6-K 1 f87551e6vk.htm FORM 6-K Wipro Limited, Form 6-K (12/31/2002)
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN ISSUER

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarter ended December 31, 2002

WIPRO LIMITED

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Karnataka, India

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Doddakannelli
Sarjapur Road
Bangalore, Karnataka 560035, India
+91-80-844-0011

(Address of principal executive offices)

     Indicate by check mark registrant files or will file annual reports under cover Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
Form 20-F   x      Form 40-F   o

     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g- 3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

     Yes   o      No   x

     If “Yes” is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to registrant in connection with Rule 12g-3-2(b)

     Not Applicable



 


CURRENCY OF PRESENTATION AND CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS
Forward-Looking Statements May Prove Inaccurate
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
WIPRO LIMITED                      UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (in thousands, except share data)
WIPRO LIMITED                      CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (in thousands, except share data)
WIPRO LIMITED                      UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands, except share data)
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Overview
2. Significant Accounting Policies
3. Acquisitions
4. Discontinued Operations
5. Cash and Cash Equivalents
6. Accounts Receivable
7. Inventories
8. Other Assets
9. Investment Securities
10. Property, Plant and Equipment
11. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
12. Other Current Liabilities
13. Operating leases
14. Investments in Affiliates
15. Financial Instruments and Concentration of Risk
16. Borrowings from Banks
17. Long-term Debt
18. Equity Shares and Dividends
19. Retained Earnings
20. Other Income, Net
21. Shipping and Handling Costs
22. Income Taxes
23. Employee Stock Incentive Plans
24. Earnings Per Share
25. Employee Benefit Plans
26. Related Party Transactions
27. Commitments and Contingencies
28. Segment Information
29. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Item2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations.
RISK FACTORS
Item 4.
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal proceedings
Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 3. Default upon senior securities
Item 4. Submission of matters to a vote of security holders.
Item 5: Other Information
Item 6: Exhibits and reports
SIGNATURES
Chief Executive Officer Certification
Chief Financial Officer Certification
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT 19.1
EXHIBIT 99.1


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CURRENCY OF PRESENTATION AND CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS

     Unless the context otherwise requires, references herein to “The Company” or to “Wipro” are to Wipro Limited, a limited liability company organized under the laws of the Republic of India. References to “U.S.” or “United States” are to the United States of America, its territories and its possessions. References to “India” are to the Republic of India. “Wipro” is a registered trademark of the company in India and the United States. All other trademarks or tradenames used in this Quarterly Report on Form 6-K (“Quarterly Report”) are the property of their respective owners.

     In this Quarterly Report, references to “$” or “dollars” or “U.S. Dollars” are to the legal currency of the United States, references to “£” or Pound Sterling are to the legal currency of United Kingdom and references to “Rs.” or “Rupees” or “Indian Rupees” are to the legal currency of India. The Company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and presented in Indian Rupees. The financial information is translated into U.S. Dollars for the convenience of the reader. Except as otherwise specified, financial information is presented in rupees. References to a particular “fiscal” year are to the Company’s fiscal year ended March 31 of such year.

     Unless otherwise specified herein, financial information has been converted into dollars at the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank (the “Noon Buying Rate”) as of December 31, 2002, which was Rs. 48.00 per $1. For the convenience of the reader, this Quarterly Report contains translations of certain Indian rupee amounts into U.S. Dollars which should not be construed as a representation that such Indian Rupee or U.S. Dollar amounts referred to herein could have been, or could be, converted to U.S. Dollars or Indian Rupees, as the case may be, at any particular rate, or at all. Any discrepancies in any table between totals and sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding.

Forward-Looking Statements May Prove Inaccurate

     In addition to historical information, this quarterly report contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The forward-looking statements contained herein are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis only as of the date hereof. In addition, readers should carefully review the other information in this quarterly report and in the company’s periodic reports and other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) from time to time.

 


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WIPRO LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)

                                         
  As of December 31,     As of March 31,  
 
   
 
  2001     2002     2002     2002  
 
   
   
   
 
              Convenience
translation into US$
       
  (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)        
 
       
ASSETS
                               
Current assets:
                               
   
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 5)
  Rs. 7,519,850     Rs. 13,794,103     $ 287,377     Rs. 7,377,200  
   
Accounts receivable, net of allowances (Note 6)
    5,069,243       6,863,680       142,993       5,980,903  
   
Costs and earnings in excess of billings on contracts in progress
    900,145       1,235,186       25,733       1,009,795  
   
Inventories (Note 7)
    1,461,623       1,463,127       30,482       1,402,146  
   
Investment securities (Note 9)
    4,728,553       529,841       11,038       5,043,334  
   
Deferred income taxes (Note 22)
    147,962       164,332       3,424       179,088  
   
Property, plant and equipment held for sale (Note 4)
          34,186       712        
   
Other current assets (Note 8)
    2,420,539       2,096,457       43,676       3,481,308  
   
 
   
     
     
     
 
       
Total current assets
    22,247,915       26,180,912       545,436       24,473,774  
 
Investment securities (Note 9)
    357,289                   450,833  
 
Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 10)
    6,291,373       6,825,451       142,197       6,261,857  
 
Investments in affiliates (Note 14)
    854,659       630,689       13,139       898,319  
 
Deferred income taxes (Note 22)
    136,909       323,435       6,738       265,149  
 
Intangible assets, net (Note 3,11)
    300       390,213       8,129       250  
 
Goodwill (Note 3, 11)
    699,548       4,069,222       84,775       656,240  
 
Purchase price pending allocation (Note 3)
          1,038,222       21,630        
 
Other assets (Note 8)
    746,152       923,110       19,231       748,165  
   
 
   
     
     
     
 
       
Total assets
  Rs. 31,334,145     Rs. 40,381,254       841,276     Rs. 33,754,587  
   
 
   
     
     
     
 
       
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                               
Current liabilities:
                               
 
Borrowings from banks (Note 16)
  Rs. 97,319     Rs. 60,544       1,261     Rs. 182,260  
 
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 17)
    136,350       81,500       1,698       78,993  
 
Accounts payable
    1,825,395       1,763,326       36,736       2,238,900  
 
Accrued expenses
    2,525,112       3,313,374       69,029       1,943,647  
 
Advances from customers
    750,896       915,124       19,065       1,121,107  
 
Deferred income taxes (Note 22)
    14,022                   29,392  
 
Other current liabilities (Note 12)
    516,115       636,640       13,263       493,950  
   
 
   
     
     
     
 
     
Total current liabilities
    5,865,209       6,770,508       141,052       6,088,249  
Long-term debt, excluding current portion (Note 17)
    29,770       9,770       204       29,770  
Deferred income taxes (Note 22)
    106,982       127,036       2,647       86,061  
Other liabilities
    63,924       82,385       1,716       93,240  
   
 
   
     
     
     
 
       
Total liabilities
    6,065,885       6,989,699       145,619       6,297,320  
   
 
   
     
     
     
 
Minority interest
          84,228       1,755        
Stockholders’ equity:
                               
Equity shares at Rs. 2 par value: 375,000,000 shares authorized; Issued and outstanding: 232,465,689, 232,439,524 and 232,547,145 shares as of March 31, 2002, December 31, 2001 and 2002 (Note 18)
    464,879       465,095       9,689       464,932  
Additional paid-in capital (Note 23)
    6,791,050       6,930,238       144,380       6,817,163  
Deferred stock compensation (Note 23)
    (114,686 )     (74,842 )     (1,559 )     (93,201 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (Note 9)
    25,780       (1,652 )     (34 )     51,861  
Retained earnings (Note 19)
    18,101,312       25,988,563       541,428       20,216,587  
Equity shares held by a controlled Trust: 1,321,335, 1,315,085 and 1,302,410 shares as of March 31, 2002, December 31, 2001 and 2002 (Note 23)
    (75 )     (75 )     (2 )     (75 )
   
 
   
     
     
     
 
       
Total stockholders’ equity
    25,268,260       33,307,327       693,903       27,457,267  
   
 
   
     
     
     
 
       
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  Rs. 31,334,145     Rs. 40,381,254     $ 841,276     Rs. 33,754,587  
   
 
   
     
     
     
 

     See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 


Table of Contents

WIPRO LIMITED
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except share data)

                                                             
            Three months ended December 31,   Nine months ended December 31,
           
 
            2001   2002   2002   2001   2002   2002
           
 
 
 
 
 
                            Convenience                   Convenience
                            translation into                   translation into
                            US$                   US$
Revenues:
                                               
 
Global IT Services and Products
                                               
   
Services
  Rs. 5,512,572     Rs. 7,379,257     $ 153,735     Rs. 15,780,117     Rs. 20,326,306     $ 423,465  
   
Products
    493,204                   899,871       80,343       1,674  
 
IT Enabled Services
          539,817       11,246             950,321       19,798  
 
India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products
                                               
   
Services
    401,432       563,653       11,743       1,380,039       1,585,000       33,021  
   
Products
    1,089,455       1,125,397       23,446       3,203,487       4,041,384       84,196  
 
Consumer Care and Lighting
    737,608       739,403       15,404       2,205,532       2,174,734       45,307  
 
HealthScience
                                               
   
Services
    58,932       150,009       3,125       181,544       318,769       6,641  
   
Products
    111,365       99,741       2,078       295,076       345,450       7,197  
 
Others
    197,558       273,631       5,701       481,703       751,573       15,658  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
     
Total
    8,602,126       10,870,908       226,477       24,427,369       30,573,880       636,956  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Cost of revenues:
                                               
 
Global IT Services and Products
                                               
   
Services
    2,927,116       4,334,240       90,297       8,437,735       11,824,570       246,345  
   
Products
    468,427                   826,055       76,430       1,592  
 
IT Enabled Services
          333,324       6,944             594,130       12,378  
 
India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products
                                               
   
Services
    259,770       290,013       6,042       904,292       819,542       17,074  
   
Products
    914,415       1,030,238       21,463       2,623,448       3,629,309       75,611  
 
Consumer Care and Lighting
    516,325       520,937       10,853       1,551,000       1,489,306       31,027  
 
HealthScience
                                               
   
Services
    36,533       75,791       1,579       109,402       169,972       3,541  
   
Products
    73,586       79,625       1,659       198,917       259,475       5,406  
 
Others
    171,860       190,436       3,967       417,720       554,676       11,556  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
     
Total
    5,368,032       6,854,604       142,804       15,068,569       19,417,410       404,529  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Gross profit
    3,234,094       4,016,304       83,673       9,358,800       11,156,470       232,426  
Operating expenses:
                                               
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    (984,744 )     (1,660,710 )     (34,598 )     (3,111,919 )     (4,395,797 )     (91,579 )
 
Research and development expenses
    (41,809 )     (42,147 )     (878 )     (109,207 )     (119,779 )     (2,495 )
 
Amortization of goodwill (Note 11)
    (42,141 )                 (129,923 )            
 
Amortization of intangible assets (Note 11)
    (100 )     (48,220 )     (1,005 )     (250 )     (95,170 )     (1,983 )
 
Foreign exchange gains, net
    5,540       81,278       1,693       172,692       321,235       6,692  
 
Others, net
    1,701       12,208       254       16,720       81,223       1,692  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Operating income
    2,172,541       2,358,713       49,140       6,196,913       6,948,182       144,754  
Other income, net (Note 20)
    269,247       233,641       4,868       626,402       625,921       13,040  
Income taxes (Note 22)
    (231,422 )     (337,051 )     (7,022 )     (691,344 )     (876,724 )     (18,265 )
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Income before share of equity in earnings /(losses) of affiliates and minority interest
    2,210,366       2,255,303       46,985       6,131,971       6,697,379       139,529  
Equity in earnings/(losses) of affiliates (Note 14)
    83,718       (47,697 )     (994 )     139,310       (258,630 )     (5,388 )
Minority interest
          (18,046 )     (376 )           (30,101 )     (627 )
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Income from continuing operations
    2,294,084       2,189,560       45,616       6,271,281       6,408,648       133,514  
Discontinued operations
                                               
 
Loss from operations of the discontinued corporate Internet services division (including loss on disposal of Rs.246,120 for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 and gain on disposal of Rs.3,100 for the three months ended December 31, 2002) (Note 4)
    (44,301 )     (11,918 )     (248 )     (87,992 )     (563,185 )     (11,733 )
 
Income tax benefit (Note 4, 22)
    15,815       2,977       62       31,413       158,979       3,312  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
   
Net income
  Rs. 2,265,598     Rs. 2,180,619     $ 45,430     Rs. 6,214,702     Rs. 6,004,442     $ 125,093  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Earnings per equity share: Basic
                                               
 
Continuing operations
    9.93       9.47       0.20       27.13       27.72       0.58  
 
Discontinued operations
    (0.12 )     (0.04 )           (0.24 )     (1.75 )     (0.04 )
 
Net income
    9.81       9.43       0.20       26.89       25.97       0.54  
Earnings per equity share: Diluted
                                               
 
Continuing operations
    9.91       9.45       0.20       27.10       27.68       0.58  
 
Discontinued operations
    (0.12 )     (0.04 )           (0.24 )     (1.75 )     (0.04 )
 
Net income
    9.79       9.41       0.20       26.86       25.93       0.54  
Weighted average number of equity shares used in computing earnings per equity share:
                                               
 
Basic
    231,126,150       231,217,558       231,217,558       231,132,818       231,186,761       231,186,761  
 
Diluted
    231,405,863       231,649,013       231,649,013       231,430,057       231,567,521       231,567,521  

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 


Table of Contents

WIPRO LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except share data)

                                           
                                           
      Equity Shares   Additional                
     
  Paid in   Deferred Stock   Comprehensive
      No. of Shares   Amount   Capital   Compensation   Income
     
 
 
 
 
Balance as of March 31, 2001
    232,433,019     Rs. 464,866     Rs. 6,785,652     Rs. (186,404 )        
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Cash dividends paid (Unaudited)
                             
Shares forfeited, net of issuances by Trust (Unaudited)
                             
Issuance of equity shares on exercise of options (Unaudited)
    6,505       13       7,051              
Net reversal of compensation related to employee stock incentive plan (Unaudited)
                (12,230 )     2,804        
Amortization of compensation related to employee stock incentive plan, (Unaudited)
                      68,914        
Income tax benefit arising on exercise of stock options (Unaudited)
                10,577              
Comprehensive income Net income (Unaudited)
                          Rs. 6,214,702  
 
Other comprehensive income Unrealized gain/(loss) on investment securities, net (Unaudited)
                            24,349  
 
                                   
 
Comprehensive income (Unaudited)
                                  Rs. 6,239,051  
 
                                   
 
Balance as of December 31, 2001 (Unaudited)
    232,439,524     Rs. 464,879     Rs. 6,791,050     Rs. (114,686 )        
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Cash dividends paid (Unaudited)
                             
Shares forfeited, net of issuances by Trust (Unaudited)
                             
Issuance of equity shares on exercise of options (Unaudited)
    26,165       53       28,363              
Net reversal of compensation related to employee stock incentive plan (Unaudited)
                (2,250 )     (442 )      
Amortization of compensation related to employee stock incentive plan (Unaudited)
                      21,927        
Comprehensive income Net income (Unaudited)
                          Rs. 2,115,275  
 
Other comprehensive income Unrealized gain/(loss) on investment securities, net (Unaudited)
                            26,081  
 
                                   
 
Comprehensive income (Unaudited)
                                  Rs. 2,141,356  
 
                                   
 
Balance as of March 31, 2002
    232,465,689     Rs. 464,932     Rs. 6,817,163     Rs. (93,201 )        
 
   
     
     
     
         
                                           
                      Equity Shares held by a        
      Accumulated Other           Controlled Trust   Total
      Comprehensive   Retained  
  Stockholders’
      Income   Earnings   No. of Shares   Amount   Equity
     
 
 
 
 
Balance as of March 31, 2001
  Rs. 1,431     Rs. 12,015,143       (1,280,885 )   Rs. (75 )   Rs. 19,080,613  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Cash dividends paid (Unaudited)
          (128,533 )                 (128,533 )
Shares forfeited, net of issuances by Trust (Unaudited)
                (34,200 )            
Issuance of equity shares on exercise of options (Unaudited)
                            7,064  
Net reversal of compensation related to employee stock incentive plan (Unaudited)
                            (9,426 )
Amortization of compensation related to employee stock incentive plan, (Unaudited)
                            68,914  
Income tax benefit arising on exercise of stock options (Unaudited)
                            10,577  
Comprehensive income Net income (Unaudited)
          6,214,702                   6,214,702  
 
Other comprehensive income Unrealized gain/(loss) on investment securities, net (Unaudited)
    24,349                         24,349  
 
                                       
Comprehensive income (Unaudited)
                                       
 
                                       
Balance as of December 31, 2001 (Unaudited)
  Rs. 25,780     Rs. 18,101,312       (1,315,085 )   Rs. (75 )   Rs. 25,268,260  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Cash dividends paid (Unaudited)
                             
Shares forfeited, net of issuances by Trust (Unaudited)
                (6,250 )            
Issuance of equity shares on exercise of options (Unaudited)
                            28,416  
Net reversal of compensation related to employee stock incentive plan (Unaudited)
                            (2,692 )
Amortization of compensation related to employee stock incentive plan (Unaudited)
                            21,927  
Comprehensive income Net income (Unaudited)
          2,115,275                   2,115,275  
 
Other comprehensive income Unrealized gain/(loss) on investment securities, net (Unaudited)
    26,081                         26,081  
 
                                       
Comprehensive income (Unaudited)
                                       
 
                                       
Balance as of March 31, 2002
  Rs. 51,861     Rs. 20,216,587       (1,321,335 )   Rs. (75 )   Rs. 27,457,267  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 

 


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      Equity Shares                      
     
  Additional                          
      Equity Shares   Paid in   Deferred Stock   Comprehensive  
      No. of Shares   Amount   Capital   Compensation   Income  
     
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends paid (Unaudited)
                             
Shares issued by Trust, net of forfeitures (Unaudited)
                             
Issuance of equity shares on exercise of options (Unaudited)
    81,456       163       88,352              
Net reversal of compensation related to employee stock incentive plan (Unaudited)
                24,723       (24,723 )      
Amortization of compensation related to employee stock incentive plan (Unaudited)
                      43,082        
Comprehensive income
                                       
Net income (Unaudited)
                          Rs. 6,004,442  
Other comprehensive income
                                       
Unrealized gain/(loss) on investment securities, net (Unaudited)
                            (53,513 )
 
                                   
 
Comprehensive income (Unaudited)
                                  Rs. 5,950,929  
 
                                   
 
Balance as of December 31, 2002 (Unaudited)
    232,547,145     Rs. 465,095     Rs. 6,930,238     Rs. (74,842 )        
 
   
     
     
     
Balance as of December 31, 2002 (Unaudited) ($)
          $ 9,689     $ 144,380     $ (1,559 )
 
           
     
     

 

                                                     
                  Equity Shares held by a    
      Accumulated Other           Controlled Trust   Total
      Comprehensive   Retained  
  Stockholders'
      Income   Earnings   No. of Shares   Amount   Equity
     
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends paid (Unaudited)
          (232,466 )                 (232,466 )
Shares issued by Trust, net of forfeitures (Unaudited)
                18,925              
Issuance of equity shares on exercise of options (Unaudited)
                            88,515  
Net reversal of compensation related to employee stock incentive plan (Unaudited)
                             
Amortization of compensation related to employee stock incentive plan (Unaudited)
                            43,082  
Comprehensive income
                                       
Net income (Unaudited)
          6,004,442                   6,004,442  
Other comprehensive income
                                       
Unrealized gain/(loss) on investment securities, net (Unaudited)
    (53,513 )                       (53,513 )
 
                                       
Comprehensive income (Unaudited)
                                       
 
                                       
Balance as of December 31, 2002 (Unaudited)
  Rs. (1,652 )   Rs. 25,988,563       (1,302,410 )   Rs. (75)   Rs. 33,307,327  
 
   
     
     
       
   
 
Balance as of December 31, 2002 (Unaudited) ($)
  $ (34 )   $ 541,428               $ (2 ) $ 693,903  
 
   
     
               
   
 

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 


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WIPRO LIMITED

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands, except share data)

                                 
  Nine months ended December 31,
 
            2001   2002   2002
           
 
 
                            Convenience
                            translation into
                            US$
Cash flows from operating activities:
                       
 
Net income
  Rs. 6,214,702     Rs. 6,004,442     $ 125,093  
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
     
Loss from operations of the discontinued corporate Internet services division
    56,579       404,206       8,421  
     
