S-1/A 1 ds1a.htm FORM S-1/A AMENDMENT #2 Form S-1/A Amendment #2
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 9, 2007.

Registration No. 333-142368

 


UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


Amendment No. 2 to

Form S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Under

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 


VMWARE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

DELAWARE   7372   94-3292913

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

 


3401 Hillview Avenue

Palo Alto, CA 94304

(650) 427-5000

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 


Rashmi Garde, Esq.

Vice President and General Counsel

VMware, Inc.

3401 Hillview Avenue

Palo Alto, CA 94304

(650) 427-5000

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 


Copies to:

 

Margaret A. Brown, Esq.

Thomas J. Ivey, Esq.

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

One Beacon Street

Boston, Massachusetts 02108

(617) 573-4800

  

Paul T. Dacier, Esq.

EMC Corporation

176 South Street

Hopkinton, Massachusetts 01748

(508) 435-1000

  

Allan G. Sperling, Esq.

David C. Lopez, Esq.

Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP

One Liberty Plaza

New York, New York 10006

(212) 225-2000

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.  ¨

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ¨

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

 
Title of each class of securities to be registered    Proposed maximum aggregate
offering price(1)(2)
   Amount of
registration fee(3)

Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

   $948,750,000    $29,126.63
 
(1)   Includes shares of Class A common stock to be sold upon exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, if any.
(2)   Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933.
(3)   $3,070 of which has been previously paid.

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 



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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 9, 2007

P R O S P E C T U S

LOGO

33,000,000 Shares

VMware, Inc.

Class A Common Stock

$             per share

 


We are selling 33,000,000 shares of Class A common stock. We have granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to 4,950,000 additional shares of Class A common stock from us to cover over-allotments.

This is the initial public offering of our Class A common stock. We currently expect the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock to be between $23.00 and $25.00 per share. Our Class A common stock has been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “VMW.”

We are currently a wholly owned subsidiary of EMC Corporation, or EMC, and following this offering EMC will continue to be our controlling stockholder. Following this offering, we will have two classes of authorized common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. EMC, will own 32,500,000 shares of Class A common stock and all 300,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, representing approximately 89% of our total outstanding shares of common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting, the election of directors, conversion, certain actions that require the consent of holders of Class B common stock and other protective provisions as set forth in this prospectus. The holders of Class B common stock shall be entitled to 10 votes per share and the holders of Class A common stock shall be entitled to one vote per share. Therefore, EMC will hold approximately 99% of the combined voting power of our outstanding common stock upon completion of this offering.

Investing in our Class A common stock involves risks. See “ Risk Factors” beginning on page 13.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 


 

     Per Share    Total

Public Offering Price

   $                     $                 

Underwriting Discount

   $      $  

Proceeds to VMware

   $      $  

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares to purchasers on or about                     , 2007.

 


 

Citi   JPMorgan   Lehman Brothers
Credit Suisse   Merrill Lynch & Co.   Deutsche Bank Securities

 


 

Banc of America Securities LLC   Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.   UBS Investment Bank
Wachovia Securities   A.G. Edwards   HSBC

                    , 2007.


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You should rely only on the information contained in this document or to which we have referred you. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different. This document may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. The information in this document may only be accurate on the date of this document.

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page

Summary

   1

Risk Factors

   13

Forward-Looking Statements

   32

Use of Proceeds

   33

Dividend Policy

   34

Capitalization

   35

Dilution

   36

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

   38

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   42

Business

   61

Management

   77

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

   82

Compensation of Executive Officers

   92

Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions

   100

Principal Stockholders

   110

Description of Capital Stock

   112

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

   122

United States Federal Income Tax Considerations for Non-United States Stockholders

   124

Underwriting

   126

Legal Matters

   131

Experts

   131

Where You Can Find More Information

   131

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule

   F-1

 


Dealer Prospectus Delivery Obligation

Through and including                     , 2007 (25 days after commencement of this offering), all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to unsold allotments or subscriptions.

 

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SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary sets forth the material terms of this offering, but does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our Class A common stock. You should read the entire prospectus carefully before making an investment decision, especially the risks of investing in our Class A common stock discussed under “Risk Factors.” Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company” and “VMware” refer to VMware, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Unless the context otherwise requires, the term “EMC” refers to our parent company, EMC Corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries other than us.

Our Business

We are the leading provider of virtualization solutions. Our virtualization solutions represent a pioneering approach to computing that separates the operating system and application software from the underlying hardware to achieve significant improvements in efficiency, availability, flexibility and manageability. Our solutions enable organizations to aggregate multiple servers, storage infrastructure and networks together into shared pools of capacity that can be allocated dynamically, securely and reliably to applications as needed, increasing hardware utilization and reducing spending. We believe that the market opportunity for our virtualization solutions is large and expanding, with 24.6 million x86 servers and 489.7 million business client PCs installed worldwide as of December 2006. Our customer base includes 100% of the Fortune 100 and over 84% of the Fortune 1,000. Our customer base for our server solutions has grown to include 20,000 organizations of all sizes across numerous industries. We believe our solutions deliver significant economic value for customers, and many have adopted our solutions as the strategic and architectural foundation for their future computing initiatives.

In the eight years since the introduction of our first virtualization platform, we have expanded our offering with virtual infrastructure automation products to address distributed and heterogeneous infrastructure challenges such as system recoverability and reliability, backup and recovery, resource provisioning and management, capacity and performance management and desktop security. We have also complemented our virtualization platforms with a suite of related virtual infrastructure management products. Our broad and proven suite of virtualization solutions addresses a range of complex IT problems that include infrastructure optimization, business continuity, software lifecycle management and desktop management.

We work closely with over 200 technology partners, including leading server, processor, storage, networking and software vendors. We have shared the economic opportunities surrounding virtualization with our partners by facilitating solution development through open application programming interfaces (APIs), formats and protocols and providing access to our source code and technology. The endorsement and support of our partners have further enhanced the awareness, reputation and adoption of our virtualization solutions.

We have developed a multi-channel distribution model to expand our presence and reach various segments of the market. We derive a significant majority of our revenues from our large indirect sales channel of more than 4,000 channel partners that include distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors and systems integrators. We believe that our partners benefit greatly from the sale of our solutions through additional services, software and hardware sales opportunities. We have trained a large number of partners and end users to deploy and leverage our solutions.

We have achieved strong financial performance to date, as demonstrated by our revenue growth. Our total revenues were $703.9 million in 2006 and $387.1 million in 2005, representing an increase of 82% in 2006. Software license revenues were $491.9 million in 2006 and $287.0 million in 2005, representing an increase of 71% in 2006.

 

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The historical financial information we have included in this prospectus includes allocations of certain corporate functions historically provided to us by EMC, including tax, accounting, treasury, legal and human resources services and other general corporate expenses. These allocations were made based on estimates which are considered reasonable by our management. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of what our results of operations, financial position, cash flows or costs and expenses would have been had we been an independent entity during the historical periods presented or what our results of operations, financial position, cash flows or costs and expenses will be in the future when we are a publicly traded, stand-alone company.

Industry Background

The introduction of x86 servers in the 1980s provided a low-cost alternative to mainframe and proprietary UNIX systems. The broad adoption of Windows and the emergence of Linux as server operating systems in the 1990s established x86 servers as the industry standard. The growth in x86 server and desktop deployments has introduced new operational risks and IT infrastructure challenges. These challenges include:

 

   

Low Infrastructure Utilization.    Typical x86 server deployments achieve an average utilization of only 10% to 15% of total capacity, according to International Data Corporation (IDC), a market research firm. Organizations typically run one application per server to avoid the risk of vulnerabilities in one application affecting the availability of another application on the same server.

 

   

Increasing Physical Infrastructure Costs.    The operational costs to support growing physical infrastructure have steadily increased. Most computing infrastructure must remain operational at all times, resulting in power consumption, cooling and facilities costs that do not vary with utilization levels.

 

   

Increasing IT Management Costs.    As computing environments become more complex, the level of specialized education and experience required for infrastructure management personnel and the associated costs of such personnel have increased. Organizations spend disproportionate time and resources on manual tasks associated with server maintenance, and thus require more personnel to complete these tasks.

 

   

Insufficient Failover and Disaster Protection.    Organizations are increasingly affected by the downtime of critical server applications and inaccessibility of critical end user desktops. The threat of security attacks, natural disasters, health pandemics and terrorism has elevated the importance of business continuity planning for both desktops and servers.

 

   

Desktop Management and Security.    Managing and securing enterprise desktops present numerous challenges. Controlling a distributed desktop environment and enforcing management, access and security policies without impairing users’ ability to work effectively is complex and expensive. Numerous patches and upgrades must be continually applied to desktop environments to eliminate security vulnerabilities.

Virtualization was first introduced in the 1970s to enable multiple business applications to share and fully harness the centralized computing capacity of mainframe systems. Virtualization was effectively abandoned during the 1980s and 1990s when client-server applications and inexpensive x86 servers and desktops established the model of distributed computing. Rather than sharing resources centrally in the mainframe model, organizations used the low cost of distributed systems to build up islands of computing capacity, providing some benefits but also introducing new challenges. In 1999, VMware introduced virtualization to x86 systems as a means to efficiently address many of these challenges and to transform x86 systems into general purpose, shared hardware infrastructure that offers full isolation, mobility and operating system choice for application environments.

 

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We believe that the addressable market opportunity for our virtualization solutions is large and expanding. IDC estimates that less than one million of the 24.6 million x86 servers and less than five million of the 489.7 million business client PCs deployed worldwide are running virtualization software. We believe industry trends towards more powerful yet under-utilized multi-core servers and the increasing complexity of managing desktop environments will further accelerate the widespread adoption of virtualization for both server and desktop deployments.

Our Solution

Our virtualization solutions run on industry-standard servers and desktops and support a wide range of operating system and application environments, as well as networking and storage infrastructure. We have designed our solutions to function independently of the hardware and operating system to provide customers with a broad platform choice. Our solutions provide a key integration point for hardware and infrastructure management vendors to deliver differentiated value that can be applied uniformly across all application and operating system environments. Key benefits to our virtualization solutions include:

 

   

Server Consolidation and Infrastructure Optimization.    Our solutions enable organizations to achieve significantly higher resource utilization by pooling common infrastructure resources and breaking the legacy “one application to one server” model.

 

   

Physical Infrastructure Cost Reduction.    Through server consolidation and containment, our solutions reduce the required number of servers and other related infrastructure overhead. Organizations are able to significantly decrease physical infrastructure costs through reduced data center space, power and cooling requirements.

 

   

Improved Operational Flexibility and Responsiveness.    We offer a set of automation and management solutions that reduce the amount of time IT professionals must spend on largely reactive tasks, such as provisioning, configuration, monitoring and maintenance. Additionally, as the need for physical infrastructure decreases, so does the need for the highly-specialized personnel required to manage and maintain such environments.

 

   

Increased Application Availability and Improved Business Continuity.    Our solutions enable organizations to reduce both planned and unplanned downtime in their computing environments by allowing them to securely migrate entire virtual environments to separate servers or even data center locations without user interruption.

 

   

Improved Desktop Manageability and Security.    Our desktop virtualization solutions allow IT organizations to efficiently control and secure desktop environments to end users regardless of their location, desktop hardware, operating system or business application access needs.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that the following competitive strengths position us well to maintain and extend our leadership in virtualization solutions:

 

   

leading technology and market position;

 

   

broad product portfolio;

 

   

open standards and choice of operating systems;

 

   

large installed base of customers;

 

   

strong partner network; and

 

   

robust global support operations and services.

 

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Our Growth Strategy

Our objective is to extend our market leadership in virtualization solutions. To accomplish this objective, we intend to:

 

   

broaden our product portfolio;

 

   

enable choice for customers and drive standards;

 

   

expand our network of technology and distribution partners;

 

   

increase sales to existing customers and pursue new customers; and

 

   

increase market awareness and drive adoption of virtualization.

Risks that We Face

You should carefully consider the risks described under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. These risks could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow, which could cause the trading price of our Class A common stock to decline and could result in a partial or total loss of your investment.

Our Relationship with EMC

We were acquired by EMC in January 2004, and prior to this offering we were operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of EMC. As a result, in the ordinary course of our business, we have received various services provided by EMC, including tax, accounting, treasury, legal and human resources services. EMC has also provided us with the services of a number of its executives and employees prior to this offering and will continue to do so after this offering.

EMC Will Be Our Controlling Stockholder.    Immediately following this offering, EMC, which will hold approximately 43% of our Class A common stock and 100% of our Class B common stock, will own approximately 89% of our outstanding common stock and 99% of the combined voting power of our outstanding common stock (approximately 88% of our outstanding common stock and 98% of the combined voting power of our outstanding common stock if the underwriters exercise in full their over-allotment option). As a result, EMC will continue to control us following the completion of this offering, and will be able to exercise control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of our directors and approval of significant corporate transactions.

Agreements Between EMC and Us.    We will enter into several agreements with EMC prior to the completion of this offering, including a master transaction agreement, an administrative services agreement, a new tax sharing agreement, an intellectual property agreement, an employee benefits agreement, an insurance matters agreement and a real estate agreement. For a description of these agreements and the other agreements that we will enter into with EMC, read “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions—Relationship with EMC Corporation.”

 

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Exchange Offer

In connection with the offering, we are conducting a voluntary exchange offer pursuant to which we are offering our eligible employees the ability to exchange their existing EMC options and restricted stock awards for options to purchase our Class A common stock and restricted stock awards of our Class A common stock, respectively, at an exchange ratio based upon EMC’s two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of this offering and the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock. The exchange ratio is designed to preserve the intrinsic value of the tendered EMC awards. In this prospectus, we refer to this voluntary exchange offer as the “exchange offer.” We are making the exchange offer to eligible employees for compensatory purposes. Our board of directors believes that ownership by our employees of options to purchase our Class A common stock and restricted stock awards of our Class A common stock received in the exchange offer will serve as an effective tool to encourage stock option and restricted stock recipients to act in the VMware stockholders’ interest by enabling the option recipients to have an economic stake in our success.

We expect to commence the exchange offer on such date as to cause the exchange offer to expire concurrently with the pricing of shares in this offering. We believe that the proposed timing of the exchange offer relative to this offering, such that the initial value of the VMware options and restricted stock received by eligible employees in the exchange offer will be based upon the initial offering price of shares in this offering, will advance the compensatory objectives of the exchange offer and that tying equity compensation to the initial offering price of shares will provide eligible employees a strong incentive to participate in our potential growth from the time we become a public company.

All of our employees in the United States who hold EMC options and EMC restricted stock will be eligible to participate in the exchange offer. As of June 30, 2007, there were approximately 1,900 employees who would be eligible to participate in the exchange offer. Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $24.00 per share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) and an assumed EMC two-day weighted average trading price of $18.00 (which is representative of recent trading prices of EMC stock), a maximum of approximately 13.6 million shares of our Class A class common stock underlying options or in the form of restricted stock awards granted would be issued pursuant to the exchange offer, if all eligible employees tendered all of their EMC options and EMC restricted stock. We estimate that the unamortized fair value of the exchanged awards will be approximately $103.6 million, which will be recognized over their vesting periods.

To assist potential investors in understanding the potential impact of the exchange offer on earnings per share, we note that supplemental pro forma basic and supplemental pro forma diluted earnings per share amounts would have been $0.22 and $0.22 for the year ended December 31, 2006 and $0.11 and $0.11 for the three months ended March 31, 2007, respectively, assuming the following:

 

   

Supplemental pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share data assumes actual pre-tax income is reduced by $415,000 and $4,083,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and the year ended December 31, 2006, respectively, and net income is reduced by $259,000 and $2,252,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and the year ended December 31, 2006, respectively, to reflect the estimated impact of the respective period’s amortization of the incremental stock compensation expense resulting from the exchange offer.

 

   

Supplemental pro forma basic weighted average shares data assumes the issuance and sale of the full 37,950,000 shares of our Class A common stock (assuming the over-allotment option is exercised in full) had occurred January 1, 2006. Supplemental pro forma basic weighted average shares also assumes the issuance and sale of 9,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock to Intel (described below under “Recent Developments”) had occurred January 1, 2006. (This differs from the basic pro forma per share data presented under “Summary Consolidated Financial Data,” “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and the consolidated financial statements. That presentation includes only the incremental number of shares necessary to be sold to fund the amount of the April 2007 dividend to EMC in excess of the most recent twelve month’s earnings.)

 

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Supplemental pro forma diluted earnings per share amounts assume (1) the issuance and sale of the Class A common stock (pursuant to this offering and to the Intel investment) on the terms described above and (2) the consummation of the exchange offer assuming 100% of all the options and shares are exchanged, assuming an initial public offering price of $24.00 per share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus) and assuming EMC’s two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of the initial public offering of Class A common stock is $18.00 per share (which is representative of recent trading prices of EMC stock). If zero equity instruments were assumed to be exchanged, diluted income per share for these periods would be the same as the basic earnings per share.

This compares to reported basic and diluted earnings per share of $0.26 and $0.26 for the year ended December 31, 2006 and $0.12 and $0.12 for the three months ended March 31, 2007, respectively.

Recent Developments

VMware and Intel Corporation, or Intel, have had an ongoing strategic relationship. VMware’s base virtualization platform virtualizes Intel architecture. Intel Capital Corporation, or Intel Capital, global investment arm of Intel, has agreed to invest $218.5 million in our Class A common stock at $23.00 per share, subject to the expiration of the applicable waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, or the HSR Act, and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions. Upon the closing of the investment, Intel Capital will own 9.5 million shares, or approximately 12.7%, of our outstanding Class A common stock to be outstanding after this offering and approximately 2.5% of our total outstanding common stock which will then be outstanding, which shares will represent less than 1% of the combined voting power of our outstanding common stock. Pursuant to Intel Capital’s proposed investment, at the later of the closing of the investment, and the earlier of the completion of this offering and September 30, 2007, our board of directors will appoint a new board member, an Intel executive to be designated by Intel and acceptable to our board. We have also entered into an investor rights agreement with Intel pursuant to which Intel will have certain registration and other rights as a holder of our Class A common stock. See “Description of Capital Stock.” In addition, we and Intel have entered into a routine and customary collaboration partnering agreement that expresses the parties’ intent to continue to expand their cooperative efforts around joint development, marketing and industry initiatives. Intel’s investment is intended to foster strengthened intercompany collaboration towards accelerating VMware virtualization product adoption on Intel architecture and reinforcing the value of virtualization technology for customers.

This investment will not cause any change to VMware’s continued operation under our rules of engagement with respect to open industry partnerships and confidentiality principles that we publish to our technology partners.

Corporate Facts

We were incorporated in Delaware in 1998 and have operated, in large part, as an independent entity since our inception. Since our acquisition by EMC in January 2004, we have been a wholly owned subsidiary of EMC. Our headquarters are located at 3401 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304 and our phone number is (650) 427-5000. Our website is www.vmware.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute part of this prospectus.

 


VMware is our registered trademark. The VMware logo is our trademark. This prospectus also includes tradenames, trademarks and service marks of other companies and organizations. Throughout this prospectus, references to “desktops” refer to various common types of personal computers, including desktops, laptops, and notebooks among others, and references to “business client PCs” refer to desktops used by business users.

 

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THE OFFERING

 

Class A common stock offered by us

33,000,000 shares

 

Class A common stock to be outstanding after this offering

75,000,000 shares, including 9,500,000 shares to be issued to Intel, subject to the closing of the Intel investment, and 32,500,000 shares currently held by EMC(1)

 

Class B common stock to be outstanding after this offering

300,000,000 shares, all of which are held by EMC(1)

 

Total common stock to be outstanding after this offering

375,000,000 shares

 

Voting rights

Following this offering, we will have two classes of authorized common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting, conversion, the election of directors, certain actions that require the consent of holders of Class B common stock and other protective provisions as set forth in this prospectus. The holders of Class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share, and the holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share. The holders of Class B common stock, voting separately as a class, are entitled to elect 80% of the total number of the directors on our board of directors which we would have if there were no vacancies on our board of directors at the time. Subject to any rights of any series of preferred stock to elect directors, the holders of Class A common stock and the holders of Class B common stock, voting together as a single class, are entitled to elect the remaining directors on our board of directors, which at no time will be less than one director. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible into one share of Class A common stock at any time. See “Description of Capital Stock.”

 

Use of proceeds

We estimate that our net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $741.4 million ($853.7 million if the underwriters exercise in full their over-allotment option), based on the assumed initial public offering price of $24.00 per share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). We intend to use these net proceeds to repay approximately $350.0 million of intercompany indebtedness owed to EMC incurred to fund a dividend to EMC, to purchase from EMC our new headquarter facilities for an amount equal to the cost expended by EMC to date in constructing the facilities, which totaled approximately $127.0 million as of June 30, 2007, and for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including to finance our growth, develop new products, fund capital expenditures and potential acquisitions. See “Use of Proceeds.”

 

Listing

Our Class A common stock has been authorized for listing on the New York Stock Exchange.

 

Proposed symbol

“VMW”


(1)   EMC’s ownership of our Class A and Class B common stock will represent approximately 89% of our total outstanding shares of common stock and 99% of the combined voting power of our outstanding common stock following this offering.

 

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Unless otherwise stated, the number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding immediately after this offering is based upon the offering of 33,000,000 shares of Class A common stock pursuant to this offering, 9,500,000 shares of Class A common stock to be acquired by Intel (as described above under “Recent Developments”), 32,500,000 shares of Class A common stock and 300,000,000 shares of Class B common stock held by EMC and excludes 80,000,000 shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under our 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan, including:

 

   

35,799,411 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock option awards granted in June and July 2007 with an exercise price of $23.00 per share and 452,676 shares of our Class A common stock deliverable upon the vesting of restricted stock units; and

 

   

shares of Class A common stock issuable either upon the exercise of stock option awards or restricted stock awards that will be granted pursuant to the terms of the exchange offer.

Assuming that:

 

   

all employees eligible to take part in the exchange offer tender their existing EMC options and restricted stock awards in exchange for options to purchase our Class A common stock and restricted stock awards of our Class A common stock, respectively;

 

   

EMC’s weighted average stock price, as calculated pursuant to the terms of the exchange offer, is equal to EMC’s closing price of $18.00 (which is representative of recent trading prices of EMC stock); and

 

   

the initial public offering price for shares of our Class A common stock is $24.00 (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus),

then 9.2 million shares of Class A common stock with a weighted average strike price of $15.72 will be issuable upon the exercise of stock options granted pursuant to the exchange offer and 4.4 million shares of Class A common stock will be subject to restricted stock awards granted pursuant to the exchange offer.

If EMC’s weighted average stock price as calculated pursuant to the terms of the exchange offer is $1.00 greater and the other assumptions set forth above remain the same, then 0.5 million more shares of Class A common stock will be issuable upon the exercise of stock options granted in the exchange offer and 0.2 million more shares of Class A common stock will be subject to restricted stock awards granted in the exchange offer. If EMC’s weighted average stock price as calculated pursuant to the terms of the exchange offer is $1.00 less and the other assumptions set forth above remain the same, then 0.5 million fewer shares of Class A common stock will be issuable upon the exercise of stock options granted in the exchange offer and 0.2 million fewer shares of Class A common stock will be subject to restricted stock awards granted in the exchange offer.

If the initial public offering price for shares of our Class A common stock is $1.00 greater and the other assumptions set forth above remain the same, then 0.4 million fewer shares of Class A common stock will be issuable upon the exercise of stock options granted in the exchange offer and 0.2 million fewer shares of Class A common stock will be subject to restricted stock awards granted in the exchange offer. If the initial public offering price for shares of our Class A common stock is $1.00 less and the other assumptions set forth above remain the same, then 0.4 million more shares of Class A common stock will be issuable upon the exercise of stock options granted in the exchange offer and 0.2 million more shares of Class A common stock will be subject to restricted stock awards granted in the exchange offer.

Unless otherwise stated, all information in this prospectus assumes the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option.

 

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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables present our summary consolidated historical financial information. You should read this information together with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The data for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 and the period from January 9, 2004 to December 31, 2004 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The data for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have prepared the unaudited consolidated financial statements on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, the statements reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the financial information set forth in these statements. On January 8, 2004, all of our capital stock was purchased by EMC. The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase; accordingly, our assets and liabilities were adjusted to their fair market values. Prior to the acquisition by EMC, our fiscal year ended on January 31. In connection with the acquisition, our fiscal year end was changed to December 31 to conform to EMC’s year end. The data for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2003 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of our predecessor, which are not included in this prospectus. The data for the period from February 1, 2003 to January 8, 2004 was derived from the unaudited consolidated financial statements of our predecessor, which are not included in this prospectus. As a result of our acquisition by EMC and the resulting change in basis, the results of operations and financial position of our predecessor are not comparable with our results of operations and financial position following our acquisition by EMC.

Our consolidated financial statements include allocations of certain corporate functions provided to us by EMC, including general corporate expenses. These allocations were made based on estimates of effort or resources incurred on our behalf and which are considered reasonable by management. Additionally, certain other costs incurred by EMC for our direct benefit, such as rent, salaries and benefits have been included in our financial statements.

The financial statements included in this prospectus may not necessarily reflect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows as if we had operated as a stand-alone company during all periods presented. Accordingly, our historical results should not be relied upon as an indicator of our future performance.

 

 

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Successor Company

    Predecessor Company  
    Three Months Ended
March 31,
   

Years Ended

December 31,

   

Period from

January 9, 2004 to

December 31, 2004

   

Period from

February 1, 2003 to

January 8, 2004

    Year Ended
January 31, 2003
 
   

2007          2006

    2006(1)     2005        
   

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

    (in thousands)  

Summary of Operations:

                  

Revenues:

                  

License(2)

  $ 169,557   $ 90,300     $ 491,902     $ 287,006     $ 178,873     $ 61,980     $ 31,216  

Services(2)

    89,138     38,777       212,002       100,068       39,883       12,220       —    
                                                     

Total revenues

    258,695     129,077       703,904       387,074       218,756       74,200       31,216  
 

Costs of revenues:

                      

Cost of license revenues(2)(3)

    20,556     12,405       59,202       40,340       32,811       3,449       5,596  

Cost of services revenues(2)(3)

    23,468     9,599       64,180       24,852       12,625       4,770       —    
                                                     
    44,024     22,004       123,382       65,192       45,436       8,219       5,596  
                                                     

Gross profit

    214,671     107,073       580,522       321,882       173,320       65,981       25,620  
 

Operating expenses:

                      

Research and development(3)

    54,958     22,335       148,254       72,561       43,900       25,382       15,788  

Sales and marketing(3)

    86,707     42,566       238,327       124,964       59,976       23,028       12,457  

General and administrative(3)

    26,624     11,847       69,602       30,762       19,037       11,539       4,168  

In-process research and development

    —       —         3,700       —         15,200       —         —    
                                                     

Operating income (loss)

    46,382     30,325       120,639       93,595       35,207       6,032       (6,793 )

Investment income

    2,977     340       3,271       3,077       53       463       554  

Other income (expense), net

    59     (348 )     (1,363 )     (1,332 )     (110 )     (27 )     —    
                                                     

Income (loss) before taxes

    49,418     30,317       122,547       95,340       35,150       6,468       (6,239 )

Income tax provision(4)

    8,338     9,981       36,832       28,565       18,369       1,848       145  
                                                     

Income (loss) before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

    41,080     20,336       85,715       66,775       16,781       4,620       (6,384 )

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle (net of tax)

    —       175       175       —         —         —         —    
                                                     

Net income (loss)

  $ 41,080   $ 20,511     $ 85,890     $ 66,775     $ 16,781     $ 4,620     $ (6,384 )
                                                     

Net income per weighted average share, basic and diluted for Class A and Class B

  $ 0.12   $ 0.06     $ 0.26     $ 0.20     $ 0.05       N/A       N/A  

Weighted average shares, basic and diluted for Class A and Class B

    332,500     332,500       332,500       332,500       332,500       N/A       N/A  

Pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share for Class A and Class B (5)

  $ 0.11     $ 0.24               

Pro forma weighted average shares, basic and diluted for Class A and Class B

    363,366       363,366               

 

 

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     As of March 31, 2007
    

Actual

    Pro Forma (6)     Pro Forma
As Adjusted(7)
     (in thousands)      

Balance Sheet Data:

      

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 258,468     $ 476,968     $ 741,408

Working capital

     3,448       221,948       486,388

Total assets

     1,244,317       1,462,817       1,854,257

Total debt

     800,000       800,000       450,000

Redeemable common stock

     —         218,500       —  

Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)(8)

     (183,493 )     (183,493 )     776,447

(1)   In June 2006, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Akimbi Systems, Inc. See Note B to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

(2)   The Company did not separate its revenues or cost of revenues between license and services for the year ended January 31, 2003. For purposes of this presentation, the total revenues and total cost of revenues for such period have been presented as license revenues and cost of license revenues, respectively.

 

(3)   Includes stock-based compensation, acquisition-related intangible amortization and capitalized software development costs amortization, and excludes capitalized software development costs, as indicated in the table below.

 

 

   

Successor Company

    Predecessor Company
   

Three Months

Ended March 31,

    Year Ended
December 31,
   

Period from January 9,
2004 to December 31,
2004

   

Period from February 1,
2003 to January 8, 2004

 

Year Ended

January 31, 2003

    2007     2006    

2006

   

2005

       

Cost of license revenues

             

Stock-based compensation

  $ 36     $ 14     $ 99     $ —       $ —       $   —     $   —  

Acquisition-related intangible amortization

    5,215       5,387       21,840       23,357       25,487       —       —  

Capitalized software development costs amortization

    7,987       2,769       22,299       6,159       1,317       —       —  

Cost of services revenues

              —       —  

Stock-based compensation

    494       395       2,384       1,299       1,061       —       —  

Research and development

             

Stock-based compensation not capitalized

    6,392       2,225       26,342       14,656       10,292       —       —  

Total capitalized software development costs

    (7,599 )     (17,671 )     (43,012 )     (25,103 )     (8,155 )     —       —  

Stock-based compensation included in total capitalized software development costs above

    927       5,329       10,489       3,545       —         —       —  

Sales and marketing

             

Stock-based compensation

    2,944       1,840       12,020       5,341       4,672       —       —  

Acquisition-related intangible amortization

    577       544       2,188       1,785       —         —       —  

General and administrative

             

Stock-based compensation

    1,778       1,995       10,381       5,775       3,518       —       —  

Acquisition-related intangible amortization

    493       374       1,494       1,000       773       —       —  

 

(4)  

The income tax effect of stock-based compensation, acquisition-related intangible amortization, capitalized software development costs and amortization of capitalized software development costs was $5,144, $(167), $18,042, $9,567, $9,083, $— and $— for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, the years ended

 

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December 31, 2006 and 2005, the period from January 9, 2004 to December 31, 2004, the period from February 1, 2003 to January 8, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

 

(5)   Unaudited pro forma per share data gives effect, in the weighted average shares used in the calculation, to the additional 30.9 million shares, which, when multiplied by the assumed offering price of $24.00 per share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), and after giving effect to a pro rata allocation of offering costs, would have been required to be issued to generate proceeds sufficient to pay the portion of the $800,000 dividend declared in April 2007 (see Note M to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus) that exceeded the most recent twelve months’ net earnings.

