure – Shareholder Rights Plan" (May 6, 2016).

 

 

 

Interests of Experts

 

McDaniel prepared the McDaniel Reports in respect of certain reserves attributable to the Corporation's oil and natural gas properties in Canada and the western United States, a summary of which is contained in this Annual Information Form, and reviewed certain reserves evaluated internally by the Corporation. McDaniel also audited the internal estimates of contingent resources attributable to the Corporation's interests in the Fort Berthold, North Dakota area, and certain of its waterflood assets located in Alberta and Saskatchewan, which are referred to in this Annual Information Form in Appendix A. As of the dates of the McDaniel Reports, the "designated professionals" (as defined in Form 51‑102F2 – Annual Information Form of the Canadian securities regulatory authorities) of McDaniel, as a group, beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, no outstanding Common Shares. NSAI prepared the NSAI Report in respect of the reserves and contingent resources attributable to the Corporation's interests in the Marcellus property, a summary of which is contained in this Annual Information Form. As of the dates of the NSAI Report, the designated professionals of NSAI, as a group, beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, no outstanding Common Shares.

 

KPMG LLP (“KPMG”) was appointed as the auditors of the Corporation on May 31, 2017 and have confirmed with respect to the Corporation, that they are independent within the meaning of the relevant rules and related interpretations prescribed by the relevant professional bodies in Canada and any applicable legislation or regulations, and also that they are independent accountants with respect to the Corporation under all relevant U.S. professional and regulatory standards. Deloitte LLP (“Deloitte”) was the independent registered public accounting firm of the Corporation for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. As of February 24, 2017, and throughout the period covered by the financial statements of the Corporation on which they reported, Deloitte was independent within the meaning of the Rules of Professional Conduct of the Chartered Professional Accountants of Alberta and the rules and standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the securities laws and regulations administered by the SEC. 

 

 

 

Transfer Agent and Registrar

 

The transfer agent and registrar for the Common Shares in Canada is Computershare Trust Company of Canada, at its principal offices in Calgary, Alberta and Toronto, Ontario. Computershare Trust Company N.A. at its principal offices in Golden, Colorado is the transfer agent for the Common Shares in the United States.

 

 

 

Additional Information 

 

Additional information relating to the Corporation may be found on the Corporation's profile on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com, on the EDGAR website at www.sec.gov and on the Corporation's website at www.enerplus.com. Additional information, including directors' and officers' remuneration and indebtedness, principal holders of the Corporation's securities and securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, as applicable, will be contained in the Corporation's information circular and proxy statement with respect to its 2018 annual meeting of shareholders. Furthermore, additional financial information relating to the Corporation is provided in the Corporation's audited consolidated financial statements and MD&A. Shareholders who wish to receive printed copies of these documents free of charge should contact the Corporation's Investor Relations Department using the contact information on the back cover of this Annual Information Form.

 

 

58    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

APPENDIX A

 

Appendix A – Contingent Resources Information

 

NOTE TO READER REGARDING DISCLOSURE OF CONTINGENT RESOURCES INFORMATION

 

All of the Corporation's contingent resources have been evaluated in accordance with NI 51-101. NSAI, an independent petroleum consulting firm based in Dallas, Texas, has evaluated the Corporation's contingent resources attributable to its Marcellus properties located in Pennsylvania, United States, using McDaniel's January 1, 2018 forecast prices. The Corporation has evaluated the balance of its U.S. properties located in North Dakota, United States, and its Canadian properties located in Alberta and Saskatchewan to which contingent resources have been assigned using similar evaluation parameters, including the same forecast price, inflation and exchange rate assumptions utilized by McDaniel. McDaniel has audited the Corporation's internal evaluation of these properties.

 

The following sections and tables summarize, as at December 31, 2017, the Corporation's "best estimate" (as defined below) contingent resources, including risked contingent resource volumes and risked net present value of future net revenue of contingent resources in development pending project maturity sub-class, together with certain information, estimates and assumptions associated with such estimates. The data contained in the tables is a summary of the evaluations, and as a result the tables may contain slightly different numbers than the evaluations themselves due to rounding. Additionally, the columns and rows in the tables may not add due to rounding. 

 

All estimates of future net revenues are stated prior to provision for interest and general and administrative expenses and after deduction of royalties and estimated future capital expenditures, and are presented before deducting income taxes. For additional information, see "Business of the Corporation – Tax Horizon", "Industry Conditions" and "Risk Factors" in the Annual Information Form.

 

With respect to pricing information in the following resources information, the wellhead oil prices were adjusted for quality and transportation based on historical actual prices. The natural gas prices were adjusted, where necessary, based on historical pricing based on heating values and transportation. The NGLs prices were adjusted to reflect historical average prices received.

 

The estimated future net revenue to be derived from the production of the contingent resources set out in this Appendix A is based on the price forecast supplied by McDaniel as of January 1, 2018, and utilized by NSAI and by the Corporation in its internal evaluations for consistency in the Corporation's reporting, and the inflation and exchange rate assumptions set forth under "Oil and Natural Gas Reserves – Forecast Prices and Costs" in the Annual Information Form.  Also see "Presentation of Oil and Gas Reserves, Contingent Resources, and Production Information – Description of Price and Cost Assumptions" in the Annual Information Form. 