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment
    (16,720 )     (2,959 )     (62 )
     
Depreciation and amortization
    1,063,415       1,163,474       24,239  
     
Deferred tax charge / (benefit)
    101,638       (21,415 )     (446 )
     
Gain on sale of investment securities
          (331,098 )     (6,898 )
     
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
    59,488       43,082       898  
     
Equity in (earnings) / losses of affiliates
    (137,490 )     258,630       5,388  
     
Income tax benefits arising from exercise of stock options
    10,577              
     
Minority interest
          30,101       627  
     
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
       
Accounts receivable
    854,480       (573,004 )     (11,938 )
       
Costs and earnings in excess of billings on contracts in progress
    (789,705 )     (225,391 )     (4,696 )
       
Inventories
    5,474       (60,981 )     (1,270 )
       
Other assets
    (51,360 )     (566,161 )     (11,795 )
       
Accounts payable
    (23,211 )     (570,567 )     (11,887 )
       
Accrued expenses
    484,838       1,278,816       26,642  
       
Advances from customers
    (73,491 )     (160,539 )     (3,345 )
       
Other liabilities
    45,040       (180,007 )     (3,750 )
 
 
   
     
     
 
 
Net cash provided by continuing operations
    7,804,254       6,490,629       135,221  
 
Net cash provided by/(used in) discontinued operations
    (38,560 )     27,261       568  
 
 
   
     
     
 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
    7,765,694       6,517,890       135,789  
 
 
   
     
     
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
                       
 
Expenditure on property, plant and equipment
    (1,869,639 )     (1,555,405 )     (32,404 )
 
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
    79,012       84,634       1,763  
 
Dividends received from affiliates
          49,000       1,021  
 
Purchase of investment securities
    (2,448,058 )     (5,255,270 )     (109,485 )
 
Proceeds from sale and maturities of investment securities
    77,037       10,066,301       209,715  
 
Investment in inter-corporate deposits
    (43,991 )            
 
Redemption/maturity of inter-corporate deposits
          1,828,853       38,101  
 
Payment for acquisitions, net of cash acquired
          (5,035,940 )     (104,915 )
 
 
   
     
     
 
 
Net cash provided by/(used in) continuing operations
    (4,205,639 )     182,173       3,795  
 
Net cash provided by/(used in) discontinued operations
    (36,978 )            
 
 
   
     
     
 
 
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
    (4,242,617 )     182,173       3,795  
 
 
   
     
     
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
                       
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
    7,064       88,515       1,844  
 
Proceeds from / (repayments of) short-term borrowing from banks, net
    (249,332 )     (121,716 )     (2,536 )
 
Repayment of long-term debt
    (1,255,107 )     (17,493 )     (364 )
 
Payment of cash dividends
    (128,533 )     (232,466 )     (4,843 )
 
 
   
     
     
 
 
Net cash used in financing activities
    (1,625,908 )     (283,160 )     (5,899 )
 
 
   
     
     
 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents during the period
    1,897,169       6,416,903       133,685  
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
    5,622,681       7,377,200       153,692  
 
 
   
     
     
 
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period
  Rs. 7,519,850     Rs. 13,794,103     $ 287,377  
 
 
   
     
     
 
Supplementary information:
                       
   
Cash paid for interest
  Rs. 60,186     Rs. 18,232     $ 380  
   
Cash paid for taxes
    896,443       1,141,075       23,772  

    During the nine months ended December 31, 2002, the Company acquired a 5.9% equity interest in WeP Peripherals through conversion of debentures with a carrying value of Rs. 40,000.

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 


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WIPRO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share data and where otherwise stated)

1. Overview

     Wipro Limited (Wipro), together with its subsidiaries Wipro Inc., Wipro Holdings (Mauritius) Limited, Wipro Prosper Limited, Wipro Welfare Limited, Wipro Trademarks Holdings Limited, Wipro Japan KK, Wipro Fluid Power Limited, Wipro Spectramind Services Private Limited, Wipro HealthCare IT Limited and affiliates WeP Peripherals Limited and Wipro GE Medical Systems Limited (collectively, the Company) is a leading India based provider of IT Services and Products, and IT Enabled Services globally. Further, Wipro has other businesses such as India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products, Consumer Care and Lighting and HealthScience. Wipro is headquartered in Bangalore, India.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

     The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

     Basis of preparation of financial statements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

     Functional currency. The functional and reporting currency of the Company is the Indian rupee as a significant portion of the Company’s activities are conducted in India.

     Convenience translation. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in Indian rupees, the national currency of India. Solely for the convenience of the readers, the financial statements as of and for the period ended December 31, 2002 have been translated into United States dollars at the noon buying rate in New York City on December 31, 2002, for cable transfers in Indian rupees, as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York of $1=Rs. 48.00. No representation is made that the Indian rupee amounts have been, could have been or could be converted into United States dollars at such a rate or any other rate.

     Principles of consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Wipro and all of its subsidiaries, which are more than 50% owned and controlled. All material inter-company accounts and transactions are eliminated on consolidation. The Company accounts for investments by the equity method where its investment in the voting stock gives it the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee.

     Cash equivalents. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with remaining maturities, at the date of purchase/investment, of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

     Revenue recognition. Revenues from software development services comprise income from time-and-material and fixed-price contracts. Revenue with respect to time-and-material contracts is recognized as related services are performed. Revenue with respect to fixed-price contracts is recognized in accordance with the percentage of completion method of accounting. Provisions for estimated losses on contracts-in-progress are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. Maintenance revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the agreement. Revenue from customer training, support, and other services is recognized as the related service is performed. Revenue from sale of goods is recognized, in accordance with the sales contract, on dispatch from the factories/warehouses of the Company, except for contracts where a customer is not obligated to pay a portion of contract price allocable to the goods until installation or similar service has been completed. In these cases, revenue is recognized on completion of installation. Revenues from multiple-element arrangements are allocated among separate elements based on the fair value of each element.

 


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     Revenues from IT Enabled Services are derived from both time-based and unit-priced contracts. Revenue is recognized as the related services are performed, in accordance with the specific terms of the contracts with the customer.

     When the Company receives advance payments from customers for sale of products or provision of services, such payments are reported as advances from customers until all conditions for revenue recognition are met. Revenues from product sales are shown net of excise duty, sales tax and applicable discounts and allowances.

     Effective April 1, 2001, the Company adopted Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 00-14: Accounting for Certain Sales Incentives, EITF Issue No. 00-22: Accounting for “Points” and Certain Other Time-based or Volume-based Sales Incentive Offers, and Offers for Free Products or Services to be Delivered in the Future and EITF Issue No. 00-25: Vendor Income Statement Characterization of Consideration from a Vendor to a Retailer.

     Shipping and handling costs: Shipping and handling costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

     Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and market value. Cost is determined using the weighted average method for all categories of inventories.

     Investment securities. The Company classifies its debt and equity securities in one of the three categories: trading, held-to-maturity or available-for-sale, at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such classifications as of each balance sheet date. Trading and available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost, adjusted for the amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts. Unrealized holding gains and losses on trading securities are included in income. Temporary unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, on available-for-sale securities are excluded from income and are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity until realized. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities are determined on a specific identification basis and are included in income. A decline in the fair value of any available-for-sale or held-to-maturity security below cost that is deemed to be other than temporary results in a reduction in carrying amount to fair value. Fair value is based on quoted market prices. Non-readily marketable equity securities for which there is no readily determinable fair value are recorded at cost, subject to an impairment charge for any other than temporary decline in value. The impairment is charged to income.

     Investments in affiliates. The Company’s equity in the earnings/(losses) of affiliates is included in the statement of income and the Company’s share of net assets of affiliates is included in the balance sheet.

     Shares issued by subsidiary/affiliate. The issuance of stock by a subsidiary/affiliate to third parties reduces the proportionate ownership interest in the investee. Unless the issuance of such stock is part of a broader corporate reorganization or unless realization is not assured, the Company recognizes a gain or loss, equal to the difference between the issuance price per share and the Company’s carrying amount per share. Such gain or loss is recognized in the statement of income when the transaction occurs.

     Property, plant and equipment. Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. The Company depreciates property, plant and equipment over the estimated useful life using the straight-line method. Assets under capital lease are amortized over their estimated useful life or the lease term, as appropriate. The estimated useful lives of assets are as follows:

         
Buildings
  30 to 60 years
Plant and machinery
  2 to 21 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
  2 to 5 years
Vehicles
  4 years
Computer software
  2 years

     Software for internal use is primarily acquired from third-party vendors and is in ready to use condition. Costs for acquiring this software are capitalized and subsequent costs are charged to the statement of income. The capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software.

 


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     Deposits paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding as of each balance sheet date and the cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for use before such date are disclosed under capital work-in-progress. The interest cost incurred for funding an asset during its construction period is capitalized based on the actual investment in the asset and the average cost of funds. The capitalized interest is included in the cost of the relevant asset and is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset.

     Business combinations goodwill and intangible assets. In July 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 141, which requires that the purchase method of accounting be used for all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001. SFAS No. 141 also specifies the criteria that intangible assets acquired in a purchase method business combination must meet to be recognized and reported apart from goodwill, noting that any purchase price allocated to an assembled workforce may not be accounted separately.

     On April 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Adoption of SFAS No. 142 did not result in reclassification of existing goodwill and intangible assets.

     As required by SFAS No. 142, the Company identified its reporting units and assigned assets and liabilities, including goodwill to the reporting units on the date of adoption. Subsequently, the Company compared the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, to determine whether goodwill is impaired at the date of adoption. This transitional impairment evaluation did not indicate an impairment loss.

     Subsequent to the adoption of SFAS No. 142, the Company does not amortize goodwill but will instead test goodwill for impairment at least annually. The carrying value of the goodwill on the date of adoption was Rs. 656,240.

The following table discloses what reported income from continuing operations, net income and basic and diluted earnings per share would have been in all periods presented, excluding amortization of goodwill:

                 
    Nine months ended December 31,
   
    2001   2002
   
 
    (unaudited)   (unaudited)
Income from continuing operations, as reported
  Rs. 6,271,281     Rs. 6,408,648  
Add: Amortization of goodwill
    129,923        
 
   
     
 
Income from continuing operations, adjusted
    6,401,204       6,408,648  
 
   
     
 
Earnings per share:
Basic Continuing operations, as reported
    27.13       27.72  
Add: Amortization of goodwill
    0.56        
 
   
     
 
Continuing operations, adjusted
    27.69       27.72  
 
   
     
 
Earnings per share:
Diluted Continuing operations, as reported
    27.10       27.68  
Add: Amortization of goodwill
    0.56        
 
   
     
 
Continuing operations, adjusted
    27.66       27.68  
 
   
     
 
                 
    Nine months ended December 31,
   
    2001   2002
   
 
    (unaudited)   (unaudited)
         
Net income, as reported
  Rs. 6,214,702     Rs. 6,004,442  
Add: Amortization of goodwill
    129,923        
 
   
     
 
Net income, adjusted
    6,344,625       6,004,442  
 
   
     
 
Earnings per share:
Basic Net income, as reported
    26.89       25.97  
Add: Amortization of goodwill
    0.56        
 
   
     
 
Net income, adjusted
    27.45       25.97  
 
   
     
 
Earnings per share:
Diluted Net income, as reported
    26.86       25.93  
Add: Amortization of goodwill
    0.56        
 
   
     
 
Net income, adjusted
    27.42       25.93  
 
   
     
 

 


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     Intangible assets acquired individually, with a group of other assets or in a business combination are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. The intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives in proportion to the economic benefits consumed in each period. The estimated useful lives of the intangible assets are as follows:

         
Customer-related intangibles
  3 years
Marketing-related intangibles
  2 years
Technology-based intangibles
  5 years

     Start-up costs. Cost of start-up activities including organization costs are expensed as incurred.

     Research and development. Revenue expenditure on research and development is expensed as incurred. Capital expenditure incurred on equipment and facilities that are acquired or constructed for research and development activities and having alternative future uses, is capitalized as tangible assets when acquired or constructed. Software product development costs are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility is achieved.

     Impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. Effective April 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. While SFAS No. 144 supersedes SFAS No. 121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of, it retains the fundamental provisions of SFAS No. 121.

     SFAS No. 144 also supersedes the accounting and reporting provisions of APB Opinion No. 30 Reporting the Results of Operations – Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions, for the disposal of a segment of a business. However, SFAS No. 144 retains the requirement of APB Opinion No. 30 to separately report discontinued operations and extends that reporting to a component of an entity that an entity has disposed of, or classified as held-for-sale. SFAS No. 144 requires that the Company measures long-lived assets held-for-sale, at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell. Similarly, under SFAS No. 144, discontinued operations are no longer measured at net realizable value or include amounts for operating losses that have not yet been incurred.

     Foreign currency transactions. The functional and reporting currency of the Company is the Indian rupee. Foreign currency transactions are translated into Indian rupees at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the respective transactions. Assets and liabilities in foreign currency are translated into Indian rupees at the exchange rate prevailing on the balance sheet date. The resulting exchange gains/losses are included in the statement of income.

     Earnings per share. In accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share, basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the period, using the treasury stock method for options and warrants, except where the results would be antidilutive.

     Income taxes. Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefits of which future realization is uncertain.

     Stock-based compensation. The Company uses the intrinsic value based method of Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25 to account for its employee stock based compensation plans. The Company has therefore adopted the pro forma disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

 


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as amended by SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation – Transition and Disclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123.

     Had compensation cost been determined in a manner consistent with the fair value approach described in SFAS No. 123, the Company’s net income and earnings per share as reported would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts indicated below:

                     
        Nine months ended December 31,
       
        2001   2002
       
 
        (unaudited)   (unaudited)
Net income, as reported
  Rs. 6,214,702     Rs. 6,004,442  
 
Add: Stock–based employee compensation expense included in reported net income, net of tax effects
    59,488       43,082  
 
Less: Stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method, net of tax effects
    1,416,741       2,602,662  
   
Pro forma net income
    4,857,449       3,444,862  
Earnings per share: Basic
   
As reported
    26.89       25.97  
   
Pro forma
    21.02       14.90  
Earnings per share: Diluted
   
As reported
    26.86       25.93  
   
Pro forma
    21.02       14.89  

     The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions.

                 
    Nine months ended December 31,
   
    2001   2002
   
 
    (unaudited)   (unaudited)
Dividend yield
    0.03 %     0.03 %
Expected life
  42 months   42 months
Risk free interest rates
    11 %     8.5 %
Volatility
    45 %     65 %

     Derivatives and hedge accounting. On April 1, 2001, Wipro adopted SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities as amended, when the rules became effective for companies with fiscal year ending March 31.

     The Company enters into forward foreign exchange contracts where the counterparty is generally a bank. The Company purchases forward foreign exchange contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates on accounts receivable and forecasted cash flows denominated in certain foreign currencies. Although these contracts are effective as hedges from an economic perspective, they do not qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS No. 133, as amended. Any derivative that is either not designated as a hedge, or is so designated but is ineffective per SFAS No. 133, is marked to market and recognized in income immediately. No initial transition adjustments were required to adopt SFAS No. 133.

     Recent accounting pronouncements. In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations. SFAS No. 143 requires entities to record the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred. When the liability is initially recorded, the entity capitalizes a cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value each period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of the liability, an entity either settles the obligation for its recorded amount or incurs a gain or loss upon settlement. SFAS No. 143 is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2002. Adoption of SFAS No. 143, will not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

     In April 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 145, Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44 and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections. SFAS No. 145 provides for the rescission of

 


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several previously issued accounting standards, new accounting guidance for the accounting for certain lease modifications and various technical corrections that are not substantive in nature to existing pronouncements. SFAS No. 145 will be adopted beginning January 1, 2003, except for the provisions relating to the amendment of SFAS No.13, which were adopted for transactions occurring subsequent to May 15, 2002. Adoption of SFAS No. 145 will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

     In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities. SFAS No. 146 requires companies to recognize costs associated with exit or disposal activities when they are incurred rather than at the date of a commitment to an exit or disposal plan. SFAS No. 146 is to be applied prospectively to exit or disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. Adoption of SFAS No. 146 will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

     In November 2002, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation (FIN) No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others. FIN No. 45 requires a guarantor to include disclosure of certain obligations, and if applicable, at the inception of the guarantee, recognize a liability for the fair value of certain other obligations undertaken in issuing a guarantee. The recognition requirements are effective for guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. Adoption of FIN No. 45 will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

     In November 2002, the EITF issued Issue No. 00-21, Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. This issue addresses determination of whether an arrangement involving more than one deliverable contains more than one unit of accounting and how arrangement consideration should be measured and allocated to the separate units of accounting. EITF Issue No. 00-21 is effective for revenue arrangements entered into in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2003. Alternatively, the Company may elect to report the change in accounting as a cumulative-effect adjustment. The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption of EITF Issue No. 00-21 on its consolidated financial statements.

     In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123. SFAS No. 148 amends SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, SFAS No. 148 amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 148 are applicable for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2002. The Company continues to use the intrinsic value based method of APB Opinion No. 25 to account for its employee stock based compensation plans. The disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 148 have been adopted by the Company for the nine months ended December 31, 2002.

     In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities- an interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51. FIN No. 46 is applicable to all variable interest entities created after January 31, 2003. In respect of variable interest entities created before February 1, 2003, FIN No. 46 will be applicable from fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2003. The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption of FIN No. 46 on its consolidated financial statements.

     Reclassifications. The Company has reclassified certain costs for nine months ended December 31, 2001, from selling, general and administrative expenses to cost of revenues to conform to the current presentation. The impact of this reclassification on reported gross profit is Rs. 249,746 which is not material. Certain other reclassifications have been made to conform prior period data to the current presentation. The above reclassifications had no impact on reported net income or stockholders’ equity.

3. Acquisitions

     Wipro Spectramind Services Private Limited (Spectramind)

     As of June 30, 2002, the Company held a 15% equity interest in Spectramind, acquired for a consideration of Rs. 192,000. Additionally, the Company held non-voting convertible preference shares acquired for a consideration

 


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of Rs. 288,000, which were convertible into equity shares, on occurrence of events specified in the shareholders agreement. As this voting equity interest did not give Wipro the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Spectramind, the investment was recorded at cost.

     In July 2002, the Company acquired a controlling equity interest in Spectramind at an additional cost of Rs. 3,696,552. Consequent to this acquisition, the Company held 89% of the outstanding equity shares of Spectramind. Subsequently, the Company acquired an additional 3% of the outstanding equity shares for Rs. 158,126. The results of operations of Spectramind are consolidated in the Company’s financial statements with effect from July 1, 2002.

     Spectramind is a leading IT-Enabled Service provider in India providing remote processing services to large global corporations in the US, UK, Australia and other developed markets. The acquisition is intended to provide a time to market advantage to the Company in addressing the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) services segment, strengthen the value proposition of being an end-to-end outsourcing solution provider to large corporations and provide synergistic benefits of being able to address the remote processing services requirements of the existing customer base of the Company.

     The total purchase price has been allocated on a preliminary basis to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities as follows :

         
Description   Fair value

   
 
    (Unaudited)
Net tangible assets
  Rs. 633,913  
Customer-related intangibles
    356,000  
Marketing-related intangibles
    32,000  
Goodwill
    3,312,765  
 
   
 
Total
  Rs. 4,334,678  
 
   
 

     The purchase consideration has been allocated on a preliminary basis to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on management’s estimates and independent appraisals. However, certain independent appraiser’s reports are yet to be received by the Company. Finalization of the purchase price allocation, which is expected to be completed in the next 3 months, may result in certain adjustments to the above allocation.

     In January 2003, the Company acquired the balance 8% of the outstanding equity shares for a consideration of Rs. 264,534.

     Wipro Healthcare IT Limited (Wipro Healthcare IT)

     In August 2002, Wipro acquired a 60% equity interest in Wipro Healthcare IT, an India-based company engaged in the development of health care related software, and the technology rights in the business of Wipro Healthcare IT for an aggregate consideration of Rs. 180,776. On December 31, 2002, the Company acquired the balance 40% equity interest for an aggregate consideration of Rs. 96,980.

     The Company intends to address the market for healthcare information systems in India and South Asia through Wipro Healthcare IT. Further, the Company intends to leverage the domain expertise of Wipro Healthcare IT in addressing the outsourcing requirements of large corporations engaged in the design, development and integration of healthcare information systems.

