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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Interim Tax Provision
To calculate the interim tax provision, at the end of each interim period the Company estimates the annual effective tax rate and applies that to its ordinary quarterly earnings. The effect of changes in the enacted tax laws or rates is recognized in the interim period in which the change occurs. The computation of the annual estimated effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and judgments including, but not limited to, the expected operating income for the year, projections of the proportion of income earned and taxed in foreign jurisdictions, permanent differences between book and tax amounts, and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets generated in the current year. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained, or the tax environment changes.
The Company’s effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2018 and 2017 differs from the statutory rate due to the U.S. valuation allowance, foreign income taxed at local statutory rates, and accrued withholding taxes. The change in the net effective tax rate from 2017 to 2018 is primarily due to increased profitability within the U.S. entity as the Company maintains a full valuation allowance against the U.S. deferred tax assets.
2017 Tax Act
In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”) introduced significant changes to U.S. income tax law. Effective 2018, the 2017 Tax Act reduced the U.S. statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% and created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings.
Due to the timing of the enactment and the complexity involved in applying the provisions of the 2017 Tax Act, the Company made reasonable estimates of the effects and recorded provisional amounts in its financial statements as of December 31, 2017. As the Company collects and prepares necessary data, interprets the 2017 Tax Act and any additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), and other standard-setting bodies, the Company may make adjustments to the provisional amounts. There were no adjustments made in the first quarter of 2018. As of March 31, 2018 the accounting for the tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act, in particular the effect of the transition tax on foreign earnings, were not completed. The Company expects the accounting for these effects to be completed during the year ending December 31, 2018.