Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Method of Accounting

Management has prepared the accompanying financial statements and these notes according to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). The Company maintains its general ledger and journals with the accrual method accounting.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the activities of Planet Green Holdings Corp. and each of the following entities:

	Place of	Attributable equity		Registered
Name of Company	incorporation	interest %		capital
Planet Green Holdings Corporation	The British Virgin Islands		100	$	10,000
Lucky Sky Planet Green Holdings Co., Limited (H.K.)	Hong Kong		100		1
Jiayi Technologies (Xianning) Co., Ltd.	PRC		100		2,000,000
Fast Approach Inc.	Canada		100		79
Shanghai Shuning Advertising Co., Ltd. (a subsidiary of FAST)	PRC		100		-
Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky New Energy Technologies Co., Ltd.	PRC		85		4,710,254
Xianning Bozhuang Tea Products Co., Ltd.	PRC		100		6,277,922
Jilin Chuangyuan Chemical Co., Ltd.	PRC		VIE		9,280,493
Anhui Ansheng Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd.	PRC		VIE		3,045,776
Shine Chemical Co., Ltd.	The British Virgin Islands		100		8,000
Bless Chemical Co., Ltd (a subsidiary of Shine Chemical)	Hong Kong		100		10,000
Hubei Bulaisi Technology Co., Ltd. (a subsidiary of Bless Chemical)	PRC		100		30,000,000
Shandong Yunchu Supply Chain Co., Ltd.	PRC		100		5,000,000
Allinyson Ltd.	The United States		100		100,000
Guangzhou Haishi Technology Co., Ltd.	PRC		100		156,250
Baokuan Technology (Hongkong) Limited	Hong Kong		100		1,250

Management has eliminated all significant inter-company balances and transactions in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Ownership interests of subsidiaries that the Company does not wholly-own are accounted for as non-controlling interests.

On May 29, 2020, the Planet Green Holdings Corporation (BVI) incorporated Lucky Sky Planet Green Holdings Co., Limited, a limited company incorporated in Hong Kong.

On June 5, 2020, the Planet Green Holdings Corp. (Nevada) acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of Fast Approach Inc. It was incorporated under Canada’s laws and the business of operation of a demand-side platform targeting the Chinese education market in North America.

On June 16, 2020, Lucky Sky Holdings Corporations (H.K.) transferred its 100% equity interest in Lucky Sky Petrochemical to Lucky Sky Planet Green Holdings Co., Limited (H.K.).

On December 9, 2020, Lucky Sky Petrochemical Technology (Xianning) Co., Ltd. changed its name to Jiayi Technologies (Xianning) Co., Ltd.

On January 6, 2021, Planet Green Holdings Corp. (Nevada) issued an aggregate of 2,200,000 shares of common stock of the Company to the equity holders of Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky New Energy Technologies Co., Ltd. in exchange for the transfer of 85% of the equity interest of Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky New Energy Technologies Co., Ltd. to the Jiayi Technologies (Xianning) Co., Ltd.

On March 9, 2021, Planet Green Holdings Corp. (Nevada) issued an aggregate of 3,300,000 shares of common stock of the Company to the equity holders of Jilin Chuangyuan Chemical Co., Ltd. in exchange for the transfer of 75% of the equity interest of Jilin Chuangyuan Chemical Co., Ltd. to the Jiayi Technologies (Xianning) Co., Ltd.

On August 1, 2021, Jiayi Technologies (Xianning) Co., Ltd. has terminated the VIE agreements with Xianning Bozhuang Tea Products Co., Ltd and acquired 100% equity of Xianning Bozhuang Tea Products Co., Ltd. As a result, Xianning Bozhuang Tea Products Co., Ltd has been wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Jiayi Technologies (Xianning) Co., Ltd.

On August 3, 2021, the Planet Green Holding Corp. has acquired 8,000,000 ordinary shares of the Shine Chemical Co., Ltd. As a result, Shine Chemical Co., Ltd, Bless Chemical Co., Ltd and Hubei Bulaisi Technology Co., Ltd. became the wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Planet Green Holding Corp.

On September 1, 2021, Mr. Feng Chao transferred his share of Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky New Energy Technologies Co., Ltd. to Hubei Bulaisi Technology Co., Ltd. and simultaneously, the VIE agreements with Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky have been terminated. As a result, Hubei Bulaisi Technology Co., Ltd. owns 85% shares of Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky New Energy Technologies Co., Ltd. directly after the corporate restructure.

