10-Q

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the Quarterly Period ended June 30, 2023

or

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from _______________ to ______________

Commission File Number 000-31311

PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	25-1701361
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2858 De La Cruz Blvd.
Santa Clara, California	95050
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

(408) 280-7900

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.00015 par value	PDFS	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☑
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

There were 38,126,867 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of August 3, 2023.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I   FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	37
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	37
PART II  OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	38
Item 1A. Risk Factors	38
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	38
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	38
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	38
Item 5. Other Information	38
Item 6. Exhibits	39
INDEX TO EXHIBITS	39
SIGNATURES	40

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except par value)

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	100,360	$	119,624
Short-term investments		23,678		19,557
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $890 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		61,451		42,164
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		18,864		12,063
Total current assets		204,353		193,408
Property and equipment, net		42,990		40,174
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		5,389		6,002
Goodwill		14,123		14,123
Intangible assets, net		16,298		18,055
Deferred tax assets, net		76		64
Other non-current assets		7,043		6,845
Total assets	$	290,272	$	278,671
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,279	$	6,388
Accrued compensation and related benefits		10,994		16,948
Accrued and other current liabilities		5,497		5,581
Operating lease liabilities – current portion		1,538		1,412
Deferred revenues – current portion		29,915		26,019
Billings in excess of recognized revenues		1,854		1,852
Total current liabilities		52,077		58,200
Long-term income taxes payable		2,430		2,622
Non-current portion of operating lease liabilities		5,260		5,932
Other non-current liabilities		6,335		1,905
Total liabilities		66,102		68,659
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.00015 par value, 5,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding		—		—
Common stock, $0.00015 par value, 70,000 shares authorized; shares issued 49,205 and 48,613, respectively; shares outstanding 37,879 and 37,431, respectively		6		6
Additional paid-in-capital		459,072		447,415
Treasury stock at cost, 11,326 and 11,182 shares, respectively		(138,278)		(133,709)
Accumulated deficit		(93,960)		(101,150)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(2,670)		(2,550)
Total stockholders’ equity		224,170		210,012
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	290,272	$	278,671

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

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PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues:
Analytics	$	37,134	$	31,117	$	73,460	$	61,543
Integrated Yield Ramp		4,467		3,551		8,900		6,623
Total revenues		41,601		34,668		82,360		68,166
Costs and Expenses:
Costs of revenues		12,369		12,042		24,273		23,571
Research and development		12,264		13,374		25,315		27,463
Selling, general, and administrative		14,766		9,770		30,411		20,609
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		326		314		651		628
Interest and other expense (income), net		(1,071)		(991)		(1,982)		(1,301)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)		2,947		159		3,692		(2,804)
Income tax expense (benefit)		(3,888)		1,306		(3,498)		2,493
Net income (loss)	$	6,835	$	(1,147)	$	7,190	$	(5,297)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax		(387)		(1,037)		(127)		(1,434)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) related to available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax		—		—		7		(34)
Total other comprehensive loss		(387)		(1,037)		(120)		(1,468)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	6,448	$	(2,184)	$	7,070	$	(6,765)
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.18	$	(0.03)	$	0.19	$	(0.14)
Diluted	$	0.17	$	(0.03)	$	0.18	$	(0.14)
Weighted average common shares used to calculate net income (loss) per share:
Basic		37,859		37,028		37,799		37,316
Diluted		39,076		37,028		38,968		37,316

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

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PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
											Accumulated
				Additional							Other		Total
	Common Stock			Paid-In		Treasury Stock			Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Shares	Amount		Deficit		Loss		Equity
Balances, December 31, 2022	37,431	$	6	$	447,415	11,182	$	(133,709)	$	(101,150)	$	(2,550)	$	210,012
Issuance of common stock in connection with employee stock purchase plans	98		—		1,663	—		—		—		—		1,663
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of options	21		—		345	—		—		—		—		345
Vesting of restricted stock units	286		—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock awards	—		—		—	133		(4,101)		—		—		(4,101)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		4,884	—		—		—		—		4,884
Comprehensive income	—		—		—	—		—		355		267		622
Balances, March 31, 2023	37,836		6		454,307	11,315		(137,810)		(100,795)		(2,283)		213,425
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of options	6		—		87	—		—		—		—		87
Vesting of restricted stock units	37		—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock awards	—		—		—	11		(468)		—		—		(468)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		4,678	—		—		—		—		4,678
Comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—	—		—		6,835		(387)		6,448
Balances, June 30, 2023	37,879	$	6	$	459,072	11,326	$	(138,278)	$	(93,960)	$	(2,670)	$	224,170

	Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
											Accumulated
				Additional							Other		Total
	Common Stock			Paid-In		Treasury Stock			Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Shares	Amount		Deficit		Loss		Equity
Balances, December 31, 2021	37,411	$	6	$	423,069	10,003	$	(104,705)	$	(97,721)	$	(1,064)	$	219,585
Issuance of common stock in connection with employee stock purchase plans	95		—		1,502	—		—		—		—		1,502
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of options	75		—		675	—		—		—		—		675
Vesting of restricted stock units	232		—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock awards	—		—		—	113		(3,389)		—		—		(3,389)
Repurchase of common stock	(219)		—		—	219		(5,778)		—		—		(5,778)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		5,553	—		—		—		—		5,553
Comprehensive loss	—		—		—	—		—		(4,150)		(431)		(4,581)
Balances, March 31, 2022	37,594		6		430,799	10,335		(113,872)		(101,871)		(1,495)		213,567
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of options	12		—		113	—		—		—		—		113
Vesting of restricted stock units	84		—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock awards	—		—		—	33		(800)		—		—		(800)
Repurchase of common stock	(715)		—		—	715		(16,693)		—		—		(16,693)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		3,872	—		—		—		—		3,872
Comprehensive loss	—		—		—	—		—		(1,147)		(1,037)		(2,184)
Balances, June 30, 2022	36,975	$	6	$	434,784	11,083	$	(131,365)	$	(103,018)	$	(2,532)	$	197,875

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

5

PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	7,190	$	(5,297)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		2,544		2,773
Stock-based compensation expense		9,562		9,425
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		1,757		1,734
Amortization of costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts		962		755
Net (accretion of discounts) and amortization of premiums on short-term investments		(438)		20
Deferred taxes		(82)		17
Other		20		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(19,320)		3,910
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(7,466)		(3,208)
Operating lease right-of-use assets		603		1,238
Other non-current assets		22		1,002
Accounts payable		(2,791)		(3,633)
Accrued compensation and related benefits		(5,954)		1,362
Accrued and other liabilities		(61)		2,147
Deferred revenues		7,371		(4,789)
Billings in excess of recognized revenues		2		480
Operating lease liabilities		(536)		(1,316)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(6,615)		6,620
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities and sales of short-term investments		19,800		112,500
Purchases of short-term investments		(23,476)		(35,920)
Purchases of property and equipment		(5,694)		(4,454)
Prepayment for the purchase of property and equipment		(307)		(133)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(9,677)		71,993
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		432		788
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plans		1,663		1,502
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards		(4,569)		(4,189)
Repurchases of common stock		—		(22,471)
Net cash used in financing activities		(2,474)		(24,370)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(498)		(584)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(19,264)		53,659
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		119,624		27,684
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	100,360	$	81,343
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for taxes	$	3,134	$	1,690
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	718	$	795
Supplemental disclosure of noncash information:
Property and equipment received and accrued in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities	$	1,831	$	2,466
Advances for purchase of fixed assets transferred from prepaid assets to property and equipment	$	66	$	333
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	$	—	$	1,137

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

6

PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by PDF Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted. The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) to present a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented. The operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other interim periods or the full fiscal year. The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023.

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries after the elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions.

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates in these condensed consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, the estimated useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, assumptions made in analysis of allowance for credit losses, impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, valuation for deferred tax assets, and accounting for lease obligations, stock-based compensation expense, and income tax uncertainties and contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates and may result in material effects on the Company’s operating results and financial position.

Recent Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Adopted

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB’) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU No. 2016-13”), which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on internal information, external information, or a combination of both relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU No. 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with a forward-looking expected credit loss model, which will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU No. 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instrument, ASU No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) Targeted Transition Relief, ASU No. 2016-13, ASU No. 2019-10 Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842), and ASU No. 2019-11 Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. The subsequent ASUs do not change the core principle of the guidance in

7

ASU No. 2016-13. Instead, these amendments are intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics included within ASU No. 2016-13.

The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2023, using a modified retrospective approach, which requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption with prior periods not restated. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Management has reviewed other recently issued accounting pronouncements issued or proposed by the FASB, and does not believe any of these accounting pronouncements has had or will have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

2. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

The Company derives revenue from two sources: Analytics revenue and Integrated Yield Ramp revenue.

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and its related amendments (collectively known as “ASC 606”). ASC 606 outlines a single comprehensive model to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Revenue is recognized when control of products or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those promised products or services.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five steps:

● Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

● Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

● Determination of the transaction price

● Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

● Recognition of revenue when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied

The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectibility of consideration is probable.

Contracts with multiple performance obligations

The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of licenses, products and services, some of which are distinct and are accounted for as separate performance obligations. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the standalone selling price (“SSP”).

Analytics Revenue

Analytics revenue is derived from the following primary offerings: licenses and services for standalone software (which is primarily Exensio^® and Cimetrix^® products), software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) (which is primarily Exensio^® products), and Design-for-Inspection™ (“DFI™”) systems and Characterization Vehicle^® (“CV^®”) systems that do not include performance incentives based on customers’ yield achievement.

Revenue from standalone software is recognized depending on whether the license is perpetual or time-based. Perpetual (one-time charge) license software is recognized at the time of the inception of the arrangement when control transfers to the customers if the software license is considered as a separate performance obligation from the services offered by the Company.

8

Revenue from post-contract support is recognized over the contract term on a straight-line basis, because the Company is providing (i) support and (ii) unspecified software updates on a when-and-if available basis over the contract term. Revenue from time-based-licensed software is allocated to each performance obligation and is recognized either at a point in time or over time as follows. The license component is recognized at the time when control transfers to customers, with the post-contract support component recognized ratably over the committed term of the contract. For contracts with any combination of licenses, support, and other services, distinct performance obligations are accounted for separately. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the SSP attributed to each performance obligation.

Revenue from SaaS arrangements, which allow for the use of a cloud-based software product or service over a contractually determined period of time without the customer having to take possession of software, is accounted for as a subscription and is recognized as revenue ratably, on a straight-line basis, over the subscription period beginning on the date the service is first made available to customers. For contracts with any combination of SaaS and related services, distinct performance obligations are accounted for separately. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the SSP attributed to each performance obligation.

Revenue from DFI systems and CV systems (including Characterization services) that do not include performance incentives based on customers’ yield achievement is recognized primarily as services are performed. Where there are distinct performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their SSPs. For those contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the SSP attributed to each performance obligation. Where there are not discrete performance obligations, historically, revenue is primarily recognized as services are performed using a percentage of completion method based on costs or labor-hours inputs, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. The estimation of percentage of completion method is complex and subject to many variables that require significant judgment. Please refer to the “Significant Judgments” section of this Note for further discussion.

Integrated Yield Ramp Revenue

Integrated Yield Ramp revenue is derived from the Company’s fixed-fee engagements that include performance incentives based on customers’ yield achievement (which consists primarily of Gainshare royalties) typically based on customer’s wafer shipments, pertaining to these fixed-price contracts, which royalties are variable.

Revenue under these project-based contracts, which are delivered over a specific period of time, typically for a fixed fee component paid on a set schedule, is recognized as services are performed using a percentage of completion method based on costs or labor-hours inputs, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. Where there are distinct performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their SSPs and allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using SSP. Similar to the services provided in connection with DFI systems and CV systems that are contributing to Analytics revenue, due to the nature of the work performed in these arrangements, the estimation of percentage of completion method is complex and subject to many variables that require significant judgment. Please refer to the “Significant Judgments” section of this Note for further discussion.

The Gainshare contained in Integrated Yield Ramp contracts is a variable fee related to continued usage of the Company’s intellectual property after the fixed-fee service period ends, based on a customer’s yield achievement. Revenue derived from Gainshare is contingent upon the Company’s customers reaching certain defined production yield levels. Gainshare periods are generally subsequent to the delivery of all contractual services and performance obligations. The Company records Gainshare as a usage-based royalty derived from customers’ usage of intellectual property and records it in the same period in which the usage occurs.

9

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers into the timing of the transfer of goods and services and the geographical regions. The Company determined that disaggregating revenue into these categories achieves the disclosure objective to depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied either over time or at a point-in-time. The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue percentage by timing of revenue:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Over time	73	%	74	%	77	%	72	%
Point-in-time	27	%	26	%	23	%	28	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

International revenues accounted for approximately 46% and 51% of the Company’s total revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. International revenues accounted for approximately 45% and 49% of the Company’s total revenues during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 9, Customer and Geographic Information.

Significant Judgments

Judgments and estimates are required under ASC 606. Due to the complexity of certain contracts, the actual revenue recognition treatment required under ASC 606 for the Company’s arrangements may be dependent on contract-specific terms and may vary in some instances.

For revenue under project-based contracts for fixed-price implementation services, revenue is recognized as services are performed using a percentage-of-completion method based on costs or labor-hours input method, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. Due to the nature of the work performed in these arrangements, the estimation of percentage of completion method is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. Key factors reviewed by the Company to estimate costs to complete each contract are future labor and product costs and expected productivity efficiencies. If circumstances arise that change the original estimates of revenues, costs, or extent of progress toward completion, revisions to the estimates are made. These revisions may result in increases or decreases in estimated revenues or costs, and such revisions are reflected in revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the circumstances that gave rise to the revision become known.

The Company’s contracts with customers often include promises to transfer products, software licenses and provide services, including professional services, technical support services, and rights to unspecified updates to a customer. Determining whether licenses and services are distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately, or not distinct and thus accounted for together, requires significant judgment. The Company rarely licenses software on a standalone basis, so the Company is required to estimate the range of SSPs for each performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable because the Company does not license the software or sell the service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs.

The Company is required to record Gainshare revenue in the same period in which the usage occurs. Because the Company generally does not receive the acknowledgment reports from its customers during a given quarter within the time frame necessary to adequately review the reports and include the actual amounts in quarterly results for such quarter, the Company accrues the related revenue based on estimates of customers underlying sales achievement. The Company’s estimation process can be based on historical data, trends, seasonality, changes in the contract rate, knowledge of the changes in the industry and changes in the customer’s manufacturing environment learned through discussions with customers and sales personnel. As a result of accruing revenue for the quarter based on such estimates, adjustments will be required in the following quarter to true-up revenue to the actual amounts reported.

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Contract Balances

The Company performs its obligations under a contract with a customer by licensing software or providing services in exchange for consideration from the customer. The timing of the Company’s performance often differs from the timing of the customer’s payment, which results in the recognition of a receivable, a contract asset or a contract liability.

The Company classifies the right to consideration in exchange for software or services transferred to a customer as either a receivable or a contract asset. A receivable is a right to consideration that is unconditional, as compared to a contract asset, which is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. The majority of the Company’s contract assets represent unbilled amounts related to fixed-price service contracts when the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. The contract assets are generally classified as current and are recorded on a net basis with deferred revenue (i.e., contract liabilities) at the contract level. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total contract assets included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets were $4.6 million and $3.3 million, respectively. The Company did not record any asset impairment charges related to contract assets for the periods presented.

Deferred revenues and billings in excess of recognized revenues consist substantially of amounts invoiced in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Deferred revenues that will be recognized during the succeeding twelve-month period are recorded as current deferred revenues and the remaining portion is recorded in other non-current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the non-current portion of deferred revenues included in non-current liabilities was $5.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively. Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenues and billings in excess of recognized revenues balances at the beginning of each reporting period was $10.8 million and $7.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $16.4 million and $11.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations related to customer contracts that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was approximately $244.9 million. Given the applicable contract terms with customers, more than half of this amount is expected to be recognized as revenue over the next two years with the remainder to be recognized thereafter. This amount does not include insignificant contracts to which the customer is not committed, nor significant contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue equal to the amount the Company has the right to invoice for services performed, or future sales-based or usage-based royalty payments in exchange for a license of intellectual property. This amount is subject to change due to future revaluations of variable consideration, terminations, other contract modifications, or currency adjustments. The estimated timing of the recognition of remaining unsatisfied performance obligations is subject to change and is affected by changes to the scope, change in timing of delivery of products and services, or contract modifications.

The adjustment to revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods was an increase of $1.3 million and an increase of $0.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and an increase of $3.2 million and an increase of $0.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts primarily represent changes in estimated percentage-of-completion based contracts and changes in actual versus estimated Gainshare.

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Costs to obtain or fulfill a contract

The Company capitalizes the incremental costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer, including direct sales commissions and related fees, when it expects to recover those costs. Amortization expense related to these capitalized costs is recognized over the period associated with the revenue from which the cost was incurred. Total capitalized direct sales commission costs included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were $1.9 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Total capitalized direct sales commission costs included in other non-current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were $2.9 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Amortization of these assets was $0.5 million and $0.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $1.0 million and $0.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. There was no impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods presented.

Practical expedient

The Company does not adjust the transaction price for the effects of a significant financing component when the period between the transfers of the promised good or service to the customer and payment for that good or service by the customer is expected to be one year or less. The Company assessed each of its revenue generating arrangements in order to determine whether a significant financing component exists, and determined its contracts did not include a significant financing component during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

3. BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable include amounts that are unbilled at the end of the period that are expected to be billed and collected within a 12-month period. Unbilled accounts receivable, included in accounts receivable, totaled $16.6 million and $13.5 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Unbilled accounts receivable that are not expected to be billed and collected during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded in other non-current assets and totaled $0.9 million and $0.8 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. An allowance for credit losses is maintained for probable credit losses based upon the Company’s assessment of the expected collectability of the accounts receivable. The allowance for credit losses is reviewed on a quarterly basis to assess the adequacy of the allowance.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Computer equipment	$	12,012	$	11,853
Software		5,588		5,395
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment		2,483		2,484
Leasehold improvements		6,465		6,467
Laboratory and other equipment		4,659		4,431
Test equipment		27,866		28,403
Property and equipment in progress:
DFI™ system assets		25,693		22,231
CV® system and other assets		6,580		5,105
		91,346		86,369
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(48,356)		(46,195)
Total	$	42,990	$	40,174

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Test equipment mainly includes DFI™ system and CV^® system assets at customer sites that are contributing to revenue. Property and equipment in progress represent the development or construction of property and equipment that have not yet been placed in service for the Company’s intended use and are not depreciated. 

Depreciation and amortization expense was $1.2 million and $1.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $2.5 million and $2.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of goodwill was $14.1 million.

Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):

		June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Amortization	Gross				Net		Gross				Net
	Period	Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying		Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
	(Years)	Amount		Amortization		Amount		Amount		Amortization		Amount
Acquired identifiable intangibles:
Customer relationships	1-10	$	9,407	$	(7,006)	$	2,401	$	9,407	$	(6,684)	$	2,723
Developed technology	4-9		33,635		(20,843)		12,792		33,635		(19,647)		13,988
Tradename and trademarks	2-10		1,598		(972)		626		1,598		(918)		680
Patent	6-10		2,100		(1,739)		361		2,100		(1,696)		404
Noncompetition agreements	3		848		(730)		118		848		(588)		260
Total		$	47,588	$	(31,290)	$	16,298	$	47,588	$	(29,533)	$	18,055

The weighted average amortization period for acquired identifiable intangible assets was 5.5 years as of June 30, 2023. The following table summarizes intangible assets amortization expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Amortization of acquired technology included under Costs of revenues	$	553	$	553	$	1,106	$	1,106
Amortization of acquired intangible assets presented separately under Costs and Expenses		326		314		651		628
Total amortization of acquired intangible assets	$	879	$	867	$	1,757	$	1,734

The Company expects annual amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets to be as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,	Amount
2023 (remaining six months)	$	1,734
2024		3,093
2025		2,928
2026		2,759
2027		2,606
2028 and thereafter		3,178
Total future amortization expense	$	16,298

There were no impairment charges for goodwill and intangible assets during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

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4. LEASES

The Company leases administrative and sales offices and certain equipment under non-cancellable operating leases, which contain various renewal options and, in some cases, require payment of common area costs, taxes and utilities. These operating leases expire at various dates through 2028. The Company had no leases that were classified as a financing lease as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company early terminated an office lease contract. The termination of this lease reduced the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities by approximately $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The gain from the lease termination of approximately $0.1 million was recorded under selling, general, and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Lease expense was comprised of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease expense (1)	$	384	$	353	$	771	$	698
Short-term lease and variable lease expense (2)		206		274		434		557
Total lease expense	$	590	$	627	$	1,205	$	1,255

(1) Net of gain recognized upon lease termination of $0.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022.

(2) Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense for the periods presented primarily included common area maintenance charges.

Supplemental condensed consolidated balance sheets information related to operating leases was as follows:

	June 30,			December 31,
	2023			2022
Weighted average remaining lease term under operating leases (in years)		4.9			5.3
Weighted average discount rate for operating lease liabilities		4.89	%		4.87	%

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023, were as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,	Amount (1)
2023 (remaining six months)	$	859
2024		1,627
2025		1,546
2026		1,355
2027		1,294
2028 and thereafter		992
Total future minimum lease payments		7,673
Less: Interest (2)		(875)
Present value of future minimum lease payments under operating lease liabilities (3)	$	6,798

(1) As of June 30, 2023, the total operating lease liability includes approximately $0.9 million related to an option to extend a lease term that is reasonably certain to be exercised.

(2) Calculated using incremental borrowing interest rate for each lease.

(3) Includes the current portion of operating lease liabilities of $1.5 million as of June 30, 2023.

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5. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stock Repurchase Program

On June 4, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a stock repurchase program (the “2020 Program”) to repurchase up to $25.0 million of the Company’s common stock both on the open market and in privately negotiated transactions, including through Rule 10b5-1 plans, over the next two years. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, 218,858 shares were repurchased by the Company under the 2020 Program at an average price of $26.40 per share for an aggregate total price of $5.8 million. In total, 470,070 shares were repurchased under the 2020 Program at an average price of $21.91 per share, for an aggregate total price of $10.3 million.

On April 11, 2022, the Board of Directors terminated the 2020 Program, and adopted a new program (the “2022 Program”) to repurchase up to $35.0 million of the Company’s common stock both on the open market and in privately negotiated transactions, from time to time, over the next two years. In total, the Company has repurchased 714,600 shares under the 2022 Program at an average price of $23.36 per share for an aggregate total price of $16.7 million.

6. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

On June 30, 2023, the Company had the following stock-based compensation plans:

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In July 2001, the Company’s stockholders initially approved the 2001 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which was subsequently amended and restated in 2010 (as amended, the “2010 Purchase Plan”) to extend the term of the plan through May 17, 2020. Under the 2010 Purchase Plan, eligible employees could contribute up to 10% of their compensation, as defined in the 2010 Purchase Plan, towards the purchase of shares of PDF common stock at a price of 85% of the lower of the fair market value at the beginning of the offering period or the end of the purchase period. The 2010 Purchase Plan provided for twenty-four-month offering periods with four six-month purchase periods in each offering period. The 2010 Purchase Plan expired on May 17, 2020. Existing offering periods under the 2010 Plan continued through the applicable expiration date and the final offering period expired on January 31, 2022. On June 15, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which has a ten-year term (the “2021 Purchase Plan” and, together with the 2010 Purchase Plan, the “Employee Purchase Plans”). The terms of the 2021 Purchase Plan are substantially similar to those of the 2010 Purchase Plan. A twenty-four-month offering period under the 2021 Purchase Plan commenced on August 1, 2021.

The Company estimated the fair value of purchase rights granted under the 2021 Purchase Plan during the period using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions, resulting in the following weighted average fair values:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Expected life (in years)		1.25			1.25
Volatility		46.70	%		48.90	%
Risk-free interest rate		4.48	%		0.86	%
Expected dividend		—			—
Weighted average fair value of purchase rights granted during the period	$	11.90		$	10.76

During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, no shares were issued under the Employee Purchase Plans. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, a total of 98,216 shares were issued under the 2021 Purchase Plan, at a weighted average purchase price of $16.93 per share. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, a total of 90,040 shares were issued under the 2021 Purchase Plan, at a weighted average purchase price of $15.90 per share. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, a total of 5,203 shares were issued under the 2010 Purchase Plan, at a weighted average purchase price of $13.40 per share. As of June 30, 2023, unrecognized compensation cost related to the 2021 Purchase Plan was $0.7 million. This estimated unrecognized cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.1 years.

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As of June 30, 2023, 719,701 shares were available for future issuance under the 2021 Purchase Plan.

Stock Incentive Plans

On November 16, 2011, the Company’s stockholders initially approved the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, which has been amended and restated and approved by the Company’s stockholders a number of times since then (as approved by the stockholders through the date of this report, the “2011 Plan”) and currently expires in 2033. Under the 2011 Plan, the Company may award stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), stock grants or stock units covering shares of the Company’s common stock to employees, directors, non-employee directors and contractors. The aggregate number of shares reserved for awards under the 2011 Plan is 13.8 million shares, plus up to 3.5 million shares previously issued under the 2001 Stock Plan adopted by the Company in 2001, which expired in 2011 (the “2001 Plan”) that are either (i) forfeited or (ii) repurchased by the Company or are shares subject to awards previously issued under the 2001 Plan that expire or that terminate without having been exercised or settled in full on or after November 16, 2011. In case of awards other than options or SARs, the aggregate number of shares reserved under the 2011 Plan will be decreased at a rate of 1.33 shares issued pursuant to such awards. The exercise price for stock options must generally be at prices no less than the fair market value at the date of grant. Stock options generally expire ten years from the date of grant and become vested and exercisable over a four-year period.

As of June 30, 2023, 14.3 million shares of common stock were reserved to cover stock-based awards under the 2011 Plan, of which 3.6 million shares were available for future grant. The number of shares reserved and available under the 2011 Plan includes 0.5 million shares that were subject to awards previously made under the 2001 Plan and were forfeited, expired or repurchased by the Company after the adoption of the 2011 Plan through June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2023, there were no outstanding awards that had been granted outside of the 2011 or 2001 Plans (collectively, the “Stock Plans”).

The Company estimated the fair value of share-based awards granted under the 2011 Stock Plan during the period using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. There were no stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods, generally four years. Stock-based compensation expense before taxes related to the Company’s stock plans and employee stock purchase plans was allocated as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Costs of revenues	$	938	$	655	$	1,902	$	1,383
Research and development		1,619		1,810		3,413		4,978
Selling, general, and administrative		2,121		1,407		4,247		3,064
Stock-based compensation expense	$	4,678	$	3,872	$	9,562	$	9,425

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Additional information with respect to options under the Stock Plans during the six months ended June 30, 2023, is as follows:

	Outstanding Options
				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
		Average		Remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	Exercise		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Options	Price		Term	Value
	(in thousands)	per Share		(Years)	(in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	68	$	16.11
Granted	—		—
Exercised	(27)		16.13
Canceled	—		—
Expired	—		—
Outstanding, June 30, 2023	41	$	16.10	4.56	$	1,202
Vested and expected to vest, June 30, 2023	41	$	16.10	4.56	$	1,199
Exercisable, June 30, 2023	36	$	15.97	4.24	$	1,042

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value based on the Company’s closing stock price of $45.10 per share as of June 30, 2023. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $0.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options as of June 30, 2023, which is expected to be fully recognized in 2023, and total fair value of shares vested during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were immaterial.

Nonvested restricted stock unit activity during the six months ended June 30 2023, was as follows:

		Weighted
		Average Grant
	Shares	Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)	Per Share
Nonvested, December 31, 2022	2,124	$	21.29
Granted	81	$	37.53
Vested	(467)	$	20.98
Forfeited	(13)	$	24.11
Nonvested, June 30, 2023	1,725	$	22.12

As of June 30, 2023, there was $27.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock units. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years. Restricted stock units do not have rights to dividends prior to vesting.

7. INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense decreased by $6.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, to a $3.5 million income tax benefit as compared to a $2.5 million income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The Company’s effective tax rate expense (benefit) was (94.7%) and 88.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate decreased in the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to changes in the foreign and state taxes and year-to-date recognition of worldwide pre-tax income (loss) in relation to their forecasted amounts for full years.

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The Company’s total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, as of June 30, 2023, was $15.4 million, of which $1.9 million, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company’s total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, as of December 31, 2022, was $15.1 million, of which $2.0 million, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has recorded unrecognized tax benefits of $2.5 million, including interest and penalties of $0.6 million, as long-term taxes payable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The remaining $13.5 million has been recorded within the Company’s deferred tax assets (“DTAs”), which is subject to a full valuation allowance.

The valuation allowance was approximately $59.2 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, which was related to U.S. net federal and state DTAs. The worldwide net DTAs balance as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were not significant.

The Company conducts business globally and, as a result, files numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns in the U.S. federal and various state and foreign jurisdictions. For U.S. federal and California income tax purposes, the statute of limitations currently remains open for the tax years ended 2019 to present and 2018 to present, respectively. In addition, due to net operating loss carryback claims, the tax years 2013 through 2015 may be subject to federal examination and all of the net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards that may be utilized in future years may be subject to federal and state examination. The Company is not subject to income tax examinations in any other of its major foreign subsidiaries’ jurisdictions.

8. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period (excluding outstanding stock options and shares subject to repurchase). Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period plus the potential effect of dilutive securities which are convertible into common shares (using the treasury stock method), except in cases in which the effect would be anti-dilutive. The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands except per share amount):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	6,835	$	(1,147)	$	7,190	$	(5,297)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares outstanding		37,859		37,028		37,799		37,316
Effect of dilutive stock options, unvested restricted stock units, and shares of common stock expected to be issued under Employee Purchase Plan		1,217		—		1,169		—
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		39,076		37,028		38,968		37,316
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.18	$	(0.03)	$	0.19	$	(0.14)
Diluted	$	0.17	$	(0.03)	$	0.18	$	(0.14)

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, because the Company was in a loss position, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share as the inclusion of the potential common shares would have been anti-dilutive.

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The following table sets forth potential shares of common stock that were not included in the diluted net income (loss) per share calculation above because to do so would be anti-dilutive for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Outstanding options	—	45	—	73
Non-vested restricted stock units	12	684	10	795
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—	45	—	69
Total	12	774	10	937

9. CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker, the chief executive officer, reviews discrete financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of regularly making operating decisions, allocation of resources, and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, the Company considers itself to be in one operating and reporting segment, specifically the provision of services for differentiated data and analytics solutions to the semiconductor and electronics industries.

Revenues from an individual customer that are approximately 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated total revenues are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Customer	2023		2022		2023		2022
A	33	%	29	%	36	%	31	%

Gross accounts receivable balances (including amounts that are unbilled) from individual customers that are approximately 10% or more of the Company’s gross accounts receivable balance are as follows:

	June 30,		December 31,
Customer	2023		2022
A	40	%	29	%
B	*	%	12	%
C	*	%	12	%
D	16	%	*	%

* represents less than 10%

Revenues from customers by geographic area based on the location of the customers’ work sites are as follows (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2023				2022
			Percentage				Percentage
	Revenues		of Revenues		Revenues		of Revenues
United States	$	22,339	54	%	$	17,086	49	%
China		7,421	18			4,539	13
Rest of the world		11,841	28			13,043	38
Total revenue	$	41,601	100	%	$	34,668	100	%

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	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023				2022
			Percentage				Percentage
	Revenues		of Revenues		Revenues		of Revenues
United States	$	45,613	55	%	$	34,577	51	%
China		14,378	18			8,659	13
Rest of the world		22,369	27			24,930	36
Total revenue	$	82,360	100	%	$	68,166	100	%

Long-lived assets, net by geographic area are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
United States (1)	$	47,191	$	44,730
Rest of the world		1,188		1,446
Total long-lived assets, net	$	48,379	$	46,176

(1) Includes assets deployed at customer sites which could be outside the U.S.

10. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The multiple assumptions used to value financial instruments are referred to as inputs, and a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value is established, that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon its own market assumptions. These inputs are ranked according to a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels.

Level 1 -	Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 -	Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and market-corroborated inputs which are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 -	Inputs are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable.

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The following table represents the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and the basis for those measurements (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other
			Identical		Observable		Significant
	June 30,		Assets		Inputs		Unobservable
Assets	2023		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents
Money market mutual funds	$	75,874	$	75,874	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments (available-for-sale debt securities)
U.S. Government securities (1)		23,678		23,678		—		—
Total	$	99,552	$	99,552	$	—	$	—

	Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
			Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Assets	2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash equivalents
Money market mutual funds	$	75,738	$	75,738	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government securities (1)		1,990		1,990		—		—
Short-term investments (available-for-sale debt securities)
U.S. Government securities (1)		19,557		19,557		—		—
Total	$	97,285	$	97,285	$	—	$	—

(1) As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the amortized cost of the Company’s investments in U.S Government securities approximated their fair value due to their short-term maturities, and there have been no events or changes in circumstances that would have had a significant effect on the fair value of these securities in the periods presented. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no material realized or unrealized gains or losses, either individually or in the aggregate.

11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Strategic Partnership with Advantest — See Note 12, Strategic Partnership Agreement with Advantest And Related Party Transactions, for the discussion about the Company’s commitments under the strategic partnership with Advantest.

Operating Leases — Refer to Note 4, Leases, for the discussion about the Company’s lease commitments.

Indemnifications — The Company generally provides a warranty to its customers that its software will perform substantially in accordance with documented specifications typically for a period of 90 days following initial delivery of its products. The Company also indemnifies certain customers from third-party claims of intellectual property infringement relating to the use of its products. Historically, costs related to these guarantees have not been significant. The Company is unable to estimate the maximum potential impact of these guarantees on its future results of operations.

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Purchase Obligations — The Company has purchase obligations with certain suppliers for the purchase of goods and services entered into in the ordinary course of business. As of June 30, 2023, total outstanding purchase obligations were $24.5 million, the majority of which is due within the next 24 months.

Indemnification of Officers and Directors — As permitted by the Delaware general corporation law, the Company has included a provision in its certificate of incorporation to eliminate the personal liability of its officers and directors for monetary damages for breach or alleged breach of their fiduciary duties as officers or directors, other than in cases of fraud or other willful misconduct.

In addition, the Bylaws of the Company provide that the Company is required to indemnify its officers and directors even when indemnification would otherwise be discretionary, and the Company is required to advance expenses to its officers and directors as incurred in connection with proceedings against them for which they may be indemnified. The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors containing provisions that are in some respects broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the Delaware general corporation law. The indemnification agreements require the Company to indemnify its officers and directors against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as officers and directors other than for liabilities arising from willful misconduct of a culpable nature, to advance their expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified, and to obtain directors’ and officers’ insurance if available on reasonable terms. The Company has obtained directors’ and officers’ liability insurance in amounts comparable to other companies of the Company’s size and in the Company’s industry. Since a maximum obligation of the Company is not explicitly stated in the Company’s Bylaws or in its indemnification agreements and will depend on the facts and circumstances that arise out of any future claims, the overall maximum amount of the obligations cannot be reasonably estimated.

Legal Proceedings — From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues for losses related to litigation when a potential loss is probable, and the loss can be reasonably estimated in accordance with FASB requirements. As of June 30, 2023, the Company was not party to any material legal proceedings for which a loss was probable or an amount was accrued. From time to time, the Company may enter into contingent fee arrangements with external legal firms that may represent the Company in legal proceedings related to disputes. Contingent legal fees are accrued by the Company when they are probable and reasonably estimable.  

On May 6, 2020, the Company initiated an arbitration proceeding with the Hong Kong International Arbitration Center against SMIC New Technology Research & Development (Shanghai) Corporation (“SMIC”) due to SMIC’s failure to pay fees due to the Company under a series of contracts. The Company seeks to recover the unpaid fees, a declaration requiring SMIC to pay fees under the contracts in the future (or a lump sum payment to end the contract), and costs associated with bringing the arbitration proceeding. SMIC denies liability and an arbitration hearing was held in February 2023, with final written submissions due from the parties at the end of August. A decision is expected within this calendar year, approximately.

12. STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT WITH ADVANTEST AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In July 2020, the Company entered into a long-term strategic partnership with Advantest Corporation through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Advantest America, Inc. (collectively referred to herein as “Advantest”).

Analytics revenue recognized from Advantest was $1.8 million and $2.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $3.6 million and $5.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Accounts receivable from Advantest amounted to $10.3 million and $0.3 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Deferred revenue amounted to $14.4 million and $7.1 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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13. SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On July 5, 2023, the Company acquired 100% of the equity interest in Lantern Machinery Analytics, Inc. headquartered in Canada, a privately-held provider of automated image analysis and feature extraction artificial intelligence/machine learning software for critical inspection and metrology steps at battery cell development and manufacturing processes for the electric vehicle industry. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the Company paid approximately $1.9 million in cash on the closing date.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “could,” “projected,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential”, “target” or “continue,” the negative effect of terms like these or other similar expressions. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning: expectations about the effectiveness of our business and technology strategies; expectations regarding global economic trends; the impact of rising global inflation and interest rates, expectations regarding recent and future acquisitions; current semiconductor industry trends; expectations of continued adoption of our solutions by new and existing customers; project milestones or delays and performance criteria achieved; cost and schedule of new product development; the provision of technology and services prior to the execution of a final contract; the continuing impact of COVID-19 on the semiconductor industry and our operations or supply and demand for our products; supply chain disruptions; the success of the Company’s strategic growth opportunities and partnerships; the Company’s ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses and technologies; whether the Company can successfully convert backlog into revenue; customers’ production volumes under contracts that provide Gainshare; possible impacts from the evolving trade regulatory environment and geopolitical tensions and our ability to obtain additional financing if needed. These forward-looking statements are only predictions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections about future events and are inherently subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated or projected. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date of filing and we further caution investors that our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. We assume no obligation to update publicly any such forward-looking statements. In evaluating these statements, you should specifically consider various factors, including the risk factors set forth in Item 1. “Business” and Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10 K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 1, 2023. All references to “we”, “us”, “our”, “PDF”, “PDF Solutions” or “the Company” refer to PDF Solutions, Inc.