 

(6)   The pro forma balance sheet data gives effect to the issuance and sale of 9,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock to Intel Capital for proceeds of $218,500. Pursuant to the terms of the investor rights agreement with Intel, in the event we do not complete an underwritten public offering with an aggregate price to the public of at least $250,000 on or before December 31, 2007, Intel may require us to repurchase the Class A common stock that it holds. The pro forma balance sheet data gives effect to the investment as redeemable common stock due to this repurchase feature.

 

(7)   The pro forma as adjusted balance sheet data gives effect to (i) the issuance and sale of 9,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock to Intel Capital for proceeds of $218,500, (ii) the reclassification of the capital proceeds of $218,500 from the Intel sale from redeemable common stock to permanent equity since the redemption feature described above lapses upon completion of this offering, (iii) the issuance and sale of 33,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $24.00 per share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), (iv) the repayment of $350,000 of principal amount of the $800,000 intercompany note we incurred to fund a dividend to EMC, (v) the purchase from EMC of our new headquarters facilities for an amount equal to the cost expended by EMC to date in constructing the facilities, which totaled approximately $127,000 as of June 30, 2007, and (vi) the deduction of estimated underwriting discounts and offering expenses payable by us.

 

(8)   The stockholders’ equity (deficit) as of March 31, 2007, gives retroactive effect to the $800,000 dividend paid to EMC in the form of a note in April 2007. See Note M to the financial statements.

 

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RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the risks described below before making a decision to buy our Class A common stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed. In that case, the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline and you might lose all or part of your investment in our Class A common stock. You should also refer to the other information set forth in this prospectus, including “Forward-Looking Statements” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes.

Risks Related to Our Business

The virtualization products and services we sell are based on an emerging technology and therefore the potential market for our products remains uncertain.

The virtualization products and services we develop and sell are based on an emerging technology platform and our success depends on organizations and customers perceiving technological and operational benefits and cost savings associated with adopting virtualization solutions. Our relatively limited operating history and the relatively limited extent to which virtualization solutions have been currently adopted may make it difficult to evaluate our business because the potential market for our products remains uncertain. To the extent that the virtualization market develops more slowly or less comprehensively than we expect, our revenue growth rates may slow materially or our revenue may decline substantially.

We expect to face increasing competition that could result in a loss of customers, reduced revenues or decreased profit margins.

The market for our products is competitive and we expect competition to significantly intensify in the future. For example, Microsoft currently provides products that compete with some of our entry-level offerings and has announced its intention to provide products that will compete with some of our enterprise-class products in the future. We also face competition from other companies, including several recent market entrants. Existing and future competitors may introduce products in the same markets we serve or intend to serve, and competing products may have better performance, lower prices, better functionality and broader acceptance than our products. Many of our current or potential competitors also have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger customer bases and significantly greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources than we do. This competition could result in increased pricing pressure and sales and marketing expenses, thereby materially reducing our profit margins, and could harm our ability to increase, or cause us to lose, market share. Increased competition also may prevent us from entering into or renewing service contracts on terms similar to those that we currently offer.

Some of our competitors and potential competitors supply a wide variety of products to, and have well-established relationships with, our current and prospective end users. Some of these competitors have in the past and may in the future take advantage of their existing relationships to engage in business practices that make our products less attractive to our end users. For example, Microsoft has recently implemented distribution arrangements with x86 system vendors and independent software vendors, or ISVs, related to certain of their operating systems that only permit the use of Microsoft’s virtualization format and do not allow the use of our corresponding format. Microsoft has also recently implemented pricing policies that require customers to pay additional license fees based on certain uses of virtualization technology. These distribution and licensing restrictions, as well as other business practices that may be adopted in the future by our competitors, could materially impact our prospects regardless of the merits of our products. In addition, competitors with existing relationships with our current or prospective end users could in the future integrate competitive capabilities into their existing products and make them available without additional charge.

We also face potential competition from our partners. For example, third parties currently selling our products could build and market their own competing products and services or market competing products and services of third parties. If we are unable to compete effectively, our growth and our ability to sell products at profitable margins could be materially and adversely affected.

 

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Industry alliances or consolidation may result in increased competition.

Some of our competitors have made acquisitions or entered into partnerships or other strategic relationships with one another to offer a more comprehensive virtualization solution than they individually had offered. We expect these trends to continue as companies attempt to strengthen or maintain their market positions in the evolving virtualization infrastructure industry. Many of the companies driving this trend have significantly greater financial, technical and other resources than we do and may be better positioned to acquire and offer complementary products and technologies. The companies resulting from these possible combinations may create more compelling product offerings and be able to offer greater pricing flexibility than we can or may engage in business practices that make it more difficult for us to compete effectively, including on the basis of price, sales and marketing programs, technology or product functionality. These pressures could result in a substantial loss of customers or a reduction in our revenues.

Our operating results may fluctuate significantly, which makes our future results difficult to predict and may result in our operating results falling below expectations or our guidance, which could cause the price of our Class A common stock to decline.

Our operating results may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. In addition, a significant portion of our quarterly sales typically occurs during the last month of the quarter, which we believe generally reflects customer buying patterns for enterprise technology. As a result, our quarterly operating results are difficult to predict even in the near term. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts or below any guidance we may provide to the market, the price of our common stock would likely decline substantially.

In addition, factors that may affect our operating results include, among others:

 

   

fluctuations in demand, adoption, sales cycles and pricing levels for our products and services;

 

   

changes in customers’ budgets for information technology purchases and in the timing of their purchasing decisions;

 

   

the timing of recognizing revenue in any given quarter as a result of software revenue recognition policies;

 

   

the sale of our products in the timeframes we anticipate, including the number and size of orders in each quarter;

 

   

our ability to develop, introduce and ship in a timely manner new products and product enhancements that meet customer demand, certification requirements and technical requirements;

 

   

the timing of the announcement or release of products or upgrades by us or by our competitors;

 

   

our ability to implement scalable internal systems for reporting, order processing, license fulfillment, product delivery, purchasing, billing and general accounting, among other functions;

 

   

our ability to control costs, including our operating expenses;

 

   

our ability to attract and retain highly skilled employees, particularly those with relevant experience in software development and sales; and

 

   

general economic conditions in our domestic and international markets.

If operating system and hardware vendors do not cooperate with us or we are unable to obtain early access to their new products, or access to certain information about their new products to ensure that our solutions interoperate with those products, our product development efforts may be delayed or foreclosed.

Our products interoperate with Windows, Linux and other operating systems and the hardware devices of numerous manufacturers. Developing products that interoperate properly requires substantial partnering, capital investment and employee resources, as well as the cooperation of the vendors or developers of the operating

 

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systems and hardware. Operating system and hardware vendors may not provide us with early access to their technology and products, assist us in these development efforts or share with or sell to us any APIs, formats, or protocols we may need. If they do not provide us with the necessary early access, assistance or proprietary technology on a timely basis, we may experience product development delays or be unable to expand our products into other areas. To the extent that software or hardware vendors develop products that compete with ours or those of EMC, they may have an incentive to withhold their cooperation, decline to share access or sell to us their proprietary APIs, protocols or formats or engage in practices to actively limit the functionality, or compatibility, and certification of our products. In addition, hardware or operating system vendors may fail to certify or support or continue to certify or support, our products for their systems. If any of the foregoing occurs, our product development efforts may be delayed or foreclosed and our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We rely on distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors and systems integrators to sell our products, and our failure to effectively develop, manage or prevent disruptions to our distribution channels and the processes and procedures that support them could cause a reduction in the number of end users of our products.

Our future success is highly dependent upon maintaining and increasing the number of our relationships with distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors and systems integrators. By relying on distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors and systems integrators, we may have little or no contact with the ultimate users of our products, thereby making it more difficult for us to establish brand awareness, ensure proper delivery and installation of our products, service ongoing customer requirements, estimate end user demand and respond to evolving customer needs.

Recruiting and retaining qualified channel partners and training them in the use of our technology and product offerings requires significant time and resources. In order to develop and expand our distribution channel, we must continue to expand and improve our processes and procedures that support our channel, including our investment in systems and training, and those processes and procedures may become increasingly complex and difficult to manage. We generally do not have long-term contracts or minimum purchase commitments with our distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors and systems integrators, and our contracts with these channel partners do not prohibit them from offering products or services that compete with ours. Our competitors may be effective in providing incentives to existing and potential channel partners to favor products of our competitors or to prevent or reduce sales of our products. Our channel partners and x86 system vendors may choose not to offer our products exclusively or at all. Our failure to maintain and increase the number of relationships with channel partners would likely lead to a loss of end users of our products which would result in us receiving lower revenues from our channel partners. One of the Company’s distribution agreements is with Ingram Micro, which accounted for 29% of our revenues in 2006. The agreement with Ingram Micro under which the Company receives the substantial majority of its Ingram Micro revenues is terminable by either party upon 90 days’ prior written notice to the other party, and neither party has any obligation to purchase or sell any products under the agreement. The terms of this agreement between Ingram Micro and us are substantially similar to the terms of the agreements we have with other distributors, except for certain differences in shipment and payment terms, indemnification obligations and product return rights. While we believe that we have in place, or would have in place by the date of any such termination, agreements with other distributors sufficient to maintain our revenues from distribution, if we were to lose Ingram Micro’s distribution services, such loss could have a negative impact on our results of operations until such time as we arrange to replace these distribution services with the services of existing or new distributors. We believe that we could replace the revenues earned from Ingram Micro’s distribution services in a relatively short period after a loss of these services and that the negative impact on our results of operations due to such a loss would be short-term.

The concentration of our product sales among a limited number of distributors increases our potential credit risk and could cause significant fluctuations or declines in our product revenues.

As of December 31, 2006, approximately 28% and 11%, and as of December 31, 2005, approximately 30% and 11%, of our total accounts receivable outstanding were from two distributors. We anticipate that sales of our

 

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products to a limited number of distributors will continue to account for a significant portion of our total product revenues for the foreseeable future. The concentration of product sales among certain distributors increases our potential credit risks. One or more of these distributors could delay payments or default on credit extended to them. Any significant delay or default in the collection of significant accounts receivable could result in an increased need for us to obtain working capital from other sources, possibly on worse terms than we could have negotiated if we had established such working capital resources prior to such delays or defaults. Any significant default could result in a negative impact on our results of operations.

We are dependent on our existing management and our key development personnel, and the loss of key personnel may prevent us from implementing our business plan in a timely manner.

Our success depends largely upon the continued services of our existing management. We are also substantially dependent on the continued service of our key development personnel for product innovation. We generally do not have employment or non-compete agreements with our existing management or development personnel and, therefore, they could terminate their employment with us at any time without penalty and could pursue employment opportunities with any of our competitors. The loss of key employees could seriously harm our ability to release new products on a timely basis and could significantly help our competitors.

Because competition for our target employees is intense, we may not be able to attract and retain the highly skilled employees we need to support our planned growth.

To execute our growth plan, we must attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Competition for these personnel is intense, especially for engineers with high levels of experience in designing and developing software and senior sales executives. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel. We have from time to time in the past experienced, and we expect to continue to experience in the future, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications. Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have. In addition, in making employment decisions, particularly in the high-technology industry, job candidates often consider the value of the stock options, restricted stock grants or other equity-based compensation they are to receive in connection with their employment. A decline in the value of our stock after this offering could adversely affect our ability to attract or retain key employees. If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our business and future growth prospects could be severely harmed.

If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our competitive position could be harmed or we could be required to incur significant expenses to enforce our rights.

We depend on our ability to protect our proprietary technology. We rely on trade secret, patent, copyright and trademark laws and confidentiality agreements with employees and third parties, all of which offer only limited protection. As such, despite our efforts, the steps we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be adequate to preclude misappropriation of our proprietary information or infringement of our intellectual property rights, and our ability to police such misappropriation or infringement is uncertain, particularly in countries outside of the United States. Further, with respect to patent rights, we do not know whether any of our pending patent applications will result in the issuance of patents or whether the examination process will require us to narrow our claims. Even if patents are issued from our patent applications, which is not certain, they may be contested, circumvented or invalidated in the future. Moreover, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages, and, as with any technology, competitors may be able to develop similar or superior technologies to our own now or in the future. In addition, we rely on contractual and license agreements with third parties in connection with their use of our products and technology. There is no guarantee that such parties will abide by the terms of such agreements or that we will be able to adequately enforce our rights, in part because we rely on “click-wrap” and “shrink-wrap” licenses in some instances.

Detecting and protecting against the unauthorized use of our products, technology and proprietary rights is expensive, difficult and, in some cases, impossible. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce or defend

 

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our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources, either of which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition, and there is no guarantee that we would be successful. Furthermore, many of our current and potential competitors have the ability to dedicate substantially greater resources to protecting their technology or intellectual property rights than do we. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property, which could result in a substantial loss of our market share.

We provide access to our hypervisor and other selected source code to partners, which creates additional risk that our competitors could develop products that are similar or better than ours.

Our success and ability to compete depend substantially upon our internally developed technology, which is incorporated in the source code for our products. We seek to protect the source code, design code, documentation and other written materials for our software, under trade secret and copyright laws. However, we have chosen to provide access to our hypervisor and other selected source code to more than 35 of our partners for co-development, as well as for open APIs, formats and protocols. Though we generally control access to our source code and other intellectual property, and enter into confidentiality or license agreements with such partners, as well as with our employees and consultants, our safeguards may be insufficient to protect our rights to our technology. Our protective measures may be inadequate, especially because we may not be able to prevent our partners, employees or consultants from violating any agreements or licenses we may have in place or abusing their access granted to our source code. Improper disclosure or use of our source code could help competitors develop products similar to or better than ours.

Claims by others that we infringe their proprietary technology could force us to pay damages or prevent us from using certain technology in our products.

Third parties could claim that our products or technology infringe their proprietary rights. This risk may increase as the number of products and competitors in our market increases and overlaps occur. In addition, to the extent that we gain greater visibility and market exposure as a public company, we face a higher risk of being the subject of intellectual property infringement claims. Any claim of infringement by a third party, even one without merit, could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against the claim, and could distract our management from our business. Furthermore, a party making such a claim, if successful, could secure a judgment that requires us to pay substantial damages. A judgment could also include an injunction or other court order that could prevent us from offering our products. In addition, we might be required to seek a license for the use of such intellectual property, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Alternatively, we may be required to develop non-infringing technology, which could require significant effort and expense and may ultimately not be successful. Any of these events could seriously harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Third parties may also assert infringement claims against our customers and channel partners. Any of these claims could require us to initiate or defend potentially protracted and costly litigation on their behalf, regardless of the merits of these claims, because we generally indemnify our customers and channel partners from claims of infringement of proprietary rights of third parties in connection with the use of our products. If any of these claims succeed, we may be forced to pay damages on behalf of our customers or channel partners, which could materially reduce our income.

Our use of “open source” software could negatively affect our ability to sell our products and subject us to possible litigation.

A significant portion of the products or technologies acquired, licensed or developed by us may incorporate so-called “open source” software, and we may incorporate open source software into other products in the future. Such open source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open source licenses, including, for example, the GNU General Public License, the GNU Lesser General Public License, “Apache-style” licenses, “Berkeley Software Distribution,” “BSD-style” licenses and other open source licenses. We monitor our use of open source software in an effort to avoid subjecting our products to conditions we do not

 

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intend. Although we believe that we have complied with our obligations under the various applicable licenses for open source software that we use such that we have not triggered any such conditions, there is little or no legal precedent governing the interpretation of many of the terms of certain of these licenses, and therefore the potential impact of these terms on our business is somewhat unknown and may result in unanticipated obligations regarding our products and technologies. For example, we may be subjected to certain conditions, including requirements that we offer our products that use the open source software for no cost, that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open source software and/or that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license.

If an author or other third party that distributes such open source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations. If our defenses were not successful, we could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from the distribution of our products that contained the open source software and required to comply with the foregoing conditions, which could disrupt the distribution and sale of some of our products. In addition, if we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner, under some open source licenses we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software, which could substantially help our competitors develop products that are similar to or better than ours.

Our sales cycles can be long and unpredictable, and our sales efforts require considerable time and expense. As a result, our sales are difficult to predict and may vary substantially from quarter to quarter, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate significantly.

The timing of our revenue is difficult to predict. Our sales efforts involve educating our customers about the use and benefit of our products, including their technical capabilities and potential cost savings to an organization. Customers typically undertake a significant evaluation process that has in the past resulted in a lengthy sales cycle, which typically lasts several months, and may last a year or longer. We spend substantial time, effort and money on our sales efforts without any assurance that our efforts will produce any sales. In addition, product purchases are frequently subject to budget constraints, multiple approvals, and unplanned administrative, processing and other delays. If sales expected from a specific customer for a particular quarter are not realized in that quarter or at all, our results could fall short of public expectations and our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Our current research and development efforts may not produce significant revenues for several years, if at all.

Developing our products is expensive. Our investment in research and development may not result in marketable products or may result in products that take longer to generate revenues, or generate less revenues, than we anticipate. Our research and development expenses were $148.3 million, or 21.1% of our total revenues in 2006, and $72.6 million, or 18.7% of our total revenues in 2005. Our future plans include significant investments in software research and development and related product opportunities. We believe that we must continue to dedicate a significant amount of resources to our research and development efforts to maintain our competitive position. However, we may not receive significant revenues from these investments for several years, if at all.

We may not be able to respond to rapid technological changes with new solutions and services offerings, which could have a material adverse effect on our sales and profitability.

The markets for our software solutions are characterized by rapid technological changes, changing customer needs, frequent new software product introductions and evolving industry standards. The introduction of third- party solutions embodying new technologies and the emergence of new industry standards could make our existing and future software solutions obsolete and unmarketable. We may not be able to develop updated

 

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products that keep pace with technological developments and emerging industry standards and that address the increasingly sophisticated needs of our customers or that interoperate with new or updated operating systems and hardware devices or certify our products to work with these systems and devices, and there is no assurance that any of our new offerings would be accepted in the marketplace. Significant reductions in server-related costs or the rise of more efficient infrastructure management software could also affect demand for our software solutions. As a result, we may not be able to accurately predict the lifecycle of our software solutions, and they may become obsolete before we receive the amount of revenues that we anticipate from them. If any of the foregoing events were to occur, our ability to retain or increase market share in the virtualization software market could be materially adversely affected.

Our ability to sell our products is dependent on the quality of our support and services offerings, and our failure to offer high-quality support and services could have a material adverse effect on our sales and results of operations.

Once our products are integrated within our customers’ hardware and software systems, our customers may depend on our support organization to resolve any issues relating to our products. A high level of support is critical for the successful marketing and sale of our products. If we or our channel partners do not effectively assist our customers in deploying our products, succeed in helping our customers quickly resolve post-deployment issues, and provide effective ongoing support, our ability to sell our products to existing customers would be adversely affected, and our reputation with potential customers could be harmed. In addition, as we expand our operations internationally, our support organization will face additional challenges, including those associated with delivering support, training and documentation in languages other than English. As a result, our failure to maintain high-quality support and services, or to adequately assist our channel partners in providing high-quality support and services, could result in customers choosing to use our competitors’ products instead of ours in the future.

Adverse economic conditions or reduced information technology spending may adversely impact our revenues.

Our business depends on the overall demand for information technology and on the economic health of our current and prospective customers. The purchase of our products is often discretionary and may involve a significant commitment of capital and other resources. Weak economic conditions, or a reduction in information technology spending even if economic conditions improve, would likely adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition in a number of ways, including by lengthening sales cycles, lowering prices for our products and services and reducing unit sales.

We may engage in future acquisitions that could disrupt our business, cause dilution to our stockholders and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

In the future we may seek to acquire other businesses, products or technologies. However, we may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. If we do complete acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals, or may be viewed negatively by customers, financial markets or investors. Acquisitions may disrupt our ongoing operations, divert management from day-to-day responsibilities, increase our expenses and adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition. Future acquisitions may reduce our cash available for operations and other uses and could result in an increase in amortization expense related to identifiable assets acquired, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt. We have limited historical experience with the integration of acquired companies. There can be no assurance that we will be able to manage the integration of acquired businesses effectively or be able to retain and motivate key personnel from these businesses. Any difficulties we encounter in the integration process could divert management from day-to-day responsibilities, increase our expenses and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Operating in foreign countries subjects us to additional risks that may harm our ability to increase or maintain our international sales and operations.

In 2006, we derived approximately 44% of our revenue from customers outside the United States. We have sales and technical support personnel in numerous countries worldwide. We expect to continue to add personnel in additional countries. Our international operations subject us to a variety of risks, including:

 

   

the difficulty of managing and staffing international offices and the increased travel, infrastructure and legal compliance costs associated with multiple international locations;

 

   

difficulties in enforcing contracts and collecting accounts receivable, and longer payment cycles, especially in emerging markets;

 

   

difficulties in delivering support, training and documentation in certain foreign markets;

 

   

tariffs and trade barriers and other regulatory or contractual limitations on our ability to sell or develop our products in certain foreign markets;

 

   

increased exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk;

 

   

reduced protection for intellectual property rights, including reduced protection from software piracy in some countries; and

 

   

difficulties in maintaining appropriate controls relating to revenue recognition practices.

As we continue to expand our business globally, our success will depend, in large part, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks associated with our international operations. Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully could harm our international operations and reduce our international sales.

Our products are highly technical and may contain errors, which could cause harm to our reputation and adversely affect our business.

Our products are highly technical and complex and, when deployed, have contained and may contain errors, defects or security vulnerabilities. Some errors in our products may only be discovered after a product has been installed and used by customers. Any errors, defects or security vulnerabilities discovered in our products after commercial release could result in loss of revenue or delay in revenue recognition, loss of customers and increased service and warranty cost, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, we could face claims for product liability, tort or breach of warranty, including claims relating to changes to our products made by our channel partners. Our contracts with customers contain provisions relating to warranty disclaimers and liability limitations, which may not be upheld. Defending a lawsuit, regardless of its merit, is costly and may divert management’s attention and adversely affect the market’s perception of us and our products. In addition, if our business liability insurance coverage proves inadequate or future coverage is unavailable on acceptable terms or at all, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

Our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in the design and operation of our internal controls as of December 31, 2006, which, if not remedied, could result in material misstatements in our financial statements in future periods.

Our independent registered public accounting firm reported to our board of directors a material weakness in the design and operation of our internal controls as of December 31, 2006 related to the capitalization of software development costs. A material weakness is defined by the standards issued by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board as a more than remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected. The material weakness resulted from a lack of adequate internal controls to ensure the timely identification and accumulation of costs once a project reaches technological

 

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feasibility under applicable accounting standards. The consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus reflect adjustments to properly state our capitalized software development costs for the periods included therein. Our independent registered public accounting firm was not engaged to audit the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006. If such an evaluation had been performed, additional material weaknesses may have been identified.

Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the current rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, our management and auditors will be required to evaluate and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. We believe we have a plan in place to remediate the material weakness by implementing additional formal policies, procedures and processes, hiring additional accounting personnel and increasing management review and oversight over the financial statement close process. We believe we had adequate controls in place at June 30, 2007 to remediate the material weakness and that there have not been and will not be any material costs associated with such remediation. If our remediation is insufficient to address the material weakness, or if additional material weaknesses in our internal controls are discovered in the future, we may fail to meet our future reporting obligations, our financial statements may contain material misstatements and the price of our common stock may decline.

If we fail to implement an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, our stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could harm our business and the trading price of our common stock.

We are preparing for compliance with Section 404 by addressing the existing material weakness in our internal controls and by strengthening, assessing and testing our system of internal controls. In particular, we believe we will need to increase the number of our accounting personnel and improve our processes and systems to ensure timely and accurate reporting of our financial results in accordance with reporting obligations as a stand-alone public company following this offering. However, the continuous process of strengthening our internal controls and complying with Section 404 is expensive and time-consuming, and requires significant management attention. We cannot be certain that these measures will ensure that we will remediate the existing material weakness or implement adequate control over our financial processes and reporting. In addition, we have identified certain processes that need to be automated in order to ensure that we have effective internal control over financial reporting. If we are not able to automate these processes in a timely fashion, we will not be able to ensure compliance. Furthermore, if we rapidly grow our business, our internal controls will become more complex and we will require significantly more resources to ensure our internal controls overall remain effective. Failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. If we or our independent registered public accounting firm discover additional material weaknesses, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market’s confidence in our financial statements and harm our stock price. In addition, future non-compliance with Section 404 could subject us to a variety of administrative sanctions, including the suspension or delisting of our common stock from the exchange on which we decide to list and the inability of registered broker-dealers to make a market in our common stock, which could further reduce our stock price.

If we fail to manage future growth effectively, we may not be able to meet our customers’ needs or be able to meet our future reporting obligations.

We have expanded our operations significantly since inception and anticipate that further significant expansion will be required. This future growth, if it occurs, will place significant demands on our management, infrastructure and other resources. To manage any future growth, we will need to hire, integrate and retain highly skilled and motivated employees. We will also need to continue to improve our financial and management controls, reporting and operational systems and procedures. If we do not effectively manage our growth we may not be able to meet our customers’ needs, thereby adversely affecting our sales, or be able to meet our future reporting obligations.

 

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Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, floods and other natural catastrophic events, and to interruption by man-made problems, such as computer viruses or terrorism, which could result in delays or cancellations of customer orders or the deployment of our products.

Our corporate headquarters are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a region known for seismic activity. A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire or a flood, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, our servers are vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems. In addition, acts of terrorism or war could cause disruptions in our or our customers’ business or the economy as a whole. To the extent that such disruptions result in delays or cancellations of customer orders, or the deployment of our products, our revenues would be adversely affected.

Changes to financial accounting standards may affect our reported financial results and cause us to change our business practices.

We prepare our financial statements to conform with generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, in the United States. These accounting principles are subject to interpretation by the SEC and various other bodies. A change in those policies can have a significant effect on our reported results and may affect our reporting of transactions completed before a change is announced. Changes to those rules or the interpretation of our current practices may adversely affect our reported financial results or the way we conduct our business.

Risks Related to Our Relationship with EMC

As long as EMC controls us, your ability to influence matters requiring stockholder approval will be limited.

After this offering, EMC will own 32,500,000 shares of Class A common stock and all 300,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, representing approximately 89% of the total outstanding shares of common stock or 99% of the voting power of outstanding common stock. The holders of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock have identical rights, preferences and privileges except with respect to voting and conversion rights, the election of directors, certain actions that require the consent of holders of Class B common stock and other protective provisions as set forth in this prospectus. Holders of our Class B common stock will be entitled to 10 votes per share of Class B common stock, and the holders of our Class A common stock will be entitled to one vote per share of Class A common stock. The holders of Class B common stock, voting separately as a class, are entitled to elect 80% of the total number of directors on our board of directors which we would have if there were no vacancies on our board of directors at the time. Subject to any rights of any series of preferred stock to elect directors, the holders of Class A common stock and the holders of Class B common stock, voting together as a single class, are entitled to elect our remaining directors, which at no time will be less than one director. If EMC transfers shares of our Class B common stock to any party other than a successor-in-interest or a subsidiary of EMC (other than in a distribution to its stockholders under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, or in transfers following such a distribution), those shares would automatically convert into Class A common stock. For so long as EMC or its successor-in-interest beneficially owns shares of our common stock representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of outstanding voting stock, EMC will be able to elect all of the members of our board of directors.

In addition, until such time as EMC or its successor-in-interest beneficially owns shares of our common stock representing less than a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of outstanding voting stock, EMC will have the ability to take stockholder action without the vote of any other stockholder and without having to call a stockholder meeting, and investors in this offering will not be able to affect the outcome of any stockholder vote during this period. As a result, EMC will have the ability to control all matters affecting us, including:

 

   

the composition of our board of directors and, through our board of directors, any determination with respect to our business plans and policies;

 

   

any determinations with respect to mergers, acquisitions and other business combinations;

 

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our acquisition or disposition of assets;

 

   

our financing activities;

 

   

certain changes to our certificate of incorporation;

 

   

changes to the agreements providing for our transition to becoming a public company;

 

   

corporate opportunities that may be suitable for us and EMC;

 

   

determinations with respect to enforcement of rights we may have against third parties, including with respect to intellectual property rights;

 

   

the payment of dividends on our common stock; and

 

   

the number of shares available for issuance under our stock plans for our prospective and existing employees.

Our certificate of incorporation and the master transaction agreement also contain provisions that require that as long as EMC beneficially owns at least 20% or more of the outstanding shares of our common stock, the prior affirmative vote or written consent of EMC (or its successor-in-interest) as the holder of the Class B common stock is required (subject in each case to certain exceptions) in order to authorize us to:

 

   

consolidate or merge with any other entity;

 

   

acquire the stock or assets of another entity in excess of $100 million;

 

   

issue any stock or securities except to our subsidiaries or pursuant to this offering or our employee benefit plans;

 

   

dissolve, liquidate or wind us up;

 

   

declare dividends on our stock;

 

   

enter into any exclusive or exclusionary arrangement with a third party involving, in whole or in part, products or services that are similar to EMC’s; and

 

   

amend, terminate or adopt any provision inconsistent with certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws.

If EMC does not provide any requisite consent allowing us to conduct such activities when requested, we will not be able to conduct such activities and, as a result, our business and our operating results may be harmed.