 

It should not be assumed that the summary of risked net present value of estimated future cash flows shown in the tables below is representative of the fair market value of the contingent resources. There is no assurance that such price and cost assumptions will be attained and variances could be material. The recovery and contingent resources estimates of the Corporation's crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas contingent resources provided herein are estimates only. Actual resources may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein. Readers should review the definitions and information contained below.

 

Contingent Resources Categories and Levels of Certainty for Reported Resources

 

In this Appendix A, the Corporation has disclosed estimated volumes of economic "contingent resources" which relate to the Corporation's interests in its Fort Berthold property located in North Dakota, its Marcellus shale gas property located in Pennsylvania, and certain of its crude oil waterflood properties located in Alberta and Saskatchewan.

 

"resources" are petroleum quantities that originally existed on or within the earth's crust in naturally occurring accumulations, including discovered and undiscovered (recoverable and unrecoverable) plus quantities already produced.

 

"contingent resources" are defined as those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from known accumulations using established technology or technology under development, but which are not currently considered to be commercially recoverable due to one or more contingencies. Contingencies may include factors such as economic, legal, environmental, political and regulatory matters or a lack of markets. It is also appropriate to classify as "contingent resources" the estimated discovered recoverable quantities associated with a project in the early project stage. "Economic" contingent resources are those resources that are economically recoverable based on McDaniel’s January 1, 2018 forecast prices.

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    A-1


 

The economic contingent resources estimates in this Appendix A are presented as the "best estimate" of the quantity that will actually be recovered, meaning that it is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the “best estimate”, and if probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 50% probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the “best estimate”.

 

"risked" means that the applicable volumes or revenues have been adjusted for the probability of loss or failure in accordance with the COGEH.  See "Description of Properties" below. 

 

Resources and contingent resources do not constitute, and should not be confused with, reserves. See "Business of the Corporation – Description of Properties" and "Risk Factors – The Corporation's actual reserves and resources will vary from its reserves and resources estimates, and those variations could be material".

 

Contingent Resources Development Status

 

Contingent resources may be divided into the following project maturity sub-classes:

 

"development pending" resources sub-class is assigned to contingent resources for a particular project where resolution of the final conditions for development is being actively pursued (there is a high chance of development) and the project is expected to be developed in a reasonable timeframe;

 

"development on hold" resources sub-class is assigned to contingent resources for a particular project where there is a reasonable chance of development, but there are major non-technical contingencies to be resolved that are usually beyond the control of the operator;

 

"development unclarified" resources are those for which additional information is being acquired;

 

"development not viable" resources are those where no further data acquisition or evaluation is currently planned and there is a low chance of development. 

 

All of the Corporation's contingent resources fall into the "development pending" sub-class.

 

CONTINGENT RESOURCES DATA 

 

The following tables set forth the "best estimate" of gross and net risked contingent resources volumes and risked net present value of future net revenue attributable to the Corporation's contingent resources in the development pending project maturity sub-class, at December 31, 2017, using forecast price and cost cases. An estimate of risked net present value of future net revenue of contingent resources is preliminary in nature and is provided to assist the reader in reaching an opinion on the merit and likelihood of the Corporation proceeding with the required investment. It includes contingent resources that are considered too uncertain with respect to the chance of development to be classified as reserves. There is no certainty that the estimate of risked net present value of future net revenue will be realized.

 

Summary of Risked Oil and Gas

Contingent Resources (Forecast Prices and Costs)

As of December 31, 2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CONTINGENT RESOURCES

PROJECT MATURITY SUB-CLASS

 

Light &
Medium Oil

 

Heavy Oil

 

Tight Oil

 

Natural Gas
Liquids

 

Conventional
Natural Gas

 

Shale Gas

 

Total

 

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

    

Gross

    

Net

 

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(Mbbls)

 

(MMcf)

 

(MMcf)

 

(MMcf)

 

(MMcf)

 

(MBOE)

 

(MBOE)

Development Pending

 

3,414

 

2,930

 

23,694

 

20,166

 

60,565

 

48,353

 

5,822

 

4,648

 

810

 

700

 

619,204

 

495,317

 

196,830

 

158,766

 

Risked Net Present Value of Future Net Revenue

Contingent Resources (Forecast Prices and Costs)

As of December 31, 2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RISKED NET PRESENT VALUE OF FUTURE NET REVENUE DISCOUNTED AT (%/Year)

 

 

Before Deducting Income Taxes

PROJECT MATURITY SUB-CLASS

    

0%

 

5%

 

10%

 

15%

 

20%

 

 

(in $ millions)

Development Pending

 

3,445.5

 

1,494.2

 

711.4

 

347.6

 

162.0

 

A-2    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES 

 

Outlined below is a description of the Corporation's "best estimate" of economic contingent resources for its Canadian and U.S. crude oil and natural gas properties and assets. There is no certainty it will be commercially viable to produce, or that the Corporation will produce, any portion of the volumes currently classified as "contingent resources".