Cimetrix, CV, DFI, Exensio, PDF Solutions, and the PDF Solutions, Exensio, and Cimetrix logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of PDF Solutions, Inc. or its subsidiaries.

Overview

We offer products and services designed to empower organizations across the semiconductor and electronics ecosystems to connect, collect, manage, and analyze data about design, equipment, manufacturing, and test to improve the yield and quality of their products. We derive revenues from two sources: Analytics and Integrated Yield Ramp Our offerings combine proprietary software, professional services using proven methodologies and third-party cloud-hosting platforms for software-as-a-service (“SaaS”), electrical measurement hardware tools, and physical intellectual property (“IP”) for integrated circuit (“IC”) designs. We primarily monetize our offerings through license fees and contract fees for professional services and SaaS. In some cases, especially on our historical IYR engagements, we also receive a value-based variable fee or royalty, which we call Gainshare. Our products, services, and solutions have been sold to integrated device manufacturers (“IDMs”), fabless semiconductor companies, foundries, out-sourced semiconductor assembly and test (“OSATs”), capital equipment manufacturers and system houses.

We are headquartered in Santa Clara, California and also operate worldwide with offices in Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.

Industry Trends

Certain trends may affect our Analytics revenue specifically. In particular, the confluence of Industry 4.0 (i.e. the fourth industrial revolution, or the automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies and processes) and cloud computing (i.e. the on-demand availability of computing resources and data storage without direct active management by the user) is

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driving increased innovation in semiconductor and electronics manufacturing and analytics, as well as in the organization of information technology (“IT”) networks and computing at semiconductor and electronics companies across the ecosystem. First, the ubiquity of wireless connectivity and sensor technology enables any manufacturing company to augment its factories and visualize its entire production line. In parallel, the cost per terabyte of data storage has continually decreased year to year. The combination of these two trends means that more data is collected and stored than ever before. Further, semiconductor companies are striving to analyze these very large data sets in real-time to make rapid decisions that measurably improve manufacturing efficiency and quality. In parallel, the traditional practice of on-site data storage, even for highly sensitive data, is changing. The ability to cost-effectively and securely store, analyze, and retrieve massive quantities of data from the cloud versus on-premise enables data to be utilized across a much broader population of users, frequently resulting in greater demands on analytics programs. The combination of these latter two trends means that cloud-based, analytic programs that effectively manage identity management, physical security, and data protection are increasingly in demand for insights and efficiencies across the organizations of these companies. We believe that all these trends will continue for the next few years, and the challenges involved in adopting Industry 4.0 and secure cloud computing will create opportunities for our combination of advanced analytics capabilities, proven and established supporting infrastructure, and professional services to configure our products to meet customers’ specialized needs.

Other trends may continue to affect our characterization services business and Integrated Yield Ramp revenue specifically. The logic foundry market at the leading-edge nodes, such as 10nm, 7nm, and smaller, underwent significant change over the past few years. The leading foundry continues to dominate market share as other foundries started later than originally forecast in some cases. This trend will likely continue to impact our characterization services business on these nodes. We expect most logic foundries to invest in derivatives of older process nodes, such as 28nm and 14nm, to extract additional value as many of their customers will not move to advanced nodes due to either technological barriers or restrictive economics. Foundries that participate at leading edge nodes are expected to continue to invest in new technologies such as memory, packaging, and multi-patterned and extreme ultraviolet lithography, as well as new innovations in process control and variability management. We expect China’s investment in semiconductors to continue. Compliance with changing U.S. export restrictions limit our possible business with Chinese semiconductor manufacturers on advanced nodes. As a result of these market developments, we have chosen to focus our resources and investments in products, services, and solutions for analytics.

There are other global or business trends that may affect our business opportunities generally as follows:

● Continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. A continuing effect of the COVID-19 pandemic is a global shortage in semiconductors due primarily to supply chain disruptions. Some market segments, including automotive semiconductors, continue to have shortages in production. Although COVID-19 related shortages have not materially affected our business, this trend may affect our future business opportunities, particularly future Gainshare and Cimetrix run-time licenses, if our customers’ production volumes decrease.

● Impacts from inventory cycles. With the easing of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, the demand for semiconductors from hardware sales supporting work-from-home has waned. In addition, the strength of the subsequent economic recovery has varied by region. A result has been increased semiconductor inventories for several product segments. The industry has experienced reduced semiconductor fab utilization rates, and semiconductor capital equipment orders. If these trends persist, the overall reduction in demand may affect our Analytics revenue and our Integrated Yield Ramp gainshare revenue.

● Continuing demand for consumer electronics. The demand for consumer electronics, communications devices, and high-performance computing continues to drive technological innovation in the semiconductor industry as the need for products with greater performance, lower power consumption, reduced costs, and smaller size continues to grow with each new product generation. In addition, advances in computing systems and mobile devices continue to fuel demand for higher capacity memory chips. To meet these demands, IC manufacturers and designers are constantly challenged to improve the overall performance of their ICs by designing and manufacturing ICs with more embedded applications to create greater functionality while lowering power and cost per transistor. As this trend continues, companies will continually be challenged to improve process capabilities to optimally produce ICs with minimal random and systematic yield loss, which is driven by the lack of compatibility between the design and its respective

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manufacturing process. We believe that these difficulties will continue to create a need for our products and services that address yield loss across the IC product life cycle.

● Impacts on the global chip supply chain. The ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war has negatively impacted the global supply chain and global energy markets, which has resulted in inflation, supply chain shortages and rising prices. Ukraine and Russia are both top suppliers of neon gas that is used in lasers and chip manufacturing, and Russia is a major producer of palladium, a rare metal used in computer components, sensors, and fuel cells. Limitations on the supply of these two elements can severely affect the global supply chain, which is already scarce. Russia also supplies much of the world’s premium nickel, which is used by electronics manufacturers to make batteries. If these trends continue or worsen, we or our customers may face a shortage of critical components. These macroeconomic impacts, including inflationary pressures and increasing global interest rates, could also increase our material, labor, and other costs.

● Changing export controls and sanctions. The U.S. government continues to expand and intensify export controls and sanctions. This includes the addition of many People’s Republic of China (“P.R.C.”) and Russian companies to the U.S. Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”) Entity List or Unverified List. These listings restrict supply to designees of items that are subject to the EAR. After an internal evaluation, we determined that a large percentage of our software products are not of U.S. origin and are, thus, not subject to the EAR. Our standard operations include development, distribution processes, software download sites, and professional service centers and processes located in various geographies around the world to better serve our customers. Some customers in the P.R.C., in particular, have nonetheless expressed concerns to us that continued action by the U.S. government could potentially interrupt their ability to make use of our products or services.

In October 2022, the U.S. government issued an interim final rule (87 Fed. Reg. 62186) with additional export control restrictions. Among several changes, the U.S. government imposed restrictions on supply to any P.R.C. fabrication facility that produces certain advanced logic or memory ICs, when the supply involves a commodity, software or technology (an “Item”) that is “subject to the EAR” or when the supply involves a “U.S. person” even if the Item is not “subject to the EAR.” Another change is a restriction on supply of an Item “subject to the EAR” destined for use in the development or production of certain IC manufacturing equipment and certain parts and components of such equipment in the P.R.C.  Industry members, including our Company, continue to generate questions and evaluate the effects of the new regulations. In addition, the U.S. government expanded the “foreign direct product rules,” and thus EAR jurisdiction and restrictions, to additional foreign-produced Items and in connection with additional restricted parties in the P.R.C. The U.S. government has informally indicated that it continues to develop further export control restrictions, a final version of the October 2022 rule, and clarifying guidance, all to be issued in the future. Other countries and jurisdictions with important roles in our industry have announced they intend to update some of their export control regulations to further align with those of the U.S. government. In addition, U.S. government officials have announced that they are developing outbound investment restrictions, which might affect some aspects of conducting business in some regions in unknown ways. The P.R.C. recently imposed restrictions on import of certain memory ICs offered by a U.S. company and has been developing its legal authorities to counter foreign sanctions. The U.S. government is renewing and amplifying its caution that visitors to the P.R.C. are subject to arbitrary enforcement of local laws and wrongful detention, a risk that could deter or hinder certain business activities. Based on our current assessments, we expect the near-term impact of these expanded trade restrictions on our business to be limited, but proposals that are still in government development and open questions of interpretation leave much unknown. We will continue to monitor for any further trade restrictions, other regulatory or policy changes by the U.S. or foreign governments and any actions in response.  We remain committed to complying with applicable law. The uncertainty caused by these recent regulations and the potential for additional future restrictions could, nonetheless, negatively affect our future sales in the P.R.C. market.

Geopolitical tensions. Geopolitical tension between the U.S. and P.R.C. continues to increase, with both governments taking actions and making statements that lean in the direction of confrontation, including on the issue of Taiwan. Growing tension also increases the risk of unintended mishap, mistake, or accident leading to escalation and global supply chain disruption. The continuing tension between the U.S. and P.R.C. and/or Russian governments in trade and security matters or the perception of that tension could lead to disruptions or reductions in international trade,

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deter or prevent purchasing activity of customers, and negatively impact our China sales (with respect to U.S.-P.R.C. tensions) and financial results in general (with respect to global tensions).

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights for the three months ended June 30, 2023, are as follows:

● Total revenues were $41.6 million, an increase of $6.9 million, or 20%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. Analytics revenue was $37.1 million, an increase of $6.0 million, or 19%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in Analytics revenue was driven by an increase in revenue from Exensio software licenses and increases in revenue from CV system, partially offset by a decrease in revenues from Cimetrix software licenses due to lower orders for runtime licenses. Integrated Yield Ramp revenue increased $0.9 million, or 26%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to an increase in Gainshare from increased customer wafer shipments at non-leading edge nodes, partially offset by a decrease in hours worked on fixed fees engagements.

● Costs of revenues increased $0.3 million, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to increases in hardware costs, third-party cloud-delivery costs and travel expenses. These increases were partially offset by decreases in personnel-related costs.

● Net income was $6.8 million, compared to a net loss of $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in net income was primarily attributable to an increase in total revenues, interest income, income tax benefits and a decrease in research and development expenses, partially offset by increases in costs of revenues and sales and marketing activities, and general and administrative expenses, which were primarily related to increases in personnel-related costs, third-party cloud-services related costs, legal expenses, travel expenses, and an increase in foreign currency transaction exchange losses.

Financial highlights for the six months ended June 30, 2023, are as follows:

● Total revenues were $82.4 million, an increase of $14.2 million, or 21%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. Analytics revenue was $73.5 million, an increase of $11.9 million, or 19%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in Analytics revenue was driven by increases in revenue from CV and DFI systems and an increase in revenue from Exensio software licenses, partially offset by a decrease in revenues from Cimetrix software licenses due to lower orders for runtime licenses. Integrated Yield Ramp revenue increased $2.3 million, or 34%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to an increase in Gainshare from increased customer wafer shipments at non-leading edge nodes, partially offset by a decrease in hours worked on fixed fees engagements.

● Costs of revenues increased $0.7 million, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to increases in travel expenses, hardware and third-party cloud-delivery costs. These increases were partially offset by decreases in facilities and IT-related costs and personnel-related costs.

● Net income was $7.2 million, compared to a net loss of $5.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in net income was primarily attributable to an increase in total revenues, interest income, income tax benefits and a decrease in research and development expenses, partially offset by increases in costs of revenues and sales and marketing activities, and general and administrative expenses, which were primarily related to increases in personnel-related costs, legal fees related to the arbitration proceeding over a disputed customer contract, travel expenses, third-party cloud-services related costs, facilities and IT-related costs, and an increase in foreign currency transaction exchange losses.

● Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments at June 30, 2023 were $124.0 million, compared to $139.2 million as of December 31, 2022, a decrease of $15.1 million, primarily due to payments of accrued bonuses, legal fees related to the arbitration proceeding over a disputed customer contract, purchases of property and

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equipment, and taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards, partially offset by cash collection from customers, proceeds from purchases under our employee stock purchase plan, and proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

Critical Accounting Estimates

See Note 1, Basis of Presentation And Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for a description of recent accounting pronouncements and accounting changes, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on our condensed consolidated financial statements, and to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023.

There were no material changes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following is a brief discussion of the more significant accounting policies and methods that we use.

General

Our discussion and analysis of our financial conditions, results of operations and cash flows are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Our preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The most significant estimates and assumptions relate to revenue recognition, valuation of long-lived assets including goodwill and intangible assets, and the realization of deferred tax assets. Actual amounts may differ from such estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue Recognition

We derive revenue from two sources: Analytics and Integrated Yield Ramp.

Analytics Revenue

Analytics revenue is derived from the following primary offerings: licenses and services for standalone Software (which consists primarily of Exensio and Cimetrix products), SaaS (which consists primarily of Exensio products), and DFI and CV systems (including Characterization services) that do not include performance incentives based on customers’ yield achievement.

Revenue from standalone software is recognized depending on whether the license is perpetual or time-based. Perpetual (one-time charge) license software is recognized at the time of the inception of the arrangement when control transfers to the customers, if the software license is distinct from the services offered by us. Revenue from post-contract support is recognized over the contract term on a straight-line basis, because we are providing (i) support and (ii) unspecified software updates on a when-and-if available basis over the contract term. Revenue from time-based-licensed software is allocated to each performance obligation and is recognized either at a point in time or over time as follows. The license component is recognized at the time when control transfers to customers, with the post-contract support component recognized ratably over the committed term of the contract. For contracts with any combination of licenses, support, and other services, distinct performance obligations are accounted for separately. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the standalone selling price (“SSP”) attributed to each performance obligation.

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Revenue from SaaS arrangements, which allow for the use of a cloud-based software product or service over a contractually determined period of time without taking possession of software, is accounted for as subscriptions and is recognized as revenue ratably, on a straight-line basis, over the subscription period beginning on the date the service is first made available to customers.

Revenue from DFI systems and CV systems (including Characterization services) that do not include performance incentives based on customers’ yield achievement is recognized primarily as services are performed. Where there are distinct performance obligations, we allocate revenue to all deliverables based on their SSPs. For these contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using SSP attributed to each performance obligation. Where there are not discrete performance obligations, historically, revenue is primarily recognized as services are performed using a percentage of completion method based on costs or labor-hours inputs, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. The estimation of percentage of completion method is complex and subject to many variables that require significant judgment.

Integrated Yield Ramp Revenue

Integrated Yield Ramp revenue is derived from our yield ramp engagements that include Gainshare or other performance incentives based on customers’ yield achievement.

Revenue under these project–based contracts, which are delivered over a specific period of time typically for a fixed fee component paid on a set schedule, is recognized as services are performed using a percentage of completion method based on costs or labor-hours inputs, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. Where there are distinct performance obligations, we allocate revenue to all deliverables based on their SSPs and allocate the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using SSP. Similar to the services provided in connection with DFI systems and CV systems that are contributing to Analytics revenue, due to the nature of the work performed in these arrangements, the estimation of percentage of completion method is complex and subject to many variables that require significant judgment.

The Gainshare contained in the yield ramp contracts is a variable fee related to continued usage of our IP after the fixed-fee service period ends, based on the customers’ yield achievement. Revenue derived from Gainshare is contingent upon our customers reaching certain defined production yield levels. Gainshare periods are generally subsequent to the delivery of all contractual services and performance obligations. We record Gainshare as a usage-based royalty derived from customers’ usage of intellectual property and record it in the same period in which the usage occurs.

Income Taxes

We are required to assess whether it is “more-likely-than-not” that we will realize our deferred tax assets (“DTAs”). If we believe that they are not likely to be fully realizable before the expiration dates applicable to such assets, then to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. Based on all available evidence, both positive and negative, we determined a full valuation allowance was still appropriate for our U.S. federal and state net DTAs, primarily driven by a cumulative loss incurred over the 12-quarter period ended June 30, 2023, and the likelihood that we may not utilize tax attributes before they expire. The valuation allowance was approximately $59.2 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. We will continue to evaluate the need for a valuation allowance and may change our conclusion in a future period based on changes in facts (e.g., 12-quarter cumulative profit, significant new revenue, etc.). If we conclude that we are more-likely-than-not to utilize some or all of our U.S. DTAs, we will release some or all of our valuation allowance and our tax provision will decrease in the period in which we make such determination.

We evaluate our DTAs for realizability considering both positive and negative evidence, including our historical financial performance, projections of future taxable income, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, tax planning strategies and any carryback availability. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, we estimate future taxable income based on management approved business plans. This process involves significant management judgment about assumptions that are subject to change from period to period based on changes in tax laws or variances between future projected operating performance and actual results. Changes in the net DTAs, less offsetting valuation allowance, in a period are recorded through

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the income tax provision and could have a material impact on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Our income tax calculations are based on the application of applicable U.S. federal, state, and/or foreign tax law. Our tax filings, however, are subject to audit by the respective tax authorities. Accordingly, we recognize tax liabilities based upon our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due when such estimates are more-likely-than-not to be sustained. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. To the extent the final tax liabilities are different than the amounts originally accrued, the increases or decreases are recorded as income tax expense or benefit in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). As of June 30, 2023, no deferred taxes have been provided on undistributed earnings from our international subsidiaries. We intend to reinvest the earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries in those operations indefinitely. As such, we have not provided for any foreign withholding taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries as of June 30, 2023. The earnings of our foreign subsidiaries are taxable in the U.S. in the year earned under the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income rules implemented under 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “Act”) was signed into U.S. law on August 16, 2022. The Act includes various tax provisions, including an excise tax on stock repurchases, expanded tax credits for clean energy incentives, and a corporate alternative minimum tax that generally applies to U.S. corporations with average adjusted financial statement income over a three-year period in excess of $1 billion. While the details of the computation of the tax and implementation of some of the incentives will be subject to regulations that have not yet been released by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Company does not expect the Act to materially impact its consolidated financial statements.

The Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors Act (the “CHIPS Act”) was signed into U.S. law on August 9, 2022. CHIPS Act is intended to increase domestic competitiveness in semiconductor manufacturing capacity, increase research and development in computing, artificial intelligence, clean energy, and nanotechnology through federal government programs and incentives over the next ten years. The CHIPS Act includes an advanced manufacturing tax credit equal to 25% of qualified investments in property purchased for an advanced manufacturing facility. We are evaluating the potential benefits of CHIPS Act to our business.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation using the fair value method, which requires us to measure stock-based compensation based on the grant-date fair value of the awards and recognize the compensation expense over the requisite service period. As stock-based compensation expense recognized is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

The fair value of our restricted stock units is equal to the market value of our common stock on the date of the grant. These awards are subject to time-based vesting which generally occurs over a period of four years.

The fair value of our stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, which incorporates various assumptions including volatility, expected life and interest rates. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our common stock over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected life of our stock options. The expected life is based on historical experience and on the terms and conditions of the stock options granted. The interest rate assumption is based upon observed Treasury yield curve rates appropriate for the expected life of our stock options.