     The total purchase price has been preliminarily allocated to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities as follows:

         
Description   Fair value

   
    (Unaudited)
Net tangible assets
  Rs. 80,406  
Technology-based intangibles
    34,000  
Customer-related intangibles
    63,133  
Goodwill
    100,217  
 
   
 
Total
  Rs. 277,756  
 
   
 

 


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     The purchase consideration has been allocated on a preliminary basis to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on management’s estimates. However, management is in the process of evaluating the impact of certain pre-acquisition contingencies on the purchase price allocation. Finalization of the purchase price allocation, which is expected to be completed in the next 3 months, may result in certain adjustments to the above allocation.

     Global energy practice (GEP)

     On December 31, 2002, Wipro acquired the global energy practice of American Management Systems for an aggregate consideration of Rs. 1,180,415. GEP has a team of domain experts and IT consultants providing specialized IT services to clients in the energy and utilities sector. This acquisition enhances Wipro’s ability to deliver end-to-end IT solutions primarily in the areas of design and maintenance of complex billing and settlement systems for energy markets and systems and enterprise application integration services.

     Of the total consideration of Rs. 1,180,415, the Company has allocated, on a preliminary basis, Rs. 142,193 to the net tangible assets acquired. The balance consideration has been reported as purchase price pending allocation. The Company is in the process of obtaining appraisal reports and related information to finalize the allocation of the purchase price. This process is expected to be completed in the next 3 months.

4. Discontinued Operations

     The Company was involved in the corporate Internet services (ISP) business since 1999. For strategic reasons, the Company decided to concentrate on its core businesses and as a result in June 2002, the Company decided to exit this division and approved a formal plan of disposal. Under the plan, the Company will sell the customer contracts and the related long-lived assets. Trade receivables relating to the division will be recovered by the Company and the Company will settle all outstanding vendor obligations. The Company currently expects to complete the disposal by March 31, 2003.

     The long-lived assets of the division have been reported as held-for-sale and are measured at their fair value, less cost to sell, which is lower than their carrying amount. The loss of Rs. 274,780 resulting from the write-down is reported as loss on disposal. The estimated liabilities with respect to settlement of vendor obligations aggregate Rs. 113,490 and have been reported as other exit costs.

     The operations of the ISP division qualify as a component of an entity, being an asset group. As the operations and cash flows of the component will be eliminated from the ongoing operations as a result of the disposal transaction and the Company will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal, the results of operations of the ISP division are reported in discontinued operations for the current and prior periods.

     The result of operations of the discontinued component comprise:

                 
    Nine months ended December 31
   
    2001   2002
   
 
    (Unaudited)   (Unaudited)
Revenue
  Rs. 386,508     Rs. 67,259  
Operating costs
    (474,500 )     (270,834 )
Other exit costs
          (113,490 )
Loss on disposal
          (246,120 )
Income tax benefit
    31,413       158,979  
 
   
     
 
Loss on discontinued operations
  Rs. 56,579     Rs. 404,206  
 
   
     
 

5. Cash and Cash Equivalents

     Cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2002, December 31, 2001 and 2002 comprise of cash, cash on deposit with banks and highly liquid money market instruments.

 


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6. Accounts Receivable

     Accounts receivable as of March 31, 2002, December 31, 2001 and 2002 are stated net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based on present and prospective financial condition of its customers and aging of the accounts receivable. Accounts receivable are generally not collateralized.

     The activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable is given below:

                         
    Nine months ended December 31,   Year ended March 31,
   
 
    2001   2002   2002
   
 
 
    (unaudited)   (unaudited)        
Balance at the beginning of the period
  Rs. 297,884     Rs. 491,644     Rs. 297,884  
Additional provision during the period
    216,966       128,185       250,867  
Bad debts charged to provision
    (2,243 )     (4,533 )     (57,107 )
 
   
     
     
 
Balance at the end of the period
  Rs. 512,607     Rs. 615,296     Rs. 491,644  
 
   
     
     
 

7. Inventories

     Inventories consist of the following:

                         
    As of December 31,   As of March 31,
   
 
    2001   2002   2002
   
 
 
    (unaudited)   (unaudited)        
Stores and spare parts
  Rs. 34,860     Rs. 32,706     Rs. 31,425  
Raw materials and components
    365,544       368,049       453,018  
Work-in-process
    100,633       138,729       84,722  
Finished goods
    960,586       923,643       832,981  
 
   
     
     
 
 
  Rs. 1,461,623     Rs. 1,463,127     Rs. 1,402,146  
 
   
     
     
 

     Finished goods as of March 31, 2002, December 31, 2001 and 2002 include inventory of Rs. 467,546, Rs. 589,441 and Rs. 506,363 respectively, with customers pending installation.

8. Other Assets

     Other assets consist of the following:

                           
      As of December 31,   As of March 31,
     
 
      2001   2002   2002
     
 
 
      (unaudited)   (unaudited)        
Prepaid expenses
  Rs. 793,949     Rs. 1,188,385     Rs. 748,142  
Advances to suppliers
    130,216       113,568       68,917  
Balances with statutory authorities
    23,378       12,711       38,821  
Deposits
    528,638       606,606       533,247  
Inter–corporate deposits
                       
 
GE Capital Services India
    719,191       200,741       819,891  
 
ICICI Limited
    376,800             1,245,200  
 
Citicorp Financial Services Limited
          35,497        
Advance income taxes
    387,339       554,193       311,257  
Others
    207,180       307,866       463,998  
 
   
     
     
 
 
    3,166,691       3,019,567       4,229,473  
Less: Current assets
    2,420,539       2,096,457       3,481,308  
 
   
     
     
 
 
  Rs. 746,152     Rs. 923,110     Rs. 748,165  
 
   
     
     
 

 


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9. Investment Securities

     Investment securities consist of the following:

                                                   
      As of December 31, 2001   As of December 31, 2002
     
 
      (unaudited)   (unaudited)
              Gross Unrealized   Gross Unrealized                   Gross Unrealized
      Carrying Value   Holding Gains   Holding Losses   Fair Value   Carrying Value   Holding Gains
     
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale:
                                               
 
Equity securities
  Rs. 233     Rs. 1,522     Rs.     Rs. 1,755     Rs. 207     Rs. 1,400  
 
Debt securities
    4,622,581       39,276       (3,498 )     4,658,359       482,382        
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
 
    4,622,814       40,798       (3,498 )     4,660,114       482,589       1,400  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Held-to-maturity:
                                               
 
Debt securities
    158,874       53,146             212,020       50,452       975  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
 
    158,874       53,146             212,020       50,452       975  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Unquoted:
                                               
 
Equity securities
    96,200                   96,200              
 
Convertible preference shares
    170,654                   170,654              
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
 
    266,854                   266,854              
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
 
  Rs. 5,048,542     Rs. 93,944     Rs. (3,498 )   Rs. 5,138,988     Rs. 533,041     Rs. 2,375  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 

[Additional columns below]

[Continued from above table, first column(s) repeated]
                                           
      As of December 31, 2002   As of March 31, 2002
     
 
      (unaudited)                        
      Gross Unrealized                   Gross Unrealized        
      Holding Losses   Fair Value   Carrying Value   Holding Gains   Fair Value
     
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale:
                                       
 
Equity securities
  Rs.     Rs. 1,607     Rs. 233     Rs. 1,623     Rs. 1,856  
 
Debt securities
    (4,600 )     477,782       4,962,102       79,376       5,041,478  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
 
 
  Rs. (4,600 )   Rs. 479,389       4,962,335       80,999       5,043,334  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Held-to-maturity:
                                       
 
Debt securities
          51,427       90,833       3,108       93,941  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
 
 
          51,427       90,833       3,108       93,941  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Unquoted:
                                       
 
Equity securities
                144,300             144,300  
 
Convertible preference shares
                215,700             215,700  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
 
 
                360,000             360,000  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
 
 
  Rs. (4,600 )   Rs. 530,816     Rs. 5,413,168     Rs. 84,107     Rs. 5,497,275  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
 

     Held-to-maturity debt securities as of December 31, 2002, mature within a year.

     Dividends from available for sale securities during the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 were Rs. 33 and Rs. 30 respectively, and are included in other income.

 


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10. Property, Plant and Equipment

     Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:

                         
    As of December 31,   As of March 31,
   
 
    2001   2002   2002
   
 
 
    (unaudited)   (unaudited)        
Land
  Rs. 356,579     Rs. 399,374     Rs. 370,079  
Buildings
    1,437,320       1,985,295       1,585,515  
Plant and machinery
    5,363,516       6,314,417       5,469,300  
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
    1,226,384       1,409,432       1,264,870  
Vehicles
    397,589       529,244       420,843  
Computer software for internal use
    701,919       963,528       742,305  
Capital work-in-progress
    1,178,382       1,266,854       1,116,082  
 
   
     
     
 
 
    10,661,689       12,868,144       10,968,994  
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
    (4,370,316 )     (6,042,693 )     (4,707,137 )
 
   
     
     
 
 
  Rs. 6,291,373     Rs. 6,825,451     Rs. 6,261,857  
 
   
     
     
 

     Depreciation expense for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, is Rs. 933,242 and Rs. 1,068,304 respectively. This includes Rs. 153,048 and Rs. 143,118 as amortization of capitalized internal use software, during the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

11. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

     Information regarding the Company’s intangible assets acquired either individually or in a business combination is as follows:

                                                 
    As of December 31,
   
    2001   2002
   
 
            (unaudited)                   (unaudited)        
    Gross carrying   Accumulated           Gross carrying   Accumulated        
    amount   amortization   Net   amount   amortization   Net
Technology-based intangibles
  Rs.     Rs.     Rs.     Rs. 34,000     Rs. 2,790     Rs. 31,210  
Customer-related intangibles
                      419,133       85,600       333,533  
Marketing-related intangibles
                      32,000       6,630       25,370  
Others
    950       650       300       950       850       100  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
  Rs. 950     Rs. 650     Rs. 300     Rs. 486,083     Rs. 95,870     Rs. 390,213  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 

[Additional columns below]

[Continued from above table, first column(s) repeated]
                         
    As of March 31,
   
    2002
   
    Gross carrying   Accumulated        
    amount   amortization   Net
   
 
 
Technology-based intangibles
  Rs.     Rs.     Rs.  
Customer-related intangibles
                 
Marketing-related intangibles
                 
Others
    950       700       250  
 
   
     
     
 
 
  Rs. 950     Rs. 700     Rs. 250  
 
   
     
     
 

The following table presents the changes in goodwill during the nine months ended December 31, 2002.

         
    Nine months ended December 31,
   
    2002
   
    (unaudited)
Balance as of March 31, 2002
  Rs. 656,240  
Goodwill relating to acquisitions consummated during the period
    3,412,982  
 
   
 
Balance as of December 31, 2002
  Rs. 4,069,222  
 
   
 

 


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12. Other Current Liabilities

     Other current liabilities consist of the following:

                         
    As of December 31,   As of March 31,
   
 
    2001   2002   2002
   
 
 
    (unaudited)   (unaudited)        
Statutory dues payable
  Rs. 407,712     Rs. 373,649     Rs. 357,822  
Taxes payable
    3,125       43,658       72,707  
Others
    105,278       219,333       63,421  
 
   
     
     
 
 
  Rs. 516,115     Rs. 636,640     Rs. 493,950  
 
   
     
     
 

13. Operating leases

     The Company leases office and residential facilities under cancelable operating lease agreements that are renewable on a periodic basis at the option of both the lessor and the lessee. Rental expense under such leases was Rs. 249,066 and Rs. 261,136 for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

     Prepaid expenses as of March 31, 2002, December 31, 2001 and 2002 include Rs. 214,838, Rs. 216,860 and Rs. 212,208, respectively, being prepaid operating lease rentals for land obtained on lease for a period of 60 years. The prepaid expense is being charged over the lease term.

14. Investments in Affiliates

Wipro GE Medical Systems (Wipro GE)

     The Company has accounted for its 49% interest in Wipro GE by the equity method. The carrying value of the investment in Wipro GE as of March 31, 2002, December 31, 2001 and 2002, was Rs. 820,849, Rs. 787,121 and Rs. 511,059 respectively. The Company’s equity in the income of Wipro GE for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 was Rs. 200,372 and the Company’s equity in the losses of Wipro GE for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 was Rs. 260,790.

WeP Peripherals

     The Company has accounted for its 39.7% interest in WeP Peripherals by the equity method. The carrying value of the equity investment in WeP Peripherals as of March 31, 2002, December 31, 2001 and 2002, was Rs. 77,470, Rs. 67,538 and Rs. 119,630 respectively. The Company’s equity in the income of WeP Peripherals for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 was Rs. 10,468 and Rs. 2,160 respectively.

15. Financial Instruments and Concentration of Risk

     Concentration of risk. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, investment securities, accounts receivable and inter-corporate deposits. The Company’s cash resources are invested with financial institutions and commercial corporations with high investment grade credit ratings. Limits have been established by the Company as to the maximum amount of cash that may be invested with any such single entity. To reduce its credit risk, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of customers. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of the revenues /accounts receivable as of/for the period ended December 31, 2001 and 2002.

 


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     Derivative financial instruments. The Company enters into forward foreign exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreements, where the counterparty is generally a bank. The Company considers the risks of non-performance by the counterparty as non-material. The following table presents the aggregate contracted principal amounts of the Company’s derivative financial instruments outstanding:

                         
    As of December 31,   As of March 31,
   
 
    2001   2002   2002
   
 
 
    (unaudited)   (unaudited)        
Forward contracts
  $77.0 million(sell)   $92.2 million (sell)   $62.8 million (sell)
 
        £ 5.3 million (sell)      
Interest rate swaps
  $1.6 million            

     The foreign forward exchange contracts mature between one to eleven months.

16. Borrowings from Banks

     The Company has a line of credit of Rs. 2,650,000 from its bankers for working capital requirements. The line of credit is renewable annually. The credit bears interest at the prime rate of the bank, which averaged 12.37% and 12.2% in the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively. The facilities are secured by inventories, accounts receivable and certain property and contain financial covenants and restrictions on indebtedness.

17. Long-term Debt

     Long-term debt consist of the following:

                         
    As of December 31,   As of March 31,
   
 
    2001   2002   2002
   
 
 
    (unaudited)   (unaudited)        
Foreign currency borrowings
  Rs. 60,899     Rs.     Rs.  
Rupee term loans from banks and financial institutions
    48,200       28,200       48,200  
Others
    57,021       63,070       60,563  
 
   
     
     
 
 
    166,120       91,270       108,763  
Less: Current portion
    136,350       81,500       78,993  
 
   
     
     
 
 
  Rs. 29,770     Rs. 9,770     Rs. 29,770  
 
   
     
     
 

     All long-term debt is secured by a specific charge over the property, plant and equipment of the Company and contains certain financial covenants and restrictions on indebtedness.

     An interest rate profile of the long-term debt is given below:

                         
    As of December 31,   As of March 31,
   
 
    2001   2002   2002
   
 
 
    (unaudited)   (unaudited)        
Foreign currency borrowings
    6.7 %            
Rupee term loans from banks and financial institutions
    14.8 %     14.2 %     14.2 %

     A maturity profile of the long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, 2002, is set out below:

           
Maturing in the year ending December 31:
       
 
2003
  Rs. 81,500  
 
2004
    8,305  
 
2005
    1,255  
 
2006
    105  
 
Thereafter
    105  
 
   
 
 
  Rs. 91,270  
 
   
 

 


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18. Equity Shares and Dividends

     The Company presently has only one class of equity shares. For all matters submitted to vote in the shareholders meeting, every holder of equity shares, as reflected in the records of the Company on the date of the shareholders meeting shall have one vote in respect of each share held.

     Should the Company declare and pay dividend, such dividend will be paid in Indian rupees. Indian law mandates that any dividend, exceeding 10% of the common stock, can be declared out of distributable profits only after the transfer of up to 10% of net income computed in accordance with current regulations to a general reserve. Also, the remittance of dividends outside India is governed by Indian law on foreign exchange. Dividend payments are also subject to applicable taxes.

     In the event of liquidation of the affairs of the Company, all preferential amounts, if any, shall be discharged by the Company. The remaining assets of the Company, after such discharge, shall be distributed to the holders of equity shares in proportion to the number of shares held by them.

     The Company paid cash dividends of Rs. 128,533 and Rs. 232,466 during the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002. The dividends per share were Rs. 0.50 during the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and Rs. 1 during the nine months ended December 31, 2002.

19. Retained Earnings

     The Company’s retained earnings as of March 31, 2002, December 31, 2001 and 2002, include restricted retained earnings of Rs. 259,538, Rs. 259,538 and Rs. 259,538, respectively, which are not distributable as dividends under Indian company and tax laws. These relate to requirements regarding earmarking a part of the retained earnings on redemption of preference shares and to avail specific tax allowances.

     Retained earnings as of March 31, 2002, December 31, 2001 and 2002, also include Rs. 794,719, Rs.751,059 and Rs. 487,089, respectively, of undistributed earnings in equity of affiliates.

20. Other Income, Net

     Other income consists of the following:

                 
    Nine months ended December 31,
   
    2001   2002
   
 
    (unaudited)   (unaudited)
Interest income, net
  Rs. 557,864     Rs. 261,560  
Gain on sale of investment securities, net
          331,098  
Others
    68,538       33,263  
 
   
     
 
 
  Rs. 626,402     Rs. 625,921  
 
   
     
 

21. Shipping and Handling Costs

     Selling general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, include shipping and handling costs of Rs. 32,840 and Rs. 44,786 respectively.

 


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22. Income Taxes

     Income taxes relating to continuing operations consist of the following:

                     
        Nine months ended December 31,
       
        2001   2002
       
 
        (unaudited)   (unaudited)
Current taxes
               
 
Domestic
  Rs. 338,555     Rs. 479,569  
 
Foreign
    234,740       418,570  
 
   
     
 
 
    573,295       898,139  
 
   
     
 
Deferred taxes
    118,049       (21,415 )
 
   
     
 
   
Total income tax expense
  Rs. 691,344     Rs. 876,724  
 
   
     
 

     Income taxes relating to discontinued division consist of the following:

                   
      Nine months ended December 31,
     
      2001   2002
     
 
      (unaudited)   (unaudited)
Current taxes
  Rs. (15,002 )   Rs. (62,912 )
Deferred taxes
    (16,411 )     (96,067 )
 
   
     
 
 
Total income tax benefit
  Rs. (31,413 )   Rs. (158,979 )
 
   
     
 

     A substantial portion of the profits of the Company’s India operations are exempt from Indian income taxes being profits attributable to export operations and profits from undertakings situated in Software Technology and Hardware Technology Parks. Under the tax holiday, the taxpayer can utilize an exemption from income taxes for a period of any ten consecutive years. The Company has opted for this exemption from the year ended March 31, 1997, for undertakings situated in Software Technology and Hardware Technology Parks. Profits from certain other undertakings are also eligible for preferential tax treatment. In addition, dividend income from certain category of investments is exempt from tax. The aggregate rupee and per share (basic) effects of these tax exemptions are Rs. 2,116,194 and Rs. 9.16 per share for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and Rs. 2,161,437 and Rs. 9.35 per share for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. During the nine months ended December 31, 2002 Indian tax laws have been amended to restrict the exempt income from an export oriented undertaking from 100% to 90% of its aggregate income.

     As of March 31, 2002, the accumulated undistributed earnings of the U. S. branch offices of the Company were $ 18.02 million. These earnings may attract a 15% tax imposed by the United States Internal Revenue Service on their repatriation to India. The Company intends to reinvest such undistributed earnings within the United States and currently has no intent to repatriate such earnings in the foreseeable future.

                               
          As of December 31,   As of March 31,
         
 
          2001   2002   2002
         
 
 
          (unaudited)   (unaudited)        
Deferred tax assets
                       
 
Property, plant and equipment
  Rs.     Rs. 139,674     Rs. 15,661  
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    56,318       84,617       57,329  
 
Investments in mutual funds
                58,333  
 
Accrued expenses
    73,893       43,629       48,842  
 
Carry-forward capital losses
    164,726       128,951       122,810  
 
Carry-forward business losses
    47,918       144,859       182,918  
 
Others
    92,596       74,988       81,154  
 
   
     
     
 
 
Total gross deferred tax assets
    435,451       616,718       567,047  
 
Less: valuation allowance
    150,580       128,951       122,810  
 
   
     
     
 
 
Net deferred tax assets
    284,871       487,767       444,237  
 
   
     
     
 
Deferred tax liabilities
                       
 
Property, plant and equipment
  Rs. 25,473     Rs.     Rs.  
 