EMC’s voting control and its additional rights described above may discourage transactions involving a change of control of us, including transactions in which you as a holder of our Class A common stock might otherwise receive a premium for your shares over the then-current market price. EMC is not prohibited from selling a controlling interest in us to a third party and may do so without your approval and without providing for a purchase of your shares of Class A common stock. Accordingly, your shares of Class A common stock may be worth less than they would be if EMC did not maintain voting control over us or have the additional rights described above.

In the event EMC is acquired or otherwise undergoes a change of control, any acquiror or successor will be entitled to exercise the voting control and contractual rights of EMC, and may do so in a manner that could vary significantly from that of EMC.

By becoming a stockholder in our company, you will be deemed to have notice of and have consented to the provisions of our certificate of incorporation and the master transaction agreement with respect to the limitations that are described above.

 

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Our business and that of EMC overlap, and EMC may compete with us, which could reduce our market share.

EMC and we are both IT infrastructure companies providing products related to storage management, back-up, disaster recovery, security, system management and automation, provisioning and resource management. There can be no assurance that EMC will not engage in increased competition with us in the future. In addition, the intellectual property agreement that we will enter into with EMC will provide EMC the ability to use our source code and intellectual property, which, subject to limitations, it may use to produce certain products that compete with ours. EMC’s rights in this regard extend to its majority owned subsidiaries, which could include joint ventures where EMC holds a majority position and one or more of our competitors hold minority positions.

EMC could assert control over us in a manner which could impede our growth or our ability to enter new markets or otherwise adversely affect our business. Further, EMC could utilize its control over us to cause us to take or refrain from taking certain actions, including entering into relationships with channel, technology and other marketing partners, enforcing our intellectual property rights or pursuing corporate opportunities or product development initiatives that could adversely affect our competitive position, including our competitive position relative to that of EMC in markets where we compete with them. In addition, EMC maintains significant partnerships with certain of our competitors, including Microsoft.

EMC’s competition in certain markets may affect our ability to build and maintain partnerships.

Our existing and potential partner relationships may be affected by our relationship with EMC. We partner with a number of companies that compete with EMC in certain markets in which EMC participates. EMC’s majority ownership in us might affect our ability to effectively partner with these companies. These companies may favor our competitors because of our relationship with EMC.

EMC competes with certain of our significant channel, technology and other marketing partners, including IBM and Hewlett-Packard. Pursuant to our certificate of incorporation and other agreements that we will have with EMC, EMC may have the ability to impact our relationship with our partners that compete with EMC, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or our ability to pursue opportunities which may otherwise be available to us.

Our historical financial information as a business segment of EMC may not be representative of our results as an independent public company.

The historical financial information we have included in this prospectus does not necessarily reflect what our financial position, results of operations or cash flows would have been had we been an independent entity during the historical periods presented. The historical costs and expenses reflected in our consolidated financial statements include an allocation for certain corporate functions historically provided by EMC, including tax, accounting, treasury, legal and human resources services. The historical financial information is not necessarily indicative of what our results of operations, financial position, cash flows or costs and expenses will be in the future. We have not made pro forma adjustments to reflect many significant changes that will occur in our cost structure, funding and operations as a result of our transition to becoming a public company, including changes in our employee base, potential increased costs associated with reduced economies of scale and increased costs associated with being a publicly traded, stand-alone company. For additional information, see “Selected Consolidated Financial Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our historical consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

Our ability to operate our business effectively may suffer if we are unable to cost-effectively establish our own administrative and other support functions in order to operate as a stand-alone company after the expiration of our transitional services agreements with EMC.

As a subsidiary of EMC, we have relied on administrative and other resources of EMC to operate our business. In connection with this offering, we will enter into various service agreements to retain the ability for

 

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specified periods to use these EMC resources. See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions.” These services may not be provided at the same level as when we were a wholly owned subsidiary of EMC, and we may not be able to obtain the same benefits that we received prior to this offering. These services may not be sufficient to meet our needs, and after our agreements with EMC expire, we may not be able to replace these services at all or obtain these services at prices and on terms as favorable as we currently have with EMC. We will need to create our own administrative and other support systems or contract with third parties to replace EMC’s systems. In addition, we have received informal support from EMC which may not be addressed in the agreements we will enter into with EMC; the level of this informal support may diminish as we become a more independent company. Any failure or significant downtime in our own administrative systems or in EMC’s administrative systems during the transitional period could result in unexpected costs, impact our results and/or prevent us from paying our suppliers or employees and performing other administrative services on a timely basis. See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions—Relationship with EMC Corporation” for a description of these services.

After this offering, we will be a smaller company relative to EMC, which could result in increased costs because of a decrease in our purchasing power and difficulty maintaining existing customer relationships and obtaining new customers.

Prior to this offering, we were able to take advantage of EMC’s size and purchasing power in procuring goods, technology and services, including insurance, employee benefit support and audit and other professional services. We are a smaller company than EMC, and we cannot assure you that we will have access to financial and other resources comparable to those available to us prior to the offering. As a stand-alone company, we may be unable to obtain office space, goods, technology and services at prices or on terms as favorable as those available to us prior to this offering, which could increase our costs and reduce our profitability. Our future success depends on our ability to maintain our current relationships with existing customers, and we may have difficulty attracting new customers.

In order to preserve the ability for EMC to distribute its shares of our Class B common stock on a tax-free basis, we may be prevented from pursuing opportunities to raise capital, to effectuate acquisitions or to provide equity incentives to our employees, which could hurt our ability to grow.

Beneficial ownership of at least 80% of the total voting power and 80% of each class of nonvoting capital stock is required in order for EMC to effect a tax-free spin-off of VMware or certain other tax-free transactions. We have agreed that for so long as EMC or its successor-in-interest continues to own greater than 50% of the voting control of our outstanding common stock, we will not knowingly take or fail to take any action that could reasonably be expected to preclude EMC’s or its successor-in-interest’s ability to undertake a tax-free spin-off. Additionally, under our certificate of incorporation and the master transaction agreement, we must obtain the consent of EMC or its successor-in-interest as the holder of our Class B common stock to issue stock or other VMware securities excluding pursuant to employee benefit plans, which could cause us to forgo capital raising or acquisition opportunities that would otherwise be available to us. See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions—Relationship with EMC Corporation.” As a result, we may be precluded from pursuing certain growth initiatives.

Third parties may seek to hold us responsible for liabilities of EMC, which could result in a decrease in our income.

Third parties may seek to hold us responsible for EMC’s liabilities. Under our master transaction agreement with EMC, EMC will indemnify us for claims and losses relating to liabilities related to EMC’s business and not related to our business. However, if those liabilities are significant and we are ultimately held liable for them, we cannot assure you that we will be able to recover the full amount of our losses from EMC.

 

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Although we intend to enter into a new tax sharing agreement with EMC under which our tax liabilities effectively will be determined as if we were not part of any consolidated, combined or unitary tax group of EMC Corporation and/or its subsidiaries, we nonetheless could be held liable for the tax liabilities of other members of these groups.

We have historically been included in EMC’s consolidated group for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as well as in certain consolidated, combined or unitary groups that include EMC Corporation and/or certain of its subsidiaries for state and local income tax purposes. We intend to enter into a new tax sharing agreement with EMC that will become effective upon consummation of this offering. Pursuant to the new tax sharing agreement, we and EMC generally will make payments to each other such that, with respect to tax returns for any taxable period in which we or any of our subsidiaries are included in EMC’s consolidated group for U.S. federal income tax purposes or any other consolidated, combined or unitary group of EMC Corporation and/or its subsidiaries, the amount of taxes to be paid by us will be determined, subject to certain adjustments, as if we and each of our subsidiaries included in such consolidated, combined or unitary group filed our own consolidated, combined or unitary tax return.

We have been included in the EMC consolidated group for U.S. federal income tax purposes for periods in which EMC owned at least 80% of the total voting power and value of our outstanding stock and expect to be included in such consolidated group following this offering. Each member of a consolidated group during any part of a consolidated return year is jointly and severally liable for tax on the consolidated return of such year and for any subsequently determined deficiency thereon. Similarly, in some jurisdictions, each member of a consolidated, combined or unitary group for state, local or foreign income tax purposes is jointly and severally liable for the state, local or foreign income tax liability of each other member of the consolidated, combined or unitary group. Accordingly, for any period in which we are included in the EMC consolidated group for U.S. federal income tax purposes or any other consolidated, combined or unitary group of EMC Corporation and/or its subsidiaries, we could be liable in the event that any income tax liability was incurred, but not discharged, by any other member of any such group.

Our inability to resolve favorably any disputes that arise between us and EMC with respect to our past and ongoing relationships may result in a significant reduction of our revenue.

Disputes may arise between EMC and us in a number of areas relating to our ongoing relationships, including:

 

   

labor, tax, employee benefit, indemnification and other matters arising from our separation from EMC;

 

   

employee retention and recruiting;

 

   

business combinations involving us;

 

   

our ability to engage in activities with certain channel, technology or other marketing partners;

 

   

sales or dispositions by EMC of all or any portion of its ownership interest in us;

 

   

the nature, quality and pricing of services EMC has agreed to provide us;

 

   

business opportunities that may be attractive to both EMC and us; and

 

   

product or technology development or marketing activities which may require the consent of EMC.

We may not be able to resolve any potential conflicts, and even if we do, the resolution may be less favorable than if we were dealing with an unaffiliated party.

The agreements we will enter into with EMC may be amended upon agreement between the parties. While we are controlled by EMC, we may not have the leverage to negotiate amendments to these agreements if required on terms as favorable to us as those we would negotiate with an unaffiliated third party.

 

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Some of our directors and executive officers own EMC common stock, restricted shares of EMC common stock or options to acquire EMC common stock and hold management positions with EMC, which could cause conflicts of interests that result in our not acting on opportunities we otherwise may have.

Some of our directors and executive officers own EMC common stock and options to purchase EMC common stock. In addition, some of our directors are executive officers and/or directors of EMC. Ownership of EMC common stock, restricted shares of EMC common stock and options to purchase EMC common stock by our directors and officers after this offering and the presence of executive officers or directors of EMC on our board of directors could create, or appear to create, conflicts of interest with respect to matters involving both us and EMC that could have different implications for EMC than they do for us. Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and the master transaction agreement address corporate opportunities that are presented to our directors or officers that are also directors or officers of EMC. We cannot assure you that the provisions in our certificate of incorporation will adequately address potential conflicts of interest or that potential conflicts of interest will be resolved in our favor or that we will be able to take advantage of corporate opportunities presented to individuals who are officers or directors of both us and EMC. As a result, we may be precluded from pursuing certain growth initiatives.

EMC’s ability to control our board of directors may make it difficult for us to recruit high-quality independent directors.

So long as EMC beneficially owns shares of our common stock representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of outstanding voting stock, EMC can effectively control and direct our board of directors. Further, the interests of EMC and our other stockholders may diverge. Under these circumstances, persons who might otherwise accept our invitation to join our board of directors may decline.

We will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange rules, and, as a result, will rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to stockholders of other companies.

After the completion of this offering, EMC will own more than 50% of the total voting power of our common shares and we will be a “controlled company” under the New York Stock Exchange corporate governance standards. As a controlled company, certain exemptions under the New York Stock Exchange standards free us from the obligation to comply with certain New York Stock Exchange corporate governance requirements, including the requirements:

 

   

that a majority of our board of directors consists of independent directors;

 

   

that we have a corporate governance and nominating committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities;

 

   

that we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and

 

   

for an annual performance evaluation of the nominating and governance committee and compensation committee.

While we will voluntarily cause our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee to initially be composed entirely of independent directors in compliance with the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange, we are not required to maintain the independent composition of the committee. As a result of our use of the “controlled company” exemptions, you will not have the same protection afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the New York Stock Exchange corporate governance requirements.

Intel’s ownership relationship with us and the membership of an Intel representative on our board may create actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Under a pending investment by Intel Capital, Intel will have an ownership relationship with us and a representative of Intel is expected to become a member of our board. This relationship may create actual or potential conflicts of interest and the best interest of Intel may not reflect your best interests. The terms of this relationship are discussed in the section entitled “Recent Developments” and “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions.”

 

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Risks Related to this Offering

Our stock price may be volatile, and you may not be able to resell shares of our Class A common stock at or above the price you paid.

Prior to this offering, our Class A common stock has not been traded in a public market. The estimated initial public offering price for the shares was determined by negotiations between us and the representatives of the underwriters and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the trading market. The trading price of our Class A common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations due to the factors discussed in this risk factors section and elsewhere in this prospectus. These broad market and industry factors may decrease the market price of our Class A common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. The stock market in general and technology companies in particular also have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.

No public market for our common stock currently exists and an active trading market may not develop or be sustained following this offering.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. An active trading market may not develop following the closing of this offering or, if developed, may not be sustained. The lack of an active market may impair your ability to sell your shares at the time you wish to sell them or at a price that you consider reasonable. The lack of an active market may also reduce the fair market value of your shares. In addition, an inactive market may impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares and may impair our ability to acquire other companies or technologies by using our shares as consideration, which in turn could materially adversely affect our business.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our stock adversely, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our Class A common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If any of the analysts who may cover us change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

We will have broad discretion in the use of a significant part of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.

Our management currently intends to use the net proceeds from this offering in the manner described in “Use of Proceeds” and will have broad discretion in the application of a significant part of the net proceeds from this offering. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could affect our ability to continue to develop and market our products.

 

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Substantial future sales of our Class A common stock in the public market could cause our stock price to fall.

Sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market after this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline and impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional equity securities. Upon completion of this offering, we will have 75,000,000 shares of Class A common stock outstanding, and EMC will own 32,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock and 300,000,000 shares of our Class B common stock, representing approximately 89% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. All shares sold in this offering will be freely transferable, subject, in the case of affiliates, to applicable volume and other restrictions under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, and subject to the lock-up arrangements described in “Underwriting” and “Shares Eligible for Future Sale.” Our Class B common stock may be converted into Class A common stock at any time. EMC has no contractual obligation to retain these shares, other than the lock-up arrangement. In addition, EMC has the right to cause us to register the sale of its shares of our common stock under the Securities Act. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in these shares, other than shares purchased by our affiliates, becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration.

If EMC elects to convert its shares of Class B common stock into Class A common stock, an additional 300,000,000 shares of Class A common stock will be available for sale after the period of 180 days from date of this prospectus (subject to extension in certain circumstances), subject to volume and other restrictions as applicable under Rule 144 of the Securities Act.

Immediately after this offering, we intend to file a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act covering the shares of Class A common stock issuable under outstanding options and the shares of Class A restricted stock which will be outstanding after this offering and 80,000,000 shares reserved for future issuance under our 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan. This registration statement will automatically become effective upon filing. Shares registered under this registration statement will be available for sale in the open market, subject to the lock-up arrangements described above, as well as any stock option vesting requirements and the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock, although sales of shares held by our affiliates will be limited by Rule 144 volume limitations. Sales of substantial amounts of these securities could cause our stock price to fall.

Intel Capital’s pending investment in our Class A common stock may not be consummated, and as a result, our stock price may be negatively impacted.

The closing of Intel Capital’s purchase of 9.5 million shares of our Class A common stock is subject to expiration of the applicable waiting period under the HSR Act and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions, including the absence of a material adverse change. We cannot assure you that the investment will close. This offering is not conditioned on the closing of the Intel Capital investment, and if the Intel Capital investment does not close, our stock price may be negatively impacted.

Purchasers in this offering will immediately experience substantial dilution in net tangible book value.

The initial public offering price of our Class A common stock is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per outstanding share of our common stock. Purchasers of our Class A common stock in this offering will incur immediate and substantial dilution of $23.52 per share in the net tangible book value of our common stock based on the assumed initial public offering price of $24.00 per share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). This dilution is due in large part to the fact that EMC paid substantially less than the assumed initial public offering price when they purchased their shares of common stock. The exercise of options and the grant of restricted stock pursuant to the exchange offer may result in further dilution. In addition, we have issued options to acquire our Class A common stock at $23.00 per share. To the extent these outstanding options are ultimately exercised, there will be further dilution to investors in this offering. In addition, if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares from us or if we issue additional equity securities, investors in this offering will experience additional dilution.

 

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The number of outstanding options to purchase our stock and the potential dilution to purchasers in this offering that may occur upon the exercise of such options will not be known until after the offering is priced.

Our eligible employees who have options to acquire shares of EMC stock or hold shares of EMC restricted stock will have the ability to exchange such options or restricted stock for options to acquire shares of our Class A common stock and our Class A restricted stock, respectively, pursuant to an exchange offer being conducted concurrently with this offering. The precise number of options or shares of our restricted stock to be issued pursuant to this exchange offer will not be known until the pricing of this offering. See “Summary—The Offering” for a description of the potential dilution that could occur as a result of the exchange offer.

The difference in the voting rights of our Class A and our Class B common stock may harm the value and liquidity of our Class A common stock.

The rights of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting, the election of directors, conversion, certain actions that require the consent of holders of Class B common stock and other protective provisions as set forth in this prospectus. The holders of Class B common stock shall be entitled to 10 votes per share, as well as certain consent and other rights associated with the Class B common stock, and the holders of our Class A common stock shall be entitled to one vote per share. The holders of Class B common stock will also be entitled to elect at least 80% of our board of directors, and, subject to any rights of any series or class of preferred stock to elect directors, the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, voting together as a single class, will entitled to elect the remaining directors, which will never be less than one. The difference in the right to elect directors and the voting rights of our Class A and Class B common stock could harm the value of the Class A common stock to the extent that any current or future investor in our common stock ascribes value to the rights of the holders of our Class B common stock to elect at least 80% of our board of directors or to 10 votes per share. The existence of two classes of common stock could result in less liquidity for either class of common stock than if there were only one class of our common stock. See “Description of Capital Stock” for a description of our common stock and rights associated with it.

Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain anti-takeover provisions that could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws will have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. These provisions include the following:

 

   

the division of our board of directors into three classes, with each class serving for a staggered three-year term, which would prevent stockholders from electing an entirely new board of directors at any annual meeting;

 

   

the right of the board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors;

 

   

following a distribution of Class B common stock by EMC to its stockholders, the restriction that a beneficial owner of 10% or more of our Class B common stock may not vote in any election of directors unless such person or group also owns at least an equivalent percentage of Class A common stock or obtains approval of our board of directors prior to acquiring beneficial ownership of at least 5% of Class B common stock;

 

   

the prohibition of cumulative voting in the election of directors or any other matters, which would otherwise allow less than a majority of stockholders to elect director candidates;

 

   

the requirement for advance notice for nominations for election to the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting;

 

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the ability of the board of directors to issue, without stockholder approval, up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock with terms set by the board of directors, which rights could be senior to those of common stock; and

 

   

in the event that EMC or its successor-in-interest no longer owns shares of our common stock representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors, stockholders may not act by written consent and may not call special meetings of the stockholders.

Until such time as EMC or its successor-in-interest ceases to beneficially own 20% or more of the outstanding shares of our common stock, the affirmative vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Class B common stock will be required to:

 

   

amend certain provisions of our bylaws or certificate of incorporation;

 

   

make certain acquisitions or dispositions;

 

   

declare dividends, or undertake a recapitalization or liquidation;

 

   

adopt any stockholder rights plan, “poison pill” or other similar arrangement;

 

   

approve any transactions that would involve a merger, consolidation, restructuring, sale of substantially all of our assets or any of our subsidiaries or otherwise result in any person or entity obtaining control of us or any of our subsidiaries; or

 

   

undertake certain other actions.

In addition, we have elected to apply the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. These provisions may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or combining with us. These provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and under Delaware law could discourage potential takeover attempts and could reduce the price that investors might be willing to pay for shares of our common stock in the future and result in the market price of our shares of common stock being lower than it would be without these provisions.

As a public company we will incur additional costs and face increased demands on our management.

As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not directly incur as a private company. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as the rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange, have required changes in corporate governance practices of public companies. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, as a result of becoming a public company, we intend to add independent directors, create additional board committees and adopt certain policies regarding internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. In addition, we will incur additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules, and we cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. Furthermore, our management will have increased demands on its time in order to ensure we comply with public company reporting requirements and the compliance requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as the rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and the applicable stock exchange requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.

After the completion of this offering, we do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.

After the completion of this offering, we do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Consequently, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our common stock.

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Some of the statements under “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business” and elsewhere in this prospectus may contain forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and financial performance. You can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking words, such as “outlook,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “predicts,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or the negative version of those words or other comparable words. Any forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are based upon our historical performance and on current plans, estimates and expectations. The inclusion of this forward-looking information should not be regarded as a representation by us, the underwriters or any other person that the future plans, estimates or expectations contemplated by us will be achieved. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. We believe that these factors include but are not limited to those described under “Risk Factors.” These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this prospectus. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may vary materially from what we may have anticipated. Any forward-looking statements you read in this prospectus reflect our current views with respect to future events and are subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our operations, results of operations, financial condition, growth strategy and liquidity. You should specifically consider the factors identified in this prospectus that could cause our actual results to differ before making an investment decision.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that our net proceeds from the sale of the Class A common stock that we are offering will be approximately $741.4 million, at an assumed initial public offering price of $24.00 per share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and offering expenses that we must pay. If the underwriters’ over-allotment option in this offering is exercised in full, we estimate that our net proceeds will be approximately $853.7 million.  A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $24.00 per share would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by $31.2 million, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option and assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and offering expenses payable by us.

We currently intend to use the net proceeds:

 

   

to repay $350.0 million of our intercompany indebtedness owed to EMC;

 

   

to purchase from EMC our new headquarters facilities for an amount equal to the cost expended by EMC to date in constructing the facilities, which totaled approximately $127.0 million, which purchase will be effected through the transfer of the equity interests of the EMC entity which holds the rights to the facilities; and

 

   

for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including to finance our growth, develop new products and fund capital expenditures and potential acquisitions.

The intercompany indebtedness was incurred in April 2007 to fund an $800 million dividend paid to EMC in the form of a note. The note matures in April 2012 and bears an interest rate of the 90-day LIBOR plus 55 basis points (5.91% as of June 30, 2007), with interest payable quarterly in arrears commencing June 30, 2007.  The note may be repaid, without penalty, at any time commencing July 2007. The dividend was declared to allow EMC to realize the increased value of its investment in us from the time of our acquisition by EMC. The amount of the dividend and the terms of the note were determined by considering our then-existing cash position, our historic and future ability to generate cash flows from operations and the likelihood that we would be able to pay the note pursuant to its terms while still having sufficient cash to meet our operating needs. We currently do not anticipate declaring cash dividends in the future. We have chosen to use a portion of the proceeds from this offering to repay $350.0 million of our intercompany indebtedness owed to EMC because our expected cash position following the offering will allow us to pay down a portion of the note without incurring interest while still having sufficient cash to meet our anticipated operating needs. The purchase price of our headquarters facilities was determined as a means to compensate EMC for costs it expended on our behalf in the construction of the facilities.

We may pursue the acquisition of companies with complementary products and technologies that we believe will enhance our suite of offerings. In April 2007, we entered into an agreement to acquire all of the capital stock of a privately-held offshore software development company for aggregate cash consideration of less than $10 million. Other than this agreement, we do not have agreements or commitments for any specific acquisitions at this time. Pending the use of proceeds from this offering, we intend to invest the proceeds in a variety of capital preservation investments, generally government securities and cash.

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We currently do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to the consent of the holders of our Class B common stock pursuant to our certificate of incorporation. Holders of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock will share equally on a per share basis in any dividend declared on our common stock by our board of directors. See “Description of Capital Stock—Common Stock—Dividend Rights.”

 

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our capitalization as of March 31, 2007:

 

   

on an actual basis;

 

   

on a pro forma basis to give effect to our pending issuance and sale of 9,500,000 shares of Class A common stock to Intel Capital for proceeds of $218.5 million. Pursuant to the terms of our investor rights agreement with Intel, in the event the Company does not complete an underwritten public offering on or before December 31, 2007 with an aggregate price to the public of at least $250.0 million, Intel may require the Company to repurchase the Class A common stock that it holds. The pro forma data gives effect to the adjustment as redeemable common stock due to this repurchase feature; and

 

   

on a pro forma as adjusted basis to give effect to (i) our issuance and sale of 9,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock to Intel Capital for proceeds of $218.5 million, (ii) the reclassification of the capital proceeds of $218.5 million from the Intel sale from redeemable common stock to permanent equity since the redemption feature described above lapses upon completion of this offering, (iii) our issuance and sale of 33,000,000 shares of Class A common stock in this offering at a public offering price of $24.00 per share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), (iv) the repayment of $350.0 million of principal amount on the $800.0 million note we incurred to fund a dividend to EMC, (v) the purchase from EMC of our new headquarter facilities for an amount equal to the cost expended by EMC to date in constructing the facilities, which totaled approximately $127.0 million as of June 30, 2007, and (vi) the deduction of estimated underwriting discounts and offering expenses payable by us. See “Use of Proceeds.”

This table contains unaudited information and should be read in conjunction with “Selected Consolidated Financial Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes that appear elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

     As of March 31, 2007  
     Actual     Pro Forma     Pro Forma
As Adjusted
 
     (in thousands)        

Cash

     $258,468     $ 476,968     $ 741,408  
                        

Long-term debt:

      

Total debt

   $ 800,000     $ 800,000     $ 450,000  
                        

Redeemable common stock

     —         218,500       —    
                        

Equity:

      

Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, no shares outstanding actual, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted

     —         —         —    

Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 2,500,000,000 shares authorized and 32,500,000 shares outstanding, actual and 2,500,000,000 shares authorized, 32,500,000 shares outstanding, pro forma and 2,500,000,000 shares authorized, 75,000,000 shares outstanding pro forma as adjusted

     325       325       750  

Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized and 300,000,000 shares outstanding, actual, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted

     3,000       3,000       3,000  

Additional paid-in-capital

     6,239       6,239       965,754  

Accumulated deficit

     (193,057 )     (193,057 )     (193,057 )
                        

Total equity (deficit)

     (183,493 )     (183,493 )     776,447  
                        

Total capitalization

   $ 616,507     $ 835,007     $ 1,226,447  
                        

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $24.00 per share would increase (decrease) by $31.2 million, each of cash, additional paid-in capital, total equity and total capitalization, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and offering expenses payable by us.

 

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DILUTION

If you invest in our Class A common stock, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of our Class A common stock and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after the completion of this offering.

Net tangible book value per share represents the amount of total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of common shares then outstanding. Our net tangible book value as of March 31, 2007 was approximately ($781.2) million for a net tangible book value per common share of ($2.35). After giving effect to the sale of 9.5 million shares of our Class A common stock to Intel for $23.00 per share, our pro forma net tangible book value would have been ($562.7) million, or ($1.65) per common share. After giving effect to our sale of shares of our Class A common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $24.00 per share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), the repayment of $350.0 million of principal amount on the $800.0 million note we incurred to fund a dividend to EMC, the purchase from EMC of our new headquarter facilities for an amount equal to the cost expended by EMC to date in constructing the facilities, which totaled $127.0 million as of June 30, 2007, and deducting estimated underwriting discounts and offering expenses, our pro forma net tangible book value would have been $178.7 million, or $0.48 per common share (assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option). This represents an immediate increase in the net tangible book value of $2.13 per share and an immediate and substantial dilution of $23.52 per share to new investors purchasing shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. The following table illustrates this dilution per share:

 

Assumed midpoint of offering per share

     $ 24.00

Net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2007

   ($2.35 )  

Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to the Intel Investment

   $0.70    
        

Pro forma net tangible book value per share before this offering

   ($1.65 )  

Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering

   $2.13    
        

Net tangible book value per share after giving effect to this offering

     $ 0.48
        

Dilution per share to new investors

     $ 23.52
        

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $24.00 per share would increase (decrease) the increase in net tangible book value attributable this offering by $0.08 per share, the pro forma net tangible book value after giving effect to this offering by $0.08 per share and the dilution to new investors in this offering by $0.92 per share, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and offering expenses payable by us.

The foregoing discussion and tables assume no exercise of any stock options or issuance of restricted shares that will be outstanding immediately following this offering. As of July 2, 2007, there were options outstanding to purchase 35,799,411 shares of our Class A common stock with an exercise price per share of $23.00 and 452,676 shares of our Class A common stock deliverable upon the vesting of restricted stock units. In addition, we expect to grant options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and restricted shares of our Class A common stock pursuant to the exchange offer. The precise number of options or shares of restricted stock to be issued pursuant to the exchange offer will not be known until the pricing of this offering. To the extent that any of these options are exercised, there may be further dilution to investors in this offering. Based on the assumptions set forth in “The Offering,” options for 9.2 million shares of Class A common stock will be issuable with a weighted average strike price of $15.72 and 4.4 million additional shares of VMware restricted stock would be issued pursuant to the Exchange Offer.

 

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The following table sets forth, as of March 31, 2007, on the pro forma basis as described above, the difference between the number of shares of common stock purchased from us and the total consideration paid by our existing stockholder, EMC, by Intel in its pending investment of $218.5 million for 9.5 million shares of our Class A common stock and by the new investors in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $24.00 per share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) and prior to deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and offering expenses.

 

     Shares Purchased     Total Consideration
     (in millions)                 
     Number    Percentage     Amount    Percentage     Avg. Price
Per Share
                ($ in millions)           

EMC

   332.50    88.7 %   $ 613.1    37.8 %   $ 1.84

Intel

   9.50    2.5       218.5    13.5       23.00

New investors

   33.00    8.8       792.0    48.8       24.00
                          

Total

   375.00    100.0 %   $ 1,623.6    100.0 %  
                          

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $24.00 per share would increase (decrease) the total consideration paid by new investors by $33 million, or increase (decrease) the percent of total consideration paid by new investors by approximately 1%, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same.

If the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full, the following will occur:

 

   

the percentage of shares of our common stock held by EMC will decrease to approximately 87.5% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding; and

 

   

the number of shares of our common stock held by new investors in this offering will be increased to approximately 38.0 million shares, or approximately 10% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding.

