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LOANS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

The composition of the Company’s loan portfolio, by loan class, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was as follows:

($ in thousands)	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021

Commercial	$	107,958		$	135,894
Commercial Real Estate		646,365			526,924
Agriculture		118,929			107,183
Residential Mortgage		88,765			76,160
Residential Construction		7,407			4,482
Consumer		15,569			17,258
		984,993			867,901

Allowance for loan losses		(14,771	)		(13,952	)
Net deferred origination fees and costs		1,027			(1,232	)

Loans, net	$	971,249		$	852,717

The Company manages asset quality and credit risk by maintaining diversification in its loan portfolio and through review processes that include analysis of credit requests and ongoing examination of outstanding loans and delinquencies, with particular attention to portfolio dynamics and loan mix. The Company strives to identify loans experiencing difficulty early enough to correct the problems, to record charge-offs promptly based on realistic assessments of collectability and current collateral values and to maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses at all times. Asset quality reviews of loans and other non-performing assets are administered using credit risk rating standards and criteria similar to those employed by state and federal banking regulatory agencies.

Commercial loans, whether secured or unsecured, generally are made to support the short-term operations and other needs of small businesses. These loans are generally secured by the receivables, equipment, and other real property of the business and are susceptible to the related risks described above. Problem commercial loans are generally identified by periodic review of financial information that may include financial statements, tax returns, and payment history of the borrower. Based on this information, the Company may decide to take any of several courses of action, including demand for repayment, requiring the borrower to provide a significant principal payment and/or additional collateral or requiring similar support from guarantors. Notwithstanding, when repayment becomes unlikely based on the borrower's income and cash flow, repossession or foreclosure of the underlying collateral may become necessary. Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank-approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, purchase invoices, or other appropriate documentation. Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans outstanding included in Commercial loans totaled $0.5 million and $37.3 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Commercial real estate loans generally fall into two categories, owner-occupied and non-owner occupied. Loans secured by owner-occupied real estate are primarily susceptible to changes in the market conditions of the related business. This may be driven by, among other things, industry changes, geographic business changes, changes in the individual financial capacity of the business owner, general economic conditions, and changes in business cycles. These same risks apply to commercial loans whether secured by equipment, receivables or other personal property or unsecured. Problem commercial real estate loans are generally identified by periodic review of financial information that may include financial statements, tax returns, payment history of the borrower, and site inspections. Based on this information, the Company may decide to take any of several courses of action, including demand for repayment, requiring the borrower to provide a significant principal payment and/or additional collateral or requiring similar support from guarantors. Notwithstanding, when repayment becomes unlikely based on the borrower's income and cash flow, repossession or foreclosure of the underlying collateral may become necessary. Losses on loans secured by owner occupied real estate, equipment, or other personal property generally are dictated by the value of underlying collateral at the time of default and liquidation of the collateral. When default is driven by issues related specifically to the business owner, collateral values tend to provide better repayment support and may result in little or no loss. Alternatively, when default is driven by more general economic conditions, underlying collateral generally has devalued more and results in larger losses due to default. Loans secured by non-owner occupied real estate are primarily susceptible to risks associated with swings in occupancy or vacancy and related shifts in lease rates, rental rates or room rates. Most often, these shifts are a result of changes in general economic or market conditions or overbuilding and resulting over-supply of space. Losses are dependent on the value of underlying collateral at the time of default. Values are generally driven by these same factors and influenced by interest rates and required rates of return as well as changes in occupancy costs. Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank-approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, sales invoices, or other appropriate means.

Agricultural loans, whether secured or unsecured, generally are made to producers and processors of crops and livestock. Repayment is primarily from the sale of an agricultural product or service. Agricultural loans are generally secured by inventory, receivables, equipment, and other real property. Agricultural loans primarily are susceptible to changes in market demand for specific commodities. This may be exacerbated by, among other things, industry changes, changes in the individual financial capacity of the business owner, general economic conditions and changes in business cycles, as well as adverse weather conditions such as drought or floods. Problem agricultural loans are generally identified by periodic review of financial information that may include financial statements, tax returns, crop budgets, payment history, and crop inspections. Based on this information, the Company may decide to take any of several courses of action, including demand for repayment, requiring the borrower to provide a significant principal payment and/or additional collateral or requiring similar support from guarantors. Notwithstanding, when repayment becomes unlikely based on the borrower's income and cash flow, repossession or foreclosure of the underlying collateral may become necessary.

Residential mortgage loans, which are secured by real estate, are primarily susceptible to four risks: non-payment due to diminished or lost income, over-extension of credit, a lack of borrower's cash flow to sustain payments, and shortfalls in collateral value. In general, non-payment is usually due to loss of employment and follows general economic trends in the economy, particularly the upward movement in the unemployment rate, loss of collateral value, and demand shifts.