Intangible assets
          95,947        
 
Unrealized gains on available for sale securities
    14,177             29,392  
 
Undistributed earnings of affiliates
    81,354       31,089       86,061  
 
   
     
     
 
 
Total gross deferred tax liability
    121,004       127,036       115,453  
 
   
     
     
 
   
Net deferred tax assets
  Rs. 163,867     Rs. 360,731     Rs. 328,784  
 
   
     
     
 

 


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     Management believes that based on a number of factors, the available objective evidence creates sufficient uncertainties regarding the generation of future capital gains and realizability of the carry-forward capital losses. Accordingly, the Company has established a valuation allowance for the carry-forward capital losses. These losses expire after eight years succeeding the year in which they were first incurred. The carry-forward capital losses as of December 31, 2002 will expire by March 31, 2009.

     Based on historical taxable income, projections of future taxable income and tax planning strategies, management believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefit of carry-forward business losses.

     The carry-forward business losses as of December 31, 2002, expire as follows :

         
Year ending March 31:        
2009
  Rs. 37,350  
2010
    45,202  
2020
    20,883  
2021
    27,035  
Thereafter
    14,389  
 
   
 
 
  Rs. 144,859  
 
   
 

     Although realization of the net deferred tax assets is not assured, management believes that it is more likely than not that all of the net deferred tax assets will be realized. The amount of net deferred tax assets considered realizable, however could be reduced in the near term based on changing conditions.

23. Employee Stock Incentive Plans

     Wipro Equity Reward Trust (WERT). In fiscal 1985, the Company established a controlled trust called the WERT. Under this plan, the WERT would purchase shares of Wipro out of funds borrowed from Wipro. The Company’s Compensation Committee would recommend to the WERT, officers and key employees, to whom the WERT will grant shares from its holding. The shares have been granted at a nominal price. Such shares would be held by the employees subject to vesting conditions. The shares held by the WERT are reported as a reduction from stockholders’ equity. 555,910, 645,250 and 262,330 shares held by employees as of March 31, 2002, December 31, 2001 and 2002 respectively, subject to vesting conditions are included in the outstanding equity shares.

     The movement in the shares held by the WERT is given below:

                         
    Nine months ended December 31,   Year ended March 31,
   
 
    2001   2002   2002
   
 
 
    (unaudited)        
Shares held at the beginning of the period
    1,280,885       1,321,335       1,280,885  
Shares granted to employees
          (19,300 )      
Grants forfeited by employees
    34,200       375       40,450  
 
   
     
     
 
Shares held at the end of the period
    1,315,085       1,302,410       1,321,335  
 
   
     
     
 

     Deferred compensation is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the shares which ranges from 42 to 60 months. The amortization of deferred stock compensation, net of reversals, for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, was Rs.59,488 and Rs. 43,082, respectively. The stock-based compensation has been allocated to cost of revenues and selling, general and administrative expenses as follows:

                 
    Nine months ended December 31,
   
    2001   2002
   
 
    (unaudited)
Cost of revenues
  Rs. 22,249     Rs. 17,674  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    37,239       25,408  
 
   
     
 
 
  Rs. 59,488     Rs. 43,082  
 
   
     
 

 


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     Wipro Employee Stock Option Plan 1999 (1999 Plan). In July 1999, the Company established the 1999 Plan. Under the 1999 Plan, the Company is authorized to issue up to 5 million equity shares of common stock to eligible employees. Employees covered by the 1999 Plan are granted an option to purchase shares of the Company subject to the requirements of vesting. The Company has not recorded, any deferred compensation as the exercise price was equal to the fair market value of the underlying equity shares on the grant date.

     Stock option activity under the 1999 Plan is as follows:

                                 
    Nine month period ended December 31, 2001 ( unaudited)
   
                    Weighted-average   Weighted-average
            Range of exercise   exercise price and   remaining
    Shares arising out   prices and grant   grant date fair   contractual
    of options   date fair values   values   life(months)
   
 
 
 
Outstanding at the beginning of the period
    4,564,431     Rs.1,024-2,522     Rs. 1,542     59 months
Forfeited during the period
    (606,365 )     1,086-1,853       1,503        
Exercised during the period
    (6,505 )     1,086       1,086        
Outstanding at the end of the period
    3,951,561       1,024-2,522       1,549     50 months
 
   
     
     
   
Exercisable at the end of the period
    634,858     Rs.1,024-2,522     Rs. 1,549     50 months
 
   
     
     
   
                                 
    Nine month period ended December 31, 2002 (unaudited)
   
                    Weighted-average   Weighted-average
            Range of exercise   exercise price and   remaining
    Shares arising out   prices and grant   grant date fair   contractual
    of options   date fair values   values   life(months)
   
 
 
 
Outstanding at the beginning of the period
    3,885,958     Rs.1,024-2,522     Rs. 1,550     47 months
Forfeited during the period
    (134,349 )     1,086-1,853       1,605        
Exercised during the period
    (81,106 )     1,086       1,086        
Outstanding at the end of the period
    3,670,503       1,024-2,522       1,558     39 months
 
   
     
     
   
Exercisable at the end of the period
    1,205,402     Rs.1,024-2,522     Rs. 1,445     38 months
 
   
     
     
   

     Wipro Employee Stock Option Plan 2000 (2000 Plan). In July 2000, the Company established the 2000 Plan. Under the 2000 Plan, the Company is authorized to issue up to 25 million equity shares to eligible employees. Employees covered by the 2000 Plan are granted an option to purchase equity shares of the Company subject to vesting. The Company has not recorded any deferred compensation as the exercise price was equal to the fair market value of the underlying equity shares on the grant date. Stock option activity under the 2000 Plan is as follows:

                                 
    Nine month period ended December 31, 2001 (unaudited)
   
                    Weighted-average   Weighted-average
            Range of exercise   exercise price and   remaining
    Shares arising out   prices and grant   grant date fair   contractual life
    of options   date fair values   values   (months)
   
 
 
 
Outstanding at the beginning of the period
    3,214,350     Rs.2,382-2,746     Rs. 2,397     67 months
Granted during the period
    108,744       1,032-1,670       1,388     66 months
Forfeited during the period
    (446,225 )     2,382       2,382        
Outstanding at the end of the period
    2,876,869       1,032-2,746       2,359     58 months
 
   
     
     
   
Exercisable at the end of the period
    276,993     Rs.2,382-2,746     Rs. 2,397     58 months
 
   
     
     
   

 


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    Nine month period ended December 31, 2002 ( unaudited)
   
                    Weighted-average   Weighted-average
            Range of exercise   exercise price and   remaining
    Shares arising out   prices and grant   grant date fair   contractual life
    of options   date fair values   values   (months)
   
 
 
 
Outstanding at the beginning of the period
    8,472,514     Rs.1,032-2,746     Rs. 1,846     55 months
Granted during the period
    99,550       1,526-1,691       1,495     54 months
Forfeited during the period
    (309,875 )     1,032-2,651       1,995        
Exercised during the period
    (350 )     1,032-1,338       1,241        
Outstanding at the end of the period
    8,261,839       1,032-2,746       1,838     49 months
 
   
     
     
   
Exercisable at the end of the period
    650,134     Rs.1,032-2,746     Rs. 2,384     46 months
 
   
     
     
   

     Stock Option Plan (2000 ADS Plan). In April 2000, the Company established the 2000 ADS Plan. Under the 2000 ADS Plan, the Company is authorized to issue options to purchase up to 1.5 million American Depositary Shares (ADSs) to eligible employees. Employees covered by the 2000 ADS Plan are granted an option to purchase ADSs representing equity shares of the Company subject to the requirements of vesting. The Company has not recorded any deferred compensation as the exercise price was equal to the fair market value of the underlying ADS on the grant date.

Stock option activity under the 2000 ADS Plan is as follows:

                                 
    Nine month period ended December 31, 2001 ( unaudited)
   
                            Weighted-average
            Range of exercise   Weighted-average   remaining
    Shares arising out   prices and grant date   exercise price and   contractual life
    of options   fair values   grant date fair values   (months)
   
 
 
 
Outstanding at the beginning of the period
    264,750     $ 41.38     $ 41.38     67 months
Granted during the period
    31,000       20.75 - 35.77       24.50     66 months
Forfeited during the period
    (13,000 )     41.38       41.38        
Outstanding at the end of the period
    282,750       20.75 - 41.38       39.53     58 months
 
   
     
     
   
Exercisable at the end of the period
    27,775     $ 41.38     $ 41.38     58 months
 
   
     
     
   
                                 
    Nine month period ended December 31, 2002 ( unaudited)
   
                            Weighted-average
            Range of exercise   Weighted-average   remaining
    Shares arising out   prices and grant date   exercise price and   contractual life
    of options   fair values   grant date fair values   (months)
   
 
 
 
Outstanding at the beginning of the period
    647,450     $ 20.75-41.38     $ 37.66     55 months
Granted during the period
    86,300       26.10 - 30.05       27.94     57 months
Forfeited during the period
    (4,400 )     29.30 - 36.40       33.96        
Outstanding at the end of the period
    729,350       20.75 - 41.38       36.53     46 months
 
   
     
     
   
Exercisable at the end of the period
    62,663     $ 25.90-41.38     $ 40.54     35 months
 
   
     
     
   

     Spectramind Option Plan (Spectramind Plan). Prior to its acquisition by the Company, Spectramind had established the Spectramind Plan. Employees covered by the Spectramind Plan were granted options to purchase shares of Spectramind.

     As of the date of acquisition of Spectramind by the Company, options to purchase 17,462,520 shares were outstanding under the Spectramind Plan. As per the terms of the acquisition, the Company acquired/settled 7,641,599 options for cash. The cost of settlement of these options is included as a component of the purchase price of Spectramind. Out of the balance 9,820,921 outstanding options, the Company modified the vesting schedule/exercise period and increased the exercise price of 6,149,191 options. In accordance with FIN No. 44, Accounting for Certain Transactions involving Stock Compensation (an interpretation of APB Opinion No.25) and EITF Issue No. 00-23, Issues Related to the Accounting for Stock Compensation under APB Opinion No. 25 and FIN No. 44, the above modifications resulted in a new measurement of compensation cost at the date of modification. As the new exercise price was equal to the fair value of the underlying equity shares on the new measurement date, the Company has not recorded any additional compensation cost.

 


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     Stock option activity under the Spectramind Plan is as follows:

                                         
    Nine month period ended December 31, 2002 (unaudited)
   
                                    Weighted-average
                            Weighted-average   remaining
    Shares arising out   Range of exercise   Weighted-average   measurement date   contractual life
    of options   prices   exercise price   fair value   (months)
   
 
 
 
 
Assumed at the date of acquisition
    514,358     Rs.1–13     Rs. 8     Rs. 20     9 months  
 
    3,157,372       31       31       31     15 months  
 
    6,149,191       57       57       57     29 months  
Forfeited during the period
    (71,181 )     57       57              
Exercised during the period
    (49,346 )     13–31       18              
Outstanding at the end of the period
    465,012       1–13       11       22     3 months  
 
    3,157,372       31       31       31     9 months  
 
    6,078,010       1–57       57       57     23 months  
 
   
     
     
     
   
 
Exercisable at the end of the period
    465,012     Rs.1–13     Rs. 11     Rs. 22     3 months  
 
   
     
     
     
   
 

     Out of the 9,700,394 options outstanding as at December 31, 2002, options to purchase 9,235,382 shares are covered by a share purchase feature that entitles the Company to repurchase the shares at fair value and gives the employee the right to sell the shares back to the Company at fair value. The Company and the employees can exercise this repurchase right only after six months of the date of option exercise. In accordance with FIN No. 44 and EITF Issue No. 00-23, this share repurchase feature does not result in variable accounting.

24. Earnings Per Share

     A reconciliation of the equity shares used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per equity share is set out below:

                 
    Nine months ended December 31,
   
    2001   2002
   
 
    (unaudited)   (unaudited)
Basic earnings per equity share — weighted average number of equity shares outstanding
    231,132,818       231,186,761  
Effect of dilutive equivalent shares-stock options outstanding
    297,239       380,760  
 
   
     
 
Diluted earnings per equity share — weighted average number of equity shares and equivalent shares outstanding
    231,430,057       231,567,521  
 
   
     
 

     Shares held by the controlled WERT have been reduced from the equity shares outstanding and shares held by employees subject to vesting conditions have been included in outstanding equity shares for computing basic and diluted earnings per share.

     Options to purchase 5,513,169 and 11,030,059 equity shares were outstanding during the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the options was greater than the average market price of the equity shares.

25. Employee Benefit Plans

     Gratuity. In accordance with applicable Indian laws, the Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (Gratuity Plan) covering certain categories of employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees, at retirement or termination of employment, an amount based on the respective employee’s last drawn salary and the years of employment with the Company. The Company provides the gratuity benefit through annual contributions to a fund managed by the Life Insurance Corporation of India. Under this plan, the settlement obligation remains with the Company, although the Life Insurance Corporation of India administers the plan and determines the contribution premium required to be paid by the Company.

     Superannuation. Apart from being covered under the Gratuity Plan described above, the senior officers of the Company also participate in a defined contribution plan maintained by the Company. This plan is administered

 


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by the Life Insurance Corporation of India. The Company makes annual contributions based on a specified percentage of each covered employee’s salary. The Company has no further obligations under the plan beyond its annual contributions.

     Provident fund. In addition to the above benefits, all employees receive benefits from a provident fund, a defined contribution plan. The employee and employer each make monthly contributions to the plan equal to 12% of the covered employee’s salary. A portion of the contribution is made to the provident fund trust established by the Company, while the remainder of the contribution is made to the Government’s provident fund. The Company has no further obligations under the plan beyond its monthly contributions.

     The Company contributed Rs. 251,916 and Rs. 347,604 to various defined contribution and benefit plans during the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

26. Related Party Transactions

     The Company has the following transactions with related parties.

                   
      Nine months ended December 31,
     
      2001   2002
     
 
      (unaudited)   (unaudited)
Wipro GE:
               
 
Revenues from sale of computer equipment and administrative and management support services
  Rs. 12,624     Rs. 12,958  
 
Fees received for usage of trade mark
    31,344       5,000  
Wipro ePeripherals:
               
 
Revenues from sale of computer equipment and services
    29,783       5,036  
 
Fees received for usage of trade mark
    39,762       39,762  
 
Interest received on debentures
    3,750        
 
Payment for services
    311       9,617  
 
Purchase of printers
    96,066       61,582  
Azim Premji Foundation:
               
 
Revenues from sale of computer equipment and services
          1,738  
Principal shareholder:
               
 
Payment of lease rentals
    900       900  

     The Company has the following receivables from related parties, which are reported as other assets / other current assets in the balance sheet.

                         
    As of December 31,   As of March 31,
   
 
    2001   2002   2002
   
 
 
    (unaudited)        
Wipro GE
  Rs. 46,564     Rs. 78,972     Rs. 56,181  
Wipro e Peripherals
    22,365       16,657       17,037  
Azim Premji Foundation
          200       348  
Security deposit given to Hasham Premji, a firm under common control
    25,000       25,000       25,000  
 
   
     
     
 
 
  Rs. 93,929     Rs. 120,829     Rs. 98,566  
 
   
     
     
 

     The Company has the following payables to related parties, which are reported as other current liabilities in the balance sheet.

                         
    As of December 31,   As of March 31,
   
 
    2001   2002   2002
   
 
 
    (unaudited)        
Wipro ePeripherals
  Rs. 11,571     Rs. 12,647     Rs. 25,875  
Wipro GE
          17,665        
 
   
     
     
 
 
  Rs. 11,571     Rs. 30,312     Rs. 25,875  
 
   
     
     
 

 


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27. Commitments and Contingencies

     Capital commitments. As of March 31, 2002 and nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, the Company had committed to spend approximately Rs. 241,338, Rs. 181,751 and Rs. 254,624 respectively, under agreements to purchase property and equipment. These amounts are net of capital advances paid in respect of these purchases.

     Guarantees. As of March 31, 2002 and nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, performance guarantees provided by banks on behalf of the Company to certain Indian Government and other agencies amount to approximately Rs. 467,020, Rs. 781,394 and Rs. 1,210,387 respectively, as part of the bank line of credit.

     Other commitments. The Company’s Indian operations have been established as a Software Technology Park Unit under a plan formulated by the Government of India. As per the plan, the Company’s India operations have export obligations to the extent of 1.5 times the employee costs for the year on an annual basis and 5 times the amount of foreign exchange released for capital goods imported, over a five year period. The consequence of not meeting this commitment in the future, would be a retroactive levy of import duty on certain computer hardware previously imported duty free. As of December 31, 2002, the Company has met all commitments required under the plan.

     Contingencies. The Company is involved in lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including patent and commercial matters, which arise in the ordinary course of business. There are no such matters pending that Wipro expects to be material in relation to its business.

28. Segment Information

     The Company is organized by segments, including Global IT Services and Products, IT Enabled Services, India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products, Consumer Care and Lighting, HealthScience and ‘Others’. Each of the segments has a Vice Chairman / Chief Executive Officer who reports to the Chairman of the Company. The Chairman of the Company has been identified as the Chief Operating Decision Maker as defined by SFAS No. 131, Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information. The Chairman of the Company evaluates the segments based on their revenue growth, operating income and return on capital employed.

     The Global IT Services and Products segment provides research and development services for hardware and software design to technology and telecommunication companies and software application development services to corporate enterprises.

     The India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products segment focuses primarily on addressing the IT and electronic commerce requirements of companies in India and AsiaPacific region.

     The Consumer Care and Lighting segment manufactures, distributes and sells soaps, toiletries, lighting products and hydrogenated cooking oils for the Indian market.

     In April 2002, the Company established a new business segment named HealthScience, to address the IT requirements of the emerging healthcare and life sciences market. The healthcare and life sciences sector clients of the Global IT Services and Products segment were transferred to the newly established HealthScience segment. Further, Wipro Biomed, a business segment which was previously reported in ‘Others’, became a part of the HealthScience segment. Similarly, during the nine months ended December 31, 2002, certain other business segments previously reported in ‘Others’ were integrated with India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products segment. Segment data for previous periods has been reclassified on a comparable basis.

     In July 2002, the Company acquired Spectramind. The operations of Spectramind are organized as a new business segment named IT Enabled Services. This segment provides BPO services to large global corporations in the US, UK, Australia and other developed markets.

     Financial information for the discontinued ISP division was previously reported in ‘Others’. The segment information presented excludes these results of operations, which are now reported outside of continuing operations.

 


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     Others consist of various business segments that do not meet the requirements individually for a reportable segment as defined in SFAS No. 131. Corporate activities such as treasury, legal and accounting, which do not qualify as operating segments under SFAS No. 131 have been considered as reconciling items.

