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Loans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Loans [Abstract]  
Loans
(4)
Loans

The composition of the Company’s loan portfolio, by loan class, at December 31, is as follows:  

 
 
2018
  
2017
 
Commercial
 
$
125,177
  
$
135,015
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
420,106
   
398,346
 
Agriculture
  
123,626
   
113,555
 
Residential Mortgage
  
51,064
   
42,081
 
Residential Construction
  
20,124
   
21,299
 
Consumer
  
35,397
   
38,900
 
 
        
 
  
775,494
   
749,196
 
Allowance for loan losses
  
(12,822
)
  
(11,133
)
Net deferred origination fees and costs
  
721
   
1,049
 
 
        
Loans, net
 
$
763,393
  
$
739,112
 

The Company manages asset quality and credit risk by maintaining diversification in its loan portfolio and through review processes that include analysis of credit requests and ongoing examination of outstanding loans and delinquencies, with particular attention to portfolio dynamics and loan mix.  The Company strives to identify loans experiencing difficulty early enough to correct the problems, to record charge-offs promptly based on realistic assessments of collectability and current collateral values and to maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses at all times.   Asset quality reviews of loans and other non-performing assets are administered using credit risk rating standards and criteria similar to those employed by state and federal banking regulatory agencies.

Commercial loans, whether secured or unsecured, generally are made to support the short-term operations and other needs of small businesses.  These loans are generally secured by the receivables, equipment, and other real property of the business and are susceptible to the related risks described above.  Problem commercial loans are generally identified by periodic review of financial information that may include financial statements, tax returns, and payment history of the borrower.  Based on this information, the Company may decide to take any of several courses of action, including demand for repayment, requiring the borrower to provide a significant principal payment and/or additional collateral or requiring similar support from guarantors. Notwithstanding, when repayment becomes unlikely based on the borrower's income and cash flow, repossession or foreclosure of the underlying collateral may become necessary.  Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank-approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, purchase invoices, or other appropriate documentation.

Commercial real estate loans generally fall into two categories, owner-occupied and non-owner occupied.  Loans secured by owner-occupied real estate are primarily susceptible to changes in the market conditions of the related business.  This may be driven by, among other things, industry changes, geographic business changes, changes in the individual financial capacity of the business owner, general economic conditions and changes in business cycles. These same risks apply to Commercial loans whether secured by equipment, receivables or other personal property or unsecured.  Problem commercial real estate loans are generally identified by periodic review of financial information that may include financial statements, tax returns, payment history of the borrower, and site inspections.  Based on this information, the Company may decide to take any of several courses of action, including demand for repayment, requiring the borrower to provide a significant principal payment and/or additional collateral or requiring similar support from guarantors. Notwithstanding, when repayment becomes unlikely based on the borrower's income and cash flow, repossession or foreclosure of the underlying collateral may become necessary.  Losses on loans secured by owner occupied real estate, equipment, or other personal property generally are dictated by the value of underlying collateral at the time of default and liquidation of the collateral.  When default is driven by issues related specifically to the business owner, collateral values tend to provide better repayment support and may result in little or no loss. Alternatively, when default is driven by more general economic conditions, underlying collateral generally has devalued more and results in larger losses due to default.  Loans secured by non-owner occupied real estate are primarily susceptible to risks associated with swings in occupancy or vacancy and related shifts in lease rates, rental rates or room rates. Most often, these shifts are a result of changes in general economic or market conditions or overbuilding and resulting over-supply of space.  Losses are dependent on the value of underlying collateral at the time of default.  Values are generally driven by these same factors and influenced by interest rates and required rates of return as well as changes in occupancy costs.  Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank-approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, sales invoices, or other appropriate means.

Agricultural loans, whether secured or unsecured, generally are made to producers and processors of crops and livestock.  Repayment is primarily from the sale of an agricultural product or service.  Agricultural loans are generally secured by inventory, receivables, equipment, and other real property.  Agricultural loans primarily are susceptible to changes in market demand for specific commodities.  This may be exacerbated by, among other things, industry changes, changes in the individual financial capacity of the business owner, general economic conditions and changes in business cycles, as well as adverse weather conditions such as drought or floods.  Problem agricultural loans are generally identified by periodic review of financial information that may include financial statements, tax returns, crop budgets, payment history, and crop inspections.  Based on this information, the Company may decide to take any of several courses of action, including demand for repayment, requiring the borrower to provide a significant principal payment and/or additional collateral or requiring similar support from guarantors. Notwithstanding, when repayment becomes unlikely based on the borrower's income and cash flow, repossession or foreclosure of the underlying collateral may become necessary.