 

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected consolidated financial data should be read together with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The data for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 and the period from January 9, 2004 to December 31, 2004 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The data for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have prepared the unaudited consolidated financial statements on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, the statements reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the financial information set forth in these statements. On January 8, 2004, all of our capital stock was purchased by EMC. The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase; accordingly, our assets and liabilities were adjusted to their fair market values. Prior to the acquisition by EMC, our fiscal year ended on January 31. In connection with the acquisition, our fiscal year end was changed to December 31 to conform to EMC’s year end. The data for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2003 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of our predecessor, which are not included in this prospectus. The data for the period from February 1, 2003 to January 8, 2004 was derived from the unaudited consolidated financial statements of our predecessor, which are not included in this prospectus. As a result of our acquisition by EMC and the resulting change in basis, the results of operations and financial position of our predecessor are not comparable with our results of operations and financial position following our acquisition by EMC.

Our consolidated financial statements include allocations of certain corporate functions provided to us by EMC, including general corporate expenses. These allocations were made based on estimates of effort or resources incurred on our behalf and which are considered reasonable by management. Additionally, certain other costs incurred by EMC for our direct benefit, such as rent, salaries and benefits have been included in our financial statements.

The financial statements included in this prospectus may not necessarily reflect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows as if we had operated as a stand-alone company during all periods presented. Accordingly, our historical results should not be relied upon as an indicator of our future performance.

 

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Successor Company

    Predecessor Company  
     Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Years Ended
December 31,
   

Period from

January 9,
2004 to
December 31,
2004

   

Period
from

February 1,
2003 to

January 8,
2004

    Year
Ended
January 31,
2003
 
     2007                2006     2006(1)     2005        
    

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

   

(in thousands)

 

Summary of Operations:

                   

Revenues:

                   

License(2)

  $ 169,557   $ 90,300     $ 491,902     $ 287,006     $ 178,873     $ 61,980     $ 31,216  

Services(2)

    89,138     38,777       212,002       100,068       39,883       12,220       —    
                                                       

Total revenues

    258,695     129,077       703,904       387,074       218,756       74,200       31,216  
 

Costs of revenues:

                   

Cost of license revenues(2)(3)

    20,556     12,405       59,202       40,340       32,811       3,449       5,596  

Cost of services revenues(2)(3)

    23,468     9,599       64,180       24,852       12,625       4,770       —    
                                                       
      44,024     22,004       123,382       65,192       45,436       8,219       5,596  
                                                       

Gross profit

    214,671     107,073       580,522       321,882       173,320       65,981       25,620  
 

Operating expenses:

                   

Research and
development
(3)

    54,958     22,335       148,254       72,561       43,900       25,382       15,788  

Sales and marketing(3)

    86,707     42,566       238,327       124,964       59,976       23,028       12,457  

General and administrative(3)

    26,624     11,847       69,602       30,762       19,037       11,539       4,168  

In-process research and development

    —       —         3,700       —         15,200       —         —    
                                                       

Operating income (loss)

    46,382     30,325       120,639       93,595       35,207       6,032       (6,793 )

Investment income

    2,977     340       3,271       3,077       53       463       554  

Other income (expense), net

    59     (348 )     (1,363 )     (1,332 )     (110 )         (27 )     —    
                                                       

Income (loss) before taxes

    49,418     30,317       122,547       95,340       35,150       6,468       (6,239 )

Income tax provision(4)

    8,338     9,981       36,832       28,565       18,369       1,848       145  
                                                       

Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

    41,080     20,336       85,715       66,775       16,781       4,620       (6,384 )

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle (net of tax)

    —       175       175       —         —         —         —    
                                                       

Net income (loss)

  $ 41,080   $ 20,511     $ 85,890     $ 66,775     $ 16,781     $ 4,620     $ (6,384 )
                                                       

Net income per weighted average share, basic and diluted for Class A and Class B

  $ 0.12   $ 0.06     $ 0.26     $ 0.20     $ 0.05       N/A       N/A  

Weighted average shares, basic and diluted for Class A and Class B

    332,500     332,500       332,500       332,500       332,500       N/A       N/A  

Pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share for Class A and Class B (5)

  $ 0.11     $ 0.24                

Pro forma weighted average shares, basic and diluted for Class A and Class B

    363,366       363,366                

 

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     Successor Company          Predecessor Company  
    

March 31,

2007

    December 31,         

    January 8,    

2004

        January 31,    
2003
 
       2006     2005     2004           
    

(in thousands)

         (in thousands)  

Balance Sheet Data:

              

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 258,468     $ 176,134     $ 38,653     $ 36,059        $ 49,883     $ 13,686  

Working capital (deficiency)

    3,448       (55,318 )     (134,198 )     (29,166 )        12,189       6,566  

Total assets

    1,244,317       1,145,950       799,803       697,675          82,015       39,559  

Total stockholder’s equity
(deficit)
(6)

    (183,493 )     (230,812 )     453,829       560,282          (27,455 )     (35,566 )

(1)   In 2006, VMware acquired all of the outstanding shares of Akimbi Systems, Inc. See Note B to the consolidated financial statements.

 

(2)   The Company did not separate its revenues or cost of revenues between license and services for the year ended January 31, 2003. For purposes of this presentation, the total revenues and total cost of revenues for such period have been presented license revenues and cost of license revenues, respectively.

 

(3)   Includes stock-based compensation, acquisition-related intangible amortization and capitalized software development costs amortization, and excludes capitalized software development costs, as indicated in the table below.

 

 

   

Successor Company

    Predecessor Company
   

Three Months

Ended March 31,

    Year Ended
December 31,
   

Period from
January 9,
2004 to
December 31,
2004

   

Period from February 1,
2003 to January 8, 2004

 

Year Ended

January 31, 2003

    2007     2006    

2006

    

2005

       

Cost of license revenues

              

Stock-based compensation

  $ 36     $ 14     $ 99      $ —       $ —       $   —     $   —  

Acquisition-related intangible amortization

    5,215       5,387       21,840        23,357       25,487       —       —  

Capitalized software development costs amortization

    7,987       2,769       22,299        6,159       1,317       —       —  

Cost of services revenues

               —       —  

Stock-based compensation

    494       395       2,384        1,299       1,061       —       —  

Research and development

              

Stock-based compensation not capitalized

    6,392       2,225       26,342        14,656       10,292       —       —  

Total capitalized software development costs

    (7,599 )     (17,671 )     (43,012 )      (25,103 )     (8,155 )     —       —  

Stock-based compensation included in total capitalized software development costs above

    927       5,329       10,489        3,545       —         —       —  

Sales and marketing

              

Stock-based compensation

    2,944       1,840       12,020        5,341       4,672       —       —  

Acquisition-related intangible amortization

    577       544       2,188        1,785       —         —       —  

General and administrative

              

Stock-based compensation

    1,778       1,995       10,381        5,775       3,518       —       —  

Acquisition-related intangible amortization

    493       374       1,494        1,000       773       —       —  

 

(4)   The income tax effect of stock-based compensation, acquisition-related intangible amortization, capitalized software development costs and amortization of capitalized software development costs was $5,144, $(167), $18,042, $9,567, $9,083, $— and $— for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, the period from January 9, 2004 to December 31, 2004, the period from February 1, 2003 to January 8, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

 

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(5)   Unaudited pro forma per share data gives effect, in the weighted average shares used in the calculation, to the additional 30.9 million shares, which, when multiplied by the assumed offering price of $24.00 per share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), and after giving effect to a pro rata allocation of offering costs, would have been required to be issued to generate proceeds sufficient to pay the portion of the $800,000 dividend declared in April 2007 (see Note M to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus) that exceeded the most recent twelve month’s net earnings.

 

 

(6)   The stockholders’ equity (deficit) as of March 31, 2007, gives retroactive effect to the $800,000 dividend paid to EMC in the form of a note in April 2007. See Note M to the financial statements.

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which appear elsewhere in this prospectus. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” and the risk factors set forth under “Risk Factors.”

All dollar amounts (except per share amounts) in this MD&A are in millions.

Certain tables may not add due to rounding.

Overview

Our primary source of revenue is the licensing of virtualization software and related support and services through a variety of distribution channels for use by businesses and organizations of all sizes and across numerous industries in their information technology infrastructure. Our virtualization solutions run on industry-standard desktops and servers and support a wide range of operating system and application environments, as well as networking and storage infrastructure. We have developed a multi-channel distribution model to expand our presence and reach various segments of the market. We derived over 75% of our revenues from our channel partners which include distributors, resellers, x86 systems vendors and system integrators. We have also developed a network of over 4,000 indirect channel partners who fulfill orders through our direct channel partners. A majority of our revenue results from contracts that include both perpetual software licenses and ongoing software maintenance contracts. License revenue is recognized when the elements of revenue recognition are complete. Maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance period, and includes renewals of maintenance sold after the initial maintenance period expires. We also recognize revenue from professional services provided to our customers.

We have achieved significant revenue growth to date and are focused on extending our growth by broadening our product portfolio, enabling choice for customers and driving standards, expanding our network of technology and distribution partners, increasing market awareness and driving the adoption of virtualization. In addition to selling to new customers, we are also focused on expanding the use of our products within our existing customer base, as much of our license revenue is based on a per desktop or per server arrangement. We believe it is important that as we grow our sales, we continue to invest in our corporate infrastructure, including customer support, information technology and general and administrative functions. We expect our spending in research and development to increase as we add computer scientists, software engineers, and employees involved in product development and maintenance and continue to enable choice for customers and drive standards. We believe that equity incentives tied directly to the performance of VMware will help us compete for top-level engineering and other talent. We also intend to continue to invest in hardware, networking and software tools to increase the efficiency of our research and development efforts.

Our current financial focus is on sustaining our growth in revenue to generate cash flow to expand our market segment share and our virtualization solutions. Although we are currently the leading provider of virtualization solutions, we believe the use of virtualization solutions is at very early stages by customers. We expect to face competitive threats to our leadership from a number of companies, some of whom may have significantly greater resources than we do. As a result, we believe it is important to continue to invest in our research and product development, sales and marketing and the support function to maintain or expand our leadership in the virtualization solutions market. This investment could result in contracting operating margins as we invest in our future. We believe that we will be able to continue to fund our product development through operating cash flows as we continue to sell our existing products and services. We believe this is the right priority for the long-term health of our business.

In evaluating our results, we focus on operating margin and, to a lesser extent, gross margin. A significant portion of our service revenue is recognized in periods of up to five years subsequent to the initial contract, whereas most of our license revenue is recognized within the first quarter of contract signing. As a result,

 

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variability in gross margin can result from differences in when we price our service and when the cost is incurred. Substantially all of our revenue is for contracts in U.S. dollars to international channel partners. A portion of our operating expenses classified as cost of sales is in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. This difference may cause variability in gross margins and operating margins due to fluctuations in the U.S. dollar compared to other currencies. As a result, we focus our attention on operating margin because it encompasses the entire cost structure supporting our operations. We are not currently focused on short-term operating margin expansion, but rather on investing at appropriate rates to support our growth and future product offerings in what may be a substantially more competitive environment.

As a wholly owned subsidiary of EMC, we have relied on it to provide a number of administrative support services and facilities in other countries. Although we will continue to operate under an administrative services agreement and continue to receive support from EMC, our administrative costs may increase. We also are investing in expanding our own administrative functions, including our finance and legal functions, which may be at a higher cost than the comparable services currently provided by EMC. We also will incur additional costs as a public company, including audit, investor relations, stock administration and regulatory compliance costs.

EMC’s Acquisition of VMware

On January 9, 2004, EMC acquired all of our outstanding capital stock. The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities were adjusted to their fair market value. For financial statement purposes, the allocation of the purchase price paid by EMC for us has been reflected in our stand-alone financial statements. This allocation includes the goodwill and related intangible assets recognized by EMC from the acquisition of us. See Note A to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We are currently a wholly owned subsidiary of EMC. The results of operations discussed in this analysis for 2004 are for the period from the date of acquisition by EMC, January 9, 2004, to December 31, 2004.

The financial statements include expense allocations for certain corporate functions provided to us by EMC, including accounting, treasury, tax, legal and human resources. These allocations were based on estimates of the level of effort or resources incurred on our behalf and which are considered reasonable by management. The total costs allocated from EMC were $2.3 and $1.3 for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and $5.1 in 2006, $5.3 in 2005 and $4.5 in 2004. Additionally, certain other costs incurred by EMC for our direct benefit, such as rent, salaries and benefits have been included as expenses in our financial statements. The total of these other costs were $20.2 and $10.5 for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and $63.7 in 2006, $27.1 in 2005 and $7.3 in 2004. Additionally, as part of our tax sharing arrangement, we paid EMC income taxes of $63.1 and $6.6 in 2006 and 2005, respectively. We also earned interest income on our intercompany balance from EMC in the amount of $1.3, $0.8, and $2.6 for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, we incurred interest expense on our intercompany balance to EMC in the amount of $0.1.

The financial statements included herein may not necessarily reflect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows as if we had operated as a stand-alone company during all periods presented. Accordingly, our historical results should not be relied upon as an indicator of our future performance.

Equity-based Compensation

Since our acquisition by EMC, we have historically not issued equity-based compensation in VMware stock to our employees. Our employees received equity-based compensation in the form of EMC stock options and restricted shares. In connection with the initial public offering of our Class A common stock, we are conducting a voluntary exchange offer pursuant to which we are offering our eligible employees the ability to exchange their existing EMC options and restricted stock awards for options to purchase our Class A common stock and restricted stock awards of our Class A common stock, respectively, at an exchange ratio based upon EMC’s two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of this offering. As of June 30, 2007, the maximum number of shares of EMC stock underlying options which could be tendered for exchange was approximately 12.3 million. Additionally, as of June 30, 2007, there were approximately 5.8 million outstanding

 

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shares of EMC restricted stock held by eligible employees which could be tendered for exchange. Assuming all the options and shares are exchanged, assuming the initial public offering price is $24.00 per share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus) and assuming EMC’s two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of the initial public offering of Class A common stock is $18.00 per share (which is representative of recent trading prices of EMC stock), there will be approximately 9.2 million options issued in the exchange with a weighted average exercise price of $15.72 for VMware stock and 4.4 million shares of VMware restricted stock. Assuming the exchange is consummated in the third quarter of 2007, we estimate that the unamortized fair value of the exchanged awards will be approximately $103.6, which will be recognized over their vesting periods, resulting in equity-based compensation expense of approximately $24.3, $46.8, $20.5, $9.7, $2.2 and $0.1 in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. This will result in incremental equity-based compensation expense of approximately $7.7 over the remaining vesting periods. The ultimate amount of expense will be determined based upon the actual number of exchanged equity instruments, the actual IPO price and EMC’s actual two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of this offering. Additionally, the annual expense is subject to the amount of equity-based compensation that may be capitalized. In addition, through July 2, 2007, VMware has granted approximately 35.7 million options to purchase shares of its Class A common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $23.00 and approximately 453,000 restricted shares of Class A common stock. The fair value of these awards is approximately $260.5, which will be recognized over the awards’ vesting periods, resulting in equity-based compensation expense of approximately $39.7, $69.0, $65.5, $60.7 and $25.6, in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. The annual expense is subject to the amount of equity-based compensation that may be capitalized.

Income Statement Presentation

Sources of Revenue

License revenues.    Our license revenues consist of revenues earned from the licensing of our software products. Our licenses are generally sold on a perpetual basis and are generally priced based upon the number of physical desktops or server processors on which our software runs. From inception through early 2004, we licensed certain of our products and provided updates at no additional cost. Because we had not established vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, of the fair value of the updates, we recognized the entire contract value ratably over the contract period. Commencing in early 2004, we offered customers the right to buy updates on a stand-alone basis, thereby establishing VSOE of fair value of the updates. As a result, we recognized the license portion of the contract at the inception of the license agreement and recognized the value of the maintenance portion of the contract over the maintenance period.

Services revenues.    Our services revenues consist of software maintenance and professional services. Maintenance revenues are recognized ratably over the contract period. Typically, our contract periods range from one to five years. Customers receive various types of product support based on the level of support purchased. Maintenance also affords customers the right to receive future product upgrades, if and when they become available.

Professional services include design, implementation and training. Professional services are not considered essential to the functionality of our products, as these services do not alter the product capabilities and may be performed by our customers or other vendors. Professional services engagements that have durations of ninety days or less are recognized in revenue upon completion of the engagement. Professional services engagements of more than ninety days for which we are able to make reasonably dependable estimates of progress toward completion are recognized on a proportional performance basis based upon the hours incurred. Revenue on all other engagements is recognized upon completion.

Costs of Revenue and Operating Expenses

Cost of license revenues.    Our cost of license revenues principally consist of the cost of fulfillment of our software. This cost includes product packaging and personnel and related overhead associated with the physical and electronic delivery of our software products. The cost also includes amortization of capitalized software development costs.

 

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Cost of services revenues.    Our cost of services revenues includes the costs of the personnel and related overhead to deliver technical support on our products, as well as to provide our professional services.

Research and development expenses.    Our research and development, or R&D, expenses include the personnel and related overhead associated with the development of new product offerings and the enhancement of our existing software offerings.

Sales and marketing costs.    Our sales and marketing costs include the costs of the personnel and related overhead associated with the sale and marketing of our license and service offerings, as well as the cost of certain specific marketing initiatives, including our annual VMworld conference.

General and administrative expenses.    Our general and administrative expenses include the personnel and related overhead costs of supporting the overall business. These costs include the costs associated with our finance, facilities, human resources, IT infrastructure and legal departments.

Results of Annual Operations

Our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 and the period from January 9, 2004 to December 31, 2004 are as follows:

 

     2006     2005     2004  

Revenues:

              

License

   $ 491.9    69.9 %   $ 287.0    74.1 %   $ 178.9     81.8 %

Services

     212.0    30.1       100.1    25.9       39.9     18.2  
                                        
     703.9    100.0       387.1    100.0       218.8     100.0  

Cost of revenues:

              

Cost of license revenues

     59.2    8.4       40.3    10.4       32.8     15.0  

Cost of services revenues

     64.2    9.1       24.9    6.4       12.6     5.8  
                                        
     123.4    17.5       65.2    16.8       45.4     20.8  
                                        

Gross profit

     580.5    82.5       321.9    83.2       173.3     79.2  

Operating expenses:

              

Research and development

     148.3    21.1       72.6    18.7       43.9     20.1  

Sales and marketing

     238.3    33.9       125.0    32.3       60.0     27.4  

General and administrative

     69.6    9.9       30.8    7.9       19.0     8.7  

In-process research and development

     3.7    0.5       —      —         15.2     6.9  
                                        

Operating income

     120.6    17.1       93.6    24.2       35.2     16.1  

Investment income and other expenses, net

     1.9    0.3       1.7    0.5       (0.1 )   —    
                                        

Income before income taxes

     122.5    17.4       95.3    24.6       35.2     16.1  

Provision for income taxes

     36.8    5.2       28.6    7.4       18.4     8.4  

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     0.2    —         —      —         —       —    
                                        

Net income

   $ 85.9    12.2 %   $ 66.8    17.3 %   $ 16.8     7.7 %
                                        

Note: Certain columns may not add due to rounding.

Revenues

Total revenues increased by $316.8, or 82%, in 2006 to $703.9. License revenues grew by $204.9 and services revenues grew by $111.9 year-over-year. In 2005, total revenues increased by $168.3, or 77%, to $387.1. The growth in 2005 reflected an increase of $108.1 in license revenue and an increase of $60.2 of

 

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services revenue. We market and sell our products largely through a network of channel partners, which includes distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors and systems integrators. One distributor accounted for 29%, 30% and 27% of revenues in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. International revenue as a percentage of total revenue has been relatively constant, representing 44% in 2006, 46% in 2005 and 45% in 2004. Our revenue contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars with international customers.

License Revenues.    Software license revenues were $491.9 in 2006, $287.0 in 2005 and $178.9 in 2004, representing year-over-year increases of 71% in 2006 and 60% in 2005. We sell our products through a network of channel partners, which includes distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors and systems integrators. More than 70% of our orders for each of the three years presented occurred through our 15 largest direct channel partners, including one distributor which represented 29%, 30% and 27% of our revenue in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. As we expand geographically, we may add additional direct channel partners; however, a significant majority of the increase in license revenues in 2005 and 2006 resulted from increased sales volumes through our existing direct channel partners. These increases were driven by several factors, including greater demand for our virtualization product offerings attributable to wider market acceptance of virtualization as part of an organization’s IT infrastructure, a broadened product portfolio and expansion of our indirect channel partner network.

We have over 4,000 indirect channel partners as of December 31, 2006, an increase of over 1,500 from December 31, 2005. Over 1,000 new indirect channel partners were added during 2005. These indirect channel partners obtain software licenses and services from our distributors and x86 system vendors and market and sell them to end-user customers. In addition, we have a direct sales force that complements these efforts. Our sales force works with our channel partners to introduce them to customers and new sales opportunities. Our channel partners also introduce our sales force to their customers.

We also experienced an increase in the number of orders greater than $50,000 in 2006 and 2005, compared to the respective prior years. Orders from our distributors and end-user customers which were greater than $50,000 were approximately 30%, 23% and 18% of license revenue in 2006, 2005 and 2004 respectively. The increase in the number of orders greater than $50,000 resulted from broader acceptance of virtualization solutions for organizations’ IT infrastructure and a trend toward end-user customers using our products broadly across their organizations.

Although many of the Company’s products are available individually, they are generally sold in product bundles which encompass most of the Company’s products. As we develop new products, they are typically sold as a new component to a bundle of products. Customers generally purchase the most recent bundle. Late in the second quarter of 2006, we introduced a new Enterprise product bundle which largely replaced the previous product bundle. We added three unique products to this bundle and increased the corresponding list price by 15%. This price increase was partially offset by decreasing prices on certain core platform products. In some cases, we began providing these products for free. The impact of pricing on revenue growth in 2006 compared to 2005 was less than 10% of the overall increase in revenue. The impact of pricing on revenue growth in 2005 compared to 2004 was not significant.

Partially offsetting the annual increases in license revenues was a reduction in the accretion of prior year license revenue recognized ratably over the license term. From inception through early 2004, we licensed certain of our products and provided updates at no additional cost. Because we had not established VSOE of the fair value of the updates, we recognized the entire contract value ratably over the contract period. Commencing in early 2004, we offered customers the right to buy updates on a stand-alone basis, thereby establishing VSOE of fair value of the updates. As a result, we recognized the license portion of the contract at the inception of the license agreement and recognized the value of the maintenance portion of the contract over the maintenance period. Revenue recognized ratably was $0.8, $9.9 and $27.5 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

Services Revenues.    Services revenues were $212.0 in 2006, $100.1 in 2005 and $39.9 in 2004, representing year-over-year increases of 112% in 2006 and 151% in 2005. Services revenues consist of software maintenance and professional services revenues. The increases in services revenues in 2006 and 2005 were

 

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primarily attributable to growth in our software maintenance revenues of $88.1 and $49.1 in 2006 and 2005, respectively. This growth reflects the increases in our license revenues, as well as renewals to customer contracts. Service revenues include our professional services offerings, which increased by $23.8 and $11.1 in 2006 and 2005, respectively. Software maintenance revenues increased due to both renewal sales to our existing customers and sales of maintenance contracts to our new customers. Professional services revenues increased due to growing demand for design and implementation services and training programs, as end-user organizations deployed virtualization across their organizations.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit

Our cost of revenues were $123.4, $65.2 and $45.4 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, representing year-over-year increases of 89% in 2006 and 44% in 2005. Our gross profit was $580.5, $321.9 and $173.3 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, representing year-over-year increases of 80% in 2006 and 86% in 2005. The annual increases in our cost of sales were primarily attributable to increased direct support, professional services personnel and third-party professional services costs to support the increased services revenues. We also incurred increased costs to fulfill our license sales as the volume of our license sales increased. The aggregate total increase of these costs was $43.3 and $16.2 in 2006 and 2005, respectively. Additionally, the amortization of capitalized software development costs increased by $16.1 in 2006 and $4.8 in 2005. Fluctuations in foreign currency compared to the U.S. dollar did not have a significant effect on cost of revenues and gross profit in 2006 and 2005. Our gross margins, as a percentage of revenues, were 82.5% in 2006, 83.2% in 2005 and 79.2% in 2004. The reduction in our gross margin in 2006 compared to 2005 was primarily attributable to a change in the mix of our license and services revenues due to significant renewals of existing maintenance contracts and new customers purchasing maintenance contracts. License revenues, as a percentage of total revenues, decreased from 74.1% in 2005 to 69.9% in 2006. Services revenues have a lower gross margin than our license revenues. For the remainder of 2007, we expect that our services revenues will continue to increase as a percentage of our total revenues, thereby negatively impacting our gross margins. The increase in our gross margin in 2005 compared to 2004 was primarily attributable to acquisition-related intangible amortization expense decreasing from 11.7% of revenues in 2004 to 6.0% in 2005. Acquisition-related intangible amortization expense resulted primarily from EMC’s acquisition of us, which has been reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Partially offsetting this improvement was a change in our sales mix in which license revenues, as a percentage of total revenues, decreased from 81.8% in 2004 to 74.1% in 2005. In future periods, our cost of revenues and gross profit will be adversely affected as a result of the exchange offer and the issuance of additional equity grants. The actual impact is subject to a number of factors, including the number of equity instruments exchanged in the exchange offer, the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock and EMC’s two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of this offering. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Equity-based Compensation.”

Research and Development Expenses

Our R&D expenses were $148.3, $72.6 and $43.9 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, representing year-over-year increases of 104% in 2006 and 65% in 2005. The increase in R&D expenses in both 2006 and 2005 consisted primarily of increased salaries and benefits of $45.5 and $22.8 in 2006 and 2005, respectively, resulting from additional resources to support new product development. The cost of supplies expensed and the depreciation from equipment capitalized increased by $8.9 and $4.2 in 2006 and 2005, respectively. Equity-based compensation associated with higher levels of equity grants increased by $8.1 in 2006 and $7.9 in 2005. Partially offsetting these annual increases in R&D expense were higher levels of software capitalization, which increased by $17.9 in 2006 and $16.9 in 2005. As a percentage of revenues, R&D expenses were 21.1%, 18.7% and 20.1% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase in R&D expenses, as a percentage of revenues, in 2006 compared to 2005 was primarily attributable to incremental headcount to support the growth of our business. The decrease in R&D expense, as a percentage of revenues, in 2005 compared to 2004 was primarily attributable to the increased level of software capitalization in 2005. In 2005, we reached technological feasibility on our current VMware Infrastructure server product. In future periods, our research and development expenses will be adversely affected as a result of the exchange offer and the issuance of additional equity grants. The actual impact is subject to a number of factors, including the number of equity instruments exchanged in the exchange offer, the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock and EMC’s two-day weighted average

 

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trading price prior to the consummation of this offering. Additionally, the amount of equity-based compensation that may be capitalized will also affect the future expense. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Equity-based Compensation.”

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Our sales and marketing expenses were $238.3, $125.0 and $60.0 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, representing year-over-year increases of 91% in 2006 and 108% in 2005. The increase in sales and marketing expenses was the result of higher salaries and benefits, resulting from additional headcount in both sales and marketing personnel, and higher commission expense resulting from increased sales volume. Salaries, benefits and commission expense increased by $51.3 and $30.1 in 2006 and 2005, respectively. In certain international countries, EMC hires employees who work on our behalf. The costs incurred by EMC on our behalf, which principally relates to employees dedicated to our marketing effort, increased by $20.8 and $17.3 in 2006 and 2005, respectively. An increase in our marketing programs and travel of $20.7 and $5.9 in 2006 and 2005, respectively, also contributed to the growth in sales and marketing expenses. Equity-based compensation, associated with higher levels of equity grants, increased sales and marketing expense by $6.7 in 2006 and $0.7 in 2005. As a percentage of revenues, sales and marketing expenses were 33.9%, 32.3% and 27.4% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The annual increases in sales and marketing expenses, as a percentage of revenues, were primarily attributable to incremental salaries, benefits, commissions and equity-based compensation. In future periods, our sales and marketing expenses will be adversely affected as a result of the exchange offer and the issuance of additional equity grants. The actual impact is subject to a number of factors, including the number of equity instruments exchanged in the exchange offer, the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock and EMC’s two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of this offering. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Equity-based Compensation.”

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses were $69.6, $30.8 and $19.0 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, representing year-over-year increases of 126% in 2006 and 62% in 2005. Increases in general and administrative expenses in both 2006 and 2005 were due to additional salaries and benefits, primarily for new headcount, of $9.5 and $5.9 in 2006 and 2005, respectively, related increases in equity-based compensation of $4.6 and $2.3 in 2006 and 2005, respectively, and increased recruiting costs to obtain the additional employees of $1.7 and $0.6 in 2006 and 2005, respectively. The increase in headcount drove related incremental costs such as travel, equipment, facilities, and depreciation of $11.7 and $1.8 in 2006 and 2005, respectively. Other administrative costs, such as legal, audit and tax increased by $1.1 in 2006. Partially offsetting these cost increases was a reimbursement of $3.3 of legal fees received in 2005 incurred in previous years. As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses were 9.9%, 7.9% and 8.7% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase in general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of revenues, in 2006 compared to 2005, was primarily attributable to incremental headcount to support the growth of our business. In future periods, our general and administrative expenses will be adversely affected as a result of the exchange offer and the issuance of additional equity grants. The actual impact is subject to a number of factors, including the number of equity instruments exchanged in the exchange offer, the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock and EMC’s two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of this offering. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Equity-based Compensation.”

In-Process Research and Development Expenses

IPR&D was $3.7, $0.0 and $15.2 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The IPR&D charge in 2006 was attributable to our acquisition of Akimbi. The IPR&D charge in 2004 related to EMC’s acquisition of VMware.

Operating Income

Operating income was $120.6, $93.6 and $35.2 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, representing a year-over-year increase of 29% in 2006 and 166% in 2005. The increase in operating income in 2006 was

 

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primarily the result of the increase in revenue, partially offset by the increases in operating expenses discussed in the individual expense line items above. As a percentage of revenue, operating income declined to 17.1% in 2006 from 24.2% in 2005. Most of the decrease in operating income as a percentage of revenue was a result of increased salaries and benefits as we expanded our research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative spending to support our revenue growth and to expand future product offerings in what may be a substantially more competitive environment.

Operating income as a percentage of revenue in 2005 improved to 24.2% from 16.1% in 2004. Most of the increase was due to amortization of intangible assets remaining flat on a dollar basis year-over-year and a charge of $15.2 in 2004 related to IPR&D. Intangible asset amortization and IPR&D represented 19% of revenue in 2004 compared to 6.8% in 2005.