Valuation of Long-lived Assets including Goodwill and Intangible Assets

We record goodwill when the purchase consideration of an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets as of the date of acquisition. We have one operating segment and one operating unit. We perform an annual impairment assessment of goodwill during the fourth quarter of each calendar year or more frequently, if required to determine if any events or circumstances exist, such as an adverse change in business climate or a decline in the overall industry demand, that would indicate that it would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its

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carrying amount, including goodwill. If events or circumstances do not indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying amount, then goodwill is not considered to be impaired and no further testing is required. If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss would be recognized equal to the amount of excess, limited to the amount of total goodwill. There was no impairment of goodwill for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

Our long-lived assets, excluding goodwill, consist of property, equipment, and intangible assets. We periodically review our long-lived assets for impairment. For assets to be held and used, we initiate our review whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset group is measured by comparison of its carrying amount to the expected future undiscounted cash flows that the asset group is expected to generate. If it is determined that an asset group is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. There was no impairment of long-lived assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Accounting Changes

See Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for a description of recent accounting pronouncements and accounting changes, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Results of Operations

Discussion of Financial Data for the Three and Six Months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenues, Costs of Revenues, and Gross Margin

	Three Months Ended										Six Months Ended
	June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2023			2022			$		%		2023			2022			$		%
Revenues:
Analytics	$	37,134		$	31,117		$	6,017	19	%	$	73,460		$	61,543		$	11,917	19	%
Integrated Yield Ramp		4,467			3,551			916	26	%		8,900			6,623			2,277	34	%
Total revenues		41,601			34,668			6,933	20	%		82,360			68,166			14,194	21	%
Costs of revenues		12,369			12,042			327	3	%		24,273			23,571			702	3	%
Gross profit	$	29,232		$	22,626		$	6,606	29	%	$	58,087		$	44,595		$	13,492	30	%
Gross margin		70	%		65	%						71	%		65	%
Analytics revenue as a percentage of total revenues		89	%		90	%						89	%		90	%
Integrated Yield Ramp revenue as a percentage of total revenues		11	%		10	%						11	%		10	%

Analytics Revenue

Analytics revenue increased $6.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in Analytics revenue was driven by an increase in revenue from Exensio software licenses and increases in revenue from CV system, partially offset by a decrease in revenues from Cimetrix software licenses due to lower orders for runtime licenses.

Analytics revenue increased $11.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in Analytics revenue was driven by increases in revenue from CV and DFI systems and an increase in revenue from Exensio software licenses, partially offset by a decrease in revenues from Cimetrix software licenses due to lower orders for runtime licenses.

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Integrated Yield Ramp Revenue

Integrated Yield Ramp revenue increased $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to an increase in Gainshare from increased customer wafer shipments at non-leading edge nodes, partially offset by a decrease in hours worked on fixed fees engagements.

Integrated Yield Ramp revenue increased $2.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to an increase in Gainshare from increased customer wafer shipments at non-leading edge nodes, partially offset by a decrease in hours worked on fixed fees engagements.

Our Integrated Yield Ramp revenue may continue to fluctuate from period to period primarily due to the contribution of Gainshare, which is dependent on many factors that are outside our control, including among others, continued production of ICs by our customers at facilities at which we generate Gainshare, sustained yield improvements by our customers, and whether we enter into new contracts containing Gainshare.

Our Analytics and Integrated Yield Ramp revenues may also fluctuate in the future and are dependent on a number of factors, including the semiconductor industry’s continued acceptance of our products, services and solutions, the timing of purchases by existing and new customers, cancellations by existing customers, and our ability to attract new customers and penetrate new markets, supply chain challenges and further penetration of our current customer base. Fluctuations in future results may also occur if any of our significant customers renegotiate pre-existing contractual commitments, including due to adverse changes in their own business.

Costs of Revenues

Costs of revenues consist primarily of costs incurred to provide and support our services, costs recognized in connection with licensing our software, IT and facilities-related costs and amortization of acquired technology. Service costs include material, hardware, personnel-related costs including compensation, employee benefits, bonus and stock-based compensation expense, subcontractor costs, overhead costs, travel, and allocated facilities-related costs. Software license costs consist of costs associated with third-party cloud-delivery related expenses and licensing third-party software used by us in providing services to our customers in solution engagements or sold in conjunction with our software products.

The increase in costs of revenues of $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to (i) a $0.4 million increase in hardware costs, (ii) a $0.2 million increase in travel expenses, and (iii) a $0.1 million increase in third-party cloud-delivery costs. These were partially offset by a $0.3 million decrease in personnel-related costs due to lower compensation expense, partially offset by an increase in stock-based compensation expense.

The increase in costs of revenues of $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to (i) a $0.3 million increase in hardware costs, (ii) a $0.3 million increase in travel expenses, (iii) a $0.3 million increase in third-party cloud-delivery costs, and (iv) a $0.1 million increase in subcontractor costs. These were partially offset by (i) a $0.2 million decrease in facilities and IT-related costs including depreciation expense and (ii) a $0.1 million decrease in personnel-related costs due to lower compensation expense, partially offset by an increase in stock-based compensation expense.

Gross Margin

Gross margin increased 5 percentage points for the three months ended June 30, 2023, to 70%, compared to 65% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The higher gross margin during the three months ended June 30, 2023, was primarily due to higher total revenue, including Gainshare, when compared to the year-ago period.

Gross margin increased 6 percentage points for the six months ended June 30, 2023, to 71%, compared to 65% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The higher gross margin during the six months ended June 30, 2023, was primarily due to higher total revenue, including Gainshare, when compared to the year-ago period.

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Operating Expenses:

Research and Development

	Three Months Ended										Six Months Ended
	June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2023			2022			$		%		2023			2022			$		%
Research and development	$	12,264		$	13,374		$	(1,110)	(8)	%	$	25,315		$	27,463		$	(2,148)	(8)	%
As a percentage of total revenues		29	%		39	%						31	%		40	%

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs including compensation, employee benefits, bonus and stock-based compensation expense, outside development services, travel, third-party cloud-services related costs, IT and facilities cost allocations to support product development activities.

Research and development expenses decreased $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to a $1.5 million decrease in personnel-related costs mostly resulting from a lower stock-based and other compensation expenses, partially offset by worldwide salary increases and increases in headcount. These were partially offset by (i) a $0.2 million increase in subcontractor expenses primarily related to Exensio and Cimetrix software, and (ii) a $0.1 million increase in third-party cloud-services related costs.

Research and development expenses decreased $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to (i) a $3.1 million decrease in personnel-related costs mostly resulting from a lower stock-based and other compensation expenses, partially offset by worldwide salary increases and increases in headcount, and (ii) a $0.2 million decrease in facilities and IT-related costs including depreciation expense. These were partially offset by (i) a $0.7 million increase in subcontractor expenses primarily related to Exensio and Cimetrix software, (ii) a $0.2 million increase in third-party cloud-services related costs, and (iii) a $0.2 million increase in travel expenses.

We anticipate our expenses in research and development will fluctuate in absolute dollars from period to period as a result of the size and the timing of product development projects.

Selling, General, and Administrative

	Three Months Ended										Six Months Ended
	June 30,						Change				June 30,						Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2023			2022			$		%		2023			2022			$		%
Selling, general, and administrative	$	14,766		$	9,770		$	4,996	51	%	$	30,411		$	20,609		$	9,802	48	%
As a percentage of total revenues		35	%		28	%						37	%		30	%

Selling, general, and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs including compensation, employee benefits, bonus, commission and stock-based compensation expense for sales, marketing, and general and administrative personnel, legal, tax and accounting services, marketing communications expenses, third-party cloud-services related costs, travel, IT, and facilities cost allocations.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $5.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to (i) a $4.6 million increase in personnel-related costs mainly resulting from increases in stock-based and other compensation expense, including commission, discretionary bonuses and employee benefit costs, headcount and worldwide salary increases, (ii) a $0.2 million increase in business acquisition costs, (iii) a $0.2 million increase in third-party cloud-services related costs, (iv) a $0.2 million increase in travel expenses, and (v) a $0.1 million increase in legal fees related to the arbitration proceeding over a disputed customer contract. These were partially offset by a $0.3 million decrease in subcontractor expenses.

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Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $9.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to (i) a $7.5 million increase in personnel-related costs mainly resulting from increases in stock-based and other compensation expense, including commission, discretionary bonuses and employee benefit costs, headcount and worldwide salary increases, (ii) a $1.8 million increase in legal fees related to the arbitration proceeding over a disputed customer contract, (iii) a $0.4 million increase in travel expenses, (iv) a $0.3 million increase in facilities and IT-related costs including depreciation expense, and (v) a $0.2 million increase in business acquisition costs. These were partially offset by a $0.4 million decrease in subcontractor expenses.

We anticipate our selling, general, and administrative expenses will fluctuate in absolute dollars from period to period as a result of cost control initiatives and to support increased selling efforts in the future.

Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets

	Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended
	June 30,				Change				June 30,				Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	$	326	$	314	$	12	4	%	$	651	$	628	$	23	4	%

Amortization of acquired intangible assets primarily consists of amortization of intangibles acquired as a result of certain business combinations.

Interest and Other Expense (Income), Net

	Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended
	June 30,				Change				June 30,				Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
Interest and other expense (income), net	$	(1,071)	$	(991)	$	(80)	8	%	$	(1,982)	$	(1,301)	$	(681)	52	%

Interest and other expense (income), net, primarily consists of interest income and foreign currency transaction exchange gains and losses.

Interest and other expense (income), net increased $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to a higher interest income resulting from higher interest rates, partially offset by higher foreign currency exchange loss resulting from a net unfavorable fluctuation in foreign exchange rates.

Interest and other expense (income), net increased $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to a higher interest income resulting from higher interest rates, partially offset by higher foreign currency exchange loss resulting from a net unfavorable fluctuation in foreign exchange rates.

Income Tax Expense

	Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended
	June 30,				Change				June 30,				Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		$		%		2023		2022		$		%
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	(3,888)	$	1,306	$	(5,194)	(398)	%	$	(3,498)	$	2,493	$	(5,991)	(240)	%

Income tax expense decreased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to changes in the foreign and state taxes and year-to-date recognition of worldwide pre-tax income (loss) in relation to their forecasted amounts for full years.

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Any significant change in our future effective tax rates could adversely impact our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Our future tax rates may be adversely affected by a number of factors including increase in expenses not deductible for tax purposes, new or changing tax legislation in the United States and in foreign countries where we are subject to tax jurisdictions, the geographic composition of our pre-tax income, the amount of our pre-tax income as business activities fluctuate, our ability to use tax attributes such as research and development tax credits and net operation losses, the tax effects of employee stock activity, audit examinations with adverse outcomes, changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and the effectiveness of our tax planning strategies.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2023, our working capital, defined as total current assets less total current liabilities, was $152.3 million, compared to $135.2 million as of December 31, 2022. Total cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments were $124.0 million as of June 30, 2023, compared to cash and cash equivalents of $139.2 million as of December 31, 2022. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries were $11.3 million and $8.8 million, respectively. We believe that our existing cash resources and anticipated funds from operations will satisfy our cash requirements to fund our operating activities, capital expenditures, other obligations for at least the next twelve months.

There has been no significant impact in respect to Liquidity and Capital Resources from the global COVID-19 pandemic.   For risk discussion about the continuing impact of global COVID-19 pandemic on our operations or demand for our products, refer to Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023.

Cash Flow Data

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		$ Change
Net cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(6,615)	$	6,620	$	(13,235)
Investing activities		(9,677)		71,993		(81,670)
Financing activities		(2,474)		(24,370)		21,896
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(498)		(584)		86
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	(19,264)	$	53,659	$	(72,923)

Net Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities

Cash flows used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023, consisted of net income, adjusted for certain non-cash items which primarily consisted of depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangible expense, amortization of costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts and net change in operating assets and liabilities.

Net cash flows used in operating activities was $6.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to net cash flows provided by operating activities of $6.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The $13.2 million decrease in cash flows from operating activities between the periods was driven primarily by (i) an increase in accounts receivable from increased invoicing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, and (ii) payments made under the Company’s bonus plan, partially offset by (a) an increase in deferred revenue due to timing of billing and revenue recognition, and (b) a significant increase in net income compared to the same period in 2022. Net income

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was $7.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to a net loss of $5.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

The major contributors to the net change in operating assets and liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2023, were as follows:

● Accounts receivable increased by $19.3 million, primarily due to higher contractual invoicing activity and an increase in unbilled accounts receivables due to the timing of billing and revenue recognition, partially offset by collections from customers. Subsequent to June 30, 2023, we collected more than half of the total $44.9 million billed accounts receivable as of that date;

● Prepaid expense and other current assets increased by $7.5 million, primarily due to an increase in income tax receivable, contract assets and deferred commission;

● Accounts payable decreased by $2.8 million primarily due to the timing of payments of vendor invoices;

● Accrued compensation and related benefits decreased by $6.0 million primarily due to the payments of accrued bonuses and a decrease in accrued commissions, partially offset by an increase in accrued contributions to the employee stock purchase plan; and

● Deferred revenue increased by $7.4 million primarily due to the timing of billing and revenue recognition.

Net Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $9.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $72.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, cash used in investing activities primarily related to purchases of short-term investments of $23.5 million and purchases of and prepayments for property and equipment of $6.0 million primarily related to our DFI and CV systems, partially offset by proceeds from maturities and sales of short-term investments of $19.8 million.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022, cash provided by investing activities primarily related to proceeds from maturities and sales of short-term investments of $112.5 million, partially offset by purchases of short-term investments of $35.9 million, and purchases of and prepayments for property and equipment of $4.6 million primarily related to our DFI and CV systems.

Net Cash Flows Used in Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $24.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, net cash used in financing activities primarily consisted of $4.6 million in cash payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards, partially offset by $2.1 million of proceeds from our employee stock purchase plans and exercise of stock options.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022, net cash used in financing activities primarily consisted of $22.5 million for the repurchase of shares of our common stock and $4.2 million in cash payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards, partially offset by $2.3 million of proceeds from our employee stock purchase plans and exercise of stock options.

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Related Party Transactions

Refer to Note 12, Strategic Partnership Agreement with Advantest and Related Party Transactions, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the discussion about related party transactions between the Company and Advantest (as defined therein).

Off-Balance Sheet Agreements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, investments in special purpose entities or undisclosed borrowings or debt.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The following discusses our exposure to market risk related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We do not currently own any equity investments, nor do we expect to own any in the foreseeable future. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could vary materially as a result of a number of factors.

Interest Rate Risk.  As of June 30, 2023, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $124.0 million. Cash and cash equivalents consisted of cash and highly liquid money market instruments and short-term investments consisted of U.S. Government securities. We would not expect our operating results or cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by the effect of a sudden change in market interest on our portfolio. A hypothetical increase in market interest rates of 100 basis points from the market rates in effect as of June 30, 2023, would cause the fair value of these investments to decrease by an immaterial amount which would not have significantly impacted our financial position or results of operations.

As of June 30, 2023, and periodically throughout the year, we have maintained cash balances in various operating accounts in excess of federally insured limits. We limit the amount of credit exposure to any financial institution by evaluating the creditworthiness of the financial institutions with which we invest and investing through more than one financial institution.

Foreign Currency and Exchange Risk. Certain of our receivables and payables for our international offices are denominated in the local currency, including the Euro, Yen and RMB. Therefore, a portion of our revenues and operating expenditures are subject to foreign currency risks. From time to time, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. We do not use foreign currency forward contracts for speculative or trading purposes. We record these forward contracts at fair value. The counterparty to these foreign currency forward contracts is a financial institution that we believe is creditworthy, and therefore, we believe the credit risk of counterparty non-performance is not significant. The change in fair value of these contracts is recorded in earnings as a component of other income (expense), net and offsets the change in fair value of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, which is also recorded in other income (expense), net. As of June 30, 2023, we had no outstanding forward contracts.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) as of June 30, 2023, in connection with the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation as of June 30, 2023, our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and is accumulated and communicated to our management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for information regarding our legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023. Any of such factors could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our result of operations or financial conditions. Additional risk factors not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business or results of operations. We may disclose changes to such factors or disclose additional factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no stock repurchases during the second quarter of 2023.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5. Other Information

Insider Adoption or Termination of Trading Arrangements

During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, none of our directors or officers informed us of the adoption or termination of a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description
10.1	PDF Solutions, Inc.’s Eighth Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, filed as Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement filed on April 27, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference.*
10.2+	Addendum #1 to Revised 2020 Contract, signed March 17, 2023, by and between PDF Solutions, Inc. and Advantest America, Inc.†
31.01	Certification of the principal executive officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†
31.02	Certification of the principal financial and accounting officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†
32.01	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
32.02	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
101	The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.†
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).†

* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

** Furnished, and not filed.

† Filed herewith.

+ Certain portions of this document that constitute confidential information have been redacted in accordance with Regulation S-K, Item 601(b)(10).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.
Date: August 8, 2023	By:	/s/ JOHN K. KIBARIAN
		John K. Kibarian
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(principal executive officer)
Date: August 8, 2023	By:	/s/ ADNAN RAZA
		Adnan Raza
		Executive Vice President, Finance and Chief
		Financial Officer
		(principal financial and accounting officer)

40

EX-10.2

CERTAIN INFORMATION INDICATED WITH [***] IN THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN OMITTED

FROM THIS EXHIBIT BECAUSE IT IS BOTH (I) NOT MATERIAL AND (II) WOULD BE

COMPETITIVELY HARMFUL IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED

‌PDF doc# 10942

Addendum #1 to Revised 2020 ContractEffective Date: November 29, 2022

THIS ADDENDUM #1 (the “Addendum”) is effective as of the date above and is entered into by and between:

PDF Solutions, Inc. (“PDF”), a corporation headquartered at 2858 De La Cruz Blvd, Santa Clara, CA 95050; and,

Advantest America, Inc. (“Licensee”), a company headquartered at 3061 Zanker Road, San Jose, CA 95134.

WHEREAS the Parties previously entered into that certain Software License & Related Services Agreement (PDF doc# 8116), dated as of March 25, 2020 (the “SLSA”), and that purchase-specific Amendment #1 to the SLSA (PDF doc# 8406), dated as of July 29, 2020, with the amendments thereto on June 5, 2022, and October 31, 2022 (as amended, the “Revised 2020 Contract,” and together with the SLSA, the “Agreement”); and,

WHEREAS the Parties now wish to add an additional item to the A&R Price Table included in the Revised 2020 Contract, as set forth herein;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

1. Addendum to A&R Price Table. The following additional item, with the fees set forth below, is added to the Revised Item/Resource Price List in A1-2 Amended and Restated Appendix D:

Item / Resource	Unit	Unit Price	Notes/Requirements
[***]
[***]	[***]	$ [***]	[***]

2. Miscellaneous. This Addendum incorporates by this reference the terms and conditions of the Agreement, which together with the additional and/or changed terms contained constitute the Parties’ complete agreement with respect to the subject matter hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the terms and conditions of the Revised 2020 Contract remain unchanged other than the addition of the additional item to the A&R Price Table, and (ii) the Revised 2020 Contract shall continue in full force and effect. The Revised 2020 Contract, as amended by this Addendum, shall hereafter be read as a single, integrated document, incorporating the changes effected by this Addendum. Capitalized terms used in this Addendum that are not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings specified in the Agreement. This Addendum may be executed in person, by electronic/digital signature, or scanned copies (images exchanged via email), and in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument.

Page 1 of 3

PDF Solutions, Inc. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION‌

PDF doc# 10942 (continued)

WHEREUPON, the Parties have caused their duly authorized representatives to execute this Addendum.