Residential mortgage loans, which are secured by real estate, are primarily susceptible to four risks; non-payment due to diminished or lost income, over-extension of credit, a lack of borrower's cash flow to sustain payments, and shortfalls in collateral value.  In general, non-payment is usually due to loss of employment and follows general economic trends in the economy, particularly the upward movement in the unemployment rate, loss of collateral value, and demand shifts.

Construction loans, whether owner-occupied or non-owner occupied residential development loans, are not only susceptible to the related risks described above but the added risks of construction, including cost over-runs, mismanagement of the project, or lack of demand and market changes experienced at time of completion.  Losses are primarily related to underlying collateral value and changes therein as described above.  Problem construction loans are generally identified by periodic review of financial information that may include financial statements, tax returns and payment history of the borrower.  Based on this information, the Company may decide to take any of several courses of action, including demand for repayment, requiring the borrower to provide a significant principal payment and/or additional collateral or requiring similar support from guarantors, or repossession or foreclosure of the underlying collateral.  Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank-approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, purchase invoices, or other appropriate documentation.

Consumer loans, whether unsecured or secured, are primarily susceptible to four risks: non-payment due to diminished or lost income, over-extension of credit, a lack of borrower's cash flow to sustain payments, and shortfall in collateral value.  In general, non-payment is usually due to loss of employment and will follow general economic trends in the economy, particularly the upward movements in the unemployment rate, loss of collateral value, and demand shifts.  

Collateral values may be determined by appraisals obtained through Bank-approved, licensed appraisers, qualified independent third parties, purchase invoices, or other appropriate documentation.  Collateral valuations are obtained at origination of the credit and periodically thereafter (generally annually but may be more frequent depending on the collateral type), once repayment is questionable, and the loan has been deemed classified.

As of December 31, 2018, approximately 16% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were for general commercial uses, including professional, retail and small businesses.  Approximately 54% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were secured by commercial real estate, which consists primarily of loans secured by commercial properties and construction and land development loans.  Approximately 16% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were for agriculture, approximately 7% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were residential mortgage loans, approximately 3% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were residential construction loans and approximately 4% in principal amount of the Company’s loans were consumer loans.

Once a loan becomes delinquent or repayment becomes questionable, a Company collection officer will address collateral shortfalls with the borrower and attempt to obtain additional collateral or a principal payment.  If this is not forthcoming and payment of principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement becomes unlikely, the Company will consider the loan to be impaired and will estimate its probable loss, using the present value of future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.  For collateral dependent loans, the Company will utilize a recent valuation of the underlying collateral less estimated costs of sale, and charge-off the loan down to the estimated net realizable amount.  Depending on the length of time until final collection, the Company may periodically revalue the estimated loss and take additional charge-offs or specific reserves as warranted. Revaluations may occur as often as every 3-12 months depending on the underlying collateral and volatility of values.  Final charge-offs or recoveries are taken when the collateral is liquidated and the actual loss is confirmed.  Unpaid balances on loans after or during collection and liquidation may also be pursued through legal action and attachment of wages or judgment liens on the borrower's other assets.

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all loans were pledged under a blanket collateral lien to secure actual and potential borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank.

Non-accrual and Past Due Loans
 
The Company’s loans by delinquency and non-accrual status, as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was as follows:

 
 
Current & Accruing
  
30-59 Days Past Due & Accruing
  
60-89 Days Past Due & Accruing
  
90 Days or
more Past Due & Accruing
  
Nonaccrual
  
Total Loans
 
December 31, 2018
                  
Commercial
 
$
123,765
  
$
662
  
$
  
$
  
$
750
  
$
125,177
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
419,725
   
   
   
   
381
   
420,106
 
Agriculture
  
118,639
   
157
   
   
   
4,830
   
123,626
 
Residential Mortgage
  
50,964
   
   
   
   
100
   
51,064
 
Residential Construction
  
20,124
   
   
   
   
   
20,124
 
Consumer
  
35,054
   
114
   
38
   
   
191
   
35,397
 
Total
 
$
768,271
  
$
933
  
$
38
  
$
  
$
6,252
  
$
775,494
 
 
                        
December 31, 2017
                        
Commercial
 
$
133,913
  
$
  
$
  
$
45
  
$
1,057
  
$
135,015
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
396,521
   
101
   
   
   