A portion of our costs of revenues, primarily the costs of personnel to deliver technical support on our products, and a portion of our operating expense primarily related to sales, sales support and research and development, are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the British pound, the Euro, the Japanese yen, the Indian rupee, the Australian dollar and the Canadian dollar. These costs and the resulting effect on operating income are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. As a result of fluctuations in foreign currency values compared to the U.S. dollar, operating income decreased $2.8 in 2006. The effect in 2005 was not significant. In future periods operating income will be adversely affected as a result of the exchange offer and the issuance of additional equity grants. The actual impact is subject to a number of factors, including the number of equity instruments exchanged in the exchange offer, the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock and EMC’s two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of this offering. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Equity-based Compensation.”

Investment Income

Investment income was $3.3, $3.1 and $0.1 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Investment income consists primarily of interest earned on cash and cash equivalent balances and on amounts due to us from EMC on our intercompany balance. Investment income increased in 2005 compared to 2004 due to higher outstanding cash and cash equivalent balances and amounts owed to us by EMC on our intercompany balances.

Other Expense, Net

Other expense, net was $1.4, $1.3 and $0.1 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase in other expense, net in 2005 compared to 2004 resulted primarily from increased interest expense on balances owed by us to EMC.

Provision for Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rate was 30.1%, 30.0% and 52.3% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. For 2006 and 2005, the effective tax rate varied from the statutory rate primarily as a result of the mix of income attributable to foreign versus domestic jurisdictions. Our aggregate income tax rate in foreign jurisdictions is lower than our income tax rate in the United States. Additionally, we generated tax credits that reduced our effective tax rate by 4.9 percentage points and 3.9 percentage points in 2006 and 2005, respectively. Partially offsetting this benefit in 2006 and 2005 were non-deductible permanent differences. In 2004, the effective tax rate varied substantially from the statutory rate primarily as a result of non-deductible permanent differences, primarily IPR&D charges in connection with our acquisition by EMC. Partially offsetting this expense was the benefit of our mix of income attributable to foreign versus domestic jurisdictions. Additionally, we generated tax credits that reduced our effective tax rate by 8.0 percentage points in 2004.

 

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Selected Quarterly Operating Results

 

   

For the quarter ended

(unaudited)

   

Mar 31,

2007

 

Dec 31,

2006

 

Sept 30,

2006

 

June 30,

2006

   

Mar 31,

2006

 

Dec 31,

2005

 

Sept 30,

2005

 

June 30,

2005

 

Mar 31,

2005

Revenues:

                 

License

  $ 169.6   $ 162.0   $ 126.3   $ 113.3     $ 90.3   $ 87.6   $ 71.0   $ 66.6   $ 61.8

Services

    89.1     67.6     62.5     43.1       38.8     27.6     29.4     25.0     18.1
                                                       
    258.7     229.6     188.8     156.4       129.1     115.2     100.4     91.6     79.9

Cost of revenues:

                 

Cost of license revenues

    20.6     14.5     18.5     13.8       12.4     10.8     10.4     10.1     9.0

Cost of services revenues

    23.5     22.8     19.0     12.8       9.6     7.4     6.5     5.9     5.1
                                                       
    44.0     37.3     37.5     26.6       22.0     18.2     16.9     16.0     14.1
                                                       

Gross profit

    214.7     192.3     151.3     129.8       107.1     97.0     83.5     75.6     65.8

Operating expenses:

                 

Research and development

    55.0     50.1     43.2     32.6       22.3     10.3     24.2     22.1     16.0

Sales and marketing

    86.7     80.6     61.1     54.1       42.6     39.7     33.9     28.0     23.4

General and administrative

    26.6     25.1     18.9     13.7       11.8     6.8     9.5     8.2     6.3

In-process research and development

    —       —       —       3.7       —       —       —       —       —  
                                                       

Operating income

    46.4     36.5     28.1     25.7       30.3     40.2     16.0     17.3     20.1

Investment income and other expenses, net

    3.0     1.2     1.0     (0.3 )     —       0.1     1.2     0.3     0.1
                                                       

Income before income taxes

    49.4     37.7     29.1     25.4       30.3     40.3     17.2     17.6     20.2

Provision for income taxes

    8.3     6.8     9.8     10.3       10.0     12.4     5.0     5.2     6.0

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

    —       —       —       —         0.2     —       —       —       —  
                                                       

Net income

  $ 41.1   $ 31.0   $ 19.3   $ 15.1     $ 20.5   $ 28.0   $ 12.2   $ 12.4   $ 14.2
                                                       

Note: Certain columns may not add due to rounding.

Liquidity and Financial Condition

In summary, our cash flows were:

 

     Year Ended
December 31,
   

For the Period from

January 9, 2004

to December 31,

2004

 
      2006     2005    
     (in millions)  

Net cash provided by operating activities

   $ 279.9     $ 238.2     $ 94.0  

Net cash used in investing activities

     (142.4 )     (45.7 )     (14.0 )

Net cash used in financing activities

     —         (190.0 )     (92.9 )

Cash provided by operating activities was $279.9, $238.2 and $94.0 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

In 2006, our operating cash flow reflected net income generated during the period of $87.0, adjusted for non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization expense of $66.6 and stock-based compensation of $51.2. Additionally, working capital, including short- and long-term deferred revenue, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes, generated cash flow of $67.4, primarily the result of an increase in total deferred revenue of $158.1. Our deferred revenue balance consisted of deferred license revenues of $65.4 and deferred services revenues of

 

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$241.1 at December 31, 2006, of which $242.6 was categorized as current. The increase in deferred revenue was partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $98.0 due to increased revenue and an increase in net receivables due from EMC of $48.4.

In 2005, our operating cash flow reflected net income generated during the period of $66.8, adjusted for non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization expense of $39.5 and stock-based compensation of $27.1. Working capital, including short- and long-term deferred revenue, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes, generated cash flow of $104.7, primarily the result of an increase in total deferred revenue of $79.5. Our deferred revenue balance consisted of deferred license revenues of $51.2 and deferred services revenues of $97.3 at December 31, 2005, of which $131.6 was categorized as current. Additionally, our operating cash flow was positively impacted by increased income taxes payable to EMC of $44.1 and increased net payable due to EMC of $29.3. These increases in deferred revenue and amounts owed to EMC were partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $52.0 due to increased revenue.

In 2004, our operating cash flow reflected net income generated during the period of $16.8, adjusted for non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization expense of $30.2, stock-based compensation of $19.5 and in-process research and development of $15.2. Working capital, including short- and long-term deferred revenue, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes, generated cash flow of $11.1. Our operating cash flow was negatively impacted by an increase in accounts receivable of $28.1 due to increased revenue. This increase in accounts receivable was partially offset by the positive impact of increased net payable due to EMC of $17.2 and increased income taxes payable to EMC of $10.9.

Cash used in investing activities was $142.4, $45.7 and $14.0 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Cash paid for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired, was $46.5 and $2.2 in 2006 and 2005, respectively. Capital additions were $52.6, $20.7 and $6.0 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The annual increases in capital additions were attributable to supporting the growth of the business. Capitalized software development costs on a cash basis were $32.5, $21.6 and $8.2 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase in the amount capitalized in 2005 compared to 2004 was attributable to the introduction of new and enhanced product offerings. We have entered into construction contracts aggregating approximately $162.7 for our new headquarters facilities. EMC currently reimburses us for the costs we are incurring under these contracts and will continue to do so through the date of this offering, at which time we will purchase the facilities from EMC. We believe that cash on hand and cash generated from operations will be sufficient to pay for costs remaining to complete our new headquarters facilities. Through June 30, 2007, EMC has reimbursed us approximately $127.0. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2007, we entered into an agreement to acquire all of the capital stock of a privately held software development company for aggregate cash consideration of less than $10.0.

Cash used in financing activities was $190.0 and $92.9 in 2005 and 2004, resulting from dividends we paid to EMC. We had no financing activities in 2006. In April 2007, we declared an $800.0 dividend payable to EMC in the form of a note. The note matures in April 2012 and bears an interest rate of the 90-day LIBOR plus 55 basis points (5.91% as of June 30, 2007), with interest payable quarterly in arrears commencing June 30, 2007. The note may be repaid, without penalty, at any time commencing July 2007. We intend to use a portion of the proceeds from the offering to repay a portion of the note.

Our cash and cash equivalents balance increased from $38.7 at December 31, 2005 to $176.1 at December 31, 2006. Based on our current operating and capital expenditure forecasts, we believe that the combination of funds currently available and funds to be generated from operations will be adequate to finance our ongoing operations for at least the next twelve months.

To date, inflation has not had a material impact on our financial results.

 

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Results of First Quarter Operations

Our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:

 

     Three months ended March 31,  
     2007     2006  

Revenues:

          

License

   $ 169.6    65.5 %   $ 90.3    70.0 %

Services

     89.1    34.5 %     38.8    30.0 %
                          
     258.7    100.0 %     129.1    100.0 %

Cost of revenues:

          

Cost of license revenues

     20.6    7.9 %     12.4    9.6 %

Cost of services revenues

     23.5    9.1 %     9.6    7.4 %
                          
     44.0    17.0 %     22.0    17.0 %
                          

Gross profit

     214.7    83.0 %     107.1    83.0 %

Operating expenses:

          

Research and development

     55.0    21.2 %     22.3    17.3 %

Sales and marketing

     86.7    33.5 %     42.6    33.0 %

General and administrative

     26.6    10.3 %     11.8    9.2 %

In-process research and development

     —      —         —      —    
                          

Operating income

     46.4    17.9 %     30.3    23.5 %

Investment income and other expenses, net

     3.0    1.2 %     —      —    
                          

Income before income taxes

     49.4    19.1 %     30.3    23.5 %

Provision for income taxes

     8.3    3.2 %     10.0    7.7 %

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     —      —         0.2    —    
                          

Net income

     $41.1    15.9 %     $20.5    15.9 %
                          

Note: Certain columns may not add due to rounding.

Revenues

For the first quarter, total revenues were $258.7 in 2007, which was a 100% increase over 2006 revenues of $129.1. The growth in 2007 reflected an increase of $79.3 in license revenue and an increase of $50.4 in services revenue. We market and sell our products largely through a network of channel partners, which includes distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors and systems integrators.

License Revenues. Software license revenues increased by 88% from $90.3 in the first quarter of 2006 to $169.6 in 2007. We believe a significant majority of the revenue growth in the first quarter of 2007 compared to the same period in 2006 is the result of increased sales volumes, driven largely by greater demand for our virtualization product offerings attributable to wider market acceptance of virtualization as part of organizations’ IT infrastructure, a broadened product portfolio and expansion of our network of indirect channel partners. The increase in our sales and marketing spending and the increase in our distribution channels, which grew by over 400 new partners in the first quarter, also contributed to the generation and cultivation of this additional demand.

We also experienced an increase in the number of orders greater than $50,000 in the first quarter of 2007, compared to the first quarter of 2006. Orders from our distributors and end-user customers which were greater than $50,000 were approximately 27% and 24% of revenue in the first quarters of 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increase in the number of orders greater than $50,000 is a result of broader acceptance of virtualization solutions for organizations’ IT infrastructure and a trend toward end-user customers using our products broadly

 

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across their organizations. In the second quarter of 2006, we introduced a new Enterprise product bundle which largely replaced the previous product bundle. We added three unique products to this bundle and increased the corresponding list price by 15%. This price increase was partially offset by decreasing prices on certain core platform products which were licensed for free. The impact of pricing on revenue growth in 2007 compared to 2006 was less than 10% of the overall increase in revenue.

Services Revenues. First quarter services revenues were $89.1 in 2007 and $38.8 in 2006, representing a year-over-year increase of 130%. Services revenues consist of software maintenance and professional services revenues. The increase in services revenues in 2007 was primarily attributable to growth in our software maintenance revenues of $38.7 and reflects the increase in license revenue, as well as renewals to customer contracts. Service revenue includes our professional services offerings, which increased by $11.7. Professional services revenues increased due to growing demand for design and implementation services and training programs, as end-user customers deployed virtualization across their organizations.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit

Our cost of revenues were $44.0 and $22.0 in the first quarter of 2007 and 2006, respectively, representing a year-over-year increase of 100%. Our gross profit for the first quarter was $214.7 in 2007 and $107.1 in 2006, which is an increase of 100%. The annual increase in our cost of sales was primarily attributable to increased direct support, professional services personnel and third-party professional services costs to support the increased services revenues. We also incurred increased costs to fulfill our license sales as the volume of our license sales increased. The aggregate total increase of these costs was $16.1 in the first quarter of 2007. The amortization of capitalized software development costs increased by $5.2 in 2007, a 188% increase. Fluctuations in foreign currency compared to the U.S. dollar did not have a significant effect on cost of revenues in the first quarter of 2007 and 2006. License revenues, as a percentage of total revenues, decreased from 70.0% in the first quarter of 2006 to 65.5% in the first quarter of 2007. Our gross margins, as a percentage of revenues, were 83.0% in both the first quarter of 2007 and 2006. Although services revenues, which have a lower gross margin than our license revenues, comprised a greater proportion of our revenue mix in the first quarter of 2007, the gross margin on our license revenues improved compared to the first quarter of 2006, resulting in our overall gross margin remaining flat. For the remainder of 2007, we expect that our services revenues will continue to increase as a percentage of our total revenues. Because services revenues have a lower gross margin than our license revenues, we expect our gross margins will be negatively impacted for the remainder of 2007. In future periods, our cost of revenues and gross profit will be adversely affected as a result of the exchange offer and the issuance of additional equity grants. The actual impact is subject to a number of factors, including the number of equity instruments exchanged in the exchange offer, the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock and EMC’s two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of this offering. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Equity-based Compensation.”

Research and Development Expenses

Our R&D expenses were $55.0 and $22.3 in the first quarter of 2007 and 2006, respectively, representing a year-over-year increase of 146%. The increase in R&D expenses in 2007 consisted primarily of increased salaries and benefits of $14.6, resulting from additional resources to support new product development. Software capitalization decreased from $17.7 in 2006 to $7.6 in 2007. In 2006, we reached technological feasibility on our current VMware Infrastructure server product and capitalized the costs to develop that product. By contrast, in 2007, we have not reached technological feasibility on a product of similar magnitude. As a percentage of revenues, R&D expenses were 21.2% in 2007 and 17.3% in 2006. The increase in R&D expense as a percentage of revenues in 2007 compared to 2006 was primarily attributable to less software costs being capitalized. In future periods, our research and development expenses will be adversely affected as a result of the exchange offer and the issuance of additional equity grants. The actual impact is subject to a number of factors, including the number of equity instruments exchanged in the exchange offer, the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock and EMC’s two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of this offering. Additionally, the amount of equity-based compensation that may be capitalized will also affect the future expense. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Equity-based Compensation.”

 

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Sales and Marketing Expenses

For the first quarter, our sales and marketing expenses were $86.7 in 2007 and $42.6 in 2006, representing a year-over-year increase of 104% in 2007. The increase in sales and marketing expenses was the result of higher salaries and benefits, resulting from additional headcount in both sales and marketing personnel, and higher commission expense resulting from increased sales volume. Salaries, benefits and commission expense increased by $24.2. In certain international countries, EMC hires employees who work on our behalf. The costs incurred by EMC on our behalf, which principally relates to employees dedicated to our marketing effort, increased by $9.3. In order to expand our geographic reach in the first quarter of 2007, we added employees in two additional countries, as well as increased headcount in countries where we previously had employees. An increase in our marketing programs and travel of $4.0 also contributed to the growth in sales and marketing expenses. As a percentage of revenues, sales and marketing expenses were 33.5% and 33.0% in 2007 and 2006, respectively. The annual increases in sales and marketing expenses, as a percentage of revenues, were primarily attributable to incremental salaries, benefits and commissions. In future periods, our sales and marketing expenses will be adversely affected as a result of the exchange offer and the issuance of additional equity grants. The actual impact is subject to a number of factors, including the number of equity instruments exchanged in the exchange offer, the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock and EMC’s two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of this offering. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Equity-based Compensation.”

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses for the first quarter were $26.6 and $11.8 in 2007 and 2006, respectively, representing a year-over-year increase of 125%. Our general and administrative expenses increased primarily as a result of additional salaries, benefits and recruiting costs of $6.8, resulting from additional resources to support the growth of our business. Administrative costs, such as travel, equipment, facilities and depreciation, increased by $3.4 in 2007. Other administrative costs, such as legal, audit and tax fees, also contributed $1.2 to the increase in general and administrative expenses in 2007 compared to 2006. As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses were 10.3% and 9.2% in 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increase in general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues was primarily attributable to incremental headcount to support the growth of our business. In future periods, our general and administrative expenses will be adversely affected as a result of the exchange offer and the issuance of additional equity grants. The actual impact is subject to a number of factors, including the number of equity instruments exchanged in the exchange offer, the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock and EMC’s two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of this offering of our Class A common stock. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Equity-based Compensation.”

Operating Income

Our operating income was $46.4 and $30.3 in the first quarters of 2007 and 2006, respectively, representing a year-over-year increase of 53%. As a percentage of revenues, operating margins were 17.9% and 23.5% in 2007 and 2006, respectively. The decrease in margin in 2007 was primarily attributable to the effect of capitalized software development cost, net of amortization. Net capitalized software development cost increased operating income by $13.2 in 2006, but decreased operating income by $0.4 in 2007.

A portion of our costs of revenues, primarily the costs of personnel to deliver technical support on our products, and a portion of our operating expense primarily related to sales, sales support and research and development, are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the British pound, the Euro, the Japanese yen, the Indian rupee, the Australian dollar and the Canadian dollar. These costs and the resulting effect on operating income are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. As a result of fluctuations in foreign currency values compared to the U.S. dollar, operating income decreased $3.8 in the first quarter of 2007 and increased $1.1 in the first quarter of 2006.

 

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Investment Income and Other Net Expenses

Investment income and other expenses, net, were $3.0 in the first quarter of 2007 as compared with $0.0 in the same period of 2006. Investment income consists primarily of interest earned on cash and cash equivalent balances and on amounts due to us from EMC on our intercompany balance. Interest expense results primarily from balances owed by us to EMC. Investment income increased in 2007 compared to 2006 due to higher outstanding cash and cash equivalent balances and amounts owed to us by EMC on our intercompany balances.

Provision for Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rate was 16.9% in the first quarter of 2007 as compared with 32.9% for the same period in 2006. The reduction in the effective rate for the first quarter of 2007 compared to the first quarter of 2006 was primarily attributable to the benefit of our tax structure, whereby income in 2007 earned abroad principally qualifies for deferral from U.S. taxation, whereas in 2006 the income was principally taxed in the United States. Our rate of taxation in foreign jurisdictions is lower than our U.S. tax rate.

Liquidity and Financial Condition

For the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2006, our cash flows were:

 

      Three months ended
March 31,
 
      2007     2006  

Net cash provided by operating activities

   $ 104.9     $99.6  

Net cash used in investing activities

     (22.6 )   (22.6 )

Net cash used in financing activities

     —       —    

Cash provided by operating activities was $104.9 and $99.6 in the first quarter of 2007 and 2006, respectively.

In the first quarter of 2007, our operating cash flow reflected net income generated during the period of $41.1, adjusted for non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization expense of $21.2 and stock-based compensation of $11.6. Additionally, working capital, including short- and long-term deferred revenue, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes, generated cash flow of $30.4, as a result of a decrease in accounts receivable of $46.4 and an increase in deferred revenues of $33.7. Our deferred revenue balance consisted of deferred license revenues of $76.4 and deferred service revenues of $263.9 at March 31, 2007, of which $262.1 of the total deferred revenue balance was classified as current.

In the first quarter of 2006, our operating cash flow reflected net income generated during the period of $21.6, adjusted for non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization expense of $12.6 and stock-based compensation of $6.5. Additionally, working capital, including short- and long-term deferred revenue, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes, generated cash flow of $59.8, primarily as a result of an increase in deferred revenue of $29.9 and a decrease in accounts receivable of $13.9.

Cash used in investing activities was $22.6 for both the first quarter of 2007 and 2006. Capital additions were $16.6 and $10.4 in the first quarter of 2007 and 2006, respectively. Capitalized software development costs were $6.7 and $12.3 in the first quarter of 2007 and 2006, respectively. The decrease in capitalized software development costs in the first quarter of 2007 compared to the first quarter of 2006 was attributable to the current version of the Virtual Infrastructure software product reaching technological feasibility in 2006.

We had no financing activities in the first quarter of 2007 or 2006.

 

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Financing Activities

In July 2007, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with Intel, pursuant to which Intel, through its affiliate, Intel Capital, has agreed to purchase 9.5 million shares of our Class A common stock at $23.00 per share for an aggregate offering price of $218.5, subject to the expiration of the applicable waiting period under the HSR Act and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions, including the absence of a material adverse change. If we do not complete an underwritten public offering with an aggregate price to the public of at least $250.0 million on or before December 31, 2007, Intel will have the right to exchange its Class A common stock for shares of Series A preferred stock, the terms of which will be designated prior to the closing of the Intel investment. We have also granted Intel Capital customary anti-dilution rights and a put right with a pre-set internal rate of return. We have also entered into an investor rights agreement with Intel pursuant to which Intel will have certain registration and other rights as a holder of our Class A common stock.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Contractual Obligations, Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

Guarantees and Indemnification Obligations

We enter into agreements in the ordinary course of business with, among others, distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors and systems integrators. Most of these agreements require us to indemnify the other party against third-party claims alleging that one of our products infringes or misappropriates a patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret and/or other intellectual property right. Certain of these agreements require us to indemnify the other party against certain claims relating to property damage, personal injury or the acts or omissions by us, our employees, agents or representatives. In addition, from time to time we have made certain guarantees regarding the performance of our systems to our customers.

Contractual Obligations

We have various contractual obligations impacting our liquidity. The following represents our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2006:

 

          Payments Due by Period
     Total    Less than
1 year
   1-3
years*
   3-5
years**
  

More than

5 years

Operating leases

   $ 298.0    $ 13.6    $ 16.8    $ 14.2    $ 253.4

Purchase orders

     46.7      46.7      —        —        —  

Construction contracts

     77.6      77.6      —        —        —  
                                  

Total

   $ 422.3    $ 137.9    $ 16.8    $ 14.2    $ 253.4
                                  

*   Includes payments from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2009.
**   Includes payments from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2011.

Our operating leases are primarily for office space around the world. We generally believe leasing such space is more cost-effective than purchasing real estate. While our purchase orders are generally cancelable without penalty, certain vendor agreements provide for percentage-based cancellation fees or minimum restocking charges based on the nature of the product or service. The construction contracts are for the construction of our new headquarter facilities. EMC currently reimburses us for the costs we are incurring under these contracts and will continue to do so through the date of the offering, at which time we will purchase the facilities from EMC.

 

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Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements are based on the selection and application of generally accepted accounting principles that require us to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and the accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and any such differences may be material to our financial statements. We believe that the policies set forth below may involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity in their application than our other accounting policies and represent the critical accounting policies used in the preparation of our financial statements. If different assumptions or conditions were to prevail, the results could be materially different from our reported results. Our significant accounting policies are presented within Note A to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Accounting for Stock Options

In 2006, we adopted Financial Accounting Standard No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment,” or FAS No. 123R, to account for equity-based compensation expense. Our financial statements include the adoption of FAS No. 123R using the modified prospective transition method of adoption, which does not result in the restatement of results from prior periods.

FAS No. 123R requires recognizing compensation costs for all share-based payment awards made to employees based upon the awards’ estimated grant date fair value. The standard covers equity grants made by EMC to our employees, including stock options for EMC stock, restricted EMC stock and employee stock purchases related to EMC’s employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP. Additionally, we applied the provisions of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 on Share-Based Payment to our adoption of FAS No. 123R. Prior to 2006, we elected to account for these share-based payment awards under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” or APB No. 25, and elected to only disclose the pro forma impact of expensing the fair value of stock options in the notes to the financial statements.

We elected to estimate the fair value of employee stock option awards and the ESPP using the Black-Scholes model. The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model is affected by EMC’s stock price, as well as assumptions regarding a number of subjective variables. These variables include the expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, the risk-free interest rate associated with the expected term of the awards, expected dividends and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors.

In 2006, the following weighted average assumptions for employee stock options and ESPP were used in the Black-Scholes model:

 

     Stock
Options
    ESPP  

Dividend yield

   None     None  

Expected volatility

   34.4 %   27.6 %

Risk free interest rate

   4.8 %   4.9 %

Expected life (in years)

   4.0     0.5  

To determine the expected volatility, we used a combination of implied volatility for six-month and two-year traded options on EMC’s stock, as well as EMC’s historical stock price volatility. The expected term assumption is based upon actual historical exercises and cancellations of EMC stock options. We are using the same methodology to calculate expected volatility and expected term that was used prior to our adoption of FAS No. 123R. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates appropriate for the term of employee stock options and ESPP. The dividend yield assumption is based on the history and expectation of

 

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dividend payouts. Stock-based compensation expense recognized within a given reporting period is based on awards that are expected to vest in current or future periods. Accordingly, recognized stock-based compensation expense from stock options and ESPP is reduced for expected forfeitures. FAS No. 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience. See Note I to our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our implementation of FAS No. 123R.

Changes to the underlying assumptions may have a significant impact on the underlying value of the stock options, which could have a material impact on our financial statements. Should our actual forfeitures differ from our estimates, this could have a material impact on our financial statements.

The value of stock options that will be granted by us after this offering will be based on our volatility, or in the absence of a sufficient period of time to determine such volatility, the volatility of a representative peer group. This volatility may be higher than EMC’s volatility, which will have the effect of increasing our stock-based compensation expense.

Revenue Recognition

We derive revenue from the licensing of software and related services. We recognize revenue for software products and related services in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants’ Statement of Position (SOP) 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition,” as amended. We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectibility is probable. However, determining whether and when some of these criteria have been satisfied often involves assumptions and judgments that can have a significant impact on the timing and amount of revenue we report.

Our assessment of likelihood of collection is also a critical element in determining the timing of revenue recognition. If we do not believe that collection is probable, the revenue will be deferred until the earlier of when collection is deemed probable or cash is received.

We recognize license revenue from the sale of software when risk of loss transfers, which is generally upon shipment or electronic transfer. We license our software under perpetual licenses, through our direct sales force and through our channel of distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors and systems integrators. We defer revenue relating to products that have shipped to our channel until our products are sold through the channel. We estimate and record reserves for products that are not sold through the channel based on historical trends and relevant current information. We obtain sell-through information from distributors and resellers on a monthly basis and reconcile any estimates, if necessary, made in the previous month. Historically, actual information has not differed materially from the related estimate. For our indirect channel partners who do not report sell-through data, we determine sell-through information based on such distributors’ and resellers’ accounts receivable balances and other relevant factors. For x86 system vendors, revenue is recognized in arrears upon the receipt of binding royalty reports. The accuracy of our reserves depends on our ability to estimate the product sold through the channels and could have a significant impact on the timing and amount of revenue we report.

We offer rebates to channel partners, which are recognized as a reduction of revenue at the time the related product sale is recognized. We account for marketing development funds and sales incentives to channel partners as a reduction of revenue. When rebates are based on the set percentage of actual sales, we recognize the costs of the rebates as a reduction of revenue when the underlying revenue is recognized. In cases where rebates are earned if a cumulative level of sales is achieved, we recognize the cost of the rebates as a reduction of revenue proportionally for each sale that is required to achieve the target. The estimated reserves for channel rebates and sales incentives are based on channel partners’ actual performance against the terms and conditions of the programs, historical trends and the value of the rebates. The accuracy of these reserves for these rebates,

 

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marketing development funds and sales incentives depends on our ability to estimate these items and could have a significant impact on the timing and amount of revenue we report.

Although our return policy does not allow end-users to return products for a refund, we may accept returns from time to time. Channel partners may also rotate stock when new versions of a product are released. The product returns reserve is based on historical experience of actual product returns, estimated channel inventory levels, the timing of new product introductions and promotions and other relevant factors. The accuracy of these reserves depends on our ability to estimate sales returns and stock rotation among other criteria. If we were to change any of these assumptions or judgments, it could cause a material increase or decrease in the amount of revenue that we report in a particular period.

Our services revenue consists of software maintenance and professional services. We recognize maintenance revenues ratably over the contract period. Professional services include design, implementation and training. Professional services are not considered essential to the functionality of our products because these services do not alter the product capabilities and may be performed by our customers or other vendors. Professional services engagements that have durations of 90 days or less are recognized in revenue upon completion of the engagement. Professional services engagements of more than 90 days for which we are able to make reasonably dependable estimates of progress toward completion are recognized on a proportional performance basis based upon the hours incurred. Revenue on all other engagements is recognized upon completion. However, if we were to change any of these assumptions or judgments, it could cause a material increase or decrease in the amount of revenue that we report in a particular period.

Our software products are sold with maintenance and/or professional services. Vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value of professional services is based upon the standard rates we charge for such services when sold separately. VSOE for maintenance services is established by the rates charged in stand-alone sales of maintenance contracts or the stated renewal rate for maintenance included in the license agreement. The revenue allocated to software license included in multiple element contracts represents the residual amount of the contract after the fair value of the other elements has been determined. Customers under maintenance agreements are entitled to receive updates and upgrades on a when-and-if-available basis. In the event upgrades have been announced but not delivered, product revenue is deferred after the announcement date until delivery occurs unless we have established VSOE of fair value for the upgrade. VSOE of fair value of upgrades is established based upon the price set by management. We have a history of selling upgrades on a stand-alone basis. We are required to exercise judgment in determining whether VSOE exists for each undelivered element based on whether our pricing for these elements is sufficiently consistent with the sale of these elements on a stand-alone basis. This could cause a material increase or decrease in the amount of revenue that we report in a particular period.

