2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include AllianceBernstein and its majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and balances among the consolidated entities have been eliminated.

Reclassifications

We reclassified prior period unit and option amortization expense relating to equity awards to members of the Board of Directors (“Board”) of the General Partner, from employee compensation and benefits expense in the consolidated statements of income to general and administrative expense to conform to the current year's presentation.

Variable Interest Entities

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2009-17, Consolidations (Topic 810) – Improvements to Financial Reporting by Enterprises Involved with Variable Interest Entities, the determination of whether a company is required to consolidate an entity is based on, among other things, an entity's purpose and design, a company's ability to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance, and whether a company is obligated to absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the entity. The standard also requires ongoing assessments of whether a company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The provisions of this standard became effective January 1, 2010. In January 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) deferred portions of ASU 2009-17 that relate to asset managers. We determined that all entities for which we are a sponsor and/or investment manager, other than collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations (collectively “CDOs”), qualify for the scope deferral and will continue to be assessed for consolidation under prior accounting guidance for consolidation of variable interest entities.

As of December 31, 2011, we are the investment manager for five CDOs that meet the definition of a VIE due primarily to the lack of unilateral decision-making authority of the equity holders. The CDOs are alternative investment vehicles created for the sole purpose of issuing collateralized debt instruments that offer investors the opportunity for returns that vary with the risk level of their investment. Our management fee structure for these CDOs will typically include a senior management fee, and may also include subordinated and incentive management fees. We hold no equity interest in any of these CDOs. For each of the CDOs, we evaluated the management fee structure, the current and expected economic performance of the entities and other provisions included in the governing documents of the CDOs that might restrict or guarantee an expected loss or residual return. In accordance with ASC 810, we concluded that our investment management contract does not represent a variable interest in four of the five CDOs. As such, we are not required to consolidate these entities.

For the remaining CDO, we concluded our collateral management agreement represented a variable interest primarily due to the level of subordinated fees. We evaluated whether we possessed both of the following characteristics of a controlling financial interest: (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impacts the entity's economic performance, and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We determined that we possessed the decision-making power noted in criteria (1) above.

In evaluating criteria (2) above, we considered all facts regarding the design, terms and characteristics of the CDO and concluded that we do not meet the criteria. Our conclusion was based on the following quantitative and qualitative factors: (a) we have no involvement with the CDO beyond providing investment management services, (b) we hold no equity or debt interests in the CDO, (c) we are not a transferor of any of the assets of the CDO, (d) our expected aggregate fees in future periods are insignificant relative to the expected cash flows of the CDO, (e) the variability of our expected fees in relation to the expected cash flows of the CDO is insignificant, (f) our maximum exposure to loss for the CDO is our investment management fee, which is based upon the fair value of the CDO's assets, (g) the CDO has no recourse against us for any losses sustained in the CDO structure, (h) we have not provided, nor expect to provide, any financial or other support to the CDO, and (i) there are no liquidity arrangements, guarantees and/or other commitments by third parties that would impact our variable interest in the CDO. As such, we do not have a controlling financial interest in the CDO and we should not consolidate the CDO into our consolidated financial statements. The cash, collateral investments (at fair value) and notes payable (at amortized cost) as of December 31, 2011 of this CDO is $7.6 million, $305.4 million and $317.1 million, respectively.

For the entities that meet the scope deferral, management reviews its agreements quarterly and its investments in, and other financial arrangements with, certain entities that hold client assets under management (“AUM”) to determine the variable interest entities that the company is required to consolidate. These entities include certain mutual fund products, hedge funds, structured products, group trusts, collective investment trusts and limited partnerships. We earn investment management fees on client assets under management of these entities, but we derive no other benefit from these assets and cannot use them in our operations.

As of December 31, 2011, we have significant variable interests in certain structured products and hedge funds with approximately $22.5 million in AUM. However, these variable interest entities do not require consolidation because management has determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of the expected losses or expected residual returns of these entities. Our maximum exposure to loss is limited to our investment of $0.1 million in these entities.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits, money market accounts, overnight commercial paper and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, the recorded value has been determined to approximate fair value.