 

Canadian Crude Oil Properties

 

The Corporation has conducted an internal evaluation of the contingent resources associated with a portion of its crude oil waterflood properties which has resulted in an unrisked "best estimate" of 34.1 MMBOE (27.2 MMBOE risked) being classified as economic contingent resources effective as of December 31, 2017. The unrisked net present value of future net revenue, discounted at 10%, of these contingent resources is $241.4 million ($193.1 million risked). This internal evaluation has been independently audited by McDaniel. Improved oil recovery from five existing waterfloods through optimization work accounts for approximately 12.8 MMBOE of the total volumes, 8.5 MMBOE from areas producing heavy crude oil and 4.3 MMBOE from areas producing light or medium crude oil. Approximately 21.3 MMBOE of the total is attributable to heavy crude oil EOR projects in the Corporation's Giltedge property and the Medicine Hat Glauconitic "C" East Unit where polymer flood projects are underway. To implement the projects to recover the contingent resources, it is estimated that $713.8 million of capital will be required. For the improved oil recovery projects, this capital will be spent from 2019 to 2026, and from 2018 to 2045 for the EOR polymer flood projects. As work proceeds and assessed results continue to support the economic viability of these projects, each year a portion of contingent resources is anticipated to be reclassified as reserves. Although further EOR projects are being contemplated on certain of the Corporation's other Canadian crude oil properties, these have not been fully evaluated and no contingent resources have been assessed. 

 

Significant positive factors embedded in this estimate include well‑established waterflood technology, a long history of waterflood performance data and success with the EOR projects that have been implemented. The EOR estimates are based on incremental recovery from higher displacement efficiency without any improvement in areal sweep. A significant negative factor relevant to this estimate is the geological complexity and its effect on injector producer connectivity. These resources are all classified into "development pending" project maturity sub-class as the Corporation is actively pursuing these projects. The chance of development is estimated to be 80% for the waterflood contingent resources based on the favourable results to date and the slight variability of the reservoirs. The contingency preventing these resources from being classified as reserves is the early stage of implementation to the specific waterfloods and the lack of internal approvals for full field implementation. There are several inherent risks and contingencies associated with the development of these properties, including the Corporation's ability to make the necessary capital expenditures to develop the properties, reliance on the Corporation's industry partners in project development, acquisitions, funding and provision of services and those other risks and contingencies described above and that apply generally to oil and gas operations as described above and under "Risk Factors" in the Annual Information Form.

 

U.S. Crude Oil Properties

 

An evaluation of the Corporation's interests in the Bakken and Three Forks formations at Fort Berthold, North Dakota conducted internally by the Corporation and audited by McDaniel has attributed an unrisked "best estimate" of 79.2 MMBOE (71.2 MMBOE risked) of economic contingent resources attributable to these formations, effective as of December 31, 2017, a decrease of approximately 34% from the estimate as of December 31, 2016. The decrease compared to 2016 was the result of 21.4 MMBOE of contingent resources being converted to undeveloped reserves and 19.2 MMBOE removed due to an applied maximum recovery factor limitation and economic truncation. The recovery of these tight oil contingent resources is under a primary solution gas drive through horizontal wells completed with multiple fracture treatments. These contingent resources represent approximately 157.9 net future drilling locations over and above 119.6 net booked drilling locations identified in the Corporation's booked proved plus probable reserves. The capital required to drill these locations is estimated to be US$1,446.2 million (or CDN$1,713.7 million) between 2021 and 2025. These estimates are based primarily upon a drilling density of up to 10 wells per drilling spacing unit in the Bakken and Three Forks formations combined. The contingent resources average expected ultimate recovery per well is estimated at 510 MBOE. These contingent resources are economic using established technologies and under current forecast commodity prices. Given the drilling density to date, these contingent resources represent a non‑reserve land utilization of 100% for the operated lands. All of these contingent resources are classified into "development pending" project maturity sub-class, with an estimated chance of development of 90% as their development is expected to immediately follow the reserves development. After application of the chance of development, the risked NPV is $330.0 million. The Corporation has approximately 155.2 net reserves wells currently on production in this area. 

 

The primary contingencies which currently prevent the classification of the Corporation's disclosed contingent resources associated with the Fort Berthold, North Dakota property as reserves consist of i)  a  lack of corporate approval for development, and ii) undeveloped reserves. Significant positive factors related to the estimate include continued advancement of drilling and completion technology, and performance of producing wells that continues to exceed expectations resulting in positive revisions to reserves. Another factor related to the estimate is the limited long‑term

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    A-3


 

performance history in the immediate area of the contingent resources. There are a number of inherent risks and contingencies associated with the development of the interests in the property including commodity price fluctuations, project costs, the Corporation's ability to make the necessary capital expenditures to develop the properties, reliance on industry partners in project development, funding and provision of services and those other risks and contingencies described above and that apply generally to oil and gas operations as described above and under "Risk Factors" in the Annual Information Form.

 

U.S. Natural Gas Properties

 