     Information on reportable segments is as follows:

                                   
      Nine months ended December 31, 2001 (Unaudited)
     
      Global IT Services and   India and AsiaPac IT                
      Products   Services and Products   Consumer Care and Lighting   HealthScience
     
 
 
 
Revenues
  Rs. 16,679,988     Rs. 4,583,526     Rs. 2,205,532     Rs. 476,620  
Exchange rate fluctuations
    204,118       1,506              
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
Total revenues
    16,884,106       4,585,032       2,205,532       476,620  
Cost of revenues
    (9,263,790 )     (3,527,740 )     (1,551,000 )     (308,319 )
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    (1,739,244 )     (747,114 )     (355,733 )     (118,465 )
Research and development expenses
    (109,207 )                  
Amortization of intangible assets
                       
Exchange rate fluctuations
                       
Others, net
          (1,500 )     1,985        
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
Operating income of segment
  Rs. 5,771,865     Rs. 308,678     Rs. 300,784     Rs. 49,836  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Total assets of segment (3)
  Rs. 9,807,589     Rs. 2,889,848     Rs. 1,054,505     Rs. 275,832  
Capital employed (3)
    7,202,212       792,923       665,455       126,194  
Return on capital employed (1), (3)
    107 %     52 %     60 %     56 %
Accounts receivable
    3,345,056       1,082,788       145,241       126,292  
Depreciation
    728,783       101,411       46,383       4,027  

[Additional columns below]

[Continued from above table, first column(s) repeated]
                           
      Nine months ended December 31, 2001 (Unaudited)
     
      Others (net of                
      eliminations)   Reconciling Items (2)   Entity Total
     
 
 
Revenues
  Rs. 481,703     Rs.     Rs. 24,427,369  
Exchange rate fluctuations
          (205,624 )      
 
   
     
     
 
 
Total revenues
    481,703       (205,624 )     24,427,369  
Cost of revenues
    (417,720 )           (15,068,569 )
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    (54,587 )     (96,776 )     (3,111,919 )
Research and development expenses
                (109,207 )
Amortization of intangible assets
          (250 )     (250 )
Exchange rate fluctuations
          172,692       172,692  
Others, net
          (113,688 )     (113,203 )
 
   
     
     
 
 
Operating income of segment
  Rs. 9,396     Rs. (243,646 )   Rs. 6,196,913  
 
   
     
     
 
Total assets of segment (3)
  Rs. 614,985     Rs. 16,691,386     Rs. 31,334,145  
Capital employed (3)
    464,315       16,344,524       25,595,623  
Return on capital employed (1), (3)
                 
Accounts receivable
    187,403       182,463       5,069,243  
Depreciation
    20,903       31,735       933,242  

                                     
        Nine months ended December 31, 2002 (Unaudited)
       
                        India and AsiaPac IT        
        Global IT
Services and Products
  IT Enabled
Services
  Services
and Products
  Consumer Care
and Lighting
       
 
 
 
Revenues
  Rs. 20,406,649     Rs. 950,321     Rs. 5,626,384     Rs. 2,174,734  
Exchange rate fluctuations
    326,055       11,481       (268 )     783  
 
   
     
     
     
 
   
Total revenues
    20,732,704       961,802       5,626,116       2,175,517  
Cost of revenues
    (11,901,000 )     (594,130 )     (4,448,851 )     (1,489,306 )
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    (2,530,950 )     (155,384 )     (963,080 )     (371,505 )
Research and development expenses
    (119,779 )                  
Amortization of intangible assets
          (81,000 )            
Exchange rate fluctuations
                       
Others, net
    3,672             49,269       6,004  
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
Operating income of segment
  Rs. 6,184,647     Rs. 131,288     Rs. 263,454     Rs. 320,710  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Total assets of segment (3)
  Rs. 13,196,852     Rs. 4,910,777     Rs. 3,233,843     Rs. 1,031,288  
Capital employed (3)
    10,236,647       4,581,552       1,107,540       592,631  
Return on capital employed (1),(3)
    87 %     6 %     34 %     66 %
Accounts receivable
    4,573,150       229,982       1,396,401       162,213  
Depreciation
    732,996       90,887       130,045       47,125  

[Additional columns below]

[Continued from above table, first column(s) repeated]
                                     
        Nine months ended December 31, 2002 (Unaudited)
       
                Others (net of                
        HealthScience   eliminations)   Reconciling Items (2)   Entity Total
       
 
 
 
Revenues
  Rs. 664,219     Rs. 751,573     Rs.     Rs. 30,573,880  
Exchange rate fluctuations
    (244 )           (337,807 )      
 
   
     
     
     
 
   
Total revenues
    663,975       751,573       (337,807 )   Rs. 30,573,880  
Cost of revenues
    (429,447 )     (554,676 )           (19,417,410 )
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    (252,814 )     (94,973 )     (27,091 )     (4,395,797 )
Research and development expenses
                      (119,779 )
Amortization of intangible assets
    (14,170 )                 (95,170 )
Exchange rate fluctuations
                321,235       321,235  
Others, net
    4,650       12,746       4,882       81,223  
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
Operating income of segment
  Rs. (27,806 )   Rs. 114,670     Rs. (38,781 )   Rs. 6,948,182  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Total assets of segment (3)
  Rs. 763,465     Rs. 828,698     Rs. 16,416,331     Rs. 40,381,254  
Capital employed (3)
    405,926       586,718       16,241,776       33,752,790  
Return on capital employed (1),(3)
    (13 %)                  
Accounts receivable
    277,652       224,282             6,863,680  
Depreciation
    7,082       23,000       37,169       1,068,304  

  (1)   Return on capital employed is computed based on the average of the capital employed at the beginning and at the end of the period.
 
  (2)   Reconciling items include assets of the discontinued ISP division.
 
  (3)   The total assets, capital employed and return on capital employed for the India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products segment excludes the impact of certain acquisition-related goodwill. This goodwill of Rs. 656,240 is reported as a component of reconciling items.

 


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     The Company has four geographic segments: India, the United States, Europe and Rest of the world.

     Revenues from the geographic segments based on domicile of the customer is as follows:

                 
    Nine months ended December 31,
   
    2001   2002
   
 
    (unaudited)   (unaudited)
India
  Rs. 7,373,763     Rs. 8,693,309  
United States
    9,382,923       14,257,272  
Europe
    6,465,217       6,107,150  
Rest of the world
    1,205,466       1,516,149  
 
   
     
 
 
  Rs. 24,427,369     Rs. 30,573,880  
 
   
     
 

29. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

     The fair values of the Company’s current assets and current liabilities approximate their carrying values because of their short-term maturity. Such financial instruments are classified as current and are expected to be liquidated within the next twelve months.

 


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Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations.

Investors are cautioned that this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When used in this discussion, the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “intend”, “will” and “expect” and other similar expressions as they relate to the company or its business are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Actual results, performances or achievements could differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those described under the heading “Risk Factors” in the prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as the factors discussed in this report. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements that speak only as of their dates. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements included herein and the notes thereto.

Overview

     We are a leading India-based provider of IT services globally. We provide high-end IT solutions to leading companies worldwide and have other profitable businesses in niche markets in India. Our objective is to be a world leader in providing comprehensive IT services by continuing to provide world-class quality services and building on the Wipro brand name. We have five primary business segments, which we operate through independent divisions.

    Global IT Services and Products. We provide research and development services for hardware and software design to technology and telecommunication companies, software application development, package implementation and system integration services to corporate enterprises. In large system integration projects, we also supply the hardware and software products. These services are marketed and delivered through our Wipro Technologies division.
 
    IT Enabled Services. In July 2002, we acquired Spectramind eServices Private Limited (Spectramind). The operations of Spectramind are organized as a new business segment named IT Enabled Services. This segment provides Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) services to large global corporations in the U.S., United Kingdom (U.K.) Australia and other developed markets.
 
    India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products. We are a leader in the Indian IT market and focus primarily on meeting all the IT and e-commerce requirements of companies in India and the AsiaPacific region through our Wipro Infotech division.
 
    Consumer Care and Lighting. We leverage our brand name and distribution strengths to sustain a profitable presence in niche markets in the areas of soaps, toiletries, lighting products and hydrogenated cooking oils for the Indian market. We have been in the consumer care business since our inception in 1945 and the lighting business since 1992.
 
    HealthScience. In April 2002, we established a new business segment named Healthcare and Life Sciences, which we renamed HealthScience in December 2002, to address the IT requirements of the emerging Healthcare and Life Sciences market. The healthcare and life sciences sector clients of the Global IT Services and Products segment were transferred to the newly established HealthScience segment. Our business division, Wipro Biomed, which was earlier included as part of Others, also became a part of the HealthScience segment.

 


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     Our revenue and net income for the three months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 and nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 are provided below.

                                   
      Wipro Limited
     
      Three months ended   Nine months ended
      December 31,   December 31,
     
 
      2001   2002   2001   2002
     
 
 
 
      (in millions)   (in millions)
Revenue
  Rs. 8,602     Rs. 10,871     Rs. 24,427     Rs. 30,574  
Cost of revenue
    (5,368 )     (6,855 )     (15,069 )     (19,417 )
Gross profit
    3,234       4,016       9,358       11,157  
Gross margins
    38 %     37 %     38 %     36 %
Operating income
    2,173       2,359       6,197       6,948  
Income from continuing operations
    2,294       2,190       6,271       6,409  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit
    (28 )     (9 )     (56 )     (405 )
Net income
    2,266       2,181       6,215       6,004  
Earnings per share (Continuing operations)
                               
 
Basic
    9.93       9.47       27.13       27.72  
 
Diluted
    9.91       9.45       27.10       27.68  
Earnings per share (Net income)
                               
 
Basic
    9.81       9.43       26.89       25.97  
 
Diluted
    9.79       9.41       26.86       25.93  

     We were in the corporate Internet services (ISP) business since 1999 through Wipro Net. For strategic reasons, we decided to concentrate on our core businesses and, as a result, in June 2002, we decided to exit this division and approved a formal plan of disposal. Under the plan, we will sell the customer contracts and the related long-lived assets. Trade receivables relating to the division will be recovered and we will settle all outstanding vendor obligations. We expect to complete the disposal by March 31, 2003.

     Our Corporate ISP business is an asset group and its operations qualify as a component of an entity. We are disposing of our Corporate ISP business, and, as a result, the operations and cash flows of our Corporate ISP business will be eliminated from ongoing operations. We will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of that business after the disposal. Thus, the results of operations of our Corporate ISP business are reported in discontinued operations for the current and prior periods in our consolidated financial statements.

Acquisitions

Wipro Spectramind Services Private Limited (Spectramind)

     In July 2002, we acquired a controlling equity interest in Spectramind, a leading IT-enabled service provider in India providing remote processing services to large global corporations in the U.S., U.K., Australia and other developed markets. Consequent to this acquisition, we held 89% of the outstanding equity shares of Spectramind, acquired at a cost of Rs. 4,177 million. Subsequently, we acquired an additional 3% of the outstanding equity shares for Rs. 158 million. The results of operations of Spectramind are consolidated in our financial statements with effect from July 1, 2002.

     In January 2003, we acquired the remaining 8% equity shares held by a minority shareholder for Rs. 265 million. We now own 100% of the outstanding equity shares in Spectramind.

     Additionally, employees of Spectramind have been granted options to purchase equity shares in Spectramind, subject to requirements of vesting. Upon exercise of these options, our equity interest in Spectramind on a fully diluted basis would be 87%.

Wipro Healthcare IT Limited (Wipro Healthcare IT)

     In August 2002, we acquired a 60% equity interest in Wipro Healthcare IT, an India-based company engaged in the development of health care related software, and the technology rights in the business of Wipro Healthcare IT for an aggregate consideration of Rs. 181 million.

 


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     Subsequently, in December 2002, we acquired the balance 40% equity interest in Wipro Healthcare IT for an aggregate consideration of Rs. 97 million.

Global Energy Practice (GEP)

     In December 2002, we acquired the global energy practice of American Management Systems, Inc. for an aggregate consideration of Rs. 1,180 million. GEP has a team of domain experts and IT consultants providing specialized IT services to clients in the energy and utilities sector. This acquisition enhances our ability to deliver end-to-end IT solutions primarily in the areas of design and maintenance of complex billing and settlement systems for energy markets and systems and enterprise application integration services.

     Our revenue and operating income by business segment are provided below for the three months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 and nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002.

                                   
      Three months ended   Nine months ended
      December 31,   December 31,
     
 
      2001   2002   2001   2002
     
 
 
 
Revenue:
                               
 
Global IT Services and Products
    70 %     69 %     69 %     68 %
 
IT Enabled Services
          5             3  
 
India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products
    17       16       19       18  
 
Consumer Care and Lighting
    9       7       9       7  
 
HealthScience
    2       2       2       2  
 
Others
    2       2       2       3  
 
Reconciling items
          (1 )     (1 )     (1 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
    100 %     100 %     100 %     100 %
Operating Income:
                               
 
Global IT Services and Products
    94 %     89 %     93 %     89 %
 
IT Enabled Services
          4             2  
 
India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products
    5       2       5       4  
 
Consumer Care and Lighting
    4       4       5       5  
 
HealthScience
    1       (1 )     1       (1 )
 
Others
          3             2  
 
Reconciling items
    (4 )     (1 )     (4 )     (1 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
    100 %     100 %     100 %     100 %
 
   
     
     
     
 

     The Others category in the table above includes our other lines of business such as Wipro Fluid Power. Corporate activities such as treasury, legal, accounting and human resources which do not qualify as operating segments under SFAS No. 131, have been considered as reconciling items. Reconciling items are net of common costs allocated to other business segments.

 


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Global IT Services and Products

                                     
        Three months ended   Nine months ended
        December 31,   December 31,
       
 
        2001   2002   2001   2002
       
 
 
 
        (in millions)   (in millions)
Revenue
                               
 
Services
  Rs. 5,545     Rs. 7,448     Rs. 15,984     Rs. 20,653  
 
Products
    493             900       80  
   
Total
    6,038       7,448       16,884       20,733  
Cost of revenue
                                 
 
Services
    (2,927 )     (4,334 )     (8,438 )     (11,825 )
 
Products
    (468 )           (826 )     (76 )
   
Total
    (3,395 )     (4,334 )     (9,264 )     (11,901 )
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    (561 )     (970 )     (1,739 )     (2,531 )
Research and Development expenses
    (42 )     (42 )     (109 )     (120 )
Others, net
          4             4  
Operating Income
    2,040       2,106       5,772       6,185  
Revenue growth rate over prior period
    24 %     23 %     33 %     23 %
Operating margin
    34 %     28 %     34 %     30 %

     Global IT Services and Products revenue from services is derived from technology and software services provided on either a time and materials or fixed-price, fixed-time frame basis. Our business segment revenue includes the impact of exchange rate fluctuations. Revenue from services provided on a time and materials basis is recognized in the period that services are provided and costs incurred. Revenue from fixed-price, fixed-time frame projects is recognized on a percentage of completion basis. Provisions for estimated losses on projects in progress are recorded in the period in which we determine such losses to be probable. To date, a substantial majority of our services revenue has been derived from time and materials projects. For the three months ended December 31, 2002, time and materials projects generated 64% of services revenue of Global IT Services and Products, while fixed-price, fixed-time frame projects generated 36% of services revenue of Global IT Services and Products. The proportion of revenue from fixed-price, fixed-time frame projects may increase. Our operating results could be adversely affected by factors such as cost overruns due to delays, unanticipated costs, and wage inflation.

     Global IT Services and Products revenue from products is derived from the sale of third-party hardware and software products.

     The cost of revenue for services, in Global IT Services and Products, consists primarily of compensation expenses for our IT professionals, data communication expenses, computer maintenance, travel expenses and occupancy expenses associated with services rendered. We recognize these costs as incurred. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of sales and marketing expenses and allocated corporate overhead expenses associated with management, human resources, corporate marketing, information management systems, quality assurance and finance. The cost of revenues for products, in Global IT Services and Products, consists of the cost for products procured from third party manufacturers.

     The revenue and profits for any period of our services component of our Global IT Services and Products segment are significantly affected by the proportion of work performed at our facilities in India and at client sites overseas and by the utilization rates of our IT professionals. Services performed in India generally yield better profit margins because the higher costs of performing overseas work more than offset the higher rates we charge. For this reason, we seek to move a project as early as possible from overseas locations to our Indian development centers. As of December 31, 2002, 78% of our professionals in the Global IT Services and Products were located in India. For the nine months ended December 31, 2002, 48% of the services component of our Global IT Services and Products revenues were generated from work performed at our facilities in India.

     In our segment reporting only, management has included the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in revenue. Excluding the impact of exchange rate fluctuations, revenue, as reported in our statements of income, is Rs. 6,006 million, Rs. 7,379 million, Rs. 16,680 million and Rs. 20,407 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 and for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

 


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IT Enabled Services

                 
    Three months ended   Nine months ended
    December 31,   December 31,
   
 
    2002   2002
   
 
    (in millions)   (in millions)
Revenue
       
   Services
  Rs. 556     Rs. 962  
Cost of revenue
       
   Services
    (333 )     (594 )
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    (78 )     (156 )
Amortization of intangibles
    (45 )     (81 )
Operating Income
    100       131  
Revenue growth rate over prior period
           
Operating margin
    18 %     14 %

     In July 2002, we acquired Spectramind. The operations of Spectramind are organized as a new business segment named IT Enabled Services.

     Revenues from IT Enabled Services are derived from both time-based and unit-priced contracts. Revenue is recognized as services are performed under the specific terms of the contracts with our customers. Our business segment revenue includes the impact of exchange rate fluctuations.

     The cost of revenue in our IT Enabled Services segment consists primarily of compensation expenses for our employees engaged in delivery of services to customers, data communication expenses, computer maintenance, travel expenses and occupancy expenses associated with services rendered. We recognize these costs as incurred. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of sales and marketing expenses and expenses associated with management, human resources, corporate marketing, information management systems, quality assurance and finance.

     In our segment reporting only, management has included the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in revenue. Excluding the impact of exchange rate fluctuations, revenue, as reported in our statements of income, is Rs. 540 million and Rs. 950 million for the three months and nine months ended December 31, 2002.

India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products

                                     
        Three months ended   Nine months ended
        December 31,   December 31,
       
 
        2001   2002   2001   2002
       
 
 
 
        (in millions)   (in millions)
Revenue
               
 
Services
  Rs. 401     Rs. 564     Rs. 1,380     Rs. 1,585  
 
Products
    1,095       1,125       3,205       4,041  
   
Total
    1,496       1,689       4,585       5,626  
Cost of revenue
               
 
Services
    (260 )     (290 )     (904 )     (820 )
 
Products
    (914 )     (1,030 )     (2,623 )     (3,629 )
   
Total
    (1,174 )     (1,320 )     (3,527 )     (4,449 )
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    (211 )     (330 )     (747 )     (963 )
Others, net
          17       (2 )     49  
Operating income
    111       56       309       263  
Revenue growth rate over prior period
    (12 %)     13 %     (22 %)     23 %
Operating margin
    7 %     3 %     7 %     5 %

 


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     India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products revenue from services is derived principally from hardware and software support, maintenance and consulting services. Our India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products revenue from products is derived primarily from the sale of computers, networking equipment and related hardware products. Our business segment revenue includes the impact of exchange rate fluctuations. We recognize revenue from services, depending on the contract terms, over the contract period. Revenue on products is recognized on dispatch of the products to the customer; however, where the client is not obligated to pay a portion of the contract price until completion of installation, revenue is recognized only on completion of installation.

     The cost of revenue for services in India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products consists primarily of compensation expenses and replacement parts for our maintenance services. We recognize these costs as incurred. The cost of revenue for products in India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products consists of manufacturing costs for products, including materials, labor and facilities. In addition, a portion of the costs reflects products manufactured by third parties and sold by us. We recognize these costs at the time of sale.

     Selling, general and administrative expenses for our India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products business segment are similar in type to those for our Global IT Services and Products business segment.

     Historically, in India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products, revenue from products has accounted for a substantial majority of revenue and a much smaller portion of operating income of our India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products business segment. Our strategy in the IT market in India and AsiaPacific region is to improve our profitability by focusing on IT services, including systems integration, support services, software and networking solutions, Internet and e-commerce applications.

     In our segment reporting only, management has included the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in revenue. Excluding the impact of exchange rate fluctuations, revenue, as reported in our statements of income, is Rs. 1,491 million, Rs. 1,689 million, Rs. 4,584 million and Rs. 5,626 for the three months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 and nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

Consumer Care and Lighting

                                 
    Three months ended   Nine months ended
    December 31,   December 31,
   
 
    2001   2002   2001   2002
   
 
 
 
    (in millions)   (in millions)
Revenue
  Rs. 738     Rs. 739     Rs. 2,206     Rs. 2,175  
Cost of revenue
    (516 )     (521 )     (1,551 )     (1,489 )
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    (122 )     (136 )     (356 )     (371 )
Others, net
          2       2       6  
Operating income
    100       84       301       321  
Revenue growth rate over prior period
    (12 %)           (7 %)     (1 %)
Operating margin
    14 %     11 %     14 %     15 %

     We have been in the Consumer Care business since 1945 and the lighting business since 1992. The Consumer Care business has historically generated surplus cash. Our strategy is to sustain operating margins and continue generating positive operating cash flows. Revenue in this segment may fluctuate as commodity prices change and as we emphasize profitability and cash generation over volume sales.

     We recognize revenue from product sales at the time of shipment. Cost of products consists primarily of raw materials and other manufacturing expenses such as overheads for factories. Selling, general and administrative expenses are similar in type to those for our other business segments.

 


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HealthScience

                                     
        Three months ended   Nine months ended
        December 31,   December 31,
       
 
        2001   2002   2001   2002
       
 
 
 
        (in millions)   (in millions)
Revenue
                               
 
Services
  Rs. 59     Rs. 150     Rs. 182     Rs. 319  
 
Products
    111       100       295       345  
   
Total
    170       250       477       664  
Cost of revenue
                               
 
Services
    (36 )     (76 )     (109 )     (170 )
 
Products
    (74 )     (79 )     (199 )     (259 )
   
Total
    (110 )     (155 )     (308 )     (429 )
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    (47 )     (107 )     (119 )     (253 )
Amortization of intangible
          (3 )           (14 )
Others, net
          3             4  
Operating income
    13       (12 )     50       (28 )
Revenue growth rate over prior period
    42 %     47 %     59 %     39 %
Operating margin
    8 %     (5 %)     10 %     (4 %)

     In April 2002, we established a new business segment named HealthScience, to address the IT requirements of the emerging Healthcare and Life Sciences market. Effective July 1, 2002 the healthcare and life sciences sector clients of the Global IT Services and Products segment were transferred to the newly established HealthScience segment. As a result, we have reclassified revenue derived from these clients from Global IT Services and Products, and are now reporting such revenue in our statements for our HealthScience segment. Effective April 1, 2002, our business division, Wipro Biomed, which was earlier included in Others, was also transferred to the HealthScience segment.