Fees Receivable, Net

Fees receivable are shown net of allowances. An allowance for doubtful accounts related to investment advisory and services fees is determined through an analysis of the aging of receivables, assessments of collectibility based on historical trends and other qualitative and quantitative factors, including the following: our relationship with the client, the financial health (or ability to pay) of the client, current economic conditions and whether the account is closed or active. The allowance for doubtful accounts is not material to fees receivable.

Collateralized Securities Transactions

Customers' securities transactions are recorded on a settlement date basis, with related commission income and expenses reported on a trade date basis. Receivables from and payables to clients include amounts due on cash and margin transactions. Securities owned by customers are held as collateral for receivables; such collateral is not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Principal securities transactions and related expenses are recorded on a trade date basis.

Securities borrowed and securities loaned by Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC (“SCB LLC”) and Sanford C. Bernstein Limited (“SCBL”), both indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced or received in connection with the transaction and are included in receivables from and payables to brokers and dealers in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Securities borrowed transactions require SCB LLC and SCBL to deposit cash collateral with the lender. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, cash collateral on deposit with lenders was $34.9 million and $72.5 million, respectively. With respect to securities loaned, SCB LLC and SCBL receive cash collateral from the borrower. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, cash collateral received from borrowers was $151.6 million and $42.2 million, respectively. The initial collateral advanced or received approximates or is greater than the fair value of securities borrowed or loaned. SCB LLC and SCBL monitor the fair value of the securities borrowed and loaned on a daily basis and request additional collateral or return excess collateral, as appropriate. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, there is no allowance provision required for the collateral advanced. Income or expense is recognized over the life of the transactions.

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, we had $16.8 million and $16.5 million, respectively, of cash on deposit with clearing organizations for trade facilitation purposes. In addition, as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, SCB LLC held U.S. Treasury Bills with values totaling $38.0 million and $35.0 million, respectively, in its investment account which are pledged as collateral with clearing organizations.

Investments

Investments include United States Treasury Bills, unconsolidated mutual funds and limited partnership hedge funds we sponsor and manage, various separately-managed portfolios comprised of equity and fixed income securities, exchange-traded options and investments owned by a consolidated venture capital fund in which we own a controlling interest as the general partner and in which we hold a 10% limited partnership interest.

Investments in United States Treasury Bills, mutual funds, and equity and fixed income securities are classified as either trading or available-for-sale securities. Trading investments are stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income. Available-for-sale investments are stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in partners' capital. Realized gains and losses on the sale of investments are reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income. Average cost is used to determine realized gain or loss on investments sold.

We use the equity method of accounting for investments in limited partnership hedge funds. The equity in earnings of our limited partnership hedge fund investments is reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income.

The investments owned by our consolidated venture capital fund are generally illiquid and are initially valued at cost. These investments are adjusted to fair value to reflect the occurrence of “significant developments” (i.e., capital transactions or business, economic or market events). Adjustments to fair value are reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income. There are three private equity investments that we own directly outside of our consolidated venture capital fund. Two of the investments are accounted for using the cost method; the third is accounted for at fair value.

See Note 8 for a description of how we measure the fair value of our investments.

Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net

Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of eight years for furniture and three to six years for equipment and software. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the related leases.

Goodwill

In 2000, AllianceBernstein acquired the business and assets of SCB Inc., an investment research and management company formerly known as Sanford C. Bernstein Inc. (“Bernstein”), and assumed the liabilities of Bernstein (“Bernstein Transaction”). The purchase price consisted of a cash payment of approximately $1.5 billion and 40.8 million newly-issued AllianceBernstein Units. The Bernstein Transaction was accounted for under the purchase method and the cost of the acquisition was allocated on the basis of the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired, net of liabilities assumed, resulted in the recognition of goodwill of approximately $3.0 billion.

We have determined that AllianceBernstein has only one operating segment and reporting unit. As of December 31, 2011, goodwill of $3.0 billion on the consolidated statement of financial condition is composed of $2.8 billion as a result of the Bernstein Transaction and $154 million in regard to various smaller acquisitions.

