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LOANS

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

The composition of the Company’s loan portfolio, by loan class, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was as follows:

($ in thousands)	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019

Commercial	$	334,318		$	106,140
Commercial Real Estate		459,498			451,774
Agriculture		96,330			115,751
Residential Mortgage		69,687			64,943
Residential Construction		15,969			15,212
Consumer		23,024			26,825
		998,826			780,645
Allowance for loan losses		(13,631	)		(12,356	)
Net deferred origination fees and costs		(5,101	)		584
Loans, net	$	980,094		$	768,873

The Company manages asset quality and credit risk by maintaining diversification in its loan portfolio and through review processes that include analysis of credit requests and ongoing examination of outstanding loans and delinquencies, with particular attention to portfolio dynamics and loan mix. The Company strives to identify loans experiencing difficulty early enough to correct the problems, to record charge-offs promptly based on realistic assessments of collectability and current collateral values and to maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses at all times. Asset quality reviews of loans and other non-performing assets are administered using credit risk rating standards and criteria similar to those employed by state and federal banking regulatory agencies.

Commercial loans, whether secured or unsecured, generally are made to support the short-term operations and other needs of small businesses. These loans are generally secured by the receivables, equipment, and other real property of the business and are susceptible to the related risks described above. Problem commercial loans are generally identified by periodic review of financial information that may include financial statements, tax returns, and payment history of the borrower. Based on this information, the Company may decide to take any of several courses of action, including demand for repayment, requiring the borrower to provide a significant principal payment and/or additional collateral or requiring similar support from guarantors. Notwithstanding, when repayment becomes unlikely based on the borrower's income and cash flow, repossession or foreclosure of the underlying collateral may become necessary. Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank-approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, purchase invoices, or other appropriate documentation.

Commercial real estate loans generally fall into two categories, owner-occupied and non-owner occupied. Loans secured by owner-occupied real estate are primarily susceptible to changes in the market conditions of the related business. This may be driven by, among other things, industry changes, geographic business changes, changes in the individual financial capacity of the business owner, general economic conditions and changes in business cycles. These same risks apply to Commercial loans whether secured by equipment, receivables or other personal property or unsecured. Problem commercial real estate loans are generally identified by periodic review of financial information that may include financial statements, tax returns, payment history of the borrower, and site inspections. Based on this information, the Company may decide to take any of several courses of action, including demand for repayment, requiring the borrower to provide a significant principal payment and/or additional collateral or requiring similar support from guarantors. Notwithstanding, when repayment becomes unlikely based on the borrower's income and cash flow, repossession or foreclosure of the underlying collateral may become necessary. Losses on loans secured by owner occupied real estate, equipment, or other personal property generally are dictated by the value of underlying collateral at the time of default and liquidation of the collateral. When default is driven by issues related specifically to the business owner, collateral values tend to provide better repayment support and may result in little or no loss. Alternatively, when default is driven by more general economic conditions, underlying collateral generally has devalued more and results in larger losses due to default. Loans secured by non-owner occupied real estate are primarily susceptible to risks associated with swings in occupancy or vacancy and related shifts in lease rates, rental rates or room rates. Most often, these shifts are a result of changes in general economic or market conditions or overbuilding and resulting over-supply of space. Losses are dependent on the value of underlying collateral at the time of default. Values are generally driven by these same factors and influenced by interest rates and required rates of return as well as changes in occupancy costs. Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank-approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, sales invoices, or other appropriate means.

Agricultural loans, whether secured or unsecured, generally are made to producers and processors of crops and livestock. Repayment is primarily from the sale of an agricultural product or service. Agricultural loans are generally secured by inventory, receivables, equipment, and other real property. Agricultural loans primarily are susceptible to changes in market demand for specific commodities. This may be exacerbated by, among other things, industry changes, changes in the individual financial capacity of the business owner, general economic conditions and changes in business cycles, as well as adverse weather conditions such as drought or floods. Problem agricultural loans are generally identified by periodic review of financial information that may include financial statements, tax returns, crop budgets, payment history, and crop inspections. Based on this information, the Company may decide to take any of several courses of action, including demand for repayment, requiring the borrower to provide a significant principal payment and/or additional collateral or requiring similar support from guarantors. Notwithstanding, when repayment becomes unlikely based on the borrower's income and cash flow, repossession or foreclosure of the underlying collateral may become necessary.