NSAI has conducted an independent assessment of the contingent resources attributable to the Corporation's interests in the Marcellus property and has provided an unrisked "best estimate" of economic shale gas contingent resources of approximately 737.6 Bcf (590.1 Bcf risked) at December 31, 2017. The unrisked NPV associated with these contingent resources is $235.4 million ($188.3 million risked). Approximately 90.5 Bcf of contingent resources were reclassified as reserves in 2017. The remaining contingent resources are economic based on the forecast price and cost assumptions used for the Corporation's year‑end 2017 reserves evaluations. This estimate represents a non-reserve land utilization rate of 95% and average well ultimate recovery of approximately 10.4 Bcf. These contingent resources are classified into "development pending" project maturity sub-class as it is anticipated their development will be a continuation of the current reserves development. These contingent resources have an estimated 80% chance of development. It is also estimated that US$547.3 million (or CDN$643.9 million) of capital will be required to develop these contingent resources with multifractured horizontal wells, and development will occur from 2021 to 2029. The primary contingencies which currently prevent the classification of the Corporation's disclosed contingent resources associated with its Marcellus interests as reserves consist of additional delineation drilling to confirm economic productivity in the immediate vicinity of the development areas, limitations to development based on adverse topography or other surface restrictions, the uncertainty regarding marketing and transportation of natural gas from development areas, the receipt of all required regulatory permits and approvals to develop the land, and limited access to confidential information of other operators in the Marcellus formation that would support the recognition of reserves on the Corporation's areas of interest. Significant negative factors related to the estimate include the following: the pace of development, including drilling and infrastructure, is slower than the forecast, risk of adverse regulatory and tax changes, and other issues related to gas development in populated areas. There are a number of inherent risks and contingencies associated with the development of the Corporation's interests in the Marcellus property including commodity price fluctuations, project costs, the Corporation's ability to make the necessary capital expenditures to develop the properties, reliance on the Corporation's industry partners in project development, funding and provision of services and those other risks and contingencies described above and that apply generally to oil and gas operations as described above and under "Risk Factors" in the Annual Information Form.

 

 

A-4    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

APPENDIX B

 

 

Appendix B – Report on Reserves Data and Contingent Resources Data by Independent Qualified Reserves Evaluator or Auditor

 

To the board of directors of Enerplus Corporation (the “Corporation”):

 

1.

We have audited, evaluated and reviewed, as applicable, the Corporation’s reserves data and contingent resources data as at December 31, 2017. The reserves data are estimates of proved reserves and probable reserves and related future net revenue as at December 31, 2017, estimated using forecast prices and costs. The contingent resources data are risked estimates of volume of contingent resources and related risked net present value of future net revenue as at December 31, 2017, estimated using forecast prices and costs.

 

2.

The reserves data and contingent resources data are the responsibility of the Corporation’s management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the reserves data and contingent resources data based on our audit, evaluation and review.

 

3.

We carried out our audit, evaluation and review, as applicable, in accordance with standards set out in the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook as amended from time to time (the “COGE Handbook”) maintained by the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (Calgary Chapter).

 

4.

Those standards require that we plan and perform an audit, evaluation and review, as applicable, to obtain reasonable assurance as to whether the reserves data and contingent resources data are free of material misstatement.  An audit, evaluation and review also includes assessing whether the reserves data and contingent resources data are in accordance with principles and definitions presented in the COGE Handbook.

 

5.

The following table sets forth the net present value of future net revenue (before deduction of income taxes) attributed to proved plus probable reserves, estimated using forecast prices and costs and calculated using a discount rate of 10 percent, included in the reserves data of the Corporation evaluated and reviewed for the year ended December 31, 2017, and identifies the respective portions thereof that we have evaluated and reviewed and reported on to the Corporation’s management:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Independent

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Qualified

 

 

 

 

 

Net Present Value of Future Net Revenue

Reserves

 

Effective Date of

 

 

 

(before income taxes, 10% discount rate)

Evaluator

 

Evaluation or Review

 

Location of

 

(in $ thousands)

or Auditor

  

Report

    

Reserves

    

Audited

    

Evaluated

    

Reviewed

    

Total

McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd.

 

December 31, 2017

 

Canada

 

-

 

$

425,396.4

 

$

290,752.5

 

$

716,148.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd.

 

December 31, 2017

 

North Dakota, Montana & Colorado, USA

 

-

 

US$

2,011,802.30

(1)

 

-

 

US$

2,011,802.3(1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc.

 

December 31, 2017

 

Pennsylvania, USA

 

-

 

US$

572,792.00

(1)

 

-

 

US$

572,792.0(1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTALS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

3,520,198.0

 

$

290,752.5

 

$

3,810,950.5

 

(1)    Future net revenue in $US was converted to $Cdn using McDaniel’s forecast of exchange rates. These are 0.79 for 2018 and 2019, 0.80 for 2020, 0.825 for 2021 and 0.85 thereafter.

 

6.

The following table sets forth the risked volume and risked net present value of future net revenue of contingent resources (before deduction of income taxes) attributed to contingent resources, estimated using forecast prices and costs and calculated using a discount rate of 10 percent, included in the Corporation’s statement prepared in accordance with Form 51-101F1 and identifies the respective portions of the contingent resources that we have audited and evaluated and reported on to the Corporation’s management:

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    B-1


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Independent

 

Effective

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Qualified

 

Date of

 

Location of

 

 

 

Risked Net Present Value of Future Net Revenue

 

 

Reserves

 

Audit or

 

Resources

 

Risked

 

(before income taxes, 10% discount rate)

 

 

Evaluator

 

Evaluation

 

Other than

 

Volume

 

(in $ thousands)

Classification

    

or Auditor

    

Report

    

Reserves

    

(MMBOE)

    

Audited

    

Evaluated

    

Total

Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C)

 

McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd.

 

December 31, 2017

 

Canada

 

27.2

 

$

193,108.8

$

 -

$

 

193,108.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C)

 

McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd.

 

December 31, 2017

 

North Dakota, USA

 

71.2

 

$US

284,544.7

$

 -

$US

 

284,544.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C)

 

Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc.

 

December 31, 2017

 

Pennsylvania, USA

 

98.3

 

$

 -

$US

160,046.1

$US

 

160,046.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7.

In our opinion, the reserves data and contingent resources data, respectively, audited and evaluated by us have, in all material respects, been determined and are in accordance with the COGE Handbook, consistently applied. We express no opinion on the reserves data that we reviewed but did not audit or evaluate.

