10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ý ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                 to

Commission file number 000-29961

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	13-4064930
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y.	10,105
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 969-1000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Title of Class	Name of each exchange on which registered
units of limited partnership interest	None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes ý  No o

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes o  No ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ý  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes ý  No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

(Check one):

Large accelerated filer  o Accelerated filer   o Non-accelerated filer  ý Smaller reporting company   o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes o  No ý

The number of units of limited partnership interest outstanding as of December 31, 2016 was 268,893,534.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

This Form 10-K does not incorporate any document by reference.

Glossary of Certain Defined Terms		ii
Part I
Item 1.	Business	1
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	16
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	26
Item 2.	Properties	26
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	26
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	26
Part II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	27
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	29
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	50
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	52
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	54
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	89
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	101
Item 9B.	Other Information	101
Part III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	102
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	111
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	128
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	133
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	136
Part IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	137
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	140
Signatures		140

i

Glossary of Certain Defined Terms

“AB” – AllianceBernstein L.P. (Delaware limited partnership formerly known as Alliance Capital Management L.P., “Alliance Capital”), the operating partnership, and its subsidiaries and, where appropriate, its predecessors, AB Holding and ACMC, Inc. and their respective subsidiaries.

“AB Holding” – AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (Delaware limited partnership).

“AB Holding Partnership Agreement” – the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB Holding, dated as of October 29, 1999 and as amended February 24, 2006.

“AB Holding Units” – units representing assignments of beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests in AB Holding.

“AB Partnership Agreement” – the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB, dated as of October 29, 1999 and as amended February 24, 2006.

“AB Units” – units of limited partnership interest in AB.

“AUM” – AB's assets under management.

“AXA” – AXA (société anonyme organized under the laws of France) is the holding company for the AXA Group, a worldwide leader in financial protection. AXA operates primarily in Europe, North America, the Asia/Pacific regions and, to a lesser extent, in other regions, including the Middle East, Africa and Latin America. AXA has five operating business segments: Life and Savings, Property and Casualty, International Insurance, Asset Management and Banking.

“AXA Equitable” – AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (New York stock life insurance company), a subsidiary of AXA Financial, and its subsidiaries other than AB and its subsidiaries.

“AXA Financial” – AXA Financial, Inc. (Delaware corporation), a subsidiary of AXA.

“Bernstein Transaction” – AB's acquisition of the business and assets of SCB Inc., formerly known as Sanford C. Bernstein Inc., and the related assumption of the liabilities of that business, completed on October 2, 2000.

“Exchange Act” – the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“ERISA” – the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

“General Partner” – AllianceBernstein Corporation (Delaware corporation), the general partner of AB and AB Holding and a subsidiary of AXA Equitable, and, where appropriate, ACMC, LLC, its predecessor.

“Investment Advisers Act” – the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.

“Investment Company Act” – the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

“NYSE” – the New York Stock Exchange, Inc.

“Partnerships” – AB and AB Holding together.

“SEC” – the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Securities Act” – the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“WPS Acquisition” – AB's acquisition of W.P. Stewart & Co., Ltd. (“WPS”), a concentrated growth equity investment manager, completed on December 12, 2013.

ii

PART I

Item 1.    Business

The words “we” and “our” in this Form 10-K refer collectively to AB Holding and AB and its subsidiaries, or to their officers and employees. Similarly, the words “company” and “firm” refer to both AB Holding and AB. Where the context requires distinguishing between AB Holding and AB, we identify which company is being discussed. Cross-references are in italics.

We use “global” in this Form 10-K to refer to all nations, including the United States; we use “international” or “non-U.S.” to refer to nations other than the United States.

We use “emerging markets” in this Form 10-K to refer to countries included in the Morgan Stanley Capital International (“MSCI”) emerging markets index, which are, as of December 31, 2016, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Russia, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates.

Clients

We provide research, diversified investment management and related services globally to a broad range of clients through our three buy-side distribution channels: Institutions, Retail and Private Wealth Management, and our sell-side business, Bernstein Research Services.  See “Distribution Channels” in this Item 1 for additional information.

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, our AUM were approximately $480 billion, $467 billion and $474 billion, respectively, and our net revenues as of each of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were approximately $3.0 billion.AXA, our parent company, and its subsidiaries, whose AUM consist primarily of fixed income investments, together constitute our largest client. Our affiliates represented approximately 24%, 24% and 23% of our AUM as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and we earned approximately 5% of our net revenues from services we provided to our affiliates in each of those years. See “Distribution Channels” below and “Assets Under Management” and “Net Revenues” in Item 7 for additional information regarding our AUM and net revenues.

Generally, we are compensated for our investment services on the basis of investment advisory and services fees calculated as a percentage of AUM. For additional information about our investment advisory and services fees, including performance-based fees, see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A and “Net Revenues – Investment Advisory and Services Fees” in Item 7.

Research

Our high-quality, in-depth research is the foundation of our business. We believe that our global team of research professionals, whose disciplines include economic, fundamental equity, fixed income and quantitative research, gives us a competitive advantage in achieving investment success for our clients. We also have experts focused on multi-asset strategies, wealth management and alternative investments.

Investment Services

Our broad range of investment services includes:

• Actively-managed equity strategies, with global and regional portfolios across capitalization ranges and investment strategies, including value, growth and core equities;

• Actively-managed traditional and unconstrained fixed income strategies, including taxable and tax-exempt strategies;

• Passive management, including index and enhanced index strategies;

• Alternative investments, including hedge funds, fund of funds and private equity (e.g., direct real estate investing and direct lending); and

• Multi-asset solutions and services, including dynamic asset allocation, customized target-date funds and target-risk funds.

Our services span various investment disciplines, including market capitalization (e.g., large-, mid- and small-cap equities), term (e.g., long-, intermediate- and short-duration debt securities), and geographic location (e.g., U.S., international, global, emerging markets, regional and local), in major markets around the world.

1

Our AUM by client domicile and investment service as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

By Client Domicile ($ in billions):

By Investment Service ($ in billions):

Distribution Channels

Institutions

We offer to our institutional clients, which include private and public pension plans, foundations and endowments, insurance companies, central banks and governments worldwide, and various of our affiliates, separately-managed accounts, sub-advisory relationships, structured products, collective investment trusts, mutual funds, hedge funds and other investment vehicles (“Institutional Services”).

We manage the assets of our institutional clients pursuant to written investment management agreements or other arrangements,  which generally are terminable at any time or upon relatively short notice by either party. In general, our written investment management agreements may not be assigned without the client's consent. For information about our institutional investment advisory and services fees, including performance-based fees, see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A and “Net Revenues – Investment Advisory and Services Fees” in Item 7.

AXA and its subsidiaries together constitute our largest institutional client. AXA's AUM accounted for approximately 35%, 33% and 32% of our institutional AUM as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and approximately 28%, 26% and 22% of our institutional revenues for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. No single institutional client other than AXA and its subsidiaries accounted for more than approximately 1% of our net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016.

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, Institutional Services represented approximately 50%, 51% and 50%, respectively, of our AUM, and the fees we earned from providing these services represented approximately 14% of our net revenues for each of those years. Our AUM and revenues are as follows:

2

Institutional Services Assets Under Management

(by Investment Service)

	December 31,						% Change
	2016		2015		2014		2016-15		2015-14
	(in millions)
Equity Actively Managed:
U.S.	$	8,792	$	9,156	$	9,631	(4.0	)%	(4.9	)%
Global & Non-US	18,215		16,705		19,522		9.0		(14.4	)
Total	27,007		25,861		29,153		4.4		(11.3	)
Equity Passively Managed(1):
U.S.	16,135		15,573		16,196		3.6		(3.8	)
Global & Non-US	3,467		4,250		5,818		(18.4	)	(27.0	)
Total	19,602		19,823		22,014		(1.1	)	(10.0	)
Total Equity	46,609		45,684		51,167		2.0		(10.7	)
Fixed Income Taxable:
U.S.	97,610		88,997		84,079		9.7		5.8
Global & Non-US	52,598		54,897		64,086		(4.2	)	(14.3	)
Total	150,208		143,894		148,165		4.4		(2.9	)
Fixed Income Tax-Exempt:
U.S.	1,819		1,920		1,796		(5.3	)	6.9
Global & Non-US	—		—		—		—		—
Total	1,819		1,920		1,796		(5.3	)	6.9
Fixed Income Passively Managed(1):
U.S.	1,305		64		67		1,939.1		(4.5	)
Global & Non-US	15		18		185		(16.7	)	(90.3	)
Total	1,320		82		252		1,509.8		(67.5	)
Total Fixed Income	153,347		145,896		150,213		5.1		(2.9	)
Other(2):
U.S.	3,831		2,939		2,268		30.4		29.6
Global & Non-US	35,477		41,683		33,393		(14.9	)	24.8
Total	39,308		44,622		35,661		(11.9	)	25.1
Total:
U.S.	129,492		118,649		114,037		9.1		4.0
Global & Non-US	109,772		117,553		123,004		(6.6	)	(4.4	)
Total	$	239,264	$	236,202	$	237,041	1.3		(0.4	)
Affiliated	$	82,721	$	78,048	$	75,241	6.0		3.7
Non-affiliated	156,543		158,154		161,800		(1.0	)	(2.3	)
Total	$	239,264	$	236,202	$	237,041	1.3		(0.4	)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Includes index and enhanced index services.

(2) Includes certain multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.

3

Revenues from Institutional Services

(by Investment Service)

	Years Ended December 31,						% Change
	2016		2015		2014		2016-15		2015-14
	(in thousands)
Equity Actively Managed:
U.S.	$	49,370	$	54,150	$	54,176	(8.8	)%	—	%
Global & Non-US	75,814		88,096		88,777		(13.9	)	(0.8	)
Total	125,184		142,246		142,953		(12.0	)	(0.5	)
Equity Passively Managed(1):
U.S.	2,964		2,824		2,841		5.0		(0.6	)
Global & Non-US	2,345		4,295		4,333		(45.4	)	(0.9	)
Total	5,309		7,119		7,174		(25.4	)	(0.8	)
Total Equity	130,493		149,365		150,127		(12.6	)	(0.5	)
Fixed Income Taxable:
U.S.	101,875		94,272		92,250		8.1		2.2
Global & Non-US	111,602		125,888		125,595		(11.3	)	0.2
Total	213,477		220,160		217,845		(3.0	)	1.1
Fixed Income Tax-Exempt:
U.S.	2,591		2,361		2,250		9.7		4.9
Global & Non-US	—		—		—		—		—
Total	2,591		2,361		2,250		9.7		4.9
Fixed Income Passively Managed(1):
U.S.	322		68		69		373.5		(1.4	)
Global & Non-US	1		81		142		(98.8	)	(43.0	)
Total	323		149		211		116.8		(29.4	)
Fixed Income Servicing(2):
U.S.	12,717		13,510		11,468		(5.9	)	17.8
Global & Non-US	1,530		1,715		2,011		(10.8	)	(14.7	)
Total	14,247		15,225		13,479		(6.4	)	13.0
Total Fixed Income	230,638		237,895		233,785		(3.1	)	1.8
Other(3):
U.S.	34,577		23,130		18,643		49.5		24.1
Global & Non-US	25,189		24,070		30,551		4.6		(21.2	)
Total	59,766		47,200		49,194		26.6		(4.1	)
Total Investment Advisory and Services Fees:
U.S.	204,416		190,315		181,697		7.4		4.7
Global & Non-US	216,481		244,145		251,409		(11.3	)	(2.9	)
	420,897		434,460		433,106		(3.1	)	0.3
Distribution Revenues	684		248		340		175.8		(27.1	)
Shareholder Servicing Fees	479		497		634		(3.6	)	(21.6	)
Total	$	422,060	$	435,205	$	434,080	(3.0	)	0.3
Affiliated	$	116,392	$	113,187	$	95,256	2.8		18.8
Non-affiliated	305,668		322,018		338,824		(5.1	)	(5.0	)
Total	$	422,060	$	435,205	$	434,080	(3.0	)	0.3

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Includes index and enhanced index services.

(2) Fixed Income Servicing includes advisory-related services fees that are not based on AUM, including derivative transaction fees, capital purchase program-related advisory services and other fixed income advisory services.

(3) Includes certain multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative services.

4

Retail

We provide investment management and related services to a wide variety of individual retail investors, both in the U.S. and internationally, through retail mutual funds we sponsor, mutual fund sub-advisory relationships, separately-managed account programs (see below), and other investment vehicles (“Retail Products and Services”).

We distribute our Retail Products and Services through financial intermediaries, including broker-dealers, insurance sales representatives, banks, registered investment advisers and financial planners. These products and services include open-end and closed-end funds that are either (i) registered as investment companies under the Investment Company Act (“U.S. Funds”), or (ii) not registered under the Investment Company Act and generally not offered to United States persons (“Non-U.S. Funds” and, collectively with the U.S. Funds, “AB Funds”). They also include separately-managed account programs, which are sponsored by financial intermediaries and generally charge an all-inclusive fee covering investment management, trade execution, asset allocation, and custodial and administrative services. In addition, we provide distribution, shareholder servicing, transfer agency services and administrative services for our Retail Products and Services. See “Net Revenues – Investment Advisory and Services Fees” in Item 7 for information about our retail investment advisory and services fees. See Note 2 to AB’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for a discussion of the commissions we pay to financial intermediaries in connection with the sale of open-end AB Funds.

Fees paid by the U.S. Funds are reflected in the applicable investment management agreement, which generally must be approved annually by the boards of directors or trustees of those funds, including by a majority of the independent directors or trustees. Increases in these fees must be approved by fund shareholders; decreases need not be, including any decreases implemented by a fund’s directors or trustees. In general, each investment management agreement with the U.S. Funds provides for termination by either partyat any time upon 60 days’ notice.

Fees paid by Non-U.S. Funds are reflected in investment management agreements that continue until they are terminated. Increases in these fees generally must be approved by the relevant regulatory authority, depending on the domicile and structure of the fund, and Non-U.S. Fund shareholders must be given advance notice of any fee increases.

The mutual funds we sub-advise for AXA and its subsidiaries together constitute our largest retail client. They accounted for approximately 21%, 22% and 21% of our retail AUM as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and approximately 4%, 4% and 3% of our retail net revenues as of 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Certain subsidiaries of AXA, including AXA Advisors, LLC (“AXA Advisors”), a subsidiary of AXA Financial, were responsible for approximately 2%, 4% and 3% of total sales of shares of open-end AB Funds in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. HSBC was responsible for approximately 12% of our open-end AB Fund sales in 2016. UBS AG was responsible for approximately 8% and 11% of our open-end AB Fund sales in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Neither our affiliates, HSBC or UBS AG are under any obligation to sell a specific amount of AB Fund shares and each also sells shares of mutual funds that it sponsors and that are sponsored by unaffiliated organizations. No other entity accounted for 10% or more of our open-end AB Fund sales.

Most open-end U.S. Funds have adopted a plan under Rule 12b-1 of the Investment Company Act that allows the fund to pay, out of assets of the fund, distribution and service fees for the distribution and sale of its shares (“Rule 12b-1 Fees”). The open-end U.S. Funds have entered into such agreements with us, and we have entered into selling and distribution agreements pursuant to which we pay sales commissions to the financial intermediaries that distribute our open-end U.S. Funds. These agreements are terminable by either party upon notice (generally 30 days) and do not obligate the financial intermediary to sell any specific amount of fund shares.

As of December 31, 2016, retail U.S. Fund AUM were approximately $41 billion, or 26% of retail AUM, as compared to $45 billion, or 29%, as of December 31, 2015, and $49 billion, or 30%, as of December 31, 2014. Non-U.S. Fund AUM, as of December 31, 2016, totaled $59 billion, or 37% of retail AUM, as compared to $52 billion, or 33%, as of December 31, 2015, and $57 billion, or 36%, as of December 31, 2014.

Our Retail Services represented approximately 33%, 33% and 34% of our AUM as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and the fees we earned from providing these services represented approximately 42%, 45% and 46% of our net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Our AUM and revenues are as follows:

5

Retail Services Assets Under Management

(by Investment Service)

	December 31,						% Change
	2016		2015		2014		2016-15		2015-14
	(in millions)
Equity Actively Managed:
U.S.	$	31,717	$	31,481	$	29,449	0.7	%	6.9	%
Global & Non-US	12,514		14,810		15,920		(15.5	)	(7.0	)
Total	44,231		46,291		45,369		(4.5	)	2.0
Equity Passively Managed(1):
U.S.	20,997		19,483		21,268		7.8		(8.4	)
Global & Non-US	7,025		6,664		6,600		5.4		1.0
Total	28,022		26,147		27,868		7.2		(6.2	)
Total Equity	72,253		72,438		73,237		(0.3	)	(1.1	)
Fixed Income Taxable:
U.S.	6,175		5,905		5,934		4.6		(0.5	)
Global & Non-US	54,328		47,891		55,059		13.4		(13.0	)
Total	60,503		53,796		60,993		12.5		(11.8	)
Fixed Income Tax-Exempt:
U.S.	13,579		11,601		10,432		17.1		11.2
Global & Non-US	10		12		14		(16.7	)	(14.3	)
Total	13,589		11,613		10,446		17.0		11.2
Fixed Income Passively Managed(1):
U.S.	5,216		5,010		4,917		4.1		1.9
Global & Non-US	4,041		4,492		4,483		(10.0	)	0.2
Total	9,257		9,502		9,400		(2.6	)	1.1
Total Fixed Income	83,349		74,911		80,839		11.3		(7.3	)
Other(2):
U.S.	3,229		5,116		5,349		(36.9	)	(4.4	)
Global & Non-US	1,339		1,903		2,072		(29.6	)	(8.2	)
Total	4,568		7,019		7,421		(34.9	)	(5.4	)
Total:
U.S.	80,913		78,596		77,349		2.9		1.6
Global & Non-US	79,257		75,772		84,148		4.6		(10.0	)
Total	$	160,170	$	154,368	$	161,497	3.8		(4.4	)
Affiliated	$	33,774	$	33,364	$	34,693	1.2		(3.8	)
Non-affiliated	126,396		121,004		126,804		4.5		(4.6	)
Total	$	160,170	$	154,368	$	161,497	3.8		(4.4	)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Includes index and enhanced index services.

(2) Includes certain multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.

6

Revenues from Retail Services

(by Investment Service)

	Years Ended December 31,						% Change
	2016		2015		2014		2016-15		2015-14
	(in thousands)
Equity Actively Managed:
U.S.	$	186,442	$	182,802	$	181,756	2.0	%	0.6	%
Global & Non-US	93,019		107,870		93,018		(13.8	)	16.0
Total	279,461		290,672		274,774		(3.9	)	5.8
Equity Passively Managed(1):
U.S.	7,670		8,188		10,154		(6.3	)	(19.4	)
Global & Non-US	5,268		5,268		7,118		—		(26.0	)
Total	12,938		13,456		17,272		(3.8	)	(22.1	)
Total Equity	292,399		304,128		292,046		(3.9	)	4.1
Fixed Income Taxable:
U.S.	16,731		15,842		20,593		5.6		(23.1	)
Global & Non-US	374,036		397,767		429,947		(6.0	)	(7.5	)
Total	390,767		413,609		450,540		(5.5	)	(8.2	)
Fixed Income Tax-Exempt:
U.S.	52,847		44,916		38,317		17.7		17.2
Global & Non-US	63		73		78		(13.7	)	(6.4	)
Total	52,910		44,989		38,395		17.6		17.2
Fixed Income Passively Managed(1):
U.S.	6,105		5,663		3,336		7.8		69.8
Global & Non-US	7,817		8,201		8,675		(4.7	)	(5.5	)
Total	13,922		13,864		12,011		0.4		15.4
Total Fixed Income	457,599		472,462		500,946		(3.1	)	(5.7	)
Other(2):
U.S.	52,024		71,129		64,435		(26.9	)	10.4
Global & Non-US	6,932		8,334		9,550		(16.8	)	(12.7	)
Total	58,956		79,463		73,985		(25.8	)	7.4
Total Investment Advisory and Services Fees:
U.S.	321,819		328,540		318,591		(2.0	)	3.1
Global & Non-US	487,135		527,513		548,386		(7.7	)	(3.8	)
	808,954		856,053		866,977		(5.5	)	(1.3	)
Distribution Revenues	379,881		423,410		440,961		(10.3	)	(4.0	)
Shareholder Servicing Fees	73,072		83,078		89,198		(12.0	)	(6.9	)
Total	$	1,261,907	$	1,362,541	$	1,397,136	(7.4	)	(2.5	)
Affiliated	$	46,060	$	47,668	$	47,910	(3.4	)	(0.5	)
Non-affiliated	1,215,847		1,314,873		1,349,226		(7.5	)	(2.5	)
Total	$	1,261,907	$	1,362,541	$	1,397,136	(7.4	)	(2.5	)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Includes index and enhanced index services.

(2) Includes certain multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.

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Private Wealth Management

We offer to our private wealth clients, which include high-net-worth individuals and families, trusts and estates, charitable foundations, partnerships, private and family corporations, and other entities, separately-managed accounts, hedge funds, mutual funds and other investment vehicles (“Private Wealth Services”).

We manage these accounts pursuant to written investment advisory agreements, which generally are terminable at any time or upon relatively short notice by any party and may not be assigned without the client's consent. For information about our investment advisory and services fees, including performance-based fees, see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A and “Net Revenues – Investment Advisory and Services Fees” in Item 7.

Our Private Wealth Services represented approximately 17%, 16% and 16% of our AUM as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, and the fees we earned from providing these services represented approximately 23%, 23% and 22% of our net revenues for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Our AUM and revenues are as follows:

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Private Wealth Services Assets Under Management

(by Investment Service)

	December 31,						% Change
	2016		2015		2014		2016-15		2015-14
	(in millions)
Equity Actively Managed:
U.S.	$	23,857	$	22,873	$	22,842	4.3	%	0.1	%
Global & Non-US	16,851		15,595		15,125		8.1		3.1
Total	40,708		38,468		37,967		5.8		1.3
Equity Passively Managed(1):
U.S.	193		177		172		9.0		2.9
Global & Non-US	208		210		402		(1.0	)	(47.8	)
Total	401		387		574		3.6		(32.6	)
Total Equity	41,109		38,855		38,541		5.8		0.8
Fixed Income Taxable:
U.S.	6,674		6,742		7,396		(1.0	)	(8.8	)
Global & Non-US	3,528		3,053		2,871		15.6		6.3
Total	10,202		9,795		10,267		4.2		(4.6	)
Fixed Income Tax-Exempt:
U.S.	21,501		19,973		19,401		7.7		2.9
Global & Non-US	3		3		3		—		—
Total	21,504		19,976		19,404		7.6		2.9
Fixed Income Passively Managed(1):
U.S.	18		4		5		350.0		(20.0	)
Global & Non-US	468		372		402		25.8		(7.5	)
Total	486		376		407		29.3		(7.6	)
Total Fixed Income	32,192		30,147		30,078		6.8		0.2
Other(2):
U.S.	2,650		2,439		1,902		8.7		28.2
Global & Non-US	4,816		5,429		4,968		(11.3	)	9.3
Total	7,466		7,868		6,870		(5.1	)	14.5
Total:
U.S.	54,893		52,208		51,718		5.1		0.9
Global & Non-US	25,874		24,662		23,771		4.9		3.7
Total	$	80,767	$	76,870	$	75,489	5.1		1.8

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Includes index and enhanced index services.

(2) Includes certain multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.

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Revenues From Private Wealth Services

(by Investment Service)

	Years Ended December 31,						% Change
	2016		2015		2014		2016-15		2015-14
	(in thousands)
Equity Actively Managed:
U.S.	$	255,902	$	260,706	$	250,415	(1.8	)%	4.1	%
Global & Non-US	176,170		171,101		169,228		3.0		1.1
Total	432,072		431,807		419,643		0.1		2.9
Equity Passively Managed(1):
U.S.	422		1,229		695		(65.7	)	76.8
Global & Non-US	1,053		834		1,839		26.3		(54.6	)
Total	1,475		2,063		2,534		(28.5	)	(18.6	)
Total Equity	433,547		433,870		422,177		(0.1	)	2.8
Fixed Income Taxable:
U.S.	35,756		36,689		39,811		(2.5	)	(7.8	)
Global & Non-US	23,385		20,488		15,875		14.1		29.1
Total	59,141		57,177		55,686		3.4		2.7
Fixed Income Tax-Exempt:
U.S.	111,304		106,161		102,509		4.8		3.6
Global & Non-US	31		35		27		(11.4	)	29.6
Total	111,335		106,196		102,536		4.8		3.6
Fixed Income Passively Managed(1):
U.S.	38		11		9		245.5		22.2
Global & Non-US	3,336		4,299		3,468		(22.4	)	24.0
Total	3,374		4,310		3,477		(21.7	)	24.0
Total Fixed Income	173,850		167,683		161,699		3.7		3.7
Other(2):
U.S.	41,594		22,177		16,566		87.6		33.9
Global & Non-US	54,629		59,594		57,725		(8.3	)	3.2
Total	96,223		81,771		74,291		17.7		10.1
Total Investment Advisory and Services Fees:
U.S.	445,016		426,973		410,005		4.2		4.1
Global & Non-US	258,604		256,351		248,162		0.9		3.3
Total	703,620		683,324		658,167		3.0		3.8
Distribution Revenues	3,840		3,498		3,669		9.8		(4.7	)
Shareholder Servicing Fees	4,139		3,031		2,488		36.6		21.8
Total	$	711,599	$	689,853	$	664,324	3.2		3.8

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Includes index and enhanced index services.

(2) Includes certain multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.

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Bernstein Research Services

We offer high-quality fundamental research, quantitative services and brokerage-related services in equities and listed options to institutional investors, such as pension fund, hedge fund and mutual fund managers, and other institutional investors (“Bernstein Research Services”). We serve our clients, which are based in the United States and in other major markets around the world, through our trading professionals, who primarily are based in New York, London and Hong Kong, and our sell-side analysts, who provide fundamental company and industry research along with quantitative research into securities valuation and factors affecting stock-price movements.

We earn revenues for providing investment research to, and executing brokerage transactions for, institutional clients. These clients compensate us principally by directing us to execute brokerage transactions on their behalf, for which we earn commissions. These services accounted for approximately 16% of our net revenues as of each December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

For information regarding trends in fee rates charged for brokerage transactions, see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A.

Our Bernstein Research Services revenues are as follows:

Revenues From Bernstein Research Services

	Years Ended December 31,						% Change
	2016		2015		2014		2016-15		2015-14
	(in thousands)
Bernstein Research Services	$	479,875	$	493,463	$	482,538	(2.8	)%	2.3	%

Custody

Our U.S.-based broker-dealer subsidiary acts as custodian for the majority of our Private Wealth Management AUM and some of our Institutions AUM. Other custodial arrangements are maintained by client-designated banks, trust companies, brokerage firms or custodians.

Employees

As of December 31, 2016, our firm had 3,438 full-time employees, representing a 4.5% decrease compared to the end of 2015.  We consider our employee relations to be good.

Service Marks

We have registered a number of service marks with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and various foreign trademark offices, including the mark “AllianceBernstein”.  The logo set forth below and “Ahead of Tomorrow” are service marks of AB:

In January 2015, we established two new brand identities.  Although the legal names of our corporate entities did not change, our company, and our Institutions and Retail businesses, now are referred to as “AB”.  Private Wealth Management and Bernstein Research Services now are referred to as “AB Bernstein”.  Also, we adopted the logo and “Ahead of Tomorrow” service marks described above.

In connection with the Bernstein Transaction, we acquired all of the rights in, and title to, the Bernstein service marks, including the mark “Bernstein”.

In connection with the WPS Acquisition, we acquired all of the rights in, and title to, the WPS service marks, including the logo “WPSTEWART”. See “W.P. Stewart” in this Item 1 for information regarding the WPS Acquisition.

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Regulation

Virtually all aspects of our business are subject to various federal and state laws and regulations, rules of various securities regulators and exchanges, and laws in the foreign countries in which our subsidiaries conduct business. These laws and regulations primarily are intended to protect clients and fund shareholders and generally grant supervisory agencies broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict the carrying on of business for failure to comply with such laws and regulations. Possible sanctions that may be imposed on us include the suspension of individual employees, limitations on engaging in business for specific periods, the revocation of the registration as an investment adviser or broker-dealer, censures and fines.

AB, AB Holding, the General Partner and five of our subsidiaries (Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC (“SCB LLC”), AllianceBernstein Global Derivatives Corporation, AB Private Credit Investors LLC, WPS and W.P. Stewart Asset Management LLC) are registered with the SEC as investment advisers under the Investment Advisers Act. Additionally, AB Holding is an NYSE-listed company and, accordingly, is subject to applicable regulations promulgated by the NYSE. Also, AB, SCB LLC and AB Custom Alternative Solutions LLC (another of our subsidiaries) are registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisers; SCB LLC also is registered with the CFTC as a commodities introducing broker.

Each U.S. Fund is registered with the SEC under the Investment Company Act and each Non-U.S. Fund is subject to the laws in the jurisdiction in which the fund is registered. For example, our platform of Luxembourg-based funds operates pursuant to Luxembourg laws and regulations, including Undertakings for the Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Directives, and is authorized and supervised by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (“CSSF”), the primary regulator in Luxembourg. AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc., one of our subsidiaries, is registered with the SEC as a transfer and servicing agent.

SCB LLC and another of our subsidiaries, AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc., are registered with the SEC as broker-dealers, and both are members of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. In addition, SCB LLC is a member of the NYSE and other principal U.S. exchanges.

Many of our subsidiaries are subject to the oversight of regulatory authorities in the jurisdictions outside the United States in which they operate, including the European Securities and Markets Authority, the Financial Conduct Authority in the U.K., the CSSF in Luxembourg, the Financial Services Agency in Japan, the Securities & Futures Commission in Hong Kong, the Monetary Authority of Singapore, the Financial Services Commission in South Korea and the Financial Supervisory Commission in Taiwan. While these regulatory requirements often may be comparable to the requirements of the SEC and other U.S. regulators, they are sometimes more restrictive and may cause us to incur substantial expenditures of time and money related to our compliance efforts. For additional information relating to the regulations that impact our business, please refer to "Risk Factors" in Item 1A.

Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act

AB, AB Holding and their global subsidiaries had no transactions or activities requiring disclosure under the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act (“Iran Act”), nor were they involved in the AXA Group matters described immediately below.

The non-U.S. based subsidiaries of AXA operate in compliance with applicable laws and regulations of the various jurisdictions in which they operate, including applicable international (United Nations and European Union) laws and regulations. While AXA Group companies based and operating outside the United States generally are not subject to U.S. law, as an international group, AXA has in place policies and standards (including the AXA Group International Sanctions Policy) that apply to all AXA Group companies worldwide and often impose requirements that go well beyond local law. For additional information regarding AXA, see "Principal Security Holders" in Item 12.

AXA has informed us that AXA Konzern AG, an AXA insurance subsidiary organized under the laws of Germany, provides car insurance to diplomats based at the Iranian embassy in Berlin, Germany.  The total annual premium of these policies is approximately $13,000 and the annual net profit arising from these policies, which is difficult to calculate with precision, is estimated to be $1,950.  These policies were underwritten by a broker who specializes in providing insurance coverage for diplomats. Provision of motor vehicle insurance is mandatory in Germany and cannot be cancelled until the policies expire.

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In addition, AXA has informed us that AXA Insurance Ireland, an AXA insurance subsidiary, provides statutorily required car insurance under four separate policies to the Iranian embassy in Dublin, Ireland. AXA has informed us that compliance with the Declined Cases Agreement of the Irish Government prohibits the cancellation of these policies unless another insurer is willing to assume the coverage. The total annual premium for these policies is approximately $6,094 and the annual net profit arising from these policies, which is difficult to calculate with precision, is estimated to be $914.

Also, AXA has informed us that AXA Sigorta, a subsidiary of AXA organized under the laws of Turkey, provides car insurance coverage for vehicle pools of the Iranian General Consulate and the Iranian embassy in Istanbul, Turkey. Motor liability insurance coverage is mandatory in Turkey and cannot be cancelled unilaterally. The total annual premium in respect of these policies is approximately $3,150 and the annual net profit, which is difficult to calculate with precision, is estimated to be $473.

Additionally, AXA has informed us that AXA Ukraine, an AXA insurance subsidiary, provides car insurance for the Attaché of the Embassy of Iran in Ukraine. Motor liability insurance coverage cannot be cancelled under Ukrainian law. The total annual premium in respect of this policy is approximately $1,000 and the annual net profit, which is difficult to calculate with precision, is estimated to be $150.

AXA also has informed us that AXA Ubezpieczenia, an AXA insurance subsidiary organized under the laws of Poland, provides car insurance to two diplomats based at the Iranian embassy in Warsaw, Poland. Provision of motor vehicle insurance is mandatory in Poland. The total annual premium of these policies is approximately $535 and the annual net profit arising from these policies, which is difficult to calculate with precision, is estimated to be $80.

In addition, AXA has informed us that AXA Winterthur, an AXA insurance subsidiary organized under the laws of Switzerland, provides Naftiran Intertrade, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Iranian state-owned National Iranian Oil Company, with life, disability and accident coverage for its employees. The provision of these forms of coverage is mandatory for employees in Switzerland. The total annual premium of these policies is approximately $373,668 and the annual net profit arising from these policies, which is difficult to calculate with precision, is estimated to be $56,000.

Lastly, AXA has informed us that AXA France, an AXA insurance subsidiary, has identified a property insurance contract for Bank Sepah in Paris, France.  This business commenced in July 2016 for a total annual premium of approximately $1,400 and the annual net profit arising from this policy, which is difficult to calculate with precision, is estimated to be $210. This business was cancelled in September 2016.

The aggregate annual premium for the above-referenced insurance policies is approximately $398,847, representing approximately 0.0004% of AXA’s 2016 consolidated revenues, which are likely to approximate $100 billion. The related net profit, which is difficult to calculate with precision, is estimated to be $59,777, representing approximately 0.0009% of AXA’s 2016 aggregate net profit.

History and Structure

We have been in the investment research and management business for 50 years. Bernstein was founded in 1967; Alliance Capital was founded in 1971 when the investment management department of Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, Inc. (since November 2000, a part of Credit Suisse Group) merged with the investment advisory business of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.

In April 1988, AB Holding “went public” as a master limited partnership. AB Holding Units, which trade under the ticker symbol “AB”, have been listed on the NYSE since that time.

In October 1999, AB Holding reorganized by transferring its business and assets to AB, a newly-formed operating partnership, in exchange for all of the AB Units (“Reorganization”). Since the date of the Reorganization, AB has conducted the business formerly conducted by AB Holding and AB Holding’s activities have consisted of owning AB Units and engaging in related activities. Unlike AB Holding Units, AB Units do not trade publicly and are subject to significant restrictions on transfer. The General Partner is the general partner of both AB and AB Holding.

In October 2000, our two legacy firms, Alliance Capital and Bernstein, combined, bringing together Alliance Capital’s expertise in growth equity and corporate fixed income investing and its family of retail mutual funds, with Bernstein’s expertise in value equity investing, tax-exempt fixed income management, and its Private Wealth Management and Bernstein Research Services

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businesses. For additional details about this business combination, see Note 2 to AB’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

As of December 31, 2016, the condensed ownership structure of AB is as follows (for a more complete description of our ownership structure, see “Principal Security Holders” in Item 12):

The General Partner owns 100,000 general partnership units in AB Holding and a 1% general partnership interest in AB. Including these general partnership interests, AXA, through certain of its subsidiaries (see “Principal Security Holders” in Item 12), had an approximate 63.7% economic interest in AB as of December 31, 2016.

Competition

We compete in all aspects of our business with numerous investment management firms, mutual fund sponsors, brokerage and investment banking firms, insurance companies, banks, savings and loan associations, and other financial institutions that often provide investment products that have similar features and objectives as those we offer. Our competitors offer a wide range of financial services to the same customers that we seek to serve. Some of our competitors are larger, have a broader range of product choices and investment capabilities, conduct business in more markets, and have substantially greater resources than we do. These factors may place us at a competitive disadvantage, and we can give no assurance that our strategies and efforts to maintain and enhance our current client relationships, and create new ones, will be successful.

In addition, AXA and its subsidiaries provide financial services, some of which compete with those we offer. The AB Partnership Agreement specifically allows AXA and its subsidiaries (other than the General Partner) to compete with AB and to pursue opportunities that may be available to us. AXA, AXA Financial, AXA Equitable and certain of their respective subsidiaries have substantially greater financial resources than we do and are not obligated to provide resources to us.

To grow our business, we believe we must be able to compete effectively for AUM. Key competitive factors include:

14

• our investment performance for clients;

• our commitment to place the interests of our clients first;

• the quality of our research;

• our ability to attract, motivate and retain highly skilled, and often highly specialized, personnel;

• the array of investment products we offer;

• the fees we charge;

• Morningstar/Lipper rankings for the AB Funds;

• our ability to sell our actively-managed investment services despite the fact that many investors favor passive services;

• our operational effectiveness;

• our ability to further develop and market our brand; and

• our global presence.

Competition is an important risk that our business faces and should be considered along with the other risk factors we discuss in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A.

Available Information

AB and AB Holding file or furnish annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, amendments to such reports, and other reports (and amendments thereto) required to comply with federal securities laws, including Section 16 beneficial ownership reports on Forms 3, 4 and 5, registration statements and proxy statements.  We maintain an Internet site (http://www.abglobal.com) where the public can view these reports, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after each report is filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

W.P. Stewart

On December 12, 2013, we acquired WPS, an equity investment manager that managed, as of December 12, 2013, approximately $2.1 billion in U.S., Global and Europe, Australasia (Australia and New Zealand) and Far East (“EAFE”) concentrated growth equity strategies for its clients, primarily in the U.S. and Europe. On the date of the WPS Acquisition, each of approximately 4.9 million outstanding shares of WPS common stock (other than certain specified shares, as previously disclosed in Amendment No. 2 to Form S-4 filed by AB on November 8, 2013) was converted into the right to receive $12.00 per share and one transferable contingent value right (“CVRs”) entitling the holders to an additional $4.00 per share cash payment if the Assets Under Management (as such term is defined in the Contingent Value Rights Agreement (“CVR Agreement”) dated as of December 12, 2013, a copy of which we filed as Exhibit 4.01 (“Exhibit 4.01”) to our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013) in the acquired WPS investment services had exceeded $5 billion on or before December 12, 2016, subject to measurement procedures and limitations set forth in the CVR Agreement. See the definition of AUM Milestone in the CVR Agreement filed as Exhibit 4.01. The foregoing description of the CVR Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the full text of the CVR Agreement.