Residential mortgage loans, which are secured by real estate, are primarily susceptible to four risks; non-payment due to diminished or lost income, over-extension of credit, a lack of borrower's cash flow to sustain payments, and shortfalls in collateral value. In general, non-payment is usually due to loss of employment and follows general economic trends in the economy, particularly the upward movement in the unemployment rate, loss of collateral value, and demand shifts.

Construction loans, whether owner-occupied or non-owner occupied residential development loans, are not only susceptible to the related risks described above but the added risks of construction, including cost over-runs, mismanagement of the project, or lack of demand and market changes experienced at time of completion. Losses are primarily related to underlying collateral value and changes therein as described above. Problem construction loans are generally identified by periodic review of financial information that may include financial statements, tax returns and payment history of the borrower. Based on this information, the Company may decide to take any of several courses of action, including demand for repayment, requiring the borrower to provide a significant principal payment and/or additional collateral or requiring similar support from guarantors, or repossession or foreclosure of the underlying collateral. Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank-approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, purchase invoices, or other appropriate documentation.

Consumer loans, whether unsecured or secured, are primarily susceptible to four risks: non-payment due to diminished or lost income, over-extension of credit, a lack of borrower's cash flow to sustain payments, and shortfall in collateral value. In general, non-payment is usually due to loss of employment and will follow general economic trends in the economy, particularly the upward movements in the unemployment rate, loss of collateral value, and demand shifts.

Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank-approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, purchase invoices, or other appropriate documentation. Collateral valuations are obtained at origination of the credit and periodically thereafter (generally annually but may be more frequent depending on the collateral type), once repayment is questionable, and the loan has been deemed classified.

As of June 30, 2020, approximately 33% in principal amount of the Company's loans were for general commercial uses, including professional, retail and small businesses. Approximately 46% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were secured by commercial real estate, consisting primarily of loans secured by commercial properties and construction and land development loans. Approximately 10% in principal amount of the Company's loans were for agriculture, approximately 7% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were residential mortgage loans, approximately 2% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were residential construction loans and approximately 2% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were consumer loans.

Once a loan becomes delinquent or repayment becomes questionable, a Company collection officer will address collateral shortfalls with the borrower and attempt to obtain additional collateral or a principal payment. If this is not forthcoming and payment of principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement becomes unlikely, the Company will consider the loan to be impaired and will estimate its probable loss, using the present value of future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. For collateral dependent loans, the Company will utilize a recent valuation of the underlying collateral less estimated costs of sale, and charge-off the loan down to the estimated net realizable amount. Depending on the length of time until final collection, the Company may periodically revalue the estimated loss and take additional charge-offs or specific reserves as warranted. Revaluations may occur as often as every 3-12 months depending on the underlying collateral and volatility of values. Final charge-offs or recoveries are taken when the collateral is liquidated and the actual loss is confirmed. Unpaid balances on loans after or during collection and liquidation may also be pursued through legal action and attachment of wages or judgment liens on the borrower's other assets.

At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, all loans were pledged under a blanket collateral lien to secure actual or potential borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”).

Non-accrual and Past Due Loans

The Company’s loans by delinquency and non-accrual status, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, were as follows:

($ in thousands)	Current & Accruing		30-59 Days Past Due & Accruing		60-89 Days Past Due & Accruing		90 Days or More Past Due & Accruing		Nonaccrual		Total Loans
June 30, 2020
Commercial	$	333,868	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	450	$	334,318
Commercial Real Estate		453,790		—		—		—		5,708		459,498
Agriculture		87,185		—		—		—		9,145		96,330
Residential Mortgage		69,517		—		—		—		170		69,687
Residential Construction		15,969		—		—		—		—		15,969
Consumer		22,131		10		—		—		883		23,024
Total	$	982,460	$	10	$	—	$	—	$	16,356	$	998,826

December 31, 2019
Commercial	$	105,741	$	—	$	133	$	—	$	266	$	106,140
Commercial Real Estate		451,215		—		93		—		466		451,774
Agriculture		115,751		—		—		—		—		115,751
Residential Mortgage		64,771		—		—		—		172		64,943
Residential Construction		15,212		—		—		—		—		15,212
Consumer		26,472		100		—		—		253		26,825
Total	$	779,162	$	100	$	226	$	—	$	1,157	$	780,645