We test goodwill annually, as of September 30, for impairment. As of September 30, 2011, the impairment test indicated that goodwill was not impaired. The carrying value of goodwill is also reviewed if facts and circumstances, such as significant declines in assets under management, revenues, earnings or our Holding Unit price, occur, suggesting possible impairment. During the fourth quarter of 2011, the Holding Unit price was below our December 31, 2011 book value per unit for most of the quarter. As such, we re-performed step one of the goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2011.

The impairment analysis is a two-step process. The first step of the goodwill impairment test is used to identify potential impairment by comparing the fair value of AllianceBernstein, the reporting unit, with its carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is considered not impaired and the second step of the impairment test is not performed. However, if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit to the aggregated fair values of its individual assets and liabilities to determine the amount of impairment, if any.

AllianceBernstein estimates its fair value under both the market approach and income approach. Under the market approach, the fair value of the reporting unit is based on its unadjusted market valuation (AllianceBernstein Units outstanding multiplied by the price of a Holding Unit) and adjusted market valuations assuming a control premium and earnings multiples. Per the AllianceBernstein Partnership Agreement, the price of a limited partnership interest is equal to the price of a Holding Unit. On an unadjusted basis, AllianceBernstein's fair value per unit as of December 31, 2011 was $13.08 (the price of a Holding Unit as of that date) as compared to its carrying value, or book value, of $14.33 per unit. Also under the market approach, we assumed a control premium for the reporting unit, which was determined based on an analysis of control premiums for relevant recent acquisitions, as well as applied comparable industry earnings multiples to our current earnings forecast. Under the income approach, the fair value of the reporting unit is based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Determining estimated fair value using a discounted cash flow valuation technique consists of applying business growth rate assumptions over the estimated life of the goodwill asset and then discounting the resulting expected cash flows using an estimated weighted average cost of capital of market participants to arrive at a present value amount that approximates fair value. In our tests, our discounted expected cash flow model uses management's current four-year business plan, which factors in current market conditions and all material events that have impacted, or that we believed at the time could potentially impact, future expected cash flows and a declining annual growth rate thereafter.

Management has considered the results of the market approach and income approach analysis performed along with a number of other factors (including current market conditions) and has determined that AllianceBernstein's fair value exceeded its carrying value as of December 31, 2011. As such, no goodwill impairment existed and the second step of the goodwill impairment test was not required.

As a result of increased economic uncertainty and current market dynamics, determining whether an impairment of the goodwill asset exists is increasingly difficult and requires management to exercise significant judgment. In addition, to the extent that securities valuations are depressed for prolonged periods of time and market conditions stagnate or worsen as a result of global debt fears and the threat of another financial crisis, or if we continue to experience significant net redemptions, our assets under management, revenues, profitability and unit price may continue to be adversely affected. Although the price of a Holding Unit is just one factor in the calculation of fair value, if current Holding Unit price levels continue or decline further, reaching the conclusion that fair value exceeds carrying value will, over time, become more difficult. As a result, subsequent impairment tests may be more frequent and be based upon more negative assumptions and future cash flow projections, which may result in an impairment of this asset. Any impairment could reduce materially the recorded amount of goodwill with a corresponding charge to our earnings.

Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets consist primarily of costs assigned to acquired investment management contracts of SCB Inc. based on their estimated fair value at the time of acquisition, less accumulated amortization. As of December 31, 2011, intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, of $189.7 million on the consolidated statement of financial condition composed of $187.2 million of definite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, of which $181.1 million relates to the Bernstein Transaction, and $2.5 million of indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization in regard to a smaller acquisition. Intangible assets are recognized at fair value and are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life of approximately 20 years. The gross carrying amount of intangible assets totaled $424.4 million as of December 31, 2011 and $419.2 million as of December 31, 2010, and accumulated amortization was $234.7 million as of December 31, 2011 and $213.3 million as of December 31, 2010, resulting in the net carrying amount of intangible assets subject to amortization of $189.7 million as of December 31, 2011 and $205.9 million as of December 31, 2010. Amortization expense was $21.4 million for 2011, $21.3 million for 2010 and $21.1 million for 2009. Estimated annual amortization expense for each of the next five years is approximately $22 million.