Based on AB’s periodic calculations pursuant to the CVR Agreement during the term of the CVR Agreement, AB has determined that the AUM Milestone was not achieved at any point during the term of the CVR Agreement. Accordingly, the CVR Agreement has terminated in accordance with its terms and the additional $4.00 per share cash payment will not be made.

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Item 1A.    Risk Factors

Please consider this section along with the description of our business in Item 1, the competition section immediately above and AB’s financial information contained in Items 6, 7 and 8. The majority of the risk factors discussed below directly affect AB. These risk factors also affect AB Holding because AB Holding’s principal source of income and cash flow is attributable to its investment in AB. See also “Cautions Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 7.

Business-related Risks

Our revenues and results of operations depend on the market value and composition of our AUM, which can fluctuate significantly based on various factors, including many factors outside of our control.

We derive most of our revenues from investment advisory and services fees, which typically are calculated as a percentage of the value of AUM as of a specified date, or as a percentage of the value of average AUM for the applicable billing period, and vary with the type of investment service, the size of the account and the total amount of assets we manage for a particular client. The value and composition of our AUM can be adversely affected by several factors, including:

• Market Factors. Uncertainties were prevalent during 2016, as global markets reacted to issues including Great Britain's vote to exit the European Union, increased regulatory scrutiny in the U.S. and abroad, a mixed outlook for global economic growth, foreign exchange rates and interest rates, negative fixed income performance, and the contentious U.S. election. Although U.S. markets rallied following the U.S. election and an interest rate increase, together with related commentary from the Federal Reserve, provided some clarity as to the direction of interest rates, many concerning issues remain for global investors. These factors may adversely affect our AUM and revenues. Additionally, increases in interest rates, particularly if rapid, likely will decrease the total return of many bond investments due to lower market valuations of existing bonds. These factors could have a significant adverse effect on our revenues and results of operations as AUM in our fixed income investments comprise a major component of our total AUM.

• Client Preferences. Generally, our clients may withdraw their assets at any time and on short notice. Also, changing market dynamics and investment trends, particularly with respect to sponsors of defined benefit plans choosing to invest in less risky investments and the ongoing shift to lower-fee passive services described below, may continue to reduce interest in some of the investment products we offer, and/or clients and prospects may continue to seek investment products that we may not currently offer. Loss of, or decreases in, AUM reduces our investment advisory and services fees and revenues.

• Our Investment Performance.  Our ability to achieve investment returns for clients that meet or exceed investment returns for comparable asset classes and competing investment services is a key consideration when clients decide to keep their assets with us or invest additional assets, and when a prospective client is deciding whether to invest with us. Poor investment performance, both in absolute terms and/or relative to peers and stated benchmarks, may result in clients withdrawing assets and in prospective clients choosing to invest with competitors.

• Investing Trends. Our fee rates vary significantly among the various investment products and services we offer to our clients. For example, we generally earn higher fees from assets invested in our actively-managed equity services than in our actively-managed fixed income services or passive services. Also, we often earn higher fees from global and international services than we do from U.S. services (see “Net Revenues” in Item 7 for additional information regarding our fee rates). If our clients continue to invest in actively-managed fixed income services and/or passive services, which generally have lower fees, instead of actively-managed equity services, which generally have higher fees, our investment advisory and services fees and revenues will decline.

• Service Changes. We may be required to reduce our fee levels, restructure the fees we charge and/or adjust the services we offer to our clients because of, among other things, regulatory initiatives (whether industry-wide or specifically targeted), changing technology in the asset management business (including algorithmic strategies and emerging financial technology), court decisions and competitive considerations. A reduction in fees would reduce our revenues.

A decrease in the value of our AUM, or a decrease in the amount of AUM we manage, or an adverse mix shift in our AUM, would adversely affect our investment advisory and services fees and revenues. A reduction in revenues, without a commensurate reduction in expenses, adversely affects our results of operations.

The industry-wide shift from actively-managed investment services to passive services has adversely affected our investment advisory and services fees, revenues and results of operations, and this trend may continue.

Our competitive environment has become increasingly difficult over the past decade, as active managers have, on average, consistently underperformed passive services, which invest based on market indices rather than individual security selection. This collective experience on the part of investors has obscured the strong performance of individual active managers and resulted in significant outflows from actively-managed services and corresponding significant inflows into passive services. In

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respect of U.S. mutual funds, for example, passive inflows continued to accelerate throughout 2016 and totaled an all-time high of $473 billion for the year -- the 5th consecutive record year for inflows to passive products. During that same period, U.S. actively-managed long-term funds experienced net outflows of $252 billion, a second consecutive record outflow year. In this environment, organic growth through positive net inflows is difficult to achieve for active managers, such as AB, and requires taking market share from other active managers.

The significant shift from active services to passive services adversely affects Bernstein Research Services revenues as well. Global market volumes have declined in recent years, and we expect this to continue, fueled by the steady rise in active equity outflows and passive equity inflows. Global and U.S. active equities have experienced net outflows for nine of the past 10 calendar years, and outflows have accelerated in the past three years, primarily due to the increase in passive investing. As a result, portfolio turnover has decreased and investors hold fewer shares that are actively traded by managers.

Our reputation could suffer if we are unable to deliver consistent, competitive investment performance.

Our business is based on the trust and confidence of our clients. Damage to our reputation, resulting from poor or inconsistent investment performance, among other factors, can reduce substantially our AUM and impair our ability to maintain or grow our business.

Maintaining adequate liquidity for our general business needs depends on certain factors, including operating cash flows and our access to credit on reasonable terms.

Our financial condition is dependent on our cash flow from operations, which is subject to the performance of the capital markets, our ability to maintain and grow AUM and other factors beyond our control. Our ability to issue public or private debt on reasonable terms may be limited by adverse market conditions, our profitability, our creditworthiness as perceived by lenders and changes in government regulations, including tax rates and interest rates. Furthermore, our access to credit on reasonable terms is partially dependent on our firm’s credit ratings.

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's") affirmed AB’s long-term and short-term credit ratings in 2016, while Standard & Poor's Rating Service ("S&P") downgraded AB's long-term rating from A+ to A. After the downgrade, S&P's rating (A/A1) aligns with Moody's rating (A2/P1) of AB. Both S&P and Moody's indicated a stable outlook in 2016.  Future changes in our credit ratings are possible and any downgrade to our ratings is likely to increase our borrowing costs and limit our access to the capital markets. If this occurs, we may be forced to incur unanticipated costs or revise our strategic plans, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and business prospects.

Our business is dependent on investment advisory agreements with clients, and selling and distribution agreements with various financial intermediaries and consultants, which generally are subject to termination or non-renewal on short notice.

We derive most of our revenues pursuant to written investment management agreements (or other arrangements) with institutional investors, mutual funds and private wealth clients, and selling and distribution agreements with financial intermediaries that distribute AB Funds. Generally, the investment management agreements (and other arrangements), including our agreements with AXA and its subsidiaries (our largest client), are terminable at any time or upon relatively short notice by either party. The investment management agreements pursuant to which we manage the U.S. Funds must be renewed and approved by the Funds’ boards of directors annually. A significant majority of the directors are independent. Consequently, there can be no assurance that the board of directors of each fund will approve the fund’s investment management agreement each year, or will not condition its approval on revised terms that may be adverse to us. In addition, investors in AB Funds can redeem their investments without notice. Any termination of, or failure to renew, a significant number of these agreements, or a significant increase in redemption rates, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and business prospects.

Similarly, the selling and distribution agreements with securities firms, brokers, banks and other financial intermediaries (including our agreement with HSBC, with respect to which HSBC was responsible for approximately 12% of our open-end AB Fund sales in 2016) are terminable by either party upon notice (generally 30 days) and do not obligate the financial intermediary to sell any specific amount of fund shares. These intermediaries generally offer their clients investment products that compete with our products. In addition, certain institutional investors rely on consultants to advise them about choosing an investment adviser and some of our services may not be considered among the best choices by these consultants. As a result, investment consultants may advise their clients to move their assets invested with us to other investment advisers, which could result in significant net outflows.

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Lastly, our Private Wealth Services rely on referrals from financial planners, registered investment advisers and other professionals. We cannot be certain that we will continue to have access to, or receive referrals from, these third parties. Loss of such access or referrals could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and business prospects.

We may be unable to continue to attract, motivate and retain key personnel, and the cost to retain key personnel could put pressure on our adjusted operating margin.

Our business depends on our ability to attract, motivate and retain highly skilled, and often highly specialized, technical, investment, managerial and executive personnel and there is no assurance that we will be able to do so.

The market for these professionals is extremely competitive and is characterized by their frequent movement among different firms. Also, they often maintain strong, personal relationships with investors in our products and other members of the business community so their departure may cause us to lose client accounts or result in fewer opportunities to win new business, either of which factors could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and business prospects.

Additionally, a decline in revenues may limit our ability to pay our employees at competitive levels, and maintaining (or increasing) compensation without a revenue increase, in order to retain key personnel, may adversely affect our adjusted operating margin. As a result, we remain vigilant about aligning our cost structure (including headcount) with our revenue base. For additional information regarding our compensation practices, see "Compensation Discussion and Analysis" in Item 11.

Performance-based fee arrangements with our clients cause greater fluctuations in our net revenues.

We sometimes charge our clients performance-based fees, whereby we charge a base advisory fee and are eligible to earn an additional performance-based fee or incentive allocation that is calculated as either a percentage of absolute investment results or a percentage of investment results in excess of a stated benchmark over a specified period of time. Some performance-based fees include a high-watermark provision, which generally provides that if a client account underperforms relative to its performance target (whether in absolute terms or relative to a specified benchmark), it must gain back such underperformance before we can collect future performance-based fees. Therefore, if we fail to achieve the performance target for a particular period, we will not earn a performance-based fee for that period and, for accounts with a high-watermark provision, our ability to earn future performance-based fees will be impaired.

We are eligible to earn performance-based fees on 7.0%, 4.2% and 0.9% of the assets we manage for institutional clients, private wealth clients and retail clients, respectively (in total, 4.5% of our AUM). If the percentage of our AUM subject to performance-based fees grows, seasonality and volatility of revenue and earnings are likely to become more significant. Our performance-based fees in 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $32.8 million, $23.7 million and $53.2 million, respectively.

An impairment of goodwill may occur.

Determining whether an impairment of the goodwill asset exists requires management to exercise a substantial amount of judgment. In addition, to the extent that securities valuations are depressed for prolonged periods of time and/or market conditions deteriorate, or if we experience significant net redemptions, our AUM, revenues, profitability and unit price will continue to be adversely affected. Although the price of an AB Holding Unit is just one factor in the calculation of fair value, if AB Holding Unit price levels decline significantly, reaching the conclusion that fair value exceeds carrying value will, over time, become more difficult. In addition, control premiums, industry earnings multiples and discount rates are impacted by economic conditions. As a result, subsequent impairment tests may occur more frequently and be based on more negative assumptions and future cash flow projections, and may result in an impairment of goodwill. An impairment may result in a material charge to our earnings. For additional information about our impairment testing, see Item 7.

We may engage in strategic transactions that could pose risks.

As part of our business strategy, we consider potential strategic transactions, including acquisitions, dispositions, mergers, consolidations, joint ventures and similar transactions, some of which may be material. These transactions, if undertaken, may involve a number of risks and present financial, managerial and operational challenges, including:

• adverse effects on our earnings if acquired intangible assets or goodwill become impaired;

• existence of unknown liabilities or contingencies that arise after closing; and

• potential disputes with counterparties.

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Acquisitions also pose the risk that any business we acquire may lose customers or employees or could underperform relative to expectations. Additionally, the loss of investment personnel poses the risk that we may lose the AUM we expected to manage, which could adversely affect our results of operations. Furthermore, strategic transactions may require us to increase our leverage or, if we issue AB Units or AB Holding Units to fund an acquisition, would dilute the holdings of our existing Unitholders.

Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and various other currencies can adversely affect our AUM, revenues and results of operations.

Although significant portions of our net revenues and expenses, as well as our AUM, presently are denominated in U.S. dollars, we have subsidiaries and clients outside of the United States with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Weakening of these currencies relative to the U.S. dollar adversely affects the value in U.S. dollar terms of our revenues and our AUM denominated in these other currencies. Accordingly, fluctuations in U.S. dollar exchange rates affect our AUM, revenues and reported financial results from one period to the next.

We may not be successful in our efforts to hedge our exposure to such fluctuations, which could negatively impact our revenues and reported financial results.

Our seed capital investments are subject to market risk. While we enter into various futures, forwards, swap and option contracts to economically hedge many of these investments, we also may be exposed to market risk and credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to these derivative instruments.

We have a seed investment program for the purpose of building track records and assisting with the marketing initiatives pertaining to our firm's new products. These seed capital investments are subject to market risk. Our risk management team oversees a seed hedging program that attempts to minimize this risk, subject to practical and cost considerations. Also, not all seed investments are deemed appropriate to hedge, and in those cases we are exposed to market risk. In addition, we may be subject to basis risk in that we cannot always hedge with precision our market exposure and, as a result, we may be subject to relative spreads between market sectors. As a result, volatility in the capital markets may cause significant changes in our period-to-period financial and operating results.

We use various derivative instruments, including futures, forwards, swap and option contracts, in conjunction with our seed hedging program.  While in most cases broad market risks are hedged, our hedges are imperfect and some market risk remains. In addition, our use of derivatives results in counterparty risk (i.e., the risk that we may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to these derivative instruments), regulatory risk (e.g., short selling restrictions) and cash/synthetic basis risk (i.e., the risk that the underlying positions do not move identically to the related derivative instruments).

The revenues generated by Bernstein Research Services may be adversely affected by circumstances beyond our control, including declines in brokerage transaction rates, declines in global market volumes and failure to settle our trades by significant counterparties.

Electronic, or “low-touch”, trading approaches represent a significant percentage of buy-side trading activity and typically produce transaction fees for execution-only services that are approximately one-third the price of traditional full service fee rates. As a result, blended pricing throughout our industry is lower now than it was historically, and price declines may continue. In addition, fee rates we charge and charged by other brokers for traditional brokerage services have historically experienced price pressure, and we expect these trends to continue. Also, while increases in transaction volume and market share often can offset decreases in rates, this may not continue.

In addition, the failure or inability of any of our broker-dealer's significant counterparties to perform could expose us to substantial expenditures and adversely affect our revenues. For example, SCB LLC, as a member of clearing and settlement exchanges, would be required to settle open trades of any non-performing counterparty. This exposes us to the mark-to-market adjustment on the trades between trade date and settlement date, which could be significant, especially during periods of severe market volatility. Lastly, our ability to access liquidity in such situations may be limited by what our funding relationships are able to offer us at such times.

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The individuals, third-party vendors or issuers on whom we rely to perform services for us or our clients may be unable or unwilling to honor their contractual obligations to us.

We rely on various counterparties and other third-party vendors to augment our existing investment, operational, financial and technological capabilities, but the use of a third-party vendor does not diminish AB's responsibility to ensure that client and regulatory obligations are met. Default rates, credit downgrades and disputes with counterparties as to the valuation of collateral increase significantly in times of market stress. Disruptions in the financial markets and other economic challenges may cause our counterparties and other third-party vendors to experience significant cash flow problems or even render them insolvent, which may expose us to significant costs and impair our ability to conduct business.

Weaknesses or failures within a third-party vendor's internal processes or systems, or inadequate business continuity plans, can materially disrupt our business operations. Also, third-party vendors may lack the necessary infrastructure or resources to effectively safeguard our confidential data. If we are unable to effectively manage the risks associated with such third-party relationships, we may suffer fines, disciplinary action and reputational damage.

We may not accurately value the securities we hold on behalf of our clients or our company investments.

In accordance with applicable regulatory requirements, contractual obligations or client direction, we employ procedures for the pricing and valuation of securities and other positions held in client accounts or for company investments. We have established a Valuation Committee, composed of senior officers and employees, which oversees pricing controls and valuation processes. If market quotations for a security are not readily available, the Valuation Committee determines a fair value for the security.

Extraordinary volatility in financial markets, significant liquidity constraints or our failure to adequately consider one or more factors when determining the fair value of a security based on information with limited market observability could result in our failing to properly value securities we hold for our clients or investments accounted for on our balance sheet. Improper valuation likely would result in our basing fee calculations on inaccurate AUM figures, our striking incorrect net asset values for company-sponsored mutual funds or hedge funds or, in the case of company investments, our inaccurately calculating and reporting our financial condition and operating results. Although the overall percentage of our AUM that we fair value based on information with limited market observability is not significant, inaccurate fair value determinations can harm our clients, create regulatory issues and damage our reputation.

We may not have sufficient information to confirm or review the accuracy of valuations provided to us by underlying external managers for the funds in which certain of our alternative investment products invest.

Certain of our alternative investment services invest in funds managed by external managers (“External Managers”) rather than investing directly in securities and other instruments. As a result, our abilities will be limited with regard to (i) monitoring such investments, (ii) regularly obtaining complete, accurate and current information with respect to such investments and (iii) exercising control over such investments. Accordingly, we may not have sufficient information to confirm or review the accuracy of valuations provided to us by External Managers. In addition, we will be required to rely on External Managers’ compliance with any applicable investment guidelines and restrictions. Any failure of an External Manager to operate within such guidelines or to provide accurate information with respect to the investment could subject our alternative investment products to losses and cause damage to our reputation.

The quantitative models we use in certain of our investment services may contain errors, resulting in imprecise risk assessments and unintended output.

We use quantitative models in a variety of our investment services, generally in combination with fundamental research. These models are developed by senior quantitative professionals and typically are implemented by IT professionals. Our Model Risk Oversight Committee oversees the model governance framework and associated model review activities, which are then executed by our Model Risk Team. However, due to the complexity and large data dependency of such models, it is possible that errors in the models could exist and our controls could fail to detect such errors. Failure to detect errors could result in client losses and reputational damage.

We may not always successfully manage actual and potential conflicts of interest that arise in our business.

Increasingly, we must manage actual and potential conflicts of interest, including situations where our services to a particular client conflict, or are perceived to conflict, with the interests of another client. Failure to adequately address potential conflicts of interest could adversely affect our reputation, results of operations and business prospects.

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We have procedures and controls that are designed to identify and mitigate conflicts of interest, including those designed to prevent the improper sharing of information. However, appropriately managing conflicts of interest is complex. Our reputation could be damaged and the willingness of clients to enter into transactions in which such a conflict might arise may be affected if we fail, or appear to fail, to deal appropriately with actual or perceived conflicts of interest. In addition, potential or perceived conflicts could give rise to litigation or regulatory enforcement actions.

Unpredictable events, including natural disaster, dangerous weather conditions, technology failure, terrorist attack and political unrest, may adversely affect our ability to conduct business.

War, terrorist attack, political unrest, power failure, climate change, natural disaster and rapid spread of infectious diseases could interrupt our operations by:

• causing disruptions in global economic conditions, thereby decreasing investor confidence and making investment products generally less attractive;

• inflicting loss of life;

• triggering large-scale technology failures or delays; and

• requiring substantial capital expenditures and operating expenses to remediate damage and restore operations.

Despite the contingency plans and facilities we have in place, including system security measures, information back-up and disaster recovery processes, our ability to conduct business may be adversely affected by a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our operations and the communities in which they are located. This may include a disruption involving electrical, communications, transportation or other services we may use or third parties with which we conduct business. If a disruption occurs in one location and our employees in that location are unable to occupy our offices or communicate with or travel to other locations, our ability to conduct business with and on behalf of our clients may suffer, and we may not be able to successfully implement contingency plans that depend on communication or travel. Furthermore, unauthorized access to our systems as a result of a security breach, the failure of our systems, or the loss of data could give rise to legal proceedings or regulatory penalties under laws protecting the privacy of personal information, disrupt operations, and damage our reputation.

Our operations require experienced, professional staff. Loss of a substantial number of such persons or an inability to provide properly equipped places for them to work may, by disrupting our operations, adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and business prospects. In addition, our property and business interruption insurance may not be adequate to compensate us for all losses, failures or breaches that may occur.

Technology failures and disruptions, including failures to properly safeguard confidential information, can significantly constrain our operations and result in significant time and expense to remediate, which could result in a material adverse effect on our results of operations and business prospects.

We are highly dependent on software and related technologies throughout our business, including both proprietary systems and those provided by third-party vendors. We use our technology to, among other things, obtain securities pricing information, process client transactions, store and maintain data, and provide reports and other services to our clients. Despite our protective measures, including measures designed to effectively secure information through system security technology and established and tested business continuity plans, we may still experience system delays and interruptions as a result of natural disasters, hardware failures, software defects, power outages, acts of war and third-party failures. We cannot predict with certainty all of the adverse effects that could result from our failure, or the failure of a third party, to efficiently address and resolve these delays and interruptions. These adverse effects could include the inability to perform critical business functions or failure to comply with financial reporting and other regulatory requirements, which could lead to loss of client confidence, reputational damage, exposure to disciplinary action and liability to our clients.

Many of the software applications that we use in our business are licensed from, and supported, upgraded and maintained by, third-party vendors. A suspension or termination of certain of these licenses or the related support, upgrades and maintenance could cause temporary system delays or interruption. Additionally, technology rapidly evolves and we cannot guarantee that our competitors may not implement more advanced technology platforms for their products and services, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage and adversely affect our results of operations and business prospects.

Also, we could be subject to losses if we fail to properly safeguard sensitive and confidential information. As part of our normal operations, we maintain and transmit confidential information about our clients as well as proprietary information relating to our business operations. Although we take protective measures, our systems still could be vulnerable to cyber attack or other

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forms of unauthorized access (including computer viruses) that have a security impact, such as an authorized employee or vendor inadvertently or intentionally causing us to release confidential or proprietary information. Such disclosure could, among other things, allow competitors access to our proprietary business information and require significant time and expense to investigate and remediate the breach. Moreover, loss of confidential client information could harm our reputation and subject us to liability under laws that protect confidential personal data, resulting in increased costs or loss of revenues.

Any significant security breach of our information and cyber security infrastructure may significantly harm our operations and reputation.

It is critical that we ensure the continuity and effectiveness of our information and cyber security infrastructure, policies, procedures and capabilities to protect our computer and telecommunications systems and the data that reside on or are transmitted through them and contracted third-party systems. Although we take protective measures, including measures to effectively secure information through system security technology, our technology systems may still be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other events that have a security impact, such as an external attack by one or more cyber criminals (including phishing attacks attempting to obtain confidential information and ransomware attacks attempting to block access to a computer system until a sum of money is paid), which could materially harm our operations and reputation. Additionally, while we take precautions to password protect and encrypt our laptops and sensitive information on our other mobile electronic devices, if such devices are stolen, misplaced or left unattended, they may become vulnerable to hacking or other unauthorized use, creating a possible security risk and resulting in potentially costly actions by us.

Our own operational failures or those of third parties on which we rely, including failures arising out of human error, could disrupt our business, damage our reputation and reduce our revenues.

Weaknesses or failures in our internal processes or systems could lead to disruption of our operations, liability to clients, exposure to disciplinary action or harm to our reputation. Our business is highly dependent on our ability to process, on a daily basis, large numbers of transactions, many of which are highly complex, across numerous and diverse markets. These transactions generally must comply with client investment guidelines, as well as stringent legal and regulatory standards.

Our obligations to clients require us to exercise skill, care and prudence in performing our services. Despite our employees being highly trained and skilled, the large number of transactions we process makes it highly likely that errors will occasionally occur. If we make a mistake in performing our services that causes financial harm to a client, we have a duty to act promptly to put the client in the position the client would have been in had we not made the error. The occurrence of mistakes, particularly significant ones, can have a material adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations and business prospects.

Our insurance policies may be insufficient to protect us against large losses.

We can make no assurance that a claim or claims will be covered by our insurance policies or, if covered, will not exceed the limits of available insurance coverage, or that our insurers will remain solvent and meet their obligations.

Our business is subject to pervasive, complex and continuously evolving global regulation, compliance with which involves substantial expenditures of time and money, and violation of which may result in material adverse consequences.

Virtually all aspects of our business are subject to federal and state laws and regulations, rules of securities regulators and exchanges, and laws and regulations in the foreign jurisdictions in which our subsidiaries conduct business. If we violate these laws or regulations, we could be subject to civil liability, criminal liability or sanction, including restriction or revocation of our and our subsidiaries’ professional licenses or registrations, revocation of the licenses of our employees, censures, fines, or temporary suspension or permanent bar from conducting business. Any such liability or sanction could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and business prospects. A regulatory proceeding, even if it does not result in a finding of wrongdoing or sanction, could require substantial expenditures of time and money and could potentially damage our reputation.

In recent years, global regulators have substantially increased their oversight of financial services. Some of the newly-adopted and proposed regulations are focused on investment management services. Others, while more broadly focused, nonetheless impact our business. Moreover, the adoption of new laws, regulations or standards and changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws, regulations or standards have directly affected, and will continue to affect, our business, including making our efforts to comply more expensive and time-consuming.

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For example, the Financial Supervisory Commission in Taiwan (“FSC”) implemented, as of January 1, 2015, new limits on the degree to which local investors can own an offshore investment product.  While certain exemptions have been available to us, should we not continue to qualify, the FSC’s rules could force some of our local resident investors to redeem their investments in our funds sold in Taiwan (and/or prevent further sales of those funds in Taiwan), some of which funds have local ownership levels substantially above the FSC limits. This could lead to significant declines in our investment advisory and services fees and revenues earned from these funds.

In addition, currently pending regulations in the U.S. and Europe could pose significant challenges to AB, including a regulation issued by the U.S. Department of Labor ("DOL"), which currently is scheduled to apply to our business in April 2017. If the DOL's fiduciary rule goes into effect, it will impose a heightened fiduciary standard on financial advisors who provide investment advice pertaining to retirement assets, including roll-overs of 401(k) balances and investments in individual retirement accounts. Implementation of the DOL's rule may impact how we compensate our financial advisors and the financial intermediaries that sell our investment funds, as well as increase the cost and complexity of our compliance efforts.

In Europe, the second installment of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (“MiFID II”), enactment of which has been delayed until January 1, 2018, makes significant modifications to the manner in which European broker-dealers can be compensated for research. These modifications are recognized in the industry as having the potential to significantly decrease the overall research spend by European buy-side firms. Consequently, our U.K.-based broker-dealer is considering new charging mechanisms for its research in order to minimize this impact as part of its broader MiFID II implementation program.

Also, MiFID II will permit buy-side firms to purchase research through the use of client-funded research payment accounts and the language of the Delegated Act under MiFID II appears to permit the funding of these accounts in a manner that would permit the continued use of traditional commission sharing agreements, which would significantly reduce the financial impact on buy-side and sell-side firms of the MiFID II prohibition on inducements. However, significant operational changes will be required to implement the rule. The ultimate impact of MiFID II on payments for research currently is uncertain.

Lastly, it also is uncertain how regulatory trends will evolve under the current U.S. President's administration and after national elections are held in certain nations abroad during 2017, including France and Germany. In June 2016, a narrow majority of voters in a U.K. referendum voted to exit the European Union (“Brexit”), but it remains unclear exactly how the U.K.’s status in relation to the European Union ("EU") will change when it ultimately leaves. Ongoing changes in the EU’s regulatory framework applicable to our business, including Brexit and any other changes in the composition of the EU’s member states, may add further complexity to our global risks and operations.

We are involved in various legal proceedings and regulatory matters and may be involved in such proceedings in the future, any one or combination of which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, financial condition, results of operations and business prospects.

We may be involved in various matters, including regulatory inquiries, administrative proceedings and litigation, some of which allege significant damages, and we may be involved in additional matters in the future. Litigation is subject to significant uncertainties, particularly when plaintiffs allege substantial or indeterminate damages, the litigation is in its early stages, or when the litigation is highly complex or broad in scope.

The financial services industry is intensely competitive.

We compete on the basis of a number of factors, including our investment performance for our clients, our array of investment services, innovation, reputation and price. By having a global presence, we often face competitors with more experience and more established relationships with clients, regulators and industry participants in the relevant market, which could adversely affect our ability to expand. Furthermore, if we are unable to maintain and/or continue to improve our investment performance, our client flows may be adversely affected, which may make it more difficult for us to compete effectively.

Also, increased competition could reduce the demand for our products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and business prospects. For additional information regarding competitive factors, see “Competition” in Item 1.

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Structure-related Risks

The partnership structure of AB Holding and AB limits Unitholders’ abilities to influence the management and operation of AB’s business and is highly likely to prevent a change in control of AB Holding and AB.

The General Partner, as general partner of both AB Holding and AB, generally has the exclusive right and full authority and responsibility to manage, conduct, control and operate their respective businesses, except as otherwise expressly stated in their respective Amended and Restated Agreements of Limited Partnership. AB Holding and AB Unitholders have more limited voting rights on matters affecting AB than do holders of common stock in a corporation. Both Amended and Restated Agreements of Limited Partnership provide that Unitholders do not have any right to vote for directors of the General Partner and that Unitholders only can vote on certain extraordinary matters (including removal of the General Partner under certain extraordinary circumstances). Additionally, the AB Partnership Agreement includes significant restrictions on the transfer of AB Units and provisions that have the practical effect of preventing the removal of the General Partner, which provisions are highly likely to prevent a change in control of AB’s management.

AB Units are illiquid and subject to significant transfer restrictions.

There is no public trading market for AB Units and we do not anticipate that a public trading market will develop. The AB Partnership Agreement restricts our ability to participate in a public trading market or anything substantially equivalent to one by providing that any transfer that may cause AB to be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” (“PTP”) as defined in Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”), shall be deemed void and shall not be recognized by AB. In addition, AB Units are subject to significant restrictions on transfer, such as obtaining the written consent of AXA Equitable and the General Partner pursuant to the AB Partnership Agreement. Generally, neither AXA Equitable nor the General Partner will permit any transfer that it believes would create a risk that AB would be treated as a corporation for tax purposes. AXA Equitable and the General Partner have implemented a transfer program that requires a seller to locate a purchaser and imposes annual volume restrictions on transfers. You may request a copy of the transfer program from our Corporate Secretary (corporate_secretary@abglobal.com). Also, we have filed the transfer program as Exhibit 10.08 to this Form 10-K.

Changes in the partnership structure of AB Holding and AB and/or changes in the tax law governing partnerships would have significant tax ramifications.

AB Holding, having elected under Section 7704(g) of the Code to be subject to a 3.5% federal tax on partnership gross income from the active conduct of a trade or business, is a “grandfathered” PTP for federal income tax purposes. AB Holding is also subject to the 4.0% New York City unincorporated business tax (“UBT”), net of credits for UBT paid by AB. In order to preserve AB Holding’s status as a “grandfathered” PTP for federal income tax purposes, management ensures that AB Holding does not directly or indirectly (through AB) enter into a substantial new line of business. A “new line of business” includes any business that is not closely related to AB’s historical business of providing research and diversified investment management and related services to its clients. A new line of business is “substantial” when a partnership derives more than 15% of its gross income from, or uses more than 15% of its total assets in, the new line of business.

AB is a private partnership for federal income tax purposes and, accordingly, is not subject to federal and state corporate income taxes. However, AB is subject to the 4.0% UBT. Domestic corporate subsidiaries of AB, which are subject to federal, state and local income taxes, generally are included in the filing of a consolidated federal income tax return with separate state and local income tax returns being filed. Foreign corporate subsidiaries generally are subject to taxes in the foreign jurisdiction where they are located. If our business increasingly operates in countries other than the U.S., AB’s effective tax rate will increase over time because our international subsidiaries are subject to corporate taxes in the jurisdictions where they are located.

In order to preserve AB’s status as a private partnership for federal income tax purposes, AB Units must not be considered publicly traded. If such units were to be considered readily tradable, AB would be subject to federal and state corporate income tax on its net income. Furthermore, as noted above, should AB enter into a substantial new line of business, AB Holding, by virtue of its ownership of AB, would lose its status as a grandfathered PTP and would become subject to corporate income tax as set forth above. For information about the significant restrictions on transfer of AB Units, see the risk factor immediately above.

In addition, recent decisions by members of Congress and their staffs regarding the need for fundamental tax reform and possible tax law changes to raise additional revenue have included suggestions that all large partnerships (which would include both AB and AB Holding) should be taxed as corporations and that a process should be implemented to address repatriating the

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non-U.S. earnings of U.S. companies. We cannot predict whether, or in what form, tax legislation will be proposed in the future and are unable to determine what effect any new legislation might have on us. If our subsidiaries' non-U.S. earnings are repatriated to the U.S. at unfavorable tax rates, our tax liability may increase substantially. Furthermore, if AB Holding and AB were to lose their federal tax status as partnerships, they would be subject to corporate income tax, which would reduce materially their net income and quarterly distributions to Unitholders.

If, pursuant to the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 ("2015 Act"), any audit by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") of our income tax returns for any fiscal year beginning after December 31, 2017 results in any adjustments, the IRS may collect any resulting taxes, including any applicable penalties and interest, directly from us, in which case our net income and the cash available for quarterly Unitholder distributions may be substantially reduced.

Although the IRS, under current law, generally determines tax adjustments at the partnership level when it audits the income tax return of a partnership, the IRS is required to collect any additional taxes, interest and penalties from the partnership's individual partners. The 2015 Act modifies this procedure for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2017.

Generally, we will have the ability to collect tax liability from our Unitholders in accordance with their percentage interests during the year under audit, but there can be no assurance that we will elect to do so or be able to do so under all circumstances.  If we do not collect such tax liability from our Unitholders in accordance with their percentage interests in the tax year under audit, our net income and the available cash for quarterly distributions to current Unitholders may be substantially reduced. Accordingly, our current Unitholders may bear some or all of the tax liability resulting from such audit adjustment, even if such Unitholders did not own Units during the tax year under audit.

Further guidance from the IRS is expected, which may significantly impact the application of these rules. 

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Item 1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments

We have no unresolved comments from the staff of the SEC to report.

Item 2.    Properties

Our principal executive offices located at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York are occupied pursuant to a lease expiring in 2024. At this location, we currently lease 992,043 square feet of space, within which we currently occupy approximately 600,060 square feet of space and have sub-let approximately 391,983 square feet of space. We also lease space at two other locations in New York City; we acquired one of these leases in connection with the WPS Acquisition.

In addition, we lease approximately 263,083 square feet of space at One North Lexington, White Plains, New York under a lease expiring in 2021 with options to extend to 2031. At this location, we currently occupy approximately 69,013 square feet of space and have sub-let (or are seeking to sub-let) approximately 194,070 square feet of space.

We also lease 92,067 square feet of space in San Antonio, Texas under a lease expiring in 2019 with options to extend to 2029.  At this location, we currently occupy approximately 59,004 square feet of space and have sub-let approximately 33,063 square feet of space.

In addition, we lease space in 19 other cities in the United States.

Our subsidiaries lease space in 27 cities outside the United States, the most significant of which are in London, England, under a lease expiring in 2022, and in Tokyo, Japan, under a lease expiring in 2018. In London, we currently lease 65,488 square feet of space, within which we currently occupy approximately 54,746 square feet of space and have sub-let approximately 10,742 square feet of space. In Tokyo, we currently lease and occupy approximately 34,615 square feet of space.

Item 3.    Legal Proceedings

With respect to all significant litigation matters, we consider the likelihood of a negative outcome. If we determine the likelihood of a negative outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, we record an estimated loss for the expected outcome of the litigation. If the likelihood of a negative outcome is reasonably possible and we are able to determine an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss in excess of amounts already accrued, if any, we disclose that fact together with the estimate of the possible loss or range of loss. However, it is often difficult to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss because litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, particularly when plaintiffs allege

substantial or indeterminate damages. Such is also the case when the litigation is in its early stages or when the litigation is highly complex or broad in scope. In these cases, we disclose that we are unable to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss.

During the first quarter of 2012, we received a legal letter of claim (“Letter of Claim”) sent on behalf of Philips Pension Trustees Limited and Philips Electronics U.K. Limited (“Philips”), a former pension fund client, alleging that AllianceBernstein Limited (one of our subsidiaries organized in the U.K.) was negligent and failed to meet certain applicable standards of care with respect to the initial investment in, and management of, a £500 million portfolio of U.S. mortgage-backed securities. Philips alleged damages ranging between $177 million and $234 million, plus compound interest on an alleged $125 million of realized losses in the portfolio. On January 2, 2014, Philips filed a claim form in the High Court of Justice in London, England, which formally commenced litigation with respect to the allegations in the Letter of Claim.

By agreement dated November 28, 2016, the terms of which are confidential, this matter was settled. Our contribution to the settlement amount was paid by our relevant insurance carriers.

In addition to the matter discussed immediately above, we may be involved in various other matters, including regulatory inquiries, administrative proceedings and litigation, some of which may allege significant damages.

In management’s opinion, an adequate accrual has been made as of December 31, 2016 to provide for any probable losses regarding any litigation matters for which we can reasonably estimate an amount of loss. It is reasonably possible that we could incur additional losses pertaining to these matters, but currently we cannot estimate any such additional losses.

Management, after consultation with legal counsel, currently believes that the outcome of any individual matter that is pending or threatened, or all of them combined, will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. However, any inquiry, proceeding or litigation has an element of uncertainty; management cannot determine whether further developments relating to any individual matter that is pending or threatened, or all of them combined, will have a material adverse effect on our results of operation, financial condition or liquidity in any future reporting period.

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

26

PART II

Item 5.    Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market for AB Holding Units and AB Units; Cash Distributions

AB Holding Units are listed on the NYSE and trade publicly under the ticker symbol “AB”. There is no established public trading market for AB Units, which are subject to significant restrictions on transfer.  For information about these transfer restrictions, see “Structure-related Risks” in Item 1A.

AB Holding’s principal source of income and cash flow is attributable to its limited partnership interests in AB.