Non-accrual loans amounted to $16,356,000 at June 30, 2020 and were comprised of four commercial loans totaling $450,000, four commercial real estate loans totaling $5,708,000, three agriculture loans totaling $9,145,000, one residential mortgage loan totaling $170,000 and seven consumer loans totaling $883,000. Non-accrual loans amounted to $1,157,000 at December 31, 2019 and were comprised of three commercial loans totaling $266,000, two commercial real estate loans totaling $466,000, one residential mortgage loan totaling $172,000 and four consumer loans totaling $253,000. All non-accrual loans are measured for impairment based upon the present value of future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's observable market price, or the fair value of collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. If the measurement of the non-accrual loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, an impairment is recognized through the establishment of a specific reserve sufficient to cover expected losses and/or a charge-off against the allowance for loan losses. If the loan is considered to be collateral dependent, it is generally the Company's policy to charge-off the portion of any non-accrual loan that the Company does not expect to collect by writing the loan down to the estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were on non-accrual status at June 30, 2020.

Impaired Loans

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled interest payments. Loans to be considered for impairment include non-accrual loans, troubled debt restructurings and loans with a risk rating of 5 (special mention) or worse and an aggregate exposure of $500,000 or more. Once identified, impaired loans are measured individually for impairment using one of three methods: present value of expected cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate; the loan's observable market price; or fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. In general, any portion of the recorded investment in a collateral dependent loan in excess of the fair value of the collateral that can be identified as uncollectible, and is, therefore, deemed a confirmed loss, is promptly charged-off against the allowance for loan losses.

Impaired loans, segregated by loan class, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

($ in thousands)	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance		Recorded Investment with No Allowance		Recorded Investment with Allowance		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance
June 30, 2020
Commercial	$	1,538	$	450	$	1,023	$	1,473	$	19
Commercial Real Estate		5,735		5,708		—		5,708		—
Agriculture		9,162		9,145		—		9,145		—
Residential Mortgage		1,137		170		897		1,067		167
Residential Construction		703		—		671		671		73
Consumer		971		883		78		961		1
Total	$	19,246	$	16,356	$	2,669	$	19,025	$	260

December 31, 2019
Commercial	$	1,694	$	266	$	1,385	$	1,651	$	26
Commercial Real Estate		715		466		250		716		19
Agriculture		—		—		—		—		—
Residential Mortgage		1,152		172		912		1,084		171
Residential Construction		724		—		691		691		56
Consumer		340		253		80		333		1
Total	$	4,625	$	1,157	$	3,318	$	4,475	$	273

The average recorded investment in impaired loans and the amount of interest income recognized on impaired loans during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 was as follows:

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020				Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Commercial	$	1,468	$	14	$	2,260	$	32
Commercial Real Estate		3,231		—		614		4
Agriculture		4,572		—		2,389		240
Residential Mortgage		1,071		6		1,183		22
Residential Construction		676		9		727		8
Consumer		645		1		293		18
Total	$	11,663	$	30	$	7,466	$	324

The average recorded investment in impaired loans and the amount of interest income recognized on impaired loans during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 was as follows:

($ in thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020				Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Commercial	$	1,529	$	35	$	2,474	$	74
Commercial Real Estate		2,393		4		623		8
Agriculture		3,048		—		3,203		240
Residential Mortgage		1,075		15		1,306		34
Residential Construction		681		18		671		16
Consumer		541		3		325		21
Total	$	9,267	$	75	$	8,602	$	393

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The Company's loan portfolio includes certain loans that have been modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR"), which are loans on which concessions in terms have been granted because of the borrowers' financial difficulties and, as a result, the Company receives less than the current market-based compensation for the loan. These concessions may include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions. Certain TDRs are placed on non-accrual status at the time of restructure and may be returned to accruing status after considering the borrower's sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months.

When a loan is modified, it is measured based upon the present value of future cash flows discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, or the fair value of collateral less selling costs if the loan is collateral dependent. If the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized through a specific allowance or a charge-off of the loan.