PDF SOLUTIONS, INC. 2858 De La Cruz Boulevard Santa Clara, CA 95050 (USA) (408) 280-7900 Email: legal.department@pdf.com	aDVANTEST AMERICA, INC. 3061 Zanker Road San Jose, CA 95134 (408) 456-3600 Email:Teresa.Reid@advantest.com
By: /s/ ADNAN RAZA​ ​ Printed Name: Adnan Raza Title: EVP, Fin. & CFO Date: 2023/03/17‌	By:/s/ DOUGLAS LEFEVER​ ​ Printed Name: Douglas Lefever Title: President & CEO Date: 2023/03/17​ ​

Page 2 of 3

PDF Solutions, Inc. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION‌

PDF doc# 10942 (continued)

Appendix A

KPI Demonstration on [***] system

[***]

[***]

Page 3 of 3

PDF Solutions, Inc. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION‌

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.01

CERTIFICATIONS

I, John K. Kibarian, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PDF Solutions, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

	By:	/s/ John K. Kibarian
		John K. Kibarian
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(principal executive officer)
Date: August 8, 2023

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.02

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Adnan Raza, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PDF Solutions, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

	By:	/s/ Adnan Raza
		Adnan Raza
		Executive Vice President, Finance
		and Chief Financial Officer
		(principal financial and accounting
		officer)
Date: August 8, 2023

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.01

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of PDF Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 8, 2023 (the “Report”), I, John K. Kibarian, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

	By:	/s/ John K. Kibarian
		John K. Kibarian
		President and Chief Executive
		Officer
		(principal executive officer)
Date: August 8, 2023

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.02

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of PDF Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 8, 2023 (the “Report”), I, Adnan Raza, Executive Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

10
	By:	/s/ Adnan Raza
		Adnan Raza
		Executive Vice President, Finance
		and Chief Financial Officer
		(principal financial and accounting
		officer)
Date: August 8, 2023

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Aug. 03, 2023
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-31311
Entity Registrant Name	PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	25-1701361
Entity Address, Address Line One	2858 De La Cruz Blvd.
Entity Address, City or Town	Santa Clara
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	95050
City Area Code	408
Local Phone Number	280-7900
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.00015 par value
Trading Symbol	PDFS
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		38,126,867
Entity Central Index Key	0001120914
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 100,360	$ 119,624
Short-term investments	23,678	19,557
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $890 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	61,451	42,164
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	18,864	12,063
Total current assets	204,353	193,408
Property and equipment, net	42,990	40,174
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	5,389	6,002
Goodwill	14,123	14,123
Intangible assets, net	16,298	18,055
Deferred tax assets, net	76	64
Other non-current assets	7,043	6,845
Total assets	290,272	278,671
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,279	6,388
Accrued compensation and related benefits	10,994	16,948
Accrued and other current liabilities	5,497	5,581
Operating lease liabilities - current portion	1,538	1,412
Deferred revenues - current portion	29,915	26,019
Billings in excess of recognized revenues	1,854	1,852
Total current liabilities	52,077	58,200
Long-term income taxes payable	2,430	2,622
Non-current operating lease liabilities	5,260	5,932
Other non-current liabilities	6,335	1,905
Total liabilities	66,102	68,659
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.00015 par value, 5,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
Common stock, $0.00015 par value, 70,000 shares authorized; shares issued 49,205 and 48,613, respectively; shares outstanding 37,879 and 37,431, respectively	6	6
Additional paid-in-capital	459,072	447,415
Treasury stock at cost, 11,326 and 11,182 shares, respectively	(138,278)	(133,709)
Accumulated deficit	(93,960)	(101,150)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,670)	(2,550)
Total stockholders' equity	224,170	210,012
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 290,272	$ 278,671

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parentheticals) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Accounts receivable, allowance for credit losses	$ 890
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.00015	$ 0.00015
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000	5,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.00015	$ 0.00015
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	70,000	70,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	49,205	48,613
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	37,879	37,431
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	11,326	11,182

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 41,601	$ 34,668	$ 82,360	$ 68,166
Costs and Expenses:
Costs of revenues	12,369	12,042	24,273	23,571
Research and development	12,264	13,374	25,315	27,463
Selling, general and administrative	14,766	9,770	30,411	20,609
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	326	314	651	628
Interest and other expense (income), net	(1,071)	(991)	(1,982)	(1,301)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)	2,947	159	3,692	(2,804)
Income tax expense (benefit)	(3,888)	1,306	(3,498)	2,493
Net income (loss)	6,835	(1,147)	7,190	(5,297)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(387)	(1,037)	(127)	(1,434)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) related to available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax			7	(34)
Total other comprehensive (loss)	(387)	(1,037)	(120)	(1,468)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ 6,448	$ (2,184)	$ 7,070	$ (6,765)
Net income (loss) per share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.18	$ (0.03)	$ 0.19	$ (0.14)
Net income (loss) per share, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17	$ (0.03)	$ 0.18	$ (0.14)
Weighted average common shares used to calculate net income (loss) per share, basic (in shares)	37,859	37,028	37,799	37,316
Weighted average common shares used to calculate net income (loss) per share, diluted (in shares)	39,076	37,028	38,968	37,316
Analytics
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 37,134	$ 31,117	$ 73,460	$ 61,543
Integrated Yield Ramp
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 4,467	$ 3,551	$ 8,900	$ 6,623

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Common Stock Outstanding	Additional Paid-in Capital	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Total
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	37,411		10,003
Balances at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 6	$ 423,069	$ (104,705)	$ (97,721)	$ (1,064)	$ 219,585
Issuance of common stock in connection with employee stock purchase plan (in shares)	95
Issuance of common stock in connection with employee stock purchase plan		1,502				1,502
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of options (in shares)	75
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of options		675				675
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)	232
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock grants (in shares)			113
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock grants			$ (3,389)			(3,389)
Repurchase of common stock			$ (5,778)			(5,778)
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)	(219)		219
Stock-based compensation expense		5,553				5,553
Comprehensive income (loss)				(4,150)	(431)	(4,581)
Balances (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	37,594		10,335
Balances at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 6	430,799	$ (113,872)	(101,871)	(1,495)	213,567
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	37,411		10,003
Balances at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 6	423,069	$ (104,705)	(97,721)	(1,064)	219,585
Comprehensive income (loss)						(6,765)
Balances (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022	36,975		11,083
Balances at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 6	434,784	$ (131,365)	(103,018)	(2,532)	197,875
Balances (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	37,594		10,335
Balances at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 6	430,799	$ (113,872)	(101,871)	(1,495)	213,567
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of options (in shares)	12
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of options		113				113
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)	84
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock grants (in shares)			33
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock grants			$ (800)			(800)
Repurchase of common stock	$ (715)		$ (16,693)			(16,693)
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)			715
Stock-based compensation expense		3,872				3,872
Comprehensive income (loss)				(1,147)	(1,037)	(2,184)
Balances (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022	36,975		11,083
Balances at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 6	434,784	$ (131,365)	(103,018)	(2,532)	197,875
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	37,431		11,182
Balances at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 6	447,415	$ (133,709)	(101,150)	(2,550)	210,012
Issuance of common stock in connection with employee stock purchase plan (in shares)	98
Issuance of common stock in connection with employee stock purchase plan		1,663				1,663
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of options (in shares)	21
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of options		345				345
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)	286
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock grants (in shares)			133
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock grants			$ (4,101)			(4,101)
Stock-based compensation expense		4,884				4,884
Comprehensive income (loss)				355	267	622
Balances (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	37,836		11,315
Balances at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 6	454,307	$ (137,810)	(100,795)	(2,283)	213,425
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	37,431		11,182
Balances at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 6	447,415	$ (133,709)	(101,150)	(2,550)	210,012
Comprehensive income (loss)						7,070
Balances (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	37,879		11,326
Balances at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 6	459,072	$ (138,278)	(93,960)	(2,670)	224,170
Balances (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	37,836		11,315
Balances at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 6	454,307	$ (137,810)	(100,795)	(2,283)	213,425
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of options (in shares)	6
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of options		87				87
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)	37
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock grants (in shares)			11
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock grants			$ (468)			(468)
Stock-based compensation expense		4,678				4,678
Comprehensive income (loss)				6,835	(387)	6,448
Balances (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	37,879		11,326
Balances at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 6	$ 459,072	$ (138,278)	$ (93,960)	$ (2,670)	$ 224,170

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$ 7,190	$ (5,297)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	2,544	2,773
Stock-based compensation expense	9,562	9,425
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	1,757	1,734
Amortization of costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts	962	755
Net (accretion of discounts) and amortization of premiums on short-term investments	(438)	20
Deferred taxes	(82)	17
Other	20
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(19,320)	3,910
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(7,466)	(3,208)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	603	1,238
Other non-current assets	22	1,002
Accounts payable	(2,791)	(3,633)
Accrued compensation and related benefits	(5,954)	1,362
Accrued and other liabilities	(61)	2,147
Deferred revenues	7,371	(4,789)
Billings in excess of recognized revenues	2	480
Operating lease liabilities	(536)	(1,316)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(6,615)	6,620
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities and sales of short-term investments	19,800	112,500
Purchases of short-term investments	(23,476)	(35,920)
Purchases of property and equipment	(5,694)	(4,454)
Prepayment for the purchase of property and equipment	(307)	(133)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(9,677)	71,993
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	432	788
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	1,663	1,502
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards	(4,569)	(4,189)
Repurchases of common stock		(22,471)
Net cash used in financing activities	(2,474)	(24,370)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(498)	(584)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(19,264)	53,659
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	119,624	27,684
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	100,360	81,343
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents to the balance sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents	100,360
Total cash and cash equivalents	100,360	81,343
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for taxes	3,134	1,690
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	718	795
Supplemental disclosure of noncash information:
Property and equipment received and accrued in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities	1,831	2,466
Advances for purchase of fixed assets transferred from prepaid assets to property and equipment	$ 66	333
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets		$ 1,137

XML

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by PDF Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted. The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) to present a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented. The operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other interim periods or the full fiscal year. The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023.

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries after the elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions.

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates in these condensed consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, the estimated useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, assumptions made in analysis of allowance for credit losses, impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, valuation for deferred tax assets, and accounting for lease obligations, stock-based compensation expense, and income tax uncertainties and contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates and may result in material effects on the Company’s operating results and financial position.

Recent Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Adopted

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB’) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU No. 2016-13”), which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on internal information, external information, or a combination of both relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU No. 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with a forward-looking expected credit loss model, which will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU No. 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instrument, ASU No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) Targeted Transition Relief, ASU No. 2016-13, ASU No. 2019-10 Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842), and ASU No. 2019-11 Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. The subsequent ASUs do not change the core principle of the guidance in

ASU No. 2016-13. Instead, these amendments are intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics included within ASU No. 2016-13.

The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2023, using a modified retrospective approach, which requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption with prior periods not restated. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Management has reviewed other recently issued accounting pronouncements issued or proposed by the FASB, and does not believe any of these accounting pronouncements has had or will have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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REVENUE FROM CONTRACT WITH CUSTOMERS

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

REVENUE FROM CONTRACT WITH CUSTOMERS

REVENUE FROM CONTRACT WITH CUSTOMERS

2. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

The Company derives revenue from two sources: Analytics revenue and Integrated Yield Ramp revenue.

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and its related amendments (collectively known as “ASC 606”). ASC 606 outlines a single comprehensive model to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Revenue is recognized when control of products or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those promised products or services.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five steps:

● Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

● Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

● Determination of the transaction price

● Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

● Recognition of revenue when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied

The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectibility of consideration is probable.

Contracts with multiple performance obligations

The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of licenses, products and services, some of which are distinct and are accounted for as separate performance obligations. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the standalone selling price (“SSP”).

Analytics Revenue

Analytics revenue is derived from the following primary offerings: licenses and services for standalone software (which is primarily Exensio^® and Cimetrix^® products), software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) (which is primarily Exensio^® products), and Design-for-Inspection™ (“DFI™”) systems and Characterization Vehicle^® (“CV^®”) systems that do not include performance incentives based on customers’ yield achievement.

Revenue from standalone software is recognized depending on whether the license is perpetual or time-based. Perpetual (one-time charge) license software is recognized at the time of the inception of the arrangement when control transfers to the customers if the software license is considered as a separate performance obligation from the services offered by the Company.

Revenue from post-contract support is recognized over the contract term on a straight-line basis, because the Company is providing (i) support and (ii) unspecified software updates on a when-and-if available basis over the contract term. Revenue from time-based-licensed software is allocated to each performance obligation and is recognized either at a point in time or over time as follows. The license component is recognized at the time when control transfers to customers, with the post-contract support component recognized ratably over the committed term of the contract. For contracts with any combination of licenses, support, and other services, distinct performance obligations are accounted for separately. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the SSP attributed to each performance obligation.

Revenue from SaaS arrangements, which allow for the use of a cloud-based software product or service over a contractually determined period of time without the customer having to take possession of software, is accounted for as a subscription and is recognized as revenue ratably, on a straight-line basis, over the subscription period beginning on the date the service is first made available to customers. For contracts with any combination of SaaS and related services, distinct performance obligations are accounted for separately. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the SSP attributed to each performance obligation.

Revenue from DFI systems and CV systems (including Characterization services) that do not include performance incentives based on customers’ yield achievement is recognized primarily as services are performed. Where there are distinct performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their SSPs. For those contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the SSP attributed to each performance obligation. Where there are not discrete performance obligations, historically, revenue is primarily recognized as services are performed using a percentage of completion method based on costs or labor-hours inputs, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. The estimation of percentage of completion method is complex and subject to many variables that require significant judgment. Please refer to the “Significant Judgments” section of this Note for further discussion.

Integrated Yield Ramp Revenue

Integrated Yield Ramp revenue is derived from the Company’s fixed-fee engagements that include performance incentives based on customers’ yield achievement (which consists primarily of Gainshare royalties) typically based on customer’s wafer shipments, pertaining to these fixed-price contracts, which royalties are variable.

Revenue under these project-based contracts, which are delivered over a specific period of time, typically for a fixed fee component paid on a set schedule, is recognized as services are performed using a percentage of completion method based on costs or labor-hours inputs, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. Where there are distinct performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their SSPs and allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using SSP. Similar to the services provided in connection with DFI systems and CV systems that are contributing to Analytics revenue, due to the nature of the work performed in these arrangements, the estimation of percentage of completion method is complex and subject to many variables that require significant judgment. Please refer to the “Significant Judgments” section of this Note for further discussion.

The Gainshare contained in Integrated Yield Ramp contracts is a variable fee related to continued usage of the Company’s intellectual property after the fixed-fee service period ends, based on a customer’s yield achievement. Revenue derived from Gainshare is contingent upon the Company’s customers reaching certain defined production yield levels. Gainshare periods are generally subsequent to the delivery of all contractual services and performance obligations. The Company records Gainshare as a usage-based royalty derived from customers’ usage of intellectual property and records it in the same period in which the usage occurs.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers into the timing of the transfer of goods and services and the geographical regions. The Company determined that disaggregating revenue into these categories achieves the disclosure objective to depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied either over time or at a point-in-time. The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue percentage by timing of revenue:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Over time	73	%	74	%	77	%	72	%
Point-in-time	27	%	26	%	23	%	28	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

International revenues accounted for approximately 46% and 51% of the Company’s total revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. International revenues accounted for approximately 45% and 49% of the Company’s total revenues during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 9, Customer and Geographic Information.

Significant Judgments

Judgments and estimates are required under ASC 606. Due to the complexity of certain contracts, the actual revenue recognition treatment required under ASC 606 for the Company’s arrangements may be dependent on contract-specific terms and may vary in some instances.

For revenue under project-based contracts for fixed-price implementation services, revenue is recognized as services are performed using a percentage-of-completion method based on costs or labor-hours input method, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. Due to the nature of the work performed in these arrangements, the estimation of percentage of completion method is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. Key factors reviewed by the Company to estimate costs to complete each contract are future labor and product costs and expected productivity efficiencies. If circumstances arise that change the original estimates of revenues, costs, or extent of progress toward completion, revisions to the estimates are made. These revisions may result in increases or decreases in estimated revenues or costs, and such revisions are reflected in revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the circumstances that gave rise to the revision become known.

The Company’s contracts with customers often include promises to transfer products, software licenses and provide services, including professional services, technical support services, and rights to unspecified updates to a customer. Determining whether licenses and services are distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately, or not distinct and thus accounted for together, requires significant judgment. The Company rarely licenses software on a standalone basis, so the Company is required to estimate the range of SSPs for each performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable because the Company does not license the software or sell the service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs.

The Company is required to record Gainshare revenue in the same period in which the usage occurs. Because the Company generally does not receive the acknowledgment reports from its customers during a given quarter within the time frame necessary to adequately review the reports and include the actual amounts in quarterly results for such quarter, the Company accrues the related revenue based on estimates of customers underlying sales achievement. The Company’s estimation process can be based on historical data, trends, seasonality, changes in the contract rate, knowledge of the changes in the industry and changes in the customer’s manufacturing environment learned through discussions with customers and sales personnel. As a result of accruing revenue for the quarter based on such estimates, adjustments will be required in the following quarter to true-up revenue to the actual amounts reported.

Contract Balances

The Company performs its obligations under a contract with a customer by licensing software or providing services in exchange for consideration from the customer. The timing of the Company’s performance often differs from the timing of the customer’s payment, which results in the recognition of a receivable, a contract asset or a contract liability.

The Company classifies the right to consideration in exchange for software or services transferred to a customer as either a receivable or a contract asset. A receivable is a right to consideration that is unconditional, as compared to a contract asset, which is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. The majority of the Company’s contract assets represent unbilled amounts related to fixed-price service contracts when the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. The contract assets are generally classified as current and are recorded on a net basis with deferred revenue (i.e., contract liabilities) at the contract level. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total contract assets included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets were $4.6 million and $3.3 million, respectively. The Company did not record any asset impairment charges related to contract assets for the periods presented.

Deferred revenues and billings in excess of recognized revenues consist substantially of amounts invoiced in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Deferred revenues that will be recognized during the succeeding twelve-month period are recorded as current deferred revenues and the remaining portion is recorded in other non-current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the non-current portion of deferred revenues included in non-current liabilities was $5.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively. Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenues and billings in excess of recognized revenues balances at the beginning of each reporting period was $10.8 million and $7.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $16.4 million and $11.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations related to customer contracts that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was approximately $244.9 million. Given the applicable contract terms with customers, more than half of this amount is expected to be recognized as revenue over the next two years with the remainder to be recognized thereafter. This amount does not include insignificant contracts to which the customer is not committed, nor significant contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue equal to the amount the Company has the right to invoice for services performed, or future sales-based or usage-based royalty payments in exchange for a license of intellectual property. This amount is subject to change due to future revaluations of variable consideration, terminations, other contract modifications, or currency adjustments. The estimated timing of the recognition of remaining unsatisfied performance obligations is subject to change and is affected by changes to the scope, change in timing of delivery of products and services, or contract modifications.

The adjustment to revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods was an increase of $1.3 million and an increase of $0.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and an increase of $3.2 million and an increase of $0.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts primarily represent changes in estimated percentage-of-completion based contracts and changes in actual versus estimated Gainshare.

