EX-1.1 2 a2018_aif.htm 2018 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM Exhibit


Exhibit 1.1

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SIERRA WIRELESS, INC.
ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
DATED March 8, 2019







ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM

Table of Contents

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
CURRENCY
CORPORATE STRUCTURE
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS
NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS
Industry Background
Products and Solutions
Customers
Product Development
Marketing
Manufacturing
Competition
Employees
Intellectual Property
Governmental Regulation
Foreign Operations
Additional Information Concerning Our Business
RISK FACTORS
DIVIDENDS
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE
Credit Facilities
MARKET FOR SECURITIES
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Directors
Executive Officers
CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT
AUDIT COMMITTEE
Mandate of the Audit Committee
Composition of the Audit Committee
Relevant Education and Experience
Reliance on Certain Exemptions
Audit Committee Oversight
Pre-approval Policies and Procedures
Auditor Independence
Auditors' Fees
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
QUORUM EXEMPTION
REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT
MATERIAL CONTRACTS
EXPERTS
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION




Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements
 
Certain statements and information in this Annual Information Form ("AIF") are not based on historical facts and constitute forward-looking statements or forward-looking information within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Canadian securities laws (collectively, “forward-looking statements”). These forward looking statements may include statements regarding our business outlook for the short and longer term and statements regarding our strategy, plans, goals, objectives and future operating performance; the Company's liquidity and capital resources; the Company's financial and operating objectives and strategies to achieve them; general economic conditions; estimates of our expenses, future revenues, non-GAAP earnings per share and capital requirements; our expectations regarding the legal proceedings we are involved in; statements with respect to the Company's estimated working capital; expectations with respect to the adoption of IoT solutions; expectations regarding trends in the IoT market and wireless module market; expectations regarding product and price competition from other wireless device manufacturers and solution providers; and our ability to implement effective control procedures. Forward-looking statements are provided to help you understand our views of our short and long term plans, expectations and prospects. We caution you that forward-looking statements may not be appropriate for other purposes.

Any statements that express or involve discussions with respect to predictions, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance (often, but not always, identified by words or phrases such as "outlook", “expects”, “is expected”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “plans”, “projects”, “estimates”, “assumes”, “intends”, “strategy”, “goals”, “objectives”, “potential”, “possible”, or variations thereof, or stating that certain actions, events, conditions or results “may”, “could”, “would”, “should”, “might” or “will” be taken, occur or be achieved, or the negative of any of these terms and similar expressions) are not statements of historical fact and may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not promises or guarantees of future performance, they represent our current views and may change significantly. Forward-looking statements are based on a number of material assumptions, including, but not limited to, those listed below, which could prove to be significantly incorrect:

our ability to develop, manufacture and sell new products and services that meet the needs of our customers and gain commercial acceptance;
our ability to continue to sell our products and services in the expected quantities at the expected prices and expected times;
expected macro-economic business conditions;
expected cost of sales;
expected component supply constraints;
our ability to win new business;
our ability to fully integrate the business, operations and workforce of Numerex Corp. ("Numerex") and to return the Numerex business to profitable growth and realize the expected benefits of the acquisition;
our ability to integrate other acquired businesses and realize expected benefits;
expected deployment of next generation networks by wireless network operators;
our operations not being adversely disrupted by other developments, operating, cyber security, litigation, or regulatory risks; and
expected tax and foreign exchange rates.

Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual events or results to differ significantly from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements, including, without limitation:

competition from new or established competitors or from those with greater resources;
disruption of, and demands on, our ongoing business and diversion of management's time and attention in connection with acquisitions or divestitures;
the loss of, or significant demand fluctuations from, any of our significant customers;
our ability to attract or retain key personnel and the impact of organizational change on our business;

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deterioration in macro-economic conditions and resulting reduced demand for our products and services;
risks related to the acquisition and ongoing integration of Numerex;
cyber-attacks or other breaches of our information technology security;
our financial results being subject to fluctuation;
our ability to respond to changing technology, industry standards and customer requirements;
risks related to infringement on intellectual property rights of others;
our ability to obtain necessary rights to use software or components supplied by third parties;
our ability to enforce our intellectual property rights;
our reliance on single source suppliers for certain components used in our products;
failures of our products or services due to design flaws and errors, component quality issues, manufacturing defects, network service interruptions, cyber-security vulnerabilities or other quality issues;
our dependence on a limited number of third party manufacturers;
unanticipated costs associated with litigation or settlements;
our dependence on mobile network operators to promote and offer acceptable wireless data services;
risks related to contractual disputes with counterparties;
risks related to governmental regulation;
risks related to the transmission, use and disclosure of user data and personal information;
risks inherent in foreign jurisdictions; and
risks related to tariffs or other trade restrictions.

This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect any of our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are statements about the future and are inherently uncertain, and our actual achievements or other future events or conditions may differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks, uncertainties and other factors, including, without limitation, those referred to below under "Risks and Uncertainties" and those referred to in our other regulatory filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") in the United States and the provincial securities commissions in Canada.

Our forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs, expectations and opinions of management on the date the statements are made, and we do not assume any obligation to update forward-looking statements if circumstances or management’s beliefs, expectations or opinions should change, except as required by applicable law. For the reasons set forth above, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.



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CURRENCY
Unless otherwise indicated, all figures are stated in United States dollars.

CORPORATE STRUCTURE
Unless the context otherwise indicates, references to “we”, “our”, “us”, “the Company”, “the Corporation” or “Sierra Wireless” in this Annual Information Form means Sierra Wireless, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Sierra Wireless was incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act on May 31, 1993. The Articles of Sierra Wireless were amended by a Certificate of Amendment issued March 29, 1999 to remove the private company provisions and restrictions on share transfer. The Articles of the Company were further amended by Certificates of Amendment issued May 13, 1999 and May 14, 1999 to: (i) re-designate and change all existing Common Shares in the capital of the Company to new Common Shares in the capital of the Company (the “Common Shares”); (ii) change the rights attached to all Preference Shares in the capital of the Company (the “Preference Shares”) and to remove each existing series of Preference Shares; and (iii) consolidate the Common Shares on the basis of one post-consolidation Common Share for 1.5 pre-consolidation Common Shares. Effective March 30, 2003, the Company amended the Company's By-Laws to take into account certain changes made to the Canada Business Corporations Act, including (i) the reduction of the Canadian residency requirement to 25% and (ii) to allow for the advance of funds by the Corporation to a director, officer or other person for the costs of a proceeding where the Company is obligated to indemnify such person. The Company amended the By-laws further on April 14, 2014 to (i) increase the quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the board to a majority of the directors, (ii) increase the quorum at any meeting of shareholders to two presents in person, each being a shareholder entitled to vote or duly appointed proxyholder or representative for a shareholder so entitled, and holding or representing, in the aggregate, at least 25% of the votes attaching to all the shares of the Company entitled to be voted at the meeting, and (iii) to adopt the Company's advance notice policy.
The Company’s registered and records office is located at Suite 2600, Three Bentall Centre, 595 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V7X 1L3 and its head office and principal place of business is located at 13811 Wireless Way, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada, V6V 3A4.
The following table lists the principal subsidiaries of Sierra Wireless and their jurisdictions of incorporation or organization. All such entities are 100% owned, directly or indirectly, by Sierra Wireless.
Name
Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization
Sierra Wireless America, Inc.
Delaware, U.S.A.
Sierra Wireless S.A.
France
Sierra Wireless Hong Kong Limited
Hong Kong
Sierra Wireless Sweden AB
Sweden
Numerex Corp.
Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

Subsidiaries with total assets and revenues less than 10 per cent, and in the aggregate less than 20 per cent, of total consolidated assets or total consolidated revenue are excluded from the list.


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GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS
Sierra Wireless is an Internet of Things ("IoT") pioneer that empowers businesses and industries to transform and thrive in the connected economy. Sierra Wireless provides an integrated device-to-cloud solution comprised of embedded and networking solutions seamlessly connected with our IoT platform and connectivity services. Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEMs") and enterprises worldwide rely on our expertise in delivering fully-integrated IoT solutions to reduce complexity, get their connected IoT products and services to market faster, and improve intelligence at the edge of the network.

We operate our business under three reportable segments: (i) OEM Solutions; (ii) Enterprise Solutions; and (iii) IoT Services.

OEM Solutions

As a leading embedded module vendor, we provide standards-based wireless technologies and support open source initiatives that enable OEMs and system integrators to get their IoT solutions to market faster. We make it simple to embed cellular, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and Global Navigation Satellite System ("GNSS") technologies, as well as manage devices, connectivity services and data through our IoT cloud platform. Our OEM Solutions segment includes embedded cellular modules, short range wireless modules, GNSS modules, software and tools for OEM customers who integrate wireless connectivity into their products and solutions across a broad range of industries and applications. Within our OEM Solutions segment, our embedded cellular wireless module product portfolio spans second generation ("2G"), third generation ("3G"), fourth generation ("4G") Long-Term Evolution ("LTE") and Low Power Wide Area ("LPWA") technologies. Our broad product portfolio also includes cloud-based remote device and data management capability, as well as support for our embedded application framework called Legato, which is an open source, Linux-based platform.

Enterprise Solutions

Our Enterprise Solutions segment provides networking solutions comprised of cellular gateways and routers that are complemented by cloud-based services and on-premise software for secure device and network management. Our networking solutions address a broad range of vertical market applications within the mobility, industrial and enterprise market segments.

Our AirLink gateways and routers have strong brand recognition with network operators, distributors, value-added resellers and end customers. Our products are known for their high reliability and technical capability in mission-critical applications deployed in hostile environmental conditions. These gateways and routers leverage our expertise in wireless technologies and offer the latest capabilities in LTE networking, including FirstNet solutions as well as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and GNSS technologies. We also provide our customers with AirLink Management Services through our IoT platform and have introduced new advanced reporting and analytics software to our portfolio. Our AirLink products and services are sold through worldwide channel partners in a two-tier distribution model.

IoT Services

Our IoT Services segment enables the digital transformation of enterprises through integrated IoT cloud and connectivity services. This segment is comprised of four main areas of operation: (i) our global cellular connectivity services, which are subscription-based and include our flexible Smart SIM and core network platforms; (ii) our cloud services, which provide a secure and scalable cloud-based platform for deploying and managing IoT subscriptions, over-the-air updates, devices and applications; (iii) our managed broadband cellular services, which include a combination of hardware, high speed connectivity and cloud services; and (iv) specific vertical market IoT solutions that include segments such as security, asset tracking and asset optimization. These cloud, connectivity and managed broadband services comprise our integrated device-to-cloud strategy and enable worldwide IoT deployments by our customers. Our integrated solution makes it simpler to rapidly build and scale

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IoT applications while de-risking the deployment process. Sierra Wireless offers a broad array of cloud and connectivity services that enable customers to connect to the mobile network and manage their devices and data communications.