We periodically review intangible assets for impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, additional impairment tests are performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any.

Deferred Sales Commissions, Net

We pay commissions to financial intermediaries in connection with the sale of shares of open-end company-sponsored mutual funds sold without a front-end sales charge (“back-end load shares”). These commissions are capitalized as deferred sales commissions and amortized over periods not exceeding five and one-half years for U.S. fund shares and four years for non-U.S. fund shares, the periods of time during which deferred sales commissions are generally recovered. We recover these commissions from distribution services fees received from those funds and from contingent deferred sales commissions (“CDSC”) received from shareholders of those funds upon the redemption of their shares. CDSC cash recoveries are recorded as reductions of unamortized deferred sales commissions when received. Since January 31, 2009, our U.S. mutual funds have not offered back-end load shares to new investors. However, our non-U.S. funds continue to offer back-end load shares.

We periodically review the deferred sales commission asset for impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, additional impairment tests are performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any.

Loss Contingencies

With respect to all significant litigation matters, we consider the likelihood of a negative outcome. If we determine the likelihood of a negative outcome is probable, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, we record an estimated loss for the expected outcome of the litigation. If the likelihood of a negative outcome is reasonably possible and we are able to determine an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, we disclose that fact together with the estimate of the possible loss or range of loss. However, it is difficult to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss because litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, particularly when plaintiffs allege substantial or indeterminate damages, or when the litigation is highly complex or broad in scope. In such cases, we disclose that we are unable to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss.

Revenue Recognition

Investment advisory and services fees, generally calculated as a percentage of AUM, are recorded as revenue as the related services are performed. Certain investment advisory contracts, including those associated with hedge funds or other alternative investments, provide for a performance-based fee, in addition to or in lieu of a base fee, which is calculated as either a percentage of absolute investment results or a percentage of investment results in excess of a stated benchmark over a specified period of time. Performance-based fees are recorded as a component of revenue at the end of each contract's measurement period.

We calculate AUM using established fair valuation methodologies, including market-based valuation methods and fair valuation methods. Market-based valuation methods include: last sale/settle prices from an exchange for actively-traded listed equities, options and futures; evaluated bid prices from recognized pricing vendors for fixed income, asset-backed or mortgage-backed issues; mid prices from recognized pricing vendors and brokers for credit default swaps; and quoted bids or spreads from pricing vendors and brokers for other derivative products. Fair valuation methods include discounted cash flow models, evaluation of assets versus liabilities or any other methodology that is validated and approved by our Valuation Committee. Fair valuation methods are used only where AUM cannot be valued using market-based valuation methods, such as in the case of private equity or illiquid securities. Investments utilizing fair valuation methods typically make up an insignificant amount of our total AUM. Recent market volatility has not had a significant effect on our ability to acquire market data and, accordingly, our ability to use market-based valuation methods.

The Valuation Committee, which is composed of senior officers and employees, is responsible for overseeing the pricing and valuation of all investments held in client and AllianceBernstein portfolios. The Valuation Committee has adopted a Statement of Pricing Policies describing principles and policies that apply to pricing and valuing investments held in these portfolios. We have also established a Pricing Group, which reports to the Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee has delegated to the Pricing Group responsibility for overseeing the pricing process for all investments.

Bernstein Research Services revenue consists primarily of brokerage commissions received by SCB LLC and SCBL for research and brokerage-related services provided to institutional investors. Brokerage commissions earned and related expenses are recorded on a trade-date basis. Bernstein Research Services revenue also consists of underwriting fees, management fees, payments for research services and/or selling concessions from equity capital markets activities, which are recognized as the related services are performed.

Distribution revenues, shareholder servicing fees, and dividend and interest income are accrued as earned.

Mutual Fund Underwriting Activities

Purchases and sales of shares of company-sponsored mutual funds in connection with the underwriting activities of our subsidiaries, including related commission income, are recorded on trade date. Receivables from brokers and dealers for sale of shares of company-sponsored mutual funds are generally realized within three business days from trade date, in conjunction with the settlement of the related payables to company-sponsored mutual funds for share purchases. Distribution plan and other promotion and servicing payments are recognized as expense when incurred.