Each of AB Holding and AB distributes on a quarterly basis all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the AB Holding Partnership Agreement and the AB Partnership Agreement, respectively, to its Unitholders and the General Partner. For additional information concerning distribution of Available Cash Flow by AB Holding, see Note 2 to AB Holding’s financial statements in Item 8. For additional information concerning distribution of Available Cash Flow by AB, see Note 2 to AB’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

The distributions of Available Cash Flow made by AB and AB Holding during 2016 and 2015 and the high and low sale prices of AB Holding Units reflected on the NYSE composite transaction tape during 2016 and 2015 are as follows:

	Quarters Ended 2016
	December 31		September 30		June 30		March 31		Total
Cash distributions per AB Unit(1)	$	0.73	$	0.51	$	0.46	$	0.45	$	2.15
Cash distributions per AB Holding Unit(1)	$	0.67	$	0.45	$	0.40	$	0.40	$	1.92
AB Holding Unit prices:
High	$	24.10	$	24.69	$	24.65	$	23.98
Low	$	20.75	$	21.29	$	21.49	$	16.11

	Quarters Ended 2015
	December 31		September 30		June 30		March 31		Total
Cash distributions per AB Unit(1)	$	0.56	$	0.50	$	0.54	$	0.51	$	2.11
Cash distributions per AB Holding Unit(1)	$	0.50	$	0.43	$	0.48	$	0.45	$	1.86
AB Holding Unit prices:
High	$	27.70	$	30.07	$	32.74	$	31.00
Low	$	21.23	$	22.00	$	28.79	$	24.04

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Declared and paid during the following quarter.

On December 31, 2016, the closing price of an AB Holding Unit on the NYSE was $23.45 per Unit and there were 911 AB Holding Unitholders of record for approximately 76,000 beneficial owners. On December 31, 2016, there were 394 AB Unitholders of record, and we do not believe there are substantial additional beneficial owners.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

We did not engage in any unregistered sales of our securities during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Each quarter since the third quarter of 2011, AB has implemented plans to repurchase AB Holding Units pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. The plan adopted during the fourth quarter of 2016 expired at the close of business on February 10, 2017.  AB may adopt additional Rule 10b5-1 plans in the future to engage in open-market purchases of AB

27

Holding Units to help fund anticipated obligations under the firm’s incentive compensation award program and for other corporate purposes. For additional information about Rule 10b5-1 plans, see “Units Outstanding” in Item 7.

AB Holding Units bought by us or one of our affiliates during the fourth quarter of 2016 are as follows:

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

	Total Number of AB Holding Units Purchased	Average Price Paid Per AB Holding Unit, net of Commissions		Total Number of AB Holding Units Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of AB Holding Units that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Period
10/1/16-10/31/16(1)(2)	520,702	$	22.14	—	—
11/1/16-11/30/16(2)	737,700	22.49		—	—
12/1/16-12/31/16(1)(2)	3,451,884	22.95		—	—
Total	4,710,286	$	22.79	—	—

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) During the fourth quarter of 2016, we purchased 2,548,730 AB Holding Units from employees to allow them to fulfill statutory withholding tax requirements at the time of distribution of long-term incentive compensation awards.

(2) During the fourth quarter of 2016, we purchased 2,161,556 AB Holding Units on the open market pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan to help fund anticipated obligations under our incentive compensation award program.

AB Units bought by us or one of our affiliates during the fourth quarter of 2016 are as follows:

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 

	Total Number of AB Units Purchased	Average Price Paid Per AB Unit, net of Commissions		Total Number of AB Units Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of AB Units that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Period
10/1/16-10/31/16	—	$	—	—	—
11/1/16-11/30/16	—	—		—	—
12/1/16-12/31/16(1)	660	23.15		—	—
Total	660	$	23.15	—	—

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) During December 2016, we purchased 660 AB Units in private transactions.

28

Item 6.    Selected Financial Data

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015(1)			2014(1)			2013(1)			2012(1)
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts and unless otherwise indicated)
INCOME STATEMENT DATA:
Revenues:
Investment advisory and services fees	$	1,933,471		$	1,973,837		$	1,958,250		$	1,849,105		$	1,764,475
Bernstein research services	479,875			493,463			482,538			445,083			413,707
Distribution revenues	384,405			427,156			444,970			465,424			409,488
Dividend and interest income	36,702			24,872			22,322			19,962			21,286
Investment gains (losses)	93,353			3,551			(9,076		)	33,339			29,202
Other revenues	110,096			101,169			108,788			105,058			101,801
Total revenues	3,037,902			3,024,048			3,007,792			2,917,971			2,739,959
Less: interest expense	9,123			3,321			2,426			2,924			3,222
Net revenues	3,028,779			3,020,727			3,005,366			2,915,047			2,736,737
Expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits:
Employee compensation and benefits	1,229,721			1,267,926			1,265,664			1,212,011			1,168,645
Promotion and servicing:
Distribution-related payments	371,607			393,033			413,054			426,824			370,865
Amortization of deferred sales commissions	41,066			49,145			41,508			41,279			40,262
Trade execution, marketing, T&E and other	208,538			223,415			224,576			204,568			198,416
General and administrative:
General and administrative	426,147			431,635			426,960			423,043			507,682
Real estate charges	17,704			998			52			28,424			223,038
Contingent payment arrangements	(20,245		)	(5,441		)	(2,782		)	(10,174		)	682
Interest on borrowings	4,765			3,119			2,797			2,962			3,429
Amortization of intangible assets	26,311			25,798			24,916			21,859			21,353
Total expenses	2,305,614			2,389,628			2,396,745			2,350,796			2,534,372
Operating income	723,165			631,099			608,621			564,251			202,365
Income taxes	28,319			44,797			44,304			40,113			22,407
Net income	694,846			586,302			564,317			524,138			179,958
Net income (loss) of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	21,488			6,375			456			9,746			(315		)
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	673,358		$	579,927		$	563,861		$	514,392		$	180,273
Basic net income per AB Unit	$	2.48		$	2.11		$	2.07		$	1.88		$	0.64
Diluted net income per AB Unit	$	2.47		$	2.10		$	2.07		$	1.87		$	0.64
Operating margin(2)	23.2		%	20.7		%	20.2		%	19.0		%	7.4		%
CASH DISTRIBUTIONS PER AB UNIT(3)	$	2.15		$	2.11		$	2.08		$	1.97		$	1.36
BALANCE SHEET DATA AT PERIOD END:
Total assets	$	8,740,448		$	7,433,721		$	7,375,621		$	7,383,899		$	8,112,458
Debt	$	512,970		$	581,700		$	486,156		$	266,445		$	320,571
Total capital	$	4,068,189		$	4,017,221		$	4,084,840		$	4,045,227		$	3,782,054
ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT AT PERIOD END (in millions)	$	480,201		$	467,440		$	474,027		$	450,411		$	430,017

(1) Certain prior-year amounts have been revised; see Note 2 to AB's financial statements in Item 8 for a discussion of the revision.

(2) Operating income excluding net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests as a percentage of net revenues.

(3) AB is required to distribute all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the AB Partnership Agreement, to its Unitholders and the General Partner. As of the third quarter of 2012, available cash flow is the adjusted diluted net income per unit for the quarter multiplied by the number of units outstanding at the end of the quarter.

29

Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Percentage change figures are calculated using assets under management rounded to the nearest million and financial statement amounts rounded to the nearest thousand.

Executive Overview

Our total assets under management (“AUM”) as of December 31, 2016 were $480.2 billion, up $12.8 billion, or 2.7%, during 2016. The increase was driven by market appreciation of $23.1 billion, offset by net outflows of $9.8 billion (Institutional outflows of $5.4 billion and Retail outflows of $4.8 billion, offset by Private Wealth Management inflows of $0.4 billion).

Institutional AUM increased $3.1 billion, or 1.3%, to $239.3 billion during 2016, primarily due to market appreciation of $9.0 billion, offset by net outflows of $5.4 billion. Gross sales decreased $9.1 billion, or 29.8%, from $30.7 billion in 2015 to $21.6 billion in 2016. Redemptions and terminations decreased $0.7 billion, or 4.1%, from $16.4 billion in 2015 to $15.7 billion in 2016.

Retail AUM increased $5.8 billion, or 3.8%, to $160.2 billion during 2016, primarily due to market appreciation of $10.5 billion, offset by net outflows of $4.8 billion. Gross sales increased $5.4 billion, or 15.1%, from $35.8 billion in 2015 to $41.2 billion in 2016. Redemptions and terminations increased $4.8 billion, or 13.3%, from $36.0 billion in 2015 to $40.8 billion in 2016.

Private Wealth Management AUM increased $3.9 billion, or 5.1%, to $80.7 billion during 2016, primarily due to market appreciation of $3.6 billion and net inflows of $0.4 billion. Gross sales increased $1.3 billion, or 14.0%, from $8.9 billion in 2015 to $10.2 billion in 2016. Redemptions and terminations increased $0.3 billion, or 3.9%, from $9.0 billion in 2015 to $9.3 billion in 2016.

Bernstein Research Services revenue decreased $13.6 million, or 2.8%, in 2016. The decrease primarily was the result of lower market values and volumes in Europe and Asia and the discontinuation of our Equity Capital Market services.

Our 2016 revenues of $3.0 billion were flat compared to the prior year as a result of an $89.8 million increase in investment gains, an $8.9 million increase in other revenues, a $9.0 million increase in performance-based fees and a $6.0 million increase in net dividend and interest income, offset by a $49.4 million decrease in base advisory fees, a $42.8 million decrease in distribution revenues and a $13.6 million decrease in Bernstein Research Services revenue. Our operating expenses of $2.3 billion decreased $84.0 million, or 3.5%, compared to the prior year primarily due to a $44.4 million decrease in promotion and servicing expenses, a $38.2 decrease in employee compensation and benefits expenses, a $14.8 million increase in change in estimates for contingent payment arrangements and a $5.5 million decrease in other general and administrative expenses, partially offset by higher real estate charges of $16.7 million. Our operating income increased $92.1 million, or 14.6%, to $723.2 million from $631.1 million in 2015 and our operating margin increased from 20.7% in 2015 to 23.2% in 2016.

Market Environment

Uncertainties were prevalent during 2016, as global markets reacted to issues that included Great Britain’s vote to exit the European Union, increased regulatory scrutiny in the U.S. and abroad, a mixed outlook for global economic growth, foreign exchange rates and interest rates, negative fixed income performance, and the contentious U.S. Presidential election process. Although U.S. markets rallied following the outcome of the U.S. election and a fourth-quarter U.S. interest rate increase, and related commentary from the Federal Reserve, provided some clarity as to the direction of rates, many issues remain a concern for global investors. Also, active managers continue to struggle to outperform relative to passive, where asset growth and popularity remain undeterred.

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Assets Under Management

Assets under management by distribution channel are as follows: 

	As of December 31,						% Change
	2016		2015		2014		2016-15		2015-14
	(in billions)
Institutions	$	239.3	$	236.2	$	237.0	1.3	%	(0.4	)%
Retail	160.2		154.4		161.5		3.8		(4.4	)
Private Wealth Management	80.7		76.8		75.5		5.1		1.8
Total	$	480.2	$	467.4	$	474.0	2.7		(1.4	)

Assets under management by investment service are as follows:

	As of December 31,						% Change
	2016		2015		2014		2016-15		2015-14
	(in billions)
Equity
Actively Managed	$	111.9	$	110.6	$	112.5	1.2	%	(1.7	)%
Passively Managed (1)	48.1		46.4		50.4		3.6		(8.1	)
Total Equity	160.0		157.0		162.9		1.9		(3.7	)
Fixed Income
Actively Managed
Taxable	220.9		207.4		219.4		6.5		(5.4	)
Tax-exempt	36.9		33.5		31.6		10.2		5.9
	257.8		240.9		251.0		7.0		(4.0	)
Passively Managed (1)	11.1		10.0		10.1		11.1		(1.0	)
Total Fixed Income	268.9		250.9		261.1		7.2		(3.9	)
Other(2)	51.3		59.5		50.0		(13.7	)	19.1
Total	$	480.2	$	467.4	$	474.0	2.7		(1.4	)

(1) Includes index and enhanced index services.

(2) Includes certain multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.

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Changes in assets under management during 2016 and 2015 are as follows:

	Distribution Channel
	Institutions			Retail			Private Wealth Management			Total
	(in billions)
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	236.2		$	154.4		$	76.8		$	467.4
Long-term flows:
Sales/new accounts	21.6			41.2			10.2			73.0
Redemptions/terminations	(15.7		)	(40.8		)	(9.3		)	(65.8		)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends	(11.3		)	(5.2		)	(0.5		)	(17.0		)
Net long-term (outflows) inflows	(5.4		)	(4.8		)	0.4			(9.8		)
Transfers	—			0.1			(0.1		)	—
Acquisition	2.5			—			—			2.5
AUM adjustment(3)	(3.0		)	—			—			(3.0		)
Market appreciation	9.0			10.5			3.6			23.1
Net change	3.1			5.8			3.9			12.8
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	239.3		$	160.2		$	80.7		$	480.2
Balance as of December 31, 2014	$	237.0		$	161.5		$	75.5		$	474.0
Long-term flows:
Sales/new accounts	30.7			35.8			8.9			75.4
Redemptions/terminations	(16.4		)	(36.0		)	(9.0		)	(61.4		)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends	(7.4		)	(3.3		)	(0.1		)	(10.8		)
Net long-term inflows (outflows)	6.9			(3.5		)	(0.2		)	3.2
Transfers	(0.3		)	(0.1		)	0.4			—
AUM adjustment(4)	0.1			(0.3		)	0.2			—
Market (depreciation) appreciation	(7.5		)	(3.2		)	0.9			(9.8		)
Net change	(0.8		)	(7.1		)	1.3			(6.6		)
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	236.2		$	154.4		$	76.8		$	467.4

32

	Investment Service
	Equity Actively Managed			Equity Passively Managed(1)			Fixed Income Actively Managed - Taxable			Fixed Income Actively Managed - Tax- Exempt			Fixed Income Passively Managed(1)			Other(2)			Total
	(in billions)
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	110.6		$	46.4		$	207.4		$	33.5		$	10.0		$	59.5		$	467.4
Long-term flows:
Sales/new accounts	14.4			0.5			45.8			8.5			0.2			3.6			73.0
Redemptions/terminations	(19.3		)	(1.0		)	(31.0		)	(5.0		)	(0.6		)	(8.9		)	(65.8		)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends	(2.7		)	(2.0		)	(9.1		)	(0.2		)	1.1			(4.1		)	(17.0		)
Net long-term (outflows) inflows	(7.6		)	(2.5		)	5.7			3.3			0.7			(9.4		)	(9.8		)
Acquisition	—			—			—			—			—			2.5			2.5
AUM adjustment(3)	—			—			—			—			—			(3.0		)	(3.0		)
Market appreciation	8.9			4.2			7.8			0.1			0.4			1.7			23.1
Net change	1.3			1.7			13.5			3.4			1.1			(8.2		)	12.8
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	111.9		$	48.1		$	220.9		$	36.9		$	11.1		$	51.3		$	480.2
Balance as of December 31, 2014	$	112.5		$	50.4		$	219.4		$	31.6		$	10.1		$	50.0		$	474.0
Long-term flows:
Sales/new accounts	18.6			0.9			36.2			5.6			0.6			13.5			75.4
Redemptions/terminations	(17.2		)	(1.5		)	(34.6		)	(4.4		)	(0.5		)	(3.2		)	(61.4		)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends	(3.7		)	(2.5		)	(4.6		)	(0.1		)	(0.1		)	0.2			(10.8		)
Net long-term (outflows) inflows	(2.3		)	(3.1		)	(3.0		)	1.1			—			10.5			3.2
AUM adjustment(4)	0.1			—			—			(0.1		)	—			—			—
Market appreciation (depreciation)	0.3			(0.9		)	(9.0		)	0.9			(0.1		)	(1.0		)	(9.8		)
Net change	(1.9		)	(4.0		)	(12.0		)	1.9			(0.1		)	9.5			(6.6		)
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	110.6		$	46.4		$	207.4		$	33.5		$	10.0		$	59.5		$	467.4

(1) Includes index and enhanced index services.

(2) Includes certain multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.

(3) During the second quarter of 2016, we removed $3.0 billion of Customized Retirement Solutions assets from AUM as our asset management services transitioned to consulting services. In addition, we previously made minor adjustments to reported AUM for reporting methodology changes that do not represent inflows or outflows.

(4) Represents adjustments to reported AUM for reporting methodology changes that do not represent inflows or outflows.

33

Average assets under management by distribution channel and investment service are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,						% Change
	2016		2015		2014		2016-15		2015-14
	(in billions)
Distribution Channel:
Institutions	$	243.4	$	242.9	$	234.3	0.2	%	3.6	%
Retail	157.7		160.6		159.6		(1.8	)	0.6
Private Wealth Management	78.9		77.2		73.6		2.2		4.9
Total	$	480.0	$	480.7	$	467.5	(0.1	)	2.8
Investment Service:
Equity Actively Managed	$	109.4	$	113.2	$	111.2	(3.3	)	1.7
Equity Passively Managed(1)	46.5		49.3		49.6		(5.7	)	(0.6	)
Fixed Income Actively Managed – Taxable	221.5		217.7		219.5		1.8		(0.8	)
Fixed Income Actively Managed – Tax-exempt	36.3		32.6		30.4		11.1		7.2
Fixed Income Passively Managed(1)	11.0		10.1		9.7		8.4		4.1
Other(2)	55.3		57.8		47.1		(4.3	)	22.7
Total	$	480.0	$	480.7	$	467.5	(0.1	)	2.8

(1) Includes index and enhanced index services.

(2) Includes certain multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.

During 2016, our Institutional channel average AUM of $243.4 billion increased $0.5 billion, or 0.2%, compared to 2015, primarily due to our Institutional AUM increasing $3.1 billion, or 1.3%, to $239.3 billion over the last twelve months. The $3.1 billion increase in AUM primarily resulted from market appreciation of $9.0 billion, offset by net outflows of $5.4 billion. During 2015, our Institutional channel average AUM of $242.9 billion increased $8.6 billion, or 3.6%, compared to 2014; however, our Institutional AUM decreased $0.8 billion, or 0.4%, to $236.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $0.8 billion decrease in AUM for 2015 primarily resulted from market depreciation of $7.5 billion, which was concentrated in the third quarter of 2015, offset by net inflows of $6.9 billion, consisting of inflows of $9.7 billion in other and $1.7 billion in fixed income, offset by outflows of $4.5 billion in equity services.

During 2016, our Retail channel average AUM of $157.7 billion decreased $2.9 billion, or 1.8%, compared to 2015; however, our Retail channel AUM increased $5.8 billion, or 3.8%, to $160.2 billion over the last twelve months. The $5.8 billion increase in AUM for 2016 primarily resulted from market appreciation of $10.5 billion, offset by net outflows of $4.8 billion. During 2015, our Retail channel average AUM of $160.6 billion increased $1.0 billion, or 0.6%, compared to 2014; however, our Retail channel AUM decreased $7.1 billion, or 4.4%, to $154.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $7.1 billion decrease in AUM for 2015 primarily resulted from net outflows of $3.5 billion (primarily in fixed income) and market depreciation of $3.2 billion (market depreciation during the third quarter of 2015 was $8.6 billion).

During 2016, our Private Wealth Management channel average AUM of $78.9 billion increased $1.7 billion, or 2.2%, compared to 2015, primarily due to our Private Wealth Management AUM increasing $3.9 billion, or 5.1%, to $80.7 billion over the last twelve months. The $3.9 billion increase in AUM for 2016 primarily resulted from market appreciation of $3.6 billion and net inflows of $0.4 billion. During 2015, our Private Wealth Management channel average AUM of $77.2 billion increased $3.6 billion, or 4.9%, compared to 2014, primarily as a result of our Private Wealth Management AUM increasing $1.3 billion, or 1.8%, to $76.8 billion for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $1.3 billion increase in AUM for 2015 primarily resulted from $0.9 billion in market appreciation (although $3.2 billion of market depreciation occurred in the third quarter of 2015), offset by net outflows of $0.2 billion.

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Absolute investment composite returns, gross of fees, and relative performance as of December 31, 2016 compared to benchmarks for certain representative Institutional equity and fixed income services are as follows:

	1-Year		3-Year		5-Year
Global High Income - Hedged (fixed income)
Absolute return	16.2	%	5.1	%	8.1	%
Relative return (vs. Bloomberg Barclays Global High Yield Index - Hedged)	0.6		(0.5	)	(0.2	)
Global Fixed Income - Hedged (fixed income)
Absolute return	3.1		4.4		3.6
Relative return (vs. JPM GLBL BD)	(0.6	)	(0.1	)	0.2
Global Plus - Hedged (fixed income)
Absolute return	5.9		4.9		4.4
Relative return (vs. Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate Index)	2.0		0.8		0.8
Intermediate Municipal Bonds (fixed income)
Absolute return	0.3		2.5		2.1
Relative return (vs. Lipper Short/Int. Blended Muni Fund Avg)	0.4		0.8		0.6
U.S. Strategic Core Plus (fixed income)
Absolute return	4.7		4.2		3.4
Relative return (vs. Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Index)	2.0		1.2		1.1
Emerging Market Debt (fixed income)
Absolute return	13.9		5.5		5.9
Relative return (vs. JPM EMBI Global/JPM EMBI)	3.7		—		0.5
Emerging Markets Value
Absolute return	15.5		(0.6	)	1.3
Relative return (vs. MSCI EM Index)	4.3		2.0		—
Global Strategic Value
Absolute return	9.4		4.3		11.7
Relative return (vs. MSCI ACWI Index)	1.5		1.1		2.4
U.S. Small & Mid Cap Value
Absolute return	26.0		9.7		17.1
Relative return (vs. Russell 2500 Value Index)	0.8		1.5		2.1
U.S. Strategic Value
Absolute return	12.2		5.7		13.8
Relative return (vs. Russell 1000 Value Index)	(5.2	)	(2.9	)	(1.0	)
U.S. Small Cap Growth
Absolute return	7.7		2.3		12.8
Relative return (vs. Russell 2000 Growth Index)	(3.6	)	(2.7	)	(1.0	)
U.S. Large Cap Growth
Absolute return	3.7		10.1		16.7
Relative return (vs. Russell 1000 Growth Index)	(3.4	)	1.5		2.2
U.S. Small & Mid Cap Growth
Absolute return	5.6		3.2		12.2
Relative return (vs. Russell 2500 Growth  Index)	(4.1	)	(2.3	)	(1.7	)
Concentrated U.S. Growth
Absolute return	7.0		7.6		15.5
Relative return (vs. S&P 500 Index)	(5.0	)	(1.3	)	0.9

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Select U.S. Equity
Absolute return	10.2		8.7		14.8
Relative return (vs. S&P 500 Index)	(1.7	)	(0.1	)	0.1
Strategic Equities (inception June 30, 2012)
Absolute return	10.0		8.9		N/A
Relative return (vs. Russell 3000 Index)	(2.7	)	0.5		N/A
Global Core Equity (inception June 30, 2011)
Absolute return	8.9		3.0		12.4
Relative return (vs. MSCI ACWI Index)	1.0		(0.2	)	3.0

Consolidated Results of Operations

	Years Ended December 31,									% Change
	2016			2015			2014			2016-15		2015-14
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Net revenues	$	3,028,779		$	3,020,727		$	3,005,366		0.3	%	0.5	%
Expenses	2,305,614			2,389,628			2,396,745			(3.5	)	(0.3	)
Operating income	723,165			631,099			608,621			14.6		3.7
Income taxes	28,319			44,797			44,304			(36.8	)	1.1
Net income	694,846			586,302			564,317			18.5		3.9
Net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	21,488			6,375			456			237.1		1,298.0
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	673,358		$	579,927		$	563,861		16.1		2.8
Diluted net income per AB Unit	$	2.47		$	2.10		$	2.07		17.6		1.4
Distributions per AB Unit	$	2.15		$	2.11		$	2.08		1.9		1.4
Operating margin(1)	23.2		%	20.7		%	20.2		%

(1) Operating income excluding net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests as a percentage of net revenues.

Net income attributable to AB Unitholders for the year ended December 31, 2016 increased $93.4 million from the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase is primarily due to (in millions):

Higher investment gains	$	89.8
Lower employee compensation and benefits	38.2
Lower income taxes	16.5
Lower other promotion and servicing expenses	14.9
Lower estimates for contingent payment arrangements	14.8
Higher performance-based fees	9.0
Lower other general and administrative expenses	5.5
Lower base advisory fees	(49.4		)
Higher real estate charges	(16.7		)
Higher net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	(15.1		)
Lower Bernstein Research Services revenue	(13.6		)
Other	(0.5		)
	$	93.4

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Net income attributable to AB Unitholders for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased $16.1 million from the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was primarily due to (in millions):

Higher base advisory fees	$	45.1
2015 investment gains compared to 2014 investment losses	12.6
Higher Bernstein Research Services revenues	10.9
Lower performance-based fees	(29.5		)
Lower other revenues	(7.6		)
Higher net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	(5.9		)
Higher general and administrative expenses	(5.6		)
Other	(3.9		)
	$	16.1

Revision

During the third quarter of 2016, management determined that the frequency with which we settled our U.S. inter-company payable balances with foreign subsidiaries over the past several years created deemed dividends under Section 956 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended ("Section 956"). In the past, we funded our foreign subsidiaries as they required cash for their operations rather than pre-fund them each quarter, thereby reducing the inter-company balance to zero on a quarterly basis, as required by Section 956. As a result, we have been understating our income tax provision and income tax liability since 2010. In regard to our revision of previously issued financial statements, we recorded a cumulative adjustment to our January 1, 2012 partners' capital account and revised our consolidated statements of financial condition and consolidated statements of income from 2012 through the second quarter of 2016. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 for further discussion.

Real Estate Charges

During 2010, we performed a comprehensive review of our real estate requirements in New York in connection with our workforce reductions, which commenced in 2008. As a result, during 2010 we decided to sub-lease over 380,000 square feet in New York (all of this space has been sublet) and consolidate our New York-based employees into two office locations from three. During the third quarter of 2012, in an effort to further reduce our global real estate footprint, we completed a comprehensive review of our worldwide office locations and began implementing a global space consolidation plan. As a result, we decided to sub-lease approximately 510,000 square feet of office space (all of this space has been sublet), more than 70% of which is New York office space (in addition to the 380,000 square feet space reduction in 2010), with the remainder consisting of office space in England, Australia and various U.S. locations.

During 2014, we recorded pre-tax real estate charges of $0.1 million, comprising $5.5 million for the write-off of leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, offset by $4.7 million from a change in estimates related to previously recorded real estate charges and $0.7 million in credits related to other items.

During 2015, we recorded pre-tax real estate charges of $1.0 million, resulting from a change in estimates related to previously recorded real estate charges.

During 2016, we recorded pre-tax real estate charges of $17.7 million, resulting from new charges of $22.8 million relating to the further consolidation of office space at our New York offices, offset by changes in estimates related to previously recorded real estate charges of $5.1 million, which reflects the shortening of the lease term of our corporate headquarters from 2029 to 2024.

Units Outstanding

Each quarter, we consider whether to implement a plan to repurchase AB Holding Units pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). A Rule 10b5-1 plan allows a company to repurchase its shares at times when it otherwise might be prevented from doing so because of self-imposed trading blackout periods or because it possesses material non-public information. Each broker we select has the authority under the terms and limitations specified in the plan to repurchase AB Holding Units on our behalf in accordance with the terms of the plan. Repurchases are subject to regulations promulgated by the SEC as well as certain price, market volume and timing constraints specified in the plan. The plan adopted during the fourth quarter of 2016 expired at the close of business on February 10, 2017. We may adopt

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additional Rule 10b5-1 plans in the future to engage in open-market purchases of AB Holding Units to help fund anticipated obligations under our incentive compensation award program and for other corporate purposes.

Cash Distributions

We are required to distribute all of our Available Cash Flow, as defined in the AB Partnership Agreement, to our Unitholders and the General Partner. Available Cash Flow typically is the adjusted diluted net income per unit for the quarter multiplied by the number of general and limited partnership interests at the end of the quarter. In future periods, management anticipates that Available Cash Flow will continue to be based on adjusted diluted net income per unit, unless management determines, with concurrence of the Board of Directors, that one or more non-GAAP adjustments that are made for adjusted net income should not be made with respect to the Available Cash Flow calculation. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 for a description of Available Cash Flow.

Management Operating Metrics

We are providing the non-GAAP measures “adjusted net revenues”, “adjusted operating income” and “adjusted operating margin” because they are the principal operating metrics management uses in evaluating and comparing period-to-period operating performance. Management principally uses these metrics in evaluating performance because they present a clearer picture of our operating performance and allow management to see long-term trends without the distortion primarily caused by long-term incentive compensation-related mark-to-market adjustments, real estate consolidation charges and other adjustment items. Similarly, we believe that these management operating metrics help investors better understand the underlying trends in our results and, accordingly, provide a valuable perspective for investors.

These non-GAAP measures are provided in addition to, and not as substitutes for, net revenues, operating income and operating margin, and they may not be comparable to non-GAAP measures presented by other companies. Management uses both accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP") and non-GAAP measures in evaluating our financial performance. The non-GAAP measures alone may pose limitations because they do not include all of our revenues and expenses.

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	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Net revenues, US GAAP basis	$	3,028,779		$	3,020,727		$	3,005,366
Exclude:
Long-term incentive compensation-related investment losses (gains)	(1,175		)	1,903			(2,184		)
Long-term incentive compensation-related dividends and interest	(1,647		)	(1,938		)	(3,083		)
90% of consolidated venture capital fund investment (gains)	(11,575		)	(7,117		)	(1,165		)
Distribution-related payments	(371,607		)	(393,033		)	(413,054		)
Amortization of deferred sales commissions	(41,066		)	(49,145		)	(41,508		)
Pass-through fees and expenses	(43,808		)	(47,479		)	(38,852		)
Gain on sale of investment carried at cost	(75,273		)	—			—
Impact of consolidated VIEs	(13,314		)	—			—
Adjusted net revenues	$	2,469,314		$	2,523,918		$	2,505,520
Operating income, US GAAP basis	$	723,165		$	631,099		$	608,621
Exclude:
Long-term incentive compensation-related items	720			131			210
Gain on sale of investment carried at cost	(75,273		)	—			—
Real estate charges	17,704			998			52
Acquisition-related expenses	1,057			—			3,448
Contingent payment arrangements	(21,483		)	(7,212		)	(4,375		)
Sub-total of non-GAAP adjustments	(77,275		)	(6,083		)	(665		)
Less: Net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	21,488			6,375			456
Adjusted operating income	$	624,402		$	618,641		$	607,500
Adjusted operating margin	25.3		%	24.5		%	24.2		%

Adjusted operating income for the year ended December 31, 2016 increased $5.8 million, or 0.9%, from the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily due to lower employee compensation expense (excluding the impact of long-term incentive compensation-related items) of $42.1 million, lower promotion and servicing expenses of $14.1 million, higher performance-based fees of $9.1 million and lower general and administrative expenses of $6.9 million, offset by lower investment advisory base fees of $46.4 million, lower Bernstein Research Services revenue of $13.6 million and higher net distribution expenses of $13.1 million. Adjusted operating income for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased $11.1 million, or 1.8%, from the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily due to higher investment advisory base fees of $36.5 million, higher Bernstein Research Services revenue of $10.9 million and lower investment losses of $10.8 million, offset by lower performance-based fees of $29.5 million, higher employee compensation expense (excluding the impact of long-term incentive compensation-related items) of $10.3 million and lower other revenues of $7.6 million.

Adjusted Net Revenues

Adjusted net revenues exclude investment gains and losses and dividends and interest on employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments. In addition, adjusted net revenues offset distribution-related payments to third parties as well as amortization of deferred sales commissions against distribution revenues. We believe offsetting net revenues by distribution-related payments is useful for our investors and other users of our financial statements because such presentation appropriately reflects the nature of these costs as pass-through payments to third parties who perform functions on behalf of our sponsored mutual funds and/or shareholders of these funds. We offset amortization of deferred sales commissions against net revenues because such costs, over time, essentially offset our distribution revenues. We also exclude additional pass-through expenses we incur (primarily through our transfer agency) that are reimbursed and recorded as fees in revenues. These fees do not affect operating income, but they do affect our operating margin. As such, we exclude these fees from adjusted net revenues.

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In addition, in 2015 we excluded 90% of the investment gains and losses of our consolidated venture capital fund attributable to non-controlling interests. Effective January 1, 2016, as a result of adopting a new accounting standard (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8), we account forour consolidated venture capital fund in the same manner as our other consolidated VIEs. We adjust for the revenue impact of consolidating VIEs by eliminating the consolidated VIEs' revenues and including AB's fees from such VIEs and AB's investment gains and losses on its investments in such VIEs that were eliminated in consolidation. Lastly, in the first quarter of 2016 we excluded a realized gain of $75.3 million resulting from the liquidation of an investment in Jasper Wireless Technologies, Inc. ("Jasper"), which was acquired by Cisco Systems, Inc., because it was not part of our core operating results.

Adjusted Operating Income

Adjusted operating income represents operating income on a US GAAP basis excluding (1) the impact on net revenues and compensation expense of the investment gains and losses (as well as the dividends and interest) associated with employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments, (2) the gain on the sale of our investment in Jasper, (3) real estate charges, (4) acquisition-related expenses, (5) the net income or loss of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests, (6) adjustments to contingent payment arrangements, and (7) the impact of consolidated VIEs in 2016.

Prior to 2009, a significant portion of employee compensation was in the form of employee long-term incentive compensation awards that were notionally invested in AB investment services and generally vested over a period of four years. AB economically hedged the exposure to market movements by purchasing and holding these investments on its balance sheet. All such investments had vested as of year-end 2012 and the investments have been delivered to the participants, except for those investments with respect to which the participant elected a long-term deferral. Fluctuation in the value of these investments is recorded within investment gains and losses on the income statement and also impacts compensation expense. Management believes it is useful to reflect the offset achieved from economically hedging the market exposure of these investments in the calculation of adjusted operating income and adjusted operating margin. The non-GAAP measures exclude gains and losses and dividends and interest on employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments included in revenues and compensation expense.

A realized gain on the liquidation of our Jasper investment has been excluded due to its non-recurring nature and because it is not part of our core operating results.

Real estate charges have been excluded because they are not considered part of our core operating results when comparing financial results from period to period and to industry peers.

Acquisition-related expenses have been excluded because they are not considered part of our core operating results when comparing financial results from period to period and to industry peers.

The recording of changes in estimates of the contingent consideration payable with respect to contingent payment arrangements associated with our acquisitions are not considered part of our core operating results and, accordingly, have been excluded.

In regard to 2015 adjusted operating income, most of the net income or loss of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests relates to the 90% limited partner interests held by third parties in our consolidated venture capital fund. We own a 10% limited partner interest in the fund. US GAAP requires us to consolidate the financial results of the fund because we are the general partner and are deemed to have a controlling interest. However, recognizing 100% of the gains or losses in operating income while only retaining 10% is not reflective of our underlying financial results at the operating income level. As a result, we exclude the 90% limited partner interests we do not own from our adjusted operating income. Effective January 1, 2016, our consolidated venture capital fund is included with other consolidated VIEs. Similarly, net income of joint ventures attributable to non-controlling interests, although not significant, is excluded because it does not reflect the economic interest attributable to AB.

Relating to 2016 adjusted operating income, we adjusted for the operating income impact of consolidating certain VIEs (as a result of the adoption of a new accounting standard; see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8) by eliminating the consolidated VIEs' revenues and expenses and including AB's revenues and expenses that were eliminated in consolidation. We also excluded the limited partner interests we do not own.

Adjusted Operating Margin

Adjusted operating margin allows us to monitor our financial performance and efficiency from period to period without the volatility noted above in our discussion of adjusted operating income and to compare our performance to industry peers on a basis that better reflects our performance in our core business. Adjusted operating margin is derived by dividing adjusted operating income by adjusted net revenues.

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Net Revenues

The components of net revenues are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,							% Change
	2016		2015		2014			2016-15		2015-14
	(in thousands)
Investment advisory and services fees:
Institutions:
Base fees	$	403,503	$	421,964	$	410,139		(4.4	)%	2.9	%
Performance-based fees	17,394		12,496		22,967			39.2		(45.6	)
	420,897		434,460		433,106			(3.1	)	0.3
Retail:
Base fees	805,621		847,246		846,418			(4.9	)	0.1
Performance-based fees	3,333		8,807		20,559			(62.2	)	(57.2	)
	808,954		856,053		866,977			(5.5	)	(1.3	)
Private Wealth Management:
Base fees	691,595		680,881		648,457			1.6		5.0
Performance-based fees	12,025		2,443		9,710			392.2		(74.8	)
	703,620		683,324		658,167			3.0		3.8
Total:
Base fees	1,900,719		1,950,091		1,905,014			(2.5	)	2.4
Performance-based fees	32,752		23,746		53,236			37.9		(55.4	)
	1,933,471		1,973,837		1,958,250			(2.0	)	0.8
Bernstein Research Services	479,875		493,463		482,538			(2.8	)	2.3
Distribution revenues	384,405		427,156		444,970			(10.0	)	(4.0	)
Dividend and interest income	36,702		24,872		22,322			47.6		11.4
Investment gains (losses)	93,353		3,551		(9,076		)	n/m		n/m
Other revenues	110,096		101,169		108,788			8.8		(7.0	)
Total revenues	3,037,902		3,024,048		3,007,792			0.5		0.5
Less: Interest expense	9,123		3,321		2,426			174.7		36.9
Net revenues	$	3,028,779	$	3,020,727	$	3,005,366		0.3		0.5

Investment Advisory and Services Fees

Investment advisory and services fees are the largest component of our revenues. These fees generally are calculated as a percentage of the value of AUM as of a specified date, or as a percentage of the value of average AUM for the applicable billing period, and vary with the type of investment service, the size of account and the total amount of assets we manage for a particular client. Accordingly, fee income generally increases or decreases as AUM increase or decrease and is affected by market appreciation or depreciation, the addition of new client accounts or client contributions of additional assets to existing accounts, withdrawals of assets from and termination of client accounts, purchases and redemptions of mutual fund shares, shifts of assets between accounts or products with different fee structures, and acquisitions. Our average basis points realized (investment advisory and services fees divided by average AUM) generally approximate 50 to 110 basis points for actively-managed equity services, 15 to 60 basis points for actively-managed fixed income services and 5 to 20 basis points for passively-managed services. Average basis points realized for other services range from 5 basis points for certain Institutional asset allocation services to over 100 basis points for certain Retail and Private Wealth Management alternative services. The ranges discussed in this paragraph include all-inclusive fee arrangements (covering investment management, trade execution and other services) for our Private Wealth Management clients.