In December 2017, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of U.S.-based Numerex in a stock-for-stock merger transaction. This acquisition added a portfolio of managed end-to-end IoT solutions, including smart devices, network connectivity and service applications, addressing a wide spectrum of vertical markets and industrial customers.

We continue to seek opportunities to acquire or invest in businesses, products and technologies that will help us drive our growth strategy forward and expand our position in the IoT market.



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Key highlights for the year ended December 31, 2018:

On May 31, 2018, Jason Cohenour retired from his position as President and Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and stepped down as a Director of the Company. Concurrently, Kent Thexton, Chair of the Board of Directors, was appointed Interim Chief Executive Officer and Greg Aasen, an independent Director since 1997, was named Lead Independent Director.

We announced the appointment of Russell N. Jones, CPA, CA, to our Board of Directors. Mr. Jones is an accomplished business and technology executive, bringing more than 37 years of international operational and leadership experience with leading technology companies, including Canadian e-commerce leader Shopify, Mitel Corporation, Newbridge Networks, Watchfire and Quake Technologies. Mr. Jones replaces outgoing Director Charles Levine, who stepped down from the Board of Directors effective October 24, 2018.
 
We announced the appointment of Joy Chik to our Board of Directors. Ms. Chik is Corporate Vice President for Identity Division in Microsoft's Cloud + AI group. Since joining Microsoft in 1998, as a software engineer, Ms. Chik has risen as an established leader of some of the industry's most impactful engineering teams. She is a member of the Anita Borg Institute and is also active in charities focused on encouraging women and girls to pursue careers in technology.

On October 16, 2018, the Board of Directors announced the appointment of Kent Thexton as CEO. Mr. Thexton had been serving as interim President & CEO since May 31, 2018 and assumed the permanent role on November 1, 2018. Mr. Thexton has held prominent roles as Founding Chief Marketing Officer and board member of O2 plc in the U.K. (now part of Telefonica); Chief Operating Officer of Rogers Cantel in Canada; and co-founded a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) business in the United States. Immediately prior to his appointment, Mr. Thexton was the Co-founder and General Partner at ScaleUp Ventures.

Also on October 16, 2018, Robin Abrams, who has served on our Board of Directors since 2010, was appointed to be the new Board Chair, replacing Mr. Thexton who joined the Board of Directors in March 2005 and has served as Board Chair since February 2016. Mr. Thexton continues to serve as a non-independent director of the Company.

We announced the appointment of Jason Krause to the position of Chief Operating Officer of the Company. Mr. Krause is responsible for all aspects of our product and services, including: product portfolio strategy; product management; research and development; supply chain; quality; and global MNVO network and service operations. Prior to Mr. Krause's new appointment, he was Senior Vice President and General Manager of the Enterprise Solutions business unit and before that he was Senior Vice President of Marketing, Strategy, and Corporate Development.

OEM Solutions

KDDI Corporation, a Japanese telecommunications and system integration provider, selected our AirPrime® HL78 cellular modules for LTE-M IoT applications in a low power gas meter deployment. KDDI will be the world's first carrier to certify and provide its customers with our HL78 modules.

International Vending Alliance ("IVA"), the largest global network with 1.9 million vending machines in more than 70 countries, selected our Smart SIM and AirVantage IoT Platform to revolutionize vending service delivery. IVA is using a single Sierra Smart SIM for global connectivity across its network of machines and our AirVantage platform is enabling them to manage their subscriptions and monitor connectivity services.

Building on the success of mangOH® Red and Green, we released alpha samples of our next-generation mangOH® open source hardware platform, mangOH® Yellow, inviting the IoT developer community to influence the final product. Being smaller and lighter, mangOH® Yellow is targeted at IoT applications where compactness and low-power consumption are essential.

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Our AirPrime® HL78 modules have been certified to operate on both KDDI Corporation's LTE-M network in Japan and AT&T's LTE-M network in the United States. These certifications pave the way for our LPWA customers to support large-scale IoT deployments in smart energy, tracking, industrial asset management, home security and other applications requiring low power and extended coverage.

Our AirPrime® EM7565 LTE-Advanced Pro Embedded Module has been granted FCC approval and is the first embedded module available for Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) networks in the U.S. This enables organizations to operate their own LTE networks in areas such as college, corporate campuses, arenas, airports, ports and warehouses.

We announced the industry's first 5G mechanical module sample at Mobile World Congress. Based on the M.2 form factor, the connectorized AirPrime® module will enable original equipment manufacturers and system integrators requiring the highest possible speeds to deploy 5G on their mobile computing, networking and IoT platforms worldwide.

Enterprise Solutions

We launched our AirLink® LX60, the industry's first cloud-managed LPWA cellular router for commercial and enterprise IoT applications. The LX60, with LTE and LTE-M/NB-IoT variants, extends the AirLink® Networking Solutions portfolio into new applications, including building automation, digital signage, taxis, automated teller machines, kiosks and point-of-sale terminals for both primary and backup connectivity.

Our AirLink® MG90 High-Performance Multi-Network Vehicle Router, based on our AirPrime® EM7511 embedded module, has been certified and approved for operation on FirstNet in the United States. FirstNet is the nationwide public safety communications platform dedicated to America's first responders. The AirLink MG90 is purpose-built to provide secure, always-on connectivity for mission-critical applications in public safety, transit and field services.

We launched AirLink® LX40, the industry's most compact cellular router optimized for the IoT, providing secure, managed connectivity out of the box for business-critical IoT enterprise applications.

We launched AirLink® Management Service - Advanced Reporting and Analytics providing customers with operational insight for vehicle fleet operations using our secure, cloud-based device management platform.

We launched AirLink® RV55 LTE-Advanced Pro router, the industry's most compact, rugged LTE-A Pro router to simplify and lower the cost of connecting critical remote assets, infrastructure and mobile workforces in utility, energy, smart city and public safety applications.

IoT Services

Intellinium selected our device-to-cloud IoT solution for its smart safety shoe, designed to improve worker safety in remote, dangerous or noisy workplaces, such as construction sites, factories, mines, oil platforms, and commercial fishing and agriculture operations.

Girbau, a leading manufacturer of industrial laundry equipment, selected our device-to-cloud IoT solution to enable Sapphire, its new remote monitoring service for commercial laundry machines.

XSun selected our device-to-cloud IoT solution, including AirLink® RV50 gateways, multi-operator smart connectivity services and the AirVantage IoT platform, for its solar-powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.

Atlas Copco, a world-leading provider of sustainable productivity solutions, selected our device-to-cloud IoT solution to transform its industrial compressor business. By deploying our FX30 programmable gateways and

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cloud platform, Atlas Copco is leveraging machine intelligence on the factory floor to provide preventive maintenance, improve uptime and drive operating efficiencies.

We opened a new Global Service Center in Atlanta, Georgia to support our existing and rapidly growing IoT service customer base. More than 140 employees will be based at the location, monitoring millions of Sierra's connected devices around the world and providing 24/7/365 global customer support.

Security Alarms & Co., a Swiss developer of intelligent home security solutions, selected our IoT Services to enable highly resilient cellular connectivity for its ARHUB home security hub. ARHUB connects intelligent home security devices to the Internet with Wi-Fi, LAN and cellular. Using our SIM, ARHUB intelligently analyzes networks and connects to the most available network in the region.

We added solar power to our satellite-enabled asset tracking managed service, which allows agencies to connect, track and manage thousands of relief assets and respond to emergencies more effectively. We use Globalstar Inc.'s SmartOneSolar device to extend battery power and provide reliable satellite connectivity.

In early 2019, we announced mass production of our award-winning Ready-to-Connect solutions. Ready-to-Connect delivers all the key elements needed for an IoT application - cellular module, integrated SIM that's pre-connected to global mobile networks and IoT platform for device and subscription management and simplified operations - in one integrated bundle.

MANN + HUMMEL, a leading global expert for filtration solutions, selected our Smart SIMs and AirVantage® IoT Platform to connect and mange global deployments of Senzit, MANN + HUMMEL's new predictive maintenance platform developed to increase uptime for industrial and agricultural fleets.

Unimar, a worldwide supplier of tower and obstruction lighting products, has selected our device-to-cloud solution, including AirLink® RV50 industrial LTE gateways and SIMs, configured and managed over the air using the AirVantage® IoT Platform, to connect and manage critical lighting and control systems along flight paths.

Significant Acquisitions

Acquisition of Numerex Corp.
On December 7, 2017, in accordance with the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement"), dated as of August 2, 2017, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Numerex in a stock-for-stock merger transaction (the "Transaction") whereby Numerex stockholders received a fixed exchange ratio of 0.18 common shares of Sierra Wireless for each share of Numerex common stock. On closing of the Transaction, Sierra Wireless issued 3,580,832 common shares as merger consideration in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of Numerex common stock and certain outstanding Numerex equity awards and warrants. Concurrent with closing, approximately $20.2 million in the aggregate was paid to retire outstanding Numerex debt for total consideration of $97.5 million. On February 19, 2018, Sierra Wireless filed a Form 51-102F4 - Business Acquisition Report in respect of the Transaction on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

Numerex is a provider of enterprise solutions enabling IoT deployments and its solutions produce new revenue streams and create operating efficiencies for its customers. Numerex provides its technology and services through its integrated platforms, which are generally sold on a subscription basis. Numerex offers a portfolio of managed end-to-end IoT solutions including smart devices, network connectivity and service applications capable of addressing the needs of a wide spectrum of vertical markets and industrial customers. Numerex’s mission is to empower enterprise operations with world-class, managed IoT solutions that are simple, scalable, and secure.






