Long-Term Incentive Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

The following table presents a summary of activity for stock options, service-based restricted stock awards and performance-based stock unit awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (in thousands):


	Stock Options		Service-based Restricted Stock		Performance-based Stock Units
Outstanding – December 31, 2019	636		1,064		248
Granted	—		686		181
Vested	—		(540)		(125)
Forfeited	(86)		(55)		—
Outstanding – September 30, 2020	550		1,155		304
Weighted average grant date fair value (2020 awards)	$	—	$	10.02	$	11.15

The restricted stock program consists of a combination of service-based restricted stock and performance-based stock units. Service-based restricted stock awards generally vest on a straight-line basis over their term, which is generally three years. Performance-based restricted stock awards generally vest at the end of a three-year period, with the number of shares ultimately issued under the program dependent upon achievement of predefined specific performance measures.

In the event the predefined targets are exceeded for any performance-based award, additional shares up to a maximum of 200% of the target award may be granted. Conversely, if actual performance falls below the predefined target, the number of shares vested is reduced. If the actual performance falls below the threshold performance level, no restricted shares will vest. The performance measure for outstanding awards is the Company's EBITDA growth rate over a three-year period.

During the first quarters of 2020 and 2019, the Company issued conditional long-term cash incentive awards ("Cash Awards") of approximately $2.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively, with the ultimate dollar amount to be awarded ranging from zero to a maximum of $4.0 million for the 2020 Cash Award and from zero to a maximum of $2.7 million for the 2019 Cash Award. The performance measure for these Cash Awards is relative total stockholder return compared to a peer group of companies measured over a three-year period. The ultimate dollar amount to be awarded for the 2020 and 2019 Cash Awards is limited to their targeted award value ($2.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively) if the Company's total stockholder return is negative over the performance period. The obligation related to the Cash Awards is classified as a liability and recognized over the vesting period.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $2.1 million and $5.3 million, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $4.2 million and $12.8 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, there was $11.3 million of pre-tax compensation costs related to service-based and performance-based stock awards, which will be recognized in future periods as vesting conditions are satisfied.