The aggregate expense charged against earnings to allocate the cost of intangible assets (nonphysical assets not used in production) in a systematic and rational manner to the periods expected to benefit from such assets. As a noncash expense, this element is added back to net income when calculating cash provided by or used in operations using the indirect method.

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Intangible assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Intangible assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Gross carrying value	$ 1,594		$ 1,594		$ 1,529
Accumulated amortization	(782)		(782)		(634)
Net carrying value	812		812		895
Amortization of intangible assets	51	$ 71	154	$ 203
Customer relationships
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Gross carrying value	615		615		615
Accumulated amortization	(179)		(179)		(146)
Net carrying value	436		436		469
Existing technologies
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Gross carrying value	367		367		369
Accumulated amortization	(260)		(260)		(211)
Net carrying value	107		107		158
Existing software
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Gross carrying value	366		366		298
Accumulated amortization	(155)		(155)		(125)
Net carrying value	211		211		173
Backlog
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Gross carrying value	129		129		129
Accumulated amortization	(104)		(104)		(79)
Net carrying value	25		25		50
Image library
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Gross carrying value	80		80		80
Accumulated amortization	(68)		(68)		(58)
Net carrying value	12		12		22
Trade names and other.
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Gross carrying value	37		37		38
Accumulated amortization	(16)		(16)		(15)
Net carrying value	$ 21		$ 21		$ 23