 

8.

We have no responsibility to update our reports referred to in paragraphs 5 and 6 for events and circumstances occurring after the respective effective dates of our reports.

 

9.

Because the reserves data and contingent resources data are based on judgments regarding future events, actual results will vary and the variations may be material.

 

10.

Executed as to our report referred to above:

 

 

 

 

MCDANIEL & ASSOCIATES CONSULTANTS LTD.

 

NETHERLAND, SEWELL & ASSOCIATES, INC.

“signed by P.A. Welch”

    

“signed by Joseph J. Spellman”

P.A. Welch, P.Eng.

 

Joseph J. Spellman, P.E.

President & Managing Director

 

Senior Vice President

 

 

 

Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 

Texas Registered Engineering Firm F-2699

 

 

Dallas, Texas, USA

 

 

 

February 22, 2018

 

February 22, 2018

 

 

 

 

B-2    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

APPENDIX C

 

Appendix C – Report of Management and Directors on Oil and Gas Disclosure 

 

Terms to which a meaning is described in CSA Staff Notice 51‑324 – Glossary to NI 51‑101 Standards of Disclosure for Oil and Gas Activities have the same meaning herein.

 

Management of Enerplus Corporation (the "Corporation") is responsible for the preparation and disclosure of information with respect to the Corporation's oil and gas activities in accordance with securities regulatory requirements. This information includes reserves data and contingent resources data.

 

Independent qualified reserves evaluators have evaluated, reviewed and audited, as applicable, the Corporation's reserves data and contingent resources data. The report of the independent qualified reserves evaluators is presented as Appendix B to this Annual Information Form.

 

The Reserves Committee of the board of directors of the Corporation has:

 

(a)

reviewed the Corporation's procedures for providing information to the independent qualified reserves evaluators

 

(b)

met with the independent qualified reserves evaluators to determine whether any restrictions affected the ability of the independent qualified reserves evaluators to report without reservation and

 

(c)

reviewed the reserves data and contingent resources data with management and the independent qualified reserves evaluators

 

The Reserves Committee of the board of directors of the Corporation has reviewed the Corporation's procedures for assembling and reporting other information associated with oil and gas activities and has reviewed that information with management. The board of directors of the Corporation has, on the recommendation of the Reserves Committee, approved:

 

(a)

the content and filing with securities regulatory authorities of Form 51‑101F1 containing reserves data, contingent resources data and other oil and gas information

 

(b)

the filing of Form 51‑101F2 which is the report of the independent qualified reserves evaluators on the reserves and resources data and

 

(c)

the content and filing of this report

 

Because the reserves data and contingent resources data are based on judgments regarding future events, actual results will vary and the variations may be material.

 

ENERPLUS CORPORATION

    

 

 

 

 

"Ian C. Dundas"

 

"Eric G. Le Dain"

 

 

 

Ian C. Dundas

 

Eric G. Le Dain

President & Chief Executive Officer

 

Senior Vice President, Corporate Development,

 

 

Commercial

 

 

 

"Elliott Pew"

 

"Sheldon B. Steeves"

Elliott Pew

 

Sheldon B. Steeves

Director

 

Director

 

 

 

February 23, 2018

 

 

 

 

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    C-1


 

APPENDIX D

 

 

Appendix D – Audit & Risk Management Committee Disclosure Pursuant to National Instrument 52‑110 

 

A.THE AUDIT & RISK MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE'S CHARTER

 

The charter of the Audit & Risk Management Committee (the "Committee") of the board of directors of the Corporation is included in this Appendix D.

 

B.COMPOSITION OF THE AUDIT & RISK MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE

 

The current members of the Committee are Robert B. Hodgins (Chairman), Michael. R. Culbert, Susan M. MacKenzie, Glen D. Roane, Jeffrey W. Sheets and Sheldon B. Steeves. Each member of the Committee is independent and financially literate within the meaning of National Instrument 52‑110.

 

C.RELEVANT EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE

 

Name (Director Since)

    

Principal Occupation and Biography

 

 

 

Robert B. Hodgins
(Honors B.A. (Business), CPA, CA)

(Director since November 2007)

Other Public Directorships

     AltaGas Ltd. (energy midstream services)

     Gran Tierra Energy Inc. (international oil and gas exploration and production company)

     MEG Energy Corp. (oil sands company)

 

Mr. Hodgins has been an independent businessman since November 2004. Prior to that, Mr. Hodgins served as the Chief Financial Officer of Pengrowth Energy Trust (a TSX and NYSE‑listed energy trust) from 2002 to 2004. Prior to that, Mr. Hodgins held the position of Vice President and Treasurer of Canadian Pacific Limited (a diversified energy, transportation and hotels company) from 1998 to 2002 and was Chief Financial Officer of TransCanada PipeLines Limited (a TSX and NYSE‑listed energy transportation company) from 1993 to 1998. Mr. Hodgins received an Honors Bachelor of Arts in Business from the Richard Ivey School of Business at the University of Western Ontario in 1975 and received a Chartered Accountant designation and was admitted as a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario in 1977 and Alberta in 1991.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Michael R. Culbert

(B.Sc. (Business Administration))

(Director since February 2014)

 

Mr. Culbert is Vice Chairman of Progress Energy Canada Ltd. (“Progress Energy”), an oil and gas company, since November 2016. He continues to serve as a director on the boards of Progress Energy and Pacific Northwest LNG, each an oil and gas company.  Prior thereto, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of Progress Energy. 