Deferred Compensation Plans

We maintain several unfunded, non-qualified deferred compensation plans under which annual awards to employees are generally made in the fourth quarter.

For awards made before 2009, participants were permitted to allocate their awards: (i) among notional investments in Holding Units, certain of the investment services we provide to our clients and a money market fund or (ii) under limited circumstances, in options to buy Holding Units.

We made investments in our services that were notionally elected by the participants and maintained them in a consolidated rabbi trust or separate custodial account.

Awards generally vested over four years but could vest more quickly depending on the terms of the individual award, the age of the participant, or the terms of the participant's employment, separation or retirement agreement. Upon vesting, awards are distributed to participants unless they have made a voluntary long-term election to defer receipt.

Quarterly cash distributions on unvested Holding Units for which a long-term deferral election had not been made are paid currently to participants. Quarterly cash distributions on notional investments in Holding Units and income credited on notional investments in our investment services or the money market fund for which a long-term deferral election has been made are reinvested and distributed as elected by participants.

Prior to a fourth quarter 2011 amendment made to all outstanding deferred incentive compensation awards of active employees (discussed below), compensation expense for awards under the plans, including changes in participant account balances resulting from gains and losses on related investments (other than in Holding Units and options to buy Holding Units), was recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting periods. Mark-to-market gains or losses on investments made to fund deferred compensation obligations (other than in Holding Units and options to buy Holding Units) are recognized currently as investment gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income. In addition, our equity in the earnings of investments in limited partnership hedge funds made to fund deferred compensation obligations is recognized currently as investment gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income.

Awards in 2010 and 2009 consisted solely of restricted Holding Units and deferred cash. (In 2010, deferred cash was an option available only to certain non-U.S. employees.)

We engaged in open-market purchases of, or issued, Holding Units that were awarded to the participants and held them in a consolidated rabbi trust.

Upon vesting, awards are distributed to participants unless they have made a voluntary long-term election to defer receipt.

Quarterly cash distributions on unvested restricted Holding Units for which a long-term deferral election had not been made are paid currently to participants. Quarterly cash distributions on vested and unvested restricted Holding Units for which a long-term deferral election has been made are paid currently to participants.

Awards in 2011 allowed employees to allocate their award between restricted Holding Units and deferred cash. Employees (except certain members of senior management) generally could allocate up to 50% of their awards to deferred cash, not to exceed a total of $250,000 per award, and had until January 13, 2012 to make their elections. The number of restricted Holding Units issued equalled the remaining dollar value of the award divided by the average of the closing prices of a Holding Unit for the five business day period that commenced on January 13, 2012 and concluded on January 20, 2012.

Upon approval and communication of the dollar value of the 2011 awards in December 2011, we recorded a $159.9 million liability for the full dollar value of the awards. In January 2012, 8.7 million restricted Holding Units were issued from the consolidated rabbi trust and we reclassified $130.3 million of the liability to partners' capital, and will account for restricted Holding Units as equity-based awards.

We engage in open-market purchases of, or issue, Holding Units that are awarded to the participants and hold them in a consolidated rabbi trust.

Quarterly distributions on Holding Units are paid currently to participants.

Interest on deferred cash will be accrued monthly based on our monthly weighted average cost of funds.

On November 17, 2011, we announced that we implemented changes to our employee long-term incentive compensation award program designed to better align the costs of employee compensation and benefits with the company's current year financial performance, and provide employees with a higher degree of certainty that they will receive the incentive compensation they are awarded.

We amended all outstanding deferred incentive compensation awards of active employees, so that employees who terminate their employment or are terminated without cause may retain their award, subject to compliance with certain agreements and restrictive covenants set forth in the applicable award agreement, including restrictions on competition and employee and client solicitation, and a claw-back for failing to follow existing risk management policies. Most equity replacement, sign-on or similar deferred compensation awards included in separate employment agreements or arrangements have not been amended.

