<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2020-05-19</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>1</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001121702</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>YIELD10 BIOSCIENCE, INC.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>YTEN</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001235215</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>SHAULSON JOSEPH H</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O YIELD10 BIOSCIENCE, INC.</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>19 PRESIDENTIAL WAY</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>WOBURN</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>01801</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>1</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle></officerTitle>
            <otherText></otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable></nonDerivativeTable>

    <derivativeTable></derivativeTable>

    <footnotes></footnotes>

    <remarks>The reporting person's term as a director of Yield10 Bioscience, Inc. (&quot;Yield10&quot;) expired on May 19, 2020. As a result, the reporting person is no longer subject to Section 16 in connection with his transactions in the equity securities of Yield10 and therefore will no longer report any such transactions on Form 4 or Form 5.</remarks>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Megan N. Gates, attorney-in-fact</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2020-05-19</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