 

 

Susan M. MacKenzie
(B. Eng. (Mechanical)), MBA

(Director since July 2011)

Other Public Directorships

     Freehold Royalties  (oil and gas royalty focused company)

·

Precision Drilling Corporation (oil and gas services company)

·

TransGlobe Energy Corporation (oil and gas company)

 

 

 

 

Ms. MacKenzie has over 25 years of energy sector experience, most recently serving as Chief Operating Officer with Oilsands Quest Inc. in 2010, and currently serves as a director of Enerplus, Freehold Royalties LTD., a Canadian oil and gas royalty focused company, Precision Drilling Corporation, an oil and gas services company, and TransGlobe Energy Corporation, a Canadian oil and gas company. Prior to that, Ms. Mackenzie enjoyed a 12-year career at Petro-Canada where she held senior roles including Vice-President of Human Resources and Vice President of In Situ Development & Operations. Ms. MacKenzie was also with Amoco Canada for 14 years in a variety of engineering and leadership roles in natural gas, conventional oil and heavy oil exploitation. Ms. MacKenzie is a member of the Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists of Alberta (APEGGA).

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    D-1


 

Name (Director Since)

    

Principal Occupation and Biography

 

 

 

Glen D. Roane

(B.A., MBA)

(Director since June 2004)

Other Public Directorships

     Badger Daylighting Ltd. (provider of non‑destructive excavation services)

     Crown Capital Partners, Inc. (financing company)

 

Mr. Roane is a corporate director and currently serves as a director of Enerplus, Badger Daylighting Ltd., and Crown Capital Partners, Inc.  Previously, he served as a board member of a number of TSX-listed energy/ resources companies.  Mr. Roane also served two terms as a Member of the Alberta Securities Commission. Mr. Roane retired from TD Asset Management Inc., a subsidiary of the Toronto-Dominion Bank in 1997. Mr. Roane is a director of GBC American Growth Fund Inc., a Canadian mutual fund corporation. Mr. Roane holds a Bachelor of Arts and an MBA from Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario and also holds the ICD.D designation from the Institute of Corporate Directors.

 

 

 

 

Jeffrey W. Sheets
(B.Sc. (Chemical Engineering), MBA (Finance))

(Director since December 2017)

Other Public Directorships

     Westlake Chemical Corporation (chemicals and plastics sales and manufacturing)

 

 

 

Mr. Sheets served as executive vice president and chief financial officer of ConocoPhillips Company from October 2010 to February 2016. Mr. Sheets was associated with ConocoPhillips and its predecessor companies for more than 36 years and served in a variety of roles, including senior vice president of planning and strategy as well as vice president and treasurer. He began his career in 1980 as a process engineer with Phillips Petroleum Company. Mr. Sheets also serves on the Board of Directors of Westlake Chemical Corporation and is a former director of DCP Midstream Partners LP. Mr. Sheets received a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from the Missouri University of Science and Technology and an MBA from the University of Houston. Mr. Sheets is a member of the Board of Trustees at the Missouri University of Science and Technology.

 

 

 

Sheldon B. Steeves

(B.Sc. (Geology))

(Director since June 2012)

Other Public Directorships

     NuVista Energy Ltd. (oil and gas exploration and production company)

     PrairieSky Royalty Ltd. (oil and gas royalty-focused company)

 

Mr. Steeves has over 38 years of experience in the North American oil and gas industry and is currently a director of NuVista Energy Ltd., a TSX‑listed Canadian oil and gas company with operations in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, and of PrairieSky Royalty Ltd., a TSX-listed Canadian oil and gas royalty-focused company. From January 2001 until April 2012, Mr. Steeves was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Echoex Ltd., a junior oil and gas private company focused on greenfield organic growth in Western Canada. Mr. Steeves spent over 15 years at Renaissance Energy Ltd., where he was appointed Chief Operating Officer in 1997. Mr. Steeves holds a Bachelor of Science in Geology from the University of Calgary.

 

D.PRE‑APPROVAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

The Committee has implemented a policy restricting the services that may be provided by the Corporation's auditors and the fees paid to the Corporation's auditors. Prior to the engagement of the Corporation's auditors to perform both audit and non‑audit services, the Committee pre‑approves the provision of the services. In making their determination regarding non‑audit services, the Committee considers the compliance with the policy and the provision of non‑audit services in the context of avoiding impact on auditor independence. All audit and non‑audit fees paid to KPMG and Deloitte in 2017 and 2016 were pre‑approved by the Committee. Based on the Committee's discussions with management and the independent auditors, the Committee is of the view that the provision of the non‑audit services by KPMG and Deloitte described above is compatible with maintaining that firm's independence from the Corporation.

 

E.EXTERNAL AUDITOR SERVICE FEES

 

The aggregate fees paid by the Corporation to KPMG (after May 31, 2017) and Deloitte (before May 31, 2017 and for the year ended December 31, 2016), each an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, and the independent auditors of Enerplus at relevant times, for professional services rendered in Enerplus' last two fiscal years are as follows:

D-2    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

2017

    

2016

 

 

(in $ thousands)

Audit fees(1)

 

$

742.5

 

$

654.7

Audit-related fees(2)

 

 

 

 

 

 -

Tax fees(3)

 

 

125.8

 

 

43.9

All other fees(4)

 

 

15.2

 

 

 -

Total

 

$

883.5

 

$

698.6

 

Notes:

(1)

Audit fees were for professional services rendered by Deloitte/KPMG for the audit of the Corporation's annual financial statements and review of the Corporation's quarterly financial statements, as well as services provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

(2)

Audit‑related fees are for assurance and related services provide by Deloitte/KPMG reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Corporation's financial statements and not reported under "Audit fees" above.