Asset Valuation

Asset valuation includes assessing the recorded value of certain assets, including accounts receivable, goodwill, capitalized software development costs and other intangible assets. We use a variety of factors to assess valuation, depending upon the asset. Accounts receivable are evaluated based upon the creditworthiness of our customers, historical experience, the age of the receivable and current market and economic conditions. Should current market and economic conditions deteriorate, our actual bad debt experience could exceed our estimate. We capitalize software development costs once our projects have reached technological feasibility at the earlier of completion of a detailed project design or a working model. Changes in judgment as to when technological feasibility is reached could materially impact the amount of costs capitalized. We amortize capitalized software development costs over periods ranging from 18 to 24 months, which represent the products’ estimated useful lives. Changes in the periods over which we actually generate revenues or the amounts of revenues generated could result in different amounts of amortization. Other intangible assets are evaluated based upon the expected period during which the asset will be utilized, forecasted cash flows, changes in technology and customer demand. Changes in judgments on any of these factors could materially impact the value of the asset. Our goodwill valuation is based

 

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upon a discounted cash flow analysis. The analysis considers estimated revenue and expense growth rates. The estimates are based upon our historical experience and projections of future activity, considering customer demand, changes in technology and a cost structure necessary to achieve the related revenues. Changes in judgments on any of these factors could materially impact the value of the asset.

New Accounting Pronouncements

VMware adopted FASB Interpretation 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN No. 48”), at the beginning of fiscal year 2007. FIN No. 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with FAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” FIN No. 48 prescribes a two-step process to determine the amount of tax benefit to be recognized. First, the tax position must be evaluated to determine the likelihood that it will be sustained upon external examination. If the tax position is deemed “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained, the tax position is then assessed to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The amount of the benefit that may be recognized is the largest amount that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We had no changes to the amount of our income tax payable as a result of implementing FIN No. 48. Prior to the adoption of FIN No. 48, our policy was to classify accruals for uncertain positions as a current liability unless it was highly probable that there would not be a payment or settlement for such identified risks for a period of at least a year. We reclassified $4.5 of income tax liabilities from current to non-current liabilities because a cash settlement of these liabilities is not anticipated within one year of the balance sheet date.

In September 2006, the FASB issued FAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” or FAS No. 157, which addresses how companies should measure fair value when they are required to use a fair value measure for recognition or disclosure purposes under generally accepted accounting principles. FAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. FAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and should be applied prospectively, except in the case of a limited number of financial instruments that require retrospective application. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of FAS No. 157 on our financial position and results of operations.

In February 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities-including an amendment of FAS 115,” or FAS No. 159. The new statement allows entities to choose, at specified election dates, to measure eligible financial assets and liabilities at fair value that are not otherwise required to be measured at fair value. If a company elects the fair value option for an eligible item, changes in that item’s fair value in subsequent reporting periods must be recognized in current earnings. FAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of FAS No. 159 on our financial position and results of operations.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

During the first quarter 2007, our international revenues accounted for 47% of our total revenues. International revenue as a percentage of total revenues was 44% in 2006, 46% in 2005 and 45% in 2004. Our revenue contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars and the vast majority of our purchase contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars. A portion of our cost of revenues, primarily the cost of personnel to deliver technical support on our products, and a portion of our operating expense related to sales and sales support and research and development, are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the British pound, the Euro, the Japanese yen, the Indian rupee, the Australian dollar and the Canadian dollar. These costs and the resulting effect on gross margin and operating income are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Upon consolidation, as exchange rates vary, costs of revenue and operating costs may differ materially from expectations. The Company does not hedge its exposure to foreign currency fluctuation. Our exposure to market risk relates primarily to the variable interest obligation on the note we incurred to fund an $800.0 dividend to EMC.

 

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BUSINESS

VMware is the leading provider of virtualization solutions. Our virtualization solutions represent a pioneering approach to computing that separates the operating system and application software from the underlying hardware to achieve significant improvements in efficiency, availability, flexibility and manageability. Our broad and proven suite of virtualization solutions addresses a range of complex IT problems that include infrastructure optimization, business continuity, software lifecycle management and desktop management. The benefits to our customers include substantially lower IT costs, choice of operating systems and a more automated and resilient systems infrastructure capable of responding dynamically to variable business demands. Our customer base includes 100% of the Fortune 100 and over 84% of the Fortune 1,000. Our customer base for our server solutions has grown to include 20,000 organizations of all sizes across numerous industries. We believe our solutions deliver significant economic value for customers, and many have adopted our solutions as the strategic and architectural foundation for their future computing initiatives.

Our solutions enable organizations to aggregate multiple servers, storage infrastructure and networks together into shared pools of capacity that can be allocated dynamically, securely and reliably to applications as needed, increasing hardware utilization and reducing spending. In the eight years since the introduction of our first virtualization platform, we have expanded our offering with virtual infrastructure automation products to address distributed and heterogeneous infrastructure challenges such as system recoverability and reliability, backup and recovery, resource provisioning and management, capacity and performance management and desktop security. We have also complemented our virtualization platforms with a suite of related virtual infrastructure management products.

We began shipping our first product in 1999, and today we offer 16 products. Our flagship desktop product, VMware Workstation, is in its sixth generation and our flagship server product suite, VMware Infrastructure, is in its third generation. Our products are widely recognized for their innovation and quality. We believe that our technological leadership can be attributed to our highly talented R&D engineers, over 40% of whom have advanced degrees.

We believe that the addressable market opportunity for our virtualization solutions is large and expanding. IDC estimates that less than one million of the 24.6 million x86 servers and less than five million of the 489.7 million business client PCs deployed worldwide are running virtualization software. We believe industry trends towards more powerful yet under-utilized multi-core servers and the increasing complexity of managing desktop environments will drive widespread adoption of virtualization for both server and desktop deployments. We believe that our innovative virtualization solutions will enable us to maintain our leadership in this large addressable market by increasing our penetration within our substantial installed base and through the addition of new customers.

We work closely with over 200 technology partners, including leading server, processor, storage, networking and software vendors. We have shared the economic opportunities surrounding virtualization with our partners by facilitating solution development through open APIs, formats and protocols and providing access to our source code and technology. The endorsement and support of our partners have further enhanced the awareness, reputation and adoption of our virtualization solutions.

We have developed a multi-channel distribution model to expand our presence and reach various segments of the market. We derive a significant majority of our revenues from our large indirect sales channel of more than 4,000 channel partners that include distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors and systems integrators. We believe that our partners benefit greatly from the sale of our solutions through additional services, software and hardware sales opportunities. We have trained a large number of partners and end users to deploy and leverage our solutions.

We were founded in 1998 and have continued to operate in large measure as a stand-alone company following our acquisition by EMC in 2004. Our independence has been critical to building deep and mutually

 

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beneficial relationships with a broad group of partners. During 2006, we generated $703.9 million in revenues, an 82% increase over our 2005 results. For financial information about our business by segment and geographic area, see Note L to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We are based in Palo Alto, California with 39 offices worldwide.

Industry Background

The Proliferation of x86 Servers and Desktops Introduces New Challenges

The introduction of x86 servers in the 1980s provided a low-cost alternative to mainframe and proprietary UNIX systems. The broad adoption of Windows and the emergence of Linux as server operating systems in the 1990s established x86 servers as the industry standard. x86 server shipments represented 93% of new servers in 2006 according to IDC. The growth in x86 server and desktop deployments has introduced new operational risks and IT infrastructure challenges. These challenges include:

 

   

Low Infrastructure Utilization.    Typical x86 server deployments achieve an average utilization of only 10% to 15% of total capacity according to IDC. Organizations typically do not run more than one application per server to avoid the risk of faults or security vulnerabilities in one application affecting the availability of another application on the same server. This “one application to one server” approach, combined with the relative inefficiency of most x86-based server applications, has resulted in significant under-utilization of x86-based server resources. IDC estimates that organizations currently maintain total excess computing capacity valued at $140 billion in the form of over-provisioned or idle servers. We believe that the industry trend towards multi-core architectures, which increase server capacity by combining two or more independent processors into a single package, will likely result in even lower utilization levels. According to IDC, more than 95% of x86-based servers currently have four processors or less. We therefore believe applications currently running on these servers are unlikely to take advantage of the eight- to sixteen-processor architectures that are likely to be the industry standard within the next few years.

 

   

Increasing Physical Infrastructure Costs.    Although the average selling prices of servers and related IT infrastructure continue to decline, the operational costs to support this growing infrastructure have steadily increased. Most computing infrastructure must remain operational at all times, resulting in power consumption, cooling and facilities costs that do not vary with utilization levels. In some cases, the lack of adequate power supply represents the limiting factor to an organization’s ability to deploy new applications and servers. IDC estimates that organizations spent $29.0 billion in 2006 to power and cool the worldwide installed base of servers, the vast majority of which are x86 servers.

 

   

Increasing IT Management Costs.    IDC estimates that organizations typically spend more than 80% of their overall IT budgets on the routine maintenance of existing infrastructure. As computing environments become more complex, the level of specialized education and experience required for infrastructure management personnel and the associated costs of such personnel have increased. To support the rapid growth of under-utilized servers and associated IT infrastructure, organizations spend disproportionate time and resources on manual tasks associated with server maintenance, and thus require more personnel to complete these tasks. Furthermore, automation of operational processes is inherently difficult given the complexity and heterogeneity of the environments.

 

   

Insufficient Failover and Disaster Protection.    Organizations are increasingly affected by the downtime of critical server applications and inaccessibility of critical end user desktops. The threat of security attacks, natural disasters, health pandemics and terrorism has elevated the importance of business continuity planning for both desktops and servers. The increasing dependence on x86-based server applications has elevated the importance of protecting them against local hardware failure, application faults and human error. Traditional solutions for both high availability and business continuity are complex and costly and therefore have only been deployed for a small subset of applications.

 

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Desktop Management and Security.    Managing and securing enterprise desktops present numerous challenges. Controlling a distributed desktop environment and enforcing management, access and security policies without impairing users’ ability to work effectively is complex and expensive. Numerous patches and upgrades must be continually applied to desktop environments to eliminate security vulnerabilities.

The Emergence of Industry-Standard Infrastructure Virtualization

Virtualization was first introduced in the 1970s to enable multiple business applications to share and fully harness the centralized computing capacity of mainframe systems. Virtualization was effectively abandoned during the 1980s and 1990s when client-server applications and inexpensive x86 servers and desktops established the model of distributed computing. Rather than sharing resources centrally in the mainframe model, organizations used the low cost of distributed systems to build up islands of computing capacity, providing some benefits but also introducing new challenges. In 1999, VMware introduced virtualization to x86 systems as a means to efficiently address many of these challenges and to transform x86 systems into general purpose, shared hardware infrastructure that offers full isolation, mobility and operating system choice for application environments.

Virtualization can be implemented using various approaches. The most prevalent approach uses a layer of software called a “hypervisor” that resides below the operating system (see Exhibit 1). The hypervisor provides the capability to enable multiple applications and operating systems to share the underlying hardware safely by encapsulating each application and operating system in its own “virtual machine.” Organizations use this technology to run multiple applications and heterogeneous operating systems on the same hardware and across different hardware configurations, raising utilization and reducing costs.

Exhibit 1: Virtualization Enables Secure System Partitioning

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The Need for Virtual Infrastructure Automation and Management

The introduction of virtualization technology presents a number of opportunities for driving capital and operational efficiency above and beyond the simple benefit of safe partitioning. By decoupling the entire software environment from its underlying hardware infrastructure, virtualization enables the aggregation of multiple servers, storage infrastructure and networks into shared pools of resources that can be delivered

 

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dynamically, securely and reliably to applications as needed (see Exhibit 2). This pioneering approach enables organizations to build a computing infrastructure with high levels of utilization, availability, automation and flexibility using building blocks of inexpensive industry-standard servers. Although virtualization represents the core enabling technology, the enormous benefits associated with this general purpose computing infrastructure cannot be fully realized without virtual infrastructure automation and management solutions.

Exhibit 2: Virtualization Enables a Distributed Virtual Infrastructure

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Market Opportunity

IDC estimates the installed base of x86-based servers in 2006 at 24.6 million units, growing to 33.8 million units by 2010. According to IDC, worldwide shipments of x86 servers are expected to increase from 6.9 million units in 2006 to 8.7 million units in 2010. IDC estimates that the percentage of all new x86 server shipments running virtualization software will increase from 5% in 2005 to 17% in 2010. We believe industry trends towards more powerful yet under-utilized multi-core servers will further accelerate the widespread adoption of virtualization for server deployments.

Desktop virtualization provides organizations with the ability to manage desktop deployments through the use of virtual machines running on centralized server farms in the corporate data center or IT-managed desktop-based virtual machines. For server-based desktops, users access these desktops remotely from a desktop or a thin client using a remote display protocol. The centralized management of desktop deployments enables organizations to significantly improve the efficiency of desktop installations, upgrades, patches and backups. Desktop virtualization also enables organizations to package an IT-managed desktop within a secured virtual machine and deploy it to an unmanaged physical desktop, which can greatly reduce the manageability challenges associated with remote access deployments. IDC estimated that the installed base of business client PCs reached 489.7 million as of December 2006. We believe that companies spend approximately $1,000 to $2,000 per desktop per year to deliver the necessary manageability, security and resilience. We believe that these desktop systems and associated spending represent a significant potential market for virtualization-based solutions.

Our Solution

Our virtualization solutions run on industry-standard servers and desktops and support a wide range of operating system and application environments, as well as networking and storage infrastructure. We have designed our solutions to function independently of the hardware and operating system to provide customers with a broad platform choice. Our solutions provide a key integration point for hardware and infrastructure

 

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management vendors to deliver differentiated value that can be applied uniformly across all application and operating system environments. Key benefits to our virtualization solutions include:

 

   

Server Consolidation and Infrastructure Optimization.    Our solutions enable organizations to achieve significantly higher resource utilization by pooling common infrastructure resources and breaking the “one application to one server” model. Our research indicates that our customers commonly achieve server consolidation ratios that average 5:1 and can achieve ratios that exceed 20:1 by using our solutions to run each of their applications in an isolated and secure virtual machine. Our solutions include numerous availability safeguards to mitigate the risk of loading multiple applications onto the same hardware platform. We have also developed tools and management products to enable easy planning and conversion of physical machines into virtual machines, as well as for the optimization and ongoing maintenance of a consolidated virtual environment.

 

   

Physical Infrastructure Cost Reduction.    Through significant server consolidation and containment results, our solutions increase utilization rates and reduce the required number of servers and other infrastructure overhead. Our solutions enable organizations to achieve significant reductions in their physical infrastructure costs through reduced data center space, power and cooling costs required to support new and existing applications. Our solutions also allow organizations to reduce or defer capital expenditures for new data center facilities.

 

   

Improved Operational Flexibility and Responsiveness.    Our solutions include a set of virtual infrastructure automation and management products that simplify and automate labor and resource intensive IT operations across disparate hardware, operating system and software application environments. Our virtual infrastructure automation and management solutions reduce the amount of time IT professionals must spend on largely reactive tasks, such as provisioning, configuration, monitoring and maintenance. In many cases, our solutions enable organizations to reduce the number of IT professionals required to effectively manage and maintain their infrastructure resources and to adapt their IT infrastructure more quickly to respond to changing business needs.

 

   

Increased Application Availability and Improved Business Continuity.    Our solutions enable organizations to reduce both planned and unplanned downtime in their computing environments. For planned downtime, we provide a live migration product called VMotion that enables users to move virtual machines running applications and operating systems across physically separate machines with no service interruption or data loss. For unplanned downtime, our solutions enable organizations to create a simple, cost-effective and rapid recovery strategy for the vast majority of x86-based workloads, many of which are not currently covered by traditional recovery strategies. The use of our solutions to migrate entire virtual environments to new data center locations enables our customers to implement fast and efficient business continuity strategies.

 

   

Improved Desktop Manageability and Security.    Our desktop virtualization solutions allow organizations to centrally host and manage desktop environments while providing a desktop-like experience to an end user. This virtual desktop infrastructure allows IT organizations to efficiently control desktop environments regardless of location, desktop hardware, operating system or business application access needs. Our virtualization solutions also allow organizations to deploy portable desktop virtual machines on unmanaged desktops while providing a layer of policy control and security around each virtual machine. The use of desktop virtualization in remote access deployments provides organizations with complete control of the hardware configuration and networking capabilities of an unmanaged desktop to ensure compliance with security policies.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that the following competitive strengths position us well to maintain and extend our leadership in virtualization solutions.

 

   

Leading Technology and Market Position.    Since our founding in 1998, we have focused exclusively on pioneering virtualization technology, continuously improving our core virtualization platform and

 

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progressively expanding the application of virtualization technology to address previously unsolvable IT challenges. Our flagship desktop product, VMware Workstation, is in its sixth generation and our flagship server product suite, VMware Infrastructure, is in its third generation. Our products and solutions have received over 100 industry awards for excellence and leadership in their category. Our highly skilled employee base includes many of the industry’s foremost experts in systems and virtualization technology and provides us with unparalleled experience and knowledge in delivering innovative and high-quality virtualization solutions. Our technology is the most widely deployed on the market today, and industry analysts have independently characterized us as the leading virtualization solution provider in the marketplace. We believe that our commitment to virtualization innovation, combined with our industry-leading market position, creates strong brand recognition and preference among current and prospective customers, technology partners and resellers and accelerates the adoption of our solutions.

 

   

Broad Product Portfolio.    We offer a broad virtualization product suite that addresses an organization’s virtualization needs from the data center to the desktop. We offer 16 virtualization-based products across three product categories. Our flagship server product suite, VMware Infrastructure, bundles several of our products to deliver superior functionality and performance, as well as seamless integration into existing infrastructure of our customers. We believe that our broad product portfolio of virtualization solutions provides us with a substantial advantage over competitors that offer discrete, point virtualization products.

 

   

Open Standards and Choice of Operating Systems.    Our virtualization software enables customers to create and manage a shared pool of hardware resources that is independent of specific operating system and x86 hardware platforms. This allows our customers to deploy a heterogeneous environment of operating systems, underlying x86 hardware and associated networking and storage infrastructure. We have successfully certified more than 200 hardware platforms and successfully tested more than 60 operating systems for use with our solutions. We provide our partners access to our source code, as well as open APIs, formats and protocols to facilitate their development of interoperable and differentiated products. We also make our APIs, formats and protocols available for use by our partners and for inclusion in virtualization industry standards. We have designed our virtualization solutions to be an extension of hardware, as opposed to the operating system, resulting in a more flexible and robust solution that delivers both strategic choice and economic value to customers.

 

   

Large Installed Base of Customers.    We have a large installed customer base of more than 20,000 organizations using our server solutions. Our customer base includes 100% of Fortune 100 companies and over 84% of Fortune 1,000 companies. Our customer base includes organizations of all sizes across numerous industries. We believe that our customers view us as a key strategic solutions provider. The performance and reliability of our products has resulted in high customer satisfaction and strong customer loyalty. Many customers have implemented a policy to standardize and run all their new applications on our solutions, presenting us with significant opportunities to expand our footprint within these organizations as they grow their IT infrastructure.

 

   

Strong Partner Network.    We have extensive relationships with our technology, channel and consulting partners. Our network of partners continues to expand as the interest in and adoption of our technology grows. We believe the deployment of our leading virtualization solutions represents a strategic IT architecture decision for organizations, which creates significant product and services revenue opportunities for our partners. These opportunities provide strong incentives for our partners to collaborate with us to drive further adoption of our technology. We partner with more than 200 x86 system vendors, ISVs and other technology partners, as well as more than 4,000 distribution, reseller and consulting partners. The endorsement and support of our partners have further enhanced the awareness, reputation and adoption of our virtualization solutions.

 

   

Robust Global Support Operations and Services.    We offer a full range of 24x7 support offerings for both customers and partners, ranging from incident-level to business-critical service, backed by our industry-leading expertise in virtualization solutions. We have nearly a decade of experience installing,

 

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integrating and supporting our broad virtualization solutions in various production environments for businesses of all sizes. Our support services cover a broad range of hardware platforms and software configurations. We implement a “follow the sun” approach to deliver continuous customer support through our locations on three continents. We believe that our global support organization and capabilities positively impact our customer satisfaction, maintenance renewal levels and specifically differentiate us from smaller virtualization solution competitors.

Our Growth Strategy

Our objective is to extend our market leadership in virtualization solutions. To accomplish this objective, we intend to:

 

   

Broaden our Product Portfolio.    We continue to innovate and develop new server and desktop solutions and offer additional services that enhance the value of our current offerings. For example, the introduction of our VMware Infrastructure 3 product suite in 2006 expanded our offerings to include new capabilities in high availability, resource management and backup and recovery. We intend to provide our existing and prospective customers with additional solutions that will leverage virtualization technology to further optimize the value and reliability of their computing infrastructure. We may also pursue the acquisition of companies with complementary products and technologies that we believe will enhance our suite of offerings.

 

   

Enable Choice for Customers and Drive Standards.    We have designed and plan to maintain our core virtualization platforms as an operating system-independent extension of x86 hardware. By offering the functionality to pool and manage the resources of multiple servers and networking and storage infrastructure, our virtualization solutions extend beyond server virtualization to enable a next-generation, operating system-agnostic, distributed computing infrastructure with significant scalability, reliability, security, availability and flexibility.

 

   

Expand our Network of Technology and Distribution Partners.    We believe that the endorsement and support of our partners and user community accelerate the adoption of our solutions. We focus on enabling our partners to realize new economic opportunities through the integration and distribution of our solutions. We intend to expand our network of technology and distribution partners and increase the value our solutions provide to the hardware and software solutions of our partners. We will continue to collaborate with, and create additional revenue opportunities for, our partners to encourage their efforts to drive adoption and sales of our virtualization solutions.

 

   

Increase Sales to Existing Customers and Pursue New Customers.    We believe we have a significant opportunity to increase our sales to existing customers by targeting additional business units, pursuing upgrades and broad enterprise deployments and enhancing the functionality of our existing solutions. We will continue to aggressively pursue new customers globally by expanding our direct and indirect sales channels and our services offerings to complement our virtualization technology.

 

   

Increase Market Awareness and Drive Adoption of Virtualization.    We offer free solutions, which include VMware Player, VMware Server and VMware Converter. These entry-level solutions allow customers to evaluate the benefits of our virtualization technology and subsequently purchase advanced versions of our solutions. Our free software offerings, together with more than 400 third-party applications distributed in virtual appliances, provide an entry point for potential customers that can lead to additional product sales and broad adoption of our technology. We also host our annual VMworld industry conference to increase global awareness of virtualization solutions.

 

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Our Products and Technology

We offer a broad portfolio of products that spans the consumer desktop to the enterprise data center. Our products generally fall into three categories (see Exhibit 3):

 

   

Virtualization Platforms.    Our virtualization platforms include a hypervisor for system partitioning that provides the capability to safely, securely and efficiently run multiple operating systems simultaneously on the same physical machine. Our platforms range from free, entry-level products for the desktop and server to more feature-rich desktop and server platforms.

 

   

Virtual Infrastructure Automation.    Our virtual infrastructure automation products utilize the unique benefits of our virtualization platforms to automate system infrastructure services, such as resource management, availability, mobility and security. By deploying our virtual infrastructure automation products with our virtualization platforms, VMware customers can reduce the operational complexity of their environments.

 

   

Virtual Infrastructure Management.    Unlike our virtual infrastructure automation products, which improve the runtime availability and reliability of the virtual machines, our virtual infrastructure management products automate the interaction between various IT constituencies and the virtual infrastructure for a specific set of point solutions. These solutions range from capacity sizing and assessment to development lab management.

Exhibit 3: VMware Product Portfolio

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Virtualization Platform Products

 

   

VMware Player.    VMware Player is a free virtualization platform that enables individuals to run virtual machines on their desktops but does not allow virtual machine creation. We use VMware Player primarily as an awareness tool to familiarize individuals with the concept of virtual machines. VMware Player has been downloaded more than 2.6 million times since it was made generally available in December 2005.

 

   

VMware Workstation.    VMware Workstation is a desktop virtualization product for software developers and enterprise IT professionals who need to run multiple operating systems simultaneously

 

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on a single desktop. Users can run Windows, Linux, NetWare or Solaris x86 in fully networked, portable virtual machines with no rebooting or hard drive partitioning required. VMware Workstation delivers excellent performance and advanced features, such as memory optimization and the ability to manage multi-tier configurations and multiple snapshots.

 

   

VMware Server.    VMware Server is a free virtualization platform that enables simple partitioning of a server into multiple virtual machines. VMware Server runs as an application on top of an existing Windows or Linux operating system, unlike our VMware ESX Server platform, which runs its own microkernel. VMware Server is principally an awareness tool for administrators to become familiar with virtualization, though customers may opt to pay an annual support and subscription fee if they would like the product supported in a production or test environment. VMware Server has been downloaded more than 1.7 million times since it was made generally available in November 2006.

 

   

VMware ESX Server.    VMware ESX Server is our enterprise-class virtualization platform that runs directly on the hardware with its own microkernel and requires no third-party operating system. VMware ESX Server is designed expressly for the purpose of running virtual machines securely, efficiently and flexibly. VMware ESX Server’s microkernel architecture provides numerous efficiencies and performance benefits, including advanced resource management features, such as memory over-commitment and share-based resource allocations to guarantee quality of service. VMware ESX Server also has built-in redundancy features, such as device teaming and storage multi-pathing, to mitigate the risk of any component failure in a high-density, shared environment.

 

   

VMware Virtual SMP.    VMware Virtual SMP enables a single virtual machine to use up to four physical processors simultaneously, thereby allowing customers to run processor- and resource-intensive applications in virtual machines.

 

   

VMware VMFS.    VMware VMFS is a clustered file-system and volume manager that enables multiple ESX Servers to safely, efficiently and reliably share block-based storage. It was designed expressly for the purpose of handling virtual machines and is required to enable reliable use of our Virtual Infrastructure Automation products.

Virtual Infrastructure Automation Products

 

   

VMware VirtualCenter.    VMware VirtualCenter provides a central point of control to provision, monitor and manage a virtualized IT environment. VMware VirtualCenter also manages the runtime coordination of infrastructure automation products, such as VMware VMotion, VMware DRS and VMware HA, and provides outbound software interfaces for network and systems management software vendors to incorporate these technologies and other elements of virtual machine management into their user consoles.

 

   

VMware VMotion.    VMware VMotion allows users to move virtual machines with running applications and operating systems from one physical machine to another with no service interruption or data loss. Our customers have used VMware VMotion for more than three years to improve service levels delivered to their end users. Customers typically use VMware VMotion to perform zero-downtime planned hardware maintenance, non-disruptive server migration or dynamic resource repurposing.

 

   

VMware DRS.    VMware DRS creates resource pools from an aggregation of physical servers. VMware DRS dynamically allocates virtual machines to resource pools on demand. Once virtual machines have been provisioned, VMware DRS continuously monitors utilization across the resource pool and intelligently balances a collection of virtual machines across the servers in the resource pool using VMware VMotion. The VMware DRS resource management policies may be driven by pre-defined and automated rules that reflect business needs and priorities. VMware DRS delivers higher quality of service by managing resource commitments in a shared environment.

 

   

VMware HA.    VMware HA provides automated recovery from hardware failure for any application running in a virtual machine, regardless of its operating system or underlying hardware configuration.

 

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The technology includes an in-memory, replicated database across all of the VMware ESX Servers in a resource pool that tracks the status of every virtual machine. In the event of a failure, affected virtual machines are immediately recovered onto alternate systems. This technology addresses a key need to make workloads instantly recoverable to mitigate the impact of hardware failures in a shared environment.

 

   

VMware Consolidated Backup.    VMware Consolidated Backup (VCB) enables LAN-free, automated backup of virtual machines from a centralized backup proxy. The product includes software utilities for third-party backup products to efficiently snapshot and back up running virtual machines from a single, secure proxy server. VCB can be used to perform both file-level and full-system backup and recovery with an existing backup infrastructure. It provides a critical, zero-downtime solution to manage the increased density of backup operations in a highly utilized shared environment.

 

   

VMware ACE.    VMware ACE enables desktop administrators to lock down desktop endpoints and protect critical company resources against the risks presented by unmanaged desktops. With VMware ACE, desktop administrators package an IT-managed desktop within a secured virtual machine and deploy it to an unmanaged physical desktop. Once installed, VMware ACE provides a suite of automated security policies around the virtual machine, such as encryption, expiration, network and device access policies, transforming the unmanaged desktop to ensure compliance with security policies.

Virtual Infrastructure Management Products

 

   

VMware Capacity Planner.    VMware Capacity Planner is a hosted application that enables VMware service providers to perform capacity assessments onsite at a customer facility. The service provider installs and runs a collector at the customer facility that conducts agent-less discovery and collection of performance information for all servers in an environment. VMware Capacity Planner loads this performance information into a hosted data warehouse and provides web-based analytics tools and consolidation recommendations to the service provider.

 

   

VMware Converter.    VMware Converter enables customers to quickly and reliably convert local and remote physical machines into virtual machines. Users may also input third-party image formats or third-party virtual machines into VMware Converter to create virtual machines that run on our platforms.

 

   

VMware Virtual Desktop Infrastructure.    VMware Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) enables companies to host individual desktops inside virtual machines running on centralized servers in their data center. Users access these virtual desktops remotely from a physical desktop or a thin client using a remote display protocol. Since applications are managed centrally at the corporate data center, organizations gain better control over their desktop deployments. Unlike other server-based solutions that do not provide a complete desktop experience or require specific architectures, VDI includes full desktop environments familiar to end users and not limited by hardware or location.

 

   

VMware Lab Manager.    VMware Lab Manager automates the setup, capture, storage and sharing of multi-machine software configurations for development and staging environments. Using VMware Lab Manager, development and test teams can access multiple software configurations and virtual machines on demand through a self-service portal.

Support and Services

We believe that our strong services organization and frequent customer touch points help establish loyal customers that provide references and help promote our technology across various industries. We have implemented a broad services strategy that leverages the professional services organizations of our partners. We have also established our own services offerings to complement our partners’ services offerings and to ensure

 

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customer satisfaction, drive additional sales and promote renewals and upgrades. Our services offerings include customized solutions and onsite support that enable us and our channel partners to provide a positive overall customer experience.

We have established our global customer support organization, VMware Global Support Services, to align with and support our expanding customer base.

 

   

VMware Global Support Services.    We offer a suite of proactive, top-quality support packages backed by industry-leading expertise. We offer three maintenance programs, Platinum, Gold and Silver, that include our support along with periodic minor updates and enhancements to our products. A majority of our server customers purchase Platinum support. In addition to phone support, our customers have access to an online product support database for help with troubleshooting and operational questions. These programs are offered on an annual or multi-year subscription basis. Our support teams, located in California, Canada, Ireland, India and Japan, provide first response and manage the resolution of customer issues. In addition, we have authorized certain systems vendors to provide support for our products on our behalf.