We calculate AUM using established market-based valuation methods and fair valuation (non-observable market) methods. Market-based valuation methods include: last sale/settle prices from an exchange for actively-traded listed equities, options and futures; evaluated bid prices from recognized pricing vendors for fixed income, asset-backed or mortgage-backed issues; mid prices from recognized pricing vendors and brokers for credit default swaps; and quoted bids or spreads from pricing vendors and brokers for other derivative products. Fair valuation methods include: discounted cash flow models, evaluation of assets

41

versus liabilities or any other methodology that is validated and approved by our Valuation Committee (see paragraph immediately below for more information regarding our Valuation Committee). Fair valuation methods are used only where AUM cannot be valued using market-based valuation methods, such as in the case of private equity or illiquid securities.

The Valuation Committee, which is composed of senior officers and employees, is responsible for overseeing the pricing and valuation of all investments held in client and AB portfolios. The Valuation Committee has adopted a Statement of Pricing Policies describing principles and policies that apply to pricing and valuing investments held in these portfolios. We also have a Pricing Group, which reports to the Valuation Committee and is responsible for overseeing the pricing process for all investments.

We sometimes charge our clients performance-based fees. In these situations, we charge a base advisory fee and are eligible to earn an additional performance-based fee or incentive allocation that is calculated as either a percentage of absolute investment results or a percentage of investment results in excess of a stated benchmark over a specified period of time. Some performance-based fees include a high-watermark provision, which generally provides that if a client account underperforms relative to its performance target (whether absolute or relative to a specified benchmark), it must gain back such underperformance before we can collect future performance-based fees. Therefore, if we fail to achieve our performance target for a particular period, we will not earn a performance-based fee for that period and, for accounts with a high-watermark provision, our ability to earn future performance-based fees will be impaired. We are eligible to earn performance-based fees on 7.0%, 4.2% and 0.9% of the assets we manage for institutional clients, private wealth clients and retail clients, respectively (in total, 4.5% of our AUM).

During 2016, as general partner of AllianceBernstein U.S. Real Estate L.P. (“Real Estate Fund”), we received a carried interest distribution of $48.7 million. In accordance with our revenue recognition policies, we did not recognize this carried interest distribution as performance fee revenues, instead recording a deferred revenue liability, because the distribution is subject to claw-back provisions. We will recognize the distribution as revenues when the potential claw-back obligation is mathematically remote, which may not occur until at or near termination of the Real Estate Fund. In addition, we have revenue-sharing arrangements whereby certain employees are entitled to a share of carried interest proceeds distributed by certain funds, including the Real Estate Fund. As such, we distributed $24.0 million of these carried interest proceeds to certain Real Estate Fund employees. We have recorded this payment, which, like our carried interest distribution, is subject to claw-back provisions, as an advance to employees and will recognize it as compensation expense in the period in which the applicable revenue is recognized.

Our investment advisory and services fees decreased by $40.4 million, or 2.0%, in 2016, primarily due to a $49.4 million, or 2.5%, decrease in base fees, which primarily resulted from the impact of a shift in product mix from active equity products into active fixed income products that generally have lower fees. However, our performance-based fees increased $9.0 million from the prior year. Our investment advisory and services fees increased $15.6 million, or 0.8%, in 2015, primarily due to a $45.1 million, or 2.4%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from a 2.8% increase in average AUM. The increase in base fees was partially offset by a $29.5 million, or 55.4%, decrease in performance-based fees. The decrease in performance-based fees primarily resulted from major equity market declines during 2015.

Institutional investment advisory and services fees decreased $13.6 million, or 3.1%, in 2016, primarily due to an $18.5 million, or 4.4%, decrease in base fees. The decrease in base fees resulted from a shift in product mix from active equities into active fixed income products that generally have lower fees. However, performance-based fees increased $4.9 million from the prior year. Institutional investment advisory and services fees increased $1.4 million, or 0.3%, in 2015, primarily due to an $11.8 million, or 2.9%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from a 3.6% increase in average AUM. The increase in base fees was partially offset by a $10.4 million, or 45.6%, decrease in performance-based fees.

Retail investment advisory and services fees decreased $47.1 million, or 5.5%, in 2016, primarily due to a $41.6 million, or 4.9%, decrease in base fees. The decrease in base fees was due to a decrease in average AUM of 1.8% and the impact of a shift in product mix from non-U.S. global fixed income mutual funds, non-U.S. global equity mutual funds and other products to U.S. tax-exempt mutual funds, which generally have lower fees. Additionally, performance-based fees decreased $5.5 million from the prior year. Retail investment advisory and services fees decreased $10.9 million, or 1.3%, in 2015, primarily due to an $11.7 million, or 57.2%, decrease in performance based fees, offset by a $0.8 million, or 0.1%, increase in base fees. Retail average AUM increased 0.6% in 2015.

Private Wealth Management investment advisory and services fees increased $20.3 million, or 3.0%, in 2016, due to an increase in base fees of $10.7 million, or 1.6%, resulting from a 2.2% increase in average AUM and a $9.6 million increase in performance-based fees. Private Wealth Management investment advisory and services fees increased $25.2 million, or 3.8%, in 2015, primarily due to a $32.4 million, or 5.0%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from an increase in average billable AUM of 4.7%. The increase in base fees was partially offset by a $7.2 million decrease in performance-based fees.

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Bernstein Research Services

Bernstein Research Services revenue consists principally of equity commissions received for providing equity research and brokerage-related services to institutional investors.

Revenues from Bernstein Research Services decreased $13.6 million, or 2.8%, in 2016, as a result of lower market values and volumes in Europe and Asia and the discontinuation of our Equity Capital Market services. Revenue from Bernstein Research Services increased $10.9 million, or 2.3%, in 2015. The increase was the result of growth in the U.S. and Asia, partially offset by a combination of pricing pressure in Europe and weakness in European currencies compared to the U.S. dollar.

Distribution Revenues

Two of our subsidiaries act as distributors and/or placement agents of company-sponsored mutual funds and receive distribution services fees from certain of those funds as partial reimbursement of the distribution expenses they incur. Period-over-period fluctuations of distribution revenues typically are in line with fluctuations of the corresponding average AUM of these mutual funds.

Distribution revenues decreased $42.8 million, or 10.0%, in 2016, while the corresponding average AUM of these mutual funds decreased 8.0%. Distribution revenues decreased $17.8 million, or 4.0%, in 2015, while the corresponding average AUM of these mutual funds decreased 2.8%.

Dividend and Interest Income and Interest Expense

Dividend and interest income consists primarily of investment income and interest earned on customer margin balances and U.S. Treasury Bills. Interest expense principally reflects interest accrued on cash balances in customers’ brokerage accounts. Dividend and interest income, net of interest expense, increased $6.0 million and $1.7 million, respectively, in 2016 and 2015. The increase in 2016 was primarily due to higher mutual fund dividends of $3.4 million and higher broker-dealer interest income (net of interest expense) of $2.1 million.

Investment Gains (Losses)

Investment gains (losses) consist primarily of realized and unrealized investment gains or losses on: (i) employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments, (ii) investments owned by our consolidated venture capital fund, (iii) U.S. Treasury Bills, (iv) market-making in exchange-traded options and equities, (v) seed capital investments, (vi) derivatives and (vii) investments in our consolidated VIEs. Effective January 1, 2016, upon adoption of a new accounting standard (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8), our consolidated private equity fund investments are included with investments in consolidated VIEs. Investment gains (losses) also include realized gains or losses on the sale of seed capital investments classified as available-for-sale securities and equity in earnings of proprietary investments in limited partnership hedge funds that we sponsor and manage.

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Investment gains (losses) are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Long-term incentive compensation-related investments
Realized gains (losses)	$	1,463		$	3,687		$	3,089
Unrealized gains (losses)	(288		)	(5,589		)	(905		)
Consolidated private equity fund investments
Realized gains (losses)
Non-public investments	—			1,983			—
Public securities	—			(5,500		)	7,052
Unrealized gains (losses)
Non-public investments	—			1,396			5,065
Public securities	—			10,028			(10,822		)
Investments held by consolidated VIEs
Realized gains (losses)	(8,482		)	—			—
Unrealized gains (losses)	31,040			—			—
Seed capital investments
Realized gains (losses)
Seed capital	67,778			23,007			22,336
Derivatives	(15,207		)	11,448			(18,662		)
Unrealized gains (losses)
Seed capital	22,373			(34,830		)	(7,421		)
Derivatives	(311		)	3,724			(615		)
Brokerage-related investments
Realized gains (losses)	(5,057		)	(5,653		)	(9,728		)
Unrealized gains (losses)	44			(150		)	1,535
	$	93,353		$	3,551		$	(9,076	)

During the first quarter of 2016, we sold our investment in Jasper, a company in which we owned a 7.6% equity interest. We expect to receive a total of $85.5 million in cash, subject to final transaction costs and working capital adjustments. During March 2016, the transaction closed and we received $74.8 million in cash, recorded a $10.7 million receivable for the balance retained in escrow for 18 months and recorded an investment gain of $75.3 million.

Other Revenues

Other revenues consist of fees earned for transfer agency services provided to company-sponsored mutual funds, fees earned for administration and recordkeeping services provided to company-sponsored mutual funds and the general accounts of AXA and its subsidiaries, and other miscellaneous revenues. Other revenues increased $8.9 million, or 8.8%, in 2016, primarily due to the recording of other revenues related to our consolidated VIEs in the current year, offset by lower shareholder servicing fees. Other revenues decreased $7.6 million, or 7.0%, in 2015 primarily due to lower shareholder servicing fees and mutual fund reimbursements.

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Expenses

The components of expenses are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,									% Change
	2016			2015			2014			2016-15		2015-14
	(in thousands)
Employee compensation and benefits	$	1,229,721		$	1,267,926		$	1,265,664		(3.0	)%	0.2	%
Promotion and servicing:
Distribution-related payments	371,607			393,033			413,054			(5.5	)	(4.8	)
Amortization of deferred sales commissions	41,066			49,145			41,508			(16.4	)	18.4
Trade execution, marketing, T&E and other	208,538			223,415			224,576			(6.7	)	(0.5	)
	621,211			665,593			679,138			(6.7	)	(2.0	)
General and administrative:
General and administrative	426,147			431,635			426,960			(1.3	)	1.1
Real estate charges	17,704			998			52			n/m		n/m
	443,851			432,633			427,012			2.6		1.3
Contingent payment arrangements	(20,245		)	(5,441		)	(2,782		)	272.1		95.6
Interest	4,765			3,119			2,797			52.8		11.5
Amortization of intangible assets	26,311			25,798			24,916			2.0		3.5
Total	$	2,305,614		$	2,389,628		$	2,396,745		(3.5	)	(0.3	)

Employee Compensation and Benefits

Employee compensation and benefits consist of base compensation (including salaries and severance), annual short-term incentive compensation awards (cash bonuses), annual long-term incentive compensation awards, commissions, fringe benefits and other employment costs (including recruitment, training, temporary help and meals).

Compensation expense as a percentage of net revenues was 40.6%, 42.0% and 42.1% for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Compensation expense generally is determined on a discretionary basis and is primarily a function of our firm’s current-year financial performance. The amounts of incentive compensation we award are designed to motivate, reward and retain top talent while aligning our executives' interests with the interests of our Unitholders. Senior management, with the approval of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of AllianceBernstein Corporation (“Compensation Committee”), periodically confirms that the appropriate metric to consider in determining the amount of incentive compensation is the ratio of adjusted employee compensation and benefits expense to adjusted net revenues. Adjusted net revenues used in the adjusted compensation ratio are the same as the adjusted net revenues presented as a non-GAAP measure (discussed earlier in this Item 7). Adjusted employee compensation and benefits expense is total employee compensation and benefits expense minus other employment costs such as recruitment, training, temporary help and meals (which were 1.1%, 1.3% and 1.2% of adjusted net revenues for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively), and excludes the impact of mark-to-market vesting expense, as well as dividends and interest expense, associated with employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments. Senior management, with the approval of the Compensation Committee, has established as an objective that adjusted employee compensation and benefits expense generally should not exceed 50% of our adjusted net revenues, except in unexpected or unusual circumstances. Our ratios of adjusted compensation expense as a percentage of adjusted net revenues were 48.5%, 48.9% and 49.1%, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

In 2016, employee compensation and benefits expense decreased $38.2 million, or 3.0%, primarily due to lower incentive compensation of $33.6 million, lower fringes/other of $8.0 million and lower commissions of $6.4 million, partially offset by higher base compensation of $9.8 million reflecting higher severance costs. In 2015, employee compensation and benefits expense increased $2.3 million, or 0.2%, primarily due to higher base compensation of $16.3 million and fringes/other of $6.0 million, offset by lower commissions of $14.0 million and incentive compensation of $6.0 million.

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Promotion and Servicing

Promotion and servicing expenses include distribution-related payments to financial intermediaries for distribution of AB mutual funds and amortization of deferred sales commissions paid to financial intermediaries for the sale of back-end load shares of AB mutual funds. Also included in this expense category are costs related to travel and entertainment, advertising and promotional materials.

Promotion and servicing expenses decreased $44.4 million, or 6.7%, in 2016. The decrease primarily was due to lower distribution-related payments of $21.4 million, lower amortization of deferred sales commissions of $8.1 million, lower travel and entertainment expenses of $6.3 million, lower marketing expenses of $5.1 million and lower transfer fees of $4.8 million. Promotion and servicing expenses decreased $13.5 million, or 2.0%, in 2015. The decrease primarily was the result of lower distribution-related payments of $20.0 million, lower marketing expenses of $3.2 million and lower travel and entertainment expenses of $1.6 million, offset by higher amortization of deferred sales commissions of $7.6 million and higher trade execution and clearing costs of $3.7 million.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses include portfolio services expenses, technology expenses, professional fees and office-related expenses (occupancy, communications and similar expenses). General and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues were 14.7% (14.1% excluding real estate charges), 14.3% and 14.2% for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. General and administrative expenses increased $11.2 million, or 2.6%, in 2016, primarily due higher real estate charges of $16.7 million, offset by lower professional fees of $6.3 million. General and administrative expenses increased $5.6 million, or 1.3%, in 2015, primarily due to higher portfolio services expenses of $8.5 million and higher technology expenses of $3.6 million, offset by lower office-related expenses of $3.1 million and lower impact of foreign exchange rates of $2.7 million (the result of current year gains compared to prior year losses).

Contingent Payment Arrangements

Contingent payment arrangements reflect changes in estimates of contingent payment liabilities associated with acquisitions in previous periods, as well as accretion expense relating to these liabilities. The credit to operating expenses of $20.2 million in 2016 reflects changes in estimates of contingent consideration payable of $21.5 million relating to our 2013 and 2010 acquisitions, offset by the accretion expense of $1.3 million. The credit to operating expenses of $5.4 million in 2015 reflects changes in estimate of the contingent consideration payable relating to our 2014 and 2010 acquisitions of $7.2 million recorded in the fourth quarter of 2015, offset by the accretion expense of $1.8 million. The credit to operating expenses of $2.8 million in 2014 reflects the change in estimate of the contingent consideration payable relating to a 2010 acquisition of $4.4 million recorded in the fourth quarter of 2014, offset by the accretion expense of $1.6 million.

Income Taxes

AB, a private limited partnership, is not subject to federal or state corporate income taxes, but is subject to a 4.0% New York City unincorporated business tax (“UBT”). Our domestic corporate subsidiaries are subject to federal, state and local income taxes and generally are included in the filing of a consolidated federal income tax return. Separate state and local income tax returns also are filed. Foreign corporate subsidiaries generally are subject to taxes in the jurisdictions where they are located.

Income tax expense decreased $16.5 million, or 36.8%, in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to a lower effective tax rate in the current year of 3.9% compared to 7.1% in 2015, offset by higher pre-tax income. The significant decrease in our effective tax rate was driven by a fourth quarter 2016 change in estimate made to our income tax liability relating to the third quarter 2016 revision to income taxes ($13.3 million) and a reversal of a deferred tax liability relating to foreign translation adjustments ($8.2 million).

Income tax expense increased $0.5 million, or 1.1%, in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to higher pre-tax income, partially offset by a lower effective tax rate in 2015 of 7.1% compared to 7.3% in 2014. The tax rate declined primarily because we generated a greater portion of our income in jurisdictions with lower tax rates.

Net Income (Loss) of Consolidated Entities Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests

Net income (loss) of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests primarily consists of limited partner interests owned by other investors in our consolidated VIEs. In 2016, we had $21.5 million of net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests, primarily due to $20.0 million of gains on investments held by our consolidated VIEs. In 2015, we had $6.4 million of net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests, primarily due to a $7.9 million net investment gain attributable to our consolidated venture capital fund (of which 90% belongs to non-controlling interests) and management fees of $1.2 million.

Capital Resources and Liquidity

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During 2016, net cash provided by operating activities was $1.5 billion, compared to $667.2 million during 2015. The change primarily was due to a significant increase in broker-dealer related payables, net of receivables and segregated U.S. Treasury Bills activity of $403.9 million, the impact of the consolidation of VIEs of $270.3 million and higher seed capital net redemptions, offset by higher net broker-dealer purchases of $104.6 million. During 2015, net cash provided by operating activities was $667.2 million, compared to $630.1 million during 2014. The change primarily was due to lower deferred sales commissions paid of $59.3 million, lower seed capital purchases, offset by lower net broker-dealer redemptions of $54.5 million, a decrease in fees receivable of $40.7 million and higher cash provided by net income of $37.7 million, partially offset by a larger increase in broker-dealer related receivables (net of payables and segregated U.S. Treasury Bills activity) of $160.9 million.

During 2016, net cash used in investing activities was $59.4 million, compared to $26.1 million during 2015. The increase primarily resulted from $20.5 million used to purchase a business and higher purchases of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements of $6.5 million. During 2015, net cash used in investing activities was $26.1 million, compared to $86.2 million during 2014. The decrease primarily resulted from $60.6 million used to purchase a business during 2014.

During 2016, net cash used in financing activities was $1.1 billion, compared to $644.7 million during 2015. The change reflects the repayments of commercial paper in 2016 as compared to issuances of commercial paper in 2015 (impact of $165.9 million), decrease in overdrafts payable of $164.1 million, redemptions of non-controlling interests in consolidated VIEs of $137.4 million and higher repurchases of AB Holding Units of $22.4 million, offset by lower distributions to the General Partner and Unitholders of $60.3 million as a result of lower earnings (distributions on earnings are paid one quarter in arrears). During 2015, net cash used in financing activities was $644.7 million, compared to $478.2 million during 2014. The change reflects lower net issuances of commercial paper of $126.0 million, higher repurchases of AB Holding Units of $123.3 million, higher distributions to the General Partner and Unitholders of $25.5 million as a result of higher earnings (distributions on earnings are paid one quarter in arrears) and lower proceeds from the exercise of options to buy AB Holding Units of $9.7 million, offset by an increase in overdrafts payable of $118.5 million.

As of December 31, 2016, AB had $657.0 million of cash and cash equivalents (excluding cash and cash equivalents of consolidated VIEs), all of which is available for liquidity, but consist primarily of cash on deposit for our broker-dealers to comply with various customer clearing activities and cash held by foreign subsidiaries for which a permanent investment election for U.S. tax purposes is taken. If the cash held at our foreign subsidiaries of $399.6 million, which includes cash on deposit for our foreign broker-dealers, is repatriated to the U.S., we would be required to accrue and pay U.S. income taxes on these funds, based on the unremitted amount. Thru December 31, 2016, we intended to permanently reinvest our historical and 2016 earnings outside the U.S. Effective January 1, 2017, however, we intend to repatriate future earnings outside the U.S., as a result of which we expect our effective tax rate to increase.

Debt and Credit Facilities

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, AB had $513.0 million and $581.7 million, respectively, in commercial paper outstanding with weighted average interest rates of approximately 0.9% and 0.5%, respectively. The commercial paper is short term in nature, and as such, recorded value is estimated to approximate fair value (and considered a Level 2 security in the fair value hierarchy). Average daily borrowings of commercial paper during 2016 and 2015 were $422.9 million and $387.9 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 0.6% and 0.3%, respectively.

AB has a $1.0 billion committed, unsecured senior revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with a group of commercial banks and other lenders, which matures on October 22, 2019. The Credit Facility provides for possible increases in the principal amount by up to an aggregate incremental amount of $250.0 million; any such increase is subject to the consent of the affected lenders. The Credit Facility is available for AB and Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC (“SCB LLC”) business purposes, including the support of AB’s $1.0 billion commercial paper program. Both AB and SCB LLC can draw directly under the Credit Facility and management may draw on the Credit Facility from time to time. AB has agreed to guarantee the obligations of SCB LLC under the Credit Facility.

The Credit Facility contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants, which are customary for facilities of this type, including restrictions on dispositions of assets, restrictions on liens, a minimum interest coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio. As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with these covenants. The Credit Facility also includes customary events of default (with customary grace periods, as applicable), including provisions under which, upon the occurrence of an event of default, all outstanding loans may be accelerated and/or lender’s commitments may be terminated. Also, under such provisions, upon the occurrence of certain insolvency- or bankruptcy-related events of default, all amounts

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payable under the Credit Facility would automatically become immediately due and payable, and the lender’s commitments would automatically terminate.

Amounts under the Credit Facility may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed by us from time to time until the maturity of the facility. Voluntary prepayments and commitment reductions requested by us are permitted at any time without fee (other than customary breakage costs relating to the prepayment of any drawn loans) upon proper notice and subject to a minimum dollar requirement. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum, which will be, at our option, a rate equal to an applicable margin, which is subject to adjustment based on the credit ratings of AB, plus one of the following indexes: London Interbank Offered Rate; a floating base rate; or the Federal Funds rate.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had no amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility. During 2016 and 2015, we did not draw upon the Credit Facility.

On December 1, 2016, AB entered into a $200.0 million, unsecured 364-day senior revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) with a leading international bank and the other lending institutions that may be party thereto. The Revolver is available for AB's and SCB LLC's business purposes, including the provision of additional liquidity to meet funding requirements primarily related to SCB LLC's operations. Both AB and SCB LLC can draw directly under the Revolver and management expects to draw on the Revolver from time to time. AB has agreed to guarantee the obligations of SCB LLC under the Revolver. The Revolver contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants which are identical to those of the Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2016, we had no amounts outstanding under the Revolver and the average daily borrowings for 2016 were $7.3 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 1.6%.

In addition, SCB LLC has four uncommitted lines of credit with four financial institutions. Three of these lines of credit permit us to borrow up to an aggregate of approximately $225.0 million, with AB named as an additional borrower, while one line has no stated limit. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, SCB LLC had no bank loans outstanding. Average daily borrowings of bank loans during 2016 and 2015 were $4.4 million and $3.9 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 1.1% and 1.2%, respectively.

Our financial condition and access to public and private debt markets should provide adequate liquidity for our general business needs. Management believes that cash flow from operations and the issuance of debt and AB Units or AB Holding Units will provide us with the resources we need to meet our financial obligations. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A and “Cautions Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Item 7 for a discussion of credit markets and our ability to renew our credit facilities at expiration.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations

Guarantees

Under various circumstances, AB guarantees the obligations of its consolidated subsidiaries.

AB maintains guarantees in connection with the Credit Facility and Revolver. If SCB LLC is unable to meet its obligations, AB will pay the obligations when due or on demand. In addition, AB maintains guarantees totaling $425 million for SCB LLC’s four uncommitted lines of credit.

AB maintains a guarantee with a commercial bank, under which we guarantee the obligations in the ordinary course of business of each of SCB LLC, our U.K.-based broker-dealer and our Cayman subsidiary. We also maintain three additional guarantees with other commercial banks under which we guarantee approximately $366 million of obligations for our U.K.-based broker-dealer. In the event that any of these three entities is unable to meet its obligations, AB will pay the obligations when due or on demand.

We also have two smaller guarantees with a commercial bank totaling approximately $2.0 million, under which we guarantee certain obligations in the ordinary course of business of one of our foreign subsidiaries.

We have not been required to perform under any of the above agreements and currently have no liability in connection with these agreements.

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Aggregate Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2016 are as follows:

	Payments Due by Period
	Total		Less than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More than 5 Years
	(in millions)
Commercial paper	$	513.0	$	513.0	$	—	$	—	$	—
Operating leases, net of sublease commitments	641.5		95.0		170.4		151.9		224.2
Funding commitments	32.0		11.4		13.8		2.4		4.4
Accrued compensation and benefits	225.6		136.7		49.3		13.4		26.2
Unrecognized tax benefits	12.6		5.2		4.6		—		2.8
Total	$	1,424.7	$	761.3	$	238.1	$	167.7	$	257.6

During 2009, we entered into a subscription agreement, under which we committed to invest up to $35.0 million, as amended in 2011, in a venture capital fund over a six-year period. As of December 31, 2016, we had funded $33.5 million of this commitment.

During 2010, as general partner of AllianceBernstein U.S. Real Estate L.P. (“Real Estate Fund”), we committed to invest $25.0 million in the Real Estate Fund. As of December 31, 2016, we had funded $20.5 million of this commitment. During 2014, as general partner of AllianceBernstein U.S. Real Estate II L.P. (“Real Estate Fund II”), we committed to invest $28.0 million, as amended in 2015, in the Real Estate Fund II. As of December 31, 2016, we had funded $3.8 million of this commitment.

During 2012, we entered into an investment agreement under which we committed to invest up to $8.0 million in an oil and gas fund over a three-year period. As of December 31, 2016, we had funded $6.2 million of this commitment.

Accrued compensation and benefits amounts in the table above exclude our accrued pension obligation. Offsetting our accrued compensation obligations are long-term incentive compensation-related investments and money market investments we funded totaling $74.4 million, which are included in our consolidated statement of financial condition. Any amounts reflected on the consolidated statement of financial condition as payables (to broker-dealers, brokerage clients and company-sponsored mutual funds) and accounts payable and accrued expenses are excluded from the table above.

We expect to make contributions to our qualified profit sharing plan of approximately $14 million in each of the next four years. We currently estimate that we will contribute $4.0 million to the Retirement Plan during 2017.

Contingencies

See Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for a discussion of our commitments and contingencies.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.

Management believes that the critical accounting policies and estimates discussed below involve significant management judgment due to the sensitivity of the methods and assumptions used.

Goodwill

As of December 31, 2016, we had goodwill of $3.1 billion on the consolidated statement of financial condition. We have determined that AB has only one reporting segment and reporting unit. We test our goodwill annually, as of September 30, for impairment. As of September 30, 2016, the impairment test indicated that goodwill was not impaired. The carrying value of goodwill is also reviewed if facts and circumstances occur that suggest possible impairment, such as significant declines in AUM, revenues, earnings or the price of an AB Holding Unit.

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On an annual basis, or when circumstances warrant, we perform step one of our two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step of the goodwill impairment test is used to identify potential impairment by comparing the fair value of AB, the reporting unit, with its carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not considered to be impaired and the second step of the impairment test is not performed. However, if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit to the aggregated fair values of its individual assets and liabilities to determine the amount of impairment, if any.

AB estimates its fair value under both the market approach and income approach. Under the market approach, the fair value of the reporting unit is based on its unadjusted market valuation (AB Units outstanding multiplied by the price of an AB Holding Unit) and adjusted market valuations assuming a control premium and earnings multiples. The price of a publicly-traded AB Holding Unit serves as a reasonable starting point for valuing an AB Unit because each represents the same fractional interest in our underlying business. Our market approach analysis also includes control premiums, which are based on an analysis of control premiums for relevant recent acquisitions, and comparable industry earnings multiples applied to our earnings forecast. Under the income approach, the fair value of the reporting unit is based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Determining estimated fair value using a discounted cash flow valuation technique consists of applying business growth rate assumptions over the estimated life of the goodwill asset and then discounting the resulting expected cash flows using an estimated weighted average cost of capital of market participants to arrive at a present value amount that approximates fair value.

Real Estate Charges

During 2010 and 2012, we performed comprehensive reviews of our office real estate requirements and determined to consolidate office space and sublease the excess office space. As a result, we recorded real estate charges that reflect the net present value of the difference between the amount of our on-going contractual lease obligations for the vacated floors and our estimate of current market rental rates for such floors. The charges we recorded were based on current assumptions at the time of the charges regarding sublease marketing periods, costs to prepare the properties to market, market rental rates, broker commissions and subtenant allowances/incentives, all of which are factors largely beyond our control. If our assumptions prove to be incorrect, we may need to record additional charges or reduce previously recorded charges. We review the assumptions and estimates we used in recording these charges on a quarterly basis.

Loss Contingencies

Management continuously reviews with legal counsel the status of regulatory matters and pending or threatened litigation. We evaluate the likelihood that a loss contingency exists and record a loss contingency if it is both probable and reasonably estimable as of the date of the financial statements. See Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

Cautions Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements provided by management in this report are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The most significant of these factors include, but are not limited to, the following: the performance of financial markets, the investment performance of sponsored investment products and separately-managed accounts, general economic conditions, industry trends, future acquisitions, integration of acquired companies, competitive conditions and government regulations, including changes in tax regulations and rates and the manner in which the earnings of publicly-traded partnerships are taxed. We caution readers to carefully consider such factors. Further, these forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made; we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements. For further information regarding these forward-looking statements and the factors that could cause actual results to differ, see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A. Any or all of the forward-looking statements that we make in this Form 10-K, other documents we file with or furnish to the SEC, and any other public statements we issue, may turn out to be wrong. It is important to remember that other factors besides those listed in “Risk Factors” and those listed below could also adversely impact our revenues, financial condition, results of operations and business prospects.

The forward-looking statements referred to in the preceding paragraph, most of which directly affect AB but also affect AB Holding because AB Holding’s principal source of income and cash flow is attributable to its investment in AB, include statements regarding:

50

• Our belief that the cash flow AB Holding realizes from its investment in AB will provide AB Holding with the resources it needs to meet its financial obligations: AB Holding’s cash flow is dependent on the quarterly cash distributions it receives from AB. Accordingly, AB Holding’s ability to meet its financial obligations is dependent on AB’s cash flow from its operations, which is subject to the performance of the capital markets and other factors beyond our control.

• Our financial condition and ability to access the public and private capital markets providing adequate liquidity for our general business needs: Our financial condition is dependent on our cash flow from operations, which is subject to the performance of the capital markets, our ability to maintain and grow client assets under management and other factors beyond our control. Our ability to access public and private capital markets on reasonable terms may be limited by adverse market conditions, our firm’s credit ratings, our profitability and changes in government regulations, including tax rates and interest rates.

• The outcome of litigation: Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and excessive damage awards do occur. Though we have stated that we do not expect certain pending legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity, any settlement or judgment with respect to a pending or future legal proceeding could be significant, and could have such an effect.

• The possibility that we will engage in open market purchases of AB Holding Units to help fund anticipated obligations under our incentive compensation award program: The number of AB Holding Units AB may decide to buy in future periods, if any, to help fund incentive compensation awards depends on various factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the fluctuation in the price of an AB Holding Unit (NYSE: AB) and the availability of cash to make these purchases.

• Our determination that adjusted employee compensation expense generally should not exceed 50% of our adjusted net revenues: Aggregate employee compensation reflects employee performance and competitive compensation levels.  Fluctuations in our revenues and/or changes in competitive compensation levels could result in adjusted employee compensation expense exceeding 50% of our adjusted net revenues.

• Our expectation that, as a result of repatriating future non-U.S. earnings, effective January 1, 2017, our effective tax rate will increase: Our effective tax rate fluctuates based on the mix of our earnings across our tax filing group, which includes our U.S. partnership, our U.S. corporate subsidiaries and our corporate subsidiaries operating in various non-U.S. jurisdictions, and the difference between the tax rates in the U.S. and the other jurisdictions where we conduct business.

51

Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market Risk, Risk Management and Derivative Financial Instruments

Our investments consist of trading, available-for-sale investments and other investments. Trading and available-for-sale investments include U.S. Treasury Bills, mutual funds, exchange-traded options and various separately-managed portfolios consisting of equity and fixed income securities. Trading investments are purchased for short-term investment, principally to fund liabilities related to long-term incentive compensation plans and to seed new investment services. Although available-for-sale investments are purchased for long-term investment, the portfolio strategy considers them available-for-sale from time to time due to changes in market interest rates, equity prices and other relevant factors. Other investments include investments in hedge funds we sponsor, our consolidated venture capital fund and other private equity investment vehicles.

We enter into various futures, forwards, swaps and options primarily to economically hedge our seed capital investments. We do not hold any derivatives designated in a formal hedge relationship under ASC 815-10, Derivatives and Hedging. See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

Trading and Non-Trading Market Risk Sensitive Instruments

Investments with Interest Rate Risk—Fair Value

The table below provides our potential exposure with respect to our fixed income investments, measured in terms of fair value, to an immediate 100 basis point increase in interest rates at all maturities from the levels prevailing as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. Such a fluctuation in interest rates is a hypothetical rate scenario used to calibrate potential risk and does not represent our view of future market movements. While these fair value measurements provide a representation of interest rate sensitivity of our investments in fixed income mutual funds and fixed income hedge funds, they are based on our exposures at a particular point in time and may not be representative of future market results. These exposures will change as a result of ongoing changes in investments in response to our assessment of changing market conditions and available investment opportunities:

	As of December 31,
	2016					2015
	Fair Value		Effect of +100 Basis Point Change			Fair Value		Effect of +100 Basis Point Change
	(in thousands)
Fixed Income Investments:
Trading	$	120,529	$	(7,846	)	$	207,730	$	(11,446	)
Available-for-sale	22		(1		)	183		(10		)

52

Investments with Equity Price Risk—Fair Value

Our investments also include investments in equity securities, mutual funds and hedge funds. The following table provides our potential exposure with respect to our equity investments, measured in terms of fair value, to an immediate 10% drop in equity prices from those prevailing as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. A 10% decrease in equity prices is a hypothetical scenario used to calibrate potential risk and does not represent our view of future market movements. While these fair value measurements provide a representation of equity price sensitivity of our investments in equity securities, mutual funds and hedge funds, they are based on our exposures at a particular point in time and may not be representative of future market results. These exposures will change as a result of ongoing portfolio activities in response to our assessment of changing market conditions and available investment opportunities:

	As of December 31,
	2016					2015
	Fair Value		Effect of -10% Equity Price Change			Fair Value		Effect of -10% Equity Price Change
	(in thousands)
Equity Investments:
Trading	$	180,330	$	(18,033	)	$	332,178	$	(33,218	)
Available-for-sale and other investments	163,450		(16,345		)	129,709		(12,971		)

53

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the General Partner and Unitholders of

AllianceBernstein L.P.:

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, change in partners’ capital and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of AllianceBernstein L.P. and its subsidiaries (“AB”) at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under item 15(a) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, AB maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on AB's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

New York, New York

February 14, 2017

54

AllianceBernstein L.P. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

	December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands, except unit amounts)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	656,985		$	541,483
Cash and securities segregated, at fair value (cost $946,093 and $565,264)	946,097			565,274
Receivables, net:
Brokers and dealers	335,686			411,174
Brokerage clients	1,513,656			1,328,406
Fees	270,373			257,091
Investments:
Long-term incentive compensation-related	67,761			78,154
Other	396,570			591,646
Assets of consolidated variable interest entities:
Cash and cash equivalents	337,525			—
Investments	550,850			—
Other assets	44,570			—
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	159,564			160,360
Goodwill	3,066,700			3,044,807
Intangible assets, net	134,606			145,710
Deferred sales commissions, net	63,890			99,070
Other assets	195,615			210,546
Total assets	$	8,740,448		$	7,433,721
LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL
Liabilities:
Payables:
Brokers and dealers	$	239,578		$	191,990
Securities sold not yet purchased	40,944			16,097
Brokerage clients	2,360,481			1,715,096
AB mutual funds	150,939			137,886
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	430,569			507,449
Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities	292,800			—
Accrued compensation and benefits	251,019			253,079
Debt	512,970			581,700
Total liabilities	4,279,300			3,403,297
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 13)
Redeemable non-controlling interest	392,959			13,203
Capital:
General Partner	41,100			40,498
Limited partners: 268,893,534 and 272,301,827 units issued and outstanding	4,154,810			4,091,433
Receivables from affiliates	(12,830		)	(14,498		)
AB Holding Units held for long-term incentive compensation plans	(32,967		)	(29,332		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(118,096		)	(95,353		)
Partners’ capital attributable to AB Unitholders	4,032,017			3,992,748
Non-redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated entities	36,172			24,473

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AllianceBernstein L.P. and Subsidiaries

Total capital	4,068,189		4,017,221
Total liabilities and capital	$	8,740,448	$	7,433,721

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

56

AllianceBernstein L.P. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Revenues:
Investment advisory and services fees	$	1,933,471		$	1,973,837		$	1,958,250
Bernstein research services	479,875			493,463			482,538
Distribution revenues	384,405			427,156			444,970
Dividend and interest income	36,702			24,872			22,322
Investment gains (losses)	93,353			3,551			(9,076		)
Other revenues	110,096			101,169			108,788
Total revenues	3,037,902			3,024,048			3,007,792
Less: Interest expense	9,123			3,321			2,426
Net revenues	3,028,779			3,020,727			3,005,366
Expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits	1,229,721			1,267,926			1,265,664
Promotion and servicing:
Distribution-related payments	371,607			393,033			413,054
Amortization of deferred sales commissions	41,066			49,145			41,508
Trade execution, marketing, T&E and other	208,538			223,415			224,576
General and administrative:
General and administrative	426,147			431,635			426,960
Real estate charges	17,704			998			52
Contingent payment arrangements	(20,245		)	(5,441		)	(2,782		)
Interest on borrowings	4,765			3,119			2,797
Amortization of intangible assets	26,311			25,798			24,916
Total expenses	2,305,614			2,389,628			2,396,745
Operating income	723,165			631,099			608,621
Income tax	28,319			44,797			44,304
Net income	694,846			586,302			564,317
Net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	21,488			6,375			456
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	673,358		$	579,927		$	563,861
Net income per AB Unit:
Basic	$	2.48		$	2.11		$	2.07
Diluted	$	2.47		$	2.10		$	2.07