(3)

Tax fees were for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.

(4)

All other fees related to products and services provided by Deloitte/KPMG other than those described as "Audit fees", "Audit‑related fees" and "Tax fees". For 2017, other fees include French translation services.

 

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    D-3


 

AUDIT & RISK MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE CHARTER

 

I.         AUTHORITY

 

The Audit & Risk Management Committee (the “Committee”) of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Enerplus Corporation (the “Corporation”) shall be comprised of three or more Directors as determined from time to time by resolution of the Board.  Consistent with the appointment of other Board committees, the members of the Committee shall be elected by the Board at the first meeting of the Board following each annual meeting of Shareholders of the Corporation or at such other time as may be determined by the Board. The Chair of the Committee shall be designated by the Board, provided that if the Board does not so designate a Chair, the members of the Committee, by majority vote, may designate a Chair.  The presence in person or by telephone of a majority of the Committee’s members shall constitute a quorum for any meeting of the Committee. All actions of the Committee will require the vote of a majority of its members present at a meeting of the Committee at which a quorum is present.

 

Members of the Committee do not receive any compensation from the Corporation other than compensation as directors and committee members. Prohibited compensation includes fees paid, directly or indirectly, for services as consultant or as legal or financial advisor, regardless of the amount, but excludes any compensation approved by the Board and that is paid to the directors as members of the Board and its committees.

 

II.         PURPOSE OF THE COMMITTEE

 

The Committee’s mandate is to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to:

 

1.          financial reporting and continuous disclosure of the Corporation

2.          the Corporation’s internal controls and policies, the certification process and compliance with regulatory requirements over financial matters

3.          evaluating and monitoring the performance and independence of the Corporation’s external auditors and

4.          monitoring the manner in which the business risks of the Corporation are being identified and managed

 

The Committee shall report to the Board on a regular basis with regard to such matters. The Committee has direct responsibility to recommend the appointment of the external auditors and approve their remuneration. The Committee may take such actions as it deems necessary to satisfy itself that the Corporation’s auditors are independent of management. It is the objective of the Committee to maintain free and open communication among the Board, the external auditors, and the financial senior management of the Corporation.

 

III.         COMPOSITION AND COMPETENCY OF THE COMMITTEE

 

Each member of the Committee shall be unrelated to the Corporation and, as such, shall be free from any relationship that may interfere with the exercise of his or her independent judgement as a member of the Committee.  All members of the Committee shall be financially literate and at least one member of the Committee shall have accounting or related financial management expertise – "literate” or “literacy” and “expertise” as defined by applicable securities legislation.  Members are encouraged to enhance their understanding of current issues through means of their preference.

 

IV.        MEETINGS OF THE COMMITTEE

 

The Committee shall meet with such frequency and at such intervals as it shall determine is necessary to carry out its duties and responsibilities. As part of its purpose to foster open communications, the Committee shall meet at least quarterly with management and the Corporation’s external auditors in separate executive sessions to discuss any matters that the Committee or each of these groups or persons believes should be discussed privately. The Chair works with the Chief Financial Officer and external auditors to establish the agendas for Committee meetings, ensuring that each party’s expectations are understood and addressed. The Committee, in its discretion, may ask members of management or others to attend its meetings (or portions thereof) and to provide pertinent information as necessary. The Committee shall maintain minutes of its meetings and records relating to those meetings and the Committee’s activities and provide copies of such minutes to the Board.

 

V.         DUTIES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE

 

Evaluating and monitoring the performance and independence of external auditors

 

1.          Make recommendations to the Board on the appointment of external auditors of the Corporation

 

2.          Review and approve the Corporation’s external auditors’ annual engagement letter, including the proposed fees contained therein

 

D-4    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

 

3.          Review the performance of the external auditors and make recommendations to the Board regarding their replacement when circumstances warrant.  The review shall take into consideration the evaluation made by management of the external auditors’ performance and shall include:

 

a)          review annually the external auditors’ quality control, any material issues raised by the most recent quality control review, or peer review, of the firm, or any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities of the firm within the preceding five years, and any steps taken to deal with such issues

 

b)          obtain assurances from the external auditors that the audit was conducted in accordance with Canadian and U.S. generally accepted auditing standards and

 

c)          ensure that management interacts professionally with the auditors and confirm such behavior annually with both parties

 

4.          Oversee the independence of the external auditors by, among other things:

 

a)          requiring the external auditors to deliver to the Committee on a periodic basis a formal written statement detailing all relationships between the external auditors and the Corporation

 

b)          reviewing and approving the Corporation’s hiring policies regarding partners, employees and former partners and employees of current and former external auditors

 

c)          actively engaging in a dialogue with the external auditors with respect to any disclosed relationships or services that may impact the objectivity and independence of the external auditors and recommending that the Board take appropriate action to satisfy itself of the auditors’ independence    

 

d)          pre-approving the nature of non-audit related services and the fees thereon 

 

e)          conducting private sessions with the external auditors and encouraging direct communications between the Chair of the Committee and the audit partner 

