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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

a) Basis of presentation
The Company is in the process of evaluating business opportunities and is a development stage company. The Company’s fiscal year end is December 31. The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Arvana Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and for the cumulative amounts from the beginning of the development stage on January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2011, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”) for financial information with the instructions to Form 10-K and Regulation S-K. Results are not necessarily indicative of results which may be achieved in the future.

 

b) Basis of consolidation
Included in the financial statements are the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned inactive subsidiaries Arvana Networks, Arvana Par, and Arvana Com. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated.

 

c) Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

d) Foreign currency translation and transactions
When translating the Brazilian subsidiary operations to the Company’s reporting currency non monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect on the transaction date. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the periods.

 

Transactions conducted in foreign currencies are recorded using the exchange rate in effect on the transaction date. At the period end, monetary assets and liabilities are translated to the functional currency of each entity using the exchange rate in effect at the period end date. Transaction gains and losses are recorded in foreign exchange gain or loss in the statement of operations.

 

e) Comprehensive income
The Company considers comprehensive income (loss) as a change in equity (net assets) of a business entity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. It includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

 

f) Cash equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments, with terms to maturity of three months or less when acquired, to be cash equivalents.

 

g) Financial instruments
Financial instruments of the Company are comprised of cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities,  amounts due to related parties, loans payable – stockholders, loans payable – related parties, and loans payable. The estimated fair values of financial instruments were considered by management to be not materially different from their carrying values due to their short term to maturity or capacity for prompt liquidation.

 

The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on US GAAP guidance which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

 

The Company classifies financial assets and liabilities as held-for-trading, available-for-sale, held-to-maturity, loans and receivables or other financial liabilities depending on their nature. Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized at fair value on their initial recognition, except for those arising from certain related party transactions which are accounted for at the transferor’s carrying amount or exchange amount.

 

Financial assets and liabilities classified as held-for-trading are measured at fair value, with gains and losses recognized in net income.  Financial assets classified as held-to-maturity, loans and receivables and financial liabilities other than those classified as held-for-trading are measured at amortized cost, using the effective interest rate method of amortization.  Financial assets classified as available-for-sale are measured at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses being recognized as other comprehensive income until realized, or if an unrealized loss is considered other than temporary, the unrealized loss is recorded in income.

 

The following indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques the Company utilizes to determine the fair value of financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

  

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities;

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 – Inputs that are not based on observable market data.

 

Financial instruments, including accounts payable and accrued liabilities, amounts due to related parties, loans payable – stockholders, loans payable-related parties, and loans payable are classified as other financial liabilities and carried at cost, which management believes approximates fair value due to the short term nature of these instruments.  Cash is classified as held-for-trading, with unrealized gains and losses being recognized in income, is based on level one quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

 

h) Concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the company to concentrations of credit risk consists of cash. The Company maintains cash in bank accounts that, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risks on its cash in bank accounts.

 

i) Income taxes
A deferred tax asset or liability is recorded for all temporary differences between financial and tax reporting and net operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax expense (benefit) results from the net change during the year of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

 

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

 

j) Stock-based compensation
The Company accounts for all stock-based payments to employees and non-employees under ASC 718 “Stock Compensation,” using the fair value based method. Under the fair value method, stock-based payments are measured at the fair value of the consideration received, or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, or liabilities incurred, whichever is more reliably measurable. The cost of stock-based payments to non-employees that are fully vested and non-forfeitable at the grant date is measured and recognized at that date.

 

k) Loss per share
Basic loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common stock equivalents, including stock options and warrants.

 

l) Reclassifications
Certain of the comparative figures for the prior years have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.

 

m) Recent accounting pronouncements

 

In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, “Fair Value Measurement:  Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in US GAAP and IFRSs,” amending Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820.  Although ASU 2011-04 deals primarily with development of a single fair value framework for US GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, the ASU also contains additional guidance on fair value measurements.  Among other things, ASU 2011-04: clarifies how a principal market is determined; addresses the fair value measurement or counterparty credit risks and the concept of valuation premise and highest and best use of nonfinancial assets; prescribes a model for measuring the fair value of an instrument classified in shareholders’ equity; limits the use of premiums or discounts based on the size of a holding; and requires certain new disclosures, including disclosures of all transfers between Levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy, whether or not significant, and additional disclosures regarding unobservable inputs and valuation processes for Level 3 measurements.  The guidance in ASU 2011-04 is to be applied prospectively, and is effective for the Company for interim and annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2011.  The Company does not expect that adoption of the guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, “Presentation of Comprehensive Income,” amending Topic 220.  The amendments provide that an entity has the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements.  This ASU eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity.  The ASU does not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income, nor does it require any transition disclosures.  The amendments in this ASU are to be applied retrospectively, and are effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011.  Early adoption is permitted.  In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-12, Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05, which defers the effective date of a requirement in ASU 2011-05 related to reclassifications of items out of accumulated other comprehensive income.  The deferral of the effective date was made to allow the FASB time to consider whether to require presentation on the face of the financial statements the effects of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the components of net income and other comprehensive income for all periods presented.

 

In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-11, “Balance Sheet (Topic 210):  Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities,” amending Topic 210.  The amendments require an entity to disclose both gross and net information about both instruments and transactions that are eligible for offset on the balance sheet and instruments and transactions that are subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement.  This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and interim periods within those annual periods, with retrospective disclosure for all comparative periods presented.  The Company is evaluating the impact of the ASU but does not expect that adoption of the ASU will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.