1,724
   
398,346
 
Agriculture
  
113,555
   
   
   
   
   
113,555
 
Residential Mortgage
  
40,354
   
349
   
597
   
   
781
   
42,081
 
Residential Construction
  
21,299
   
   
   
   
   
21,299
 
Consumer
  
38,656
   
1
   
38
   
   
205
   
38,900
 
Total
 
$
744,298
  
$
451
  
$
635
  
$
45
  
$
3,767
  
$
749,196
 

Non-accrual loans amounted to $6,252 at December 31, 2018 and were comprised of two commercial loans totaling $750, two commercial real estate loans totaling $381, five agriculture loans totaling $4,830, two residential mortgage loans totaling $100, and one consumer loan totaling $191.  Non-accrual loans amounted to $3,767 at December 31, 2017 and were comprised of three commercial loans totaling $1,057, three commercial real estate loans totaling $1,724, three residential mortgage loans totaling $781, and one consumer loan totaling $205.  All non-accrual loans are measured for impairment based upon the present value of future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's observable market price, or the fair value of collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent.  If the measurement of the non-accrual loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, an impairment is recognized through the establishment of a specific reserve sufficient to cover expected losses and/or a charge-off against the allowance for loan losses. If the loan is considered to be collateral dependent, it is generally the Company's policy to charge-off the portion of any non-accrual loan that the Company does not expect to collect by writing the loan down to the estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral.  There was a $261 commitment to lend additional funds to a borrower whose loan was on non-accrual status at December 31, 2018.

Impaired Loans

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled interest payments.  Loans to be considered for impairment include non-accrual loans, troubled debt restructurings and loans with a risk rating of 5 (special mention) or worse and an aggregate exposure of $500,000 or more.  Once identified, impaired loans are measured individually for impairment using one of three methods:  present value of expected cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate; the loan's observable market price; or fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.  In general, any portion of the recorded investment in a collateral dependent loan in excess of the fair value of the collateral that can be identified as uncollectible, and is, therefore, deemed a confirmed loss, is promptly charged-off against the allowance for loan losses.

Impaired loans, segregated by loan class, as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:

 
 
Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance
  
Recorded Investment with no Allowance
  
Recorded Investment with Allowance
  
Total Recorded Investment
  
Related Allowance
 
December 31, 2018
               
Commercial
 
$
3,591
  
$
300
  
$
2,602
  
$
2,902
  
$
496
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
780
   
381
   
261
   
642
   
21
 
Agriculture
  
4,830
   
4,830
   
   
4,830
   
 
Residential Mortgage
  
1,669
   
100
   
1,451
   
1,551
   
287
 
Residential Construction
  
560
   
   
560
   
560
   
49
 
Consumer
  
403
   
191
   
198
   
389
   
2
 
Total
 
$
11,833
  
$
5,802
  
$
5,072
  
$
10,874
  
$
855
 
 
                    
December 31, 2017
                    
Commercial
 
$
3,882
  
$
1,057
  
$
2,603
  
$
3,660
  
$
53
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
2,114
   
1,724
   
272
   
1,996
   
36
 
Agriculture
  
   
   
   
   
 
Residential Mortgage
  
2,628
   
781
   
1,496
   
2,277
   
302
 
Residential Construction
  
651
   
   
650
   
650
   
76
 
Consumer
  
418
   
205
   
213
   
418
   
3
 
Total
 
$
9,693
  
$
3,767
  
$
5,234
  
$
9,001
  
$
470
 
 
The average recorded investment in impaired loans and the amount of interest income recognized on impaired loans during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 was as follows:

 
 
December 31, 2018
  
December 31, 2017
  
December 31, 2016
 
 
 
Average Recorded Investment
  
Interest Income Recognized
  
Average Recorded Investment
  
Interest Income Recognized
  
Average Recorded Investment
  
Interest Income Recognized
 
Commercial
 
$
2,986
  
$
181
  
$
3,980
  
$
157
  
$
3,276
  
$
33
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
1,681
   
15
   
1,780
   
15
   
857
   
16
 
Agriculture
  
966
   
   
   
   
   
 
Residential Mortgage
  
1,834
   
72
   
2,543
   
92
   
3,131
   
93
 
Residential Construction
  
612
   
28
   
732
   
37
   
945
   
44
 
Consumer
  
439
   
27
   
548
   
26
   
736
   
71
 
Total
 
$
8,518
  
$
323
  
$
9,583
  
$
327
  
$
8,945
  
$
257
 

None of the interest on impaired loans was recognized using a cash basis of accounting for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.