 

f)           instructing the Corporation’s external auditors that they are ultimately accountable to the Committee and the Board and that the Committee and the Board are responsible for the selection (subject to Shareholder approval), evaluation and termination of the Corporation’s external auditors

 

g)          have a private meeting with the external auditors at every quarterly Committee meeting

 

h)          obtain annually the auditors’ views on competency and integrity of the Committee and senior financial executives

 

Oversight of annual and quarterly financial statements, management discussion and analysis and press releases

 

5.          Review and approve the annual audit plan of the external auditors, including the scope of audit activities, and monitor such plan’s progress and results quarterly and at year end

 

6.          Confirm, through private discussions with the external auditors and management, that no restrictions are being placed on the scope of the external auditors’ work

 

7.          Review the appropriateness of management’s representation letter transmitted to the external auditors

 

8.          Receipt of certifications from the CEO and CFO

 

9.          Review with management the adequacy of annual and quarterly financial statements and disclosure in the management discussion and analysis and press release and recommend approval to the Board of:

 

a)          satisfactory answers from management following the review of the annual and quarterly financial statements and management discussion and analysis and press release

 

b)          the qualitative judgments of the external auditors about the appropriateness, not just the acceptability, of accounting principles and financial disclosure practices used or proposed to be adopted by the Corporation and, particularly, their views about alternate accounting treatments and their effects on the financial results

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    D-5


 

 

c)          the methods used to account for significant unusual transactions

 

d)          the effect of significant accounting policies in controversial or emerging areas for which there is a lack of authoritative guidance or consensus

 

e)          management’s process for formulating sensitive accounting estimates and the reasonableness of these estimates

 

f)           significant recorded and unrecorded audit adjustments

 

g)          any material accounting issues among management and the external auditors

 

h)          other matters required to be communicated to the Committee by the external auditors under generally accepted auditing standards and

 

i)           management’s acknowledgement of its responsibility towards the financial statements

 

j)           significant legal, compliance or regulatory matters that may have a material effect on the financial statements or the business of the organization (including material notices to, or inquiries received from, governmental agencies) and

 

k)          receive the report from the Reserves Committee over the appropriateness of reported reserves and resources

 

Oversight of financial reporting process, internal controls, the continuous disclosure and certification process and compliance with regulatory requirements

 

10.        Establishment of the Corporation’s Whistleblower Policy for the submission, receipt, retention and treatment of complaints and concerns regarding accounting and auditing matters, and review any developments and responses on reports received thereunder

 

11.        Review the adequacy and effectiveness of the financial reporting system and internal control policies and procedures with the external auditors and management.  Ensure that the Corporation complies with all new regulations in this regard

 

12.        Review with management the Corporation’s internal controls, and evaluate whether the Corporation is operating in accordance with prescribed policies and procedures

 

13.        Review with management and the external auditors any reportable condition and material weaknesses affecting internal controls

 

14.        Review the management disclosure and oversight Committee’s CEO and CFO certification processes to ensure compliance with US and Canadian requirements

 

15.        Receive periodic reports from the external auditors and management to assess the impact of significant accounting or financial reporting developments proposed by the CICA, the AICPA, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC, the relevant Canadian securities commissions, stock exchanges or other regulatory body, or any other significant accounting or financial reporting related matters that may have a bearing on the Corporation and

 

16.        Review annually the report of the external auditors on the Corporation’s internal controls over financial reporting describing any material issues raised by the most recent reviews of internal controls and management information systems or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities and any recommendations made and steps taken to deal with any such issues

 

Review of Business Risks

 

17.        Review with management the process followed to do the Corporation’s risk assessment and the policies to monitor, mitigate and report such business risks

 

Other Matters

 

18.        Review of appointment or dismissal of senior financial executives

 

D-6    ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM


 

 

 

19.        Conduct or authorize investigations into any matters within the Committee’s scope of responsibilities, including retaining outside counsel or other consultants or experts for this purpose

 

20.        Review the disclosure made in the Annual Information Form, 40-F and the Information Circular regarding the Committee 

 

21.        Establish and maintain a free and open means of communication between the Board, the Committee, the external auditors, and management

 

22.        Perform such additional activities, and consider such other matters, within the scope of its responsibilities, as the Committee or the Board deems necessary or appropriate and

 

23.        Once a year, review the adequacy of its Charter and bring to the attention of the Board required changes, if any, for approval.  The Committee is also reviewed annually by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, which reports its findings to the Board

 

24.        Hold an in-camera session of the independent members of the Committee at each meeting of the Committee

 

While the Committee has the duties and responsibilities set forth in this Charter, the Committee is not responsible for planning or conducting the audit or for determining whether the Corporation’s financial statements are complete and accurate and are in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  Similarly, it is not the responsibility of the Committee to resolve disagreements, if any, between management and the external auditors.  While it is acknowledged that the Committee is not legally obliged to ensure that the Corporation complies with all laws and regulations, the spirit and intent of this Charter is that the Committee shall take reasonable steps to encourage the Corporation to act in full compliance therewith.

 

 

 

ENERPLUS 2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM    D-7


 

 

 

Picture 3

 

Enerplus Corporation

 

The Dome Tower
3000, 333 ‑ 7th Avenue S.W.
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
T2P 2Z1
Telephone: 403.298.2200
Toll free: 1.800.319.6462
Fax: 403.298.2211
www.enerplus.com