INCOME TAXES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2011

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

8. INCOME TAXES

The Company follows the accounting guidance related to income taxes including guidance which addresses accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. This guidance prescribes a threshold for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. It also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures and transitions. The Company had no amounts recorded for any unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2011 or September 30, 2010.

The tax years 2008 through 2010 remain open to examination by major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject, which are primarily in the U.S.

The Company’s policy is to record estimated interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. As of September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties recorded related to uncertain tax positions.

At December 31, 2010 the Company had net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) for federal and state income tax purposes of $145,448 and $90,203, respectively. Included in the federal and state NOL carryforwards is approximately $19,189 of deduction related to the exercise of stock options subsequent to the adoption of amended accounting guidance related to stock-based compensation. This amount represents an excess tax benefit as defined under the amended accounting guidance related to stock-based compensation and has not been recorded as a deferred tax asset.  Federal and state NOL’s of approximately $1,400 and $390, respectively, will expire during 2011.  The Company also had available research and development credits for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $3,995 and $2,735 respectively. The federal and state research and development credits will begin to expire in 2014 and 2016 respectively. As of December 31, 2010 the Company also had available investment tax credits for state income tax purposes of $117 which also began to expire in 2011. Management of the Company has evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon the realizability of its deferred tax assets, which are comprised principally of NOL carryforwards and research and development credits. Under the applicable accounting standards, management has considered the Company’s history of losses and concluded that it is more likely than not that the Company will not recognize the benefits of federal and state deferred tax assets. Accordingly, a full valuation allowance has been established against the deferred tax assets.

Utilization of the NOL and research and development credit carryforwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 due to ownership change limitations that have occurred previously or that could occur in the future. These ownership changes may limit the amount of NOL and research and development credit carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. The Company has not currently completed an evaluation of ownership changes through September 30, 2011 to assess whether utilization of the Company’s NOL or R&D credit carryforwards would be subject to an annual limitation under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. To the extent an ownership change occurs in the future, the NOL and credit carryforwards may be subject to limitation.