Costs to obtain or fulfill a contract

The Company capitalizes the incremental costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer, including direct sales commissions and related fees, when it expects to recover those costs. Amortization expense related to these capitalized costs is recognized over the period associated with the revenue from which the cost was incurred. Total capitalized direct sales commission costs included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were $1.9 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Total capitalized direct sales commission costs included in other non-current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were $2.9 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Amortization of these assets was $0.5 million and $0.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $1.0 million and $0.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. There was no impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods presented.

Practical expedient

The Company does not adjust the transaction price for the effects of a significant financing component when the period between the transfers of the promised good or service to the customer and payment for that good or service by the customer is expected to be one year or less. The Company assessed each of its revenue generating arrangements in order to determine whether a significant financing component exists, and determined its contracts did not include a significant financing component during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

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BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

3. BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable include amounts that are unbilled at the end of the period that are expected to be billed and collected within a 12-month period. Unbilled accounts receivable, included in accounts receivable, totaled $16.6 million and $13.5 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Unbilled accounts receivable that are not expected to be billed and collected during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded in other non-current assets and totaled $0.9 million and $0.8 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. An allowance for credit losses is maintained for probable credit losses based upon the Company’s assessment of the expected collectability of the accounts receivable. The allowance for credit losses is reviewed on a quarterly basis to assess the adequacy of the allowance.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Computer equipment	$	12,012	$	11,853
Software		5,588		5,395
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment		2,483		2,484
Leasehold improvements		6,465		6,467
Laboratory and other equipment		4,659		4,431
Test equipment		27,866		28,403
Property and equipment in progress:
DFI™ system assets		25,693		22,231
CV® system and other assets		6,580		5,105
		91,346		86,369
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(48,356)		(46,195)
Total	$	42,990	$	40,174

Test equipment mainly includes DFI™ system and CV^® system assets at customer sites that are contributing to revenue. Property and equipment in progress represent the development or construction of property and equipment that have not yet been placed in service for the Company’s intended use and are not depreciated. 

Depreciation and amortization expense was $1.2 million and $1.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $2.5 million and $2.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of goodwill was $14.1 million.

Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):

		June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Amortization	Gross				Net		Gross				Net
	Period	Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying		Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
	(Years)	Amount		Amortization		Amount		Amount		Amortization		Amount
Acquired identifiable intangibles:
Customer relationships	1-10	$	9,407	$	(7,006)	$	2,401	$	9,407	$	(6,684)	$	2,723
Developed technology	4-9		33,635		(20,843)		12,792		33,635		(19,647)		13,988
Tradename and trademarks	2-10		1,598		(972)		626		1,598		(918)		680
Patent	6-10		2,100		(1,739)		361		2,100		(1,696)		404
Noncompetition agreements	3		848		(730)		118		848		(588)		260
Total		$	47,588	$	(31,290)	$	16,298	$	47,588	$	(29,533)	$	18,055

The weighted average amortization period for acquired identifiable intangible assets was 5.5 years as of June 30, 2023. The following table summarizes intangible assets amortization expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Amortization of acquired technology included under Costs of revenues	$	553	$	553	$	1,106	$	1,106
Amortization of acquired intangible assets presented separately under Costs and Expenses		326		314		651		628
Total amortization of acquired intangible assets	$	879	$	867	$	1,757	$	1,734

The Company expects annual amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets to be as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,	Amount
2023 (remaining six months)	$	1,734
2024		3,093
2025		2,928
2026		2,759
2027		2,606
2028 and thereafter		3,178
Total future amortization expense	$	16,298

There were no impairment charges for goodwill and intangible assets during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

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LEASES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

LEASES

LEASES

4. LEASES

The Company leases administrative and sales offices and certain equipment under non-cancellable operating leases, which contain various renewal options and, in some cases, require payment of common area costs, taxes and utilities. These operating leases expire at various dates through 2028. The Company had no leases that were classified as a financing lease as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company early terminated an office lease contract. The termination of this lease reduced the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities by approximately $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The gain from the lease termination of approximately $0.1 million was recorded under selling, general, and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Lease expense was comprised of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease expense (1)	$	384	$	353	$	771	$	698
Short-term lease and variable lease expense (2)		206		274		434		557
Total lease expense	$	590	$	627	$	1,205	$	1,255

(1) Net of gain recognized upon lease termination of $0.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022.

(2) Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense for the periods presented primarily included common area maintenance charges.

Supplemental condensed consolidated balance sheets information related to operating leases was as follows:

	June 30,			December 31,
	2023			2022
Weighted average remaining lease term under operating leases (in years)		4.9			5.3
Weighted average discount rate for operating lease liabilities		4.89	%		4.87	%

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023, were as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,	Amount (1)
2023 (remaining six months)	$	859
2024		1,627
2025		1,546
2026		1,355
2027		1,294
2028 and thereafter		992
Total future minimum lease payments		7,673
Less: Interest (2)		(875)
Present value of future minimum lease payments under operating lease liabilities (3)	$	6,798

(1) As of June 30, 2023, the total operating lease liability includes approximately $0.9 million related to an option to extend a lease term that is reasonably certain to be exercised.

(2) Calculated using incremental borrowing interest rate for each lease.

(3) Includes the current portion of operating lease liabilities of $1.5 million as of June 30, 2023.

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

5. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stock Repurchase Program

On June 4, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a stock repurchase program (the “2020 Program”) to repurchase up to $25.0 million of the Company’s common stock both on the open market and in privately negotiated transactions, including through Rule 10b5-1 plans, over the next two years. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, 218,858 shares were repurchased by the Company under the 2020 Program at an average price of $26.40 per share for an aggregate total price of $5.8 million. In total, 470,070 shares were repurchased under the 2020 Program at an average price of $21.91 per share, for an aggregate total price of $10.3 million.

On April 11, 2022, the Board of Directors terminated the 2020 Program, and adopted a new program (the “2022 Program”) to repurchase up to $35.0 million of the Company’s common stock both on the open market and in privately negotiated transactions, from time to time, over the next two years. In total, the Company has repurchased 714,600 shares under the 2022 Program at an average price of $23.36 per share for an aggregate total price of $16.7 million.

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EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

6. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

On June 30, 2023, the Company had the following stock-based compensation plans:

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In July 2001, the Company’s stockholders initially approved the 2001 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which was subsequently amended and restated in 2010 (as amended, the “2010 Purchase Plan”) to extend the term of the plan through May 17, 2020. Under the 2010 Purchase Plan, eligible employees could contribute up to 10% of their compensation, as defined in the 2010 Purchase Plan, towards the purchase of shares of PDF common stock at a price of 85% of the lower of the fair market value at the beginning of the offering period or the end of the purchase period. The 2010 Purchase Plan provided for twenty-four-month offering periods with four six-month purchase periods in each offering period. The 2010 Purchase Plan expired on May 17, 2020. Existing offering periods under the 2010 Plan continued through the applicable expiration date and the final offering period expired on January 31, 2022. On June 15, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which has a ten-year term (the “2021 Purchase Plan” and, together with the 2010 Purchase Plan, the “Employee Purchase Plans”). The terms of the 2021 Purchase Plan are substantially similar to those of the 2010 Purchase Plan. A twenty-four-month offering period under the 2021 Purchase Plan commenced on August 1, 2021.

The Company estimated the fair value of purchase rights granted under the 2021 Purchase Plan during the period using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions, resulting in the following weighted average fair values:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Expected life (in years)		1.25			1.25
Volatility		46.70	%		48.90	%
Risk-free interest rate		4.48	%		0.86	%
Expected dividend		—			—
Weighted average fair value of purchase rights granted during the period	$	11.90		$	10.76

During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, no shares were issued under the Employee Purchase Plans. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, a total of 98,216 shares were issued under the 2021 Purchase Plan, at a weighted average purchase price of $16.93 per share. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, a total of 90,040 shares were issued under the 2021 Purchase Plan, at a weighted average purchase price of $15.90 per share. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, a total of 5,203 shares were issued under the 2010 Purchase Plan, at a weighted average purchase price of $13.40 per share. As of June 30, 2023, unrecognized compensation cost related to the 2021 Purchase Plan was $0.7 million. This estimated unrecognized cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.1 years.

As of June 30, 2023, 719,701 shares were available for future issuance under the 2021 Purchase Plan.

Stock Incentive Plans

On November 16, 2011, the Company’s stockholders initially approved the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, which has been amended and restated and approved by the Company’s stockholders a number of times since then (as approved by the stockholders through the date of this report, the “2011 Plan”) and currently expires in 2033. Under the 2011 Plan, the Company may award stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), stock grants or stock units covering shares of the Company’s common stock to employees, directors, non-employee directors and contractors. The aggregate number of shares reserved for awards under the 2011 Plan is 13.8 million shares, plus up to 3.5 million shares previously issued under the 2001 Stock Plan adopted by the Company in 2001, which expired in 2011 (the “2001 Plan”) that are either (i) forfeited or (ii) repurchased by the Company or are shares subject to awards previously issued under the 2001 Plan that expire or that terminate without having been exercised or settled in full on or after November 16, 2011. In case of awards other than options or SARs, the aggregate number of shares reserved under the 2011 Plan will be decreased at a rate of 1.33 shares issued pursuant to such awards. The exercise price for stock options must generally be at prices no less than the fair market value at the date of grant. Stock options generally expire ten years from the date of grant and become vested and exercisable over a four-year period.

As of June 30, 2023, 14.3 million shares of common stock were reserved to cover stock-based awards under the 2011 Plan, of which 3.6 million shares were available for future grant. The number of shares reserved and available under the 2011 Plan includes 0.5 million shares that were subject to awards previously made under the 2001 Plan and were forfeited, expired or repurchased by the Company after the adoption of the 2011 Plan through June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2023, there were no outstanding awards that had been granted outside of the 2011 or 2001 Plans (collectively, the “Stock Plans”).

The Company estimated the fair value of share-based awards granted under the 2011 Stock Plan during the period using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. There were no stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods, generally four years. Stock-based compensation expense before taxes related to the Company’s stock plans and employee stock purchase plans was allocated as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Costs of revenues	$	938	$	655	$	1,902	$	1,383
Research and development		1,619		1,810		3,413		4,978
Selling, general, and administrative		2,121		1,407		4,247		3,064
Stock-based compensation expense	$	4,678	$	3,872	$	9,562	$	9,425

Additional information with respect to options under the Stock Plans during the six months ended June 30, 2023, is as follows:

	Outstanding Options
				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
		Average		Remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	Exercise		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Options	Price		Term	Value
	(in thousands)	per Share		(Years)	(in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	68	$	16.11
Granted	—		—
Exercised	(27)		16.13
Canceled	—		—
Expired	—		—
Outstanding, June 30, 2023	41	$	16.10	4.56	$	1,202
Vested and expected to vest, June 30, 2023	41	$	16.10	4.56	$	1,199
Exercisable, June 30, 2023	36	$	15.97	4.24	$	1,042

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value based on the Company’s closing stock price of $45.10 per share as of June 30, 2023. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $0.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options as of June 30, 2023, which is expected to be fully recognized in 2023, and total fair value of shares vested during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were immaterial.

Nonvested restricted stock unit activity during the six months ended June 30 2023, was as follows:

		Weighted
		Average Grant
	Shares	Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)	Per Share
Nonvested, December 31, 2022	2,124	$	21.29
Granted	81	$	37.53
Vested	(467)	$	20.98
Forfeited	(13)	$	24.11
Nonvested, June 30, 2023	1,725	$	22.12

As of June 30, 2023, there was $27.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock units. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years. Restricted stock units do not have rights to dividends prior to vesting.

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INCOME TAXES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

7. INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense decreased by $6.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, to a $3.5 million income tax benefit as compared to a $2.5 million income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The Company’s effective tax rate expense (benefit) was (94.7%) and 88.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate decreased in the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to changes in the foreign and state taxes and year-to-date recognition of worldwide pre-tax income (loss) in relation to their forecasted amounts for full years.

The Company’s total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, as of June 30, 2023, was $15.4 million, of which $1.9 million, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company’s total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, as of December 31, 2022, was $15.1 million, of which $2.0 million, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has recorded unrecognized tax benefits of $2.5 million, including interest and penalties of $0.6 million, as long-term taxes payable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The remaining $13.5 million has been recorded within the Company’s deferred tax assets (“DTAs”), which is subject to a full valuation allowance.

The valuation allowance was approximately $59.2 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, which was related to U.S. net federal and state DTAs. The worldwide net DTAs balance as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were not significant.

The Company conducts business globally and, as a result, files numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns in the U.S. federal and various state and foreign jurisdictions. For U.S. federal and California income tax purposes, the statute of limitations currently remains open for the tax years ended 2019 to present and 2018 to present, respectively. In addition, due to net operating loss carryback claims, the tax years 2013 through 2015 may be subject to federal examination and all of the net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards that may be utilized in future years may be subject to federal and state examination. The Company is not subject to income tax examinations in any other of its major foreign subsidiaries’ jurisdictions.

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NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

8. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period (excluding outstanding stock options and shares subject to repurchase). Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period plus the potential effect of dilutive securities which are convertible into common shares (using the treasury stock method), except in cases in which the effect would be anti-dilutive. The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands except per share amount):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	6,835	$	(1,147)	$	7,190	$	(5,297)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares outstanding		37,859		37,028		37,799		37,316
Effect of dilutive stock options, unvested restricted stock units, and shares of common stock expected to be issued under Employee Purchase Plan		1,217		—		1,169		—
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		39,076		37,028		38,968		37,316
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.18	$	(0.03)	$	0.19	$	(0.14)
Diluted	$	0.17	$	(0.03)	$	0.18	$	(0.14)

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, because the Company was in a loss position, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share as the inclusion of the potential common shares would have been anti-dilutive.

The following table sets forth potential shares of common stock that were not included in the diluted net income (loss) per share calculation above because to do so would be anti-dilutive for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Outstanding options	—	45	—	73
Non-vested restricted stock units	12	684	10	795
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—	45	—	69
Total	12	774	10	937

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CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

9. CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker, the chief executive officer, reviews discrete financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of regularly making operating decisions, allocation of resources, and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, the Company considers itself to be in one operating and reporting segment, specifically the provision of services for differentiated data and analytics solutions to the semiconductor and electronics industries.

Revenues from an individual customer that are approximately 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated total revenues are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Customer	2023		2022		2023		2022
A	33	%	29	%	36	%	31	%

Gross accounts receivable balances (including amounts that are unbilled) from individual customers that are approximately 10% or more of the Company’s gross accounts receivable balance are as follows:

	June 30,		December 31,
Customer	2023		2022
A	40	%	29	%
B	*	%	12	%
C	*	%	12	%
D	16	%	*	%

* represents less than 10%

Revenues from customers by geographic area based on the location of the customers’ work sites are as follows (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2023				2022
			Percentage				Percentage
	Revenues		of Revenues		Revenues		of Revenues
United States	$	22,339	54	%	$	17,086	49	%
China		7,421	18			4,539	13
Rest of the world		11,841	28			13,043	38
Total revenue	$	41,601	100	%	$	34,668	100	%

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023				2022
			Percentage				Percentage
	Revenues		of Revenues		Revenues		of Revenues
United States	$	45,613	55	%	$	34,577	51	%
China		14,378	18			8,659	13
Rest of the world		22,369	27			24,930	36
Total revenue	$	82,360	100	%	$	68,166	100	%

Long-lived assets, net by geographic area are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
United States (1)	$	47,191	$	44,730
Rest of the world		1,188		1,446
Total long-lived assets, net	$	48,379	$	46,176

(1) Includes assets deployed at customer sites which could be outside the U.S.

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

10. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The multiple assumptions used to value financial instruments are referred to as inputs, and a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value is established, that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon its own market assumptions. These inputs are ranked according to a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels.

Level 1 -	Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 -	Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and market-corroborated inputs which are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 -	Inputs are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable.

The following table represents the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and the basis for those measurements (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other
			Identical		Observable		Significant
	June 30,		Assets		Inputs		Unobservable
Assets	2023		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents
Money market mutual funds	$	75,874	$	75,874	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments (available-for-sale debt securities)
U.S. Government securities (1)		23,678		23,678		—		—
Total	$	99,552	$	99,552	$	—	$	—

	Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
			Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Assets	2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash equivalents
Money market mutual funds	$	75,738	$	75,738	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government securities (1)		1,990		1,990		—		—
Short-term investments (available-for-sale debt securities)
U.S. Government securities (1)		19,557		19,557		—		—
Total	$	97,285	$	97,285	$	—	$	—

(1) As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the amortized cost of the Company’s investments in U.S Government securities approximated their fair value due to their short-term maturities, and there have been no events or changes in circumstances that would have had a significant effect on the fair value of these securities in the periods presented. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no material realized or unrealized gains or losses, either individually or in the aggregate.

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Strategic Partnership with Advantest — See Note 12, Strategic Partnership Agreement with Advantest And Related Party Transactions, for the discussion about the Company’s commitments under the strategic partnership with Advantest.

Operating Leases — Refer to Note 4, Leases, for the discussion about the Company’s lease commitments.

Indemnifications — The Company generally provides a warranty to its customers that its software will perform substantially in accordance with documented specifications typically for a period of 90 days following initial delivery of its products. The Company also indemnifies certain customers from third-party claims of intellectual property infringement relating to the use of its products. Historically, costs related to these guarantees have not been significant. The Company is unable to estimate the maximum potential impact of these guarantees on its future results of operations.

Purchase Obligations — The Company has purchase obligations with certain suppliers for the purchase of goods and services entered into in the ordinary course of business. As of June 30, 2023, total outstanding purchase obligations were $24.5 million, the majority of which is due within the next 24 months.

Indemnification of Officers and Directors — As permitted by the Delaware general corporation law, the Company has included a provision in its certificate of incorporation to eliminate the personal liability of its officers and directors for monetary damages for breach or alleged breach of their fiduciary duties as officers or directors, other than in cases of fraud or other willful misconduct.

In addition, the Bylaws of the Company provide that the Company is required to indemnify its officers and directors even when indemnification would otherwise be discretionary, and the Company is required to advance expenses to its officers and directors as incurred in connection with proceedings against them for which they may be indemnified. The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors containing provisions that are in some respects broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the Delaware general corporation law. The indemnification agreements require the Company to indemnify its officers and directors against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as officers and directors other than for liabilities arising from willful misconduct of a culpable nature, to advance their expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified, and to obtain directors’ and officers’ insurance if available on reasonable terms. The Company has obtained directors’ and officers’ liability insurance in amounts comparable to other companies of the Company’s size and in the Company’s industry. Since a maximum obligation of the Company is not explicitly stated in the Company’s Bylaws or in its indemnification agreements and will depend on the facts and circumstances that arise out of any future claims, the overall maximum amount of the obligations cannot be reasonably estimated.

Legal Proceedings — From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues for losses related to litigation when a potential loss is probable, and the loss can be reasonably estimated in accordance with FASB requirements. As of June 30, 2023, the Company was not party to any material legal proceedings for which a loss was probable or an amount was accrued. From time to time, the Company may enter into contingent fee arrangements with external legal firms that may represent the Company in legal proceedings related to disputes. Contingent legal fees are accrued by the Company when they are probable and reasonably estimable.  