On December 9, 2021, Planet Green Holdings Corp. (Nevada) issued an aggregate of 5,900,000 shares of common stock to the shareholders of Shandong Yunchu Supply Chain Co., Ltd. in exchange for the 100% of the equity interest of Shandong Yunchu Supply Chain Co., Ltd, which was transferred to Jiayi Technologies (Xianning) Co., Ltd.

On April 8, 2022, Planet Green Holdings Corp. (Nevada) issued an aggregate of 7,500,000 shares of common stock to the equity holders of Allinyson Ltd. for the acquisition of 100% of the equity interest of Allinyson Ltd.

Consolidation of Variable Interest Entity

Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) lack sufficient equity to finance their activities without additional financial support from other parties or whose equity holders lack adequate decision-making ability. Any VIE with which the Company is involved must be evaluated to determine the primary beneficiary of the VIE’s risks and rewards. Management makes ongoing reassessments of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary.

On May 9, 2019, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Xianning Bozhuang Tea Products Co., Ltd. (“Xianning Bozhuang”), a company incorporated in China engaging in the sale of tea products, and its shareholders (“Bozhuang Shareholders”). Under the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,080,000 shares of its common stock to the Bozhuang Shareholders in exchange for Bozhuang Shareholders’ agreement to enter into. Their agreement to cause Xianning Bozhuang to enter into certain VIE Agreements with Shanghai Xunyang, through which Shanghai Xunyang shall have the right to control, manage and operate Xianning Bozhuang in return for a service fee approximately equal to 100% of Xianning Bozhuang’s net income (“Bozhuang Acquisition”). On May 14, 2019, Shanghai Xunyang entered into a series of VIE Agreements with Xianning Bozhuang and Bozhuang Shareholders. The VIE Agreements are designed to provide Shanghai Xunyang with the power, rights, and obligations equivalent in all material respects to those it would possess as the sole equity holder of Xianning Bozhuang, including absolute rights to control the management, operations, assets, property, and revenue of Xianning Bozhuang. The Bozhuang Acquisition closed on May 14, 2019. Starting on May 14, 2019, the Company’s business activities added the production line of green tea and black tea and sales of tea products, of which business activities are carried out in Xianning City, Hubei Province, China. The Company consolidated Xianning Bozhuang’s accounts as its VIE.

On December 20, 2019, through Lucky Sky Petrochemical Technology (Xianning) Co., Ltd. (“WFOE”), the Company entered into exclusive VIE agreements with Taishan Muren, Xianning Bozhuang and Shenzhen Lorain and their shareholders that give the Company the ability to substantially influence those companies’ daily operations and financial affairs and appoint their senior executives. On September 8, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors resolved to discontinue the operation of Shenzhen Lorain and Taishan Muren due to the continued loss of such two subsidiaries. On September 15, 2020, Lucky Sky Petrochemical terminated the VIE agreements with Shenzhen Lorain and Taishan Muren. The Company has been considered the primary beneficiary of these operating companies and it consolidates their accounts as VIEs.

On January 4, 2021, the Company and Jiayi Technologies (Xianning) Co., Ltd. (the “Subsidiary”), a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”) with Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky New Energy Technologies Co., Ltd. (“Target”), and each of shareholders of the Target (collectively, the “Sellers”), pursuant to which, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions contained therein, the Subsidiary agreed to effect an acquisition of the Target by acquiring from the Sellers 85% of the outstanding equity interests of the Target (the “Acquisition”). The target is engaged in researching, developing, manufacturing and selling products of ethanol fuel and fuel additives in China. On January 4, 2021, the Company closed the Acquisition.

On March 9, 2021, Planet Green Holdings Corp. (the “Company”) and Jiayi Technologies (Xianning) Co., Ltd. (the “Subsidiary”), a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”) with Jilin Chuangyuan Chemical Co., Ltd. (“Target”). Each of shareholders of the Target (collectively, the “Sellers”), under which, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions contained therein, the subsidiary agreed to effect an acquisition of the Target by acquiring from the Sellers 75% of the outstanding equity interests of the Target (the “Acquisition”). The target is researching, developing, manufacturing formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde adhesive, methylal, and clean fuel products and selling such products in China. On March 9, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition.