Construction loans, whether owner-occupied or non-owner occupied residential development loans, are not only susceptible to the related risks described above but the added risks of construction, including cost over-runs, mismanagement of the project, or lack of demand and market changes experienced at time of completion. Losses are primarily related to underlying collateral value and changes therein as described above. Problem construction loans are generally identified by periodic review of financial information that may include financial statements, tax returns and payment history of the borrower. Based on this information, the Company may decide to take any of several courses of action, including demand for repayment, requiring the borrower to provide a significant principal payment and/or additional collateral or requiring similar support from guarantors, or repossession or foreclosure of the underlying collateral. Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank-approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, purchase invoices, or other appropriate documentation.

Consumer loans, whether unsecured or secured, are primarily susceptible to four risks: non-payment due to diminished or lost income, over-extension of credit, a lack of borrower's cash flow to sustain payments, and shortfall in collateral value. In general, non-payment is usually due to loss of employment and will follow general economic trends in the economy, particularly the upward movements in the unemployment rate, loss of collateral value, inflation and demand shifts.

Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank-approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, purchase invoices, or other appropriate documentation. Collateral valuations are obtained at origination of the credit. Once repayment is questionable, and the loan has been deemed classified, collateral valuations are obtained periodically (generally annually but may be more frequent depending on the collateral type).

As of September 30, 2022, approximately 11% in principal amount of the Company's loans were for general commercial uses, including professional, retail and small businesses. Approximately 65% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were secured by commercial real estate, consisting primarily of loans secured by commercial properties and construction and land development loans. Approximately 12% in principal amount of the Company's loans were for agriculture, approximately 9% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were residential mortgage loans, approximately 1% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were residential construction loans and approximately 2% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were consumer loans.

Once a loan becomes delinquent or repayment becomes questionable, a Company collection officer will address collateral shortfalls with the borrower and attempt to obtain additional collateral or a principal payment. If this is not forthcoming and payment of principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement becomes unlikely, the Company will consider the loan to be impaired and will estimate its probable loss, using the present value of future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. For collateral dependent loans, the Company will utilize a recent valuation of the underlying collateral less estimated costs of sale, and charge-off the loan down to the estimated net realizable amount. Depending on the length of time until final collection, the Company may periodically revalue the estimated loss and take additional charge-offs or specific reserves as warranted. Revaluations may occur as often as every 3-12 months depending on the underlying collateral and volatility of values. Final charge-offs or recoveries are taken when the collateral is liquidated and the actual loss is confirmed. Unpaid balances on loans after or during collection and liquidation may also be pursued through legal action and attachment of wages or judgment liens on the borrower's other assets.

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, all loans were pledged under a blanket collateral lien to secure actual or potential borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”).

Non-accrual and Past Due Loans

The Company’s loans by delinquency and non-accrual status, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, were as follows:

($ in thousands)	Current & Accruing		30-59 Days Past Due & Accruing		60-89 Days Past Due & Accruing		90 Days or More Past Due & Accruing		Nonaccrual		Total Loans
September 30, 2022
Commercial	$	106,987	$	164	$	404	$	403	$	—	$	107,958
Commercial Real Estate		646,365		—		—		—		—		646,365
Agriculture		111,304		—		—		—		7,625		118,929
Residential Mortgage		88,520		78		41		—		126		88,765
Residential Construction		7,260		147		—		—		—		7,407
Consumer		14,846		—		—		—		723		15,569
Total	$	975,282	$	389	$	445	$	403	$	8,474	$	984,993

December 31, 2021
Commercial	$	134,890	$	394	$	477	$	—	$	133	$	135,894
Commercial Real Estate		526,337		32		—		—		555		526,924
Agriculture		98,471		—		—		—		8,712		107,183
Residential Mortgage		75,861		161		—		—		138		76,160
Residential Construction		4,482		—		—		—		—		4,482
Consumer		16,523		—		76		—		659		17,258
Total	$	856,564	$	587	$	553	$	—	$	10,197	$	867,901

Non-accrual loans amounted to $8,474,000 at September 30, 2022 and were comprised of three agriculture loans totaling $7,625,000, one residential mortgage loan totaling $126,000, and five consumer loans totaling $723,000. Non-accrual loans amounted to $10,197,000 at December 31, 2021 and were comprised of two commercial loans totaling $133,000, one commercial real estate loan totaling $555,000, three agriculture loans totaling $8,712,000, one residential mortgage loan totaling $138,000, and four consumer loans totaling $659,000.