Troubled Debt Restructurings

The Company's loan portfolio includes certain loans that have been modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR"), which are loans on which concessions in terms have been granted because of the borrowers' financial difficulties and, as a result, the Company receives less than the current market-based compensation for the loan.  These concessions may include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions.  Certain TDRs are placed on non-accrual status at the time of restructure and may be returned to accruing status after considering the borrower's sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months.
 
When a loan is modified, it is measured based upon the present value of future cash flows discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, or the fair value of collateral less selling costs if the loan is collateral dependent.  If the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized through a specific allowance or a charge-off of the loan.

The Company had $4,813 and $5,896 in TDR loans as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  Specific reserves for TDR loans totaled $405 and $470 as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  TDR loans performing in compliance with modified terms totaled $4,622 and $5,234 as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  There were no commitments to advance additional funds on existing TDR loans as of December 31, 2018.

Loans modified as troubled debt restructurings during the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 were as follows:

 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
 
Number of Contracts
 
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment
 
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment
 
Consumer
  
1
  
$
191
  
$
191
 
Total
  
1
  
$
191
  
$
191
 

 
Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
 
Number of Contracts
 
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment
 
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment
 
Commercial
  
1
  
$
2,410
  
$
2,410
 
Total
  
1
  
$
2,410
  
$
2,410
 

 
Year Ended December 31, 2016
 
 
Number of Contracts
 
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment
 
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment
 
Commercial
  
2
  
$
5,180
  
$
5,180
 
Total
  
2
  
$
5,180
  
$
5,180
 

Loan modifications generally involve reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, or forbearance. There were no troubled debt restructurings modified within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default during the year ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.  There was one commercial loan with a recorded investment of $5,000 that was modified as a troubled debt restructuring within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default during the year ended December 31, 2016.  The Company considers a loan to be in payment default when it is 90 days or more past due.



Credit Quality Indicators

All new loans are rated using the credit risk ratings and criteria adopted by the Company.  Risk ratings are adjusted as future circumstances warrant.  All credits risk rated 1, 2, 3 or 4 equate to a Pass as indicated by Federal and State regulatory agencies; a 5 equates to a Special Mention; a 6 equates to Substandard; a 7 equates to Doubtful; and an 8 equates to a Loss.  General definitions for each risk rating are as follows:

Risk Rating “1” – Pass (High Quality):  This category is reserved for loans fully secured by Company CD’s or savings accounts and properly margined (as defined in the Company’s Credit Policy) and actively traded securities (including stocks, as well as corporate, municipal and U.S. Government bonds).

Risk Rating “2” – Pass (Above Average Quality):  This category is reserved for borrowers with strong balance sheets that are well structured with manageable levels of debt and good liquidity.  Cash flow is sufficient to service all debt, including the Company’s, as agreed.  Historical earnings, cash flow, and payment performance have all been strong and trends are positive and consistent.  Collateral protection is better than the Company’s Credit Policy guidelines.

Risk Rating “3” – Pass (Average Quality):  Credits within this category are considered to be of average, but acceptable, quality.  Loan characteristics, including term and collateral advance rates, meet the Company’s Credit Policy guidelines; unsecured lines to borrowers with above average liquidity and cash flow may be considered for this category; the borrower’s financial strength is well documented, with adequate, but consistent, cash flow to meet all obligations.  Liquidity should be sufficient and leverage should be moderate. Monitoring of collateral may be required, including a borrowing base or construction budget.  Alternative financing is typically available.

Risk Rating “4” – Pass (Below Average Quality):  Credits within this category are considered sound, but merit additional attention due to industry concentrations within the borrower’s customer base, problems within their industry, deteriorating financial or earnings trends, declining collateral values, increased frequency of past due payments and/or overdrafts, discovery of documentation deficiencies which may impair our borrower’s ability to repay, or the Company’s ability to liquidate collateral.  Financial performance is average but inconsistent.  There also may be changes of ownership, management or professional advisors, which could be detrimental to the borrower’s future performance.