On May 6, 2020, the Company initiated an arbitration proceeding with the Hong Kong International Arbitration Center against SMIC New Technology Research & Development (Shanghai) Corporation (“SMIC”) due to SMIC’s failure to pay fees due to the Company under a series of contracts. The Company seeks to recover the unpaid fees, a declaration requiring SMIC to pay fees under the contracts in the future (or a lump sum payment to end the contract), and costs associated with bringing the arbitration proceeding. SMIC denies liability and an arbitration hearing was held in February 2023, with final written submissions due from the parties at the end of August. A decision is expected within this calendar year, approximately.

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STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT WITH ADVANTEST AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT WITH ADVANTEST AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT WITH ADVANTEST AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

12. STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT WITH ADVANTEST AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In July 2020, the Company entered into a long-term strategic partnership with Advantest Corporation through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Advantest America, Inc. (collectively referred to herein as “Advantest”).

Analytics revenue recognized from Advantest was $1.8 million and $2.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $3.6 million and $5.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Accounts receivable from Advantest amounted to $10.3 million and $0.3 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Deferred revenue amounted to $14.4 million and $7.1 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

13. SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On July 5, 2023, the Company acquired 100% of the equity interest in Lantern Machinery Analytics, Inc. headquartered in Canada, a privately-held provider of automated image analysis and feature extraction artificial intelligence/machine learning software for critical inspection and metrology steps at battery cell development and manufacturing processes for the electric vehicle industry. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the Company paid approximately $1.9 million in cash on the closing date.

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation, Policy

Basis of Presentation

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by PDF Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted. The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) to present a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented. The operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other interim periods or the full fiscal year. The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023.

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries after the elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions.

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Use of Estimates, Policy

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates in these condensed consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, the estimated useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, assumptions made in analysis of allowance for credit losses, impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, valuation for deferred tax assets, and accounting for lease obligations, stock-based compensation expense, and income tax uncertainties and contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates and may result in material effects on the Company’s operating results and financial position.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Policy

The Company derives revenue from two sources: Analytics revenue and Integrated Yield Ramp revenue.

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and its related amendments (collectively known as “ASC 606”). ASC 606 outlines a single comprehensive model to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Revenue is recognized when control of products or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those promised products or services.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five steps:

● Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

● Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

● Determination of the transaction price

● Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

● Recognition of revenue when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied

The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectibility of consideration is probable.

Contracts with multiple performance obligations

The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of licenses, products and services, some of which are distinct and are accounted for as separate performance obligations. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the standalone selling price (“SSP”).

Analytics Revenue

Analytics revenue is derived from the following primary offerings: licenses and services for standalone software (which is primarily Exensio^® and Cimetrix^® products), software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) (which is primarily Exensio^® products), and Design-for-Inspection™ (“DFI™”) systems and Characterization Vehicle^® (“CV^®”) systems that do not include performance incentives based on customers’ yield achievement.

Revenue from standalone software is recognized depending on whether the license is perpetual or time-based. Perpetual (one-time charge) license software is recognized at the time of the inception of the arrangement when control transfers to the customers if the software license is considered as a separate performance obligation from the services offered by the Company.

Revenue from post-contract support is recognized over the contract term on a straight-line basis, because the Company is providing (i) support and (ii) unspecified software updates on a when-and-if available basis over the contract term. Revenue from time-based-licensed software is allocated to each performance obligation and is recognized either at a point in time or over time as follows. The license component is recognized at the time when control transfers to customers, with the post-contract support component recognized ratably over the committed term of the contract. For contracts with any combination of licenses, support, and other services, distinct performance obligations are accounted for separately. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the SSP attributed to each performance obligation.

Revenue from SaaS arrangements, which allow for the use of a cloud-based software product or service over a contractually determined period of time without the customer having to take possession of software, is accounted for as a subscription and is recognized as revenue ratably, on a straight-line basis, over the subscription period beginning on the date the service is first made available to customers. For contracts with any combination of SaaS and related services, distinct performance obligations are accounted for separately. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the SSP attributed to each performance obligation.

Revenue from DFI systems and CV systems (including Characterization services) that do not include performance incentives based on customers’ yield achievement is recognized primarily as services are performed. Where there are distinct performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their SSPs. For those contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the SSP attributed to each performance obligation. Where there are not discrete performance obligations, historically, revenue is primarily recognized as services are performed using a percentage of completion method based on costs or labor-hours inputs, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. The estimation of percentage of completion method is complex and subject to many variables that require significant judgment. Please refer to the “Significant Judgments” section of this Note for further discussion.

Integrated Yield Ramp Revenue

Integrated Yield Ramp revenue is derived from the Company’s fixed-fee engagements that include performance incentives based on customers’ yield achievement (which consists primarily of Gainshare royalties) typically based on customer’s wafer shipments, pertaining to these fixed-price contracts, which royalties are variable.

Revenue under these project-based contracts, which are delivered over a specific period of time, typically for a fixed fee component paid on a set schedule, is recognized as services are performed using a percentage of completion method based on costs or labor-hours inputs, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. Where there are distinct performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their SSPs and allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using SSP. Similar to the services provided in connection with DFI systems and CV systems that are contributing to Analytics revenue, due to the nature of the work performed in these arrangements, the estimation of percentage of completion method is complex and subject to many variables that require significant judgment. Please refer to the “Significant Judgments” section of this Note for further discussion.

The Gainshare contained in Integrated Yield Ramp contracts is a variable fee related to continued usage of the Company’s intellectual property after the fixed-fee service period ends, based on a customer’s yield achievement. Revenue derived from Gainshare is contingent upon the Company’s customers reaching certain defined production yield levels. Gainshare periods are generally subsequent to the delivery of all contractual services and performance obligations. The Company records Gainshare as a usage-based royalty derived from customers’ usage of intellectual property and records it in the same period in which the usage occurs.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers into the timing of the transfer of goods and services and the geographical regions. The Company determined that disaggregating revenue into these categories achieves the disclosure objective to depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied either over time or at a point-in-time. The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue percentage by timing of revenue:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Over time	73	%	74	%	77	%	72	%
Point-in-time	27	%	26	%	23	%	28	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

International revenues accounted for approximately 46% and 51% of the Company’s total revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. International revenues accounted for approximately 45% and 49% of the Company’s total revenues during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 9, Customer and Geographic Information.

Significant Judgments

Judgments and estimates are required under ASC 606. Due to the complexity of certain contracts, the actual revenue recognition treatment required under ASC 606 for the Company’s arrangements may be dependent on contract-specific terms and may vary in some instances.

For revenue under project-based contracts for fixed-price implementation services, revenue is recognized as services are performed using a percentage-of-completion method based on costs or labor-hours input method, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. Due to the nature of the work performed in these arrangements, the estimation of percentage of completion method is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. Key factors reviewed by the Company to estimate costs to complete each contract are future labor and product costs and expected productivity efficiencies. If circumstances arise that change the original estimates of revenues, costs, or extent of progress toward completion, revisions to the estimates are made. These revisions may result in increases or decreases in estimated revenues or costs, and such revisions are reflected in revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the circumstances that gave rise to the revision become known.

The Company’s contracts with customers often include promises to transfer products, software licenses and provide services, including professional services, technical support services, and rights to unspecified updates to a customer. Determining whether licenses and services are distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately, or not distinct and thus accounted for together, requires significant judgment. The Company rarely licenses software on a standalone basis, so the Company is required to estimate the range of SSPs for each performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable because the Company does not license the software or sell the service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs.

The Company is required to record Gainshare revenue in the same period in which the usage occurs. Because the Company generally does not receive the acknowledgment reports from its customers during a given quarter within the time frame necessary to adequately review the reports and include the actual amounts in quarterly results for such quarter, the Company accrues the related revenue based on estimates of customers underlying sales achievement. The Company’s estimation process can be based on historical data, trends, seasonality, changes in the contract rate, knowledge of the changes in the industry and changes in the customer’s manufacturing environment learned through discussions with customers and sales personnel. As a result of accruing revenue for the quarter based on such estimates, adjustments will be required in the following quarter to true-up revenue to the actual amounts reported.

Contract Balances

The Company performs its obligations under a contract with a customer by licensing software or providing services in exchange for consideration from the customer. The timing of the Company’s performance often differs from the timing of the customer’s payment, which results in the recognition of a receivable, a contract asset or a contract liability.

The Company classifies the right to consideration in exchange for software or services transferred to a customer as either a receivable or a contract asset. A receivable is a right to consideration that is unconditional, as compared to a contract asset, which is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. The majority of the Company’s contract assets represent unbilled amounts related to fixed-price service contracts when the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. The contract assets are generally classified as current and are recorded on a net basis with deferred revenue (i.e., contract liabilities) at the contract level. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total contract assets included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets were $4.6 million and $3.3 million, respectively. The Company did not record any asset impairment charges related to contract assets for the periods presented.

Deferred revenues and billings in excess of recognized revenues consist substantially of amounts invoiced in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Deferred revenues that will be recognized during the succeeding twelve-month period are recorded as current deferred revenues and the remaining portion is recorded in other non-current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the non-current portion of deferred revenues included in non-current liabilities was $5.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively. Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenues and billings in excess of recognized revenues balances at the beginning of each reporting period was $10.8 million and $7.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $16.4 million and $11.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations related to customer contracts that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was approximately $244.9 million. Given the applicable contract terms with customers, more than half of this amount is expected to be recognized as revenue over the next two years with the remainder to be recognized thereafter. This amount does not include insignificant contracts to which the customer is not committed, nor significant contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue equal to the amount the Company has the right to invoice for services performed, or future sales-based or usage-based royalty payments in exchange for a license of intellectual property. This amount is subject to change due to future revaluations of variable consideration, terminations, other contract modifications, or currency adjustments. The estimated timing of the recognition of remaining unsatisfied performance obligations is subject to change and is affected by changes to the scope, change in timing of delivery of products and services, or contract modifications.

The adjustment to revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods was an increase of $1.3 million and an increase of $0.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and an increase of $3.2 million and an increase of $0.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts primarily represent changes in estimated percentage-of-completion based contracts and changes in actual versus estimated Gainshare.

Costs to obtain or fulfill a contract

The Company capitalizes the incremental costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer, including direct sales commissions and related fees, when it expects to recover those costs. Amortization expense related to these capitalized costs is recognized over the period associated with the revenue from which the cost was incurred. Total capitalized direct sales commission costs included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were $1.9 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Total capitalized direct sales commission costs included in other non-current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were $2.9 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Amortization of these assets was $0.5 million and $0.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $1.0 million and $0.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. There was no impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods presented.

Practical expedient

The Company does not adjust the transaction price for the effects of a significant financing component when the period between the transfers of the promised good or service to the customer and payment for that good or service by the customer is expected to be one year or less. The Company assessed each of its revenue generating arrangements in order to determine whether a significant financing component exists, and determined its contracts did not include a significant financing component during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Accounts Receivable, Policy

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable include amounts that are unbilled at the end of the period that are expected to be billed and collected within a 12-month period. Unbilled accounts receivable, included in accounts receivable, totaled $16.6 million and $13.5 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Unbilled accounts receivable that are not expected to be billed and collected during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded in other non-current assets and totaled $0.9 million and $0.8 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. An allowance for credit losses is maintained for probable credit losses based upon the Company’s assessment of the expected collectability of the accounts receivable. The allowance for credit losses is reviewed on a quarterly basis to assess the adequacy of the allowance.

Leases, Policy

The Company leases administrative and sales offices and certain equipment under non-cancellable operating leases, which contain various renewal options and, in some cases, require payment of common area costs, taxes and utilities. These operating leases expire at various dates through 2028. The Company had no leases that were classified as a financing lease as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

Stock-Based Compensation, Policy

The Company estimated the fair value of share-based awards granted under the 2011 Stock Plan during the period using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. There were no stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods, generally four years. Stock-based compensation expense before taxes related to the Company’s stock plans and employee stock purchase plans was allocated as follows (in thousands):

Fair Value Measurement, Policy

Fair value is the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The multiple assumptions used to value financial instruments are referred to as inputs, and a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value is established, that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon its own market assumptions. These inputs are ranked according to a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels.

Level 1 -	Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 -	Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and market-corroborated inputs which are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 -	Inputs are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable.

Accounting Standards, Policy

Recent Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Adopted

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB’) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU No. 2016-13”), which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on internal information, external information, or a combination of both relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU No. 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with a forward-looking expected credit loss model, which will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU No. 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instrument, ASU No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) Targeted Transition Relief, ASU No. 2016-13, ASU No. 2019-10 Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842), and ASU No. 2019-11 Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. The subsequent ASUs do not change the core principle of the guidance in

ASU No. 2016-13. Instead, these amendments are intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics included within ASU No. 2016-13.

The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2023, using a modified retrospective approach, which requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption with prior periods not restated. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Management has reviewed other recently issued accounting pronouncements issued or proposed by the FASB, and does not believe any of these accounting pronouncements has had or will have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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REVENUE FROM CONTRACT WITH CUSTOMERS (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

REVENUE FROM CONTRACT WITH CUSTOMERS

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied either over time or at a point-in-time. The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue percentage by timing of revenue:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Over time	73	%	74	%	77	%	72	%
Point-in-time	27	%	26	%	23	%	28	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

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BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment

Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Computer equipment	$	12,012	$	11,853
Software		5,588		5,395
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment		2,483		2,484
Leasehold improvements		6,465		6,467
Laboratory and other equipment		4,659		4,431
Test equipment		27,866		28,403
Property and equipment in progress:
DFI™ system assets		25,693		22,231
CV® system and other assets		6,580		5,105
		91,346		86,369
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(48,356)		(46,195)
Total	$	42,990	$	40,174

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):

		June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Amortization	Gross				Net		Gross				Net
	Period	Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying		Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
	(Years)	Amount		Amortization		Amount		Amount		Amortization		Amount
Acquired identifiable intangibles:
Customer relationships	1-10	$	9,407	$	(7,006)	$	2,401	$	9,407	$	(6,684)	$	2,723
Developed technology	4-9		33,635		(20,843)		12,792		33,635		(19,647)		13,988
Tradename and trademarks	2-10		1,598		(972)		626		1,598		(918)		680
Patent	6-10		2,100		(1,739)		361		2,100		(1,696)		404
Noncompetition agreements	3		848		(730)		118		848		(588)		260
Total		$	47,588	$	(31,290)	$	16,298	$	47,588	$	(29,533)	$	18,055

Schedule of Finite-lived Intangible Assets Amortization Expense

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Amortization of acquired technology included under Costs of revenues	$	553	$	553	$	1,106	$	1,106
Amortization of acquired intangible assets presented separately under Costs and Expenses		326		314		651		628
Total amortization of acquired intangible assets	$	879	$	867	$	1,757	$	1,734

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense

The Company expects annual amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets to be as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,	Amount
2023 (remaining six months)	$	1,734
2024		3,093
2025		2,928
2026		2,759
2027		2,606
2028 and thereafter		3,178
Total future amortization expense	$	16,298

There were no impairment charges for goodwill and intangible assets during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

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LEASES (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

LEASES

Schedule of Lease Expenses

Lease expense was comprised of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease expense (1)	$	384	$	353	$	771	$	698
Short-term lease and variable lease expense (2)		206		274		434		557
Total lease expense	$	590	$	627	$	1,205	$	1,255

(1) Net of gain recognized upon lease termination of $0.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022.

(2) Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense for the periods presented primarily included common area maintenance charges.

Schedule of Supplemental Operating Lease Information

Supplemental condensed consolidated balance sheets information related to operating leases was as follows:

	June 30,			December 31,
	2023			2022
Weighted average remaining lease term under operating leases (in years)		4.9			5.3
Weighted average discount rate for operating lease liabilities		4.89	%		4.87	%

Schedule of Operating Lease Liabilities and Maturities

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023, were as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,	Amount (1)
2023 (remaining six months)	$	859
2024		1,627
2025		1,546
2026		1,355
2027		1,294
2028 and thereafter		992
Total future minimum lease payments		7,673
Less: Interest (2)		(875)
Present value of future minimum lease payments under operating lease liabilities (3)	$	6,798

(1) As of June 30, 2023, the total operating lease liability includes approximately $0.9 million related to an option to extend a lease term that is reasonably certain to be exercised.

(2) Calculated using incremental borrowing interest rate for each lease.

(3) Includes the current portion of operating lease liabilities of $1.5 million as of June 30, 2023.

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EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Schedule of Share-based Payment Awards, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions

The Company estimated the fair value of purchase rights granted under the 2021 Purchase Plan during the period using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions, resulting in the following weighted average fair values:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Expected life (in years)		1.25			1.25
Volatility		46.70	%		48.90	%
Risk-free interest rate		4.48	%		0.86	%
Expected dividend		—			—
Weighted average fair value of purchase rights granted during the period	$	11.90		$	10.76

Schedule of Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized Amounts

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Costs of revenues	$	938	$	655	$	1,902	$	1,383
Research and development		1,619		1,810		3,413		4,978
Selling, general, and administrative		2,121		1,407		4,247		3,064
Stock-based compensation expense	$	4,678	$	3,872	$	9,562	$	9,425

Schedule of Share-based Payment Arrangement, Options Activity - Additional Information

Additional information with respect to options under the Stock Plans during the six months ended June 30, 2023, is as follows:

	Outstanding Options
				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
		Average		Remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	Exercise		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Options	Price		Term	Value
	(in thousands)	per Share		(Years)	(in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	68	$	16.11
Granted	—		—
Exercised	(27)		16.13
Canceled	—		—
Expired	—		—
Outstanding, June 30, 2023	41	$	16.10	4.56	$	1,202
Vested and expected to vest, June 30, 2023	41	$	16.10	4.56	$	1,199
Exercisable, June 30, 2023	36	$	15.97	4.24	$	1,042

Schedule of Share-based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock Unit Activity

Nonvested restricted stock unit activity during the six months ended June 30 2023, was as follows:

		Weighted
		Average Grant
	Shares	Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)	Per Share
Nonvested, December 31, 2022	2,124	$	21.29
Granted	81	$	37.53
Vested	(467)	$	20.98
Forfeited	(13)	$	24.11
Nonvested, June 30, 2023	1,725	$	22.12

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NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	6,835	$	(1,147)	$	7,190	$	(5,297)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares outstanding		37,859		37,028		37,799		37,316
Effect of dilutive stock options, unvested restricted stock units, and shares of common stock expected to be issued under Employee Purchase Plan		1,217		—		1,169		—
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		39,076		37,028		38,968		37,316
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.18	$	(0.03)	$	0.19	$	(0.14)
Diluted	$	0.17	$	(0.03)	$	0.18	$	(0.14)

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth potential shares of common stock that were not included in the diluted net income (loss) per share calculation above because to do so would be anti-dilutive for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Outstanding options	—	45	—	73
Non-vested restricted stock units	12	684	10	795
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—	45	—	69
Total	12	774	10	937

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CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Schedule of Revenue by Major Customers by Reporting Segments

Revenues from an individual customer that are approximately 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated total revenues are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Customer	2023		2022		2023		2022
A	33	%	29	%	36	%	31	%

Gross accounts receivable balances (including amounts that are unbilled) from individual customers that are approximately 10% or more of the Company’s gross accounts receivable balance are as follows:

	June 30,		December 31,
Customer	2023		2022
A	40	%	29	%
B	*	%	12	%
C	*	%	12	%
D	16	%	*	%

* represents less than 10%

Schedule of Revenue from External Customers Attributed to Foreign Countries by Geographic Area

Revenues from customers by geographic area based on the location of the customers’ work sites are as follows (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2023				2022
			Percentage				Percentage
	Revenues		of Revenues		Revenues		of Revenues
United States	$	22,339	54	%	$	17,086	49	%
China		7,421	18			4,539	13
Rest of the world		11,841	28			13,043	38
Total revenue	$	41,601	100	%	$	34,668	100	%

Schedule of Disclosure on Geographic Areas, Long-Lived Assets in Individual Foreign Countries by Country

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023				2022
			Percentage				Percentage
	Revenues		of Revenues		Revenues		of Revenues
United States	$	45,613	55	%	$	34,577	51	%
China		14,378	18			8,659	13
Rest of the world		22,369	27			24,930	36
Total revenue	$	82,360	100	%	$	68,166	100	%

Long-lived assets, net by geographic area are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
United States (1)	$	47,191	$	44,730
Rest of the world		1,188		1,446
Total long-lived assets, net	$	48,379	$	46,176

(1) Includes assets deployed at customer sites which could be outside the U.S.