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Highlights of Recent Financial Performance of our Business

Fiscal Year 2018 Compared to Fiscal Year 2017
Our 2018 revenue was $793.6 million, up from $690.7 million in 2017. The increase in revenue was driven by solid year-over-year growth in each of our three reportable segments: our OEM Solutions segment experienced strong demand from automotive, networking and distribution customers; our Enterprise Solutions segment revenues grew as a result of strong sales of AirLink gateway products and related services; and our IoT Services segment revenues grew as a result of the acquisition of Numerex, completed in December 2017, as well as organic subscriber growth in cloud and cellular connectivity services.
Product revenue was $699.3 million in 2018 and $645.4 million in 2017, up 8.4%. Services and other revenue was $94.3 million in 2018 and $45.3 million in 2017, up 108.0%. Services and other revenue represented 11.9% of our total revenue in 2018, compared to 6.6% in 2017.
Gross margin was 33.3% in 2018 compared to 33.9% in 2017. In 2018, gross margin decreased slightly compared to 2017, due to unfavorable product and customer mix in our OEM Solutions segment, partially offset by improved sales of higher margin gateways in our Enterprise Solutions segment, and proportional growth in our higher margin cloud and connectivity services in our IoT Services segment.
We incurred a net loss of $24.6 million in 2018 compared to net earnings of 4.5 million in 2017. The decrease in net earnings reflects higher operating expenses combined with higher restructuring expense, consulting fees, separation costs on the retirement of our former CEO, loss on disposal of our remote tank monitoring business ("iTank") and the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange, offset by lower acquisition costs, absence of impairment loss, and lower income tax expense.
Fiscal Year 2017 Compared to Fiscal Year 2016
In 2017 our revenue was $690.7 million, an increase of 12.3% from 2016. The increase in revenue was driven by solid year-over-year growth in each of our three reportable segments: our OEM Solutions segment experienced growth from automotive and enterprise customers (including mobile computing); our Enterprise Solutions segment revenues grew as a result of the acquired GenX business and the continuing sales ramp of new AirLink gateway and router products; and our IoT Services segment revenue grew as a result of subscriber expansion.

Product revenue increased by $67.1 million, or 11.6%, in 2017 compared to 2016. The increase was primarily driven by growth in both OEM and Enterprise product revenue. Services and other revenue increased by $8.6 million, or 23.3%, in 2017 compared to 2016, primarily driven by increased subscriber growth in cloud and connectivity.

Gross margin was 33.9% of revenue in 2017, compared to 35.3% in 2016. In 2016, gross margin was favorably impacted by a change in estimate of our Intellectual Property ("IP") royalty accrual and two legal settlements. On a comparable year-over-year basis, these items added 210 basis points to gross margin in 2016 compared to 2017. In 2017, gross margin benefited from product cost reductions that were partially offset by unfavorable product mix.

Net earnings were $4.5 million in 2017 compared to $15.6 million in 2016. The decrease of $11.1 million in net earnings reflected decreased earnings from operations as a result of higher operating expenses driven by growth in the business, the added cost structure of acquired businesses, transaction and integration costs associated with acquisitions and an asset impairment, partially offset by foreign exchange gains on balance sheet items and lower income tax expense.





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Revenue by Segment

Our revenue by segment for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 per quarter was as follows:
 
 
2018
 
 
2017 (1)
 
 
 
Total
Q4
Q3
Q2
Q1
 
 
Total
Q4
Q3
Q2
Q1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OEM Solutions
 
$
583,214

$
148,708

$
148,356

$
150,939

$
135,211

 
 
$
554,537

$
139,795

$
137,850

$
144,467

$
132,425

 
Enterprise Solutions
 
119,927

30,257

32,068

28,402

29,200

 
 
101,535

31,879

26,277

21,661

21,718

 
IoT Services 
 
90,461

22,430

23,002

22,562

22,467

 
 
34,655

11,859

8,433

7,288

7,075

 
 
 
$
793,602

$
201,395

$
203,426

$
201,903

$
186,878

 
 
$
690,727

$
183,533

$
172,560

$
173,416

$
161,218

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) 2017 has been adjusted to reflect the adoption of ASC 606- Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS
Industry Background
We manufacture cellular wireless devices and provide services in the wireless communications and information technology industry, enabling connectivity for IoT solutions through cellular and short range wireless technologies. These technologies include 2G cellular standards such as GSM/GPRS/EDGE and CDMA/1xRTT; 3G standards such as UMTS (including HSPDA and HSUPA) and EV-DO; and 4G standards such as HSPA+, LTE, LTE-A; Low Power Wide Area ("LPWA") standards such as LTE-M and NB-IoT; and wireless local area network technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GNSS. Key industry participants include:
mobile network operators ("MNOs") and mobile virtual network operators ("MVNOs"), who deploy, own and operate wireless networks and provide service to end users;
infrastructure vendors, who provide the networking equipment and software to build such networks;
device manufacturers, who provide voice and data communication devices that use the network, such as modems, embedded wireless modules and wireless gateways;
semiconductor companies who manufacture the technology platforms and chipsets that are often used by device manufacturers to develop their products, and
application enablement and cloud vendors, who provide applications and data analytics to enterprises and consumers that utilize the wireless networks.
Over the past several years, we have transitioned our business to focus specifically on integrated device-to-cloud solutions for IoT applications providing cloud and connectivity services as well as a broad portfolio of 2G, 3G, 4G, LPWA and short-range wireless embedded modules, and intelligent gateways.
Recent market trends in the wireless communications industry include:
Evolving wireless networks. Mobile network operators around the world continue to invest in network upgrades to support LTE technologies, enabling mobile broadband connectivity beyond gigabytes per second. Mobile network operators also continue to expand and improve network coverage, improving the ubiquity of cellular wireless access globally. Many global telecommunications carriers are testing various 5G technologies, the next phase of mobile telecommunications standards which is expected to be deployed in the market by 2020-21.
Adoption of LPWA technology. To expand the market for IoT applications, the industry adopted LPWA standards in 2016 by approving specifications for Cat M-1 and Cat NB-1. Sierra Wireless worked actively

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with the 3GPP standards body in setting the Cat M-1 and Cat NB-1 standards and we remain active in evolving this innovative technology. This development is expected to significantly expand the market for low power, deep coverage IoT applications. Cat M-1 and NB-1 devices and related services began to be deployed in late 2018 and we expect this new technology to grow in 2019.
Technology improvements in devices and software. Improvements in wireless chipset technology, including greater integration, higher speeds, and lower power consumption, are driving further advances in cellular devices including on-board application processing, faster data transfer, smaller form factors, lower hardware costs, and longer battery life for host devices. These advances have helped enable the significant growth in demand for connected IoT devices and applications across many segments including automotive, transportation, energy, enterprise networking, sales and payment, industrial control and monitoring, field service, and healthcare.
Lower, more flexible service pricing. MNOs are introducing new wireless connectivity service pricing models to accelerate growth of IoT solutions and applications globally.
Emergence of MVNOs specifically for the IoT. MVNOs are increasing their level of activity in the IoT and expanding their service offerings by leveraging their connectivity services and adding application enablement and device management for IoT applications, often targeting specific vertical market segments.
Increasing focus and investment by large ecosystem participants. Large ecosystem participants, such as mobile network operators, system integrators, semiconductor companies, contract manufacturers, cloud services providers and application enablement companies, are increasing their investments in, and strategic focus on, IoT solutions. Enterprises, governments and other organizations are increasingly incorporating IoT solutions into their business models to enhance productivity, reduce costs and create competitive advantage.
We expect these trends, and others, to stimulate overall growth in the IoT market.  With higher speeds, lower costs, increased battery life and ubiquitous coverage in mobile networks, plus more ecosystem investment and innovative products from solution providers, the number of wireless connected devices and data traffic is expected to increase substantially over the next decade.  This growth will be driven largely by deployment of LPWA and 5G technologies for both low-speed and high-speed IoT connectivity. In turn, this growth is expected to drive demand for secure, scalable integrated device-to-cloud IoT solutions that can connect, gather, store and manage data for customer applications.

Products and Solutions
With sales, engineering, and R&D teams located in offices around the world, we offer the industry's most comprehensive portfolio of embedded modules and gateways, seamlessly integrated with our cloud and connectivity services. Our integrated solutions are developed to be simple, scalable and secure, enabling customers to get their connected products and services to market faster. Our devices are currently operating on more than 600 networks globally and we have shipped more than 160 million connected devices worldwide.
Our IoT Services include our Smart SIM, a global carrier-agnostic subscriber identity module (SIM) that is designed for regional and global IoT applications. Our Smart SIM is one of the industry's first SIMs to support the new GSMA eSIM/eUICC specification. Our fully managed connectivity solutions are bundled with hardware into one monthly service guaranteeing connectivity for mission critical applications. This enables our customers to get their IoT applications to market faster and also scale their deployments quickly.
OEM Solutions
Our OEM Solutions segment includes embedded wireless modules and optimized tools for OEM customers that are used to integrate wireless connectivity into products and solutions across a broad range of industries including

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automotive, transportation, enterprise networking, energy, sales and payment, mobile computing, security, industrial monitoring, field services, healthcare, and others. Within our OEM Solutions segment, our embedded wireless modules product portfolio spans 2G, 3G, 4G and LPWA technologies as well as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and GNSS technologies for use in IoT applications. This product portfolio also includes cellular connectivity services, cloud-based device and data management capability, as well as support for on-board embedded applications using Legato™, our open source, Linux-based application framework.
We believe there are long-term profitable growth prospects in the embedded wireless module market and we plan to continue to invest in our embedded module portfolio to expand our leadership position. Our acquisitions of Wavecom in 2009, the M2M business of Sagemcom in 2012, the M2M modules and modems business of AnyDATA in 2013, Blue Creation in 2016 and the GNSS business of GlobalTop in 2017, combined with subsequent product launches and customer design wins, have allowed us to significantly expand our global position in wireless embedded solutions. We believe that our line-up of embedded modules is amongst the broadest in the industry.

In 2014, we introduced our Legato™ platform, an open source embedded platform built on Linux, designed to simplify IoT application development. Comprised of a tightly integrated application framework, fully tested Linux distribution and feature-rich development environment, the open source Legato™ platform accelerates application level development of connected devices, thereby lowering total development and system costs for OEMs. Legato™ provides existing customizable components needed for IoT solutions across a wide range of target markets, including connected cars, industrial automation and smart meters.

In 2015, we introduced Project MangOH, an open source hardware design which accelerates innovation within the IoT, enables rapid prototyping and shortens the time-to-market for IoT developers. IoT developers can use the MangOH development kit to deploy multiple wireless and sensor technologies to determine the best solutions for their specific IoT use-case requirements. Once their prototype is complete, they can then re-use the industrial-grade design and IoT modules in final production. We introduced MangOH Green and MangOH Red rapid prototyping kits which are being well-received by the development community. Building on the success of mangOH® Red and Green, in 2018, we released alpha samples of our next-generation mangOH® open source hardware platform, mangOH® Yellow, inviting the IoT developer community to influence the final product. Being smaller and lighter, mangOH® Yellow is targeted at IoT applications where compactness and low-power consumption are essential. We announced the industry's first 5G mechanical AirPrime® module sample that will enable original equipment manufacturers and system integrators requiring the highest possible speeds to deploy 5G on their mobile computing, networking and IoT platforms worldwide.