Risk Rating “5” – Special Mention (Criticized):  Loans in this category are currently protected by their collateral value and have no loss potential identified, but have potential weaknesses which may, if not monitored or corrected, weaken our ability to collect payments from the borrower or satisfactorily liquidate our collateral position.  Loans where terms have been modified due to their failure to perform as agreed may be included in this category.  Adverse trends in the borrower’s operation, such as reporting losses or inadequate cash flow, increasing and unsatisfactory leverage, or an adverse change in economic or market conditions may have weakened the borrower’s business and impaired their ability to repay based on original terms.  The condition or value of the collateral has deteriorated to the point where adequate protection for our loan may be jeopardized in the future. Loans in this category are in transition and, generally, do not remain in this category beyond 12 months.  During this time, efforts are focused on strategies aimed at upgrading the credit or locating alternative financing.

Risk Rating “6” – Substandard (Classified):  Loans in this category are inadequately protected by the borrower’s net worth, capacity to repay or collateral pledged, if any.  Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt.  There exists a strong possibility of loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.  Loans that are dependent on the liquidation of collateral to repay are included in this category, as well as borrowers in bankruptcy or where legal action is required to effect collection of our debt.

Risk Rating “7” – Doubtful (Classified):  Loans in this category indicate all of the weaknesses of a Substandard classification, however, collection of loan principal, in full, is highly questionable and improbable; possibility of loss is very high, but there is still a possibility that certain collection strategies may, yet, be successful, rendering a definitive loss difficult to estimate, at this time.  Loans in this category are in transition and, generally, do not remain in this category more than 6 months.


Risk Rating “8” – Loss (Classified):

Active Charge-Off.  Loans in this category are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their removal from the Company’s books is required.  The charge-off is pending or already processed.  Collateral positions have been or are in the process of being liquidated and the borrower/guarantor may or may not be cooperative in repayment of the debt.  Recovery prospects are unknown at this time, but we are still actively engaged in the collection of the loan.

Inactive Charge-Off.  Loans in this category are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their removal from the Company’s books is required.  The charge-off is pending or already processed.  Collateral positions have been liquidated and the borrower/guarantor has nothing of any value remaining to apply to the repayment of our loan.  Any further collection activities would be of little value.

The following table presents the risk ratings by loan class as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

 
 
Pass
  
Special Mention
  
Substandard
  
Doubtful
  
Loss
  
Total
 
December 31, 2018
                  
Commercial
 
$
121,848
  
$
66
  
$
2,813
  
$
450
  
$
  
$
125,177
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
395,436
   
14,272
   
10,398
   
   
   
420,106
 
Agriculture
  
104,809
   
11,750
   
7,067
   
   
   
123,626
 
Residential Mortgage
  
50,149
   
   
915
   
   
   
51,064
 
Residential Construction
  
19,372
   
752
   
   
   
   
20,124
 
Consumer
  
34,272
   
590
   
535
   
   
   
35,397
 
Total
 
$
725,886
  
$
27,430
  
$
21,728
  
$
450
  
$
  
$
775,494
 
 
                        
December 31, 2017
                        
Commercial
 
$
132,846
  
$
1,050
  
$
1,119
  
$
  
$
  
$
135,015
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
378,632
   
16,101
   
3,613
   
   
   
398,346
 
Agriculture
  
110,370
   
3,140
   
45
   
   
   
113,555
 
Residential Mortgage
  
39,142
   
2,147
   
792
   
   
   
42,081
 
Residential Construction
  
21,299
   
   
   
   
   
21,299
 
Consumer
  
38,157
   
500
   
243
   
   
   
38,900
 
Total
 
$
720,446
  
$
22,938
  
$
5,812
  
$
  
$
  
$
749,196
 

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan category for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

 
 
Commercial
  
Commercial Real Estate
  
Agriculture
  
Residential Mortgage
  
Residential Construction
  
Consumer
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
Balance as of
December 31, 2017
 
$
2,625
  
$
5,460
  
$
1,547
  
$
628
  
$
360
  
$
342
  
$
171
  
$
11,133
 
Provision for loan losses
  
1,036
   
572
   
85
   
(19
)
  
(173
)
  
(92
)
  
691
   
2,100
 
 
                                
Charge-offs
  
(509
)
  
(142
)
  
   
   
   
(34
)
  
   
(685
)
Recoveries
  
46
   
   
   
34
   
131
   
63
   
   
274
 
Net charge-offs
  
(463
)
  
(142
)
  
   
34
   
131
   
29
   
   
(411
)
Ending Balance
  
3,198
   
5,890
   
1,632
   
643
   
318
   
279
   
862
   
12,822
 
Period-end amount allocated to:
                                