The Company had $2,749,000 and $3,413,000 in TDR loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Specific reserves for TDR loans totaled $260,000 and $273,000 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. TDR loans performing in compliance with modified terms totaled $2,669,000 and $3,318,000 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. There were no commitments to advance additional funds on existing TDR loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

On March 22, 2020, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued joint guidance advising that the agencies have confirmed with the staff of the Financial Accounting Standards Board that short-term modifications due to COVID-19 made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current prior to relief, are not TDRs. The CARES Act also provided relief from TDR classification for certain COVID-19 loan modifications. The Bank elected not to classify modifications that meet the criteria under either the CARES Act or the criteria specified by the regulatory agencies as TDRs.

There were no loans modified as TDRs during the three month periods ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019.

There were no loans modified as TDRs during the six month period ended June 30, 2020.

Loans modified as TDRs during the six months ended June 30, 2019 were as follows:

($ in thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Number of Contracts		Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment		Post-modification outstanding recorded investment
Residential Construction		2	$	189	$	189
Total		2	$	189	$	189

Loan modifications generally involve reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, or forbearance. No loans were modified as a TDR within the previous 12 months that subsequently defaulted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019.

Credit Quality Indicators

All loans are rated using the credit risk ratings and criteria adopted by the Company. Risk ratings are adjusted as future circumstances warrant. All credits risk rated 1, 2, 3 or 4 equate to a Pass as indicated by Federal and State bank regulatory agencies; a 5 equates to a Special Mention; a 6 equates to Substandard; a 7 equates to Doubtful; and an 8 equates to a Loss. For the definitions of each risk rating, see Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following table presents the risk ratings by loan class as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

($ in thousands)	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Loss		Total
June 30, 2020
Commercial	$	330,590	$	3,020	$	708	$	—	$	—	$	334,318
Commercial Real Estate		430,429		17,402		11,667		—		—		459,498
Agriculture		84,304		543		11,483		—		—		96,330
Residential Mortgage		69,354		—		333		—		—		69,687
Residential Construction		15,969		—		—		—		—		15,969
Consumer		22,041		—		983		—		—		23,024
Total	$	952,687	$	20,965	$	25,174	$	—	$	—	$	998,826

December 31, 2019
Commercial	$	104,944	$	428	$	768	$	—	$	—	$	106,140
Commercial Real Estate		427,991		17,739		6,044		—		—		451,774
Agriculture		105,573		7,823		2,355		—		—		115,751
Residential Mortgage		64,596		—		347		—		—		64,943
Residential Construction		15,212		—		—		—		—		15,212
Consumer		25,933		500		392		—		—		26,825
Total	$	744,249	$	26,490	$	9,906	$	—	$	—	$	780,645

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan class for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.

Three months ended June 30, 2020
($ in thousands)	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture			Residential Mortgage		Residential Construction			Consumer			Unallocated		Total
Balance as of March 31, 2020	$	2,606		$	7,406	$	1,788		$	536	$	260		$	251		$	22	$	12,869
Provision for loan losses		(230	)		28		(133	)		4		(15	)		(27	)		1,173		800

Charge-offs		(39	)		—		—			—		—			(4	)		—		(43	)
Recoveries		1			—		—			—		—			4			—		5
Net charge-offs		(38	)		—		—			—		—			—			—		(38	)
Balance as of June 30, 2020	$	2,338		$	7,434	$	1,655		$	540	$	245		$	224		$	1,195	$	13,631

Six months ended June 30, 2020
($ in thousands)	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture			Residential Mortgage		Residential Construction		Consumer			Unallocated		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	2,354		$	6,846	$	2,054		$	466	$	201	$	236		$	199	$	12,356
Provision for loan losses		156			588		(399	)		74		44		(9	)		996		1,450

Charge-offs		(184	)		—		—			—		—		(13	)		—		(197	)
Recoveries		12			—		—			—		—		10			—		22
Net charge-offs		(172	)		—		—			—		—		(3	)		—		(175	)
Balance as of June 30, 2020	$	2,338		$	7,434	$	1,655		$	540	$	245	$	224		$	1,195	$	13,631

The following table details the allowance for loan losses allocated to loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment by loan class as of June 30, 2020.