On July 15, 2021, Planet Green Holdings Corp. (the “Company”) and Jiayi Technologies (Xianning) Co., Ltd. (the “Subsidiary”), a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”) with Anhui Ansheng Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd. (“Target”), and each of shareholders of the Target (collectively, the “Sellers”), pursuant to which, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions contained therein, the Subsidiary agreed to effect an acquisition of the Target by acquiring from the Sellers 66% of the outstanding equity interests of the Target (the “Acquisition”). The target is engaged in researching, developing and manufacturing insulation type explosion-proof skid-mounted refueling equipment, LNG cryogenic equipment and SF double deck oil storage tank and selling such products in China. On July 16, 2021, the Company closed the Acquisition.

On September 1, 2021, Mr. Feng Chao transferred his share of Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky New Energy Technologies Co., Ltd. to Hubei Bulaisi Technology Co., Ltd. and simultaneously the VIE agreements with Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky have been terminated. As a result, Hubei Bulaisi Technology Co., Ltd. owns 85% shares of Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky New Energy Technologies Co., Ltd. directly after the corporate restructure.

Each of the VIE Agreements is described in detail below

Consultation and Service Agreement

Under the Consultation and Service Agreement, WFOE has the exclusive right to provide consultation and services to the operating entities in China in business management, human resource, technology, and intellectual property rights. WFOE exclusively owns any intellectual property rights arising from the performance of this Consultation and Service Agreement. The number of service fees and payment terms can be amended by the WFOE and operating companies’ consultation and implementation. The duration of the Consultation and Service Agreement is 20 years. WFOE may terminate this agreement at any time by giving 30 day’s prior written notice. Under the Consultation and Service Agreement, WFOE has the exclusive right to provide consultation and services to the operating entities in China in business management, human resource, technology, and intellectual property rights. WFOE exclusively owns any intellectual property rights arising from the performance of this Consultation and Service Agreement. The number of service fees and payment terms can be amended by the WFOE and operating companies’ consultation and implementation. The duration of the Consultation and Service Agreement is 20 years. WFOE may terminate this agreement at any time by giving 30 day’s prior written notice.

Business Cooperation Agreement

Pursuant to the Business Cooperation Agreement, WFOE has the exclusive right to provide complete technical support, business support, and related consulting services, including but not limited to specialized services, business consultations, equipment or property leasing, marketing consultancy, system integration, product research and development, and system maintenance. WFOE exclusively owns any intellectual property rights arising from the performance of this Business Cooperation Agreement. The rate of service fees may be adjusted based on the services rendered by WFOE in that month and the operational needs of the operating entities. The Business Cooperation Agreement shall maintain effective unless it was terminated or was compelled to release under applicable PRC laws and regulations. WFOE may terminate this Business Cooperation Agreement at any time by giving 30 day’s prior written notice.

Equity Pledge Agreements

According to the Equity Pledge Agreements among WFOE, operating entities, and each of operating entities’ shareholders, shareholders of the operating entities pledge all of their equity interests in the functional entities to WFOE to guarantee their performance of relevant obligations and indebtedness under the Technical Consultation and Service Agreement and other control agreements. Besides, shareholders of the operating entities are in the process of registering the equity pledge with the competent local authority.

Equity Option Agreements

According to the Equity Option Agreements, WFOE has the exclusive right to require each shareholder of the operating companies to fulfill and complete all approval and registration procedures required under PRC laws for WFOE to purchase or designate one or more persons to buy, each shareholder’s equity interests in the operating companies, once or at multiple times at any time in part or in whole at WFOE’s sole and absolute discretion. The purchase price shall be the lowest price allowed by PRC laws. The Equity Option Agreements shall remain effective until all the equity interest owned by each operating entity shareholder has been legally transferred to WFOE or its designee(s).

Voting Rights Proxy Agreements

According to the Voting Rights Proxy Agreements, each shareholder irrevocably appointed WFOE or WFOE’s designee to exercise all his or her rights as the shareholders of the operating entities under the Articles of Association of each operating entity, including but not limited to the power to exercise all shareholder’s voting rights concerning all matters to be discussed and voted in the shareholders’ meeting. The term of each Voting Rights Proxy Agreement is 20 years. WOFE has the right to extend each Voting Proxy Agreement by giving written notification.

Based on the foregoing contractual arrangements, The Company consolidates the accounts of Anhui Ansheng Petrochemical Equipment Co., Ltd and Jilin Chuangyuan Chemical Co., Ltd in accordance with Regulation S-X-3A-02 promulgated by the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810-10, Consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The financial statements preparation requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management makes these estimates using the best information available when the calculations are made; however, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Investment Securities

The Company classifies securities it holds for investment purposes into trading or available-for-sale. Trading securities are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. All deposits not included in trading securities are classified as available for sale.