In addition to our devices and related software products, we offer professional services to OEM customers during their product development and launch process. We leverage our expertise in wireless design, software, integration and certification to provide services that enable customers to more rapidly and cost-effectively bring their IoT and connected device solutions to market.
In 2018, total revenue from our OEM Solutions segment increased by 5.2% to $583.2 million compared to $554.5 million in 2017. This increase was primarily due to strong demand from automotive, networking and distribution customers, partially offset by weaker demand from transportation, sale and payment, and mobile computing customers.
Enterprise Solutions
Our Enterprise Solutions segment includes intelligent gateways and routers, security and device management solutions and professional services for enterprise customers. Within our Enterprise Solutions segment, the AirLink product portfolio includes 3G, 4G LTE and LTE-Advanced intelligent wireless gateways and routers that provide plug and play mission-critical connectivity. They are designed for use where reliability and security are essential and are sold to public safety, transportation, field service, energy, industrial, retail and financial enterprises around the world. AirLink gateways can be easily configured for the customer's application and also support on-board embedded applications using the ALEOS or Legato Application Frameworks.

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Our gateway customers can remotely configure, deploy, and monitor their AirLink gateways over-the-air using our AirLink Management Service ("ALMS") which is powered by our AirVantage cloud platform. This service generates recurring, subscription-based revenue for the segment. In 2016, we launched four gateways targeted at specific end markets that have specific connectivity requirements. For the mobility market, we launched the MG90, a high performance dual LTE-A vehicle networking platform that provides secure, always-on mobile connectivity for first responders, field services and transit applications. The MG90 has multi-network switching capability. We also launched the MP70 which enables multiple high-bandwidth applications for vehicle fleets and first responders. For the industrial market, we launched the FX30, the industry’s smallest, most flexible and programmable cellular gateway. The FX30 is integrated with our Legato embedded application framework to provide open source Linux-based programmability. We also launched the RV50x which is an ultra-low power gateway that has been upgraded with LTE-Advanced capability to provide high throughput speeds. In 2017, we launched the industry-leading MP70 LTE-Advanced vehicle router that supports integrated vehicle telemetry, inertial navigation (dead reckoning) and driver behavior features to improve fleet operations and vehicle maintenance. In 2018, we launched our AirLink LX60, the industry's first cloud-managed LPWA cellular router for commercial and enterprise IoT applications. The LX60 extends the AirLink Networking Solutions portfolio into new applications, including building automation, digital signage, taxis, automated teller machines, kiosks and point-of-sale terminals for both primary and backup connectivity. Our AirLink MG90 High-Performance Multi-Network Vehicle Router, based on our AirPrime EM 7511 embedded module, has been certified and approved for operation on FirstNet in the United States. FirstNet is the nationwide public safety communications platform dedicated to America's first responders. We launched AirLink® LX40, the industry's most compact cellular router optimized for the IoT, providing secure, managed connectivity out of the box for business-critical IoT enterprise applications and AirLink® Management Service - Advanced Reporting and Analytics providing customers with operational insight for vehicle fleet operations using our secure, cloud-based device management platform. We launched AirLink® RV55 LTE-Advanced Pro router, the industry's most compact, rugged LTE-A Pro router to simplify and lower the cost of connecting critical remote assets, infrastructure and mobile workforces in utility, energy, smart city and public safety applications. All of our cellular gateways can be monitored, managed and controlled remotely through our ALMS.
In 2016, we acquired GenX to expand our in-vehicle telematics offering and enhance our fleet management and asset tracking portfolio. The telematics business experienced strong growth in 2017 as many fleet transportation businesses deployed in-vehicle gateways to improve transportation efficiency and meet U.S. federal transport requirements. Many of our transportation customers accelerated their fleet deployments in late 2017 and early 2018 to comply with the Hours of Service (HoS) regulations mandated by the U.S. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Subsequently to this acceleration, for the balance of 2018, our mid-tier telematics product volume returned to more normalized levels.
Total revenue from our Enterprise Solutions segment increased by 18.1% to $119.9 million in 2018 compared to $101.5 million in 2017. The increase was mainly driven by strong sales of AirLink gateway products, including the RV50, MG90 and MP70 gateway products, and support and services revenue, partly offset by lower sales of our mid-tier telematics gateways.
IoT Services
Our IoT Services segment provides connectivity services and cloud management together with our hardware devices that are pre-integrated with our Smart SIM to help our customers accelerate time to market for new IoT solutions. This segment comprises four main areas of operation: (i) our global cellular connectivity services, which include our Smart SIM and core network platforms; (ii) our cloud services, which provide a secure and scalable cloud based platform for deploying and managing IoT subscriptions, devices, and applications over the air; (iii) our managed broadband cellular services, which include a combination of hardware, connectivity services and cloud services; and (iv) specific vertical market IoT solutions that include segments such as security, asset tracking and asset optimization.
Our AirVantage Cloud Platform simplifies the deployment of IoT solutions by providing a seamless connection between devices and the enterprise. IoT solution providers can use the latest cloud application programming interface (API) standards to quickly integrate data from their machines or assets with their own enterprise

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applications and back-end solutions. The AirVantage Management Service is a comprehensive device management application with interactive dashboards that make it easy to deploy, monitor and upgrade wireless devices remotely.
Our IoT Services segment also includes connectivity and data management services. As part of these services we introduced the multi-operator Sierra Wireless Smart SIM and Connectivity Service. Using traditional Subscriber Identity Modules ("SIMs") for IoT connectivity can result in interruptions in data transmission, expensive service calls and increased logistics handling issues. Our Smart SIM eliminates such issues by introducing a SIM designed specifically for IoT deployments. The Smart SIM delivers multi-operator coverage, reliable performance and flexible global pricing through a patented embedded agent designed specifically for enabling IoT connectivity anywhere in the world. In 2016, we introduced eUICC as part of our global Smart SIM and connectivity service.  eUICC is a GSMA specification that allows users to remotely provision and change service providers over the air without physically accessing the SIM card. This provides a global, operator-independent connectivity solution which is critical for the deployment of the IoT. As a key part of this strategy we have negotiated wholesale agreements with a number of mobile network operators for the provision of airtime on their networks to support our connectivity services business. In early 2019, we commenced mass production of our award-winning Ready-to-Connect solutions. Ready-to Connect delivers all the key elements needed for an IoT application - cellular module, integrated SIM that is pre-connected to global mobile networks and IoT platform for device and subscription management and simplified operations - in one integrated bundle.
In December 2017, we acquired Numerex Corp. to accelerate our IoT device-to-cloud strategy by adding established IoT customers, proven solutions, and recurring subscription-based revenue. In 2018, we completed many of the integration steps to capture growth, cost and operational synergies. The acquisition of Numerex provided us with the following benefits:
improved subscription-based recurring revenue from IoT services;
a stronger position in the global IoT market;
integration of our global network operations in Atlanta;
expanded sales capacity with an experienced team and channel; and
diversification of our services business and revenue mix.

Total revenue from our IoT Services segment increased by 161.0% to $90.5 million in 2018 compared to $34.7 million in 2017. This growth was mostly driven by the addition of Numerex, acquired in December 2017, as well as organic subscriber growth in cloud and cellular connectivity services.
Customers

Our products and solutions are used by a variety of customers across numerous market segments and many use cases. Market segments that we serve include automotive, transportation, public safety, energy, industrial, enterprise networking, sales and payment, mobile computing, security, industrial monitoring, manufacturing, cleantech, field services, residential and healthcare.
We sell our products both directly and through indirect channels including OEMs, distributors, value-added resellers and mobile network operators. We sell our products to customers worldwide and have built sales and distribution teams to support our international business.
Original Equipment Manufacturers
OEMs are customers that integrate our devices into machines they design and manufacture and then sell to end-user markets through their own direct sales force and indirect distribution channels. In many cases we leverage the market-specific expertise and go-to-market capabilities of our OEM partners to address the connectivity solution needs of certain market segments. Our devices have been integrated into a range of OEM solutions, such as automobiles and commercial vehicles, smart energy meters, point of sale terminals, enterprise routers,

14



notebooks, industrial handhelds, assembly line machinery, mobile and fixed equipment, alarm panels and medical equipment. We sell to OEMs both directly and indirectly through distribution partners around the world.
Resellers and Distributors
Resellers purchase our products either directly from us or from our distributor network and resell them to OEMs and enterprise customers. In order to support our global resellers and OEMs, we have established a global network of distribution partners. Distributors ensure that our products are available to a large number of resellers and OEM customers around the world.
Resellers often combine our products with other elements of an overall solution, such as additional hardware, application software and communication services and deliver a complete solution to the end-user customer. Resellers include IT VARs, system integrators and application solution providers.
Mobile Network Operators
We maintain strong relationships with key mobile network operators worldwide and these relationships allow us to stay aligned with wireless technology trends while we work together to develop the market to drive IoT growth. Additionally, mobile network operator sales teams often work with our sales teams to jointly sell wireless solutions to OEMs, enterprise and government customers. The mobile network operator channel provides us with extended customer reach, while at the same time allows the operators to leverage our wireless solutions expertise to help sell their connectivity services. We have also entered into wholesale purchase agreements with several mobile network operators that enable us to provide global cellular connectivity services to our customers.
Product Development
We have built a reputation in the wireless industry for creating state-of-the-art, high quality products and services and for bringing them to market within aggressive timeframes. Our global product development teams of approximately 677 full time employees, at December 31, 2018, are located in Richmond, British Columbia; Carlsbad, California; Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France; Toulouse, France; Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen, China; and Atlanta, Georgia. These teams are skilled in the areas of radio design, hardware design, embedded software design cloud-based application development and cellular network design. The product development teams in each of our business units include leaders with extensive experience in their fields, along with younger graduates from leading universities.
Our goal is to develop complete, thoroughly validated, high quality products and solutions that are closely managed throughout their entire life cycle. As part of this approach, individuals from our product development group form product-specific teams with staff from other functional areas, including research and development, product management, marketing, operations, technical support and quality. These teams work closely to bring new products through the development phase, while balancing the market requirements of performance, time to market and product cost. Concepts and prototypes are validated by working with lead customers, channel partners and industry consultants. From time to time, projects are outsourced to third parties, who provide product development leverage for our in-house development teams.
Products and services that result from our development process are designed and tested to industry standards, as well as customer requirements and are introduced to our contract manufacturing partners for production and delivery to our customers. Included in the development effort is the certification of our products with industry and regulatory standards bodies and mobile network operators. A group of senior engineers develops and monitors our development processes within an ISO 9001 approved framework or ISO/TS 16949 for automotive grade products. These processes are applied across all development projects to ensure uniformity and high quality.
Our product development staff stays current with technology by participating in industry groups such as the Global Certification Forum, the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association, the European Telecommunications