We recognize compensation expense related to equity compensation grants in the financial statements using the fair value method. Fair value of restricted Holding Unit awards is the closing price of a Holding Unit on the grant date; fair value of options is determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Under the fair value method, compensatory expense is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and is recognized over the required service period. Prior to the amendment made to the employee long-term incentive compensation award program in the fourth quarter of 2011, an employee's service requirement was typically the same as the delivery dates. This amendment eliminated employee service requirements but did not modify delivery dates contained in the original award agreements.

As a result of this change, we recorded a one-time, non-cash charge of $587.1 million in the fourth quarter for all unrecognized deferred incentive compensation on the amended outstanding awards from prior years. In addition, we recorded 100% of the expense associated with our 2011 deferred incentive compensation awards of $159.9 million.

Awards granted in 2011 contained the provisions described above and we expect to add these provisions to deferred incentive compensation awards in the future. Accordingly, our annual incentive compensation expense will reflect 100% of the expense associated with the deferred incentive compensation awarded in each year. This approach to expense recognition will more closely match the economic cost of awarding deferred incentive compensation to the period in which the related service is performed.

Grants of restricted Holding Units and options to buy Holding Units are typically awarded to eligible members of the Board (“Eligible Directors”) during the second quarter. Restricted Holding Units vest on the third anniversary of the grant date and the options become exercisable ratably over three years. These restricted Holding Units and options are not forfeitable. Due to there being no service requirement, we fully expense these awards on each grant date.

We fund our restricted Holding Unit awards either by purchasing newly-issued Holding Units from Holding or purchasing Holding Units on the open market, all of which are held in a consolidated rabbi trust until they are distributed to employees upon vesting. In accordance with the AllianceBernstein Partnership Agreement, when Holding issues Holding Units to AllianceBernstein, Holding is required to use the proceeds it receives from AllianceBernstein to purchase the equivalent number of newly-issued AllianceBernstein Units, thus increasing its percentage ownership interest in AllianceBernstein. Holding Units held in the consolidated rabbi trust are corporate assets in the name of the trust and are available to the general creditors of AllianceBernstein.

During 2011 and 2010, we purchased 13.5 million and 8.8 million Holding Units for $220.8 million and $226.4 million, respectively. These amounts reflect open-market purchases of 11.1 million and 7.4 million Holding Units for $192.1 million and $195.3 million, respectively, with the remainder primarily relating to purchases of Holding Units from employees to allow them to fulfill statutory tax requirements at the time of distribution of long-term incentive compensation awards, offset by Holding Units purchased by employees as part of a distribution reinvestment election.

During the third and fourth quarters of 2011, we adopted a plan to repurchase Holding Units pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). A Rule 10b5-1 plan allows a company to repurchase its shares at times when it otherwise might be prevented from doing so because of self-imposed trading blackout periods and because it possesses material non-public information. The broker we selected has the authority under the terms and limitations specified in the plan to repurchase Holding Units on our behalf in accordance with the terms of the plan. Repurchases are subject to SEC regulations as well as certain price, market volume and timing constraints specified in the plan. The amount of Holding Units we buy also is subject to the trading volume of Holding Units on the New York Stock Exchange. The plan adopted during the fourth quarter of 2011 does not specify an aggregate limitation and expires at the close of business on February 10, 2012. We intend to adopt additional Rule 10b5-1 plans so that we can continue to engage in open market purchases of Holding Units to help fund anticipated obligations under its incentive compensation award program and for other corporate purposes.

We granted 1.7 million restricted Holding Units (not including 8.7 million restricted Holding Units granted in January 2012 for 2011) and 13.1 million restricted Holding Unit awards to employees during 2011 and 2010, respectively. To fund these awards, we allocated previously repurchased Holding Units that had been held in the consolidated rabbi trust. The 2011 incentive compensation awards allowed most employees to allocate their award between restricted Holding Units and deferred cash. As a result, 8.7 million restricted Holding Unit awards for the December 2011 awards were issued from the consolidated rabbi trust in January 2012. There were approximately 13.6 million and 6.2 million unallocated Holding Units remaining in the consolidated rabbi trust as of December 31, 2011 and January 31, 2012, respectively. The balance as of January 31, 2012 also reflects repurchases and other activity during January 2012.

