6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Securities available-for-sale and trading securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a non-recurring basis, such as loans held-for-sale, loans held-for-investment and certain other assets. These non-recurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized on the actual date of the event or circumstances that caused the transfer, which generally corresponds with the Company's quarterly valuation process.

Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The table below presents the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2017:

	(in thousands)
March 31, 2017	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	28,608	$	28,608	$	—	$	—
Securities of U.S. government agencies and corporations		22,226		—		22,226		—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		30,587		—		30,587		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations		52,682		—		52,682		—
Mortgage-backed securities		159,340		—		159,340		—
Total investments at fair value	$	293,443	$	28,608	$	264,835	$	—

There were no transfers of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis between level 1 and level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The table below presents the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016:

	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	28,652	$	28,652	$	—	$	—
Securities of U.S. government agencies and corporations		24,197		—		24,197		—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		30,888		—		30,888		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations		49,938		—		49,938		—
Mortgage-backed securities		143,404		—		143,404		—
Total investments at fair value	$	277,079	$	28,652	$	248,427	$	—

Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are included in the table below by level within the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2017:

	(in thousands)
March 31, 2017	Carrying Value			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3
Impaired loans		$	3,674		$	—		$	—		$	3,674
Total assets at fair value		$	3,674		$	—		$	—		$	3,674

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are included in the table below by level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2016:

	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016	Carrying Value			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3
Impaired loans		$	4,128		$	—		$	—		$	4,128
Loan servicing rights			1,794			—			—			1,794
Total assets at fair value		$	5,922		$	—		$	—		$	5,922

There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Key methods and assumptions used in measuring the fair value of impaired loans and loan servicing rights as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:

	Method	Assumption Inputs

Impaired loans	Collateral, market, income, enterprise, liquidation and discounted Cash Flows	External appraised values, management assumptions regarding market trends or other relevant factors; selling costs ranging 6% to 7%.
Loan servicing rights	Discounted cash flows	Present value of expected future cash flows was estimated using a discount rate factor of 10.02% as of December 31, 2016. A constant prepayment rate of 12.67% as of December 31, 2016 was utilized.

The following section describes the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value.

Investment Securities Available-for-Sale

Investment securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, if available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security's credit rating, prepayment assumptions, and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities, municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. Securities classified as Level 3 include asset-backed securities in less liquid markets where valuations include significant unobservable assumptions.

Loans Held-for-Sale

Loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value of loans held-for-sale is based on what secondary markets are currently offering for portfolios with similar characteristics. As such, the Company classifies loans subjected to non-recurring fair value adjustments as Level 2. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no loans held-for-sale that required a write-down.

Impaired Loans

The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, a loan is considered impaired and an allowance for loan losses is established. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, the Company measures impairment. The fair value of impaired loans is estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value, market value of similar debt, enterprise value, liquidation value and discounted cash flows. Inputs include external appraised values, management assumptions regarding market trends or other relevant factors, selling and commission costs generally ranging from 6% to 7%, and amount and timing of cash flows based upon current discount rates. Those impaired loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans.

At March 31, 2017, certain impaired loans were considered collateral dependent and were evaluated based on the fair value of the underlying collateral securing the loan. Impaired loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. When a loan is evaluated based on the fair value of the underlying collateral securing the loan, the Company records the impaired loan as non-recurring Level 3.

Other Real Estate Owned

Other real estate assets ("OREO") acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure are held-for-sale and are initially recorded at the lower of cost or fair value, less selling costs. Any write-downs to fair value at the time of transfer to OREO are charged to the allowance for loan losses. Appraisals or evaluations are then done periodically thereafter charging any additional write-downs or valuation allowances to the appropriate expense accounts. Values are derived from appraisals of underlying collateral and discounted cash flow analysis. OREO is classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no OREO that required a write-down.

Loan Servicing Rights

Loan servicing rights are subject to impairment testing. The Company utilizes a third party service provider to calculate the fair value of the Company's loan servicing rights. Loan servicing rights are measured at fair value as of the date of sale. The Company uses quoted market prices when available. Subsequent fair value measurements are determined using a discounted cash flow model. In order to determine the fair value of the loan servicing rights, the present value of expected future cash flows is estimated. Assumptions used include market discount rates, anticipated prepayment speeds, delinquency and foreclosure rates, and ancillary fee income.

The model used to calculate the fair value of the Company's loan servicing rights is periodically validated by an independent external model validation group. The model assumptions and the loan servicing rights fair value estimates are also compared to observable trades of similar portfolios as well as to loan servicing rights broker valuations and industry surveys, as available. If the valuation model reflects a value less than the carrying value, loan servicing rights are adjusted to fair value through a valuation allowance as determined by the model. As such, the Company classifies loan servicing rights subjected to non-recurring fair value adjustments as Level 3.

Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments for the periods ended March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were approximately as follows:

			March 31, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Level		Carrying amount		Fair value		Carrying amount		Fair value

Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		1	$	163,247	$	163,247	$	159,643	$	159,643
Certificates of deposit		2		15,717		15,726		16,213		16,230
Stock in Federal Home Loan Bank and other equity securities		3		4,409		4,409		4,409		4,409
Loans receivable:
Net loans		3		653,453		652,973		669,770		669,437
Loans held-for-sale		2		1,243		1,280		3,326		3,363
Interest receivable		2		3,686		3,686		3,996		3,996
Mortgage servicing rights		3		1,798		1,918		1,794		1,794
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		3		1,060,734		990,737		1,063,696		1,001,460
Interest payable		2		80		80		78		78

The following section describes the valuation methodologies used by the Company for estimating fair value of financial instruments not recorded at fair value on the Balance Sheet.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying amounts reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and short-term instruments are a reasonable estimate of fair value. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the relatively short term between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization. Therefore, the Company believes the measurement of fair value of cash and cash equivalents is derived from Level 1 inputs.

Certificates of Deposit

The Company measures the fair value of Certificates of deposit using Level 2 inputs. The fair values of Certificates of deposit were derived by discounting their future expected cash flows back to their present values based upon a constant maturity curve. The constant maturity curve is based on similar instruments, taking into account factors such as instrument type, coupon type, currency, issuer, sector, country of issuer, credit rating, and prevailing market conditions. The Company believes these inputs fall under Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Other Equity Securities

The carrying amounts reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets approximate fair value as the shares can only be redeemed by the issuing institution. The Company believes the measurement of the fair value of other equity securities is derived from Level 3 inputs.

Loans Receivable

For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. The fair values for other loans (e.g., commercial real estate and rental property mortgage loans, commercial and industrial loans, and agricultural loans) are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. The allowance for loan losses is considered to be a reasonable estimate of loan discount due to credit risks. Given the estimation of expected credit losses involves management estimates for assumptions that are not directly observable in a market, the Company believes the fair value of loans receivable is derived from Level 3 inputs.

Interest Receivable and Payable

The carrying amount of interest receivable and payable approximates its fair value. The Company believes the measurement of the fair value of interest receivable and payable is derived from Level 2 inputs.

Deposit Liabilities

The Company measures fair value of deposits using both observable and unobservable inputs. The fair value of deposits were derived by discounting their expected future cash flows back to their present values based on the FHLB yield curve, and their expected decay rates for non-maturing deposits. The Company is able to obtain FHLB yield curve rates as of the measurement date, and believes these inputs fall under Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Decay rates were developed through internal analysis, and are supported by recent years of the Bank's transaction history. The inputs used by the Company to derive the decay rate assumptions are unobservable inputs, and therefore fall under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company's entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company's financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Other significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include deferred tax liabilities and premises and equipment. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in many of the estimates.