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AllianceBernstein L.P. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	694,846		$	586,302		$	564,317
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, before reclassification and tax:	(19,849		)	(15,396		)	(20,872		)
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) gains included in net income upon liquidation	(6		)	1,542			—
Foreign currency translation adjustments, before tax	(19,843		)	(16,938		)	(20,872		)
Income tax benefit	—			—			—
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(19,843		)	(16,938		)	(20,872		)
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period	10			(357		)	1,649
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) gains included in net income	(6		)	1,256			19
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on investments	16			(1,613		)	1,630
Income tax (expense) benefit	(7		)	701			(766		)
Unrealized gains (losses on investments, net of tax	9			(912		)	864
Changes in employee benefit related items:
Amortization of prior service cost	93			(895		)	(5,197		)
Recognized actuarial (loss) gain	(3,043		)	3,267			(19,656		)
Changes in employee benefit related items	(2,950		)	2,372			(24,853		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(22		)	(165		)	298
Employee benefit related items, net of tax	(2,972		)	2,207			(24,555		)
Other comprehensive (loss)	(22,806		)	(15,643		)	(44,563		)
Less: Comprehensive income in consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	21,426			6,242			355
Comprehensive income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	650,614		$	564,417		$	519,399

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

58

AllianceBernstein L.P. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Partners’ Capital

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
General Partner’s Capital
Balance, beginning of year	$	40,498		$	41,071		$	40,137
Net income	6,733			5,799			5,639
Cash distributions to General Partner	(5,384		)	(5,986		)	(5,732		)
Long-term incentive compensation plans activity	58			14			92
(Retirement) issuance of AB Units, net	(805		)	(400		)	935
Balance, end of year	41,100			40,498			41,071
Limited Partners' Capital
Balance, beginning of year	4,091,433			4,145,926			4,054,422
Net income	666,625			574,128			558,222
Cash distributions to Unitholders	(532,180		)	(591,886		)	(566,616		)
Long-term incentive compensation plans activity	5,802			1,598			8,929
(Retirement) issuance of AB Units, net	(80,084		)	(40,433		)	90,969
Other	3,214			2,100			—
Balance, end of year	4,154,810			4,091,433			4,145,926
Receivables from Affiliates
Balance, beginning of year	(14,498		)	(16,359		)	(16,542		)
Capital contributions from General Partner	1,200			1,551			2,325
Compensation plan accrual	313			(187		)	(323		)
Capital contributions from (to) AB Holding	155			497			(1,819		)
Balance, end of year	(12,830		)	(14,498		)	(16,359		)
AB Holding Units held for Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans
Balance, beginning of year	(29,332		)	(36,351		)	(39,649		)
Purchases of AB Holding Units to fund long-term compensation plans, net	(235,893		)	(216,970		)	(90,143		)
Retirement (issuance) of AB Units, net	80,515			40,028			(93,457		)
Long-term incentive compensation awards expense	152,012			176,040			176,916
Re-valuation of AB Holding Units held in rabbi trust	(269		)	7,921			9,982
Balance, end of year	(32,967		)	(29,332		)	(36,351		)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance, beginning of year	(95,353		)	(79,843		)	(35,381		)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax	9			(912		)	864
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(19,780		)	(16,805		)	(20,771		)
Changes in employee benefit related items, net of tax	(2,972		)	2,207			(24,555		)
Balance, end of year	(118,096		)	(95,353		)	(79,843		)
Total Partners' Capital attributable to AB Unitholders	4,032,017			3,992,748			4,054,444
Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities
Balance, beginning of year	24,473			30,396			42,240
Net income	11,398			6,375			456
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(63		)	(133		)	(101		)
Distributions from (to) non-controlling interests of our consolidated venture capital fund activities	364			(12,165		)	(12,199		)
Balance, end of year	36,172			24,473			30,396
Total Capital	$	4,068,189		$	4,017,221		$	4,084,840

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

59

AllianceBernstein L.P. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	694,846		$	586,302		$	564,317
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of deferred sales commissions	41,066			49,145			41,508
Non-cash long-term incentive compensation expense	152,162			176,160			176,636
Depreciation and other amortization	59,026			56,426			62,515
Unrealized (gains) losses on investments	(26,285		)	29,281			13,343
Unrealized (gains) on investments of consolidated variable interest entities	(31,040		)	—			—
Losses on real estate asset write-offs	5,456			—			429
Other, net	3,629			(2,888		)	(1,819		)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Consolidation of cash and cash equivalents of consolidated variable interest entities, net	358,534			—			—
(Increase) decrease in segregated cash and securities	(380,823		)	(88,997		)	504,307
(Increase) in receivables	(295,677		)	(121,985		)	(444,536		)
Decrease in investments	162,607			58,053			3,563
(Increase) in investments of consolidated variable interest entities	(320,993		)	—			—
(Increase) in deferred sales commissions	(5,886		)	(29,925		)	(89,224		)
Decrease (increase) in other assets	12,961			(42,690		)	(6,375		)
Increase in other assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities	232,724			—			—
Increase (decrease) in payables	886,520			65,309			(85,226		)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses	2,459			(32,372		)	(58,066		)
(Decrease) in accrued compensation and benefits	(3,238		)	(34,645		)	(51,283		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,548,048			667,174			630,089
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investments	—			(168		)	(492		)
Proceeds from sales of investments	372			4,240			140
Purchases of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements	(36,728		)	(30,217		)	(25,433		)
Proceeds from sales of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements	15			2			176
Purchase of intangible asset	(2,500		)	—			—
Purchase of businesses, net of cash acquired	(20,541		)	—			(60,610		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(59,382		)	(26,143		)	(86,219		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
(Repayment) issuance of commercial paper, net	(72,003		)	93,867			219,818
(Decrease) increase in overdrafts payable	(84,512		)	79,540			(38,967		)
Distributions to General Partner and Unitholders	(537,564		)	(597,872		)	(572,348		)
Capital contributions from (to) non-controlling interests in consolidated entities	364			(12,165		)	(12,199		)
Redemptions of non-controlling interests of consolidated VIEs, net	(137,376		)	—			—
Capital contributions from affiliates	1,000			2,041			511
Payments of contingent payment arrangements/purchase of shares	(1,006		)	(5,027		)	(759		)
Additional investments by AB Holding with proceeds from exercise of compensatory options to buy AB Holding Units	6,108			9,233			18,955
Purchases of AB Holding Units to fund long-term incentive compensation plan awards, net	(235,893		)	(213,484		)	(90,143		)
Purchases of AB Units	(374		)	(805		)	(1,553		)
Other	(22		)	(26		)	(1,546		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,061,278		)	(644,698		)	(478,231		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(10,178		)	(10,353		)	(20,027		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	417,210			(14,020		)	45,612
Cash and cash equivalents as of beginning of the period	577,300			555,503			509,891
Cash and cash equivalents as of end of the period	$	994,510		$	541,483		$	555,503
Cash paid:
Interest paid	$	11,148		$	3,984		$	3,148
Income taxes paid	27,387			25,999			42,028
Non-cash investing activities:
Fair value of assets acquired	33,583			—			87,821
Fair value of liabilities assumed	1,149			—			1,342
Fair value of redeemable non-controlling interest recorded	—			—			16,504
Non-cash financing activities:
Payables recorded under contingent payment arrangements	11,893			—			9,365

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AllianceBernstein L.P. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The words “we” and “our” refer collectively to AllianceBernstein L.P. and its subsidiaries (“AB”), or to their officers and employees. Similarly, the word “company” refers to AB. Cross-references are in italics.

1. Business Description and Organization

We provide research, diversified investment management and related services globally to a broad range of clients. Our principal services include:

• Institutional Services—servicing our institutional clients, including private and public pension plans, foundations and endowments, insurance companies, central banks and governments worldwide, and affiliates such as AXA and its subsidiaries, by means of separately-managed accounts, sub-advisory relationships, structured products, collective investment trusts, mutual funds, hedge funds and other investment vehicles.

• Retail Services—servicing our retail clients, primarily by means of retail mutual funds sponsored by AB or an affiliated company, sub-advisory relationships with mutual funds sponsored by third parties, separately-managed account programs sponsored by financial intermediaries worldwide and other investment vehicles.

• Private Wealth Management Services—servicing our private clients, including high-net-worth individuals and families, trusts and estates, charitable foundations, partnerships, private and family corporations, and other entities, by means of separately-managed accounts, hedge funds, mutual funds and other investment vehicles.

• Bernstein Research Services—servicing institutional investors, such as pension fund, hedge fund and mutual fund managers, seeking high-quality fundamental research, quantitative services and brokerage-related services in equities and listed options.

We also provide distribution, shareholder servicing, transfer agency services and administrative services to the mutual funds we sponsor.

Our high-quality, in-depth research is the foundation of our business. Our research disciplines include economic, fundamental equity, fixed income and quantitative research. In addition, we have experts focused on multi-asset strategies, wealth management and alternative investments.

We provide a broad range of investment services with expertise in:

• Actively-managed equity strategies, with global and regional portfolios across capitalization ranges and investment strategies, including value, growth and core equities;

• Actively-managed traditional and unconstrained fixed income strategies, including taxable and tax-exempt strategies;

• Passive management, including index and enhanced index strategies;

• Alternative investments, including hedge funds, fund of funds and private equity (e.g., direct real estate investing and direct lending); and

• Multi-asset solutions and services, including dynamic asset allocation, customized target-date funds and target-risk funds.

Our services span various investment disciplines, including market capitalization (e.g., large-, mid- and small-cap equities), term (e.g., long-, intermediate- and short-duration debt securities), and geographic location (e.g., U.S., international, global, emerging markets, regional and local), in major markets around the world.

As of December 31, 2016, AXA, a société anonyme organized under the laws of France and the holding company for the AXA Group, a worldwide leader in financial protection, through certain of its subsidiaries (“AXA and its subsidiaries”) owns approximately 1.5% of the issued and outstanding units representing assignments of beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests in AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding Units”).

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As of December 31, 2016, the ownership structure of AB, expressed as a percentage of general and limited partnership interests, is as follows:

AXA and its subsidiaries	63.2	%
AB Holding	35.6
Unaffiliated holders	1.2
	100.0	%

AllianceBernstein Corporation (an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of AXA, “General Partner”) is the general partner of both AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding”) and AB. AllianceBernstein Corporation owns 100,000 general partnership units in AB Holding and a 1% general partnership interest in AB. Including both the general partnership and limited partnership interests in AB Holding and AB, AXA and its subsidiaries had an approximate 63.7% economic interest in AB as of December 31, 2016.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include AB and its majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries, and the consolidated entities that are considered to be variable interest entities ("VIEs") and for which AB is considered the primary beneficiary. Non-controlling interests on the consolidated statements of financial condition includes the portion of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds in which we do not have direct equity ownership. All significant inter-company transactions and balances among the consolidated entities have been eliminated.

Revision

During the third quarter of 2016, management determined that the frequency with which we settle our U.S. inter-company payable balances with foreign subsidiaries over the past several years created deemed dividends under Section 956 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended ("Section 956"). In the past, we funded our foreign subsidiaries as they required cash for their operations rather than pre-fund them each quarter, thereby reducing the inter-company balance to zero on a quarterly basis, as required by Section 956. As a result, we have been understating our income tax provision and income tax liability since 2010. We evaluated the aggregate effects of this error in our income tax provision and income tax liability to our previously issued financial statements in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 99 and No. 108 and, based upon quantitative and qualitative factors, have determined that the error was not material to our previously issued financial statements. However, the cumulative effect of this error would have been material to our third quarter 2016 financial results if recorded as an out-of-period adjustment in the third quarter of 2016. Accordingly, we revised our previously issued financial statements by recording a cumulative debit adjustment of $12.6 million to our January 1, 2012 partners' capital account and revised our consolidated statements of financial condition and consolidated statements of income from 2012 through the second quarter of 2016. We established an income tax liability, including interest and potential penalties, of $34.2 million as of December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the cumulative impact of the revision on partners’ capital in the statement of financial condition was $37.7 million, $31.0 million and $24.5 million, respectively. We revised our income tax provision, net income attributable to AB Unitholders, and basic and diluted net income per AB Unit reported in prior periods in the statements of income. The tables below reflect the revisions to these line items for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 presented in this Form 10-K:

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	Year Ended December 31, 2015
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Revised
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Income taxes	$	38,122	$	6,675		$	44,797
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	586,602		(6,675		)	579,927
Basic net income per AB Unit	2.14		(0.03		)	2.11
Diluted net income per AB Unit	2.13		(0.03		)	2.10

	Year Ended December 31, 2014
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Revised
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Income taxes	$	37,782	$	6,522		$	44,304
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	570,383		(6,522		)	563,861
Basic net income per AB Unit	2.10		(0.03		)	2.07
Diluted net income per AB Unit	2.09		(0.02		)	2.07

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entities Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which requires management to assess, on a quarterly basis, a company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. We adopted this standard on December 31, 2016. The adoption of this standard had no impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Consolidation – Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis ("ASU 2015-02"), which provides a new consolidation standard for evaluating: (i) limited partnerships and similar entities for consolidation, (ii) how decision maker or service provider fees affect the consolidation analysis, (iii) how interest held by related parties affects the consolidation analysis and (iv) how the consolidation analysis applies to certain investment funds. We adopted ASU 2015-02 using the modified retrospective method with an effective adoption date of January 1, 2016, which did not require the restatement of prior-year periods. The adoption of ASU 2015-02 resulted in the consolidation of certain investment funds that were not previously consolidated. These funds became consolidated VIEs because we are considered the party with both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. See Consolidation of VIEs below.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. This standard requires debt issuance costs be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability, consistent with the presentation of a debt discount. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2016 on a retrospective basis, which required the restatement of prior periods. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement: Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent). This standard removes the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value ("NAV") per share practical expedient. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2016 on a retrospective basis, which required the restatement of prior-period disclosures. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendment is effective retrospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017.

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Management currently is evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. We have not yet completed this analysis, but based on the analysis completed to date management does not expect the standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The amendment addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments and is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendment will result in a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption, except for one provision relating to equity securities without readily determinable fair values, which provision will be applied prospectively. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The amendment requires recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the statement of financial condition and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. Specifically, this guidance requires an operating lease lessee to recognize on the statement of financial condition a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. However, for leases with a term of twelve months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2018 and requires lessees to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements using a modified retrospective approach. Management currently is evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-07, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting. The amendment eliminates the current requirement for a retroactive adjustment and instead requires that the investor add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor's previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investment becomes qualified for equity method accounting. Additionally, the amendment requires that an entity that has an available-for-sale equity security that becomes qualified for the equity method of accounting recognize through earnings the unrealized holding gain or loss in accumulated other comprehensive income at the date the investment becomes qualified for use of the equity method. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2016 and should be applied prospectively as of the effective date of increases in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence that result in the adoption of the equity method. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The amendment includes provisions intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements, including income tax effects of share-based payments, minimum statutory tax withholding requirements and forfeitures. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2016 and may be applied using various transition approaches (prospective, retrospective and modified retrospective). The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). The amendment is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017 and should be applied using a retrospective transition method. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results or operations.

Consolidation of VIEs

As discussed above, we adopted ASU 2015-02 effective January 1, 2016.

For legal entities (company-sponsored investment funds) evaluated for consolidation, we first determine whether the fees we receive and the interests we hold qualify as a variable interest in the entity, including an evaluation of fees paid to us as a decision maker or service provider to the entity being evaluated. Fees received by us are not variable interests if (i) the fees are compensation for services provided and are commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services, (ii) the service arrangement includes only terms, conditions or amounts that are customarily present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm’s length, and (iii) our other economic interests in the entity held directly and indirectly through our related parties, as well as economic interests held by related parties under common control, would not absorb more than an insignificant amount of the entity’s losses or receive more than an insignificant amount of the entity’s benefits.

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For those entities in which we have a variable interest, we perform an analysis to determine whether the entity is a VIE by considering whether the entity’s equity investment at risk is insufficient, whether the investors lack decision making rights proportional to their ownership percentage of the entity, and whether the investors lack the obligation to absorb an entity’s expected losses or the right to receive an entity’s expected income.

A VIE must be consolidated by its primary beneficiary, which generally is defined as the party that has a controlling financial interest in the VIE. We are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VIE if we have (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive income from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. For purposes of evaluating (ii) above, fees paid to us as a decision maker or service provider are excluded if the fees are compensation for services provided commensurate with the level of effort required to be performed and the arrangement includes only customary terms, conditions or amounts present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm’s length. The primary beneficiary evaluation generally is performed qualitatively based on all facts and circumstances, as well as quantitatively, as appropriate.

If we have a variable interest in an entity that is determined not to be a VIE, the entity is then evaluated for consolidation under the voting interest entity (“VOE”) model. For limited partnerships and similar entities, we are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VOE, and would be required to consolidate the entity, if we own a majority of the entity’s kick-out rights through voting limited partnership interests and limited partners do not hold substantive participating rights (or other rights that would indicate that we do not control the entity). For entities other than limited partnerships, we are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VOE if we own a majority voting interest in the entity.

The analysis performed regarding the determination of variable interests held, whether entities are VIEs or VOEs, and whether we have a controlling financial interest in such entities requires the exercise of judgment. The analysis is updated continuously as circumstances change or new entities are formed.

As a result of the adoption of ASU 2015-02, effective January 1, 2016, we consolidated three investment funds that were classified as VIEs in which we have a controlling financial interest. Ownership interests not held by us relating to these consolidated VIEs are included in redeemable non-controlling interest on the condensed consolidated statement of financial condition. In addition, effective January 1, 2016, we reclassified our consolidated private equity fund as a consolidated VIE, which had been consolidated as of December 31, 2015 under previous accounting guidance due to our controlling financial interest of a VOE. Ownership interests not held by us relating to this consolidated VIE, which is a closed-end fund, are included in non-controlling interest on the consolidated statement of financial condition.

During 2016, subsequent to the initial adoption of ASU 2015-02, we consolidated six additional investment funds that were classified as VIEs in which we have a controlling interest and deconsolidated a VIE of which we were no longer the primary beneficiary. The table below illustrates the summary balance sheet amounts related to these VIEs at their consolidation dates:

	January 1, 2016		Year Ended December 31, 2016
	ASU 2015-02 Adoption		VIEs Consolidated		VIEs De-consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,817	$	371,457	$	(12,923	)
Investments	215,175		85,381		(125,636		)
Other assets	13,871		23,473		(59,684		)
Total assets	$	264,863	$	480,311	$	(198,243	)
Liabilities	$	14,012	$	41,245	$	(60,332	)
Redeemable non-controlling interest	250,851		394,102		(137,911		)
Partners' capital	—		44,964		—
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and partners' capital	$	264,863	$	480,311	$	(198,243	)

As of December 31, 2016, the net assets of company-sponsored investment products that are non-consolidated VIEs are approximately $43.7 billion, and our maximum risk of loss is our investment of $13.0 million in these VIEs and advisory fee receivables from these VIEs, which are not material.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits, money market accounts, overnight commercial paper and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, the recorded value has been determined to approximate fair value. The majority of our consolidated VIEs' cash and cash equivalents is pledged as collateral for short equities.

Fees Receivable, Net

Fees receivable are shown net of allowances. An allowance for doubtful accounts related to investment advisory and services fees is determined through an analysis of the aging of receivables, assessments of collectability based on historical trends and other qualitative and quantitative factors, including our relationship with the client, the financial health (or ability to pay) of the client, current economic conditions and whether the account is active or closed. The allowance for doubtful accounts is not material to fees receivable.

Brokerage Transactions

Customers’ securities transactions are recorded on a settlement date basis, with related commission income and expenses reported on a trade date basis. Receivables from and payables to clients include amounts due on cash and margin transactions. Securities owned by customers are held as collateral for receivables; such collateral is not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. We have the ability by contract or custom to sell or re-pledge this collateral, and have done so at various times. As of December 31, 2016, there were no re-pledged securities. Principal securities transactions and related expenses are recorded on a trade date basis.

Securities borrowed and securities loaned by our broker-dealer subsidiaries are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced or received in connection with the transaction and are included in receivables from and payables to brokers and dealers in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Securities borrowed transactions require us to deposit cash collateral with the lender. With respect to securities loaned, we receive cash collateral from the borrower. See Note 8 for securities borrowed and loaned amounts recorded in our consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. The initial collateral advanced or received approximates or is greater than the fair value of securities borrowed or loaned. We monitor the fair value of the securities borrowed and loaned on a daily basis and request additional collateral or return excess collateral, as appropriate. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, there is no allowance provision required for the collateral advanced. Income or expense is recognized over the life of the transaction.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $41.7 million and $81.4 million, respectively, of cash on deposit with clearing organizations for trade facilitation purposes. In addition, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we held U.S. Treasury Bills with values totaling $28.9 million and $24.9 million, respectively, in our investment account that are pledged as collateral with clearing organizations. These clearing organizations have the ability by contract or custom to sell or re-pledge this collateral.

Investments

Investments include U.S. Treasury Bills, unconsolidated mutual funds and limited partnership hedge funds we sponsor and manage, various separately-managed portfolios consisting of equity and fixed income securities, exchange-traded options and investments owned by a consolidated venture capital fund in which we own a controlling interest as the general partner and a 10% limited partnership interest.

Investments in U.S. Treasury Bills, mutual funds, and equity and fixed income securities are classified as either trading or available-for-sale securities. Trading investments are stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income. Available-for-sale investments are stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in partners’ capital. Realized gains and losses on the sale of investments are reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income. Average cost is used to determine realized gain or loss on investments sold.

We use the equity method of accounting for investments in limited partnership hedge funds. The equity in earnings of our limited partnership hedge fund investments is reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income.

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The investments owned by our consolidated venture capital fund generally are illiquid and initially are valued at cost. These investments are adjusted to fair value to reflect the occurrence of “significant developments” (i.e., capital transactions or business, economic or market events). Adjustments to fair value are reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income. There are two private equity investments that we own directly outside of our consolidated venture capital fund accounted for at fair value.

See Note 9 for a description of how we measure the fair value of our investments.

Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net

Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of eight years for furniture and three to six years for equipment and software. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the related leases.

Goodwill

In 2000, AB acquired SCB Inc., an investment research and management company formerly known as Sanford C. Bernstein Inc. (“Bernstein”). The Bernstein acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method and the cost of the acquisition was allocated on the basis of the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired, net of liabilities assumed, resulted in the recognition of goodwill of approximately $3.0 billion.

As of December 31, 2016, goodwill of $3.1 billion on the consolidated statement of financial condition included $2.8 billion as a result of the Bernstein acquisition and $266 million in regard to various smaller acquisitions. We have determined that AB has only one reporting segment and reporting unit.

We test our goodwill annually, as of September 30, for impairment. As of September 30, 2016, the impairment test indicated that goodwill was not impaired. We also review the carrying value of goodwill if facts and circumstances occur that suggest possible impairment, such as significant declines in AUM, revenues, earnings or the price of an AB Holding Unit. There were no facts or circumstances occurring in the fourth quarter of 2016 suggesting possible impairment.

Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets consist primarily of costs assigned to acquired investment management contracts of Bernstein based on their estimated fair value at the time of acquisition, less accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are recognized at fair value and generally are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life ranging from six years to 20 years.

As of December 31, 2016, intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, of $134.6 million on the consolidated statement of financial condition consisted of $121.1 million of definite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, of which $77.6 million relates to the Bernstein acquisition, and $13.5 million of indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization in regard to other acquisitions. As of December 31, 2015, intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, of $145.7 million on the consolidated statement of financial condition consisted of $132.2 million of definite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, of which $98.3 million related to the Bernstein acquisition, and $13.5 million of indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization in regard to other acquisitions. The gross carrying amount of definite-lived intangible assets totaled $476.1 million as of December 31, 2016 and $460.8 million as of December 31, 2015, and accumulated amortization was $355.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and $328.6 million as of December 31, 2015. Amortization expense was $26.3 million for 2016, $25.8 million for 2015 and $24.9 million for 2014. Estimated annual amortization expense for each of the next three years is approximately $28 million, then approximately $20 million in year four and $5 million in year five.

We periodically review intangible assets for impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, we perform additional impairment tests to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any.

Deferred Sales Commissions, Net

We pay commissions to financial intermediaries in connection with the sale of shares of open-end company-sponsored mutual funds sold without a front-end sales charge (“back-end load shares”). These commissions are capitalized as deferred sales commissions and amortized over periods not exceeding five and one-half years for U.S. fund shares and four years for Non-U.S. Fund shares, the periods of time during which deferred sales commissions generally are recovered. We recover these commissions from distribution services fees received from those funds and from contingent deferred sales commissions (“CDSC”) received from shareholders of those funds upon the redemption of their shares. CDSC cash recoveries are recorded

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as reductions of unamortized deferred sales commissions when received. Since January 31, 2009, our U.S. mutual funds have not offered back-end load shares to new investors. As of December 31, 2016, our Non-U.S. Funds are no longer offering back-end load shares, except in isolated instances.

We periodically review the deferred sales commission asset for impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If these factors indicate impairment in value, we compare the carrying value to the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset over its remaining life. If we determine the deferred sales commission asset is not fully recoverable, the asset will be deemed impaired and a loss will be recorded in the amount by which the recorded amount of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value. There were no impairment charges recorded during 2016 or 2015.

Loss Contingencies

With respect to all significant litigation matters, we consider the likelihood of a negative outcome. If we determine the likelihood of a negative outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, we record an estimated loss for the expected outcome of the litigation. If the likelihood of a negative outcome is reasonably possible and we are able to determine an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss in excess of amounts already accrued, if any, we disclose that fact together with the estimate of the possible loss or range of loss. However, it is often difficult to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss because litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, particularly when plaintiffs allege substantial or indeterminate damages. Such is also the case when the litigation is in its early stages or when the litigation is highly complex or broad in scope. In these cases, we disclose that we are unable to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss.

Revenue Recognition

We record as revenue investment advisory and services fees, which we generally calculate as a percentage of AUM, as we perform the related services. Certain investment advisory contracts, including those associated with hedge funds or other alternative investments, provide for a performance-based fee, in addition to a base advisory fee, which is calculated as either a percentage of absolute investment results or a percentage of investment results in excess of a stated benchmark over a specified period of time. We record performance-based fees as a component of revenue at the end of each contract’s measurement period.

We calculate AUM using established market-based valuation methods and fair valuation (non-observable market) methods. Market-based valuation methods include: last sale/settle prices from an exchange for actively-traded listed equities, options and futures; evaluated bid prices from recognized pricing vendors for fixed income, asset-backed or mortgage-backed issues; mid prices from recognized pricing vendors and brokers for credit default swaps; and quoted bids or spreads from pricing vendors and brokers for other derivative products. Fair valuation methods include: discounted cash flow models, evaluation of assets versus liabilities or any other methodology that is validated and approved by our Valuation Committee (see paragraph immediately below for additional information about our Valuation Committee). Fair valuation methods are used only where AUM cannot be valued using market-based valuation methods, such as in the case of private equity or illiquid securities.

The Valuation Committee, which consists of senior officers and employees, is responsible for overseeing the pricing and valuation of all investments held in client and AB portfolios. The Valuation Committee has adopted a Statement of Pricing Policies describing principles and policies that apply to pricing and valuing investments held in these portfolios. We also have a Pricing Group, which reports to the Valuation Committee, and is responsible for overseeing the pricing process for all investments.

Bernstein Research Services revenues consist primarily of brokerage commissions for research and brokerage-related services provided to institutional investors. Brokerage commissions earned and related expenses are recorded on a trade-date basis.

Distribution revenues, shareholder servicing fees (included in other revenues), and dividend and interest income are accrued as earned.

Contingent Payment Arrangements

We periodically enter into contingent payment arrangements in connection with our business combinations. In these arrangements, we agree to pay additional consideration to the sellers to the extent that certain performance targets are achieved. We estimate the fair value of these potential future obligations at the time a business combination is consummated and record a liability on our consolidated statements of financial condition. We then accrete the obligation to its expected payment amount over the measurement period. If our expected payment amount subsequently changes, the obligation is modified in the current period resulting in a gain or loss. Both gains and losses resulting from changes to expected payments and the accretion of these

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obligations to their expected payment amounts are reflected within contingent payment arrangements in our consolidated statements of income.

Mutual Fund Underwriting Activities

Purchases and sales of shares of company-sponsored mutual funds in connection with the underwriting activities of our subsidiaries, including related commission income, are recorded on trade date. Receivables from brokers and dealers for sale of shares of company-sponsored mutual funds generally are realized within three business days from trade date, in conjunction with the settlement of the related payables to company-sponsored mutual funds for share purchases. Distribution plan and other promotion and servicing payments are recognized as expense when incurred.

Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans

We maintain several unfunded, non-qualified long-term incentive compensation plans, under which we grant annual awards to employees, generally in the fourth quarter.

Awards granted in December 2016, 2015 and 2014 allowed participants to allocate their awards between restricted AB Holding Units and deferred cash. Participants (except certain members of senior management) generally could allocate up to 50% of their awards to deferred cash, not to exceed a total of $250,000 per award. Each of our employees based outside of the United States (other than expatriates), who received an award of $100,000 or less, could have allocated up to 100% of his or her award to deferred cash. Participants allocated their awards prior to the date on which the Compensation Committee granted awards in December 2016, 2015 and 2014. For these awards, the number of AB Holding Units awarded was based on the closing price of an AB Holding Unit on the grant date. For awards granted in 2016, 2015 and 2014:

• We engage in open-market purchases of AB Holding Units or purchase newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding that are awarded to participants and keep them in a consolidated rabbi trust.

• Quarterly distributions on vested and unvested AB Holding Units are paid currently to participants, regardless of whether or not a long-term deferral election has been made.

• Interest on deferred cash is accrued monthly based on our monthly weighted average cost of funds.

We recognize compensation expense related to equity compensation grants in the financial statements using the fair value method. Fair value of restricted AB Holding Unit awards is the closing price of an AB Holding Unit on the grant date; fair value of options is determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Under the fair value method, compensatory expense is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and is recognized over the required service period. For year-end long-term incentive compensation awards, employees who resign or are terminated without cause may retain their awards, subject to compliance with certain agreements and restrictive covenants set forth in the applicable award agreement, including restrictions on competition and employee and client solicitation, and a claw-back for failing to follow existing risk management policies. Because there is no service requirement, we fully expense these awards on grant date. Most equity replacement, sign-on or similar deferred compensation awards included in separate employment agreements or arrangements include a required service period. Regardless of whether or not the award agreement includes employee service requirements, AB Holding Units typically are delivered to employees ratably over four years, unless the employee has made a long-term deferral election.

Grants of restricted AB Holding Units and options to buy AB Holding Units typically are awarded during the second quarter to members of the Board of Directors of the General Partner, who are not employed by our company or by any of our affiliates (“Eligible Directors”). Restricted AB Holding Units are delivered on the third anniversary of the grant date and the options become exercisable ratably over three years. These restricted AB Holding Units and options are not forfeitable (except if the Eligible Director is terminated for “Cause”, as that term is defined in the applicable award agreement). We fully expense these awards on grant date, as there is no service requirement.

We fund our restricted AB Holding Unit awards either by purchasing AB Holding Units on the open market or purchasing newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding, and then keeping all of these AB Holding Units in a consolidated rabbi trust until delivering them or retiring them. In accordance with the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB (“AB Partnership Agreement”), when AB purchases newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding, AB Holding is required to use the proceeds it receives from AB to purchase the equivalent number of newly-issued AB Units, thus increasing its percentage ownership interest in AB. AB Holding Units held in the consolidated rabbi trust are corporate assets in the name of the trust and are available to the general creditors of AB.

During 2016 and 2015, we purchased 10.5 million and 8.5 million AB Holding Units for $236.6 million and $218.3 million, respectively (on a trade date basis). These amounts reflect open-market purchases of 7.9 million and 5.8 million AB Holding

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Units for $176.1 million and $151.1 million, respectively, with the remainder relating to purchases of AB Holding Units from employees to allow them to fulfill statutory tax withholding requirements at the time of delivery of long-term incentive compensation awards. Purchases of AB Holding Units reflected on the consolidated statements of cash flows are net of AB Holding Units purchased by employees as part of a distribution reinvestment election.

Each quarter, we consider whether to implement a plan to repurchase AB Holding Units pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). A Rule 10b5-1 plan allows a company to repurchase its shares at times when it otherwise might be prevented from doing so because of self-imposed trading blackout periods or because it possesses material non-public information. Each broker we select has the authority under the terms and limitations specified in the plan to repurchase AB Holding Units on our behalf in accordance with the terms of the plan. Repurchases are subject to regulations promulgated by the SEC as well as certain price, market volume and timing constraints specified in the plan. The plan adopted during the fourth quarter of 2016 expired at the close of business on February 10, 2017. We may adopt additional Rule 10b5-1 plans in the future to engage in open-market purchases of AB Holding Units to help fund anticipated obligations under our incentive compensation award program and for other corporate purposes.

During 2016, we granted to employees and Eligible Directors 7.0 million restricted AB Holding Unit awards (including 6.1 million granted in December for 2016 year-end awards to employees). During 2015, we granted to employees and Eligible Directors 7.4 million restricted AB Holding Unit awards (including 7.0 million granted in December for 2015 year-end awards to employees).

During 2016 and 2015, AB Holding issued 0.4 million and 0.5 million AB Holding Units, respectively, upon exercise of options to buy AB Holding Units. AB Holding used the proceeds of $6.1 million and $9.2 million, respectively, received from employees as payment in cash for the exercise price to purchase the equivalent number of newly-issued AB Units.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated from functional currencies into United States dollars (“US$”) at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates, and related revenues and expenses are translated into US$ at average exchange rates in effect during each period. Net foreign currency gains and losses resulting from the translation of assets and liabilities of foreign operations into US$ are reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Net foreign currency transaction gains (losses) were $1.1 million, $1.0 million, and $(1.6) million for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and are reported in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income.

Cash Distributions

AB is required to distribute all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the AB Partnership Agreement, to its Unitholders and to the General Partner. Available Cash Flow can be summarized as the cash flow received by AB from operations minus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be retained by AB for use in its business, or plus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be released from previously retained cash flow.

Typically, Available Cash Flow has been the adjusted diluted net income per unit for the quarter multiplied by the number of general and limited partnership interests at the end of the quarter. In future periods, management anticipates that Available Cash Flow will be based on adjusted diluted net income per unit, unless management determines that one or more non-GAAP adjustments that are made for adjusted net income should not be made with respect to the Available Cash Flow calculation.

On February 14, 2017, the General Partner declared a distribution of $0.73 per AB Unit, representing a distribution of Available Cash Flow for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The General Partner, as a result of its 1% general partnership interest, is entitled to receive 1% of each distribution. The distribution is payable on March 9, 2017 to holders of record on February 24, 2017.

Total cash distributions per Unit paid to the General Partner and Unitholders during 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $1.98, $2.18 and $2.11, respectively.

Comprehensive Income

We report all changes in comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Comprehensive income includes net income, as well as unrealized gains and losses on investments classified as available-for-sale, foreign currency translation adjustments, and unrecognized actuarial net losses and transition assets. Deferred taxes are not recognized on foreign currency translation adjustments for foreign subsidiaries whose earnings are considered permanently invested outside the United States.

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3. Real Estate Charges

During 2010, we performed a comprehensive review of our real estate requirements in New York in connection with our workforce reductions, which commenced in 2008. As a result, during 2010 we decided to sub-lease over 380,000 square feet in New York (all of this space has been sublet) and consolidate our New York-based employees into two office locations from three. During the third quarter of 2012, in an effort to further reduce our global real estate footprint, we completed a comprehensive review of our worldwide office locations and began implementing a global space consolidation plan. As a result, we decided to sub-lease approximately 510,000 square feet of office space (all of this space has been sublet), more than 70% of which is New York office space (in addition to the 380,000 square feet space reduction in 2010), with the remainder consisting of office space in England, Australia and various U.S. locations.

During 2014, we recorded pre-tax real estate charges of $0.1 million, comprising $5.5 million for the write-off of leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment ($5.0 million related to the 2012 plan and $0.5 million related to other real estate charges), offset by $4.7 million from a change in estimates related to previously recorded real estate charges (primarily relating to the 2010 and 2012 plans) and $0.7 million in credits related to other items.

During 2015, we recorded pre-tax real estate charges of $1.0 million, resulting from a change in estimates related to previously recorded real estate charges.

During 2016, we recorded pre-tax real estate charges of $17.7 million, resulting from new charges of $22.8 million relating to the further consolidation of office space at our New York offices, offset by changes in estimates related to previously recorded real estate charges of $5.1 million, which reflects the shortening of the lease term of our corporate headquarters from 2029 to 2024.

The activity in the liability account relating to our 2010 and 2012 office space consolidation initiatives for 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Balance as of January 1,	$	116,064		$	148,429
(Credit) expense incurred	(2,874		)	2,258
Payments made	(25,829		)	(38,920		)
Interest accretion	4,293			4,297
Balance as of end of period	$	91,654		$	116,064

4. Net Income Per Unit

Basic net income per unit is derived by reducing net income for the 1% general partnership interest and dividing the remaining 99% by the basic weighted average number of units outstanding for each year. Diluted net income per unit is derived by reducing net income for the 1% general partnership interest and dividing the remaining 99% by the total of the diluted weighted average number of units outstanding for each year.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	673,358	$	579,927	$	563,861
Weighted average units outstanding—basic	269,084		271,745		269,118
Dilutive effect of compensatory options to buy AB Holding Units	554		1,037		1,148
Weighted average units outstanding—diluted	269,638		272,782		270,266
Basic net income per AB Unit	$	2.48	$	2.11	$	2.07
Diluted net income per AB Unit	$	2.47	$	2.10	$	2.07

For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we excluded 2,873,106, 2,409,499 and 2,806,033 options, respectively, from the diluted net income per unit computation due to their anti-dilutive effect.

5. Cash and Securities Segregated Under Federal Regulations and Other Requirements

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, $0.9 billion and $0.5 billion, respectively, of U.S. Treasury Bills were segregated in a special reserve bank custody account for the exclusive benefit of our brokerage customers under Rule 15c3-3 of the Exchange Act.

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One of our subsidiaries, which serves as the distributor of our U.S. mutual funds, maintains several special bank accounts for the exclusive benefit of customers. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, $52.9 million and $55.4 million, respectively, of cash was segregated in these bank accounts.