New Holding Units are also issued by Holding upon exercise of options. Proceeds received by Holding upon exercise of options are used to acquire newly-issued AllianceBernstein Units, increasing Holding's percentage ownership interest in AllianceBernstein.

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into United States dollars (“US$”) at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates, and related revenues and expenses are translated into US$ at average exchange rates in effect during each period. Net foreign currency gains and losses resulting from the translation of assets and liabilities of foreign operations into US$ are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of changes in partners' capital and comprehensive income. Net foreign currency transaction gains (losses) were $(2.4) million, $1.3 million and $(0.4) million for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

Cash Distributions

AllianceBernstein is required to distribute all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AllianceBernstein (“AllianceBernstein Partnership Agreement”), to its unitholders and to the General Partner. Available Cash Flow can be summarized as the cash flow received by AllianceBernstein from operations minus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be retained by AllianceBernstein for use in its business, or plus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be released from previously retained cash flow.

The General Partner computes cash flow received from operations by determining the sum of:

•

net cash provided by operating activities of AllianceBernstein,

•

proceeds from borrowings and from sales or other dispositions of assets in the ordinary course of business, and

•

income from investments in marketable securities, liquid investments and other financial instruments that are acquired for investment purposes and that have a value that may be readily established,

and then subtracting from this amount the sum of:

•

payments in respect of the principal of borrowings, and

•

amounts expended for the purchase of assets in the ordinary course of business.

On February 10, 2012, the General Partner declared a distribution of $47.7 million, or $0.17 per AllianceBernstein Unit, representing a distribution of Available Cash Flow for the three months ended December 31, 2011. The General Partner, as a result of its 1% general partnership interest, is entitled to receive 1% of each distribution. The distribution is payable on March 8, 2012 to holders of record on February 21, 2012. This distribution excludes the one-time, non-cash deferred compensation charge of $587.1 million taken in the fourth quarter of 2011. See further discussion above in Deferred Compensation Plans.

Total cash distributions per Unit paid to the General Partner and unitholders during 2011, 2010 and 2009 were $1.70, $1.79 and $1.73, respectively.

Real Estate Charges

During 2010, we performed a comprehensive review of our real estate requirements in New York in connection with our workforce reductions commencing in 2008. As a result, during 2010 we decided to sub-lease over 380,000 square feet in New York (approximately half of which has occurred) and largely consolidate our New York-based employees into two office locations from three. We recorded pre-tax real estate charges of $101.7 million in 2010 that reflected the net present value of the difference between the amount of our on-going contractual operating lease obligations for this space and our estimate of current market rental rates ($76.2 million), as well as the write-off of leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment related to this space ($25.5 million). We periodically review the assumptions and estimates we used in recording these charges. During 2011, we reduced our real estate liability by $3.5 million as a result of changes in our estimates. The following table summarizes the activity in the liability account relating to this charge for the following periods:

	December 31,
	2011			2010
	(in thousands)

Balance as of January 1,	$	89,793		$	-
Expense (credit) incurred		(3,506	)		76,177
Deferred rent		2,288			22,954
Payments made		(18,696	)		(9,814	)
Interest accretion		1,285			476
Balance as of end of period	$	71,164		$	89,793

During 2011, we recorded pre-tax real estate charges totaling $7.2 million for our office space in London, New York and other U.S. locations. The London charge was $8.8 million consisting of a $5.8 million payment to the party to which the lease was assigned, as well as the write-off of $3.0 million of leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment related to the space. We also wrote off an additional $1.5 million of leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment related to the New York space and had miscellaneous charges of $0.4 million. These charges were offset by the $3.5 million credit discussed above.

Comprehensive Income

We report all changes in comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of changes in partners' capital and comprehensive income. Comprehensive income includes net income, as well as unrealized gains and losses on investments classified as available-for-sale, foreign currency translation adjustments, and unrecognized actuarial net losses and transition assets, all net of tax.