Trading and available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses on trading securities are included in the net income. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, on available for sale securities are excluded from net income. They are reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income until realized. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities are determined on a specific identification basis.

A decline in the market value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a reduction in carrying amount to fair value. The impairment is charged as an expense to the statement of income and comprehensive income, and a new cost basis for the security is established. To determine whether the impairment is other-than-temporary, the Company considers whether it has the ability and intent to hold the investment until a market price recovery and believes whether evidence indicating the cost of the asset is recoverable outweighs evidence to the contrary. Evidence considered in this assessment includes the reasons for the impairment, the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in value after year-end, and forecasted performance of the investee.

Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the related available-for-sale security as an adjustment to yield using the effective-interest method. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned.

Accounts Receivables

Accounts receivables are recognized and carried at the original invoice amount less allowance for any uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtful accounts is made when the collection of the total amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred.

Inventories

Inventories consist of raw materials and finished goods, stated at the lower of cost or market value. Finished goods are comprised of direct materials, direct labor, inbound shipping costs, and allocated overhead. The Company applies the weighted average cost method to its inventory.

Advances and Prepayments to Suppliers

The Company makes an advance payment to suppliers and vendors for the procurement of raw materials. Upon physical receipt and inspection of the raw materials from suppliers, the applicable amount is reclassified from advances and prepayments to suppliers to inventory.

Plant and Equipment

Plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method. The Company typically applies a salvage value of 0% to 10%. The estimated useful lives of the plant and equipment are as follows:

Buildings	20-40 years
Landscaping, plant, and tree	30 years
Machinery and equipment	1-10 years
Motor vehicles	5-10 years
Office equipment	5-20 years

The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts, and any gain or loss is included in the Company’s results of operations. The costs of maintenance and repairs are recognized as incurred; significant renewals and betterments are capitalized.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided over their useful lives, using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives of the intangible assets are as follows: 

Land use rights	50 years
Software licenses	2 years
Trademarks	10 years

Construction in Progress and Prepayments for Equipment

Construction in progress and prepayments for equipment represent direct and indirect acquisition and construction costs for plants and fees of purchase and installation of related equipment. Amounts classified as construction in progress and prepayments for equipment are transferred to plant and equipment when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use are completed. Depreciation is not provided for assets classified in this account.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired in a business combination. The Company conducts an annual assessment of its goodwill for impairment. If the carrying value of its goodwill exceeds its fair value, then impairment has been incurred; accordingly, a charge to the Company’s operations results will be recognized during the period. Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed. Fair value is generally determined using a discounted expected future cash flow analysis.

Accounting for the Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The Company annually reviews its long-lived assets for impairment or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. Impairment may become obsolete from a difference in the industry, introduction of new technologies, or if the Company has inadequate working capital to utilize the long-lived assets to generate adequate profits. Impairment is present if the carrying amount of an asset is less than its expected future undiscounted cash flows.

If an asset is considered impaired, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of are reported lower the carrying amount or fair value fewer costs to selling.

Statutory Reserves

Statutory reserves refer to the amount appropriated from the net income following laws or regulations, which can be used to recover losses and increase capital, as approved, and are to be used to expand production or operations. PRC laws prescribe that an enterprise operating at a profit must appropriate and reserve, on an annual basis, an amount equal to 10% of its profit. Such an appropriation is necessary until the reserve reaches a maximum equal to 50% of the enterprise’s PRC registered capital.

Foreign Currency Translation

The accompanying financial statements are presented in United States dollars. The functional currency of the Company is the Renminbi (RMB). The Company’s assets and liabilities are translated into United States dollars from RMB at year-end exchange rates. Its revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred.

	06/30/2022		12/31/2021		06/30/2021
Period-end US$: CDN$ exchange rate		1.2892		1.274		1.2400
Period-end US$: RMB exchange rate		6.7114		6.3757		6.4601
Period-end US$: HK$ exchange rate		7.8464		7.7981		7.7650
Period average US$: CDN$ exchange rate		1.2719		1.2531		1.2465
Period average US$: RMB exchange rate		6.4835		6.4515		6.4718
Period average US$: HK$ exchange rate		7.8254		7.7729		7.7610

The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies, and all foreign exchange transactions must be conducted through authorized financial institutions.