Impaired Loans

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled interest payments. Loans to be considered for impairment include non-accrual loans, troubled debt restructurings and loans with a risk rating of 5 (special mention) or worse and an aggregate exposure of $500,000 or more. Once identified, impaired loans are measured individually for impairment using one of three methods: present value of expected cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate; the loan's observable market price; or fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If the measurement of a non-accrual loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, an impairment is recognized through the establishment of a specific reserve sufficient to cover expected losses and/or a charge-off against the allowance for loan losses. In general, any portion of the recorded investment in a collateral dependent loan in excess of the fair value of the collateral that can be identified as uncollectible, and is, therefore, deemed a confirmed loss, is promptly charged-off against the allowance for loan losses.

Impaired loans, segregated by loan class, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:

($ in thousands)	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance		Recorded Investment with No Allowance		Recorded Investment with Allowance		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance
September 30, 2022
Commercial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial Real Estate		—		—		—		—		—
Agriculture		10,127		7,625		—		7,625		—
Residential Mortgage		680		126		503		629		76
Residential Construction		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer		902		723		64		787		4
Total	$	11,709	$	8,474	$	567	$	9,041	$	80

December 31, 2021
Commercial	$	142	$	133	$	—	$	133	$	—
Commercial Real Estate		555		555		—		555		—
Agriculture		10,680		8,712		—		8,712		—
Residential Mortgage		701		138		517		655		81
Residential Construction		241		—		241		241		10
Consumer		815		659		64		723		2
Total	$	13,134	$	10,197	$	822	$	11,019	$	93

The average recorded investment in impaired loans and the amount of interest income recognized on impaired loans during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021 was as follows:

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022				Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Commercial	$	17	$	—	$	30	$	—
Commercial Real Estate		681		19		4,297		466
Agriculture		7,855		—		9,130		—
Residential Mortgage		634		5		666		5
Residential Construction		—		—		248		4
Consumer		741		1		747		3
Total	$	9,928	$	25	$	15,118	$	478

The average recorded investment in impaired loans and the amount of interest income recognized on impaired loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021 was as follows:

($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Commercial	$	50	$	2	$	342	$	7
Commercial Real Estate		479		32		5,068		466
Agriculture		8,205		—		9,130		—
Residential Mortgage		643		14		848		18
Residential Construction		60		—		351		11
Consumer		746		16		750		5
Total	$	10,183	$	64	$	16,489	$	507

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The Company's loan portfolio includes certain loans that have been modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR"), which are loans on which concessions in terms have been granted because of the borrowers' financial difficulties and, as a result, the Company receives less than the current market-based compensation for the loan. These concessions may include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions. Certain TDRs are placed on non-accrual status at the time of restructure and may be returned to accruing status after considering the borrower's sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months.

When a loan is modified, it is measured based upon the present value of future cash flows discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, or the fair value of collateral less selling costs if the loan is collateral dependent. If the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized through a specific allowance or a charge-off of the loan.

The Company had $8,698,000 and $10,103,000 in TDR loans as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Specific reserves for TDR loans totaled $80,000 and $93,000 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. TDR loans performing in compliance with modified terms totaled $8,623,000 and $10,006,000 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. There were no commitments to advance additional funds on existing TDR loans as of September 30, 2022.

There were no loans modified as TDRs during the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Loans modified as TDRs during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were as follows:

($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Number of Contracts		Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment		Post- modification outstanding recorded investment
Consumer		1	$	75	$	75
Total		1	$	75	$	75

Loans modified as TDRs during the three months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows:

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Number of Contracts		Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment		Post- modification outstanding recorded investment
Agriculture		3		9,130		9,130
Consumer		1	$	494	$	494
Total		4	$	9,624	$	9,624

Loans modified as TDRs during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows:

($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Number of Contracts		Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment		Post- modification outstanding recorded investment
Agriculture		3		9,130		9,130
Consumer		2	$	593	$	593
Total		5	$	9,723	$	9,723

Loan modifications generally involve reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, or forbearance. No loans were modified as a TDR within the previous 12 months that subsequently defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021.

Credit Quality Indicators

All loans are rated using the credit risk ratings and criteria adopted by the Company. Risk ratings are adjusted as future circumstances warrant. All credits risk rated 1, 2, 3 or 4 equate to a Pass as indicated by Federal and State bank regulatory agencies; a 5 equates to a Special Mention; a 6 equates to Substandard; a 7 equates to Doubtful; and an 8 equates to a Loss. For the definitions of each risk rating, see Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The following table presents the risk ratings by loan class as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

($ in thousands)	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Loss		Total
September 30, 2022
Commercial	$	105,357	$	2,376	$	225	$	—	$	—	$	107,958
Commercial Real Estate		628,377		14,927		3,061		—		—		646,365
Agriculture		109,005		2,299		7,625		—		—		118,929
Residential Mortgage		88,376		220		169		—		—		88,765
Residential Construction		7,407		—		—		—		—		7,407
Consumer		14,846		—		723		—		—		15,569
Total	$	953,368	$	19,822	$	11,803	$	—	$	—	$	984,993