We also offer a range of professional services under our VMware Professional Services offering, which includes:

 

   

VMware Consulting Services.    VMware Certified Professionals provide on-site assistance throughout the virtualization adoption lifecycle to accelerate the implementation of our virtualization solutions. VMware Certified Professionals conduct initial assessments and upgrade workshops and prepare detailed implementation project plans. Once customers are ready for standardization across their enterprise, VMware Certified Professionals help integrate virtual infrastructure into enterprise systems and processes.

 

   

VMware Education Services.    VMware courses provide extensive hands-on labs, case study examples and course materials. Customers work in teams of two on servers located offsite using a variety of remote access technologies.

Technology Alliances

Consistent with our partner-centric strategy, we have engaged a broad group of hardware and software vendors to cooperatively advance virtualization technology through joint marketing, product interoperability, collaboration and co-development. We create opportunity for partners by enabling them to build products that utilize our virtualization technology and create differentiated value through joint solutions.

We have over 200 technology partners with whom we bring joint offerings to the marketplace. We classify our partners as:

 

   

Independent Hardware Vendors (IHVs).    We have established strong relationships with large system vendors, including IBM, HP, Dell, NEC, Fujitsu, Fujitsu-Siemens and Sun, for joint certification and co-development. We also work closely with Intel, AMD and other IHVs to provide input on product development to enable them to deliver hardware advancements that benefit virtualization users. We coordinate with the leading storage and networking vendors to ensure joint interoperability, as well as to enable our software to access their differentiated functionality.

 

   

Independent Software Vendors (ISVs).    We partner with leading systems management, infrastructure software and application software vendors to enable them to deliver value-added products that integrate with our VMware Infrastructure suite of products. Our Technology Alliance Program facilitates joint solution creation and coordinated go-to-market activities with our partners. Our ISV partners have distributed over 400 software applications as virtual appliances.

In addition to developing open APIs, formats and protocols at multiple levels in our products, we provide source code access to select partners in our “Community Source” program to facilitate joint development and

 

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partner differentiation. We provide access to our ESX source code to over 300 developers from more than 30 partners for joint development projects. We also work with our industry partners to promote and foster the adoption of industry standards.

In addition, we and Intel have entered into a routine and customary collaboration partnering agreement that expresses the parties’ intent to continue to expand their cooperative efforts around joint development, marketing and industry initiatives. Intel’s investment is intended to foster strengthened intercompany collaboration toward accelerating VMware virtualization product adoption on Intel architecture and reinforcing the value of virtualization technology for customers.

We invest in testing and certification infrastructure to rigorously ensure our software works well with major hardware and software products. We have certified over 200 hardware platforms and have successfully tested over 60 operating systems for use with our solutions. We believe that the scale and scope of this effort is a significant competitive advantage.

Research and Development

We have made and intend to make significant investments in research and development. We have assembled a strong group of developers with system-level and system management software expertise. We employ approximately 1,100 professionals in our R&D organization and over 40% of the developers in the R&D organization have advanced degrees. We also have strong ties to leading academic institutions around the world and support academic programs that range from shared source code for research to sabbatical programs for visiting professors.

We prioritize our product development efforts through a combination of engineering-driven innovation and customer and market-driven feedback. Our research and development culture places high value on innovation, quality and open collaboration with our partners. We currently participate in numerous standards groups. For example, we co-chair the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) working group on System Virtualization, Partitioning and Clustering and chair the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) working group on virtualization. We believe the strength of our research and development organization is a competitive differentiator.

Sales and Marketing

We sell and market our products largely through a network of channel partners, which includes distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors and systems integrators, with over 75% of our revenue in 2006 derived from this indirect network.

We have established ongoing business relationships with our distributors. Our distributors purchase software licenses and software support from us for resale to end-user customers via resellers.

A substantial majority of our resellers, namely those in our VIP reseller network, obtain software licenses and software support from our distributors and market and sell them to our end-user customers. We offer several levels of membership in our VIP reseller network depending on a reseller’s interest and capability of providing demand generation, fulfillment, service delivery and education to customers and prospects. We also have certain resellers, as well as systems integrators, who obtain software licenses and software support directly from VMware. The VIP network agreements signed by the resellers carry no obligation to purchase or sell VMware products and can be terminated at any time by either party.

We have a direct sales force that complements our channel partners’ efforts. Our sales force works with our channel partners to introduce them to end-user customer accounts and new sales opportunities. Our channel partners also introduce our sales force to their end-user customers.

 

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In addition, our channel partner network includes certain system integrators and resellers trained and certified to deliver consulting services and solutions leveraging VMware products.

Our strategy is to position our products within a variety of organizations where end-user customers might consider buying virtualization solutions. We provide product training and marketing assistance to our channel partner network.

We generally do not have long-term contracts or minimum purchase commitments with our distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors and systems integrators, and our contracts with these channel partners do not prohibit them from offering products or services that compete with ours.

One of our distribution relationships is with Ingram Micro, which accounted for 29% of our worldwide revenues in 2006. The agreement under which we receive the substantial majority of our Ingram Micro revenues is terminable by either party upon 90 days’ prior written notice to the other party, and neither party has any obligation to purchase or sell any products under the agreement. The terms of this agreement between Ingram Micro and us are substantially similar to the terms of the agreements we have with other distributors, except for certain differences in shipment and payment terms, product return rights and certain indemnification obligations. No other channel partner accounted for over 10% of our revenues in 2006.

Ingram Micro accounted for 23%, and another of our channel partners accounted for 11%, of revenues in the first three months of 2007. No other channel partner accounted for more than 10% of our revenues in the first three months of 2007.

As of March 31, 2007, we had agreements with more than 4,000 channel partners and employed approximately 1,100 sales and marketing personnel. We maintain sales offices in 31 countries.

We primarily sell our software under perpetual licenses, and our sales contracts generally require end-user customers to purchase maintenance for the first year. Software maintenance is sold both directly to end-user customers and via our network of channel partners, and the majority of professional services are sold directly, with some professional services sold via our channel partners. Our sales cycle with end-user customers ranges from less than 90 days to over a year depending on several factors, including the size and complexity of the customer’s infrastructure.

The competitive landscape in which we operate includes not only other software virtualization vendors, but also traditional hardware solutions. In establishing prices for our products, we take into account, among other factors, the value our products and solutions deliver, and the cost of both alternative virtualization and hardware solutions. We believe the significant number of customers who also purchase our software services reflects a clear customer perception as to the value of our software services.

Our marketing efforts focus on communicating the benefits of our solutions and educating our customers, distributors, resellers, x86 system vendors, systems integrators, the media and analysts about the advantages of our innovative virtualization technology. We raise the awareness of our company, market our products and generate sales leads through industry events, public relations efforts, marketing materials, free downloads and our website. On average, our website receives approximately 400,000 unique visitors each week, as measured by a third-party tracking system. We also have created an online community called VMware Technology Network (VMTN) that enables customers and partners to share and discuss sales and development resources, implementation best practices, and industry trends among other topics.  Attendance at VMworld, the largest annual industry conference on virtualization and hosted by VMware, has grown from approximately 1,400 attendees in 2004 to more than 6,700 attendees in 2006. We also offer management presentations, seminars and webinars on our products and topics of virtualization. We believe a combination of these efforts strengthens our brand and enhances our leading market position in our industry.

 

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Customers

Our customers include 100% of the Fortune 100 and over 84% of the Fortune 1,000. As of January 2007, our customer base for our server solutions has grown to include 20,000 organizations of all sizes across numerous industries. Our customer deployments range in size from a single virtualized server for small businesses to up to thousands of virtual machines for our largest enterprise customers. In periodic third-party surveys commissioned by us, our customers indicate very high satisfaction rates with our products and many have indicated a strong preference for repeat purchases.

Ingram Micro, one of our distributors, accounted for 29% of our revenues in 2006. No other channel partner accounted for over 10% of our revenues in 2006. Ingram Micro accounted for 23%, and another of our channel partners accounted for 11%, of our revenues in the first three months of 2007. No other channel partner accounted for over 10% of our revenues in the first three months of 2007.

Competition

The virtual infrastructure market is evolving, and we expect to face increased competition in the future. We compete with large and small companies in different segments of the virtualization market, and expect that new entrants will enter the market and may develop technologies that, if commercialized, may compete with our products.

We believe that the key competitive factors in the virtual infrastructure market include:

 

   

the level of innovation, quality and maturity of product offerings;

 

   

the ability to provide full virtual infrastructure solutions;

 

   

the proven track record of formulating and delivering a roadmap of virtualization capabilities;

 

   

pricing of products, individually and in bundles;

 

   

the ability to attract and preserve a large installed base of customers;

 

   

the ability to offer products that support multiple hardware platforms and operating systems;

 

   

the ability to create and maintain partnering opportunities with hardware and infrastructure software vendors and development of robust indirect sales channels; and

 

   

the ability to attract and retain virtualization and systems experts as key employees.

Microsoft is our primary competitor for virtualization solutions. Microsoft currently provides products that compete with some of our entry-level offerings and has announced its intention to provide products that will compete with some of our enterprise-class products in the future. We have developed our virtualization solutions as a software layer between the hardware and the operating system that is not tied to a specific operating system. We believe our approach is differentiated from Microsoft’s and delivers significant flexibility and superior economic value to customers.

We also compete with small companies whose products are based on emerging open-source technologies for system virtualization. In addition, we compete with companies that take different approaches to virtualization. However, we believe these solutions offer limited support for heterogeneous operating system deployments. Furthermore, our VMware Infrastructure suite competes with products that provide high availability clustering, workload management and resource management.

We also expect to compete with new entrants to the virtualization market, which may include parties currently selling our products or our current technology partners. Many of our current and future competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition and greater financial, sales and marketing and other resources than do we. We believe our market leadership, large customer base, strong partner network, broad and

 

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innovative solutions suite and platform-agnostic approach position us favorably to compete effectively for the foreseeable future.

Intellectual Property

To date, the United States Patent and Trademark Office has issued us 22 patents covering various aspects of our server virtualization and other technologies. The granted United States patents will expire beginning in 2018, with the latest granted patent expiring in 2024. We also have numerous United States provisional and non-provisional patent applications pending that cover other aspects of our virtualization and other technologies.

We have been issued trademark registrations in the United States, the European Community and Japan covering the trademarks VMWARE for use in connection with computer software, clothing and reference materials, and VMWORLD for use in connection with educational seminars. VMWARE also is our registered trademark in Australia, Canada, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Singapore and Taiwan. We also have trademark applications pending to register the VMWARE mark in China, India and Israel. In addition, we have registered trademarks for GSX SERVER and P2V in the United States and for MULTIPLEWORLDS in Japan.

We also rely on intellectual property protections, such as copyrights and trade secrets.

Despite our efforts, the steps we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be adequate to preclude misappropriation of our proprietary information or infringement of our intellectual property rights, and our ability to police such misappropriation or infringement is uncertain, particularly in countries outside of the United States. United States patent filings are intended to provide the holder with a right to exclude others from making, using, selling or importing in the United States the inventions covered by the claims of granted patents. Our granted United States patents, and to the extent any future patents are issued, any such future patents may be contested, circumvented or invalidated in the future. Moreover, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages, and we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing these patents. Therefore, the exact effect of our patents and the other steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property cannot be predicted with certainty.

Employees

As of March 31, 2007, we had approximately 3,000 employees in offices worldwide. Of these employees, approximately 1,100 are engaged in sales and marketing, 1,100 in research and development, 500 in support and services and 300 in finance, administration and operations. None of our employees are represented by labor unions, and we consider current employee relations to be good.

Included in the VMware employees as of March 31, 2007 are approximately 375 EMC employees. We contract with EMC to utilize personnel who are dedicated to work for VMware on a full-time basis. These individuals are located in countries in which we do not currently have a subsidiary and are predominantly dedicated to our marketing efforts. Additionally, we utilize EMC employees in India for our R&D. We use contractors from time to time for temporary assignments and in locations in which we do not currently have subsidiaries. In the event that these contractor resources were not available, we do not believe that this would have a material adverse effect our operations.

Facilities

Our corporate headquarters is located in Palo Alto, California. We have nine office leases and subleases in Palo Alto totaling 387,000 square feet of office space. Globally, we have a total of 39 leases and subleases totaling 610,000 square feet at this time, of which 17 are leases through EMC. Currently, we have no owned properties.

 

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In addition, we are presently constructing our new corporate headquarters in Palo Alto, California. Upon the consummation of the offering, we will purchase from EMC our new headquarter facilities for an amount equal to the cost expended by EMC to date in constructing the facilities, which totaled approximately $127.0 million as of June 30, 2007. This 462,000 square foot office complex will be comprised of six buildings, which are expected to be completed in 2007 and 2008. We expect to relocate to our new corporate headquarters site from our several existing Palo Alto offices as the leases on those properties expire.

We believe that our current facilities, including our new headquarter facilities, are suitable and adequate to meet our current needs, and we intend to add new facilities or expand existing facilities as we add employees. We believe that suitable additional or substitute space will be available as needed to accommodate expansion of our operations.

Legal Proceedings

We are a party to legal proceedings which we consider routine and incidental to our business. Our management does not expect the results of any of these actions to have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

 

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MANAGEMENT

Executive Officers and Directors

The names of our executive officers and directors and their ages as of July 1, 2007 are as follows:

 

Name

   Age   

Position(s)

Diane B. Greene

   52    President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Carl M. Eschenbach

   40    Executive Vice President of Worldwide Field Operations

Mark S. Peek

   49    Chief Financial Officer

Rashmi Garde

   42    Vice President and General Counsel

Thomas J. Jurewicz

   42    Vice President of Finance

Joseph M. Tucci

   59    Chairman of the Board of Directors

Michael W. Brown

   61    Director

John R. Egan

   49    Director

David I. Goulden

   48    Director

David N. Strohm

   59    Director

Diane B. Greene has been a director of VMware since April 2007 and is a member of our Mergers and Acquisitions Committee. Ms. Greene is a founder of VMware and has served as its President and CEO from its inception in 1998. Ms. Greene has also served as an Executive Vice President of EMC since January 2005. Ms. Greene is also a director of Intuit Inc., a provider of business, financial management and tax solutions for small businesses, consumers and accountants.

Carl M. Eschenbach has been the Executive Vice President of Worldwide Field Operations at VMware since May 2005. Prior to joining VMware in 2002, he was Vice President of North America Sales at Inktomi from 2000 to 2002. He has also held various sales management positions with 3Com Corporation, Lucent Technologies and EMC.

Mark S. Peek has been the Chief Financial Officer at VMware since April 2007. Prior to joining VMware, he served as Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer of Amazon.com, Inc. from July 2002. Prior to joining Amazon.com in April 2000, Mr. Peek spent nineteen years at Deloitte & Touche, the last ten years as a partner.

Rashmi Garde has been the Vice President and General Counsel at VMware since September 2005. She joined the company in 2001. Prior to joining VMware, she was Senior Corporate Counsel at Electronics for Imaging, Inc., a printing technology company, and was an associate with Graham & James LLP and Fenwick & West LLP.

Thomas J. Jurewicz has been the Vice President of Finance at VMware since June 1999 when he joined the company. He acted as our principal financial officer from July 2006 through April 2007. Prior to joining VMware, he was Vice President of Finance at CMC Industries, Inc., a contract manufacturer for technology clients.

Joseph M. Tucci has been the Chairman of the Board of Directors of VMware since April 2007 and is a member of our Mergers and Acquisitions Committee. He is the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of EMC. Prior to joining EMC in January 2000, Mr. Tucci served as Deputy Chief Executive Officer of Getronics N.V., an IT services company, from June 1999 through December 1999 and as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Wang Global, an IT services company, from December 1993 to June 1999. Mr. Tucci is also a director of Paychex, Inc., a provider of payroll, human resources and benefits outsourcing solutions.

 

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Michael W. Brown has been a director of VMware since April 2007, is the chair of our Audit Committee and is a member of our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee. Mr. Brown has been an EMC director since 2005. From August 1994 to July 1997, Mr. Brown served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Microsoft Corporation. He was Vice President, Finance of Microsoft from April 1993 to August 1994. He joined Microsoft in December 1989 and served as Treasurer from January 1990 to April 1993. Prior to joining Microsoft, Mr. Brown spent 18 years with Deloitte & Touche LLP in various positions. Mr. Brown is also a director of Administaff, Inc., a professional employer organization providing services such as payroll and benefits administration, and Thomas Weisel Partners Group, Inc., a publicly traded investment bank.

John R. Egan has been a director of VMware since April 2007, is the chair of our Mergers and Acquisitions Committee and is a member of our Audit Committee. Mr. Egan has been a managing partner and general partner in Egan-Managed Capital, a venture capital firm, since October 1998. From May 1997 to September 1998, Mr. Egan served as Executive Vice President, Products and Offerings of EMC. From January 1992 to June 1996, he served as Executive Vice President, Sales and Marketing of EMC. Mr. Egan is also a director of EMC and NetScout Systems, Inc., a provider of network and application performance management solutions.

David I. Goulden has been a director of VMware since April 2007 and is a member of our Audit Committee and our Mergers and Acquisitions Committee. He is Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of EMC. Mr. Goulden served as EMC’s Executive Vice President, Customer Operations from April 2004 to August 2006. He served as EMC’s Executive Vice President, Customer Solutions and Marketing and New Business Development from November 2003 to April 2004 and as Executive Vice President, Global Marketing and New Business Development from July 2002 to November 2003. Prior to joining EMC, Mr. Goulden served in various roles, including as a member of the Board of Management, President and Chief Operating Officer for the Americas and Asia Pacific, at Getronics N.V.

David N. Strohm has been a director of VMware since April 2007, is the chair of our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee and is a member of our Mergers and Acquisitions Committee. He has been a Venture Partner of Greylock Partners, a venture capital firm, since January 2001 and was a General Partner of Greylock from 1980 to 2001. He is also a General Partner of several partnerships formed by Greylock. Mr. Strohm is also a director of EMC and was a director of LEGATO Systems, Inc. from its founding in 1988 until its acquisition by EMC in October 2003.

Board of Directors

Our board of directors is currently composed of six members. The board of directors will be divided into two groups, Group I and Group II. Each director elected by the holders of Class B common stock, voting separately as a class, will be designated Group I Members. The remaining directors will be designated Group II Members. Upon completion of this offering, Group I Members will constitute at least 80% of our board of directors. The board of directors will consist of at least five Group I Members and one Group II Member.

Upon the completion of this offering, the board of directors will be further divided into three classes, with each class serving for a staggered three-year term. The board of directors will consist of two class I directors, two class II directors; and two class III directors.  At each annual meeting of stockholders, a class of directors will be elected for a three-year term to succeed the directors of the same class whose terms are then expiring. The terms of the class I directors, class II directors and class III directors will expire upon the election and qualification of successor directors at the annual meeting of stockholders held during the calendar years 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. On the later of the closing of the investment, and the earlier of the completion of this offering and September 30, 2007, our board of directors will appoint a new board member, an Intel executive to be designated by Intel and acceptable to our board. At that time, our board of directors will increase the size of the board pursuant to the provisions of our certificate of incorporation.

A company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by a single entity is considered a “controlled company” under the New York Stock Exchange standards. A controlled company need not comply with the applicable New York Stock Exchange corporate governance rules requiring its board of directors to have

 

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a majority of independent directors and independent compensation and corporate governance and nominating committees. Because more than 50% of the voting power of our company will be held by EMC immediately following this offering, we will qualify as a “controlled company” under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange. Immediately following this offering, we will avail ourselves of the controlled company exception provided under those rules. However, we plan to voluntarily comply with the requirement that we have an independent compensation and corporate governance committee. We are not required to maintain compliance with these requirements. In the event that we are no longer a controlled company, we will be required to have a majority of independent directors on our board of directors and to have compensation and corporate governance and nominating committees that are composed entirely of independent directors, subject to a phase-in period during the first year we cease to be a controlled company.

Committees of the Board of Directors

Audit Committee

Our Audit Committee consists of Messrs. Brown, Goulden and Egan. Mr. Brown is the chair of the committee. Messrs. Brown and Goulden are our Audit Committee financial experts. The New York Stock Exchange corporate governance rules require that each issuer has an audit committee of at least three members, and that one independent director (as defined in those rules) be appointed to the audit committee at the time of listing, a majority within 90 days after listing and the entire committee within one year after listing. Mr. Brown is an independent director. We intend to modify the composition of the committee as needed to continue to comply with those rules.

Our Audit Committee will assist with board oversight of the integrity of our financial statements, our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, our independent auditor’s qualifications and independence and the performance of our internal audit function and independent auditor and prepares the report required to be prepared by the Audit Committee pursuant to the rules of the SEC for inclusion in our proxy statement. Our board of directors will adopt a written charter for the Audit Committee, which we will make available on our website.

Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee

Our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Messrs. Brown and Strohm, each an independent director. Our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee will recommend compensation for non-employee directors, evaluate and set compensation for the Chairman of our board of directors, our executive officers and monitor all general compensation programs. Subject to the terms of our compensation plans and the consent of the holders of our Class B common stock to the aggregate size of the annual equity award pool pursuant to the terms of our certificate of incorporation, our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee will have complete discretion to determine the amount, form, structure and implementation of compensation payable to our employees and executive officers, including, where appropriate, discretion to increase or decrease awards or to award compensation absent the attainment of performance goals and to award discretionary cash compensation outside of the parameters of our compensation plans.

Our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee will also oversee and advise the board of directors with respect to corporate governance matters, assist the board of directors in identifying and recommending qualified candidates for nomination to the board of directors, make recommendations to the board of directors with respect to assignments to committees of the board of directors and oversee the evaluation of the board of directors.

Mergers and Acquisitions Committee

Our Mergers and Acquisitions Committee consists of Ms. Greene and Messrs. Egan, Goulden, Strohm and Tucci. Mr. Egan is the chair of the committee. Our Mergers and Acquisitions Committee reviews with our management potential acquisitions, divestitures and investments.

 

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Director Compensation

On June 29, 2007, we granted 40,000 options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock to each of Michael W. Brown, John R. Egan and David N. Strohm, our non-employee directors. We have not paid any other compensation to members of our board of directors for their services as directors. After completion of this offering, our non-employee directors will receive an annual board retainer of $40,000. In addition, the chairperson of the Audit Committee will receive additional annual compensation of $25,000, and each other member of the Audit Committee will receive additional annual compensation of $12,500. The chairperson of the Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee and the chairperson of the Mergers and Acquisitions Committee will each receive additional annual compensation of $20,000, and each other member of these committees will receive additional annual compensation of $10,000. We will also reimburse our directors for reasonable expenses in connection with attendance at board and committee meetings.

Stock Ownership of Directors & Executive Officers

All of our outstanding common stock is currently owned by EMC and none of our officers or directors beneficially owns any shares of our common stock other than options granted to our non-employee directors on June 29, 2007. The following table sets forth information as of June 15, 2007 with respect to the beneficial ownership of EMC common stock by each of our directors and executive officers, and all of our directors and executive officers as a group. To our knowledge, except as indicated in the footnotes to this table or as provided by applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole investment and voting power with respect to the shares of common stock indicated.

 

Name

  

Number of Shares of
EMC

Common Stock
Beneficially Owned(1)

  

Percent of
Outstanding
Shares

Diane B. Greene(2)

   1,136,154    *

Carl M. Eschenbach(3)

   134,718    *

Mark S. Peek

   0    *

Rashmi Garde(4)

   53,520    *

Thomas J. Jurewicz(5)

   112,003    *

Joseph M. Tucci(6)

   8,889,205    *

Michael W. Brown(7)

   40,000    *

John R. Egan(8)

   2,160,594    *

David I. Goulden(9)

   1,928,941    *

David N. Strohm(10)

   731,176    *

Paul Auvil**

   19,275    *

All directors and executive officers as a group (11 persons)(11)

   15,205,586    *

*   Less than 1%.

 

**   Our former chief financial officer.

 

(1)   All amounts shown in this column include shares obtainable upon exercise of stock options currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this table, including, in the case of our executive officers, options which are eligible to be tendered in the exchange offer.

 

(2)   Ms. Greene is deemed to own 620,000 of these shares by virtue of options to purchase these shares, which options are eligible to be exchanged in the exchange offer.

 

(3)   Mr. Eschenbach is deemed to own 3,885 of these shares by virtue of options to purchase these shares, which options are eligible to be exchanged in the exchange offer.

 

(4)   Ms. Garde is deemed to own 9,000 of these shares by virtue of options to purchase these shares, which options are eligible to be exchanged in the exchange offer.

 

(5)   Mr. Jurewicz is deemed to own 74,194 of these shares by virtue of options to purchase these shares, which options are eligible to be exchanged in the exchange offer.

 

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(6)   Mr. Tucci is deemed to own 6,850,000 of these shares by virtue of options to purchase these shares.

 

(7)   Mr. Brown is deemed to own 10,000 of these shares by virtue of options to purchase these shares.

 

(8)   Mr. Egan is deemed to own 90,000 of these shares by virtue of options to purchase these shares.

 

(9)   Mr. Goulden is deemed to own 1,390,000 of these shares by virtue of options to purchase these shares.

 

(10)   Mr. Strohm is deemed to own 85,200 of these shares by virtue of options to purchase these shares.

 

(11)   Includes 9,132,279 shares of EMC common stock beneficially owned by all executive officers and directors as a group by virtue of options to purchase these shares. Excludes shares as to which such individuals have disclaimed beneficial ownership.

The address of each director and executive officer is: c/o VMware, Inc., 3401 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304. The business telephone number of each director and executive officer is (650) 427-5000.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of our executive officers has served as a director or member of a compensation committee of any other entity that has an executive officer serving as a member of our board of directors.

 

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COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Named Executive Officers

Our named executive officers are Diane B. Greene, President and Chief Executive Officer; Thomas J. Jurewicz, Vice President of Finance; Carl M. Eschenbach, Executive Vice President of Worldwide Field Operations; Rashmi Garde, Vice President and General Counsel; and Paul Auvil, former Chief Financial Officer. These individuals are referred to as the “Named Executive Officers.” Mr. Auvil voluntarily terminated employment on July 13, 2006.

Background

Prior to June 2007, the elements of the compensation of the Named Executive Officers were determined or approved by EMC. Accordingly, certain elements of the compensation payable to VMware employees, including the Named Executive Officers, relate to compensation arrangements designed by EMC prior to June 2007. These compensation arrangements, as well the compensation arrangements we have adopted since June 2007 and expect to adopt and maintain in the future, are discussed below. Our Compensation Committee may adopt new arrangements or alternative arrangements following this offering in addition to those discussed below.

Objectives of our Executive Compensation Program

It is expected that the objectives of our executive compensation program will be:

 

   

to motivate our executives to achieve our strategic, operational and financial goals;

 

   

to reward superior performance;

 

   

to attract and retain exceptional executives; and

 

   

to align the interests of our executives and our stockholders.

To achieve these objectives, our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee is expected to implement and maintain compensation plans that tie a substantial portion of our executive compensation to the achievement of pre-determined performance goals and the price of our Class A common stock. Our Compensation Committee may adopt other arrangements as it may determine from time to time to best meet our compensation objectives.

Elements of our Executive Compensation Program

Overview of Compensation Setting Process

Prior to June 2007, compensation for Ms. Greene, who is also an executive officer of EMC, was determined by EMC’s Compensation Committee. Except as noted below, compensation for Ms. Greene was determined by evaluating her role and responsibility and the competitive marketplace. EMC’s Compensation Committee did not “benchmark” Ms. Greene’s compensation to any particular level against the compensation paid by peer groups, but it did compare the elements of her compensation to the competitive marketplace since it reviewed the compensation paid to similarly situated executives at peer group companies. For more information on the peer group that was considered in setting Ms. Greene’s compensation, see “Peer Group” below.

In setting Ms. Greene’s compensation, the EMC Compensation Committee also compared the relative weightings of her base salary, cash incentive bonus opportunities and long-term equity grants and typically placed a strong emphasis on the cash bonus and equity components of the program. In 2006, base salary and cash bonus each represented 50% of her annual compensation opportunity. In a typical year, her long-term equity incentives would represent 80% to 90% of her annual compensation opportunity. In 2006, EMC did not grant any long-term equity incentives to the Named Executive Officers, other than Messrs. Jurewicz and Eschenbach, in light of the long-term equity incentives granted in 2005.

 

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With respect to the Named Executive Officers other than Ms. Greene, EMC’s Compensation Committee was not directly involved in setting their compensation, but did approve the equity awards granted to them by EMC. Prior to the constitution of our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee in June 2007, Ms. Greene, together with EMC’s and VMware’s human resources departments, determined the compensation levels of these Named Executive Officers by evaluating each Named Executive Officer’s role and responsibility and the competitive marketplace. The competitive marketplace for these individuals was determined by comparing the compensation of these individuals to the compensation payable to similarly situated employees with reference to survey data compiled for North American high technology companies with revenues of between $1 billion and $3 billion, North American software companies with revenues in excess of $1 billion and high technology and software companies in the San Francisco Bay area with revenues in excess of $1 billion. Although survey data was reviewed, compensation was not “benchmarked” to any particular level. In 2006, as in prior years, a strong emphasis was placed on the cash bonus and equity components of the compensation payable to these executives, but salary generally represents a larger portion of their overall compensation than in the case of Ms. Greene.

Peer Group

EMC’s Compensation Committee, with the assistance of its independent compensation consultant, Watson Wyatt Worldwide (“Watson Wyatt”), reviewed compensation from published technology industry surveys and from EMC’s peer group companies for purposes of comparing EMC’s executive compensation program with market practices. For 2006, EMC’s compensation peer group companies consisted of 20 companies: Accenture Ltd., Adobe Systems Incorporated, Analog Devices, Inc., Cisco Systems, Inc., CA, Inc., Computer Sciences Corporation, Dell Inc., Electronic Data Systems Corporation, Google Inc., Hewlett-Packard Company, Intel Corporation, International Business Machines Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, Network Appliance, Inc., Oracle Corporation, Perot Systems Corporation, Seagate Technology, Sun Microsystems, Inc., Symantec Corporation, and Yahoo! Inc.