6. Investments

Investments consist of:

	December 31,
	2016		2015
	(in thousands)
Available-for-sale	$	45	$	364
Trading:
Long-term incentive compensation-related	50,935		59,150
U.S. Treasury Bills	28,937		24,942
Seed capital	211,279		406,322
Equities	6,602		43,584
Exchange-traded options	3,106		5,910
Investments in limited partnership hedge funds:
Long-term incentive compensation-related	16,826		19,004
Seed capital	23,704		20,082
Consolidated private equity fund	—		23,897
Private equity	45,278		48,761
Investments held by consolidated VIEs	550,850		—
Time deposits	70,097		9,906
Other	7,522		7,878
Total investments	$	1,015,181	$	669,800

Total investments related to long-term incentive compensation obligations of $67.8 million and $78.2 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, consist of company-sponsored mutual funds and hedge funds. For long-term incentive compensation awards granted before 2009, we typically made investments in our services that were notionally elected by plan participants and maintained them (and continue to maintain them) in a consolidated rabbi trust or separate custodial account. The rabbi trust and custodial account enable us to hold such investments separate from our other assets for the purpose of settling our obligations to participants. The investments held in the rabbi trust and custodial account remain available to the general creditors of AB.

The underlying investments of hedge funds in which we invest include long and short positions in equity securities, fixed income securities (including various agency and non-agency asset-based securities), currencies, commodities and derivatives (including various swaps and forward contracts). These investments are valued at quoted market prices or, where quoted market prices are not available, are fair valued based on the pricing policies and procedures of the underlying funds.

U.S. Treasury Bills, the majority of which are pledged as collateral with clearing organizations, are held in our investment account. These clearing organizations have the ability by contract or custom to sell or re-pledge this collateral.

We allocate seed capital to our investment teams to help develop new products and services for our clients. The seed capital trading investments are equity and fixed income products, primarily in the form of separately-managed account portfolios, U.S. mutual funds, Luxembourg funds, Japanese investment trust management funds or Delaware business trusts. We also may allocate seed capital to investments in private equity funds, such as our consolidated venture capital fund, which holds technology, media, telecommunications, healthcare and clean-tech investments, and a third-party venture capital fund that invests in communications, consumer, digital media, healthcare and information technology markets. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, our seed capital investments were $500.0 million and $478.0 million, respectively.

During the first quarter of 2016, we sold a private equity investment in which we owned a 7.6% equity interest. We expect to receive a total of $85.5 million in cash, subject to final transaction costs and working capital adjustments. During March 2016,

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the transaction closed and we received $74.8 million in cash, recorded a $10.7 million receivable for the balance retained in escrow for 18 months and recorded an investment gain of $75.3 million.

Our consolidated venture capital fund, previously consolidated under the voting interest entity model, is considered a consolidated VIE effective January 1, 2016 upon the adoption of ASU 2015-02.

Trading securities also include long positions in corporate equities, an exchange-traded fund and long exchange-traded options traded through our options desk.

The cost and fair value of available-for-sale investments held as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016:
Equity investments	$	23	$	—	$	—		$	23
Fixed income investments	22		2		(2		)	22
	$	45	$	2	$	(2	)	$	45
December 31, 2015:
Equity investments	$	188	$	2	$	(9	)	$	181
Fixed income investments	197		2		(16		)	183
	$	385	$	4	$	(25	)	$	364

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investments were approximately $0.4 million, $4.2 million and $0.1 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Realized gains from our sales of available-for-sale investments were zero in 2016, $1.3 million in 2015 and zero in 2014. Realized losses from our sales of available-for-sale investments were zero in each of 2016, 2015 and 2014. We assess valuation declines to determine the extent to which such declines are fundamental to the underlying investment or attributable to temporary market-related factors. Based on our assessment as of December 31, 2016, we do not believe the declines are other than temporary.

The portion of trading gains (losses) related to trading securities held as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period	$	7,030		$	(27,246	)
Less: net (losses) gains recognized during the period on trading securities sold during the period	(11,294		)	5,812
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on trading securities held	$	18,324		$	(33,058	)

7. Derivative Instruments

We enter into various futures, forwards, options and swaps to economically hedge certain seed capital investments. Also, we have currency forwards that economically hedge certain balance sheet exposures. In addition, our options desk trades long and short exchange-traded equity options. We do not hold any derivatives designated in a formal hedge relationship under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-10, Derivatives and Hedging.

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The notional value, fair value and gains and losses recognized in investment gains (losses) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 for derivative instruments (excluding derivative instruments relating to our options desk trading activities and consolidated VIEs discussed below) not designated as hedging instruments were as follows:

	Notional Value		Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities		Gains (Losses)
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Exchange-traded futures	$	103,108	$	1,224	$	1,092	$	(2,754	)
Currency forwards	180,820		4,541		4,711		(2,028		)
Interest rate swaps	40,664		940		897		(572		)
Credit default swaps	45,108		1,205		905		(1,338		)
Option swaps	—		—		—		(70		)
Total return swaps	90,043		503		1,044		(8,766		)
Total derivatives	$	459,743	$	8,413	$	8,649	$	(15,528	)
December 31, 2015
Exchange-traded futures	$	160,755	$	1,539	$	2,651	$	8,572
Currency forwards	262,873		4,604		4,077		7,445
Interest rate swaps	65,484		2,945		3,745		(443		)
Credit default swaps	29,421		2,089		774		(253		)
Option swaps	24		9		2		11
Total return swaps	146,001		1,402		972		(160		)
Total derivatives	$	664,558	$	12,588	$	12,221	$	15,172

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the derivative assets and liabilities are included in both receivables and payables to brokers and dealers on our consolidated statements of financial condition. Gains and losses on derivative instruments are reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income.

We may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. We minimize our counterparty exposure through a credit review and approval process. In addition, we have executed various collateral arrangements with counterparties to the over-the-counter derivative transactions that require both pledging and accepting collateral in the form of cash. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we held $0.8 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of cash collateral payable to trade counterparties. This obligation to return cash is reported in payables to brokers and dealers in our consolidated statements of financial condition.

Although notional amount is the most commonly used measure of volume in the derivatives market, it is not used as a measure of credit risk. Generally, the current credit exposure of our derivative contracts is limited to the net positive estimated fair value of derivative contracts at the reporting date after taking into consideration the existence of netting agreements and any collateral received. A derivative with positive value (a derivative asset) indicates existence of credit risk because the counterparty would owe us if the contract were closed. Alternatively, a derivative contract with negative value (a derivative liability) indicates we would owe money to the counterparty if the contract were closed. Generally, if there is more than one derivative transaction with a single counterparty, a master netting arrangement exists with respect to derivative transactions with that counterparty to provide for aggregate net settlement.

Certain of our standardized contracts for over-the-counter derivative transactions (“ISDA Master Agreements”) contain credit risk related contingent provisions pertaining to each counterparty's credit rating. In some ISDA Master Agreements, if the counterparty’s credit rating, or in some agreements, our AUM, falls below a specified threshold, either a default or a termination event permitting the counterparty to terminate the ISDA Master Agreement would be triggered. In all agreements that provide for collateralization, various levels of collateralization of net liability positions are applicable, depending on the credit rating of the counterparty. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we delivered $6.2 million and $12.8 million, respectively, of cash collateral into brokerage accounts. We report this cash collateral in cash and cash equivalents in our consolidated statements of financial condition.

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As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we held $3.1 million and $5.9 million, respectively, of long exchange-traded equity options, which are classified as trading investments and included in our other investments on our consolidated statements of financial condition. In addition, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of short exchange-traded equity options, which are included in securities sold not yet purchased on our consolidated statements of financial condition. Our options desk provides our clients with equity derivative strategies and execution for exchange-traded options on single stocks, exchange-traded funds and indices. While predominately agency-based, the options desk may commit capital to facilitate a client's transaction. Our options desk hedges the risk associated with this activity by taking offsetting positions in equities. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, we recognized $27.6 million and $65.0 million, respectively, of losses on equity options activity. These losses are recognized in investment gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income.

As of December 31, 2016, our consolidated VIEs held $2.9 million (net) of futures, forwards and swaps within their portfolios. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized $0.8 million of gains on these derivative positions. These gains are recognized in the investment gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income. As of December 31, 2016, the consolidated VIEs held 0.5 million of cash collateral payable to trade counterparties. This obligation to return cash is reported in the liabilities of consolidated VIEs in our consolidated statements of financial condition. As of December 31, 2016, the consolidated VIEs delivered 3.3 million of cash collateral into brokerage accounts. The consolidated VIEs report this cash collateral in the consolidated VIEs cash and cash equivalents in our consolidated statements of financial condition.

8. Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

Offsetting of assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows:

	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Financial Instruments		Collateral Received			Net Amount
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Securities borrowed	$	82,814	$	—	$	82,814	$	—	$	(82,814	)	$	—
Derivatives	$	8,413	$	—	$	8,413	$	—	$	(810	)	$	7,603
Derivatives held by consolidated VIEs	$	4,997	$	—	$	4,997	$	—	$	(461	)	$	4,536
Long exchange-traded options	$	3,106	$	—	$	3,106	$	—	$	—		$	3,106
December 31, 2015
Securities borrowed	$	75,274	$	—	$	75,274	$	—	$	(75,274	)	$	—
Derivatives	$	12,588	$	—	$	12,588	$	—	$	(1,518	)	$	11,070
Long exchange-traded options	$	5,910	$	—	$	5,910	$	—	$	—		$	5,910

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Offsetting of liabilities as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows:

	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Financial Instruments		Collateral Pledged			Net Amount
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Securities loaned	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
Derivatives	$	8,649	$	—	$	8,649	$	—	$	(6,239	)	$	2,410
Derivatives held by consolidated VIEs	$	2,081	$	—	$	2,081	$	—	$	(2,081	)	$	—
Short exchange-traded options	$	692	$	—	$	692	$	—	$	—		$	692
December 31, 2015
Securities loaned	$	9,518	$	—	$	9,518	$	—	$	(9,518	)	$	—
Derivatives	$	12,221	$	—	$	12,221	$	—	$	(12,221	)	$	—
Short exchange-traded options	$	843	$	—	$	843	$	—	$	—		$	843

Cash collateral, whether pledged or received on derivative instruments, is not considered material and, accordingly, is not disclosed by counterparty.

9. Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three broad levels of fair value hierarchy are as follows:

• Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets are available for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date.

• Level 2—Quoted prices in markets that are not active or other pricing inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date.

• Level 3—Prices or valuation techniques that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable as of the reported date. These financial instruments do not have two-way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Valuation of our financial instruments by pricing observability levels as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2016:
Money markets	$	107,250	$	—	$	—	$	107,250
U.S. Treasury Bills	—		922,126		—		922,126
Available-for-sale
Equity securities	23		—		—		23
Fixed income securities	22		—		—		22
Trading

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Equity securities	158,316		17,785		110		176,211
Fixed income securities	80,473		11,107		—		91,580
Long exchange-traded options	3,106		—		—		3,106
Derivatives	1,224		7,189		—		8,413
Private equity	—		—		4,913		4,913
Consolidated VIEs
Investments	341,830		203,197		5,741		550,768
Derivatives	58		1,739		—		1,797
Total assets measured at fair value	$	692,302	$	1,163,143	$	10,764	$	1,866,209
Securities sold not yet purchased
Short equities – corporate	$	40,252	$	—	$	—	$	40,252
Short exchange-traded options	692		—		—		692
Derivatives	1,092		7,557		—		8,649
Consolidated VIEs
Short equities	248,419		—		—		248,419
Derivatives	48		2,033		—		2,081
Contingent payment arrangements	—		—		17,589		17,589
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	290,503	$	9,590	$	17,589	$	317,682
December 31, 2015:
Money markets	$	116,445	$	—	$	—	$	116,445
U.S. Treasury Bills	—		485,121		—		485,121
Available-for-sale
Equity securities	181		—		—		181
Fixed income securities	183		—		—		183
Trading
Equity securities	325,248		874		113		326,235
Fixed income securities	170,244		12,532		—		182,776
Long exchange-traded options	5,910		—		—		5,910
Derivatives	1,539		11,049		—		12,588
Private equity	14,305		—		16,035		30,340
Total assets measured at fair value	$	634,055	$	509,576	$	16,148	$	1,159,779
Securities sold not yet purchased
Short equities – corporate	$	15,254	$	—	$	—	$	15,254
Short exchange-traded options	843		—		—		843
Derivatives	2,651		9,570		—		12,221
Contingent payment arrangements	—		—		31,399		31,399
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	18,748	$	9,570	$	31,399	$	59,717

Included in Note 6, Investments, but excluded in the above fair value table, are the following investments:

• Limited partnership hedge funds, which are recorded using the equity method of accounting;

• One private equity investment ($10.2 million as of December 31, 2015; sold in the first quarter of 2016), which was recorded using the cost method of accounting;

• Other investments, which primarily include miscellaneous investments recorded using the cost or equity method of accounting and long-term deposits; and

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• One private equity investment ($40.4 million and $32.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively) which is measured at fair value using NAV (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient.

We provide below a description of the fair value methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy:

• Money markets: We invest excess cash in various money market funds that are valued based on quoted prices in active markets; these are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Treasury Bills: We hold U.S. Treasury Bills, which are primarily segregated in a special reserve bank custody account as required by Rule 15c3-3 of the Exchange Act. These securities are valued based on quoted yields in secondary markets and are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Equity and fixed income securities: Our equity and fixed income securities consist principally of company-sponsored mutual funds with NAVs and various separately-managed portfolios consisting primarily of equity and fixed income securities with quoted prices in active markets, which are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. In addition, some securities are valued based on observable inputs from recognized pricing vendors, which are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Derivatives: We hold exchange-traded futures with counterparties that are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. In addition, we hold currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, option swaps and total return swaps with counterparties that are valued based on observable inputs from recognized pricing vendors, which are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Options: We hold long exchange-traded options that are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Private equity: As of December 31, 2015, private equity investments include the investments of our consolidated venture capital fund and our investment in a private equity energy fund. As of December 31, 2016, the consolidated venture capital fund is classified as a consolidated VIE (see Note 2) and is discussed separately below; our investment in a private equity energy fund remains. Generally, the valuation of private equity investments requires significant management judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, inherent lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of such investments. Private equity investments are valued initially at cost. The carrying values of private equity investments are adjusted either up or down from cost to reflect expected exit values as evidenced by financing and sale transactions with third parties, or when determination of a valuation adjustment is confirmed through ongoing review in accordance with our valuation policies and procedures. A variety of factors are reviewed and monitored to assess positive and negative changes in valuation, including current operating performance and future expectations of investee companies, industry valuations of comparable public companies, changes in market outlooks, and the third party financing environment over time. In determining valuation adjustments resulting from the investment review process, particular emphasis is placed on current company performance and market conditions. For these reasons, which make the fair value of private equity investments unobservable, equity investments are included in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Securities sold not yet purchased: Securities sold not yet purchased, primarily reflecting short positions in equities and exchange-traded options, are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Contingent payment arrangements: Contingent payment arrangements relate to contingent payment liabilities associated with acquisitions in 2010, 2013, 2014 and 2016. At each reporting date, we estimate the fair values of the contingent consideration expected to be paid upon probability-weighted AUM and revenue projections, using observable market data inputs, which are included in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Investments of consolidated VIEs: During 2016, subsequent to the initial adoption of ASU 2015-02, we consolidated six additional investment funds that were classified as VIEs in which we have a controlling interest and deconsolidated a VIE of which we were no longer the primary beneficiary. Currently, seven of our consolidated VIEs are open-end Luxembourg funds investing in (i) high yield debt issued by U.S. corporations and related derivatives, (ii) fixed income securities issued by Asia-Pacific issuers and related derivatives, and (iii) equity securities, including common and preferred stocks, convertible securities, depositary receipts and securities of real estate investment trusts; currencies and currency-related instruments; pooled investment vehicles; and financial derivative instruments, such as options, futures, forwards, swaps and commodity index-related instruments. Also, we consolidated one hedge fund which invests in a wide range of U.S. and non-U.S. securities and other financial instruments. In addition, our venture capital fund, which is classified as a consolidated VIE effective January 1, 2016, holds both private equity investments as well as private equity investments that became publicly-traded. The investments and derivatives held by the

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consolidated VIEs are included in Levels 1, 2 and 3 of the valuation hierarchy. During the third quarter of 2016, one of our private securities went public and $23.6 million was transferred from a Level 3 to a Level 1 classification.

The change in carrying value associated with Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value, classified as private equity investments, trading equity securities and investments held by our consolidated VIEs, is as follows:

	December 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
	(in thousands)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	16,148		$	27,813
Transfers out	(23,566		)	(26		)
Activity related to consolidated VIEs	19,772			—
Purchases	—			195
Sales	—			(14,178		)
Realized gains, net	—			1,983
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(1,590		)	361
Balance as of end of period	$	10,764		$	16,148

Transfers into and out of all levels of the fair value hierarchy are reflected at end-of-period fair values. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 financial instruments are recorded in investment gains and losses in the consolidated statements of income.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we have an investment in a private equity fund focused exclusively on the energy sector (fair value of $4.9 million and $6.5 million, respectively) that is classified as Level 3. This investment’s valuation is based on a market approach, considering recent transactions in the fund and the industry.

Our consolidated venture capital fund, which is classified as a consolidated VIE in 2016 and a private equity investment in 2015, holds no Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2016. Quantitative information about our consolidated venture capital fund Level 3 fair value measurements as of December 31, 2015 was as follows:

	Fair Value as of December 31, 2015		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range
	(in thousands)
Technology, Media and Telecommunications	$	9,527	Market comparable companies	Revenue multiple	2.5 – 4.8
				Marketability discount	30	%

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the reporting entities’ venture capital securities in the Technology, Media and Telecommunications areas are enterprise value to revenue multiples and a discount rate to account for liquidity and various risk factors. Significant increases (decreases) in the enterprise value to revenue multiple inputs in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

As of December 31, 2016, five of our consolidated VIEs that are open-end Luxembourg funds hold $5.7 million of investments that are classified as Level 3. They primarily consist of corporate bonds that are vendor priced with no ratings available, bank loans, non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations and asset-backed securities.

The change in carrying value associated with Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value, classified as contingent payment arrangements, is as follows:

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	December 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
	(in thousands)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	31,399		$	42,436
Addition	11,893			—
Accretion	1,237			1,770
Changes in estimates	(21,482		)	(7,211		)
Payments	(5,458		)	(5,596		)
Balance as of end of period	$	17,589		$	31,399

During 2016, we recorded a change in estimate of the contingent consideration payable relating to our 2010 acquisition of $2.2 million. Additionally, we had recorded a contingent consideration payable for our 2013 acquisition relating to contingent value rights ("CVRs"). The CVRs would have entitled the shareholders to an additional $4 per share if the assets under management in the acquired investment services exceeded $5 billion on or before the third anniversary of the acquisition date (December 12, 2016). The target was not met and, as a result, we reversed the contingent consideration payable of $19.3 million.

As of December 31, 2016, the three acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities recorded have a combined fair value of $17.6 million and are valued using a projected AUM weighted average growth rate of 18% for one acquisition, and revenue growth rates and discount rates ranging from 4% to 31% and 1.4% to 6.4%, respectively, for the three acquisitions.

As of December 31, 2015, the three acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities recorded had a combined fair value of $31.4 million and were valued using a projected AUM weighted average growth rate of 46%, a revenue growth rate of 43% and discount rates ranging from 3.0% to 6.4%. During 2015, we recorded changes in estimates of the contingent consideration payable relating to recent acquisitions of $7.2 million.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

We did not have any material assets or liabilities that were measured at fair value for impairment on a nonrecurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2015.

10. Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net

Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net consist of:

	December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Furniture and equipment	$	535,890		$	529,488
Leasehold improvements	247,121			258,280
	783,011			787,768
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(623,447		)	(627,408		)
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	$	159,564		$	160,360

Depreciation and amortization expense on furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements were $29.4 million, $29.0 million and $36.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

During 2016, 2015 and 2014, we recorded $17.7 million, $1.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in pre-tax real estate charges. Included in the 2014 charge was $5.5 million of leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment we wrote off related to the respective spaces. See Note 3 for further discussion of the real estate charges.

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11. Deferred Sales Commissions, Net

The components of deferred sales commissions, net for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (excluding amounts related to fully amortized deferred sales commissions):

	December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Carrying amount of deferred sales commissions	$	903,252		$	970,671
Less: Accumulated amortization	(565,681		)	(606,963		)
Cumulative CDSC received	(273,681		)	(264,638		)
Deferred sales commissions, net	$	63,890		$	99,070

Amortization expense was $41.1 million, $49.1 million and $41.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Estimated future amortization expense related to the December 31, 2016 net asset balance, assuming no additional CDSC is received in future periods, is as follows (in thousands):

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2017	$	32,206
2018	21,092
2019	7,688
2020	2,864
2021	36
2022	4
	$	63,890

12. Debt

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, AB had $513.0 million and $581.7 million, respectively, in commercial paper outstanding with weighted average interest rates of approximately 0.9% and 0.5%, respectively. The commercial paper is short term in nature, and as such, recorded value is estimated to approximate fair value (and considered a Level 2 security in the fair value hierarchy). Average daily borrowings of commercial paper during 2016 and 2015 were $422.9 million and $387.9 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 0.6% and 0.3%, respectively.

AB has a $1 billion committed, unsecured senior revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) with a group of commercial banks and other lenders, which matures on October 22, 2019. The Credit Facility provides for possible increases in the principal amount by up to an aggregate incremental amount of $250 million; any such increase is subject to the consent of the affected lenders. The Credit Facility is available for AB and Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC ("SCB LLC") business purposes, including the support of AB’s $1 billion commercial paper program. Both AB and SCB LLC can draw directly under the Credit Facility and management may draw on the Credit Facility from time to time. AB has agreed to guarantee the obligations of SCB LLC under the Credit Facility.

The Credit Facility contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants, which are customary for facilities of this type, including, restrictions on dispositions of assets, restrictions on liens, a minimum interest coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio. As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with these covenants. The Credit Facility also includes customary events of default (with customary grace periods, as applicable), including provisions under which, upon the occurrence of an event of default, all outstanding loans may be accelerated and/or lender’s commitments may be terminated. Also, under such provisions, upon the occurrence of certain insolvency- or bankruptcy-related events of default, all amounts payable under the Credit Facility would automatically become immediately due and payable, and the lender’s commitments automatically would terminate.

Amounts under the Credit Facility may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed by us from time to time until the maturity of the facility. Voluntary prepayments and commitment reductions requested by us are permitted at any time without fee (other than customary breakage costs relating to the prepayment of any drawn loans) upon proper notice and subject to a minimum dollar requirement. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum, which will be, at our option, a rate equal to

an applicable margin, which is subject to adjustment based on the credit ratings of AB, plus one of the following indices: London Interbank Offered Rate; a floating base rate; or the Federal Funds rate.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had no amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility. During 2016 and 2015, we did not draw upon the Credit Facility.

On December 1, 2016, AB entered into a $200.0 million, unsecured 364-day senior revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) with a leading international bank and the other lending institutions that may be party thereto. The Revolver is available for AB's and SCB LLC's business purposes, including the provision of additional liquidity to meet funding requirements primarily related to SCB LLC's operations. Both AB and SCB LLC can draw directly under the Revolver and management expects to draw on the Revolver from time to time. AB has agreed to guarantee the obligations of SCB LLC under the Revolver. The Revolver contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants which are identical to those of the Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2016, we had no amounts outstanding under the Revolver and the average daily borrowings for 2016 were $7.3 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 1.6%.

In addition, SCB LLC has four uncommitted lines of credit with four financial institutions. Three of these lines of credit permit us to borrow up to an aggregate of approximately $225.0 million, with AB named as an additional borrower, while one line has no stated limit. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, SCB LLC had no bank loans outstanding. Average daily borrowings of bank loans during 2016 and 2015 were $4.4 million and $3.9 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 1.1% and 1.2%, respectively.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

We lease office space, furniture and office equipment under various operating leases. The future minimum payments under non-cancelable leases, sublease commitments and related payments we are obligated to make, net of sublease commitments of third party lessees to make payments to us, as of December 31, 2016, are as follows:

	Payments		Sublease Receipts		Net Payments
	(in millions)
2017	$	138.3	$	43.3	$	95.0
2018	132.3		44.2		88.1
2019	125.9		43.6		82.3
2020	105.7		27.2		78.5
2021	99.2		25.8		73.4
2022 and thereafter	291.0		66.8		224.2
Total future minimum payments	$	892.4	$	250.9	$	641.5

Office leases contain escalation clauses that provide for the pass through of increases in operating expenses and real estate taxes. Rent expense, which is amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease, was $68.1 million, $70.7 million and $73.0 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, net of sublease income of $2.5 million, $2.9 million and $3.3 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. See Note 3 for further discussion of the real estate charges.

Legal Proceedings

During the first quarter of 2012, we received a legal letter of claim (“Letter of Claim”) sent on behalf of Philips Pension Trustees Limited and Philips Electronics U.K. Limited (“Philips”), a former pension fund client, alleging that AllianceBernstein Limited (one of our subsidiaries organized in the U.K.) was negligent and failed to meet certain applicable standards of care with respect to the initial investment in, and management of, a £500 million portfolio of U.S. mortgage-backed securities. Philips alleged damages ranging between $177 million and $234 million, plus compound interest on an alleged $125 million of realized losses in the portfolio. On January 2, 2014, Philips filed a claim form in the High Court of Justice in London, England, which formally commenced litigation with respect to the allegations in the Letter of Claim.

By agreement dated November 28, 2016, the terms of which are confidential, this matter was settled. Our contribution to the settlement amount was paid by our relevant insurance carriers.

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In addition to the matter discussed immediately above, we may be involved in various other matters, including regulatory inquiries, administrative proceedings and litigation, some of which may allege significant damages.

In management’s opinion, an adequate accrual has been made as of December 31, 2016 to provide for any probable losses regarding any litigation matters for which we can reasonably estimate an amount of loss. It is reasonably possible that we could incur additional losses pertaining to these matters, but currently we cannot estimate any such additional losses.

Management, after consultation with legal counsel, currently believes that the outcome of any individual matter that is pending or threatened, or all of them combined, will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. However, any inquiry, proceeding or litigation has an element of uncertainty; management cannot determine whether further developments relating to any individual matter that is pending or threatened, or all of them combined, will have a material adverse effect on our results of operation, financial condition or liquidity in any future reporting period.

Other

During 2009, we entered into a subscription agreement, under which we committed to invest up to $35.0 million, as amended in 2011, in a venture capital fund over a six-year period. As of December 31, 2016, we had funded $33.5 million of this commitment.

During 2010, as general partner of AllianceBernstein U.S. Real Estate L.P. (“Real Estate Fund”), we committed to invest $25.0 million in the Real Estate Fund. As of December 31, 2016, we had funded $20.5 million of this commitment. During 2014, as general partner of AllianceBernstein U.S. Real Estate II L.P. (“Real Estate Fund II”), we committed to invest $28.0 million, as amended in 2015, in the Real Estate Fund II. As of December 31, 2016, we had funded $3.8 million of this commitment.

During 2012, we entered into an investment agreement under which we committed to invest up to $8.0 million in an oil and gas fund over a three-year period, as amended. As of December 31, 2016, we had funded $6.2 million of this commitment.

14. Net Capital

SCB LLC is registered as a broker-dealer under the Exchange Act and is subject to the minimum net capital requirements imposed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). SCB LLC computes its net capital under the alternative method permitted by the applicable rule, which requires that minimum net capital, as defined, equals the greater of $1 million or two percent of aggregate debit items arising from customer transactions, as defined. As of December 31, 2016, SCB LLC had net capital of $214.3 million, which was $184.2 million in excess of the minimum net capital requirement of $30.1 million. Advances, dividend payments and other equity withdrawals by SCB LLC are restricted by regulations imposed by the SEC, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., and other securities agencies.

Our U.K.-based broker-dealer is a member of the London Stock Exchange. As of December 31, 2016, it was subject to financial resources requirements of $22.7 million imposed by the Financial Conduct Authority of the United Kingdom and had aggregate regulatory financial resources of $43.6 million, an excess of $20.9 million.

AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc., another one of our subsidiaries and the distributor and/or underwriter for certain company-sponsored mutual funds, is registered as a broker-dealer under the Exchange Act and is subject to the minimum net capital requirements imposed by the SEC. As of December 31, 2016, it had net capital of $56.5 million, which was $56.2 million in excess of its required net capital of $0.3 million.

Many of our subsidiaries around the world are subject to minimum net capital requirements by the local laws and regulations to which they are subject. As of December 31, 2016, each of our subsidiaries subject to a minimum net capital requirement satisfied the applicable requirement.

15. Counterparty Risk

Customer Activities

In the normal course of business, brokerage activities involve the execution, settlement and financing of various customer securities trades, which may expose our broker-dealer operations to off-balance sheet risk by requiring us to purchase or sell securities at prevailing market prices in the event the customer is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations.

Our customer securities activities are transacted on either a cash or margin basis. In margin transactions, we extend credit to the customer, subject to various regulatory and internal margin requirements. These transactions are collateralized by cash or securities in the customer’s account. In connection with these activities, we may execute and clear customer transactions

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involving the sale of securities not yet purchased. We seek to control the risks associated with margin transactions by requiring customers to maintain collateral in compliance with the aforementioned regulatory and internal guidelines. We monitor required margin levels daily and, pursuant to such guidelines, require customers to deposit additional collateral, or reduce positions, when necessary. A majority of our customer margin accounts are managed on a discretionary basis whereby we maintain control over the investment activity in the accounts. For these discretionary accounts, our margin deficiency exposure is minimized through maintaining a diversified portfolio of securities in the accounts and by virtue of our discretionary authority and our U.S-based broker-dealer's role as custodian.

In accordance with industry practice, we record customer transactions on a settlement date basis, which generally was three business days after trade date for our U.S. operations and two business days after trade date for our U.K. operations. We are exposed to risk of loss on these transactions in the event of the customer’s or broker’s inability to meet the terms of their contracts, in which case we may have to purchase or sell financial instruments at prevailing market prices. The risks we assume in connection with these transactions are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Other Counterparties

We are engaged in various brokerage activities on behalf of clients, in which counterparties primarily include broker-dealers, banks and other financial institutions. In the event these counterparties do not fulfill their obligations, we may be exposed to loss. The risk of default depends on the creditworthiness of the counterparty or issuer of the instrument. It is our policy to review, as necessary, each counterparty’s creditworthiness.

In connection with security borrowing and lending arrangements, we enter into collateralized agreements, which may result in potential loss in the event the counterparty to a transaction is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations. Security borrowing arrangements require us to deposit cash collateral with the lender. With respect to security lending arrangements, we receive collateral in the form of cash in amounts generally in excess of the market value of the securities loaned. We attempt to mitigate credit risk associated with these activities by establishing credit limits for each broker and monitoring these limits on a daily basis. Additionally, security borrowing and lending collateral is marked to market on a daily basis, and additional collateral is deposited by or returned to us as necessary.

We enter into various futures, forwards, options and swaps primarily to economically hedge certain of our seed money investments. We may be exposed to credit losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to these derivative financial instruments. See Note 7, Derivative Instruments for further discussion.

16. Qualified Employee Benefit Plans

We maintain a qualified profit sharing plan covering U.S. employees and certain foreign employees. Employer contributions are discretionary and generally limited to the maximum amount deductible for federal income tax purposes. Aggregate contributions for 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $14.3 million, $14.2 million and $13.5 million, respectively.

We maintain several defined contribution plans for foreign employees working for our subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan and other locations outside the United States. Employer contributions generally are consistent with regulatory requirements and tax limits. Defined contribution expense for foreign entities was $6.8 million, $7.9 million and $7.3 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

We maintain a qualified, noncontributory, defined benefit retirement plan (“Retirement Plan”) covering current and former employees who were employed by AB in the United States prior to October 2, 2000. Benefits are based on years of credited service, average final base salary (as defined in the Retirement Plan) and primary Social Security benefits. Service and compensation after December 31, 2008 are not taken into account in determining participants’ retirement benefits.

Our policy is to satisfy our funding obligation for each year in an amount not less than the minimum required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and not greater than the maximum amount we can deduct for federal income tax purposes. We did not make a contribution to the Retirement Plan during 2016. We currently estimate that we will contribute $4.0 million to the Retirement Plan during 2017. Contribution estimates, which are subject to change, are based on regulatory requirements, future market conditions and assumptions used for actuarial computations of the Retirement Plan’s obligations and assets. Management, at the present time, has not determined the amount, if any, of additional future contributions that may be required.

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The Retirement Plan’s projected benefit obligation, fair value of plan assets, and funded status (amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition) were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	107,784		$	113,733
Interest cost	4,972			4,816
Plan amendments	—			827
Actuarial loss (gain)	1,794			(6,698		)
Benefits paid	(3,235		)	(4,894		)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year	111,315			107,784
Change in plan assets:
Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year	86,292			90,320
Actual return on plan assets	3,642			866
Employer contribution	—			—
Benefits paid	(3,235		)	(4,894		)
Plan assets at fair value at end of year	86,699			86,292
Funded status	$	(24,616	)	$	(21,492	)

Effective December 31, 2015, the Retirement Plan was amended to change the actuarial basis used for converting a life annuity benefit to optional forms of payment and converting benefits payable at age 65 to earlier commencement dates. This prior service cost will be amortized over future years.

The amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the Retirement Plan for 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Unrecognized net (loss) gain from experience different from that assumed and effects of changes and assumptions	$	(3,115	)	$	2,882		$	(20,803	)
Prior service cost	93			(895		)	—
	(3,022		)	1,987			(20,803		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(10		)	(99		)	232
Other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(3,032	)	$	1,888		$	(20,571	)

The loss of $3.0 million recognized in 2016 primarily was due to expected earnings on plan assets exceeding actual earnings ($1.8 million) and changes in the discount rate and lump sum interest rates ($3.5 million), offset by changes in the mortality assumption ($1.7 million). The gain of $1.9 million recognized in 2015 primarily was due to changes in the discount rate and lump sum interest rates ($5.6 million) and changes in the mortality assumption ($1.4 million), offset by expected earnings on plan assets exceeding actual earnings ($5.3 million). The loss of $20.6 million recognized in 2014 primarily was due to changes in the discount rate ($12.0 million) and changes in the mortality assumption ($7.5 million).

Foreign retirement plans and an individual's retirement plan maintained by AB are not material to AB's consolidated financial statements. As such, disclosure for these plans is not necessary. The reconciliation of the 2016 amounts recognized in other comprehensive income for the Retirement Plan as compared to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income ("OCI Statement") is as follows:

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	Retirement Plan			Retired Individual Plan			Foreign Retirement Plans			OCI Statement
	(in thousands)
Recognized actuarial (loss) gain	$	(3,115	)	$	22		$	50		$	(3,043	)
Amortization of prior service cost	93			—			—			93
Changes in employee benefit related items	(3,022		)	22			50			(2,950		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(10		)	(1		)	(11		)	(22		)
Employee benefit related items, net of tax	$	(3,032	)	$	21		$	39		$	(2,972	)

The amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the Retirement Plan as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Unrecognized net loss from experience different from that assumed and effects of changes and assumptions	$	(46,430	)	$	(43,314	)
Prior service cost	(803		)	(895		)
	(47,233		)	(44,209		)
Income tax benefit	457			468
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(46,776	)	$	(43,741	)

The amortization period over which we are amortizing the loss for the Retirement Plan from accumulated other comprehensive income is 36 years. The estimated prior service cost and amortization of loss for the Retirement Plan that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income over the next year are $23,959 and $1.1 million, respectively.

The accumulated benefit obligation for the plan was $111.3 million and $107.8 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.

The discount rates used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (measurement dates) were 4.55% and 4.75%, respectively.

Benefit payments are expected to be paid as follows (in thousands):

2017	$	4,302
2018	5,545
2019	6,048
2020	5,109
2021	5,872
2022-2026	37,837

Net (benefit) expense under the Retirement Plan consisted of:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Interest cost on projected benefit obligations	$	4,972		$	4,816		$	4,895
Expected return on plan assets	(5,407		)	(6,176		)	(6,493		)
Amortization of prior service cost	24			—			—
Recognized actuarial loss	959			979			490
Net pension (benefit) expense	$	548		$	(381	)	$	(1,108	)

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Actuarial computations used to determine net periodic costs were made utilizing the following weighted-average assumptions:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
Discount rate on benefit obligations	4.75	%	4.3	%	5.3	%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	6.5		7.0		7.5

In developing the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 6.5%, management considered the historical returns and future expectations for returns for each asset category, as well as the target asset allocation of the portfolio. The expected long-term rate of return on assets is based on weighted average expected returns for each asset class.

As of December 31, 2016, the mortality projection assumption has been updated to use the generational MP-2016 improvement scale. Previously, mortality was projected generationally using the MP-2015 improvements scale. The base mortality assumption remains at the RP-2014 white-collar mortality table for males and females adjusted back to 2006 using the MP-2014 improvement scale.

It is expected that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) will update the mortality tables used to determine lump sums. As the current IRS mortality tables have been published for plan years through 2017, updated tables will not be effective before 2018. For fiscal year-end 2016, we reflected current IRS tables through 2017. We assumed that the most recent mortality tables published by the Society of Actuaries will be adopted by the IRS for lump sum payments projected to begin in 2018 and later.

The Retirement Plan’s asset allocation percentages consisted of:

	December 31,
	2016		2015
Equity	61	%	56	%
Debt securities	18		24
Other	21		20
	100	%	100	%

The guidelines regarding allocation of assets are formalized in the Investment Policy Statement adopted by the Investment Committee for the Retirement Plan. The objective of the investment program is to enhance the portfolio of the Retirement Plan through total return (capital appreciation and income), thereby promoting the ongoing ability of the plan to meet future liabilities and obligations, while minimizing the need for additional contributions. The guidelines specify an allocation weighting of 30% to 60% for return seeking investments (target of 40%), 10% to 30% for risk mitigating investments (target of 15%), 0% to 25% for diversifying investments (target of 17%) and 18% to 38% for dynamic asset allocation (target of 28%). Investments in mutual funds, hedge funds (and other alternative investments), and other commingled investment vehicles are permitted under the guidelines. Investments are permitted in overlay portfolios (regulated mutual funds), which are designed to manage short-term portfolio risk and mitigate the effect of extreme outcomes by varying the asset allocation of a portfolio.

See Note 9, Fair Value for a description of how we measure the fair value of our plan assets.