     In August 2002, we acquired a 60% equity interest in Wipro Healthcare IT, an India-based company engaged in the development of health care related software, and the technology rights in the business of Wipro Healthcare IT for an aggregate consideration of Rs. 181 million. In December 2002, we acquired the balance 40% equity interest for an aggregate consideration of Rs. 97 million. Revenue for the three months and nine months ended December 31, 2002 include revenues of Rs. 28 million and Rs. 74 million respectively from Wipro Healthcare IT.

     Revenue from services for our HealthScience segment is primarily derived from software services provided on a time and materials basis. Revenue from services that are provided on a time and materials basis is recognized in the period that services are provided and costs incurred.

     Revenue from products include revenues from sale of software licenses by Wipro Healthcare IT and revenues from sale of instruments and reagents for bio-analytical and healthcare segments by Wipro Biomed. Practices for recognition of revenue in Wipro Biomed are similar to our practices for revenue recognition in our India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products business segment.

     Cost of revenues of products include cost of products manufactured by third parties and sold by us, compensation cost of employees engaged in product support and maintenance, occupancy expenses and cost of providing warranty service.

     Cost of revenues for services are similar in type to those in our Global IT Services and Products business segment.

     Selling general and administrative expenses are similar in type to those for our other business segments.

Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation

     We have amortized deferred stock compensation expenses of Rs. 20 million, Rs. 9 million, Rs. 59 million and Rs. 43 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 and nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively, in connection with equity shares issued to our employees pursuant to our Wipro Equity

 


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Reward Trust. We use the intrinsic value based method of APB Opinion No. 25 and record a deferred stock compensation expense for the difference between the sale price of equity shares and the fair value as determined by quoted market prices of our equity shares on the date of grant. The deferred stock compensation is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the equity shares, which ranges from three-and-a-half years to five years.

     The stock compensation charge has been allocated to cost of revenue and selling, general and administrative expenses in line with the nature of the service rendered by the employee who received the benefit. The amortization is:

                                   
      Three months ended   Nine months ended
      December 31,   December 31,
     
 
      2001   2002   2001   2002
     
 
 
 
      ( in millions)   ( in millions)
Cost of revenue
  Rs. 8       3     Rs. 22     Rs. 18  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    12       6       37       25  
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
Total
  Rs. 20     Rs. 9     Rs. 59     Rs. 43  
 
 
   
   
   
 

Amortization of Goodwill

     In the three months and nine months ended December 31, 2001, we have amortized certain acquisition related goodwill, relating to India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products segment, of Rs. 42 million and Rs. 130 million respectively. Subsequent to the adoption of SFAS No. 142 from April 1, 2002, goodwill is not amortized but will be tested for impairment at least annually. Please refer to the discussions on “Business combinations, goodwill and intangible assets” in Note 2 of the Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements about the impact of our adoption of SFAS 141 and SFAS 142 on amortization of goodwill.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

     Intangible assets acquired as part of our acquisitions are amortized over their estimated useful lives in proportion to the economic benefits consumed in each period. We have amortized intangible assets of Rs. 48 million and Rs. 95 million for the three months and nine months ended December 31, 2002.

Foreign Exchange Gains, net

     Exchange rate fluctuation consists of the difference between the rate of exchange at which a transaction is recorded and the rate of exchange on the date the transaction is settled, and the gains and losses on revaluation of foreign currency assets and liabilities outstanding at the end of a period.

Others, net

     Others, net, includes net gains on the sale of property, plant, equipment, and other operating income.

Other Income, net

     Our other income includes interest income on short-term investments, net of interest expense on short term and long-term debt and realized gains/losses on the sale of investment securities.

Equity in Earnings/Losses of Affiliates

     Wipro GE Medical Systems Ltd. (Wipro GE). We hold a 49% equity interest in Wipro GE Medical Systems Limited, a venture where General Electric, USA holds the balance 51%.

 


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     WeP Peripherals Ltd. (WeP). We hold a 39.7% equity interest in WeP Peripherals Ltd.

Income Taxes

     Our net income earned from providing services in client premises outside India is subject to tax in the country where we perform the work. Most of our tax paid in countries other than India can be applied as a credit against our Indian tax liability to the extent that the same income is subject to tax in India.

     Currently, we benefit from tax holidays the Government of India gives to the export of information technology services from specially designated “Software Technology Parks” in India. As a result of these incentives, our operations have been subject to relatively insignificant Indian tax liabilities.

     These tax incentives currently include a 10-year tax holiday from payment of Indian corporate income taxes for the operation of our Indian facilities, all of which are “Export Oriented Undertakings” or located in “Software Technology Parks” or “Export Processing Zones;” and an income tax deduction of 100% for profits derived from exporting information technology services. We can use either of these two tax incentives. As a result of these two tax incentives, a substantial portion of our pre-tax income has not been subject to significant tax in recent years. For the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, without accounting for the double taxation treaty set-offs, our tax benefits were Rs. 2,116 million and Rs. 2,161 million, respectively, from such tax incentives.

     The Finance Act, 2000 phases out the 10-year tax holiday over a ten year period from fiscal 2000 through fiscal 2009. Accordingly, facilities set up on or before March 31, 2000, have a 10-year tax holiday, new facilities set up on or before March 31, 2001, have a 9-year tax holiday and so forth until March 31, 2009, after which the tax holiday will no longer be available to new facilities. Our current tax holidays expire in stages by 2009.

     The Finance Act, 2000 also restricts the scope of the tax exemption to export income earned by software development centers that are “Export Oriented Undertakings” or located in “Software Technology Parks” or “Export Processing Zones” as compared to the earlier exemption which was available to business profits earned by them. For companies opting for the 100% tax deduction for profits derived from exporting information technology services, the Finance Act, 2000 phases out the income tax deduction over the next five years beginning on April 1, 2000. Additionally, the Finance Act, 2002 has subjected ten percent of all income derived from services located in “ Software Technology Parks” to income tax for a one-year period ending March 31, 2003.

Results of Operations

     Three months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002

     Revenue. Our total revenue increased by 26% from Rs. 8,602 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 10,871 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. Revenues from IT Enabled Services, which are included in our total revenues from July 2002, has contributed to a 6% increase in our total revenues. Revenue growth of 20% was driven primarily by a 23%, 13%, 47% and 38% increase in revenue from Global IT Services and Products, India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products, HealthScience and Others, respectively. Revenues from Consumer Care and Lighting remained flat as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2001. Revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2002 include revenues of Rs. 28 million from Wipro Healthcare IT, the business we acquired in August 2002.

     Global IT Services and Products revenue increased by 23% from Rs. 6,006 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 7,379 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. Revenue from enterprise services increased by 52%. This was primarily driven by increased revenues we received from services provided to financial services, retail and utility companies. Revenue from technology services decreased by 11%. This decline was primarily due to a 54% decline in revenues from our Telecom and Internet service provider division, reflecting the softness in demand from telecommunications equipment manufacturers. This was partially offset by a 17% increase in revenue from services provided in the areas of design and development of embedded software solutions to consumer electronics, automotive and computer hardware manufacturing companies.

 


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     We added 24 new clients during the three months ended December 31, 2002. New clients added during the nine months ended December 31, 2002 accounted for over 11% of our total Global IT Services and Products revenue. The total number of clients that individually accounted for over $1 million run rate in revenues increased from 85 in the three months ended December 31, 2001 to 99 in the three months ended December 31, 2002.

     Revenue from IT Enabled Services are included in our total revenues from July 2002. For the three months ended December 31, 2002 revenue from IT Enabled services was Rs. 540 million.

     India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products revenue increased by 13% from Rs. 1,491 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 1,689 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. Revenue from products increased by 3% primarily due to a 92% increase in revenue from manufactured products partially offset by a 26% decrease in revenue from traded products. Revenue from services increased by 41% for the three months ended December 31, 2002.

     Consumer Care and Lighting revenues increased marginally from Rs. 738 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 739 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002.

     HealthScience revenues increased by 47% from Rs. 170 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 250 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. Revenue from services increased by 154% from Rs. 59 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 150 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. This increase was primarily due to increase in the size and scope of services delivered to our clients in the HealthScience segment. Revenue from services for the three months ended December 31, 2002 include revenues of Rs. 9 million from Wipro Healthcare IT, the business which we acquired in August 2002. Revenue from products decreased by 10% from Rs. 111 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 100 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. Revenue from products for the three months ended December 31, 2002 include revenues of Rs. 19 million from Wipro Healthcare IT , the business which we acquired in August 2002.

     Revenue from Others increased by 38%, from Rs. 198 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 274 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. This was primarily due to a 25% increase in the revenues from the sale of hydraulic cylinders and tipping gear systems in the Wipro Fluid Power business.

     Cost of Revenue. As a percentage of total revenue, cost of revenue increased to 63% for the three months ended December 31, 2002 from 62% for the three months ended December 31, 2001. Cost of revenue of products of India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products increased from 84% of products revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to 92% of products revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2002. Cost of revenue of services of Global IT Services and Products increased from 53% of services revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to 59% of services revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2002.

     As a percentage of Global IT Services and Products revenue, cost of revenue for the services component increased by 6% from 53% in the three months ended December 31, 2001 to 59% in the three months ended December 31, 2002. This increase is primarily due to a 9% decrease in our offshore billing rates and a 8% decrease in our onsite billing rates and increase in compensation for offshore employees as part of annual compensation review in June 2002. This is partially offset by a 6% increase in IT professional utilization rates from 67% in three months ended December 31, 2001 to 73% in three months ended December 31, 2002.

     As a percentage of Global IT Services and Products revenue, cost of revenue for the products component in the three months ended December 31, 2001 was 95% there was no product revenue in the three months ended December 31, 2002.

     As a percentage of IT Enabled Services revenue, cost of revenue is 62% for the three months ended December 31, 2002.

     As a percentage of India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products revenue, cost of revenue for the products component increased by 8% from 84% for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to 92% for the three months ended December 31, 2002. This was primarily due to a 4% decline in gross margins of traded products, partially offset by a 6% increase in gross margins of manufactured products.

 


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     As a percentage of India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products revenue, cost of revenue for the services component declined by 14% from 65% for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to 51% for the three months ended December 31, 2002. This decrease was primarily due to an increase in the proportion of revenues from higher margin services.

     As a percentage of Consumer Care and Lighting revenue, cost of Consumer Care and Lighting revenue increased marginally by 1% from 70% for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to 71% for the three months ended December 31, 2002.

     As a percentage of HealthScience revenue, cost of revenue for the products component increased by 13% from 67% for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to 80% for the three months ended December 31, 2002. This increase was primarily due to a decline in gross margins and increase in proportion of revenues from lower margin products. Cost of revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2002 include cost of revenues of Rs. 16 million from Wipro Healthcare IT , the business which we acquired in August 2002.

     As a percentage of HealthScience revenue, cost of revenue for the services component declined by 12% from 63% for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to 51% for the three months ended December 31, 2002. The decline was primarily due to increased IT professional utilization rates, which was partially offset by an increase in compensation for offshore employees as part of our annual compensation review in June 2002.

     As a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues from Others decreased by 18% from 87% for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to 69% for the three months ended December 31, 2002. A portion of costs in our Fluid Power business, which is included as part of Others, is fixed in nature, and does not increase in proportion to the increase in revenues.

     Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 69% from Rs. 985 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001, to Rs. 1,661 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. The total increase in selling, general and administrative expenses of Rs. 676 million was attributable to an increase of Rs. 409 million in Global IT Services and Products, Rs. 118 million in India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products, Rs. 60 million in HealthScience, Rs. 14 million in Consumer Care and Lighting, and a decrease of Rs. 3 million in Others. Selling, general and administrative expenses of IT Enabled Services and Wipro Healthcare IT, which are included in our selling, general and administrative expenses from July 2002 and August 2002 respectively, were Rs. 78 million and Rs. 9 million respectively.

     Selling, general and administrative expenses for Global IT Services and Products increased by 73% from Rs. 561 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 970 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. The increase is primarily due to an increase in the number of sales and marketing personnel, which increased from 98 in the three months ended December 31, 2001 to 133 in the three months ended December 31, 2002, an increase in compensation costs as part of annual compensation review in June 2002 and an increase in the proportion of local hires, who typically have a higher remuneration package, in our sales and marketing team.

     Selling, general and administrative expenses for India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products increased by 56% from Rs. 211 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 330 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. This was primarily due to expenditures relating to establishing sales and marketing offices in the Asia Pacific region, an increase in the number of sales and marketing personnel and an increase in compensation costs as part of our annual compensation review.

     Selling, general and administrative expenses for Consumer Care and Lighting increased by 11% from Rs. 122 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 136 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. Most of this increase is primarily due to increase in sales promotion expenses.

     Selling, general and administrative expenses for HealthScience increased by 128% from Rs. 47 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 107 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. Most of this increase is primarily due to the costs incurred on establishing the segment, recruitment of sales and marketing personnel and the related increase in compensation costs.

 


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     Selling, general and administrative expenses for Others decreased marginally by 2% from Rs. 43 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 42 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002.

     Foreign exchange gains, net. Foreign exchange gains, net, increased to Rs. 81 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002 from Rs. 6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001. A significant portion of our receivables and cash balances are denominated in dollars. The increase in foreign exchange gains, net, is primarily due to increase in the amounts of foreign currency forward contracts and an increase in the amounts of receivables and cash balances denominated in foreign currency.

     Operating Income. As a result of foregoing factors, operating income increased by 9% from Rs. 2,173 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 2,359 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. Operating income for three months ended December 31, 2002 includes Rs. 100 million of operating income of IT Enabled Services, which is included in our operating income from July 2002. Operating income of Global IT Services and Products increased by 3% to Rs. 2,106 million. Operating income of India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products and Consumer Care and Lighting decreased by 50% and 16% to Rs. 56 million and Rs. 84 million respectively. Operating losses of HealthScience for the three months ended December 31, 2002 was Rs. 12 million including operating loss of Rs. 4 million of Wipro Healthcare IT, the business we acquired in August 2002. In the three months ended December 31, 2001 Operating income of HealthScience was Rs. 13 million. Operating income of Others increased to Rs. 25 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002 from an operating loss of Rs. 91 million for three months ended December 31, 2001. Operating loss of Others for the three months ended December 31, 2001 includes goodwill amortization charge of Rs. 42 million.

     Other income, net. Other income, net, decreased to Rs. 234 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002 from Rs. 269 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001. The decrease was primarily due to the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on our investments denominated in dollars and lower yield on our total investments. This was partially offset by an increase in the amount of our investments.

     Income taxes. Income taxes increased by 46% from Rs. 231 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 337 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002. Our effective tax rate increased from 9% in three months ended December 31, 2001 to 13% in three months ended December 31, 2002. The increase in effective tax rate was primarily due to a portion of the earnings of our Global IT Services and Products segment that were previously exempt from taxation, now being subject to taxation, a decrease in the proportion of income from domestic investments being realized in a tax-free manner and an increase in the proportion of income which is subject to foreign taxes.

     Equity in earnings/losses of affiliates. Equity in losses of affiliates for the three months ended December 31, 2002 was Rs. 48 million against equity in earnings of affiliates of Rs. 84 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001. Equity in the earnings of Wipro GE was Rs. 95 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001, which was partially offset by the equity in losses of Netkracker of Rs. 11 million. In the three months ended December 31, 2002 equity in the losses of Wipro GE was Rs. 49 million.

     Income from continuing operations. As a result of the foregoing factors, income from continuing operations decreased by 5% from Rs. 2,294 million for the three months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 2,190 million for the three months ended December 31, 2002.

     Discontinued operations. The results of operations of the Corporate ISP division are reported in discontinued operations for the current and prior periods in our consolidated financial statements.

 


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     Nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002

     Revenue. Our total revenue increased by 25% from Rs. 24,427 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 30,574 million for nine months ended December 31, 2002. Revenues from IT Enabled Services, which are included in our total revenues from July 2002, has contributed to a 4% increase in our total revenues. Revenue growth of 21% was driven primarily by a 23%, 23%, 39% and 56% increase in revenue from Global IT Services and Products, India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products, HealthScience and Others, respectively. Revenues of Consumer Care and Lighting declined by 1% as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2001.

     Global IT Services and Products revenue increased by 22% from Rs. 16,680 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 20,407 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. Revenue from enterprise services increased by 35%. The increase in revenue from enterprise services was primarily driven by increased revenues we received from services provided to financial services, retail and utility companies. Revenue from technology services decreased by 11%. This decline was primarily due to a 27% decline in revenues from our Telecom and Internet service provider division, reflecting the softness in demand from telecommunications equipment manufacturers. This was partially offset by a 16% increase in revenue from services provided in the areas of design and development of embedded software solutions to consumer electronics, automotive and computer hardware manufacturing companies.

     We added 76 new clients during the nine months ended December 31, 2002, accounting for 6% of our total Global IT Services and Products revenue for the period. The total number of clients that individually accounted for over $1 million run rate in revenues increased from 79 in the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 90 in the nine months ended December 31, 2002.

     Revenue from IT Enabled Services are included in our total revenues from July 2002. For the nine months ended December 31, 2002, revenue from IT Enabled Services was Rs. 950 million.

     India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products revenue increased by 23% from Rs.4,584 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 5,626 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. The 26% increase in revenue from products was primarily due to a 20% increase in revenue from manufactured products and a 30% increase in revenue from traded products. Revenue from services grew by 15% from Rs.1,380 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 1,585 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002.

     Consumer Care and Lighting revenues declined marginally by 1% from Rs. 2,206 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 2,175 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002.

     HealthScience revenues increased by 39% from Rs. 477 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 664 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. Revenue from services increased by 75% from Rs. 182 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 319 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the size and scope of services delivered to our clients in the HealthScience segment. Revenue from services for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 include revenues of Rs. 9 million from Wipro Healthcare IT, the business we acquired in August 2002. Revenue from products increased by 17% from Rs. 295 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 345 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. Revenue from products for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 include revenues of Rs. 65 million from Wipro Healthcare IT, the business we acquired in August 2002.

     Revenue from Others increased by 56%, from Rs. 482 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 752 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. This was primarily due to a 58% increase in the revenues from sale of hydraulic cylinders and tipping gear systems in Wipro Fluid Power business.

 


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     Cost of Revenue. As a percentage of total revenue, cost of revenue increased from 62% for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 64% for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. The increase is primarily due to an increase in cost of revenue of products of India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products from 82% of products revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 90% of products revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2002, and also an increase in cost of revenue of services of Global IT Services and Products from 53% of services revenues for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 58% of services revenues for the nine months ended December 31, 2002.

     As a percentage of Global IT Services and Products revenue, cost of revenue for the services component increased by 5% from 53% in the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 58% in the nine months ended December 31, 2002. This increase is primarily due to a 6% decrease in our offshore billing rates and a 7% decrease in our onsite billing rates and an increase in compensation for offshore employees as part of our annual compensation review in June 2002. This is partially offset by a 7% increase in IT professional utilization rates from 67% in nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 74% in nine months ended December 31, 2002.

     As a percentage of Global IT Services and Products revenue, cost of revenue for the products component increased marginally by 3% from 92% in the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 95% in the nine months ended December 31, 2002.

     As a percentage of IT Enabled Services revenue, cost of revenue is 63% for the nine months ended December 31, 2002.

     As a percentage of India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products revenue, cost of revenue for the products component increased by 8% from 82% for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 90% for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. This was primarily due to 5% decline in gross margins of traded products partially offset by a 1% increase in gross margins of manufactured products.

     As a percentage of India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products revenue, cost of revenue for the services component declined by 14% from 66% for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 52% for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. This decrease was primarily due to an increase in the proportion of revenues from higher margin services.

     As a percentage of Consumer Care and Lighting revenue, cost of Consumer Care and Lighting revenue decreased by 2% from 70% for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 68% for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. Most of this decrease resulted from improvement in operating efficiencies, and an increase in proportion of revenues from higher margin products.

     As a percentage of HealthScience revenue, cost of revenue for the products component increased by 8% from 67% for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 75% for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. The decline in gross margins of traded products is partially offset by the higher gross margins in Wipro Healthcare IT, the business we acquired in August 2002.