15



Standards Institute, the Third Generation Partnership Project, the Third Generation Partnership Project 2, the GSM Association, the OneM2M Partnership, and Open Mobile Alliance, as well as through ongoing technical education. We maintain close relationships with local universities by providing financial and technical contributions, hiring co-op students, giving lectures, supporting professorships and participating in regular informal meetings with faculty members.
Marketing
Our marketing team is responsible for providing product life cycle management, marketing programs and strategy, corporate communications and branding, product marketing, demand generation and social media marketing on a global basis.
Product Management & Segment Marketing
Members of our product management and marketing teams play an active role in the development and management of products through their entire product life cycle. Emphasis is placed on understanding customer and market segment needs, developing the business case for new products and services, determining competitive positioning and pricing, and ensuring product completeness, which includes market and competitive analysis, documentation and packaging. The product management team also develops and manages the product portfolio roadmap and both the product management and segment marketing groups interface with customers regarding business opportunities and product requirements.
Corporate Marketing
Members of this team develop and communicate corporate and product positioning to a variety of audiences including new and prospective customers, media and analysts, channel partners, ecosystem partners, and the industry in general in several ways, including:
Global corporate and product branding, positioning and messaging;
Marketing content generation to build awareness for our device-to-cloud offering and thought leadership topics including material such as: webinars, white papers, product and corporate videos, training tutorials, bylined articles, customer stories, news releases, datasheets, segment brochures and corporate brochures;
Product launch and Sales support by way of sales tools, presentations, and outbound launch programs;
Demand generation programs to generate marketing and sales qualified leads that turn into opportunities for the business;
Seek and secure editorial coverage and place advertisements in industry, business and trade publications, and meet with industry experts, media and industry analysts;
Participate in industry and segment conferences and trade shows to drive brand awareness and generate leads;
Develop channel marketing initiatives to educate resellers and distributors and to encourage sell-through of our products and solutions; and
Develop partnerships with other participants in the IoT ecosystem.
Manufacturing
We outsource most of our manufacturing, procurement of certain components, kitting, logistics, assembly, testing and repair. We believe that outsourcing allows us to:
Focus on our core competencies, including research and development, sales and marketing;
Participate in contract manufacturer economies of scale and favorable geographic locations;
Access high quality, lower cost manufacturing resources;
Provide regional manufacturing to support customer requirements and minimize costs;
Achieve rapid production scale; and
Optimize capital utilization.


16



We perform certain manufacturing related functions in-house, including key component sourcing, manufacturing engineering, and development of manufacturing tests.
We use several contract manufacturers and logistics partners to provide an end-to-end global supply chain solution. The fully integrated supply chain services provided by these electronic manufacturing services ("EMS") partners, enable us to optimize product costs and capital utilization, as well as generally achieve increased operating efficiencies and scalability.
Competition
The market for IoT devices and solutions is growing and we expect that it will continue to attract significant competition. Some of our competitors are large corporations with manufacturing scale and financial resources at their disposal, while others are small. However, we believe that our innovation, deep expertise in wireless IoT communications, and the ability to provide an end-to-end solution to our customers, gives us an opportunity to effectively differentiate ourselves.
IoT Services: Our cloud and connectivity services are a strategic differentiator of our integrated device to cloud IoT solutions offering. We are unique in having our own Smart SIM pre-integrated into our devices. Depending on the customers served, our competitors include MNOs and other companies who operate MVNOs or cloud platforms for the IoT market such as Cubic Telecom Limited, Eseye, Kore, Aeris, Wireless Logic, Arkessa, Globe Touch and Transatel.
Wireless Embedded Modules: We have established a market share and technology leadership position by being early to market with leading edge, high performance, high quality products that support the latest wireless technologies. We are a global market leader in wireless cellular embedded modules for IoT and enjoy significant competitive advantages, including a broad product portfolio, a global footprint, strong relationships with global OEMs, and unique open source software platform. Our primary competitors include Gemalto NV, Telit Communications Plc, u-blox Holding AG, Quectel Wireless Solutions, SIMCom Wireless Solutions, Fibocom Wireless Inc. and Huawei Technologies Corporation.

Intelligent Gateways and Routers: The market for intelligent wireless gateways is significantly fragmented depending on the vertical market segment, customer and competition. In the segments where we compete, we believe that our market share is strong, and that competition is intensifying. In order to strengthen our share position, we have launched new products to rejuvenate our product line and increased our investments in sales capacity and other go-to-market initiatives. Our competitors in this line of business vary by market segment and include Cradlepoint Incorporated, CalAmp Corp., Digi International Inc., Cisco Systems Inc. and Multi-Tech Systems Inc.

Employees
As of December 31, 2018 we had a total of 1,400 full time employees, 417 of whom are located at our head office in Richmond, British Columbia, with the balance being located across the United States, Canada, Europe and Asia. Of our 1,400 employees, 677 are involved in product development, 110 are involved in manufacturing and operations, 376 are sales and support personnel, 75 are marketing personnel and 162 are in finance and administration. Employees have access to ongoing training and professional development opportunities that are funded by the Company through on-the-job and outside educational programs.
Competitive compensation, including cash compensation, our employee stock option plan, our employee restricted share unit plans and our retirement plan contribution program, are complemented by internal recognition programs and career advancement opportunities. We believe our relationships with our employees are positive.
We have entered into non-disclosure agreements and confidentiality agreements with key management personnel and with substantially all of our other employees.

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Intellectual Property
We believe that a considerable portion of the value of the Company resides in our intellectual property, the combined expertise of our teams, our inventions and our ability to apply rapidly changing technology to new and innovative solutions for our customers.
We protect our intellectual property through a combination of patent protection, copyright, trademarks, trade secrets, licenses, non-disclosure agreements and contractual provisions. We enter into a non-disclosure and confidentiality agreement with each of our employees, consultants and third parties that have access to our proprietary technology. Under assignment of inventions agreements, all of our employees and consultants assign to Sierra Wireless all intellectual property rights in the inventions created during such person’s employment or contract with Sierra Wireless.
We currently hold 183 United States patents and 175 international patents. Additional patent applications are pending. We also access the intellectual property of third parties by entering into commercial licenses and cross-licenses when appropriate.
Governmental Regulation
Our products are subject to certain mandatory regulatory approvals in the United States, Canada, the European Union (“EU”) and other regions in which we operate. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission regulates many aspects of communications devices, including radiation of electromagnetic energy, biological safety and rules for devices to be connected to the telephone network. In Canada, similar regulations are administered by the Ministry of Industry, through Industry Canada. EU directives provide the comparable regulatory guidance in Europe.
Wireless modems must be approved under these regulations by the relevant government authority prior to these products being offered for sale. We have obtained all necessary Federal Communications Commission, Industry Canada, EU and other required regulatory approvals for the products we currently sell.
Foreign Operations
We operate foreign research and development facilities in Issy-les-Moulineaux and Toulouse, France; Carlsbad, California, and Atlanta, Georgia, United States; Hong Kong SAR and Shenzhen, China.
Our major foreign sales, marketing and support functions are in Issy-les-Moulineaux and Toulouse, France, Carlsbad, California and Atlanta, Georgia, United States; and in Hong Kong SAR, China.
We use a number of large global EMS providers with factories located in China, Brazil, and Vietnam to manufacture our products and provide integral supply chain services. We also use additional partners to support regional manufacturing requirements and select products including more complex, lower volume devices.
Additional Information Concerning Our Business
From time to time, some of our products may be subject to importation tariffs in the United States and other markets around the world.

Our operations do not have a significant impact on the environment. We have not made, and are not required to make, any significant capital expenditures to comply with environmental regulations nor will our competitive position be affected by environmental protection requirements. Working with the contract manufacturers who build our products and relevant component suppliers, we ensure that our products that are sold in the EU comply with the EU directives that restrict the use of certain hazardous substances in electronic equipment sold in the EU after July 1, 2006.

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In 2017 we published our first annual Corporate Social Responsibility progress report and presented the sustainability principles which we are committed to and which we are integrating into our business. In the report we acknowledged our responsibility to work towards a better, more sustainable future from the manufacturing floor to the boardroom and demonstrated the ways in which we are honoring our commitment to integrate environmental sustainability and positive social impacts throughout our business. We are committed to working with vendors, partners and our team members to bring prominence to social responsibility in the IoT industry. We will continue to more formally develop our goals as part of our recognition that our commitment to improving our corporate responsibility and refining our sustainability approach are essential components of our long-term growth.
Our Conflict Minerals policy sets out our commitment to source materials and components from environmentally and socially responsible suppliers. In general, it is our policy that we do not knowingly purchase materials, components or supplies which contain conflict minerals that originate in the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries that have not been certified as conflict free by an independent third party. We expect our suppliers to adhere to the same standard and to have in place programs and processes to ensure conflict free supply chains. We request confirmation annually from our suppliers regarding the conflict free status of the products that they provide to Sierra Wireless. We report the results of this process as part of the annual requirements the SEC has developed in response to Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act.
RISK FACTORS
Our business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties and past performance is no guarantee of future performance. These risks and uncertainties are described in our MD&A for the year ended December 31, 2018, which can be found on our website at www.sierrawireless.com or at www.sedar.com, and filed as Exhibit 1.3 to our Annual Report on Form 40-F.
DIVIDENDS
Since incorporation, we have not paid any dividends on our Common Shares. Our current intention is to reinvest earnings to finance the growth of our business. We do not anticipate that we will pay any dividends on our Common Shares in the immediate or foreseeable future.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE
Our authorized capital consists of an unlimited number of Common Shares, of which, at March 6, 2019, 36,145,063 were issued and outstanding, and an unlimited number of Preference Shares, issuable in series, of which none were issued and outstanding. Our board of directors is authorized to determine the designation, rights and restrictions to be attached to the Preference Shares upon issuance.
Holders of Common Shares are entitled to receive notice of any meeting of shareholders and to attend and vote at those meetings, except those meetings at which only the holders of shares of another class or of a particular series are entitled to vote. Each Common Share entitles its holder to one vote. Subject to the rights of the holders of Preference Shares, the holders of Common Shares are entitled to receive on a proportionate basis such dividends as our board of directors may declare out of funds legally available. In the event of the dissolution, liquidation, winding up or other distribution of our assets, the holders of the Common Shares are entitled to receive on a proportionate basis all of our assets remaining after payment of all of our liabilities, subject to the rights of holders of Preference Shares.
Normal Course Issuer Bid
On August 1, 2018, we received approval from the TSX of our Notice of Intention to make a new Normal Course Issuer Bid ("NCIB"). Pursuant to the NCIB, we may purchase for cancellation up to 3,580,668 of our common shares, or approximately 9.9% of common shares outstanding as of the date of the announcement (representing 10% of the public float). The NCIB commenced on August 8, 2018 and will terminate on the earlier of: i) August 7,

