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Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Income Taxes
Income Taxes	Note 13. Income Taxes Income tax expense was $6.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The $3.9 million increase was primarily due to a $20.6 million increase in pretax income. Income tax expense was $12.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared with $6.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The $6.2 million increase was primarily due to a $33.7 million increase in pretax income. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, was less than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% due to favorable discrete items related to equity compensation in those periods and Federal research and development tax credits that reduce the annual tax rate. The Deferred income taxes of $44.2 million and $57.9 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as the tax effect of carryforwards. We have recorded a $10.2 million valuation allowance in the U.S. against certain tax credits and state net operating losses due to the uncertainty of their realization. Realization of our net deferred tax assets is dependent on future taxable income. We believe it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized; however, ultimate realization could be impacted by market conditions and other variables not known or anticipated at this time.

Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Note 13. Income Taxes

Income tax expense was $6.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The $3.9 million increase was primarily due to a $20.6 million increase in pretax income. Income tax expense was $12.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared with $6.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The $6.2 million increase was primarily due to a $33.7 million

increase in pretax income. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, was less than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% due to favorable discrete items related to equity compensation in those periods and Federal research and development tax credits that reduce the annual tax rate.

The Deferred income taxes of $44.2 million and $57.9 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as the tax effect of carryforwards. We have recorded a $10.2 million valuation allowance in the U.S. against certain tax credits and state net operating losses due to the uncertainty of their realization. Realization of our net deferred tax assets is dependent on future taxable income. We believe it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized; however, ultimate realization could be impacted by market conditions and other variables not known or anticipated at this time.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

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