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis

The following table represents the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and the basis for those measurements (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other
			Identical		Observable		Significant
	June 30,		Assets		Inputs		Unobservable
Assets	2023		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents
Money market mutual funds	$	75,874	$	75,874	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments (available-for-sale debt securities)
U.S. Government securities (1)		23,678		23,678		—		—
Total	$	99,552	$	99,552	$	—	$	—

	Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted
			Prices in
			Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
			Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Assets	2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash equivalents
Money market mutual funds	$	75,738	$	75,738	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government securities (1)		1,990		1,990		—		—
Short-term investments (available-for-sale debt securities)
U.S. Government securities (1)		19,557		19,557		—		—
Total	$	97,285	$	97,285	$	—	$	—

(1) As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the amortized cost of the Company’s investments in U.S Government securities approximated their fair value due to their short-term maturities, and there have been no events or changes in circumstances that would have had a significant effect on the fair value of these securities in the periods presented. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no material realized or unrealized gains or losses, either individually or in the aggregate.

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REVENUE FROM CONTRACT WITH CUSTOMERS (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) item	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Number of revenue sources | item			2
Contract with Customer, Asset, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Current, Total	$ 4,600		$ 4,600		$ 3,300
Capitalized Contract Cost, Impairment Loss	0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Short-term deferred revenue			12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount	244,900		$ 244,900
Contract with Customer, Performance Obligation Satisfied in Previous Period	1,300	500	3,200	500
Capitalized Contract Cost, Amortization	500	600	962	755
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Capitalized Contract Cost, Net, Total	1,900		1,900		1,700
Other Non-current Assets
Capitalized Contract Cost, Net, Total	2,900		2,900		2,100
Non-current Liabilities
Contract with Customer, Liability, Noncurrent Revenue Deferred	5,400		5,400		$ 1,900
Deferred Revenue and Billings in Excess of Recognized Revenue
Contract with Customer, Liability, Revenue Recognized	$ 10,800	$ 7,200	$ 16,400	$ 11,800
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue Benchmark
Percentage of Revenues	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue Benchmark | Non-US [Member]
Percentage of Revenues	46.00%	51.00%	45.00%	49.00%

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REVENUE FROM CONTRACT WITH CUSTOMERS - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Percent of revenues	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Transferred over Time [Member]
Percent of revenues	73.00%	74.00%	77.00%	72.00%
Transferred at Point in Time [Member]
Percent of revenues	27.00%	26.00%	23.00%	28.00%

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REVENUE FROM CONTRACT WITH CUSTOMERS - Additional information (Details)	Jun. 30, 2023
Software License and Related Services Agreement [Member] | Advantest America, Inc. [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2022-04-01
Revenue recognition, expected period to recognize more than half of remaining performance obligations	2 years

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BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Period over which current unbilled receivables are billed and collected			12 months
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization, Nonproduction, Total	$ 1,200,000	$ 1,400,000	$ 2,500,000	$ 2,800,000
Impairment of Intangible Assets, Finite-lived	0	0	0	0
Goodwill	14,123,000		14,123,000		$ 14,123,000
Impairment of goodwill	0	0	0	0
Amortization of Intangible Assets, Total	879,000	867,000	$ 1,757,000	1,734,000
Weighted-average amortization period intangible assets			5 years 6 months
Accounts Receivable
Unbilled Receivables, Current	16,600,000		$ 16,600,000		13,500,000
Other Non-current Assets
Unbilled Receivables, Not Expected to be Billed and Collected in Next Twelve Months	900,000		900,000		$ 800,000
Costs of Revenues
Amortization of Intangible Assets, Total	553,000	553,000	1,106,000	1,106,000
Costs and Expenses
Amortization of Intangible Assets, Total	$ 326,000	$ 314,000	$ 651,000	$ 628,000

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BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property and equipment, gross	$ 91,346	$ 86,369
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(48,356)	(46,195)
Total	42,990	40,174
Computer Equipment
Property and equipment, gross	12,012	11,853
Software
Property and equipment, gross	5,588	5,395
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment
Property and equipment, gross	2,483	2,484
Leasehold Improvements
Property and equipment, gross	6,465	6,467
Laboratory and Other Equipment
Property and equipment, gross	4,659	4,431
Test Equipment
Property and equipment, gross	27,866	28,403
In-Progress DFI System Assets
Property and equipment, gross	25,693	22,231
In-Progress CV System and Other Assets
Property and equipment, gross	$ 6,580	$ 5,105

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BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Weighted-average amortization period intangible assets	5 years 6 months
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 47,588	$ 47,588
Accumulated Amortization	(31,290)	(29,533)
Total future amortization expense	16,298
Net Carrying Amount, Total	16,298	18,055
Customer Relationships
Gross Carrying Amount	9,407	9,407
Accumulated Amortization	(7,006)	(6,684)
Total future amortization expense	$ 2,401	2,723
Customer Relationships | Minimum
Amortization Period (Year)	1 year
Customer Relationships | Maximum
Amortization Period (Year)	10 years
Developed Technology Rights
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 33,635	33,635
Accumulated Amortization	(20,843)	(19,647)
Total future amortization expense	$ 12,792	13,988
Developed Technology Rights | Minimum
Amortization Period (Year)	4 years
Developed Technology Rights | Maximum
Amortization Period (Year)	9 years
Tradename and Trademarks
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 1,598	1,598
Accumulated Amortization	(972)	(918)
Total future amortization expense	$ 626	680
Tradename and Trademarks | Minimum
Amortization Period (Year)	2 years
Tradename and Trademarks | Maximum
Amortization Period (Year)	10 years
Patents
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 2,100	2,100
Accumulated Amortization	(1,739)	(1,696)
Total future amortization expense	$ 361	404
Patents | Minimum
Amortization Period (Year)	6 years
Patents | Maximum
Amortization Period (Year)	10 years
Noncompete Agreements
Amortization Period (Year)	3 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 848	848
Accumulated Amortization	(730)	(588)
Total future amortization expense	$ 118	$ 260

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BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Annual Amortization of Identifiable Intangible Assets (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS
2023 (remaining six months)	$ 1,734
2024	3,093
2025	2,928
2026	2,759
2027	2,606
2028 and thereafter	3,178
Total future amortization expense	$ 16,298

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LEASES - Other (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) lease	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) lease
Number of finance leases | lease		0	0
Operating Lease, Liability, Amount Related to Extension of Lease Term		$ 900
Operating Lease, Liability, Current		1,538	$ 1,412
Operating lease right of use assets decrease from early lease termination	$ 500
Operating lease liability decrease from early lease termination	$ 600
Selling, General, and Administrative
Lease termination gain		$ 100

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LEASES - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
LEASES
Operating lease expense	$ 384	$ 353	$ 771	$ 698
Short-term lease and variable lease expense	206	274	434	557
Total lease expense	$ 590	$ 627	$ 1,205	1,255
Weighted average remaining lease term under operating ROU leases (in years) (Year)	4 years 10 months 24 days		4 years 10 months 24 days		5 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted average discount rate for operating lease liabilities	4.89%		4.89%		4.87%
Operating lease ROU assets obtained (in thousands)				$ 1,137

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LEASES - Maturity of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
LEASES
2023 (remaining six months)	$ 859
2024	1,627
2025	1,546
2026	1,355
2027	1,294
2028 and thereafter	992
Total future minimum lease payments	7,673
Less: Interest (2)	(875)
Present value of future minimum lease payments under operating lease liabilities (3)	$ 6,798

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STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended	15 Months Ended	37 Months Ended
	Apr. 11, 2022	Jun. 04, 2020	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023
Treasury Stock, Value, Acquired, Cost Method			$ 468	$ 4,101	$ 800	$ 3,389
2020 Stock Repurchase Program
Stock Repurchase Program, Authorized Amount		$ 25,000
Stock Repurchase Program, Period in Force (Year)		2 years
Common stock repurchased							218,858		470,070
Repurchase of common stock, weighted-average price per share							$ 26.40		$ 21.91
Repurchases of common stock, cost							$ 5,800		$ 10,300
2022 Stock Repurchase Program
Stock Repurchase Program, Authorized Amount	$ 35,000
Stock Repurchase Program, Period in Force (Year)	2 years
Common stock repurchased								714,600
Repurchase of common stock, weighted-average price per share								$ 23.36
Repurchases of common stock, cost								$ 16,700

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EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS - Other (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions				3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		140 Months Ended	227 Months Ended
	Aug. 01, 2021	Jun. 15, 2021	Nov. 16, 2011	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	May 17, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022
Stock Option Vesting Period						4 years
Common Stock, Closing Share Price				$ 45.10		$ 45.10		$ 45.10
Options Exercised in Period, Intrinsic Value						$ 0.6
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Unrecognized Compensation				$ 27.7		$ 27.7		$ 27.7
Unrecognized Compensation Recognition Period						2 years 4 months 24 days
Employee Stock Plans
Stock Incentive Plans, Stock Option Awards Outstanding				41,000		41,000		41,000		68,000
Shares Previously Issued Under the 2001 Stock Plan
Stock Incentive Plans, Cumulative Share Forfeitures, Expirations and Repurchases								500,000
Shares Previously Issued Under the 2001 Stock Plan | Maximum
Stock Incentive Plans, Common Shares Reserved for Future Issuance			3,500,000
Shares Outside of the 2001, 2011 or IDS Plans
Stock Incentive Plans, Stock Option Awards Outstanding				0		0		0
2010 Stock Purchase Plan
ESPP, Employee Contribution Rate (Percentage of Compensation)									10.00%
ESPP, Share Purchase Price (Percentage of Fair Market Value)									85.00%
ESPP, Share Offering Period Duration									24 months
ESPP, Share Purchase Periods Within Each Offering Period									4
ESPP, Share Purchase Period Duration									6 months
ESPP, Shares Issued During Period							5,203
ESPP, Weighted Average Purchase Price							$ 13.40
2011 Stock Incentive Plan
Stock Incentive Plans, Common Shares Reserved for Future Issuance			13,800,000	14,300,000		14,300,000		14,300,000
Stock Incentive Plans, Shares Available for Future Grant				3,600,000		3,600,000		3,600,000
Stock Incentive Plans, Stock Options and Awards Granted				0	0	0	0
2011 Stock Incentive Plan | Stock Options
Stock Incentive Plans, Decrease in Share Reservation Rate			1.33
Stock Option Expiration Period			10 years
Stock Option Vesting Period			4 years
2021 Stock Purchase Plan
ESPP, Employee Contribution Rate (Percentage of Compensation)	10.00%
ESPP, Share Purchase Price (Percentage of Fair Market Value)	85.00%
ESPP, Share Offering Period Duration	24 months
ESPP, Share Purchase Periods Within Each Offering Period	4
ESPP, Share Purchase Period Duration	6 months
ESPP, Purchase Plan Term		10 years
ESPP, Shares Issued During Period						98,216	90,040
ESPP, Weighted Average Purchase Price						$ 16.93	$ 15.90
ESPP, Common Shares Reserved for Future Issuance				719,701		719,701		719,701
Unrecognized Compensation				$ 0.7		$ 0.7		$ 0.7
Unrecognized Compensation Recognition Period						1 year 1 month 6 days

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EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS - Valuation Assumptions for ESPP (Details) - 2021 Stock Purchase Plan - $ / shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Expected life (in years)	1 year 3 months	1 year 3 months
Volatility	46.70%	48.90%
Risk-free interest rate	4.48%	0.86%
Expected dividend	0.00%
Weighted average fair value of purchase rights granted during the period	$ 11.90	$ 10.76

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EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS - Allocation of Recognized Period Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Stock-based compensation expenses	$ 4,678	$ 3,872	$ 9,562	$ 9,425
Costs of Revenues
Stock-based compensation expenses	938	655	1,902	1,383
Research and Development
Stock-based compensation expenses	1,619	1,810	3,413	4,978
Selling, General, and Administrative
Stock-based compensation expenses	$ 2,121	$ 1,407	$ 4,247	$ 3,064

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EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS - Stock Options Activity (Details) - Employee Stock Plans - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Options Outstanding, Beginning Balance	68
Options Exercised	(27)
Options Outstanding, Ending Balance	41
Options Vested and Expected to Vest	41
Options Exercisable	36
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning Balance	$ 16.11
Options Exercised, Weighted Average Exercise Price	16.13
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price, Ending Balance	16.10
Options Vested and Expected to Vest, Weighted Average Exercise Price	16.10
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 15.97
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	4 years 6 months 21 days
Options Vested and Expected to Vest, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	4 years 6 months 21 days
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	4 years 2 months 26 days
Options Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 1,202
Options Vested and Expected to Vest, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	1,199
Options Exercisable, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 1,042

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EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS - Nonvested Restricted Stock Units Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) shares in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Non-vested RSUs, Opening Balance | shares	2,124
RSUs Granted | shares	81
RSUs Vested | shares	(467)
RSUs Forfeited | shares	(13)
Non-vested RSUs, Ending Balance | shares	1,725
Non-vested RSUs, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 21.29
RSUs Granted, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	37.53
RSUs Vested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	20.98
RSUs Forfeited, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	24.11
Non-vested RSUs, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 22.12

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INCOME TAXES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
INCOME TAXES
Increase (Decrease) in Income Taxes			$ (6,000)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	$ (3,888)	$ 1,306	$ (3,498)	$ 2,493
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent, Total			(94.70%)	88.90%
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Ending Balance	15,400		$ 15,400		$ 15,100
Unrecognized Tax Benefits that Would Impact Effective Tax Rate	1,900		1,900		2,000
Unrecognized tax benefits including income tax penalties and interest accrued in long term liabilities	2,500		2,500
Unrecognized tax benefits related to income tax penalties and interest accrued in long-term liabilities	600		600
Unrecognized Tax Benefits In Deferred Tax Assets	13,500		13,500
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance, Total	$ 59,200		$ 59,200		$ 59,200

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NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE - Calculation of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
Net loss	$ 6,835	$ (1,147)	$ 7,190	$ (5,297)
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding (in shares)	37,859	37,028	37,799	37,316
Effect of dilutive stock options, unvested restricted stock units, and shares of common stock expected to be issued under Employee Purchase Plan	1,217		1,169
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding (in shares)	39,076	37,028	38,968	37,316
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.18	$ (0.03)	$ 0.19	$ (0.14)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17	$ (0.03)	$ 0.18	$ (0.14)

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NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE - Anti-dilutive Securities (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Anti-dilutive securities (in shares)	12	774	10	937
Stock Options
Anti-dilutive securities (in shares)		45		73
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Anti-dilutive securities (in shares)	12	684	10	795
Employee Stock Purchase Plans
Anti-dilutive securities (in shares)		45		69

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CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION - Other (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Number of Operating Segments	1
Number of Reportable Segments	1

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CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION - Revenue Percentage by Major Customers (Details) - Customer Concentration Risk	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended	18 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023
Revenue Benchmark | Benchmark Percentage of Gross Revenues and Receivables
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk						10.00%
Revenue Benchmark | Customer A
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk	33.00%	29.00%	36.00%	31.00%
Accounts Receivable | Benchmark Percentage of Gross Revenues and Receivables
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk						10.00%
Accounts Receivable | Customer A
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk			40.00%		29.00%
Accounts Receivable | Customer B
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk					12.00%
Accounts Receivable | Customer C
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk					12.00%
Accounts Receivable | Customer D
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk			16.00%

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CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION - Revenues by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 41,601	$ 34,668	$ 82,360	$ 68,166
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue Benchmark
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 41,601	$ 34,668	$ 82,360	$ 68,166
Percentage of Revenues	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue Benchmark | UNITED STATES
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 22,339	$ 17,086	$ 45,613	$ 34,577
Percentage of Revenues	54.00%	49.00%	55.00%	51.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue Benchmark | CHINA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 7,421	$ 4,539	$ 14,378	$ 8,659
Percentage of Revenues	18.00%	13.00%	18.00%	13.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue Benchmark | Rest of the World
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 11,841	$ 13,043	$ 22,369	$ 24,930
Percentage of Revenues	28.00%	38.00%	27.00%	36.00%

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CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION - Long-lived Assets by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets, net	$ 48,379	$ 46,176
UNITED STATES
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets, net	47,191	44,730
Rest of the World
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets, net	$ 1,188	$ 1,446

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Fair Value, Assets Measured on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Total	$ 99,552	$ 97,285
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (level 1)
Total	99,552	97,285
Money Market Mutual Funds
Cash equivalents	75,874	75,738
Money Market Mutual Funds | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (level 1)
Cash equivalents	75,874	75,738
US Government Securities
Cash equivalents		1,990
Short-term investments (available-for-sale debt securities)	23,678	19,557
US Government Securities | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (level 1)
Cash equivalents		1,990
Short-term investments (available-for-sale debt securities)	$ 23,678	$ 19,557

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Future Lease payments	$ 7,673
Indemnifications
Term of Product Warranty	90 days
Purchase Obligations
Purchase Obligation, Total	$ 24,500
Period over which the majority of purchase obligations become due	24 months

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STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT WITH ADVANTEST AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Details) - Commercial Agreement With Advantest - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Related party receivables	$ 10.3		$ 10.3		$ 0.3
Analytics
Advantest analytics revenue	1.8	$ 2.6	3.6	$ 5.3
Deferred revenue	$ 14.4		$ 14.4		$ 7.1

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details) - Subsequent Event - Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions $ in Millions	Jul. 05, 2023 USD ($)
Subsequent Events
Business Acquisition, Date of Acquisition Agreement	Jul. 05, 2023
Business Acquisition, Percentage of Voting Interests Acquired	100.00%
Business Acquisition, Name of Acquired Entity	Lantern Machinery Analytics, Inc.
Business Acquisition, Description of Acquired Entity	Lantern Machinery Analytics, Inc., headquartered in Canada, is a privately-held provider of automated image analysis and feature extraction artificial intelligence/machine learning software for critical inspection and metrology steps at battery cell development and manufacturing processes for the electric vehicle industry.
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross	$ 1.9