19



2019; (ii) the date we complete our purchases pursuant to the notice of intention filed with the TSX; or (iii) the date of notice by us of termination of the NCIB.
In 2018, we repurchased and canceled 161,500 common shares at an average price of $19.32 per share. The excess purchase price over and above the average carrying value in the amount of $1,187 was charged to retained earnings.
Credit Facilities
On July 31, 2018, we entered into a new committed $30 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Facility") with the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce as sole lender and as Administrative Agent. The new Revolving Facility replaced the Company’s previous $10 million uncommitted revolving credit facility. The Revolving Facility is secured by a pledge against substantially all of our assets and includes an accordion feature, which permits the Company to increase the aggregate revolving loan commitments thereunder on an uncommitted basis subject to certain conditions. The Revolving Facility matures on July 31, 2021 and will be used for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, capital expenditures, working capital requirements and/or certain acquisitions permitted under the Revolving Facility. As at December 31, 2018, there were no borrowings under the Revolving Facility.
During the second quarter of 2018, we reduced our revolving standby letter of credit facility with Toronto Dominion Bank from $10 million to $1.5 million in connection with the Revolving Facility. The credit facility is used for the issuance of letters of credit and guarantees and is guaranteed by Export Development Canada. As of December 31, 2018, there were two letters of credit issued against the revolving standby letter of credit facility for a total value of $0.1 million.
MARKET FOR SECURITIES
Our Common Shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) and trade under the symbol “SW”, and on Nasdaq under the symbol “SWIR”.
Trading Price and Volume
Set out below are the price ranges and volume of the Common Shares of Sierra Wireless, Inc. that traded on the TSX for the year ended December 31, 2018.
2018
Low (Cdn$)

High (Cdn$)

Total Monthly Volume

 
 
 
 
January
23.45

27.32

2,243,700

February
19.06

24.41

4,697,200

March
19.97

22.81

3,330,300

April
20.63

22.81

2,043,200

May
20.90

23.88

2,091,100

June
20.81

21.82

1,841,200

July
20.44

22.59

1,675,000

August
20.35

26.12

2,400,900

September
23.85

29.38

2,600,900

October
22.58

26.17

2,052,500

November
20.59

26.04

1,698,300

December
17.61

21.89

1,807,500



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Set out below are the price ranges and volume of the Common Shares of Sierra Wireless, Inc. that traded on Nasdaq for the year ended December 31, 2018.
2018
Low (US$)

High (US$)

Total Monthly Volume

 
 
 
 
January
19.05

21.85

6,244,500

February
15.10

19.85

9,872,000

March
15.50

17.75

6,620,800

April
16.10

17.75

4,810,700

May
16.15

18.50

6,184,600

June
15.75

16.75

5,569,700

July
15.60

17.10

3,641,700

August
15.60

20.02

7,599,500

September
18.05

22.58

6,484,900

October
17.08

20.40

5,274,400

November
15.54

19.81

6,696,400

December
12.67

16.56

6,316,700



DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The tables set forth below list the directors and executive officers of the Company as at March 6, 2019, indicating their name, municipalities of residence, their respective positions and offices held with the Company, the length of service and their principal occupations within the five preceding years.
Each director is elected at our annual meeting of shareholders to serve until the next annual meeting or until a successor is elected or appointed, unless such director resigns or is removed earlier. To the knowledge of Sierra Wireless, the directors and executive officers as a group, beneficially own, directly or indirectly, or exercise control or direction over, 326,951 Common Shares (not including Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options or undistributed restricted stock units), representing as of March 6, 2019 approximately 0.9% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares.

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Directors
Name, Position and Residence
Principal Occupation or Employment in the Preceding Five Years (1)
 
Director Since
 
 
 
 
Gregory D. Aasen (3)
Independent Outside Director
 
December 1997
Director
 
 
 
British Columbia, Canada
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Robin A. Abrams (2)(4)
Independent Outside Director
 
March 2010
Chair and Director
 
 
 
California, U.S.A.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Paul G. Cataford (2)(3)
Independent Outside Director; President and Chief Executive Officer of Zephyr Sleep Technologies, a Canadian designer, developer and manufacturer of medical devices for the diagnosis and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing, from April 2010 to present
 
July 1998
Director
 
 
Alberta, Canada
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Joy Chik (3)
Independent Outside Director; Corporate Vice President, Identity Division, Microsoft Corporation from October 2016 to present; Corporate Vice President and other senior Engineering roles, Microsoft Corporation from 2014 to 2016
 
October 2018
Director
 
 
Washington, U.S.A
 
 
 
 
 
 
Russell N. Jones (2)(4)
Independent Outside Director; CFO, Shopify Inc. from 2011 to 2018.
 
September 2018
Director
 
 
Ontario, Canada
 
 
 
 
 
 
Thomas Sieber (2)(4)
Independent Outside Director; Chairman of Axpo Holding AG, a Swiss energy utility, from March 2016 to present; and Chairman of Salt Mobile SA (formerly Orange Switzerland), a Swiss telecommunications carrier, 2012 to 2015
 
January 2014
Director
 
 
Zurich, Switzerland
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kent P. Thexton
President and Chief Executive Officer; General Partner of ScaleUP Ventures Inc. from April 2016 to October 2018; and Managing Director of OMERS Ventures from January 2014 to 2016
 
March 2005
Director
 
 
Ontario, Canada
 
 
Notes:
(1) The information as to "principal occupation" has been furnished by the respective directors
(2) Member of the Audit Committee
(3) Member of the Human Resources Committee
(4) Member of the Governance and Nominating Committee


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Executive Officers
Name, Position and Province or State and Country of Residence
Principal Occupation in the Preceding Five Years
 
Length of Service
 
 
 
 
Kent P. Thexton
President and Chief Executive Officer from October 2018 to present; General Partner of ScaleUP Ventures Inc. from April 2016 to October 2018; and Managing Director of OMERS Ventures from January 2014 to 2016
 
1 year
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
Ontario, Canada
 
 
 
 
 
 
Jason L. Krause
Chief Operating Officer from November 2018 to present; Senior Vice President and General Manager, Enterprise Solutions from 2015 to October 2018; Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and Marketing from 2011 to 2015
 
11 years
Chief Operating Officer
 
 
British Columbia, Canada
 
 
 
 
 
 
David G. McLennan
Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary; Chief Transformation Officer from November 2018 to present
 
15 years
Chief Financial Officer , Chief Transformation Officer, and Corporate Secretary
 
 
British Columbia, Canada
 
 
 
 
 
 
Philippe Guillemette
Chief Technology Officer
 
10 years
Chief Technology Officer
 
 
British Columbia, Canada
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rene Link
Chief Marketing Officer & Senior Vice President Strategy from 2016 to present; and from 2013 to 2016, Strategic Advisor and Chief Marketing and Demand Officer at Aricent Inc., a global design and engineering company innovating for customers in the digital era
 
3 years
Chief Marketing Officer & Senior Vice President Strategy
 
 
California, U.S.A.
 
 
 
 
 
 
A. Daniel Schieler
Senior Vice President and General Manager, Automotive from November 2018 to present, Senior Vice President and General Manager, OEM Solutions from 2015 to November 2018
 
15 years
Senior Vice President and General Manager, Automotive
 
 
 
 
California, U.S.A.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mark Overton
Chief Solutions Officer from November 2018 to present, Senior Vice President and General Manager, IoT Services from 2017 to October 2018; from 2015 to 2017, Managing Director, Global Innovation at Cisco Jasper, a global IoT platform leader; and from 2013 to 2015, SVP and Co-GM, EMEA at First Data, a global leader in commerce-enabling technology
 
2 years
Chief Solutions Officer
 
 
United Kingdom
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marc Osgoodby
Vice President, Global Sales from January 2019 to present; Vice President, Sales, Enterprise Solutions, December 2015 to January 2019
 
4 years
Vice President, Global Sales
 
 
New Jersey, U.S.A
 
 
 
 
 
 

23



None of the directors or executive officers of the Corporation is, as at the date of this AIF, or was within 10 years before the date of this AIF, a director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer of any company (including the Corporation) that:
a)
was subject to a cease trade order, an order similar to a cease trade order or an order that denied the relevant company access to any exemption under securities legislation which, in each case, was in effect for a period of more than 30 consecutive days (each, an “order”) that was issued while the director or executive officer was acting in the capacity as director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer, or
b)
was subject to an order that was issued after the director or executive officer ceased to be a director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer and which resulted from an event that occurred while that person was acting in the capacity as director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer.
No director or executive officer of Sierra Wireless or a shareholder holding a sufficient number of securities of Sierra Wireless to affect materially its control:
a)
is, as at the date of this AIF, or has been within the 10 years before the date of the AIF, a director or executive officer of any company (including Sierra Wireless) that, while that person was acting in that capacity, or within a year of that person ceasing to act in that capacity, became bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency or was subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold its assets;

b)
has, within the 10 years before the date of this AIF, become bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, or become subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors, or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold the assets of the director, executive officer or shareholder;

c)
has been subject to:
(i)
any penalties or sanctions imposed by a court relating to securities legislation or by a securities regulatory authority or has entered into a settlement agreement with a securities regulatory authority; or

(ii)
any other penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body that would likely be considered important to a reasonable investor in making an investment decision.