The valuation of our Retirement Plan assets by pricing observability levels as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2016:
Cash	$	344	$	—	$	—	$	344
Fixed income mutual funds	21,441		—		—		21,441
Equity mutual fund	25,037		—		—		25,037
Equity securities	20,690		—		—		20,690
Total assets in the fair value hierarchy	67,512		—		—		67,512
Investments measured at net assets value	—		—		—		19,187
Investments at fair value	$	67,512	$	—	$	—	$	86,699

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December 31, 2015:
Cash	$	445	$	—	$	—	$	445
Fixed income mutual funds	21,555		—		—		21,555
Equity mutual fund	23,603		—		—		23,603
Equity securities	21,586		—		—		21,586
Total assets in the fair value hierarchy	67,189		—		—		67,189
Investments measured at net assets value	—		—		—		19,103
Investments at fair value	$	67,189	$	—	$	—	$	86,292

The Retirement Plan’s investments include the following:

• two fixed income mutual funds, each of which seeks to generate income consistent with preservation of capital. One mutual fund invests in a portfolio of fixed income securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies and U.S. and non-U.S. government securities and supranational entities, including lower-rated securities, while the second fund invests in a broad range of fixed income securities in both developed and emerging markets with a range of maturities from short- to long-term;

• three equity mutual funds, one of which invests primarily in a diversified portfolio of equity securities of small- to mid-capitalization U.S. companies, the second which invests primarily in a diversified portfolio of equity securities with relatively smaller capitalizations as compared to the overall U.S market, and the third which primarily invests in equity securities of small capitalization companies or other securities or instruments with similar economic characteristics;

• separate equity and fixed income mutual funds, which seek to moderate the volatility of equity and fixed income oriented asset allocation over the long term, as part of the overall asset allocation managed by AB;

• a multi-style, multi-cap integrated portfolio adding U.S. equity diversification to its value and growth equity selections, designed to deliver a long-term premium to the S&P 500 with greater consistency across a range of market environments; and

• investments measured at net asset value, including two equity private investment trusts, one of which invests primarily in equity securities of non-U.S. companies located in emerging market countries, and the other of which invests in equity securities of established non-U.S. companies located in the countries comprising the MSCI EAFE Index, plus Canada; and a hedge fund that seeks to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns over full market cycles with less volatility than the broad equity markets by allocating all or substantially all of its assets among portfolio managers through portfolio funds that employ a broad range of investment strategies.

17. Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans

We maintain an unfunded, non-qualified incentive compensation program known as the AllianceBernstein Incentive Compensation Award Program (“Incentive Compensation Program”), under which annual awards may be granted to eligible employees. See Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plans" for a discussion of the award provisions.

Under the Incentive Compensation Program, we made awards in 2016, 2015 and 2014 aggregating $157.8 million, $178.8 million and $176.5 million, respectively. The amounts charged to employee compensation and benefits for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $153.8 million, $171.7 million and $173.2 million, respectively.

Effective as of July 1, 2010, we established the AllianceBernstein 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended (“2010 Plan”), which was adopted by AB Holding Unitholders at a special meeting of AB Holding Unitholders held on June 30, 2010. Since the 2010 Plan was adopted, the following forms of awards have been available for grant to employees and Eligible Directors: (i) restricted AB Holding Units or phantom restricted AB Holding Units (a “phantom” award is a contractual right to receive AB Holding Units at a later date or upon a specified event); (ii) options to buy AB Holding Units; and (iii) other AB Holding Unit-based awards (including, without limitation, AB Holding Unit appreciation rights and performance awards). The purpose of the 2010 Plan is to promote the interest of AB by: (i) attracting and retaining talented officers, employees and directors, (ii) motivating such officers, employees and directors by means of performance-related incentives to achieve longer-range business and operational goals, (iii) enabling such officers, employees and directors to participate in the long-term growth and financial success of AB, and (iv) aligning the interests of such officers, employees and directors with those of AB Holding Unitholders. The 2010 Plan will expire on June 30, 2020, and no awards under the 2010 Plan will be made after that date. Under the 2010

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Plan, the aggregate number of AB Holding Units with respect to which awards may be granted is 60 million, including no more than 30 million newly-issued AB Holding Units.

The 2010 Plan was amended by the Board in May 2011, expanding the universe of persons eligible to receive awards under the 2010 Plan to include any member of the Board who is a former executive or former employee of an affiliate of AB Holding. For purposes of this amendment, “affiliate” includes any company or other entity that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with, AB.

The 2010 Plan was further amended by the Compensation Committee of the Board (“Compensation Committee”) in December 2011, clarifying that, where duly authorized by the Compensation Committee or the Board, continued vesting of awards after a Termination (as those terms are defined in the 2010 Plan or the applicable award agreement) in circumstances where such continued vesting is conditioned on compliance with (A) one or more restrictive covenants, and/or (B) a standard of conduct regarding appropriate consideration of risk set forth in the applicable award agreement, shall count towards satisfying the minimum vesting requirement set forth in Section 6(b)(i) of the 2010 Plan.

The 2010 Plan was further amended by the Board in May 2012, when the Board authorized management to reacquire on the open market or otherwise all 60 million AB Holding Units available for awards under the 2010 Plan (less one AB Holding Unit for every newly-issued AB Holding Unit already awarded under the 2010 Plan), while maintaining the 30 million AB Holding Unit limitation on newly-issued AB Holding Units available for awards under the 2010 Plan.

As of December 31, 2016, 356,989 options to buy AB Holding Units had been granted and 51,944,758 AB Holding Units, net of forfeitures, were subject to other AB Holding Unit awards made under the 2010 Plan or an equity compensation plan with similar terms that expired in 2010. AB Holding Unit-based awards (including options) in respect of 7,698,253 AB Holding Units were available for grant as of December 31, 2016. We intend to seek approval from our unitholders in 2017 for a new long-term incentive plan.

Options granted to employees generally are exercisable at a rate of 20% of the AB Holding Units subject to such options on each of the first five anniversary dates of the date of grant; options granted to Eligible Directors generally are exercisable at a rate of 33.3% of the AB Holding Units subject to such options on each of the first three anniversary dates of the date of grant. Restricted AB Holding Units awarded to our CEO pursuant to his employment agreements (as described below under “Restricted AB Holding Unit Awards”) vest ratably over his employment term. Restricted AB Holding Units awarded under the Incentive Compensation Program vest 25% on December 1^st of each of the four years immediately subsequent to the year in which the award is granted.

Option Awards

Options to buy AB Holding Units (including grants to Eligible Directors) were granted as follows: 54,546 options were granted during 2016, 29,056 options were granted during 2015 and 25,106 options were granted during 2014. The weighted average fair value of options to buy AB Holding Units granted during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $2.75, $4.13 and $4.78, respectively, on the date of grant, determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:

	2016		2015		2014
Risk-free interest rate	1.3	%	1.5	%	1.5	%
Expected cash distribution yield	7.1	%	7.1	%	8.4	%
Historical volatility factor	31.0	%	32.1	%	48.9	%
Expected term	6.0 years		6.0 years		6.0 years

Due to a lack of sufficient historical data, we have chosen to use the simplified method to calculate the expected term of options.

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The activity in our option plan during 2016 is as follows:

	Options to Buy AB Holding Units		Weighted Average Exercise  Price Per Option		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2015	5,398,471		$	47.59	2.9
Granted	54,546		22.64
Exercised	(358,262	)	17.05
Forfeited	—		—
Expired	(9,712	)	65.02
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016	5,085,043		49.45		2.0	$	—
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016	4,700,909		47.58		1.9	—
Vested or expected to vest as of December 31, 2016	5,085,043		49.45		2.0	—

The aggregate intrinsic value as of December 31, 2016 of options outstanding, exercisable and expected to vest is negative, and is therefore presented as zero in the table above. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $2.1 million, $7.0 million and $9.1 million, respectively.

Under the fair value method, compensation expense is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the options awarded (determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model) and is recognized over the required service period. We recorded compensation expense (credit) relating to option grants of $0.2 million, $0.1 million and $(0.3) million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. As of December 31, 2016, there was no compensation expense related to unvested option grants not yet recognized in the consolidated statement of income.

Restricted AB Holding Unit Awards

In 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Board granted restricted AB Holding Unit awards to Eligible Directors. These AB Holding Units give the Eligible Directors, in most instances, all the rights of other AB Holding Unitholders subject to such restrictions on transfer as the Board may impose. We awarded 46,382, 26,468 and 31,320 restricted AB Holding Units, respectively, in 2016, 2015 and 2014 with grant date fair values per restricted AB Holding Unit of $22.64 in 2016, $31.74 in 2015 and $22.99 in 2014. All of the restricted AB Holding Units are delivered as soon as administratively feasible after the third anniversary of grant date or sooner if a director leaves the Board for any reason other than “cause”, as defined in the applicable award agreement. We fully expensed these awards on each grant date, as there is no service requirement. We recorded compensation expense relating to these awards of $1.1 million, $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

In connection with the commencement of Mr. Kraus’s employment as our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") on December 19, 2008, he was granted 2.7 million restricted AB Holding Units with a grant date fair value per Unit of $19.20. Mr. Kraus’s restricted AB Holding Units vested ratably on each of the first five anniversaries of December 19, 2008, commencing December 19, 2009, subject to his continued employment by AB on the vesting dates. During June 2012, Mr. Kraus entered into an agreement (“Kraus Employment Agreement”) pursuant to which Mr. Kraus continues to serve as our CEO. The Kraus Employment Agreement commenced on January 3, 2014 and terminates on January 2, 2019 (“Employment Term”), unless it is terminated earlier in accordance with its terms. In connection with the signing of the Kraus Employment Agreement, Mr. Kraus was granted an additional 2.7 million restricted AB Holding Units, vesting ratably over the Employment Term. Under US GAAP, the compensation expense for the AB Holding Unit award under the Kraus Employment Agreement of $33.1 million (based on the $12.17 grant date AB Holding Unit price) must be amortized on a straight-line basis over 6.5 years, beginning on the grant date. We recorded compensation expense relating to the CEO restricted AB Holding Unit grants of $5.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

Under the Incentive Compensation Program, we awarded 6.1 million restricted AB Holding Units in 2016 (substantially all of which were restricted AB Holding Units in December for the 2016 year-end awards as well as minimal restricted AB Holding Units granted during the year relating to the 2015 year-end awards), 7.2 million restricted AB Holding Units in 2015 (which included 7.0 million restricted AB Holding Units in December for the 2015 year-end awards and 0.2 million additional restricted AB Holding Units granted during the year relating to the 2014 year-end awards) and 6.8 million restricted AB Holding Units in 2014 (which included 6.6 million restricted AB Holding Units in December for the 2014 year-end awards and

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0.2 million additional restricted AB Holding Units granted during the year relating to the 2013 year-end awards) with grant date fair values per restricted AB Holding Unit of $19.45 and $23.20 in 2016, $23.02 and $24.24 in 2015 and $21.67 and $24.24 in 2014.

We also award restricted AB Holding Units in connection with certain employment and separation agreements with vesting schedules ranging between two and five years. The fair value of the restricted AB Holding Units is amortized over the required service period as employee compensation expense. We awarded 1.0 million, 0.2 million and 0.7 million restricted AB Holding Units in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, with grant date fair values per restricted AB Holding Unit ranging between $18.67 and $25.34 in 2016, $25.36 and $32.71 in 2015 and $21.07 and $27.40 in 2014. We recorded compensation expense relating to restricted AB Holding Unit grants in connection with certain employment and separation agreements of $11.2 million, $9.9 million and $13.2 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

Changes in unvested restricted AB Holding Units during 2016 are as follows:

	AB Holding Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per AB Holding Unit
Unvested as of December 31, 2015	19,779,814		$	22.05
Granted	7,085,482		23.14
Vested	(7,384,528	)	21.58
Forfeited	(334,727	)	24.05
Unvested as of December 31, 2016	19,146,041		22.60

The total grant date fair value of restricted AB Holding Units that vested during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $159.4 million, $156.4 million and $170.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the 19,146,041 unvested restricted AB Holding Units consist of 16,272,607 restricted AB Holding Units that do not have a service requirement and have been fully expensed on the grant date and 2,873,434 restricted AB Holding Units that have a service requirement and will be expensed over the required service period. As of December 31, 2016, there was $39.1 million of compensation expense related to unvested restricted AB Holding Unit awards granted and not yet recognized in the consolidated statement of income. We expect to recognize the expense over a weighted average period of 2.6 years.

18. Units Outstanding

Changes in AB Units outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	2016		2015
Outstanding as of January 1,	272,301,827		273,040,452
Options exercised	358,262		541,073
Units issued	4,455,944		4,600,583
Units retired	(8,222,499	)	(5,880,281	)
Outstanding as of December 31,	268,893,534		272,301,827

During 2016 and 2015, we purchased 15,998 and 26,111 AB Units, respectively, in private transactions and retired them.

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19. Income Taxes

AB is a private partnership for federal income tax purposes and, accordingly, is not subject to federal or state corporate income taxes. However, AB is subject to a 4.0% New York City unincorporated business tax (“UBT”). Domestic corporate subsidiaries of AB, which are subject to federal, state and local income taxes, generally are included in the filing of a consolidated federal income tax return with separate state and local income tax returns being filed. Foreign corporate subsidiaries are generally subject to taxes in the foreign jurisdictions where they are located.

In order to preserve AB’s status as a private partnership for federal income tax purposes, AB Units must not be considered publicly traded. The AB Partnership Agreement provides that all transfers of AB Units must be approved by AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (a subsidiary of AXA, “AXA Equitable”) and the General Partner; AXA Equitable and the General Partner approve only those transfers permitted pursuant to one or more of the safe harbors contained in relevant treasury regulations. If AB Units were considered readily tradable, AB’s net income would be subject to federal and state corporate income tax, significantly reducing its quarterly distributions to AB Holding. Furthermore, should AB enter into a substantial new line of business, AB Holding, by virtue of its ownership of AB, would lose its status as a “grandfathered” publicly-traded partnership and would become subject to corporate income tax, which would reduce materially AB Holding’s net income and its quarterly distributions to AB Holding Unitholders.

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Earnings before income taxes and income tax expense consist of:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Earnings before income taxes:
United States	$	614,261		$	520,282	$	493,311
Foreign	108,904			110,817		115,310
Total	$	723,165		$	631,099	$	608,621
Income tax expense:
Partnership UBT	$	5,363		$	8,027	$	10,042
Corporate subsidiaries:
Federal	291			7,957		12,464
State and local	1,064			661		1,372
Foreign	28,158			26,822		31,273
Current tax expense	34,876			43,467		55,151
Deferred tax (benefit)	(6,557		)	1,330		(10,847		)
Income tax expense	$	28,319		$	44,797	$	44,304

The principal reasons for the difference between the effective tax rates and the UBT statutory tax rate of 4.0% are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016					2015					2014
	(in thousands)
UBT statutory rate	$	28,927		4.0	%	$	25,244		4.0	%	$	24,345		4.0	%
Corporate subsidiaries’ federal, state, local and foreign income taxes	17,907			2.5		31,223			4.9		30,353			5.0
Effect of ASC 740 adjustments, miscellaneous taxes, and other	(1,070		)	(0.2	)	2,965			0.5		3,393			0.6
Income not taxable resulting from use of UBT business apportionment factors	(17,445		)	(2.4	)	(14,635		)	(2.3	)	(13,787		)	(2.3	)
Income tax expense and effective tax rate	$	28,319		3.9		$	44,797		7.1		$	44,304		7.3

We recognize the effects of a tax position in the financial statements only if, as of the reporting date, it is “more likely than not” to be sustained based solely on its technical merits. In making this assessment, we assume that the taxing authority will examine the tax position and have full knowledge of all relevant information.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	12,004	$	11,311	$	2,975
Additions for prior year tax positions	—		—		2,838
Reductions for prior year tax positions	—		—		—
Additions for current year tax positions	592		693		5,498
Reductions for current year tax positions	—		—		—
Reductions related to closed years/settlements with tax authorities	—		—		—
Balance as of end of period	$	12,596	$	12,004	$	11,311

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, when recognized, is recorded as a reduction to income tax expense and reduces the company’s effective tax rate.

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Interest and penalties, if any, relating to tax positions are recorded in income tax expense on the consolidated statements of income. The total amount of interest expense (credit) recorded in income tax expense during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $0.7 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The total cumulative amount of accrued interest payable recorded on the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $1.7 million, $1.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively. There were no accrued penalties as of December 31, 2016, 2015 or 2014.

Generally, the company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or local income tax examinations by tax authorities for any year prior to 2013, except that, during the third quarter of 2014, the City of New York notified us of an examination of AB’s UBT returns for the years 2010 and 2011. The examination is ongoing.

Currently, there are no income tax examinations at our significant non-U.S. subsidiaries. Years that remain open and may be subject to examination vary under local law, and range from one to seven years.

At December 31, 2016, it is reasonably possible that $6.6 million of our unrecognized tax benefits will change within the next twelve months due to completion of tax authority exams.

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Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The tax effect of significant items comprising the net deferred tax asset (liability) is as follows:

	December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Deferred tax asset:
Differences between book and tax basis:
Benefits from net operating loss carryforwards	$	6,066		$	18,887
Long-term incentive compensation plans	15,468			17,092
Other, primarily accrued expenses deductible when paid	16,730			18,490
	38,264			54,469
Less: valuation allowance	(462		)	(13,709		)
Deferred tax asset	37,802			40,760
Deferred tax liability:
Differences between book and tax basis:
Intangible assets	6,302			6,520
Translation adjustment	—			8,220
Other	1,960			766
Deferred tax liability	8,262			15,506
Net deferred tax asset	$	29,540		$	25,254

Valuation allowances of $0.5 million and $13.7 million are established as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, primarily due to the uncertainty of realizing certain net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards given the future losses expected to be incurred by the applicable subsidiaries. We had NOL carryforwards at December 31, 2016 of approximately $52.9 million in certain foreign locations with an indefinite expiration period. As of December 31, 2015, we had NOL carryforwards of approximately $80.9 million in certain foreign locations with an indefinite expiration period and $135.7 million in certain domestic locations with expiration periods between 15 and 20 years.

The deferred tax asset is included in other assets. Management has determined that realization of the net deferred tax asset is more likely than not based on anticipated future taxable income.

We provide income taxes on the undistributed earnings of non-U.S. corporate subsidiaries except to the extent that such earnings are permanently invested outside the United States. As of December 31, 2016, $683.0 million of accumulated undistributed earnings of non-U.S. corporate subsidiaries that has not been taxed in the U.S. were permanently invested outside the U.S. At existing applicable income tax rates, additional taxes of approximately $54.8 million, net of foreign tax credits, would need to be provided if such earnings were remitted.

20. Business Segment Information

Management has assessed the requirements of ASC 280, Segment Reporting, and determined that, because we utilize a consolidated approach to assess performance and allocate resources, we have only one operating segment. Enterprise-wide disclosures as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

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Services

Net revenues derived from our investment management, research and related services were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Institutions	$	422,060	$	435,205	$	434,081
Retail	1,261,907		1,362,541		1,397,135
Private Wealth Management	711,599		689,853		664,324
Bernstein Research Services	479,875		493,463		482,538
Other	162,461		42,986		29,714
Total revenues	3,037,902		3,024,048		3,007,792
Less: Interest expense	9,123		3,321		2,426
Net revenues	$	3,028,779	$	3,020,727	$	3,005,366

Our AllianceBernstein Global High Yield Portfolio, an open-end fund incorporated in Luxembourg (ACATEUH: LX), generated approximately 10%, 11% and 12% of our investment advisory and service fees and 10%, 12% and 13% of our net revenues during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Geographic Information

Net revenues and long-lived assets, related to our U.S. and international operations, as of and for the years ended December 31, were as follows:

	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Net revenues:
United States	$	1,901,571	$	1,829,518	$	1,779,422
International	1,127,208		1,191,209		1,225,944
Total	$	3,028,779	$	3,020,727	$	3,005,366
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	3,388,221	$	3,410,491
International	36,539		39,456
Total	$	3,424,760	$	3,449,947

Major Customers

Company-sponsored mutual funds are distributed to individual investors through broker-dealers, insurance sales representatives, banks, registered investment advisers, financial planners and other financial intermediaries. Certain subsidiaries of AXA, including AXA Advisors, LLC, have entered into selected dealer agreements with AllianceBernstein Investments and have been responsible for 2%, 4% and 3% of our open-end mutual fund sales in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. HSBC was responsible for approximately 12% of our open-end mutual fund sales in 2016. UBS AG was responsible for approximately 8% and 11% of our open-end mutual fund sales in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Neither AXA, HSBC or UBS AG is under any obligation to sell a specific amount of AB Fund shares and each also sells shares of mutual funds that it sponsors and that are sponsored by unaffiliated organizations.

AXA and the general and separate accounts of AXA Equitable (including investments by the separate accounts of AXA Equitable in the funding vehicle EQ Advisors Trust) accounted for approximately 5% of our total revenues for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. No single institutional client other than AXA and its subsidiaries accounted for more than 1% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

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21. Related Party Transactions

Mutual Funds

We provide investment management, distribution, shareholder, administrative and brokerage services to individual investors by means of retail mutual funds sponsored by our company, our subsidiaries and our affiliated joint venture companies. We provide substantially all of these services under contracts that specify the services to be provided and the fees to be charged. The contracts are subject to annual review and approval by each mutual fund’s board of directors or trustees and, in certain circumstances, by the mutual fund’s shareholders. Revenues for services provided or related to the mutual funds are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Investment advisory and services fees	$	998,892	$	1,056,227	$	1,061,677
Distribution revenues	371,604		415,380		433,063
Shareholder servicing fees	76,201		85,207		91,020
Other revenues	6,253		4,939		6,694
Bernstein Research Services	5		4		13

Also, we have receivables from AB mutual funds recorded in our consolidated statements of financial condition of $165.1 million and $160.7 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

AXA and its Subsidiaries

We provide investment management and certain administration services to AXA and its subsidiaries. In addition, AXA and its subsidiaries distribute company-sponsored mutual funds, for which they receive commissions and distribution payments. Sales of company-sponsored mutual funds through AXA and its subsidiaries aggregated approximately $0.8 billion, $1.1 billion and $1.1 billion for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Also, we are covered by various insurance policies maintained by AXA and its subsidiaries and we pay fees for technology and other services provided by AXA and its subsidiaries. Aggregate amounts included in the consolidated financial statements for transactions with AXA and its subsidiaries, as of and for the years ended December 31, are as follows:

	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Revenues:
Investment advisory and services fees	$	150,016		$	149,035		$	131,317
Bernstein Research Services	583			694			958
Distribution revenues	12,145			11,541			11,590
Other revenues	969			912			1,066
	$	163,713		$	162,182		$	144,931
Expenses:
Commissions and distribution payments to financial intermediaries	$	16,077		$	16,140		$	16,255
General and administrative	16,315			17,680			20,176
Other	1,653			1,483			1,457
	$	34,045		$	35,303		$	37,888
Balance Sheet:
Institutional investment advisory and services fees receivable	$	11,826		$	12,622
Prepaid expenses	1,461			1,431
Other due to AXA and its subsidiaries	(5,325		)	(6,231		)
	$	7,962		$	7,822

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AllianceBernstein Venture Fund I, L.P. was launched during 2006. It seeks to achieve its investment objective, which is long-term capital appreciation through equity and equity-related investments, by acquiring early-stage growth companies in private transactions. One of our subsidiaries is the general partner of the fund and, as a result, the fund is included in our consolidated financial statements, with approximately $32.7 million and $23.9 million of investments in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. AXA Equitable holds a 10% limited partnership interest in this fund.

We maintain an unfunded, non-qualified long-term incentive compensation plan known as the Capital Accumulation Plan and also have assumed obligations under contractual unfunded long-term incentive compensation arrangements covering certain former executives (“Contractual Arrangements”). The Capital Accumulation Plan was frozen on December 31, 1987, since which date no additional awards have been made. The Board may terminate the Capital Accumulation Plan at any time without cause, in which case our liability would be limited to benefits that have vested. Payment of vested benefits under both the Capital Accumulation Plan and the Contractual Arrangements generally will be made over a ten-year period commencing at retirement age. The General Partner is obligated to make capital contributions to AB in amounts equal to benefits paid under the Capital Accumulation Plan and the Contractual Arrangements. Amounts paid by the General Partner to AB for the Capital Accumulation Plan and the Contractual Arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $1.2 million, $1.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively.

Other Related Parties

The consolidated statements of financial condition include a net receivable from AB Holding as a result of cash transactions for fees and expense reimbursements. The net receivable balance included in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $12.0 million and $12.1 million, respectively.

22. Acquisitions

Acquisitions are accounted for under ASC 805, Business Combinations.

On September 23, 2016, we acquired a 100% ownership interest in Ramius Alternative Solutions LLC ("RASL"), a global alternative investment management business that, as of the acquisition date, had approximately $2.5 billion in AUM. RASL offers a range of customized alternative investment and advisory solutions to a global institutional client base. On the acquisition date, we made a cash payment of $20.5 million and recorded a contingent consideration payable of $11.9 million based on projected fee revenues over a five-year measurement period. The excess of the purchase price over the current fair value of identifiable net assets acquired resulted in the recognition of $21.9 million of goodwill. We recorded $10.0 million of definite-lived intangible assets relating to investment management contracts.

On June 20, 2014, we acquired an 81.7% ownership interest in CPH Capital Fondsmaeglerselskab A/S (“CPH”), a Danish asset management firm that managed approximately $3 billion in global core equity assets for institutional investors, for a cash payment of $64.4 million and a contingent consideration payable of $9.4 million based on projected assets under management levels over a three-year measurement period. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired resulted in the recognition of $58.1 million of goodwill. We recorded $24.1 million of definite-lived intangible assets relating to separately-managed account relationships and $3.5 million of indefinite-lived intangible assets relating to an acquired fund’s investment contract. We also recorded redeemable non-controlling interests of $16.5 million relating to the fair value of the portion of CPH we did not own. During 2015 and 2016, we purchased additional shares of CPH, bringing our ownership interest to 90.4% as of December 31, 2016.

The 2016 and 2014 acquisitions have not had a significant impact on 2016 or 2015 revenues and earnings. As a result, we have not provided supplemental pro forma information.

23. Non-controlling Interests

As discussed in Note 2, we adopted ASU 2015-02 effective January 1, 2016. As a result, we are disclosing below the components of non-controlling interest.

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Non-controlling interest in net income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 consisted of the following:

	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Consolidated VIEs	$	21,176	$	—	$	—
Consolidated private equity fund	—		5,940		487
Other	312		435		(31		)
Total non-controlling interest in net income (loss)	$	21,488	$	6,375	$	456

Non-redeemable non-controlling interest as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following:

	2016		2015
	(in thousands)
Consolidated VIEs	$	34,622	$	—
Consolidated private equity fund	—		23,171
Other	1,550		1,302
Total non-redeemable non-controlling interest	$	36,172	$	24,473

Redeemable non-controlling interest as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following:

	2016		2015
	(in thousands)
Consolidated VIEs	$	384,294	$	—
CPH Capital Fondsmaeglerselskab A/S acquisition	8,665		13,203
Total redeemable non-controlling interest	$	392,959	$	13,203

24. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

	Quarters Ended 2016
	December 31		September 30		June 30(4)		March 31(4)
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Net revenues	$	786,256	$	747,591	$	725,806	$	769,126
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	224,538	$	158,035	$	124,501	$	166,284
Basic net income per AB Unit(1)	$	0.83	$	0.58	$	0.46	$	0.61
Diluted net income per AB Unit(1)	$	0.83	$	0.58	$	0.46	$	0.60
Cash distributions per AB Unit(2)(3)	$	0.73	$	0.51	$	0.46	$	0.45

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	Quarters Ended 2015
	December 31(4)		September 30(4)		June 30(4)		March 31(4)
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Net revenues	$	726,726	$	738,693	$	792,737	$	762,571
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	159,394	$	133,308	$	147,425	$	139,800
Basic net income per AB Unit(1)	$	0.59	$	0.49	$	0.53	$	0.51
Diluted net income per AB Unit(1)	$	0.58	$	0.48	$	0.53	$	0.51
Cash distributions per AB Unit(2)(3)	$	0.56	$	0.50	$	0.54	$	0.51

(1) Basic and diluted net income per unit are computed independently for each of the periods presented. Accordingly, the sum of the quarterly net income per unit amounts may not agree to the total for the year.

(2) Declared and paid during the following quarter.

(3) Cash distributions reflect the impact of our non-GAAP adjustments.

(4) Certain prior-period amounts have been revised, see Note 2 for a discussion of the revision.

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Item 9.    Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

We did not have any changes in or disagreements with accountants in respect of accounting or financial disclosure.

Item 9A.    Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Each of AB Holding and AB maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures that is designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and the Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), to permit timely decisions regarding our disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the CEO and the CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the CEO and the CFO concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management acknowledges its responsibility for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for each of AB Holding and AB.

Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, a company’s CEO and CFO, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“USGAAP”) and includes those policies and procedures that:

• Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;

• Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP and receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and

• Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those internal control systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the reliability of financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of these inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of internal control to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of AB Holding’s and AB’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. In making its assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework(2013) (“COSO criteria”).

Based on its assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, each of AB Holding and AB maintained effective internal control over financial reporting based on the COSO criteria.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the 2016 financial statements included in this Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of each of AB Holding’s and AB’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. The report pertaining to AB can be found in Item 8. The report pertaining to AB Holding can be found in Item 8 of AB Holding's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

No changes in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the fourth quarter of 2016 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.    Other Information

We reported all information required to be disclosed on Form 8-K during the fourth quarter of 2016.

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PART III

Item 10.    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

We use “Internet Site” in Items 10 and 11 to refer to our company’s internet site, www.abglobal.com.

To contact our company’s Corporate Secretary, you may send an email to corporate_secretary@abglobal.com or write to Corporate Secretary, AllianceBernstein L.P., 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105.

General Partner

The Partnerships’ activities are managed and controlled by the General Partner. The Board of the General Partner acts as the Board of each of the Partnerships. Neither AB Unitholders nor AB Holding Unitholders have any rights to manage or control the Partnerships or to elect directors of the General Partner. The General Partner is a subsidiary of AXA.

The General Partner does not receive any compensation from the Partnerships for services rendered to them as their general partner. The General Partner holds a 1% general partnership interest in AB and 100,000 units of general partnership interest in AB Holding. Each general partnership unit in AB Holding is entitled to receive distributions equal to those received by each AB Holding Unit.

The General Partner is entitled to reimbursement by AB for any expenses it incurs in carrying out its activities as general partner of the Partnerships, including compensation paid by the General Partner to its directors and officers (to the extent such persons are not compensated directly by AB).

Board of Directors

Our Board currently consists of 11 members, including our CEO, two senior executives of AXA and certain of its subsidiaries, and eight independent directors. While we do not have a formal, written diversity policy in place, we believe that an effective board consists of a diverse group of individuals who collectively possess a variety of complementary skills and perspectives and who will work together to provide a board with the needed leadership and experience to successfully guide our company. As set forth in its charter, the Corporate Governance Committee of the Board (“Governance Committee”) assists the Board in identifying and evaluating such candidates, determining Board composition, developing and monitoring a process to assess Board effectiveness, developing and implementing corporate governance guidelines, and reviewing programs relating to matters of corporate responsibility.

As we indicate below, our directors have a combined wealth of leadership experience derived from extensive service leading large, complex organizations in their roles as either senior executives or board members and in government. Each has the integrity, business judgment, collegiality and commitment that are among the essential characteristics for a member of our Board. Collectively, they have substantive knowledge and skills applicable to our business, including expertise in areas such as regulation; public accounting and financial reporting; finance; risk management; business development; operations; technology; strategic planning; management development, succession planning and compensation; corporate governance; public policy; and international matters.

As of February 14, 2017, our directors are as follows:

Peter S. Kraus

Mr. Kraus, age 64, was elected Chairman of the Board and CEO in December 2008. Mr. Kraus has in-depth experience in financial services, including investment banking, asset management and private wealth management. From September 2008 through December 2008, he served as an executive vice president, the head of global strategy and a member of the Management Committee of Merrill Lynch & Company Inc. (“Merrill Lynch”). Prior to joining Merrill Lynch, Mr. Kraus spent 22 years with Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (“Goldman Sachs”), where he most recently served as co-head of the Investment Management Division and a member of the Management Committee, as well as head of firm-wide strategy and chairman of the Strategy Committee. Mr. Kraus also served as a co-head of the Financial Institutions Group. He was named a partner at Goldman Sachs in 1994 and managing director in 1996.

Mr. Kraus is also Chairman of the Investment Committee of Trinity College, Chairman of the Board of Overseers of the California Institute of the Arts, Co-Chair of the Friends of Carnegie International, a member of the Board of Directors of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts and the Chairman of Lincoln Center’s Art Committee, a member of the Board of Camp

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Keewaydin, and a member of the Board of Young Audiences, Inc., a non-profit organization that works with educational systems, the arts community and private and public sectors to provide arts education to children.

Mr. Kraus brings to the Board extensive knowledge of our industry and in-depth experience in financial services, including experience as our CEO for the past eight years and, previously, as co-head of the Investment Management Division and head of firm-wide strategy at Goldman Sachs.

Christopher M. Condron

Mr. Condron, age 69, was elected a Director of the General Partner in May 2001. Effective January 1, 2011, he retired as Director, CEO and President of AXA Financial, a post he had held since May 2001. Prior to retiring, he was also Chairman of the Board, CEO and President of AXA Equitable and a member of the Management Committee of AXA. Prior to joining AXA Financial, Mr. Condron served as both President and Chief Operating Officer ("COO") of Mellon Financial Corporation (“Mellon”), from 1999, and as Chairman and CEO of The Dreyfus Corporation, a subsidiary of Mellon, from 1995. Mr. Condron sits on the board of directors and the executive committee, and serves as chairman of the compensation committee, of The American Ireland Fund.

Mr. Condron brings to the Board extensive financial services, insurance and sales experience obtained throughout his career.

Denis Duverne

Mr. Duverne, age 63, was elected a Director of the General Partner in February 1996. On September 1, 2016, he was appointed Chairman of the Board of AXA after having served as Deputy CEO of AXA and a member of the Board of Directors of AXA since April 2010, when AXA changed its governance structure. Mr. Duverne was a member of the AXA Management Board from February 2003 through April 2010. He was CFO of AXA from May 2003 through December 2009. From January 2000 to May 2003, Mr. Duverne served as Group Executive Vice President-Finance, Control and Strategy. Mr. Duverne joined AXA as Senior Vice President in 1995. He is a director of AXA Financial, AXA Equitable and various other privately-held subsidiaries and affiliates of the AXA Group.

Mr. Duverne brings to the Board the highly diverse experience he has attained from the many key roles he has served for AXA.

Steven G. Elliott

Mr. Elliott, age 70, was elected a Director of the General Partner in January 2011. Until his retirement in December 2010, Mr. Elliott had served as Senior Vice Chairman of The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNY Mellon”) since 1998. In this role, he helped oversee numerous company-wide growth initiatives and co-headed the integration of The Bank of New York and Mellon from 2007 to 2009. Mr. Elliott was CFO of Mellon from 1990 to 2002 and Head of Finance from 1987 to 1990, while also leading some of Mellon’s diverse lines of business, including asset servicing, securities lending, global cash management and institutional banking. Before joining Mellon, he held senior positions at First Commerce Corporation (1986-87), Crocker National Bank (1984-86), Continental Illinois National Bank (1977-84) and United California Bank (1974-77). Since January 2011, he has been a member of the boards of directors of Huntington Bancshares Inc. (NASDAQ: HBAN) and PPL Corporation (NYSE: PPL). Since April 2011, he has served as Chairman of Huntington Bancshares’s risk oversight committee and, since January 2012, he has served as chairman of PPL Corporation’s audit committee. Mr. Elliott served as a director of Mellon (NYSE: MEL) from 2001 to the July 2007 merger with The Bank of New York and then as a director of BNY Mellon (NYSE: BK) through July 2008.

Mr. Elliott, an audit committee financial expert, brings to the Board the vast auditing and banking expertise he has gained in the financial services industry.

Deborah S. Hechinger

Ms. Hechinger, age 66, was elected a Director of the General Partner in May 2007. For the past nine years, she has been an independent consultant on non-profit governance. From 2003 to 2007, she was President and CEO of BoardSource ("BoardSource"), a leading governance resource for non-profit organizations. From 2004 to 2007, Ms. Hechinger also served as co-convener of the Governance and Fiduciary Responsibilities work group, one of the five groups established by the Panel on the Nonprofit Sector to make recommendations to Congress on ways to improve the governance and accountability of non-profit organizations. Prior to joining BoardSource, Ms. Hechinger was the Executive Vice President of the World Wildlife Fund, a large, global conservation organization, where she oversaw all fundraising, communication and operations activities. She also has served as a Deputy Comptroller and as Director of the Securities and Corporate Practices Division at the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and has held senior executive positions in the Division of Enforcement at the SEC.

Ms. Hechinger brings to the Board the significant knowledge of corporate governance matters and public policy she has gained through her extensive experience in both the private and public sectors.

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Weston M. Hicks

Mr. Hicks, age 60, was elected a Director of the General Partner in July 2005. He has been a director and the President and CEO of Alleghany Corporation (NYSE: Y, “Alleghany”), an insurance and diversified financial services holding company, since December 2004 and was Executive Vice President of Alleghany from October 2002 until December 2004. From March 2001 through October 2002, Mr. Hicks was Executive Vice President and CFO of The Chubb Corporation. Prior to joining Chubb, he was an equity research analyst with Bernstein Research Services. Also, in February 2016, Mr. Hicks joined the Investment Committee of The New York Community Trust (“NYCT”), a community foundation that manages a $2.5 billion endowment and annually grants more than $150 million to non-profit organizations.

Mr. Hicks brings to the Board extensive financial expertise, including his unique perspective as the chief executive of an unaffiliated publicly-traded company, his background as a professional investor and CFA charter holder, and his decade of experience as an equity research analyst.