($ in thousands)	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Residential Mortgage		Residential Construction		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Period-end amount allocated to:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	19	$	—	$	—	$	167	$	73	$	1	$	—	$	260
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		2,319		7,434		1,655		373		172		223		1,195		13,371
Ending Balance	$	2,338	$	7,434	$	1,655	$	540	$	245	$	224	$	1,195	$	13,631

The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan class for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.

Three months ended June 30, 2019
($ in thousands)	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Residential Mortgage			Residential Construction			Consumer			Unallocated		Total
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	2,499		$	6,386	$	1,834	$	502		$	217		$	277		$	1,031	$	12,746
Provision for loan losses		(191	)		43		79		(82	)		(41	)		(6	)		198		—

Charge-offs		—			—		—		—			—			(8	)		—		(8	)
Recoveries		64			—		—		16			20			—			—		100
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		64			—		—		16			20			(8	)		—		92
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	2,372		$	6,429	$	1,913	$	436		$	196		$	263		$	1,229	$	12,838

Six months ended June 30, 2019
($ in thousands)	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Residential Mortgage			Residential Construction			Consumer			Unallocated		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	3,198		$	5,890	$	1,632	$	643		$	318		$	279		$	862	$	12,822
Provision for loan losses		(759	)		539		281		(279	)		(143	)		(6	)		367		—

Charge-offs		(150	)		—		—		—			—			(15	)		—		(165	)
Recoveries		83			—		—		72			21			5			—		181
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		(67	)		—		—		72			21			(10	)		—		16
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	2,372		$	6,429	$	1,913	$	436		$	196		$	263		$	1,229	$	12,838

The following table details the allowance for loan losses allocated to loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment by loan class as of June 30, 2019.

($ in thousands)	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Residential Mortgage		Residential Construction		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Period-end amount allocated to:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	32	$	20	$	—	$	179	$	48	$	2	$	—	$	281
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		2,340		6,409		1,913		257		148		261		1,229		12,557
Ending Balance	$	2,372	$	6,429	$	1,913	$	436	$	196	$	263	$	1,229	$	12,838

The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses and the amount allocated to loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Year ended December 31, 2019
($ in thousands)	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture			Residential Mortgage			Residential Construction			Consumer			Unallocated			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	3,198		$	5,890	$	1,632		$	643		$	318		$	279		$	862		$	12,822
Provision for loan losses		(415	)		956		520			(251	)		(138	)		(9	)		(663	)		—

Charge-offs		(638	)		—		(98	)		—			—			(43	)		—			(779	)
Recoveries		209			—		—			74			21			9			—			313
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		(429	)		—		(98	)		74			21			(34	)		—			(466	)
Ending Balance	$	2,354		$	6,846	$	2,054		$	466		$	201		$	236		$	199		$	12,356
Period-end amount allocated to:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	26		$	19	$	—		$	171		$	56		$	1		$	—		$	273
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		2,328			6,827		2,054			295			145			235			199			12,083
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	2,354		$	6,846	$	2,054		$	466		$	201		$	236		$	199		$	12,356

The Company’s investment in loans as of June 30, 2020, June 30, 2019, and December 31, 2019 related to each balance in the allowance for loan losses by loan class and disaggregated on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology was as follows:

($ in thousands)	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Residential Mortgage		Residential Construction		Consumer		Total
June 30, 2020
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,473	$	5,708	$	9,145	$	1,067	$	671	$	961	$	19,025
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		332,845		453,790		87,185		68,620		15,298		22,063		979,801
Ending Balance	$	334,318	$	459,498	$	96,330	$	69,687	$	15,969	$	23,024	$	998,826

June 30, 2019
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	2,347	$	603	$	—	$	1,015	$	711	$	202	$	4,878
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		108,695		421,460		109,440		55,093		14,818		29,262		738,768
Ending Balance	$	111,042	$	422,063	$	109,440	$	56,108	$	15,529	$	29,464	$	743,646

December 31, 2019
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,651	$	716	$	—	$	1,084	$	691	$	333	$	4,475
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		104,489		451,058		115,751		63,859		14,521		26,492		776,170
Ending Balance	$	106,140	$	451,774	$	115,751	$	64,943	$	15,212	$	26,825	$	780,645