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CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT
In 2003, the Board of Directors adopted a Code of Business Conduct applying to all directors, officers, employees and contractors of the Company and each affiliate and subsidiary of the Company, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other senior officers, to ensure that we conduct our business in accordance with the highest standards of business conduct. The Board of Directors approved updated versions of the Code of Business Conduct in December 2005, October 2008, March 2011, February 2014, April 2016 and May 2017. There have been no waivers granted from the Code of Business Conduct since its adoption. The Code of Business Conduct is available on the Company’s website at www.sierrawireless.com or on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.
AUDIT COMMITTEE     
Mandate of the Audit Committee
The full text of the Mandate of the Audit Committee is set out below.
1.
Purpose and Scope

The audit committee (“Committee””) was established by the Board of Directors (“Board”) of Sierra Wireless Inc. (“Company”) to assist the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities for oversight of the following:
the Company's systems of internal and disclosure controls;
the Company's financial reporting process including the Company’s financial statements and other financial information provided by the company to its shareholders, the public and others in accordance with applicable securities and corporate legislation and the Company’s Disclosure Policy;
the Company's compliance with financial, accounting, legal and regulatory requirements including the Company’s Code of Business Conduct;
the appointment, compensation, independence, oversight, communication with, performance and change of the Company’s external and independent auditors (the “Auditors”);
the Company’s process for identification of the principal risks of the Company’s business and ensuring that an appropriate process is in place to manage risks across the enterprise; and
the fulfillment of the other responsibilities set forth in this Mandate.

2.
Organization, Membership and Meetings

Committee members shall meet the requirements of the Toronto Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the securities commissions of each of the Provinces of Canada in which the Company is a reporting issuer and any other regulatory agency that may have jurisdiction over the operations of the Company from time to time.
The Committee shall consist of three or more directors who are “independent” as defined by applicable law, regulations, guidelines and policies, and as determined by the Governance and Nominating Committee (“GNC”) of the Board.
All members of the Committee shall be “financially literate”, and at least one member of the Committee shall be a “financial expert”. “Financially literate” and “financial expert” will have the respective meanings set out in applicable law, regulations, guidelines and policies.
Members of the Committee shall be appointed annually by the Board on the recommendation of the GNC. Members may be replaced by the Board at any time, but shall otherwise serve until a successor has been named.
No committee member may serve on the compensation committee of another company if any director of the Company is, or has been in the past three years, an employee of that other company.
No member shall be affiliated with the Company or any subsidiary.
The Committee shall meet from time to time, as it deems necessary, but at least four times per year.
The presence in person or by telephone of a majority of Committee members shall constitute a quorum for any meeting of the Committee.

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The Committee may include management at its meetings, but shall also hold an executive session at each meeting at which only independent directors are present.
The Committee shall maintain written minutes of its meetings, which minutes will be filed in the corporate minute book.

3.
Authority and Responsibilities

3.1 External Audit:

Recommend to the Board the appointment and compensation of the Auditors. Oversee the work of the Auditors (including resolution of disagreements between Management and the Auditors regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services for the Company.
Review in advance and pre-approve all non-audit services to be provided to the Company or its subsidiaries by the Auditors, as permitted by applicable governance rules and in particular Section 10A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and, in connection therewith, to approve all fees and other terms of engagement. The Committee shall also review and pre-approve all disclosures required to be included in any public filings with respect to non-audit services. The Committee may delegate to one or more members the authority to pre-approve non-audit services, provided a report is made to the Committee at its next scheduled meeting. The Committee may consult with Management but shall not delegate these responsibilities to Management.
Communicate directly with the Auditors.
Review the performance of the Auditors on at least an annual basis.
On an annual basis, review and discuss with the Auditors all relationships the Auditors have with the Company in order to evaluate the Auditors’ continued independence. The Committee: (i) shall ensure that the Auditors submit to the Committee on an annual basis a written statement delineating all relationships and services that may impact the objectivity and independence of the Auditors; (ii) shall discuss with the Auditors any disclosed relationship or services that may impact the objectivity and independence of the Auditors; and (iii) shall satisfy itself as to the Auditors' independence.
At least annually, obtain and review an annual report from the Auditors describing (i) the Auditors' internal quality control procedures and (ii) any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality control review, or peer review, of the Auditors, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities, within the preceding five years, respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the Auditors, and any steps taken to deal with any such issues.
Confirm that the rotation of the lead audit partner or the audit partner responsible for reviewing the audit (the concurring partner), for the Company’s Auditors complies with the requirements of the Canadian and US regulatory authorities.
Review, based upon the recommendation of the Auditors and Management, the scope and plan of the work to be done by the Auditors for each fiscal year.

3.2 Financial statements:

Review and discuss with Management and the Auditors the Company's quarterly financial statements (including disclosures made in Management's Discussion and Analysis, as defined in Multilateral Instrument 51-102, and interim earnings press releases) prior to submission to shareholders, any governmental body, any stock exchange or disclosure to the public. Approve the interim financial statements and footnotes, MD&A and interim earnings press release.
Review and discuss with Management and the Auditors the Company's annual audited financial statements (including disclosures made in Management’s Discussion and Analysis and annual earnings press releases) prior to submission to shareholders, any governmental body, any stock exchange or disclosure to the public. Recommend to the Board approval of the annual audited financial statements and footnotes, MD&A and annual earnings press release.
Recommend to the Board, if appropriate, that the Company's annual audited financial statements be included in the Company's annual report for filing with appropriate securities regulatory agencies.

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Review and approve any reports required to be included in the Company's annual meeting materials and any other Committee reports required by applicable securities laws or stock exchange listing requirements or rules.

3.3 Periodic and annual reviews:

Periodically review with each of Management and the Auditors (i) any significant disagreement between Management and the Auditors in connection with the preparation of the financial statements, (ii) any difficulties encountered during the course of the audit or review (including any restrictions on the scope of work or access to required information), and (iii) Management's response to each.
Periodically discuss with the Auditors, without Management being present (i) their judgments about the quality, appropriateness, and acceptability of the Company's accounting principles and financial disclosure practices, as applied in its financial reporting, and (ii) the completeness and accuracy of the Company's financial statements.
Consider and approve, if appropriate, significant changes to the Company's accounting principles and financial disclosure practices as suggested by the Auditors or Management. Review with the Auditors and Management, at appropriate intervals, the extent to which any changes or improvements in accounting or financial practices, as approved by the Committee, have been implemented.
Review with Management, the Auditors and the Company's counsel, as appropriate, any legal, regulatory or compliance matters that could have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements, including significant changes in accounting standards or rules as promulgated by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, the securities regulators having jurisdiction over the Company or other regulatory authorities with relevant jurisdiction.
Obtain and review an annual report from Management relating to the accounting principles used in preparation of the Company's financial statements (including those policies for which Management is required to exercise discretion or judgments regarding the implementation thereof).
At least annually, obtain and review a report from Management summarizing the Company’s investments in cash or cash equivalents and marketable securities.
On an annual basis, review the Company’s Treasury Investment Policy.

3.4 Discussions with Management:

Review and discuss with Management the Company's annual and interim earnings press releases (including the use of “pro forma” or “adjusted” non-GAAP information), financial information and earnings guidance provided to analysts and rating agencies as well as all other material public disclosure documents such as the Company’s AIF, management information circular and any prospectuses.
Review and discuss with Management all material off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations) and other relationships of the Company with unconsolidated entities or other persons, that may have a material current or future effect on financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital resources, capital reserves or significant components of revenues or expenses.
Inquire about the application of the Company's accounting policies and their consistency from period to period, and the compatibility of these accounting policies with generally accepted accounting principles, and (where appropriate) the Company's provisions for liabilities that may have a material impact on the financial statements of the Company.
Review and discuss with Management the Company's major financial risk exposures and the steps Management has taken to monitor and control such exposures (including Management's risk assessment and risk management policies).
Review and discuss with Management all disclosures made by the Company concerning any material changes in the financial condition or operations of the Company.
The Committee will meet periodically and separately with the Company’s counsel to review material legal affairs of the Company and the Company’s compliance with applicable law and listing standards.

27



Review annually the Auditors’ letter of the recommendations with respect to internal controls over financial reporting to Management and Management's response to such letter.
Periodically review the Company’s administration of equity awards under the Company’s long-term incentive plans (stock option plan and restricted share unit plans) including without limitation: (i) the practices and procedures adhered to; and (ii) the accounting treatment of equity awards. In doing so, the Audit Committee shall: (i) have special regard to grants of equity awards to insiders of the Company; (ii) review individual equity awards on a “sample” basis; and (iii) assess the records retention relating to equity awards on a sample basis.

3.5 Internal controls and disclosure:

In consultation with the Auditors and Management: (a) review the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control structure and system including information technology security and control, and the procedures designed to ensure compliance with laws and regulations, and (b) discuss the responsibilities, budget and staffing needs of the Company’s internal accounting department.
Establish and review procedures for (i) the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, and (ii) the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of the Company of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters.
Be satisfied that adequate procedures are in place for the review of the Company’s public disclosure of financial information extracted or derived from the Company’s financial statements and periodically assess the adequacy of those procedures.
Be satisfied that record retention services provided by third parties are effective. (For example, that equity grants are appropriately recorded and that all information necessary for compliance with all relevant laws, regulations and Company policies is available for review when required).

3.6 Risk Management and Compliance:

Ensure that in addition to the Committee’s oversight of management’s process to identify and manage key financial risks, the Company has in place a process for enterprise risk management whereby the Committee reviews the enterprise’s most critical risks and tracks management’s actions to manage such risks.
Review with management and the senior risk management executive the charter, activities, staffing and organizational structure of the risk management function.
On a periodic basis, but not less than once per year, report to the Board on the process for enterprise risk management, the company’s most critical risks and management’s actions to address such risks.
Discuss with the senior risk management executive any issues that may have been brought forward concerning compliance with the Company’s Code of Business Conduct.
Ensure that there are no unjustified restrictions or limitations on the activities of the risk management function and review and concur in the appointment, replacement or dismissal of the senior risk management executive.
On an annual basis, review the effectiveness of the risk management function
On a regular basis, meet separately with the senior risk management executive to discuss any matters that the Committee or the senior risk management executive believes should be discussed.

3.7 Reporting obligations:

Ensure that all reporting obligations related to the AIF (Form 40-F for US purposes) and management information circular under Part 5 of Multilateral Instrument 52-110 are fully complied with.

3.8 Other:

Review and approve all related-party transactions.