     As a percentage of HealthScience revenue, cost of revenue for the services component declined by 7% from 60% for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 53% for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. The increase was primarily due to increased IT professional utilization rates which was partially offset by an increase in compensation for offshore employees as part of our annual compensation review in June 2002.

     As a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues from Others decreased by 13% from 87% for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 74% for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. A portion of costs in our Fluid Power business, which is included as part of Others, is fixed in nature, and does not increase in proportion to the increase in revenues.

     Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 41% from Rs.3,112 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001, to Rs. 4,396 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. The total increase in selling, general and administrative expenses of Rs. 1,284 million was attributable to an increase of Rs. 792 million in Global IT Services and Products,

 


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Rs. 216 million in India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products, Rs. 134 million in HealthScience, Rs. 15 million in Consumer Care and Lighting, and a decrease of Rs. 31 million in Others. Selling, general and administrative expenses of IT Enabled Services and Wipro Healthcare IT, which are included in our selling, general and administrative expenses from July 2002 and August 2002 respectively, were Rs. 155 million and Rs. 12 million respectively.

     Selling, general and administrative expenses for Global IT Services and Products increased by 46% from Rs. 1,739 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 2,531 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. The increase is primarily due to an increase in the number of sales and marketing personnel, which increased from 98 in the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 133 in the nine months ended December 31, 2002, an increase in compensation costs as part of our annual compensation review in June 2002 and an increase in the proportion of local hires, who typically have a higher remuneration package, in our sales and marketing team.

     Selling, general and administrative expenses for India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products increased by 29% from Rs. 747 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 963 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. This was primarily due to expenditure incurred on establishing sales and marketing offices in the Asia Pacific region, an increase in the number of sales and marketing personnel and an increase in compensation costs as part of our annual compensation review.

     Selling, general and administrative expenses for Consumer Care and Lighting increased marginally by 4% from Rs. 356 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 371 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002.

     Selling, general and administrative expenses for HealthScience increased by 114% from Rs. 118 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 253 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. Most of this increase is primarily due to the costs incurred on establishing the segment, recruitment of sales and marketing personnel and the related increase in compensation costs.

     Selling, general and administrative expenses for Others decreased by 19% from Rs. 151 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 122 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. This decline was primarily due to increase in the amount of common costs allocated to other business units.

     Foreign exchange gains, net. Foreign exchange gains, net, increased to Rs. 321 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 from Rs. 173 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001. This was primarily due to increase in the amounts of receivables and cash balances denominated in dollars. A portion of our receivables and cash balances are also denominated in pound sterling. The Rupee depreciated against the pound sterling by over 12% during the nine months ended December 31, 2002, which was partially offset by a 2% appreciation of rupee against dollar in the nine months ended December 31, 2002.

     Operating income. As a result of foregoing factors, operating income increased by 12% from Rs. 6,197 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 6,948 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. Operating income for nine months ended December 31, 2002 includes Rs. 131 million of operating income of IT Enabled Services, which is included in our operating income from July 2002. Operating income of Global IT Services and Products and Consumer Care and Lighting increased by 7% each to Rs. 6,185 million and Rs. 321 million, respectively. Operating income of India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products decreased by 15% to Rs. 263 million. Operating losses of HealthScience for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 was Rs. 28 million including operating income of Rs. 18 million of Wipro Healthcare IT, the business we acquired in August 2002. In the nine months ended December 31, 2001 Operating income of HealthScience was Rs. 50 million. Operating income of Others increased to Rs. 76 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002, from an operating loss of Rs. 235 million for nine months ended December 31, 2001. Operating loss of Others for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 includes goodwill amortization charge of Rs. 130 million.

 


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     Other income, net. Other income, net, remained at Rs. 626 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. The impact of exchange rate fluctuations on our investments denominated in dollars and lower yield on our total investments was offset by an increase in the amount of our investments.

     Income taxes. Income taxes increased by 27% from Rs. 691 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 877 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002. Our effective tax rate increased from 10% in nine months ended December 31, 2001 to 12% in nine months ended December 31, 2002. The increase in effective tax rate was primarily due to a portion of the earnings of our Global IT Services and Products segment that were previously exempt from taxation now being subject to taxation, a decrease in the proportion of income from domestic investments being realized in a tax-free manner and an increase in the proportion of income which is subject to foreign taxes.

     Equity in earnings/losses of affiliates. Equity in losses of affiliates for the nine months ended December 31, 2002 was Rs. 259 million against equity in earnings of affiliates of Rs. 139 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001. Equity in the earnings of Wipro GE was Rs. 200 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 which was partially offset by the equity in losses of Netkracker of Rs. 72 million. In the nine months ended December 31, 2002 equity in the losses of Wipro GE was Rs. 261 million. The losses in Wipro GE were primarily due to an increase in input costs and a decline in average selling prices of products.

     Income from continuing operations. As a result of the foregoing factors, income from continuing operations increased by 2% from Rs. 6,271 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 to Rs. 6,409 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2002.

     Discontinued operations. The results of operations of the Corporate ISP division are reported in discontinued operations for the current and prior periods in our consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

     Our capital requirements relate primarily to financing the growth of our Global IT Services and Products and India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products segments. We have historically financed the majority of our working capital, capital expenditure and other requirements through our operating cash flow, and, to a limited extent, through bank loans.

     Cash flow from operations for the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 was Rs. 7,766 million and Rs. 6,518 million. For the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, capital expenditure was Rs. 1,870 million and Rs. 1,555 million. This expenditure was financed primarily through cash generated from our operations.

     As of December 31, 2002, we had total debt of Rs. 152 million comprised of borrowings from a consortium of banks of Rs. 61 million, under a line of credit of Rs. 2,650 million, secured by inventory and accounts receivable, and other borrowings of Rs. 91 million, secured by liens over our property, plant and equipment.

     We expect that our primary financing requirements in the future will be capital expenditures and working capital requirements in connection with growing our business. We believe that cash generated from operations, along with the net proceeds of our initial U.S. public offering in October 2000 of 3,162,500 American Depositary Shares (including the exercise of the underwriter’s overallotment option to purchase 412,500 ADSs) representing 3,162,500 equity shares, will be sufficient to satisfy our currently foreseeable working capital and capital expenditure requirements. However, our liquidity and capital requirements are affected by many factors, some of which are based on the normal ongoing operations of our businesses and some of which arise from uncertainties related to global economies and the sectors that we target for our services. In the future, we may require or choose to obtain additional debt or equity financing. We cannot be certain that additional financing, if needed, will be available on favorable terms. We routinely review potential acquisitions.

 


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Trend Information

     Our Global IT Services and Products business segment is subject to fluctuations primarily resulting from factors such as:

    The effect of seasonal hiring which occurs in the quarter ended December 31;
 
    The time required to train and productively use new employees;
 
    The proportion of services we perform at client sites;
 
    Exchange rate fluctuations; and
 
    The size, timing and profitability of new projects.

     Our India and AsiaPac IT Services and Products business segment is also subject to seasonal fluctuations. Our product revenue is driven by capital expenditure budgets and the spending patterns of our clients, who often delay or accelerate purchases in reaction to tax depreciation benefits on capital equipment. As a result, our India and AsiaPac IT Services and products revenues for the quarters ended March 31 and September 30 are typically higher than other quarters of the year. We believe the impact of this fluctuation on our revenues will decrease as the proportion of services revenue increases.

     Our Consumer Care and Lighting business segment is also subject to seasonal fluctuations. Demand for hydrogenated cooking oil is greater during the Indian festival season and has increased revenues from our Consumer Care business for the quarters ended September 30 and December 31. Our revenues in this segment are also subject to commodity price fluctuations. However, in the fifteen quarters ended December 31, 2002, revenues from hydrogenated oil products as a proprotion of total revenues of our Consumer Care business has continued to decline significantly. This decline has been offset by continued increases in revenues from soaps and lighting products.

     Our quarterly revenue, operating income and net income have varied significantly in the past and we expect that they are likely to vary in the future. You should not rely on our quarterly operating results as an indication of future performance. Such quarterly fluctuations may have an impact on the price of our equity shares and ADSs.

     Recent accounting pronouncements: In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations. SFAS No. 143 requires entities to record the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred. When the liability is initially recorded, the entity capitalizes a cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value each period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of the liability, an entity either settles the obligation for its recorded amount or incurs a gain or loss upon settlement. SFAS No. 143 is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2002. Adoption of SFAS No. 143, will not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

     In April 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No.145, Rescission of FASB Statements No.4, 44 and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No.13, and Technical Corrections. SFAS No.145 provides for the rescission of several previously issued accounting standards, new accounting guidance for the accounting for certain lease modifications and various technical corrections that are not substantive in nature to existing pronouncements. SFAS No.145 will be adopted beginning January 1, 2003, except for the provisions relating to the amendment of SFAS No.13, which were adopted for transactions occurring subsequent to May 15, 2002. Adoption of SFAS No.145 will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

     In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities. SFAS No. 146 requires companies to recognize costs associated with exit or disposal activities when they are incurred rather than at the date of a commitment to an exit or disposal plan. SFAS No. 146 is to be applied prospectively to exit or disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. Adoption of SFAS No. 146 will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

     In November 2002, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation (FIN) No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others. FIN No. 45

 


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requires a guarantor to include disclosure of certain obligations, and if applicable, at the inception of the guarantee, recognize a liability for the fair value of certain other obligations undertaken in issuing a guarantee. The recognition requirements are effective for guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. Adoption of FIN No. 45 will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

     In November 2002, the EITF issued Issue No. 00-21, Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. This issue addresses determination of whether an arrangement involving more than one deliverable contains more than one unit of accounting and how arrangement consideration should be measured and allocated to the separate units of accounting. EITF Issue No. 00-21 is effective for revenue arrangements entered into in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2003. Alternatively the Company may elect to report the change in accounting as a cumulative-effect adjustment. The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption of EITF Issue No. 00-21 on its consolidated financial statements.

     In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123. This Statement amends SFAS 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, this Statement amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The disclosure provisions of SFAS 148 are applicable for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2002. The Company continues to use the intrinsic value based method of APB Opinion No. 25 to account for its employee stock based compensation plans. The disclosure provisions of SFAS 148 have been adopted by the Company for the nine months ended December 31, 2002.

     In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities-an interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51. FIN No. 46 is applicable to all variable interest entities created after January 31, 2003. In respect of variable interest entities created before February 1, 2003, FIN No. 46 will be applicable from fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2003. The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption of FIN No. 46 on its consolidated financial statements.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

General

     Market risk is the risk of loss of future earnings, to fair values or to future cash flows that may result from a change in the price of a financial instrument. The value of a financial instrument may change as a result of changes in the interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes that affect market risk sensitive instruments. Market risk is attributable to all market risk sensitive financial instruments including foreign currency receivables and payables and long-term debt.

     Our exposure to market risk is a function of our investment and borrowing activities and our revenue generating activities in foreign currency. The objective of market risk management is to avoid excessive exposure of our earnings and equity to loss. Most of our exposure to market risk arises out of our foreign currency account receivables and our investments in foreign currency denominated securities.

Risk Management Procedures

     We manage market risk through a corporate treasury department, which evaluates and exercises independent control over the entire process of market risk management. Our corporate treasury department recommends risk management objectives and policies which are approved by senior management and our audit committee. The activities of this department include management of cash resources, implementing hedging strategies for foreign currency exposures, borrowing strategies, and ensuring compliance with market risk limits and policies on a daily basis.

 


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Components of Market Risk

     Our exposure to market risk arises principally from exchange rate risk. Interest rate risk is the other component of our market risk.

     Exchange rate risk. Our exchange rate risk primarily arises from our foreign exchange revenues, receivables and payables, investments in foreign currency denominated securities and foreign currency debt. We evaluate our exchange rate exposure arising from these transactions and enter into foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate such exposure. We have approved risk management policies that require us to hedge a significant portion of our exposure. Current Indian regulations do not permit us to hedge the exposure on foreign currency denominated securities. Our net exchange rate exposure as of December 31, 2001 and 2002, was $ 10.7 million and $ 10.8 million respectively.

     The forward contracts typically mature between one through eleven months. The counter parties for our exchange contracts are banks and we consider the risk of non-performance by the counter parties as non-material. These forward contracts are effective hedges from an economic perspective, however they do not qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS No. 133, as amended. We estimate that changes in exchange rates will not have a material impact on our operating results or cash flow.

     Interest rate risk. Our interest rate risk primarily arises from our long-term debt. We adopt appropriate borrowing strategies to manage our interest rate risk. Additionally, we enter into interest rate swap agreements to hedge interest rate risk.

     A maturity profile as of December 31, 2002 of our debt is set forth below:

     Maturing in year ending December 31:

         
    (in millions)
2003
  Rs. 82  
2004
    8  
2005
    1  
Thereafter
     
 
 
 
Total
  Rs. 91  
 
 
 

     As of December 31, 2001, and 2002, we had interest rate swap agreements outstanding in the notional principal amount of $1.6 million and Nil, which represent hedges of interest rate risk on our foreign currency debt. The counter parties for our interest rate agreements are banks, and we consider the risk of non-performance by the counter parties as non-material.

     Based on the maturity profile and composition of our debt portfolio, we estimate that changes in interest rates will not have a material impact on our operating results or cash flows.

     Our temporary resources are generally invested in short-term investments, which generally do not expose us to significant interest rate risk.

     Fair value. The fair value of our market rate risk sensitive instruments closely approximates their carrying value.

Critical accounting policies

     Critical accounting policies are defined as those that in our view are most important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results and that are most demanding on our calls on judgment. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are the most critical accounting policies. For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, please refer to note 2 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue Recognition

     We derive our revenues primarily from two sources: (i) product revenue and (ii) service revenue.

 


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Product Revenue

     Product revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence of a contract, the product has been delivered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured. The product is considered delivered to the customer once it has been shipped, and title and risk of loss has been transferred. If we are obligated to perform installation services and a portion of the sales consideration is payable only on the completion of installation services, then the entire revenue is deferred and recognized on the completion of the installation services.

     We consider a binding purchase order or a signed contract as persuasive evidence of an arrangement. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement may take different forms depending upon the customary practices of a specific class of customers.

Service Revenue

     Service revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence of a contract, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured. Time and material service contract revenue is recognized as the services are rendered. Fixed price service contract revenue is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Percentage of completion method accounting relies on estimates of total expected contract revenue and costs. We follow this method when reasonably dependable estimates of the revenues and costs applicable to various elements of the contract can be made. Since the financial reporting of these contracts depends on estimates, which are assessed continually during the term of these contracts, recognized revenue and profit are subject to revisions as the contract progresses to completion. When estimates indicate that a loss will be incurred, the loss is provided for in the period in which the loss becomes evident. Maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the agreement. Revenue from customer training, support and other services is recognized as the related services are performed.

     Revenues from IT Enabled Services are derived from both time-based and unit-priced contracts. Revenue is recognized as services are performed under the specific terms of the contracts with the customers.

Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables

     In revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables we allocate the total revenues to be earned under the arrangement among the various elements based on their relative fair values. We recognize revenues on the delivered products or services only if:

  The above product or service revenue recognition criteria are met;
 
  Undelivered products or services are not essential to the functionality of the delivered products or services;
 
  Payment for the delivered product or services is not contingent upon delivery of the remaining products or services; and
 
  There is evidence of the fair value for each of the deliverable.

     Assessments regarding impact of the undelivered element on functionality of the delivered element, impact of forfeiture and similar contractual provisions and determination of fair value of each element, would affect the timing of revenue recognition and would impact our results of operation.

     Principles of Consolidation and Application of Equity Method of Accounting

     Our financial statements include the accounts of our controlled affiliates. Our assessment of control considers the existence of substantive participating rights with the minority holders in majority owned affiliates and the, existence of control through contract or other means.

     We consolidate the Wipro Equity Reward Trust (WERT). From December 1999 to December 2000 we did not consolidate Wipro Net Limited, a 55% owned affiliate, as the minority shareholder had substantive participating rights.

 


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     Investments in affiliates, over which we exercise significant influence, but not control, are accounted for by the equity method. In addition to our equity interest, we consider the following to determine the existence of significant influence:

     •     Inter-company transactions, exchange of personnel, sharing of resources and technological dependence;

     •     Board representation;

     •     Unilateral ability to acquire additional equity interest; and

     •     The amount of funding provided by us to the affiliate.

Accounting Estimates

     While preparing financial statements we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Specifically we make estimates of the uncollectability of our accounts receivable by analyzing historical payment patterns, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness and current economic trends. If the financial condition of the customers deteriorates, additional allowances may be required.

     Our estimate of liability relating to pending litigation is based on currently available facts and our assessment of the probability of an unfavorable outcome. Considering the uncertainties about the ultimate outcome and the amount of losses, we re-assess our estimates as additional information becomes available. Such revisions in our estimates could materially impact our results of operations and our financial position.

     We provide for inventory obsolescence, excess inventory and inventories with carrying values in excess of realizable values based on our assessment of the future demands, market conditions and our specific inventory management initiatives. If the market conditions and actual demands are less favorable than our estimates, additional inventory write-downs may be required. In all cases inventory is carried at the lower of historical costs or realizable value.

     Accounting for Income taxes

     As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. We are subject to tax assessments in each of these jurisdictions. A tax assessment can involve complex issues, which can only be resolved over extended time periods. Though we have considered all these issues in estimating our income taxes, there could be an unfavorable resolution of such issues that may affect our results of operations.

     We also assess the temporary differences resulting from differential treatment of certain items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are recognized in our consolidated financial statements. We assess our deferred tax assets on an ongoing basis by assessing our valuation allowance and adjusting the valuation allowance appropriately. In calculating our valuation allowance we consider the future taxable incomes and the feasibility of tax planning initiatives. If we estimate that the deferred tax asset cannot be realized at the recorded value, a valuation allowance is created with a charge to the statement of income in the period in which such assessment is made.

     Business Combinations, Goodwill and Intangible Assets

     The process of identifying reporting units, identifying intangible assets separate from goodwill, allocating goodwill to reporting units and reviewing goodwill for impairment is complex. We are required to make significant assumptions and subjective estimates. If any of our assumptions or estimates are revised it may impact our results of operations and financial position.

 


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RISK FACTORS

Risks Related to our Company

     Our revenues are difficult to predict because they can fluctuate significantly given the nature of the markets in which we operate. This increases the likelihood that our results could fall below the expectation of market analysts, which could cause the price of our equity shares and ADSs to decline.

     Our revenues historically have fluctuated and may fluctuate in the future depending on a number of factors, including:

    the size, timing and profitability of significant projects or product orders;
 
    the proportion of services we perform at our clients’ sites rather than at our offshore facilities;
 
    seasonal changes that affect the change in the mix of services we provide to our clients or in the relative proportion of services and product revenues;
 
    seasonal changes that affect purchasing patterns among our consumers of computer peripherals, personal computers, consumer care and other products;
 
    the effect of seasonal hiring patterns and the time we require to train and productively utilize our new employees; and
 
    currency exchange fluctuations.

     Approximately 60% of our total operating expenses in our Services business of Global IT Services and Products business, particularly personnel and facilities, are fixed in advance of any particular quarter. As a result, unanticipated variations in the number and timing of our projects or employee utilization rates may cause significant variations in operating results in any particular quarter. We believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as indications of future performance. Thus, it is possible that in the future some of our quarterly results of operations may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors, and the market price of our equity shares and ADSs could decline.

     If we do not continue to improve our administrative, operational and financial personnel and systems to manage our growth, the value of our shareholders’ investment may be harmed.

     We have experienced significant growth in our Global IT Services and Products business. We expect our growth to place significant demands on our management and other resources. This will require us to continue to develop and improve our operational, financial and other internal controls, both in India and elsewhere. Our continued growth will increase the challenges involved in:

    recruiting and retaining sufficiently skilled technical, marketing and management personnel;
 
    providing adequate training and supervision to maintain our high quality standards; and
 
    preserving our culture, values and entrepreneurial environment.

     If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, the quality of our services and products may decline, and our ability to attract clients and skilled personnel may be negatively affected. These factors in turn could negatively affect the growth of our Global IT Services and Products business and harm the value of our shareholders’ investment.

 


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     Intense competition in the market for IT services could affect our cost advantages, which could decrease our revenues.