Revenue Recognition

The Company adopted ASC 606 “Revenue Recognition.” It recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company derives its revenues from selling explosion-proof skid-mounted refueling device, SF double-layer buried oil storage tank, high-grade synthetic fuel products, industrial formaldehyde solution, urea-formaldehyde pre-condensate (UFC), methylal, urea-formaldehyde glue for environment-friendly artificial board chemicals, food products like frozen fruits, beef & mutton products and vegetables, tea products and online game business. The Company applies the following five steps to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under each of its agreements:

● identify the contract with a customer;

● identify the performance obligations in the contract;

● determine the transaction price;

● allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract; and;

● Recognize revenue as the performance obligation is satisfied.

Advertising

All advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Shipping and Handling

All outbound shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred.

Research and Development

All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Retirement Benefits

Retirement benefits in the form of mandatory government-sponsored defined contribution plans are charged to either expense as incurred or allocated to inventory as part of overhead.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company records stock compensation expense for employees at fair value on the grant date and recognizes the expense one time because there is no employee’s requisite service period requirement.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income tax using an asset and liability approach and recognizes deferred tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets. If it is more likely than not, these items will either expire before the Company can realize their benefits or uncertain future realization.

Comprehensive Income

The Company uses Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic 220, “Reporting Comprehensive Income.” Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except the changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders due to investments by stockholders.

Earnings Per Share

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) following ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per share.” Basic EPS is measured as the income or loss available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect on a per-share basis from the potential conversion of convertible securities or the exercise of options and or warrants; the dilutive impacts of potentially convertible securities are calculated using the as-if method; the potentially dilutive effect of options or warranties are computed using the treasury stock method. Potentially anti-dilutive securities (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from diluted EPS calculation.

Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and equivalents, accounts and other receivables, accounts and other payables, accrued liabilities, and short-term debt, have carrying amounts that approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosing the Company’s fair value of financial instruments. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

● Level 1 - inputs to the valuation methodology used quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

● Level 2 - inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and information that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the financial instrument’s full term.

● Level 3 - inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” and ASC 815.

Lease

Effective December 31, 2018, Jingshan Sanhe Luckysky New Energy Technologies Co., Ltd. adopted ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842), and elected the practical expedients that do not require us to reassess: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are, or contain, leases, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. For lease terms of twelve months or fewer, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and liabilities. The Company also adopted the practical expedient that allows lessees to treat the lease and non-lease components of a lease as a single lease component. 

Lease terms used to calculate the present value of lease payments generally do not include any options to extend, renew, or terminate the lease, as the Company does not have reasonable certainty at lease inception that these options will be exercised. The Company generally considers the economic life of its operating lease ROU assets to be comparable to the useful life of similar owned assets. The Company has elected the short-term lease exception, therefore operating lease ROU assets and liabilities do not include leases with a lease term of twelve months or less. Its leases generally do not provide a residual guarantee. The operating lease ROU asset also excludes lease incentives. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company reviews the impairment of its ROU assets consistent with the approach applied for its other long-lived assets. The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. The Company has elected to include the carrying amount of operating lease liabilities in any tested asset group and it includes the associated operating lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows.

As of June 30, 2022, there were approximately $0.35 million right of use (“ROU”) assets and approximately $0.21 million lease liabilities based on the present value of the future minimum rental payments of leases, using an incremental borrowing rate of 4.75% and 4.90% based on the duration of lease terms.

Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, the Company is a party to various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. The majority of these claims and proceedings related to or arise from commercial disputes. The Company first determine whether a loss from a claim is probable, and if it is reasonable to estimate the potential loss. The Company accrues costs associated with these matters when they become probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. Also, the Company disclose a range of possible losses, if a loss from a claim is probable but the amount of loss cannot be reasonably estimated, which is in line with the applicable requirements of Accounting Standard Codification 450. The Company’s management does not expect any liability from the disposition of such claims and litigation individually or in the aggregate would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments in this Update affect any entity required to apply the provisions of Topic 220, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income, and has items of other comprehensive income for which the related tax effects are presented in other comprehensive income required by GAAP. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the amendments in this Update is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, (1) for public business entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued, and (2) for all other entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not however been made available for issuance. The amendments in this Update should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company does not believe the adoption of this ASU would affect the Company’s financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes several changes meant to add, modify or remove specific disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting—Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The modifications are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of this ASU would have a material effect on the Company’s condensed financial statements.

The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s balance sheets, statements of income, and comprehensive income and statements of cash flows.