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
  
496
   
21
   
   
287
   
49
   
2
   
   
855
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  
2,702
   
5,869
   
1,632
   
356
   
269
   
277
   
862
   
11,967
 
Balance as of
December 31, 2018
 
$
3,198
  
$
5,890
  
$
1,632
  
$
643
  
$
318
  
$
279
  
$
862
  
$
12,822
 

 
 
Commercial
  
Commercial Real Estate
  
Agriculture
  
Residential Mortgage
  
Residential Construction
  
Consumer
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
Balance as of December 31, 2016
 
$
3,571
  
$
3,910
  
$
1,262
  
$
660
  
$
440
  
$
498
  
$
558
  
$
10,899
 
Provision for loan losses
  
(567
)
  
1,550
   
285
   
(7
)
  
(85
)
  
(189
)
  
(387
)
  
600
 
 
                                
Charge-offs
  
(681
)
  
   
   
(121
)
  
   
(33
)
  
   
(835
)
Recoveries
  
302
   
   
   
96
   
5
   
66
   
   
469
 
Net charge-offs
  
(379
)
  
   
   
(25
)
  
5
   
33
   
   
(366
)
Ending Balance
  
2,625
   
5,460
   
1,547
   
628
   
360
   
342
   
171
   
11,133
 
Period-end amount allocated to:
                                
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
  
53
   
36
   
   
302
   
76
   
3
   
   
470
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  
2,572
   
5,424
   
1,547
   
326
   
284
   
339
   
171
   
10,663
 
Balance as of December 31, 2017
 
$
2,625
  
$
5,460
  
$
1,547
  
$
628
  
$
360
  
$
342
  
$
171
  
$
11,133
 
 

 
 
Commercial
  
Commercial Real Estate
  
Agriculture
  
Residential Mortgage
  
Residential Construction
  
Consumer
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
Balance as of December 31, 2015
 
$
3,097
  
$
3,343
  
$
1,060
  
$
739
  
$
334
  
$
641
  
$
37
  
$
9,251
 
Provision for loan losses
  
883
   
582
   
121
   
(67
)
  
101
   
(341
)
  
521
   
1,800
 
 
                                
Charge-offs
  
(446
)
  
(15
)
  
   
(13
)
  
   
(65
)
  
   
(539
)
Recoveries
  
37
   
   
81
   
1
   
5
   
263
   
   
387
 
Net charge-offs
  
(409
)
  
(15
)
  
81
   
(12
)
  
5
   
198
   
   
(152
)
Ending Balance
  
3,571
   
3,910
   
1,262
   
660
   
440
   
498
   
558
   
10,899
 
Period-end amount allocated to:
                                
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
  
898
   
39
   
   
584
   
98
   
25
   
   
1,644
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  
2,673
   
3,871
   
1,262
   
76
   
342
   
473
   
558
   
9,255
 
Balance as of December 31, 2016
 
$
3,571
  
$
3,910
  
$
1,262
  
$
660
  
$
440
  
$
498
  
$
558
  
$
10,899
 

The Company’s investment in loans as of December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 related to each balance in the allowance for loan losses by loan category and disaggregated on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology was as follows:

 
 
Commercial
  
Commercial Real Estate
  
Agriculture
  
Residential Mortgage
  
Residential Construction
  
Consumer
  
Total
 
December 31, 2018
 
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
2,902
  
$
642
  
$
4,830
  
$
1,551
  
$
560
  
$
389
  
$
10,874
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  
122,275
   
419,464
   
118,796
   
49,513
   
19,564
   
35,008
   
764,620
 
Ending Balance
 
$
125,177
  
$
420,106
  
$
123,626
  
$
51,064
  
$
20,124
  
$
35,397
  
$
775,494
 
 
                            
December 31, 2017
 
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
3,660
  
$
1,996
  
$
  
$
2,277
  
$
650
  
$
418
  
$
9,001
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  
131,355
   
396,350
   
113,555
   
39,804
   
20,649
   
38,482
   
740,195
 
Ending Balance
 
$
135,015
  
$
398,346
  
$
113,555
  
$
42,081
  
$
21,299
  
$
38,900
  
$
749,196
 
December 31, 2016
 
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
5,578
  
$
823
  
$
  
$
3,034
  
$
820
  
$
704
  
$
10,959
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  
120,733
   
343,387
   
101,905
   
37,203
   
22,830
   
42,546
   
668,604
 
Ending Balance
 
$
126,311
  
$
344,210
  
$
101,905
  
$
40,237
  
$
23,650
  
$
43,250
  
$
679,563