     The market for IT services is highly competitive. Our competitors include software companies, IT companies, large international accounting firms and their consulting affiliates, systems consulting and integration firms, other technology companies and client in-house information services departments, both international and domestic. Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources and generate greater revenue than we do. We cannot be reasonably certain that we will be able to compete successfully against such competitors, or that we will not lose clients to such competitors. Additionally, we believe that our ability to compete also depends in part on factors outside our control, such as our ability to attract, motivate and retain skilled employees, the price at which our competitors offer comparable services, and the extent of our competitors’ responsiveness to their clients’ needs.

     Wages in India have historically been lower than wages in the United States and Europe, which has been one of our competitive advantages. Wage increases in India may prevent us from sustaining this competitive advantage and may reduce our profit margins.

     Our wage costs in India have historically been significantly lower than wage costs in the United States and Europe for comparably skilled professionals, which has been one of our competitive advantages. However, wage increases in India may prevent us from sustaining this competitive advantage and may negatively affect our profit margins. We may need to increase the levels of our employee compensation more rapidly than in the past to remain competitive. Unless we are able to continue to increase the efficiency and productivity of our employees, wage increases in the long term may reduce our profit margins.

     The recent rapid economic slowdown and terrorist attacks in the United States could delay or reduce the number of new purchase orders we receive and disrupt our operations in the United States, which could affect our financial results and prospects.

     Approximately 63% of our Global IT Services and Products revenues are from the United States. During an economic slowdown our clients may delay or reduce their IT spending significantly, which may in turn lower the demand for our services and affect our financial results. Recent terrorist attacks in the United States have disrupted normal business practices for extended periods of time, reduced business confidence and have generally increased performance pressures on U.S. companies. As a result several clients have delayed purchase orders with us. Continued, or more severe, terrorist attacks in the United States could cause clients in the U.S. to further delay their decisions on IT spending, which could affect our financial results. Although we continue to believe that we have a strong competitive position in the United States, we have increased our efforts to geographically diversify our clients and revenue.

     Our success depends in large part upon our management team and other highly skilled professionals. If we fail to retain and attract these personnel, our business may be unable to grow and our revenues could decline, which may decrease the value of our shareholders’ investment.

     We are highly dependent on the senior members of our management team, including the continued efforts of our Chairman and Managing Director. Our ability to execute project engagements and to obtain new clients depends in large part on our ability to attract, train, motivate and retain highly skilled professionals, especially project managers, software engineers and other senior technical personnel. If we cannot hire and retain additional qualified personnel, our ability to bid on and obtain new projects, and to continue to expand our business will be impaired and our revenues could decline. We believe that there is significant competition for professionals with the skills necessary to perform the services we offer. We may not be able to hire and retain enough skilled and experienced employees to replace those who leave. Additionally, we may not be able to re-deploy and retrain our employees to keep pace with continuing changes in technology, evolving standards and changing client preferences.

 


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     Our Global IT Services and Products service revenues depend to a large extent on a small number of clients, and our revenues could decline if we lose a major client.

     While we currently derive, and believe we will continue to derive, a significant portion of our Global IT Services and Products service revenues from a limited number of corporate clients we continue to reduce our dependence on any revenues from service rendered to any one client. The loss of a major client or a significant reduction in the service performed for a major client could result in a reduction of our revenues. Lattice group our largest client for the three months ended December 31, 2001 and Transco our largest client in the three months ended December 31, 2002, accounted for 15% and 9% of our Global IT Services and Products revenues, respectively. For the same periods, our ten largest clients accounted for 46% and 40% of our Global IT Services and Products revenues. The volume of work we perform for specific clients may vary from year to year, particularly since we typically are not the only outside service provider for our clients. Thus, a major client in one year may not provide the same level of revenues in a subsequent year.

     Restrictions on immigration may affect our ability to compete for and provide services to clients in the United States, which could hamper our growth and cause our revenues to decline.

     If U.S. immigration laws change and make it more difficult for us to obtain H-1B and L-1 visas for our employees, our ability to compete for and provide services to clients in the United States could be impaired. In response to recent terrorist attacks in the United States, the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service has increased the level of scrutiny in granting visas to people of South-East Asian origin. This restriction and any other changes in turn could hamper our growth and cause our revenues to decline. Our employees who work on site at client facilities or at our facilities in the United States on temporary and extended assignments typically must obtain visas. As of December 31, 2002, the majority of our personnel in the United States held H-1B visas (726 persons) or L-1 visas (1004 persons). An H-1B visa is a temporary work visa, which allows the employee to remain in the U.S. while he or she remains an employee of the sponsoring firm, and the L-1 visa is an intra-company transfer visa, which only allows the employee to remain in the United States temporarily. Although there is no limit to new L-1 petitions, there is a limit to the aggregate number of new H-1B petitions that the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service may approve in any government fiscal year. We may not be able to obtain the H-1B visas necessary to bring critical Indian professionals to the United States on an extended basis during years in which this limit is reached. This limit was reached in March 2000 for the U.S. Government’s fiscal year ended September 30, 2000. While we anticipated that this limit would be reached before the end of the U.S. Government’s fiscal year, and made efforts to plan accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will continue to be able to obtain a sufficient number of H-1B visas on the same time schedule as we have previously, or at all.

     Our costs could increase if the Government of India reduces or withholds tax benefits and other incentives it provides to us.

     Currently, we benefit from certain tax incentives under Indian tax laws. As a result of these incentives, our operations have been subject to relatively insignificant Indian tax liabilities. These tax incentives currently include a 10-year tax holiday from payment of Indian corporate income taxes for our Global IT Services and Products business operated from specially designated “Software Technology Parks” in India and an income tax deduction of 100% for profits derived from exporting information technology services. As a result, a substantial portion of our pre-tax income has not been subject to significant tax in recent years. For the nine months ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, without accounting for double taxation treaty set-offs, our tax benefits were Rs. 2,116 million, and Rs. 2,161 million, from such tax incentives. We are currently also eligible for exemptions from other taxes, including customs duties. The Finance Act, 2000 phases out the ten year tax holiday over a ten year period from the financial year 1999-2000 to financial year 2008-2009. Our current tax holidays expire in stages by 2009. Additionally, the recently enacted Finance Act, 2002 subjects ten percent of all income derived from services located in “Software Technology Parks” to income tax for the one-year period ending March 31, 2003. For companies opting for the 100% tax deduction for profits derived from exporting information technology services, the Finance Act, 2000 phases out the income tax deduction over the next five years beginning on April 1, 2000. When our tax holiday and income tax deduction exemptions expire or terminate, our costs will increase. Additionally, the government of India could enact similar laws in the future, which could further impair our other tax incentives.

 


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     We focus on high-growth industries, such as networking and communications. Any decrease in demand for technology in such industries may significantly decrease the demand for our services, which may impair our growth and cause our revenues to decline.

     Approximately 38% of our Global IT Services and Products business is derived from clients in high growth industries who use our IT services for networking and communications equipment. The recent rapid economic slowdown in U.S. may adversely affect the growth prospects of these companies. Any significant decrease in the growth of these industries will decrease the demand for our services and could reduce our revenue.

     Our failure to complete fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts on budget and on time may negatively affect our profitability, which could decrease the value of our shareholders’ investment.

     We offer a portion of our services on a fixed-price, fixed-time frame basis, rather than on a time-and-materials basis. Although we use specified software engineering processes and our past project experience to reduce the risks associated with estimating, planning and performing fixed-price, fixed- time frame projects, we bear the risk of cost overruns, completion delays and wage inflation in connection with these projects. If we fail to accurately estimate the resources and time required for a project, future rates of wage inflation and currency exchange rates, or if we fail to complete our contractual obligations within the contracted time frame, our profitability may suffer.

     Disruptions in telecommunications could harm our service model, which could result in a reduction of our revenues.

     A significant element of our business strategy is to continue to leverage and expand our software development centers in Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune, India, as well as overseas. We believe that the use of a strategically located network of software development centers will provide us with cost advantages, the ability to attract highly skilled personnel in various regions of the country and the world, the ability to service clients on a regional and global basis, and the ability to provide services to our clients 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Part of our service model is to maintain active voice and data communications between our main offices in Bangalore, our clients’ offices, and our other software development and support facilities. Although we maintain redundancy facilities and satellite communications links, any significant loss in our ability to transmit voice and data through satellite and telephone communications would result in a reduction of our revenues.

     Our international operations subject us to risks inherent in doing business on an international level that could harm our operating results.

     While to date most of our software development facilities are located in India and in the United States, we intend to establish new development facilities, including potentially in Southeast Asia and Europe. We have not yet made substantial contractual commitments to establish any new facilities and we cannot assure you that we will not significantly alter or reduce our proposed expansion plans. Because of our limited experience with facilities outside of India, we are subject to additional risks including, among other things, difficulties in regulating our business globally, export requirements and restrictions, and multiple and possibly overlapping tax structures. Any of these events could harm our future performance.

     We may engage in future acquisitions, investments, strategic partnerships or other ventures that may harm our performance, dilute our shareholders and cause us to incur debt or assume contingent liabilities.

     We have acquired and in the future may acquire or make investments in complementary businesses, technologies, services or products, or enter into strategic partnerships with parties who can provide access to those assets. We may not identify suitable acquisition, investment or strategic partnership candidates, or if we do identify suitable candidates, we may not complete those transactions on terms commercially acceptable to us or at all. We could have difficulty in assimilating the personnel, operations, technology and software of the acquired company. In addition, the key personnel of the acquired company may decide not to work for us. If we make other types of acquisitions, we could have difficulty in integrating the acquired products, services or technologies into our operations. These difficulties could disrupt our ongoing business, distract our management and employees and increase our expenses.

 


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     We may be liable to our clients for damages caused by system failures, which could damage our reputation and cause us to lose customers.

     Many of our contracts involve projects that are critical to the operations of our clients’ businesses, and provide benefits that may be difficult to quantify. Any failure in a client’s system could result in a claim for substantial damages against us, regardless of our responsibility for such failure. Although we attempt to limit our contractual liability for damages resulting from negligent acts, errors, mistakes or omissions in rendering our services, we cannot be assured that the limitations on liability we provide for in our service contracts will be enforceable in all cases, or that it will otherwise protect us from liability for damages.

     Risks Related to Investments in Indian Companies

     We are incorporated in India, and substantially all of our assets and our employees are located in India. Consequently, our financial performance and the market price of our ADSs will be affected by political, social and economic developments affecting India, Government of India policies, including taxation and foreign investment policies, government currency exchange control, as well as changes in exchange rates and interest rates.

     Regional conflicts in South Asia could adversely affect the Indian economy, disrupt our operations and cause our business to suffer.

     South Asia has from time to time experienced instances of civil unrest and hostilities among neighboring countries, including between India and Pakistan. In recent years there have been military confrontations between India and Pakistan that have occurred in the region of Kashmir. The potential for such hostilities has recently increased as a result of terrorist attacks in the U.S. and the recent attack on the Indian Parliament has increased tensions between India and Pakistan. Events of this nature in the future could influence the Indian economy and could have a material adverse effect on the market for securities of Indian companies, including our ADSs, and on the market for our services.

     Political instability or changes in the government in India could delay the liberalization of the Indian economy and adversely affect economic conditions in India generally, which could impact our financial results and prospects.

     Since 1991, successive Indian governments have pursued policies of economic liberalization, including significantly relaxing restrictions on the private sector. Nevertheless, the role of the Indian central and state governments in the Indian economy as producers, consumers and regulators has remained significant. The Government of India has changed five times since 1996. The current Government of India, formed in October 1999, has announced policies and taken initiatives that support the continued economic liberalization policies that have been pursued by previous governments. We cannot assure you that these liberalization policies will continue in the future. The rate of economic liberalization could change, and specific laws and policies affecting technology companies, foreign investment, currency exchange and other matters affecting investment in our securities could change as well. A significant change in India’s economic liberalization and deregulation policies could adversely affect business and economic conditions in India generally and our business in particular.

     Indian law limits our ability to raise capital outside India and may limit the ability of others to acquire us, which could prevent us from operating our business or entering into a transaction that is in the best interests of our shareholders.

     Indian law constrains our ability to raise capital outside India through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities. Generally, any foreign investment in, or an acquisition of, an Indian company requires approval from relevant government authorities in India including the Reserve Bank of India. However, the Government of India currently does not require prior approvals for IT companies, subject to certain exceptions. Under any such exception, if the Government of India does not approve the investment or implements a limit on the foreign equity ownership of IT companies, our ability to seek and obtain additional equity investment by foreign investors will be constrained. In addition, these restrictions, if applied to us, may prevent us from entering into a transaction, such as an acquisition by a non-Indian company, which would otherwise be beneficial for our company and the holders of our equity shares and ADSs.

 


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     Indian law imposes foreign investment restrictions that limit a holder’s ability to convert equity shares into ADSs, which may cause our equity shares to trade at a discount or premium to the market price of our ADSs.

     Recently the government of India has permitted two-way fungibility of ADRs, subject however to sectoral caps and certain conditions. Additionally, investors who exchange ADSs for the underlying equity shares and are not holders of record will be required to declare to us details of the holder of record, and the holder of record will be required to disclose the details of the beneficial owner. Any investor who fails to comply with this requirement may be liable for a fine of up to Rs. 1,000 for each day such failure continues. Such restrictions on foreign ownership of the underlying equity shares may cause our equity shares to trade at a discount or premium to the ADSs.

     Except for limited circumstances, the Reserve Bank of India must approve the sale of equity shares underlying ADSs by a non-resident of India to a resident of India. Since currency exchange controls are in effect in India, the Reserve Bank of India will approve the price at which equity shares are transferred based on a specified formula, and a higher price per share may not be permitted. Additionally, except in certain limited circumstances, if an investor seeks to convert the rupee proceeds from a sale of equity shares in India into foreign currency and then repatriate that foreign currency from India he or she will have to obtain an additional Reserve Bank of India approval for each transaction. We cannot assure our ADS holders that any required approval from the Reserve Bank of India or any other government agency can be obtained on any terms or at all.

     Our ability to acquire companies organized outside India depends on the approval of the Government of India. Our failure to obtain approval from the Government of India for acquisitions of companies organized outside India may restrict our international growth, which could negatively affect our revenues.

     The Ministry of Finance of the Government of India and/or the Reserve Bank of India must approve our acquisition of any company organized outside of India. The Government of India has recently issued a policy statement permitting acquisitions of companies organized outside India with a transaction value:

    if in cash, effective April 28, 2001 up to 100% of the proceeds from an ADS offering; and
 
    if in stock, the greater of $100 million or ten times the acquiring company’s previous fiscal year’s export earnings.
 
    in addition, up to U.S. $ 100 million can be invested under the automatic approval route.

     We cannot assure you any required approval from the Reserve Bank of India and/or the Ministry of Finance or any other government agency can be obtained. Our failure to obtain approval from the Government of India for acquisitions of companies organized outside India may restrict our international growth, which could negatively affect our revenues.

     The laws of India do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as those of the United States, and we may be unsuccessful in protecting our intellectual property rights. Unauthorized use of our intellectual property may result in development of technology, products or services which compete with our products.

     Our intellectual property rights are important to our business. We rely on a combination of copyright and trademark laws, trade secrets, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property. However, the laws of India do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as laws in the United States. Therefore, our efforts to protect our intellectual property may not be adequate. Our competitors may independently develop similar technology or duplicate our products or services. Unauthorized parties may infringe upon or misappropriate our products, services or proprietary information.

     The misappropriation or duplication of our intellectual property could disrupt our ongoing business, distract our management and employees, reduce our revenues and increase our expenses. We may need to litigate to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Any such litigation could be time-consuming and costly. As the number of patents, copyrights and other intellectual property

 


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rights in our industry increases, and as the coverage of these rights increases, we believe that companies in our industry will face more frequent patent infringement claims. Defending against these claims, even if not meritorious, could be expensive and divert our attention and resources from operating our company. Although there are no pending or threatened intellectual property lawsuits against us, if we become liable to third parties for infringing their intellectual property rights, we could be required to pay a substantial damage award and forced to develop non- infringing technology, obtain a license or cease selling the applications or products that contain the infringing technology. We may be unable to develop non-infringing technology or to obtain a license on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

Based on their evaluation as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 6-K, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-14(c) and 15d — 14(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.

Change in internal controls.

     There were no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation. There were no significant deficiencies or material weaknesses, and therefore there were no corrective actions taken.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal proceedings

We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings.

Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds

On October 19, 2000, We completed our initial public offering in the United States, or US IPO, of 3,162,500 American Depositary Shares representing 3,162,500 equity shares, par value Rs. 2 per share (including the exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option consisting of 412,500 American Depositary Shares representing 412,500 equity shares), at a public offering price of $41.375 per American Depositary Share, pursuant to a registration statement filed on Form F-1 (File No. 333-46278) with the Securities Exchange Commission (the “Registration Statement”). All of the shares registered were sold. The managing underwriters were Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, Credit Suisse First Boston, and Banc of America Securities. Aggregate gross proceeds to Wipro (prior to deduction of underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses of the offering) were $130,848,438. There were no selling stockholders in the US IPO.

We paid underwriting discounts and commissions of $5,888,180. The net proceeds from the offering after underwriting discounts and commissions are estimated to be $124,960,258.

Net proceeds from the offering have been invested in highly liquid money market instruments. In July 2002 we acquired 62% equity interest in Spectramind e-Services Private Limited for a consideration of Rs 3,691 million ($75.82 million) in cash. A portion of the consideration amounting to $ 60.49 million was paid out of net proceeds from the offering. In December 2002, we acquired the global energy practice of American Management Systems for an aggregate consideration of Rs. 1,180 million ($ 24.58 million). A portion of the consideration, amounting to $ 21.46 million, was paid out of the net proceeds form the offering. None of the net proceeds from the initial public

 


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offering were paid, directly or indirectly, to any of our directors, officers or general partners or any of their associates, or to any persons owning ten percent or more of any class of our equity securities, or any affiliates

Item 3. Default upon senior securities

          None

Item 4. Submission of matters to a vote of security holders.

          None

Item 5: Other Information

          None

Item 6: Exhibits and reports

     The Exhibit Index attached here to is incorporated by reference to this item.

     EXHIBIT INDEX

             
Exhibit            
Number   Description of Document        

 
       
*3.1   Articles of Association of Wipro Limited, as amended.
*3.2   Memorandum of Association of Wipro Limited, as amended.
*3.3   Certificate of Incorporation of Wipro Limited, as amended. Form of Deposit Agreement (including as an exhibit, the form of American
*4.1   Depositary Receipt).
*4.2   Wipro’s specimen certificate for equity shares.
19.1   Wipro Quarterly report to the shareholders for the quarter ended December 31, 2002.
99.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
*   Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-46278) in the form declared effective September 26, 2000.

 


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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly organized.

     
Dated: February 12, 2003   WIPRO LIMITED
     
    By: /s/ Suresh C. Senapaty
Suresh C. Senapaty
Executive Vice President, Finance

 


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Chief Executive Officer Certification

     I, Azim H. Premji, certify that:

     1.     I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 6-K of Wipro Limited, hereinafter referred to as the Company, for the nine months ended December 31, 2002;

     2.     Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;

     3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;

     4.     The Company’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the Company and have:

     a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;

     b) evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

     c) presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;

     5.     The Company’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of:

     a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the Company’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

     b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls; and

     6.     The Company’s other certifying officers and I have indicated in this quarterly report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

 
Date: February 12, 2003
 
/s/ Azim H. Premji
 
Azim H. Premji, Chief Executive Officer

 


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Chief Financial Officer Certification

     I, Suresh C. Senapaty, certify that:

     1.     I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 6-K of Wipro Limited, hereinafter referred to as the Company, for the nine months ended December 31, 2002;

     2.     Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;

     3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;

     4.     The Company’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the Company and have:

     a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;

     b) evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

     c) presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;

     5.     The Company’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of:

     a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the Company’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

     b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls; and

     6.     The Company’s other certifying officers and I have indicated in this quarterly report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

 
Date: February 12, 2003
 
/s/ Suresh C. Senapaty
Suresh C. Senapaty, Chief Financial Officer

 


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EXHIBIT INDEX
             
Exhibit            
Number   Description of Document        

 
       
*3.1   Articles of Association of Wipro Limited, as amended.
*3.2   Memorandum of Association of Wipro Limited, as amended.
*3.3   Certificate of Incorporation of Wipro Limited, as amended. Form of Deposit Agreement (including as an exhibit, the form of American
*4.1   Depositary Receipt).
*4.2   Wipro’s specimen certificate for equity shares.
19.1   Wipro Quarterly report to the shareholders for the quarter ended December 31, 2002.
99.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
*   Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-46278) in the form declared effective September 26, 2000.