To select the peer group companies, EMC, in consultation with Watson Wyatt, chose companies which compete for talent within EMC’s labor markets and which are primarily high technology companies with one or more of computer hardware, computer software or technology professional services businesses. The peer group companies are reviewed and approved by EMC’s Compensation Committee. The majority of the peers ranged in size from one-half to three times EMC’s size with respect to revenues, market capitalization and/or employee population. With respect to decisions pertaining to compensation paid to Ms. Greene, particular attention was paid by the EMC Compensation Committee to the software companies in the peer group.

EMC reviewed the executive compensation practices of the peer group companies in order to inform the EMC Compensation Committee’s decisions with respect to EMC’s executive compensation program. The EMC Compensation Committee did not base its compensation decisions with respect to compensation payable to Ms. Greene on any particular “benchmark” of compensation against that paid by its peer group or any other companies. Our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee, which is in the process of selecting an independent compensation consultant, may select different peer group companies from those selected by EMC and may or may not choose to “benchmark” compensation at any particular level relative to peer companies.

Base Salary

In general, base salaries for the Named Executive Officers are determined by evaluating the responsibilities of the executive’s position, the executive’s experience and the competitive marketplace. The competitive marketplace was determined with the use of survey data, as described under “Overview of the Compensation Setting Process.” Future base salary adjustments are expected to take into account changes in the executive’s responsibilities, the executive’s performance and changes in the competitive marketplace. Effective January 1, 2007, Mr. Jurewicz’s salary was increased by $5,000 and Ms. Garde’s base salary was increased by $7,500 in light of the factors described above.

 

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Cash Bonus Plans

The Named Executive Officers, as well as many of our employees, participate in our Company Bonus Program, or the Bonus Program. The annual target bonus opportunity under the Bonus Program has two components, the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan and the Management by Objectives Plan, or MBO. Although we do not specifically “benchmark” compensation at any particular level relative to our peer companies, we rely on survey data (including data on base salaries, bonus and on-target earnings to position our total compensation, including the variable compensation component (i.e., incentive bonus awards), at levels that are competitive with aggregate compensation provided to executives in similar positions at companies with comparable revenue levels and within comparable geographic areas and industries. Generally, 50% of a Named Executive Officer’s aggregate bonus opportunity is tied to the achievement of the Company’s goals under the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan (or, in Mr. Eschenbach’s case, the goals under the bookings compensation arrangement) and 50% of the aggregate bonus opportunity is tied to the achievement of the executive’s goals under the MBO. However, for Ms. Greene, 75% of her aggregate bonus opportunity is tied to the achievement of the goals under the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan and 25% of her aggregate bonus opportunity is tied to the achievement of her goals under the MBO.

Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan

Bonus opportunities under the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan are directly linked to our revenue goals and our profit contribution goals. Profit contribution is calculated by taking GAAP operating profit, and adding back or subtracting, as the case may be, amounts relating to stock-based compensation, certain charges from EMC, amortization of intangibles, including in process research and development charges, and the net impact of the cash elements of capitalized software development costs calculated pursuant to SFAS 86. Bonuses are payable based upon our achievement of both revenue and profit contribution targets for the first and second halves of each year. Revenue and profit contribution were chosen as the metrics under this plan because these are key metrics that drive our business. If a minimum of 80% of each of the targets is not achieved for each 6-month performance period, no bonuses are payable out under the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan. In addition, as set forth in greater detail below, for all of our Named Executive Officers, including Mr. Eschenbach, if a minimum of 80% of each of the revenue and profit contribution targets is not achieved for each six-month performance period, no MBO bonuses are paid.

Bonus payments under the plan are determined by multiplying a participant’s bonus target by one-half of the sum of the plan’s revenue factor and profit contribution factor. The revenue factor is determined by dividing the revenue performance by the revenue target, except that the revenue factor is increased by 2.5% for every 1% by which the revenue target is exceeded. The profit contribution factor is determined by dividing the profit contribution performance by the profit contribution target. The maximum revenue factor and profit contribution factor are each 150% of the applicable target, such that the maximum amount of bonus payments would be made if actual performance equals or exceeds 150% of target. The first half revenue and profit contribution targets for 2006 under the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan were $257,400,000 and $67,600,000, respectively; the second half revenue and profit contribution targets for 2006 were $337,530,000 and $82,410,000, respectively. Ms. Greene’s target cash bonus opportunity under the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan was $262,500 for 2006, with $131,250 for each of the first and second halves; Ms. Greene received a first half payment of $165,783 because VMware achieved 112.1% of its revenue target and 122.4% of its profit contribution target for the first half of 2006; Ms. Greene received a second half payment of $196,426 because VMware achieved 124.6% of its revenue target and 149.3% of its profit contribution target for the second half of 2006. Bonuses payable under the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan were calculated in the same manner for the other Named Executive Officers who participated in the plan, except that Mr. Auvil’s first half 2006 bonus was capped at his first half target bonus under the plan. The bonus opportunity for the first and second halves of 2006 were equal to the 50% of the annual targets for 2006 for each of the Named Executive Officers who participated in the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan.

The bonuses earned under this program for 2006 are set forth in the “Summary Compensation Table” (Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation Earnings) and, as noted above, represent achievement of more than 100% of

 

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the profit contribution target and the revenue target for 2006. The threshold, target and maximum bonus opportunities for each of the Named Executive Officers for 2006 are set forth in the table entitled “Grants of Plan Based Awards.”

Mr. Auvil was not eligible for a second-half bonus as a result of his voluntary termination of employment in July 2006. Mr. Eschenbach does not participate in the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan portion of the Bonus Program since he participates in a revenue bookings compensation arrangement, as described below.

The 2007 annual bonus opportunity for each of the Named Executive Officers who participate in the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan are unchanged from 2006, except that the revenues and profit contribution targets have been increased substantially for 2007. These targets have been set in connection with EMC’s board of directors’ consideration and approval of our 2007 annual operating plan.

Management by Objectives Plan

The MBO provides many of our employees, including our Named Executive Officers, with the opportunity to earn first- and second-half cash bonuses contingent upon corporate achievement of revenue and profit contribution targets and individual achievement of performance goals over the same period. The primary purpose of the MBO is to focus our employees on the completion of goals that will help us achieve our long-term strategic objectives. For each of our Named Executive Officers, including Mr. Eschenbach, the funding of the MBO for 2006 and 2007 is tied to the achievement of the revenue and profit contribution targets under the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan.

Performance of at least 80% of each of the revenue and profit contribution targets under the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan is required in order for the MBO to be funded. Additionally, achievement of at least 80% of the MBO goals is required to receive the threshold level of MBO bonus; if the executive achieves performance at or above the 80% threshold level, but less than the target level of performance, the executive’s MBO bonus payment will be equal to the corresponding percentage of the target MBO amount. The number of goals that may be assigned under the MBO for each six-month period can vary, as well as the relative weighting assigned to the goals. The number of individual performance goals assigned to the Named Executive Officers in the first and second halves of 2006 varied, but typically between four and eight individual performance goals were assigned in each six-month period. Individual performance goals pertained to product development, expanding market opportunities, developing strategic relationships with other companies, the performance of the group or area over which the Named Executive has authority and specific financial objectives.

Except as noted below, each of our Named Executive Officers received their target bonuses for the first and second halves of 2006 under the MBO because they achieved all of their individual performance goals and because the MBO was fully funded as the revenue and profit contribution targets under the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan were exceeded. Mr. Auvil received a payment equal to 80% of his first-half target since not all of his individual performance goals were achieved. Mr. Auvil was not eligible for a second-half bonus given his termination of employment in July of 2006.

Although achievement of the MBO goals for each of the Named Executive Officers requires significant and sustained effort, it is expected that individual performance goals under the MBO will be achieved by the Named Executive Officers and, historically, these goals have been achieved by the Named Executive Officers.

 

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Bookings Compensation Arrangement

Mr. Eschenbach also participates in our worldwide bookings compensation arrangement under which he is eligible to receive commissions based on bookings in the first and second halves of each year. For the first half of 2006, Mr. Eschenbach could earn a commission of $61,250 if target bookings were achieved, which reflected a commission rate determined as the ratio of the target bonus commission divided by the bookings target for the 6-month performance period (the “Commission Rate”). For performance in excess of the first-half bookings target and up to 110% of the first-half target, the Commission Rate was doubled for all bookings in excess of 100% of target, and for performance in excess of 110% of target, the Commission Rate was tripled for all bookings in excess of 110% of target. Since bookings in the first half of 2006 exceeded the target, Mr. Eschenbach received a first-half payment $67,545. For the second half of 2006, Mr. Eschenbach could earn a commission of $61,250 if target bookings for the second half of 2006 were achieved and could also receive increased commissions for performance in excess of target, as described above. Since bookings in excess of the second half target were achieved in the second half of 2006, Mr. Eschenbach received a second half payment $129,736. There is no maximum payout under the arrangement because the commission bonus is tied to revenue bookings which are not capped. The bookings targets were set in connection with EMC’s board of directors’ consideration and approval of our operating plan for 2006. Mr. Eschenbach’s targets were set at levels which, in the board’s view, could probably be achieved with sustained effort. Mr. Eschenbach’s bookings targets were challenging, and though viewed as achievable, were by no means certain to be achieved, particularly in light of the high rates of growth which we have experienced over the recent number of years, resulting in a higher degree of uncertainty as to whether those same rates of growth can be achieved in the future.

Mr. Eschenbach also received a discretionary bonus in the amount of $112,500 from EMC’s Chief Executive Officer in recognition of his strong performance in 2006.

The design of Mr. Eschenbach’s revenue bookings compensation arrangement for 2007 is generally unchanged, except that: (i) effective April 1, 2007, Mr. Eschenbach can earn first and second commissions of $100,000 if the applicable bookings targets are achieved and (ii) the bookings targets have been increased substantially. The Compensation and Governance Committee approved the increase in the amount of commissions which could be earned by Mr. Eschenbach if he achieves the new bookings targets established under our 2007 operating plan to ensure that his cash compensation opportunity is commensurate with the competitive market and appropriately reflects his contributions and leadership in driving VMware’s strong financial performance, while continuing to require significant effort to achieve the bookings targets and targeted bonus payout.

Long-Term Equity Incentives

We believe strongly that equity awards will align the interests of our employees with those of our stockholders. To facilitate this alignment, our board of directors adopted the 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan on June 5, 2007 and has authorized the exchange offer, which will allow our eligible employees to tender restricted EMC stock or vested and unvested EMC options for restricted VMware stock or unvested VMware options, respectively.

In June and July 2007, we made broad-based equity awards to our employees to help us achieve our strategic objectives by:

 

   

motivating our employees, including the Named Executive Officers, to achieve our financial goals;

 

   

promoting retention through the use of multi-year vesting schedules; and

 

   

aligning the interests of our employees, including the Named Executive Officers, with our stockholders because the value of our equity awards will be tied to increases in the value of our Class A common stock.

 

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Our employees, including the Named Executive Officers, have also been granted EMC stock options, EMC restricted stock and EMC performance-accelerated restricted stock, or PARs. In 2006, the only Named Executive Officers to receive equity awards from EMC were Messrs. Jurewicz and Eschenbach. EMC has not granted any equity awards in 2007 to the Named Executive Officers in light of the adoption of our 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan.

The stock options granted by EMC to our Named Executive Officers vest at the rate of 20% per year on each of the first five anniversaries of the grant date, subject to the recipient’s continued employment. The stock options were granted with an exercise price equal to the underlying value of EMC stock on the date of grant. In 2006, Mr. Jurewicz was granted an option to purchase 20,000 shares. In 2006, Mr. Eschenbach was granted a stock option to purchase 125,000 shares and a restricted stock award covering a total of 125,000 shares. Subject to continued service, one-third of the restricted shares will vest on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant. Mr. Eschenbach was granted these equity awards in light of retention concerns and in recognition of his responsibilities and performance.

In 2004, the only Named Executive Officer to be granted PARs was Ms. Greene. EMC granted PARs to all of the Named Executive Officers in 2005. The PARs granted by EMC to the Named Executive Officers and to our other employees vest on the fifth anniversary of their grant date, subject to the continued employment of the award recipient. A portion of the PARs may vest at an accelerated rate, generally with respect to one-third or one-quarter of the underlying shares in each of the first three or four years following grant, if annual performance goals are met. In 2004, Ms. Greene was granted 137,500 PARs. The EMC Compensation Committee approved the accelerated vesting of one-third of these PARs in respect of 2006 performance since we achieved the combined first- and second-half targets under the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan.

The PARS granted in 2005 to the Named Executive Officers required VMware to achieve profit contribution, defined as net income before taxes, interest expense and amortization of intangible assets, of $143 million and revenue of $500 million in 2006 in order for the 2006 tranche of the award to vest on an accelerated basis. These goals were established in 2005. Since these targets were achieved, the 2006 tranche of these awards vested on an accelerated basis. In the case of Mr. Eschenbach, the accelerated vesting of 30,000 of the PARs granted to him in 2005 were subject to EMC’s achievement of earnings per share targets. Since EMC achieved its 2006 earnings per share target of 63 cents, the 2006 tranche of this award vested on an accelerated basis.

As described below under “Exchange Offer,” VMware employees may tender their EMC equity awards for VMware equity awards. Through May 2007, the terms and conditions and the size of the equity awards granted to the Named Executive Officers were approved or determined by EMC. Since June 2007, the terms and conditions and the size of VMware equity awards have been, and in the future will be, determined or approved by our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee, subject to the consent of the holders of our Class B common stock to the aggregate size of the annual equity award pool pursuant to our certificate of incorporation.

2007 Equity and Incentive Plan

Our board of directors adopted the 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan on June 5, 2007. The plan is a comprehensive incentive compensation plan which permits us to grant both equity-based and non-equity based compensation awards to employees and independent contractors of VMware and its subsidiaries, to certain employees of EMC who are assigned to perform services exclusively for VMware and to our directors. The purpose of the plan is to attract, motivate and retain such persons and to encourage stock ownership by such persons, thereby aligning their interest with those of our stockholders.

Awards under the 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan may be in the form of stock options (either incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options), or other stock-based awards, including awards of restricted stock,

 

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restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights. The plan also provides for the grant of cash-based awards. The following is a summary of the principal types of awards available under the plan:

 

   

Stock Options.  Stock options represent the right to purchase shares of our Class A common stock within a specified period of time at a specified price. The exercise price for a stock option will be not less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Stock options will have a maximum term of ten years from the date of grant. Stock options granted may include those intended to be “incentive stock options” within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.

 

   

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units.  Restricted stock is a share of our Class A common stock that is subject to a risk of forfeiture or other restrictions that will lapse subject to the recipient’s continued employment or the attainment of performance goals. Restricted stock units represent the right to receive shares of our Class A common stock in the future (or cash determined by reference to the value of our Class A common stock), with the right to cash or future delivery of the shares also subject to the recipient’s continued employment or the attainment of performance goals.

 

   

Stock Appreciation Rights.  Stock appreciation rights entitle the holder upon exercise to receive cash or shares of our Class A common stock having a value equal to the excess of (i) the value of the number of shares with respect to which the right is being exercised (which value is based on fair market value at the time of such exercise) over (ii) the exercise price applicable to such shares. The exercise price for a stock appreciation right will be not less than 100% of the fair market value of our Class A common stock on the date of grant.

 

   

Other Stock-Based or Cash-Based Awards.  Our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee will be authorized to grant awards in the form of other stock-based awards or other cash-based awards, as deemed to be consistent with the purposes of the 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan. The maximum value of the aggregate payment with respect to cash-based awards under the 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan in respect of an annual performance period is $5 million.

The maximum number of shares reserved for the grant or settlement of awards under the 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan is 80 million, and not more than 3 million shares may be granted to any plan participant under the plan in any twelve-month period, subject in each case to adjustment in the event of a dividend or other distribution, recapitalization, stock split, reverse split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination, repurchase or share exchange or other similar corporate transaction. In addition to the shares referenced in the preceding sentence, the shares subject to awards granted pursuant to the exchange offer (described below) will be issued under the plan. Any shares subject to awards which are cancelled, forfeited or otherwise terminated or satisfied without the issuance of shares will again be available for grants under the plan.

Our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee administers the 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan. The Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee has the ability to: select individuals to receive awards; select the types of awards to be granted; determine the terms and conditions of the awards, including the number of shares, the purchase price of the awards, and restrictions and performance goals relating to any award; establish the time when the awards and/or restrictions become exercisable, vest or lapse; determine whether options will be incentive stock options; and make all other determinations deemed necessary or advisable for the administration of the plan. The Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee may grant awards which, in the event of a “change in control” of VMware, become fully vested and exercisable.

Under the 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan, awards are generally non-transferable other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. However, our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee in its sole discretion may grant transferable nonqualified stock options that upon becoming fully vested and exercisable may be transferred to a third-party pursuant to an auction process approved or established by VMware.

Our board of directors may amend, alter or discontinue the 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan, but no amendment, alteration or discontinuation will be made that would impair the rights of a participant under any

 

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award granted without such participant’s consent. In addition, stockholder approval may be required with respect to certain amendments, due to stock exchange rules or requirements of applicable law. The 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan, unless sooner terminated by our board of directors, will remain in effect through the tenth anniversary of its adoption.

In anticipation of becoming a public company, in June and July 2007, our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee made broad-based grants to our employees of options to purchase 35,679,411 shares of Class A common stock with an exercise price of $23.00 per share and issued 452,676 restricted stock units under the 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan. Subject to continued employment, 25% of the stock options will vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 75% of the stock options will vest in equal monthly installments thereafter over three years. Our active Named Executive Officers, as well as Mr. Peek, our Chief Financial Officer, received the following stock option grants:

 

Name

  

Shares Subject to

Stock Options

Diane B. Greene

   1,000,000

Carl M. Eschenbach

   350,000

Mark S. Peek

   250,000

Rashmi Garde

   200,000

Thomas J. Jurewicz

   100,000

Additionally, on June 29, 2007, we granted 40,000 options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock with an exercise price of $23.00 per share to each of Michael W. Brown, John R. Egan and David N. Strohm, our non-employee directors. The stock options are immediately exercisable upon grant and will terminate if not exercised within one year of the grant date. Shares acquired upon exercise of these options will be subject to our right of repurchase at the per share exercise price if the director terminates service other than for death or disability. The repurchase right will lapse with respect to one-third of the shares on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date.

Exchange Offer

In connection with the offering, we are conducting a voluntary exchange offer pursuant to which we are offering our eligible employees the ability to exchange their existing EMC options and restricted stock for options to purchase our Class A common stock and restricted Class A common stock, respectively, at an exchange ratio based upon EMC’s two-day weighted average trading price prior to the consummation of this offering and the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock. The exchange ratio is designed to preserve the intrinsic value of the tendered EMC awards. In this prospectus, we refer to this voluntary exchange offer as the “exchange offer.” We are making the exchange offer to eligible employees for compensatory purposes. Our board of directors believes that ownership by our employees of options to purchase our Class A common stock and restricted Class A common stock received in the exchange offer will serve as an effective tool to encourage stock option and restricted stock recipients to act in the VMware stockholders’ interest by enabling the option recipients to have an economic stake in our success.

We expect to commence the exchange offer on such date as to cause the exchange offer to expire concurrently with the pricing of shares in this offering. We believe that the proposed timing of the exchange offer relative to this offering, such that the initial value of the VMware options and restricted stock received by eligible employees in the exchange offer will be based upon the initial offering price of shares in this offering, will advance the compensatory objectives of the exchange offer and that tying equity compensation to the initial offering price of shares will provide eligible employees a strong incentive to participate in our potential growth from the time we become a public company.

All of our employees in the United States who hold EMC options and EMC restricted stock will be eligible to participate in the exchange offer. As of June 30, 2007, there were approximately 1,900 employees who would be eligible to participate in the exchange offer. Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $24.00 per

 

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share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) and an assumed EMC two-day weighted average trading price of $18.00 (which is representative of recent trading prices of EMC stock), a maximum of approximately 13.6 million shares of our Class A class common stock underlying options or in the form of restricted stock awards granted would be issued pursuant to the exchange offer, if all eligible employees tendered all of their EMC options and EMC restricted stock. The VMware awards will be governed by the terms of the 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan and generally the terms of the original EMC stock option or restricted stock agreement under which they were granted. VMware employees who elect not to tender securities in the exchange offer will continue to hold their EMC options and EMC restricted stock, which will remain subject to the terms of the applicable grant.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On June 5, 2007, our board of directors adopted an employee stock purchase plan that is intended to be qualified under Section 423 of the Code. A total of 6,400,000 shares of our Class A shares was reserved for issuance under the plan. Under the plan, our employees will be able to purchase shares at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the stock at the time of grant or 85% of the fair market value at the time of exercise. Options to purchase shares will first be granted under our employee stock purchase plan on the date this offering is consummated and will be exercisable on December 31, 2007. Thereafter, options to purchase shares will be granted twice yearly, on or about January 1 and July 1, and will be exercisable on or about the succeeding June 30 or December 31.

Retirement Benefits

Our employees, including our Named Executive Officers, are not provided with a defined benefit pension plan or any supplemental executive retirement plans, nor do we or EMC provide the Named Executive Officers with retiree health benefits. Our employees, including our Named Executive Officers, currently may participate in EMC’s 401(k) plan. This plan provides for a matching contribution of 6% of the employee’s contribution, up to a maximum of $3,000 per year. The 401(k) plan is provided as a standard element of compensation in the marketplace, designed to assist employees with retirement savings in a tax-advantaged manner. A matching contribution is made to attract and retain employees and because it provides an additional incentive for employees to save for retirement. It is expected that shortly after the consummation of the offering we will adopt a 401(k) plan for our employees and this plan will be similar in design to EMC’s 401(k) plan.

Perquisites

Except for reimbursing moving expenses and providing for temporary relocation expenses, we do not provide any perquisites to our Named Executive Officers. These limited perquisites are provided to attract executives to Palo Alto given the high cost of relocating to the Palo Alto area.

Post-Termination Compensation

Except for Mr. Jurewicz, who is entitled to a severance payment equal to three months of his annual salary if his employment is terminated without cause, we do not have “change in control” agreements or any severance agreements with our Named Executive Officers that provide for benefits upon termination of employment or upon a change in control. However, death benefits are provided to our employees by EMC, and EMC equity awards granted to our employees will vest in event of death, disability or retirement. In addition, EMC equity awards held by our employees will vest in accordance with EMC’s 2003 Stock Plan in limited circumstances, such as where EMC is liquidated or dissolved, or if EMC is not the surviving corporation to a merger and the surviving corporation does not issue replacement awards.

 

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Tax Deductibility

Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code generally disallows a tax deduction to public corporations for compensation greater than $1 million paid for any fiscal year to the corporation’s chief executive officer and four other most highly compensated executive officers as of the end of any fiscal year. However, performance-based compensation is not subject to the $1 million deduction limit if certain requirements are met. Our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee may consider the impact of Section 162(m) when designing our cash and equity bonus programs, but may elect to provide compensation that is not fully deductible as a result of Section 162(m) if it determines this is in our best interests.

Hedging Policy

We have adopted a policy prohibiting any of our directors or employees, including the Named Executive Officers, from “hedging” their ownership in shares of our common stock or other equity-based interests in us, including by engaging in short sales or trading in derivative securities relating to our common stock.

Allocation Between Forms of Compensation

In setting compensation for the Named Executive Officers, EMC does not have a formal policy for allocating a certain percentage of compensation between long-term and currently paid out compensation. However, EMC has emphasized long-term equity incentives for its key employees. These incentives represent a large portion of the compensation opportunity provided to the Named Executive Officers. We expect that our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee will place a similar emphasis on long-term equity incentives, and like EMC, will not adopt a formal policy for allocating between cash and non-cash compensation. The Named Executive Officers did not receive any non-cash compensation from EMC in 2006 other than shares of EMC’s common stock. Except for non-cash compensation payable in shares of our Class A common stock, we do not expect that non-cash compensation will make up more than a de minimis portion of the compensation payable to the Named Executive Officers.

Material New Hire

In April of 2007, we hired Mark Peek as our Chief Financial Officer at an annual base salary of $400,000 and with an annual bonus target of $225,000 under the Bonus Program. Mr. Peek received a sign-on bonus of $67,000 net of taxes and will receive relocation assistance of $7,000 per month for the first 24 months of his employment. We also agreed to grant Mr. Peek options to purchase 250,000 shares of our Class A common stock on the date of the consummation of this offering; however, since our Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee decided to grant stock options in advance of the offering, these options were granted to Mr. Peek on June 7, 2007.

In respect of equity that Mr. Peek forfeited when he left his prior employer, EMC had agreed to grant Mr. Peek EMC restricted stock awards with a value equal to the value of the stock options and restricted stock that Mr. Peek forfeited. Mr. Peek subsequently agreed that in lieu of these EMC equity awards he would instead be granted 433,216 VMware restricted stock units under the 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan. Mr. Peek’s restricted stock units have terms that provide for 3-year cliff vesting, with the opportunity for one-third of the restricted stock units to vest on the first two anniversaries of the grant date if the targets under the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan for the second half of 2007 are achieved. In addition, the restricted stock units will immediately vest if, following a change in control of VMware, Mr. Peek’s employment is terminated without cause or Mr. Peek terminates his employment because his duties have been diminished such that he no longer serves as a chief financial officer of a public company. These restricted stock unit awards were granted to Mr. Peek to recruit him from his prior employer. Going forward, it is not expected that the structure or amount of his compensation will be materially different from that provided to our Named Executive Officers.

 

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COMPENSATION OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Summary Compensation Table

The table below summarizes the compensation information in respect of the Named Executive Officers for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006. The amounts shown in the Stock Awards and Option Awards columns show the cost recognized under FAS 123R in respect of awards from prior years, not the actual amounts paid to or realized by the Named Executive Officers in 2006. For more information on FAS 123R, see footnote 1 below.

 

Name and

Principal Position

  Year  

Salary

($)

  

Bonus

($)

   

Stock

Awards(1)

($)

 

Option

Awards(1)

($)

 

Non-Equity

Incentive

Plan

Compen-

sation(2)

($)

 

Change in

Pension

Value and

Nonqualified

Deferred

Compen-

sation

Earnings

($)

 

All
Other

Compen-

sation(3)

($)

 

Total

($)

Diane B. Greene

  2006   350,000    —       4,222,824   1,394,567   449,708   —     —     6,417,099
President and Chief Executive Officer                   

Thomas J. Jurewicz

  2006   207,500    —       203,595   20,963   68,959   —     3,000   504,017
Vice President of Finance                   

Carl M. Eschenbach

  2006   355,000    112,500 (4)   921,534   134,593   319,781   —     3,000   1,846,408
Executive Vice President of Worldwide Field Operations                   

Rashmi Garde

  2006   250,000    —       326,027   17,150   89,194   —     3,000   685,371
Vice President and General Counsel                   

Paul Auvil(5)

  2006   151,875    —       58,333   37,275   49,500   —     2,250   299,233
Former Chief Financial Officer                   

(1)   The amounts shown represent the compensation costs for financial reporting purposes of previously granted EMC stock awards and EMC stock options recognized for the year ended December 31, 2006 under FAS 123R, rather than an amount paid to or realized by the Named Executive Officer. The FAS 123R value as of the grant date for stock awards and stock options is spread over the number of months of service required for the grant to become non-forfeitable. The amount disclosed disregards estimates of forfeitures of awards that are otherwise included in the financial statement reporting for such awards. Ratable amounts expensed for stock awards and stock options that were granted in years prior to 2006 are also reflected in this column. There can be no assurance that the FAS 123R amount will ever be realized. Given his termination of employment, Mr. Auvil forfeited 150,000 shares of restricted stock and stock options for 100,000 shares.
(2)   Represents incentive compensation earned for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 under the Bonus Program. $87,500, $22,000, $28,750, $122,500 and $37,500 was earned under the MBO component of the Bonus Program by Ms. Greene, Mr. Auvil, Mr. Jurewicz, Mr. Eschenbach and Ms. Garde, respectively. $362,208, $27,500, $40,209, and $51,694 was earned under the Revenue and Profit Contribution Plan component of the Bonus Program by Ms. Greene, Mr. Auvil, Mr. Jurewicz and Ms. Garde, respectively. Mr. Eschenbach earned $197,281 under his revenue bookings compensation arrangement. For more details on the Bonus Program, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Cash Bonus Plans.”
(3)   Represents a matching contribution to the EMC 401(k) plan.
(4)   Represents a discretionary bonus paid to Mr. Eschenbach at the discretion of EMC’s Chief Executive Officer.
(5)   Mr. Auvil voluntarily terminated employment on July 13, 2006.

 

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Grants of Plan-Based Awards

The following table sets forth information concerning non-equity incentive plan grants to the Named Executive Officers during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006. The non-equity incentive plans consist of the bonus plans that are described in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Cash Bonus Plans.” The actual amounts realized in respect of the non-equity plan incentive awards in respect of the 2006 fiscal year are reported in the Summary Compensation Table under the Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation column. The table also sets forth information with respect to stock awards and option awards granted by EMC during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006.

 

Name

  Grant
Date
 

Estimated Possible

Payouts Under

Non-Equity Incentive

Plan Awards

   

Estimated Future

Payouts Under

Equity Incentive

Plan Awards

  All
Other
Stock
Awards:
Number
of Shares
of Stock
or
Units (#)
  All Other
Option
Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Options (#)
   

Exercise

or Base

Price of
Option
Awards
($/Sh)

  Grant
Date Fair
Value of
Stock and
Option
Awards(1)
   

Threshold

($)

 

Target

($)

 

Maximum

($)

   

Threshold

(#)

 

Target

(#)

  Maximum
(#)
       

Diane B. Greene

  N/A   70,000   87,500   87,500 (2)     —     —     —     —     —       —     —  
    N/A   210,000   262,500   393,750 (3)                
 

Thomas J. Jurewicz

  5/3/2006         —     —     —     —     20,000 (4)   13.37   93,295
    N/A   24,900   31,125   31,125 (2)                
    N/A   24,900   31,125   46,688 (3)                
 

Carl M. Eschenbach

  5/3/2006         —     —     —     125,000   125,000 (5)   13.37   2,254,344
    N/A   98,000   122,500   122,500 (2)                
  <