December 31, 2021
Commercial	$	132,425	$	2,376	$	1,093	$	—	$	—	$	135,894
Commercial Real Estate		516,120		6,524		4,280		—		—		526,924
Agriculture		98,471		—		8,712		—		—		107,183
Residential Mortgage		76,020		—		140		—		—		76,160
Residential Construction		4,482		—		—		—		—		4,482
Consumer		16,599		—		659		—		—		17,258
Total	$	844,117	$	8,900	$	14,884	$	—	$	—	$	867,901

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan class for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Three months ended September 30, 2022
($ in thousands)	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Residential Mortgage		Residential Construction			Consumer			Unallocated			Total
Balance as of June 30, 2022	$	1,650		$	9,571	$	1,694	$	802	$	151		$	179		$	228		$	14,275
Provision for loan losses		(385	)		566		128		45		(21	)		26			(59	)		300

Charge-offs		—			—		—		—		—			(30	)		—			(30	)
Recoveries		225			—		—		—		—			1			—			226
Net charge-offs		225			—		—		—		—			(29	)		—			196
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	1,490		$	10,137	$	1,822	$	847	$	130		$	176		$	169		$	14,771

Nine months ended September 30, 2022
($ in thousands)	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Residential Mortgage		Residential Construction		Consumer			Unallocated			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	1,604		$	8,808	$	1,482	$	742	$	74	$	167		$	1,075		$	13,952
Provision for loan losses		(66	)		1,329		340		105		56		42			(906	)		900

Charge-offs		(297	)		—		—		—		—		(39	)		—			(336	)
Recoveries		249			—		—		—		—		6			—			255
Net charge-offs		(48	)		—		—		—		—		(33	)		—			(81	)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	1,490		$	10,137	$	1,822	$	847	$	130	$	176		$	169		$	14,771

The following table details the allowance for loan losses allocated to loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment by loan class as of September 30, 2022.

($ in thousands)	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Residential Mortgage		Residential Construction		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Period-end amount allocated to:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	76	$	—	$	4	$	—	$	80
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		1,490		10,137		1,822		771		130		172		169		14,691
Ending Balance	$	1,490	$	10,137	$	1,822	$	847	$	130	$	176	$	169	$	14,771

The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan class for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Three months ended September 30, 2021
($ in thousands)	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture			Residential Mortgage		Residential Construction		Consumer			Unallocated		Total
Balance as of June 30, 2021	$	1,555		$	7,338	$	5,259		$	634	$	55	$	186		$	352	$	15,379
Provision for loan losses		119			797		(3,227	)		91		26		(55	)		449		(1,800	)

Charge-offs		(36	)		—		—			—		—		(6	)		—		(42	)
Recoveries		415			—		—			—		—		49			—		464
Net charge-offs		379			—		—			—		—		43			—		422
Balance as of September 30, 2021	$	2,053		$	8,135	$	2,032		$	725	$	81	$	174		$	801	$	14,001

Nine months ended September 30, 2021
($ in thousands)	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture			Residential Mortgage		Residential Construction			Consumer			Unallocated		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2020	$	2,252		$	7,915	$	3,834		$	635	$	128		$	214		$	438	$	15,416
Provision for loan losses		(239	)		220		(1,802	)		90		(47	)		(85	)		363		(1,500	)

Charge-offs		(383	)		—		—			—		—			(12	)		—		(395	)
Recoveries		423			—		—			—		—			57			—		480
Net charge-offs		40			—		—			—		—			45			—		85
Balance as of September 30, 2021	$	2,053		$	8,135	$	2,032		$	725	$	81		$	174		$	801	$	14,001

The following table details the allowance for loan losses allocated to loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment by loan class as of September 30, 2021.

($ in thousands)	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Residential Mortgage		Residential Construction		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Period-end amount allocated to:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	818	$	82	$	7	$	3	$	—	$	910
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		2,053		8,135		1,214		643		74		171		801		13,091
Ending Balance	$	2,053	$	8,135	$	2,032	$	725	$	81	$	174	$	801	$	14,001

The Company’s investment in loans as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 related to each balance in the allowance for loan losses by loan class and disaggregated on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology was as follows:

($ in thousands)	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Residential Mortgage		Residential Construction		Consumer		Total
September 30, 2022
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	7,625	$	629	$	—	$	787	$	9,041
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		107,958		646,365		111,304		88,136		7,407		14,782		975,952
Ending Balance	$	107,958	$	646,365	$	118,929	$	88,765	$	7,407	$	15,569	$	984,993

December 31, 2021
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	133	$	555	$	8,712	$	655	$	241	$	723	$	11,019
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		135,761		526,369		98,471		75,505		4,241		16,535		856,882
Ending Balance	$	135,894	$	526,924	$	107,183	$	76,160	$	4,482	$	17,258	$	867,901