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Review and approve the Company’s hiring policies regarding partners, employees, and former partners and employees of the present and former external auditor of the Company.
Review any Management decision to seek a second opinion from Auditors other than the Company’s regular Auditors with respect to any significant accounting issue.
Review with Management and the Auditors the sufficiency and quality of the financial and accounting personnel of the Company.
Review and reassess the adequacy of this Mandate annually and recommend to the Board any changes the Committee deems appropriate.
Conduct an annual performance evaluation of Committee operations.
As necessary to carry out its duties, engage independent legal, accounting or other advisors to advise the Committee and set and pay the compensation for any such legal, accounting or other advisors employed by the Committee.
Perform any other activities consistent with this Mandate, the Company's By-laws and governing law as the Committee or the Board deems necessary or appropriate.
The Committee will have full access to all books, records, facilities and personnel of the Company.

4.
External and Internal Linkages

The Board
The CEO and Senior Management
The senior Risk Management executive
The Company’s External Auditors
Outside Consultants and Advisors
The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee

Composition of the Audit Committee
We have a separately designated standing audit committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Paul G. Cataford (Chair), Robin A. Abrams , Russell N. Jones and Thomas Sieber are the current members of the Audit Committee. Each of them is an independent director and is financially literate as such terms are defined by applicable Canadian and U.S. securities laws.

Relevant Education and Experience
Robin A. Abrams is an independent director.  Ms. Abrams has extensive experience in governance and oversight over the financial matters of large, publicly traded entities including as the CEO of Zilog, Palm Computing, Inc. and VeriFone. Ms. Abrams has held internationally focused executive positions at Apple and Unisys.  In addition, she has held CEO positions at start-up companies: Firefly Mobile, a mobile products company for the youth market and BlueKite, a leading provider of bandwidth optimization software for wireless operators. Ms. Abrams earned her B.A. and J.D. degrees from the University of Nebraska, and she serves on the board of directors of HCL Technologies, Lattice Semiconductor Corporation, Zephyr Sleep Technologies Inc., and FactSet Research Systems Inc. Previously, Ms. Abrams served on the board of trustees for the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology.

Paul G. Cataford is an independent director and has served on public and private boards for over 20 years.  In addition to his board activities, Mr. Cataford is currently the Chief Executive Officer of Zephyr Sleep Technologies Inc., a private company in the medical device industry.  Previously, he was the President and Chief Executive Officer of University Technologies Inc. (2004 to 2009) and prior to that: Executive Managing Director of BMO Nesbitt Burns Equity Partners Inc. (Private Equity); and Managing Director and President of BCE Capital Inc. (Venture Capital).  Previously, Mr. Cataford served on the board of Defence Construction Canada (a Crown Corporation). Mr. Cataford has extensive knowledge and experience in: technology investing; building and scaling technology companies; corporate governance; public/private finance; and financial reporting. Mr. Cataford

29



completed a Mechanical Engineering Degree at Queen's University (1987) and a Masters of Business Administration specializing in finance and international business, at the Schulich School of Business (York University - 1991).  Mr. Cataford has received the Institute of Corporate Directors certified designation (ICD.D) after attending the ICD-Rotman Directors Education Program (University of Toronto - 2002).

Russell N. Jones is an independent director. Mr. Jones has extensive experience as a technology industry executive with demonstrated experience in financial oversight and reporting. Prior to his retirement in 2018, Mr. Jones was CFO of Shopify Inc. He joined Shopify in early 2011 and took the company public in May 2015. Mr. Jones has also held senior executive roles at a number of companies including Mitel Corporation, Newbridge Networks, Watchfire and Quake Technologies. He also co-founded a CFO advisory firm focused on earlier stage technology companies. Mr. Jones is a director of CPA Ontario and sits on both its Human Resources and Finance and Audit Committees. He is a CPA, CA and holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Honours) from Carleton University and an ICD.D certification from the Institute of Corporate Directors.

Thomas Sieber is an independent director.  Mr. Sieber has extensive experience as a technology industry executive with demonstrated expertise in building pan-European enterprise sales channels.  Mr. Sieber was the CEO of Salt Mobile SA (formerly Orange Switzerland) from 2009 to 2012, where he led a successful turnaround of the business and drove the sales process of the company to a new owner.  He then served as Chairman until the end of 2015. Before joining Orange, Mr. Sieber was Executive Vice President of Sales for Fujitsu Siemens Computers. Mr. Sieber started his career at Hewlett-Packard, advancing to General Manager for Small and Medium Enterprise, EMEA, by the time he left the company in 2001. He studied Business Administration at the University of St.Gallen (HSG) in Switzerland, graduating in 1987.  In March 2016, he was appointed as Chairman of the largest Swiss utility company, Axpo Holding AG. Mr. Sieber also currently serves on the board of directors of the Swiss software company Garaio AG and the Indian IT services company, HCL Technologies.

The Board of Directors has determined that Ms. Abrams, Mr. Cataford, Mr. Jones and Mr. Sieber are all Audit Committee financial experts within the meaning of General Instruction B(8)(b) of Form 40-F. Each member of the Audit Committee has extensive experience with oversight of the financial reporting of publicly traded companies including: (i) an understanding of generally accepted accounting principles and financial statements; (ii) the ability to assess the general application of such principles in connection with the accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves; (iii) experience actively supervising one or more persons engaged in such activities; (iv) an understanding of internal controls and procedures for financial reporting; and (v) an understanding of audit committee functions.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has indicated that the designation or identification of a person as an audit committee financial expert does not make such person an “expert” for any purpose, impose any duties, obligations or liability on such person that are greater than those imposed on members of the audit committee or board of directors who do not carry this designation or identification, or affect the duties, obligations or liabilities of any other member of the audit committee or board of directors.

Reliance on Certain Exemptions
At no time since the commencement of the Company’s most recently completed financial year has the Company relied upon any exemption from NI 52-110 provided therein.
Audit Committee Oversight
At no time since the commencement of the Company’s most recently completed financial year was a recommendation of the Audit Committee to nominate or compensate an external auditor not adopted by the board of directors of the Company.



30



Pre-approval Policies and Procedures
The Audit Committee has the sole authority to review in advance and pre-approve all audit and non-audit services to be provided to the Company or its subsidiaries by the external auditor, as well as all fees and other terms of engagement. The Audit Committee may delegate to one or more members the authority to pre-approve non-audit services, provided a report is made to the Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, all of the audit and non-audit services below were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.
Auditor Independence
Sierra Wireless’s Audit Committee has concluded that Ernst & Young LLP, the Company’s independent registered chartered accountants (“Auditors”), is independent under applicable rules and guidelines and, in particular, that the Auditors are free from conflicts of interest that could impair their objectivity in conducting the audit of the Company’s financial statements. The Audit Committee is required to approve all audit and non-audit related services performed by our Auditors, and our Auditors are not permitted to perform services for us prohibited for an independent auditor under applicable Canadian and United States regulations, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Auditors’ Fees
 
2018

2017

Audit fees
$
1,014,300

$
1,052,600

Audit-related fees


Tax fees
6,000

6,200

All other fees


Total
$
1,020,300

$
1,058,800

Audit Fees
Audit fees for 2018 and 2017 include fees related to the audit of our year-end financial statements, the audit of our internal control over financial reporting, review of our interim financial statements, statutory audits, consents and services that are normally provided by our Auditors in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for such year.
Audit-Related Fees
Audit-related fees for 2018 and 2017 was $nil.
Tax Fees
Tax fees for 2018 and 2017 were for tax compliance matters.
All Other Fees
No other fees were billed by our Auditors in 2018 or 2017 for services other than those reported in the preceding paragraphs.


31



LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are engaged in certain claims, legal actions and arbitration matters, all in the ordinary course of business, that
are described in our Management Discussion and Analysis for the year ended December 31, 2018, which can be found on our website at www.sierrawireless.com or at www.sedar.com, and filed as Exhibit 1.3 to our Annual Report on Form 40-F.
    
We are not aware at this time of any legal proceedings that are contemplated.

During the financial year ended December 31, 2018:
a)
no penalties or sanctions were imposed against Sierra Wireless by a court relating to securities legislation or by a securities regulatory authority;
b)
no penalties or sanctions were imposed by a court or regulatory body against Sierra Wireless that would likely be considered important to a reasonable investor in making an investment decision; and
c)
no settlement agreements were entered into before a court relating to securities legislation or with a securities regulatory authority.
QUORUM EXEMPTION    
The rules and regulations of the NASDAQ require each listed issuer to provide that a quorum for its shareholders’ meetings be at least 33 1/3 percent of the issuer’s outstanding shares. The Company has been granted an exemption from this requirement because it is contrary to generally accepted business practices in Canada, the Company’s country of domicile. The Company has had the benefit of this exemption in the current year and prior years.
In determining whether a requirement is contrary to generally accepted business practices, the NASDAQ rules generally look to the requirements of the primary market in the issuer’s country of domicile. The rules and policies of the TSX, the primary market in Canada, do not contain quorum requirements, and the Canada Business Corporations Act, the Corporation’s governing statute, defers to the quorum requirements contained in an issuer’s By-laws. Under the Company’s By-laws, a quorum for a meeting of the Company’s shareholders is two persons present in person, each being a shareholder entitled to vote thereat or a duly appointed proxyholder or representative for a shareholder so entitled.

REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT    
The Registrar and Transfer Agent for the Common Shares in Canada is Computershare Investor Services Inc., 3rd Floor, 510 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 3B9 and in the United States is Computershare Trust Company, N.A., 462 South 4th Street, Louisville, Kentucky. These offices and the principal offices of Computershare Investor Services Inc. in the City of Toronto maintain the register of Common Shares and can effect transfers and make deliveries of certificates for Common Shares.

MATERIAL CONTRACTS
The Company is not party to any material contracts as defined in National Instrument 51-102 - Continuous Disclosure Obligations.

EXPERTS
Our consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered Chartered Professional Accountants, our external auditors. As set forth in their report,

32



Ernst & Young have confirmed with respect to the Company, that they are independent within the meaning of the relevant rules and related interpretations prescribed by the relevant professional bodies in Canada and any applicable legislation or regulations and also that they are independent accountants with respect to the Entity under all relevant U.S. professional and regulatory standards.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Additional information relating to the Company:
a.
may be found on the System for Electronic Analysis and Retrieval (“SEDAR”) at www.sedar.com and on the SEC’s Electronic Document and Gathering Retrieval System (“EDGAR”) at www.sec.gov;
b.
including directors’ and officers’ remuneration and indebtedness, principal holders of the Company’s securities and securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, is contained in the Company’s Information Circular for its most recent annual meeting of shareholders; and
c.
is provided in the Company’s audited financial statements and related management discussion and analysis for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.


33