Heidi S. Messer

Ms. Messer, age 47, was elected a Director of the General Partner in February 2015. Since 2007, she has served as Co-Founder and Chairman of Cross Commerce Media, host to Collective[i], a network that uses artificial intelligence to transform “Big Data” into insights and intelligence that is delivered by applications designed for business-to-business sales and other business users. In addition, Ms. Messer has served as Co-Founder and CEO of World Evolved, a platform for global investment and expansion, and she also is one of the founding members of the Zokei Network, a global network that encourages innovation across art, science, business and technology. Ms. Messer serves on the board of Partnership Fund for New York City, the board and the Operating Committee of the Brown Entrepreneurship Program, and the advisory board of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Johns Hopkins. A graduate of Harvard Law School, Ms. Messer has been a member in good standing of the New York Bar Association since 1997.

Ms. Messer brings to the Board extensive technology, investment and executive experience achieved through her roles in the formation and management of various technology companies.

Mark Pearson

Mr. Pearson, age 58, was elected a Director of the General Partner in February 2011. Also during February 2011, he succeeded Mr. Condron as Director, CEO and President of AXA Financial, and as Chairman and CEO of AXA Equitable. In September 2013, Mr. Pearson became President of AXA Equitable. In addition, he is a member of AXA's current Management Committee, as established in July 2016.

Mr. Pearson joined AXA in 1995 when AXA acquired National Mutual Funds Management Limited (presently AXA Asia Pacific Holdings Limited) and was appointed Regional Chief Executive of AXA Asia Life in 2001. In 2008, Mr. Pearson was named President and CEO of AXA Japan Holding Co., Ltd. (“AXA Japan”). Prior to joining AXA, Mr. Pearson spent approximately 20 years in the insurance sector, holding several senior management positions at National Mutual Holdings and Friends Provident.

Mr. Pearson brings to the Board the diverse financial services experience he has developed through his service as an executive, including as CEO, with AXA Financial, AXA Japan and other AXA affiliates.

Scott A. Schoen

Mr. Schoen, age 58, was elected a Director of the General Partner in July 2013.  He has served as CEO of Baylon Capital Partners, L.P. (“Baylon”), a private family investment office, since April 2013.  In addition, Mr. Schoen has served as a Senior Advisor to Thomas Lee Partners, L.P. (“THL”), a private equity firm, since 2012 and, prior thereto, held various senior management roles with THL, including Vice Chairman from 2010 to 2011, Co-President from 2003 to 2009 and Senior Managing Director from 1998 to 2003.  Mr. Schoen began his career in the investment banking group at Goldman Sachs.  He serves as chairman of the board of trustees of Partners Continuing Care and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, a member of the board of trustees of Partners Healthcare System, a member of the President’s Council of Massachusetts General Hospital, and a director of Share Our Strength.

Mr. Schoen, an audit committee financial expert, brings to the Board extensive private equity and investment banking experience, as well as his executive experience as the CEO of Baylon.

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Lorie A. Slutsky

Ms. Slutsky, age 64, was elected a Director of the General Partner in July 2002. Since January 1990, she has been President and CEO of NYCT. From 2010 to 2015, Ms. Slutsky served in various capacities at Independent Sector, including board member, Treasurer and Secretary, and also co-chaired its National Panel on the Non-Profit Sector, which focused on reducing abuse and improving governance practices at non-profit organizations. She served on the Board of Directors of BoardSource from 1999 to 2008 and served as its Chair from 2005 to 2007. Ms. Slutsky served as Trustee and Chair of the Budget Committee of Colgate University from 1989 to 1997 and as a member of the Council on Foundations from 1989 to 1995, for which she also served as Chair from 1993 to 1995. She has been a Director of AXA Financial, AXA Equitable and MONY Life Insurance Company of America ("MLOA") since September 2006. In addition, Ms. Slutsky was a member of AXA Financial’s Audit Committee from 2006 through 2010. She has been a member of AXA Financial’s Organization and Compensation Committee since 2006 and was elected Chair of the Organization and Compensation Committee in February 2012.

Ms. Slutsky brings to the Board extensive corporate governance experience achieved through her executive and managerial roles at NYCT, BoardSource, Independent Sector and various other non-profit organizations. She also brings valuable insight gained from serving on boards and board committees at certain of our parent companies.

Joshua A. Weinreich

Mr. Weinreich, age 56, was elected a Director of the General Partner in July 2013.  A career finance executive, Mr. Weinreich retired in 2004 after 20 years with Bankers Trust/Deutsche Bank where he held numerous positions, including Global Head of Hedge Funds, CEO of Deutsche Asset Management, Americas, and Chief Investment Officer and Co-Head of Bankers Trust Private Bank.  He plays key roles on several boards, which roles currently include Chairman of the Board of the Community FoodBank of New Jersey and Chairman of the Overlook Hospital Foundation Investment Committee. In addition, he is a director of Skybridge Capital Hedge Fund Portfolios and Houseparty Inc.

Mr. Weinreich brings to the Board the financial expertise and managerial skills he developed while working with Bankers Trust/Deutsche Bank and the philanthropic experiences he has cultivated since his retirement.

Executive Officers (other than Mr. Kraus)

Kate C. Burke, Head of Human Capital and Chief Talent Officer

Ms. Burke, age 45, has been Head of Human Capital and Chief Talent Officer since February 2016. She joined our firm in 2004 as an institutional equity salesperson with Bernstein Research Services and has held various managerial roles since that time. Prior to joining AB, Ms. Burke was a consultant at A.T. Kearney, where she focused on strategy, organizational design and change management.

Laurence E. Cranch, General Counsel

Mr. Cranch, age 70, has been our General Counsel since he joined our firm in 2004. Prior to joining AB, Mr. Cranch was a partner of Clifford Chance, an international law firm. Mr. Cranch joined Clifford Chance in 2000 when Rogers & Wells, a New York law firm of which he was Managing Partner, merged with Clifford Chance.

James A. Gingrich, COO

Mr. Gingrich, age 58, joined our firm in 1999 as a senior research analyst with Bernstein Research Services and has been our firm’s COO since December 2011. Prior to becoming COO, Mr. Gingrich held senior managerial positions in Bernstein Research Services, including Chairman and CEO from February 2007 to November 2011 and Global Director of Research from December 2002 to January 2007.

Robert P. van Brugge, Chairman and CEO of Bernstein Research Services

Mr. van Brugge, age 48, has been Chairman of the Board and CEO of Bernstein Research Services since December 2011. Prior to becoming Chairman and CEO, Mr. van Brugge served as Global Director of Research from January 2008 to December 2011. He joined our firm in 2002 as a senior research analyst with Bernstein Research Services.

John C. Weisenseel, CFO

Mr. Weisenseel, age 57, joined our firm in May 2012 as Senior Vice President and CFO.  From 2004 to April 2012, he worked at The McGraw Hill Companies (“McGraw Hill”), where he served initially as Senior Vice President and Corporate Treasurer and, from 2007 to April 2012, as CFO of the firm’s Standard & Poor’s subsidiary.  Prior to joining McGraw Hill, Mr. Weisenseel was Vice President and Corporate Treasurer for Barnes & Noble, Inc.  Prior to joining Barnes & Noble, he spent ten years in various derivatives trading and financial positions at Citigroup.  A Certified Public Accountant, Mr. Weisenseel also has worked at KPMG LLP.

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Changes in Directors and Executive Officers

The following changes to our directors and executive officers occurred since we filed our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015:

• On July 27, 2016, Veronique Weill, then serving as the Chief Customer Officer of AXA, joined the Board, the Compensation Committee of the Board, the Corporate Governance Committee of the Board and the Executive Committee of the Board.

• On July 27, 2016, Christian Thimann, Head of Strategy, Sustainability and Public Affairs of AXA, resigned from the Board due to competing demands on his time related to his responsibilities at AXA.

• On January 31, 2017, Ms. Weill, in connection with her departure from AXA, resigned from the Board, the Compensation Committee of the Board, the Corporate Governance Committee of the Board and the Executive Committee of the Board.

• Since February 14, 2017, Ms. Burke has been deemed an executive officer of AB.

Board Meetings

In 2016, the Board held:

• regular meetings in February, April, May, July, September and November; and

• special meetings in June and December.

Generally, the Board holds six meetings annually: in February, April, May, July or August, September and November. In addition, the Board holds special meetings or takes action by unanimous written consent as circumstances warrant. The Board has standing Executive, Audit, Governance, Compensation and Special Committees, each of which is described in further detail below. Each member of the Board attended 75% or more of the aggregate of all Board and committee meetings that he or she was entitled to attend in 2016.

Committees of the Board

The Executive Committee of the Board (“Executive Committee”) consists of Mses. Messer and Slutsky and Messrs. Condron, Duverne, Kraus (Chair) and Elliott.

The Executive Committee exercises all of the powers and authority of the Board (with limited exceptions) when the Board is not in session, or when it is impractical to assemble the full Board. The Executive Committee held three meetings in 2016.

The Governance Committee consists of Mses. Hechinger (Chair) and Slutsky and Messrs. Condron, Duverne and Kraus. The Governance Committee:

• assists the Board and the sole stockholder of the General Partner in:

• identifying and evaluating qualified individuals to become Board members; and

• determining the composition of the Board and its committees, and

• assists the Board in:

• developing and monitoring a process to assess Board effectiveness;

• developing and implementing our Corporate Governance Guidelines; and

• reviewing our policies and programs that relate to matters of corporate responsibility of the General Partner and the Partnerships.

The Governance Committee held two meetings in 2016.

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The Audit Committee of the Board (“Audit Committee”) consists of Messrs. Elliott (Chair), Hicks, Schoen and Weinreich. The primary purposes of the Audit Committee are to:

• assist the Board in its oversight of:

• the integrity of the financial statements of the Partnerships;

• the Partnerships’ status and system of compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and business conduct;

• the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualification and independence; and

• the performance of the Partnerships’ internal audit function; and

• oversee the appointment, retention, compensation, evaluation and termination of the Partnerships’ independent registered public accounting firm.

Consistent with these functions, the Audit Committee encourages continuous improvement of, and fosters adherence to, the Partnerships’ policies, procedures and practices at all levels. With respect to these matters, the Audit Committee provides an open avenue of communication among the independent registered public accounting firm, senior management, the Internal Audit Department and the Board. The Audit Committee held seven meetings in 2016.

The Compensation Committee consists of Ms. Slutsky and Messrs. Condron (Chair), Duverne, Elliott and Kraus. The Compensation Committee four meetings in 2016.  For additional information about the Compensation Committee, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Compensation Committee” in Item 11.

The functions of each of the committees discussed above are more fully described in each committee’s charter. The charters are available on our Internet Site.

The Special Committee of the Board (“Special Committee”) consists of all of the independent directors and, in 2016, included Mses. Hechinger, Messer and Slutsky and Messrs. Condron, Elliott (Chair), Hicks, Schoen and Weinreich. The Special Committee has the authority to direct and oversee any matters referred to it by the Board and/or management including, but not limited to, matters relating to conflicts of interest and the relationship among AB, AB Holding and AXA. The members of the Special Committee do not receive any compensation for their service on the Special Committee, apart from ordinary meeting fees. The Special Committee did not meet in 2016.

Audit Committee Financial Experts; Financial Literacy

In January 2016, the Governance Committee, after reviewing materials prepared by management, recommended that the Board determine that each of Messrs. Elliott and Schoen is an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of Item 407(d) of Regulation S-K. The Board so determined at its regular meeting in February 2016.

In January 2017, the Governance Committee, after reviewing materials prepared by management, recommended that the Board determine that each of Messrs. Elliott and Schoen is an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of Item 407(d) of Regulation S-K.  The Board so determined at its regular meeting in February 2017.

In January 2016, the Governance Committee, after reviewing materials prepared by management, recommended that the Board determine that each of Messrs. Elliott, Hicks, Schoen and Weinreich is financially literate and possesses accounting or related financial management expertise, as contemplated by Section 303A.07(a) of the NYSE Listed Company Manual (“Financially Literate”).  The Board so determined at its regular meeting in February 2016.

In January 2017, the Governance Committee, after reviewing materials prepared by management, recommended that the Board determine that each of Messrs. Elliott, Hicks, Schoen and Weinreich is Financially Literate. The Board so determined at its regular meeting in February 2017.

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Independence of Certain Directors

In January 2016, the Governance Committee, after reviewing materials prepared by management, recommended that the Board determine that each of Mses. Hechinger, Messer and Slutsky and Messrs. Condron, Elliott, Hicks, Schoen and Weinreich is independent. The Board considered immaterial relationships of Mr. Hicks (relating to the fact that Alleghany is a Bernstein Research Services client) and Ms. Slutsky (relating to a contribution AB made to NYCT in February 2015 and the fact that she is a member of the boards of directors of AXA Financial and AXA Equitable), and determined, at its February 2016 regular meeting, that each of Mses. Hechinger, Messer and Slutsky and Messrs. Condron, Elliott, Hicks, Schoen and Weinreich is independent within the meaning of the relevant rules.

In January 2017, the Governance Committee, after reviewing materials prepared by management, recommended that the Board determine that each of Mses. Hechinger, Messer and Slutsky and Messrs. Condron, Elliott, Hicks, Schoen and Weinreich is independent. The Board considered immaterial relationships of Mr. Hicks (relating to the fact that Alleghany is a Bernstein Research Services client) and Ms. Slutsky (relating to a contribution AB made to NYCT in February 2016 and the fact that she is a member of the boards of directors of AXA Financial and AXA Equitable), and determined, at its February 2017 regular meeting, that each of Mses. Hechinger, Messer and Slutsky and Messrs. Condron, Elliott, Hicks, Schoen and Weinreich is independent within the meaning of the relevant rules.

Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight

Leadership

The Board, together with the Governance Committee, is responsible for reviewing the Board’s leadership structure. In determining the appropriate individual to serve as our Chairman and CEO, the Board and the Governance Committee consider, among other things, the composition of the Board, the role of the Board’s lead independent director (discussed more fully below), our company’s strong corporate governance practices, and the challenges and opportunities specific to AB.

We believe that our company derives significant benefits from having one individual hold the positions of both Chairman and CEO, provided we have sufficient counter-balancing governance in place. We see significant value in having the leader in the Board room also manage the affairs of our company, and we believe any potential doubts as to our Board’s objectivity in evaluating management are offset by the lead independent director we have in place and the fact that the affirmative consent of our largest Unitholder (AXA) is required in order for any action taken by the Executive Committee or the Compensation Committee to be effective.

Lead Independent Director

Our lead independent director, Steven G. Elliott, was appointed unanimously by our Board in February 2014. He presides at all executive sessions of non-management and independent directors and makes himself available, if requested by Unitholders, for consultation and communication. Interested parties wishing to communicate directly with Mr. Elliott may send an e-mail, with “confidential” in the subject line, to our Corporate Secretary or address mail to Mr. Elliott in care of our Corporate Secretary. Our Corporate Secretary will promptly forward such e-mail or mail to Mr. Elliott. We have posted this information in the “Management & Governance” section of our Internet Site.

Risk Oversight

The Board, together with the Audit Committee, has oversight for our company’s risk management framework, which includes investment risk, credit and counterparty risk, and operational risk, and is responsible for helping to ensure that these risks are managed in a sound manner. The Board has delegated to the Audit Committee, which consists entirely of independent directors, the responsibility to consider our company’s policies and practices with respect to investment, credit and counterparty, and operational risk assessment and risk management, including discussing with management the major financial risk exposures and the steps taken to monitor and control such exposures. Members of the company's risk management team, who are responsible for identifying, managing and controlling the array of risks inherent in our company’s business and operations, make quarterly reports to the Audit Committee, which address investment, credit and counterparty, and operational risk identification, assessment and monitoring. The Chief Risk Officer, whose expertise encompasses both quantitative research and associated investment risks, makes periodic presentations to the Board. He reports directly to our Chairman and CEO and, since 2013, has had a reporting line to the Audit Committee.

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The Board has determined that its leadership and risk oversight are appropriate for our company. Mr. Kraus’s in-depth knowledge of financial services and extensive executive experience in the investment management industry make him uniquely suited to serve as our Chairman and CEO, while Mr. Elliott’s leadership and expertise have proven invaluable at enhancing the overall functioning of the Board and the Audit Committee. The Board believes that the combination of a single Chairman and CEO, a lead independent director, the Audit Committee, a specialized risk management team and significant involvement from our largest Unitholder (AXA) provide the appropriate leadership to help ensure effective risk oversight by the Board.

Code of Ethics and Related Policies

All of our directors, officers and employees are subject to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. The code is intended to comply with Section 303A.10 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act and Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act, as well as with recommendations issued by the Investment Company Institute regarding, among other things, practices and standards with respect to securities transactions of investment professionals. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics establishes certain guiding principles for all of our employees, including sensitivity to our fiduciary obligations and ensuring that we meet those obligations. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics may be found in the “Management & Governance” section of our Internet Site.

We have adopted a Code of Ethics for the CEO and Senior Financial Officers, which is intended to comply with Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Item 406 Code”). The Item 406 Code, which may be found in the “Management & Governance” section of our Internet Site, was adopted in October 2004 by the Executive Committee. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding certain amendments to, or waivers from, provisions of the Item 406 Code that apply to the CEO, the CFO and the Chief Accounting Officer by posting such information on our Internet Site. To date, there have been no such amendments or waivers.

NYSE Governance Matters

Section 303A.00 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual exempts limited partnerships from compliance with the following sections of the Manual, some of which we comply with voluntarily: Section 303A.01 (board must have a majority of independent directors), 303A.04 (corporate governance committee must have only independent directors as its members and must have a charter that addresses, among other things, the committee’s purpose and responsibilities), and 303A.05 (compensation committee must have only independent directors as its members and must have a charter that addresses, among other things, the committee’s purpose and responsibilities).

AB Holding is a limited partnership (as is AB). In addition, because the General Partner is a subsidiary of AXA, and the General Partner controls AB Holding (and AB), we believe we also would qualify for the “controlled company” exemption. However, we comply voluntarily with the charter requirements set forth in Sections 303A.04 and 303A.05.

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines (“Guidelines”) promote the effective functioning of the Board and its committees, promote the interests of the Partnerships’ respective Unitholders (with appropriate regard to the Board’s duties to the sole stockholder of the General Partner), and set forth a common set of expectations as to how the Board, its various committees, individual directors and management should perform their functions. The Guidelines may be found in the “Management & Governance” section of our Internet Site.

The Governance Committee is responsible for considering any request for a waiver under the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, the Item 406 Code, the AXA Group Compliance and Ethics Guide, and the AXA Financial Policy Statement on Ethics from any director or executive officer of the General Partner. No such waiver has been granted to date and, if a waiver is granted in the future, such waiver would be described in the “Management & Governance” section of our Internet Site.

Our Internet Site, under the heading “Contact our Directors”, provides an e-mail address for any interested party, including Unitholders, to communicate with the Board. Our Corporate Secretary reviews e-mails sent to that address and has some discretion in determining how or whether to respond, and in determining to whom such e-mails should be forwarded. In our experience, substantially all of the e-mails received are ordinary client requests for administrative assistance that are best addressed by management, or solicitations of various kinds.

The 2016 Certification by our CEO under NYSE Listed Company Manual Section 303A.12(a) was submitted to the NYSE on February 16, 2016.

Certifications by our CEO and CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 have been furnished as exhibits to this Form 10-K.

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AB Holding Unitholders and AB Unitholders may request a copy of any committee charter, the Guidelines, the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and the Item 406 Code by contacting our Corporate Secretary. The charters and memberships of the Executive, Audit, Governance and Compensation Committees may be found in the “Management & Governance” section of our Internet Site.

Fiduciary Culture

We maintain a robust fiduciary culture and, as a fiduciary, we place the interests of our clients first and foremost. We are committed to the fair and equitable treatment of all our clients, and to compliancewith all applicable rules and regulations and internal policies to which our business is subject. We pursue these goals through education of our employees to promote awareness of our fiduciary obligations, incentives that align employees’ interests with those of our clients, and a range of measures, including active monitoring, to ensure regulatory compliance. Our compliance framework includes:

• the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee (“Ethics Committee”) and the Internal Compliance Controls Committee (“Compliance Committee”), each of which consists of our executive officers and other senior executives;

• an ombudsman office, where employees and others can voice concerns on a confidential basis;

• firm-wide compliance and ethics training programs; and

• a Conflicts Officer and a Conflicts Committee, which help to identify and mitigate conflicts of interest.

The Ethics Committee oversees all matters relating to issues arising under our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and meets on a quarterly basis and at such other times as circumstances warrant. The Ethics Committee and its subcommittee, the Personal Trading Subcommittee, have oversight of personal trading by our employees.

The Compliance Committee reviews compliance issues throughout our firm, endeavors to develop solutions to those issues as they may arise from time to time and oversees implementation of those solutions. The Compliance Committee meets on a quarterly basis and at such other times as circumstances warrant.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires directors of the General Partner and executive officers of the Partnerships, and persons who own more than 10% of the AB Holding Units or AB Units, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of AB Holding Units or AB Units. To the best of our knowledge, during 2016, we complied with all Section 16(a) filing requirements. Our Section 16 filings can be found under “Investor & Media Relations” / “Reports & SEC Filings” on our Internet Site.

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Item 11.    Executive Compensation

Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”)

Compensation Philosophy and Goals

The intellectual capital of our employees is collectively the most important asset of our firm. We invest in people—we hire qualified people, train them, encourage them to give their best thinking to the firm and our clients, and compensate them in a manner designed to motivate, reward and retain them while aligning their interests with the interests of our Unitholders.

We structure our named executive officer compensation programs with the intent of enhancing firm-wide and individual performance and Unitholder value. Our "named executive officers" are:

Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”)	Peter S. Kraus
Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”)	John C. Weisenseel
Three other most highly-compensated executive officers	James A. Gingrich, Chief Operating Officer Robert P. van Brugge, Chairman and CEO of Bernstein Research Services Laurence E. Cranch, General Counsel

We also are focused on ensuring that our compensation practices are competitive with industry peers and provide sufficient potential for wealth creation for our named executive officers and our employees generally, which we believe will enable us to meet the following key compensation goals:

• attract, motivate and retain highly-qualified executive talent;

• reward prior year performance;

• incentivize future performance;

• recognize and support outstanding individual performance and behaviors that demonstrate and foster our firm’s culture of "Relentless Ingenuity", which includes the core competencies of relentlessness, ingeniousness, collaboration and accountability; and

• align our executives’ long-term interests with those of our Unitholders and clients.

Compensation Elements for Named Executive Officers

We utilize a variety of compensation elements to achieve the goals described above, consisting of base salary, annual short-term incentive compensation awards (cash bonuses), a long-term incentive compensation award program, a defined contribution plan and certain other benefits, each of which we discuss in detail below:

Base Salaries

Base salaries comprise a relatively small portion of our named executive officers’ total compensation. We consider individual experience, responsibilities and tenure with the firm when determining the narrow range of base salaries paid to our named executive officers other than Mr. Kraus (for information relating to Mr. Kraus's compensation elements, please refer to "Overview of Our CEO's Compensation" below).

Annual Short-Term Incentive Compensation Awards (Cash Bonuses)

We provide our named executive officers, other than Mr. Kraus, with annual short-term incentive compensation awards in the form of cash bonuses.

We believe that annual cash bonuses, which generally reflect individual performance and the firm’s current year financial performance, provide a short-term retention mechanism for our named executive officers, other than Mr. Kraus, because such bonuses typically are paid during the last week of the year.

In 2016, we paid annual cash bonuses in late December. These bonuses, and the 2016 long-term incentive compensation awards described immediately below, were based on management’s evaluation, subject to the Compensation Committee’s review and approval, of each named executive officer’s performance during the year, the performance of the executive’s business unit or function compared to business and operational goals established at the beginning of the year, and the firm's current-year

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financial performance.  For more information regarding the factors considered when determining cash bonuses for executives, see “Other Factors Considered When Determining Named Executive Officer Compensation” below.

Long-Term Incentive Compensation Awards

A substantial portion of long-term incentive compensation awards generally is denominated in restricted AB Holding Units. We utilize this structure to align our named executive officers’ long-term interests directly with the interests of our Unitholders and indirectly with the interests of our clients, as strong performance for our clients generally contributes directly to increases in assets under management and improved financial performance for the firm.

We believe that annual long-term incentive compensation awards provide a long-term retention mechanism for our named executive officers because such awards generally vest ratably over four years. In 2016, these awards, which were granted in December to each named executive officer (other than Mr. Kraus), were made pursuant to the Incentive Compensation Program, an unfunded, non-qualified incentive compensation plan, and, when the award is AB Holding Unit-based, the 2010 Plan, our equity compensation plan. 

Employees, except certain members of senior management, can elect to diversify their long-term incentive compensation awards by allocating up to 50% of their awards to cash, up to a maximum cash amount of $250,000 (“Deferred Cash”). The portion of an award allocated to Deferred Cash is subject to the same multi-year vesting periods (generally, four years) as the portion of the award allocated to restricted AB Holding Units.

With respect to both restricted AB Holding Units and Deferred Cash, award recipients who resign or are terminated without cause continue to vest in their long-term incentive compensation awards if the award recipients comply with certain agreements and restrictive covenants set forth in the applicable award agreement, including restrictions on competition, restrictions on employee and client solicitation, and a claw-back for failing to follow existing risk management policies.  As such, for accounting purposes, there is no employee service requirement and awards are fully expensed when granted.  As used in this Item 11, “vest” refers to the time at which the awards are no longer subject to forfeiture for breach of these restrictions or risk management policies, which we discuss further below in “Consideration of Risk Matters in Determining Compensation”.

Prior to vesting, withdrawals of the restricted AB Holding Units and/or Deferred Cash underlying an award are not permitted. Upon vesting, the AB Holding Units and/or Deferred Cash underlying an award are distributed unless the award recipient has, in advance, voluntarily elected to defer receipt to future periods. Quarterly cash distributions on vested and unvested restricted AB Holding Units are paid to award recipients when distributed generally. If Deferred Cash is elected, interest accrues monthly based on our monthly weighted average cost of funds and is credited to the award recipient annually. Our weighted average cost of funds during 2016 was approximately 0.6%, representing a nominal return.

Defined Contribution Plan

U.S. employees of AB, including each of our named executive officers, are eligible to participate in the Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of AB (as amended and restated as of January 1, 2015 and as further amended as of January 1, 2017, “Profit Sharing Plan”), a tax-qualified retirement plan. The Compensation Committee determines the amount of company contributions (both the level of annual matching by the firm of an employee’s pre-tax salary deferral contributions and the annual company profit sharing contribution, if any).

For 2016, the Compensation Committee determined that employee deferral contributions would be matched on a dollar-for-dollar basis up to 5% of eligible compensation and that there would be no profit sharing contribution.

Other Benefits

Our firm pays the premiums associated with life insurance policies purchased on behalf of our named executive officers.

Overview of 2016 Incentive Compensation Program

In 2016, each of our named executive officers, other than Mr. Kraus, received a portion of his incentive compensation in the form of an annual cash bonus and a portion in the form of long-term incentive compensation (as described above, at least 50% of which must have been allocated to restricted AB Holding Units). The split between the annual cash bonus and long-term incentive compensation varied depending on the named executive officer’s total compensation, with lower-paid executives receiving a greater percentage of their incentive compensation as cash bonuses than more highly-paid executives.  (For additional information about these compensatory elements, see “Compensation Elements for Named Executive Officers” above.)

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Although estimates are developed for budgeting and strategic planning purposes, our named executive officers' incentive compensation is not correlated with meeting any specific targets.  Instead, the aggregate amount of incentive compensation paid to our named executive officers generally is determined on a discretionary basis and primarily is a function of our firm’s current year financial performance. Amounts are awarded to help us achieve our goal of attracting, motivating and retaining top talent while also helping to ensure that our executives' goals are appropriately aligned with the goal of increasing our Unitholders' return on their investment.

Senior management, with the approval of the Compensation Committee, confirmed that the appropriate metric to consider in determining the amount of incentive compensation paid to all employees, including our named executive officers, in respect of 2016 is the ratio of adjusted employee compensation and benefits expense to adjusted net revenues, which terms are described immediately below:

• Adjusted employee compensation and benefits expense is our total employee compensation and benefits expense minus other employment costs such as recruitment, training, temporary help and meals, and excludes the impact of mark-to-market vesting expense, as well as dividends and interest expense, associated with employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments.

• Adjusted net revenues (see our discussion of “Management Operating Metrics” in Item 7)exclude investment gains and losses and dividends and interest on employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments. In addition, adjusted net revenues offset distribution-related payments to third parties as well as amortization of deferred sales commissions against distribution revenues. We also exclude from adjusted net revenues additional pass-through expenses we incur (primarily through our transfer agent) that are reimbursed and recorded as fees in revenues. Additionally, adjusted net revenues, effective January 1, 2016, as a result of our having adopted a new accounting standard (see Note 2 to AB's consolidated financial statements in Item 8), reflect the fact that we account forour consolidated venture capital fund in the same manner as our other consolidated VIEs. Specifically, we adjust for the revenue impact of consolidating VIEs by eliminating the consolidated VIEs' revenues and including AB's fees from such VIEs and AB's investment gains and losses on its investments in such VIEs that were eliminated in consolidation. Also, we excluded from adjusted net revenues a gain of $75.3 million we realized in the first quarter of 2016 resulting from the liquidation of an investment in Jasper Wireless Technologies, Inc., which was acquired by Cisco Systems, Inc., because it was not part of our core operating results.

In addition, senior management, with the approval of the Compensation Committee, determined that the firm’s adjusted employee compensation and benefits expense generally should not exceed 50.0% of our adjusted net revenues, except in unexpected or unusual circumstances. As the table below indicates, in 2016, adjusted employee compensation and benefits expense amounted to approximately 48.5% of adjusted net revenues (in thousands):

Net Revenues	$	3,028,779
Adjustments (see above)	(559,465		)
Adjusted Net Revenues	$	2,469,314
Employee Compensation & Benefits Expense	$	1,229,721
Adjustments (see above)	(31,122		)
Adjusted Employee Compensation & Benefits Expense	$	1,198,599
Adjusted Compensation Ratio	48.5		%

Our 2016 adjusted compensation ratio of approximately 48.5% reflects the need to keep compensation levels competitive with industry peers in order to attract, motivate and retain highly-qualified executive talent.

Benchmarking

In 2016, management retained McLagan Partners (“McLagan”) to provide compensation benchmarking data for our named executive officers ("McLagan Data"). The McLagan Data summarized 2015 compensation levels and 2016 salaries at selected asset management companies and banks comparable to ours in terms of size and business mix (“Comparable Companies”), to assist us in determining the appropriate level of compensation for the firm’s named executive officers, other than Mr. Kraus.

The McLagan Data provided ranges of compensation levels at the Comparable Companies for executive positions similar to those held by our named executive officers, including base salary and total compensation.

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The Comparable Companies, which management selected with input from McLagan, included:

Bank of America Merrill Lynch	Barclays Capital Group	Citigroup Inc.
Credit Suisse Group AG	Deutsche Bank AG	Eaton Vance Corp.
Franklin Resources, Inc.	Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.	Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P.
Invesco Ltd.	JPMorgan Chase & Co.	JPMorgan Asset Management Inc.
Legg Mason, Inc.	MFS Investment Management	Morgan Stanley
Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc.	Neuberger Berman LLC	Oppenheimer Funds Distributor, Inc.
PIMCO LLC	Prudential Investments	T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.
TIAA Group	UBS AG	The Vanguard Group, Inc.

The McLagan Data indicated that the total compensation paid to our named executive officers in 2016 generally fell within or below the ranges of total compensation paid to executives at the Comparable Companies.

The Compensation Committee considered this information in concluding that the compensation levels paid in 2016 to our named executive officers were appropriate and reasonable.

Other Factors Considered When Determining Named Executive Officer Compensation

We base decisions about the incentive compensation of our named executive officers, other than Mr. Kraus, primarily on our assessment of each executive’s leadership, operational performance, and potential to enhance investment returns and service for our clients, all of which contribute to long-term Unitholder value. We do not utilize quantitative formulas when determining the incentive compensation of our named executive officers. Instead, we rely on our judgment about each executive’s performance in light of business and operational goals established at the beginning of the year and reviewed in the context of the current-year financial performance of the firm. We begin this process, which is conducted by our CEO and COO working with other members of senior management, by determining the total incentive compensation amounts available for a particular year (as more fully explained above in “Overview of 2016 Incentive Compensation Program”).

Our CEO and COO, as well as the Compensation Committee, then consider a number of key factors for each of the named executive officers (other than Mr. Kraus, our CEO, whose compensation is described below in "Overview of Our CEO's Compensation"). Specific factors will vary among business units, among individuals and during different business cycles, so we do not adopt any specific weighting or formula under which these metrics are applied.  Key factors we consider are:

• the firm’s financial performance in the current year;

• the named executive officer’s performance compared to individual business and operational goals established at the beginning of the year;

• the firm’s strategic and operational considerations;

• total compensation awarded to the named executive officer in the previous year;

• the increase or decrease in the current year’s total incentive compensation amounts available;

• the contribution of the named executive officer to our overall financial results;

• the nature, scope and level of responsibilities of the named executive officer;

• the named executive officer’s execution of our firm’s culture of Relentless Ingenuity; and

• the named executive officer’s management effectiveness, talent development, and adherence to risk management and regulatory compliance.

Our CEO and COO then provided specific incentive compensation recommendations to the Compensation Committee, which recommendations were supported by the factors listed above. The CEO and COO also provided the Compensation Committee with the McLagan Data, which was not used in a formulaic or mechanical way to determine named executive officer compensation levels, but rather, as noted above, provided the Compensation Committee with compensation levels paid to executives at the Comparable Companies. The Compensation Committee then made the final incentive compensation decisions.

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We have described in the table below the business and operational goals established at the beginning of 2016 for our named executive officers, other than Mr. Kraus, and their achievements during 2016:

Named Executive Officer	2016 Business and Operational Goals	2016 Goals Achieved
James A. Gingrich COO	1. increase operating efficiency/margins; 2. optimize strategy and sales efforts of Retail, Institutions and Private Wealth; 3. enhance planning and organizational processes; 4. optimize revenue and profitability of Bernstein Research Services; 5. foster a culture of meritocracy, empowerment and accountability among business leaders; and 6. recruit and retain top talent.	1. contained operating costs and improved adjusted operating margin; 2. oversaw team acquisitions in alternatives; 3. oversaw organizational and process changes within distribution functions designed to enhance cost structure and efficiencies; 4. helped improve Bernstein Research Services cost structure; and 5. helped recruit new personnel in several key positions.
Robert P. van Brugge Chairman and CEO, Bernstein Research Services	1. optimize revenue and profitability of Bernstein Research Services; 2. further enhance this unit’s research capabilities, trading services and product array; 3. extend this unit’s geographic platform; and 4. attract, motivate and retain top talent.	1. increased Bernstein Research Services profitability; 2. achieved excellent results in third-party research and trading surveys; 3. increased the commercial success of our firm's sell-side trading platform; and 4. continued to expand the sell-side business in Asia.
Laurence E. Cranch General Counsel	1. address new compliance challenges and maintain and improve our firm's good compliance record, including with respect to new regulatory initiatives; 2. improve the level of client service, including through improvements to productivity and efficiency while using existing resources; 3. develop and retain high quality talent by identifying opportunities to promote from within, and promote diversity; 4. manage the firm's legal risk, including by resolving the Philips matter and by proactively managing the firm's activities and relationships to help avoid future litigation and regulatory issues; and 5. manage expenses, including overall compensation expense, and continue to manage outside counsel and other department expenses.	1. provided leadership with respect to several significant regulatory developments that required analysis and compliance program development, including particularly the Department of Labor fiduciary duty rules ("DOL Rules"), and required strict adherence to our firm's compliance policies and procedures and its fiduciary duties to clients; 2. received positive evaluations from senior business leaders with respect to the performance of the Legal and Compliance Department and implemented changes that made this department more productive and efficient; 3. promoted several individuals from within the department, which has enhanced morale and improved work quality, and recruited high quality talent to fill open positions, in each case while making progress on our goal of improving diversity; 4. settled the Philips litigation, proactively addressed the exposure to liability faced by our firm with respect to litigation brought against 401(k) plan sponsors and their fiduciary advisers, and focused on implementation of the DOL Rules to manage the risks to our firm with respect to possible class action litigation that may be brought as a result of provisions in the rule's best interest contract exemption; and 5. continued to actively manage outside counsel expenses.

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Named Executive Officer	2016 Business and Operational Goals	2016 Goals Achieved
John C. Weisenseel CFO	1. increase the firm's profitability by controlling expenses; 2. evaluate and support new business development opportunities; 3. manage business funding requirements within the context of the firm’s capital and liquidity; 4. continue to streamline the firm's office footprint; 5. ensure adherence to internal control structure and financial reporting standards; 6. continue communications with the firm's investors and credit rating agencies; and 7. identify and develop the next generation of leaders in the Finance and Administrative Services Departments.	1. decreased non-compensation expenses compared to 2015; 2. provided accounting and tax guidance in structuring, integrating and funding business development opportunities; 3. repurchased AB Holding Units to offset earnings per unit dilution, which otherwise would result from employee equity-based compensation awards; 4. secured an additional $200 million credit facility to support short-term liquidity requirements; 5. sub-leased additional space in NY metro and London offices and identified potential office space efficiency strategies for NY headquarters and Hong Kong; 6. enhanced internal financial reporting, including an increased focus on management operating metrics, to provide more useful information to senior management; 7. maintained active discussion with AB's investor community and credit rating agencies and participated in the asset management industry annual CFO roundtable; and 8. implemented several staffing changes in the Finance and Administrative Services Departments, providing better client service within our firm while reducing costs.

As indicated in the table above, each of the named executive officers included in the table successfully achieved his goals in 2016. The compensation of each of these named executive officers reflected Mr. Kraus’s and the Compensation Committee’s judgment in assessing the importance of the officer's achievements to our firm’s financial results.

Overview of Our CEO’s Compensation

In 2016, Mr. Kraus was compensated for his services as Chairman of the Board and CEO based on the terms set forth in his employment agreement dated as of June 21, 2012 (“Kraus Employment Agreement”). The Kraus Employment Agreement commenced on January 3, 2014 and terminates on January 2, 2019 (“Employment Term”), unless it is terminated earlier in accordance with its terms.  Although the Employment Term did not commence until January 3, 2014, certain provisions of the Kraus Employment Agreement became effective on June 21, 2012, the date the agreement was signed, including those provisions summarized below pertaining to the grant of 2,722,052 restricted AB Holding Units to Mr. Kraus (“June 2012 Grant”) and termination of his employment.

The terms of the Kraus Employment Agreement were the result of arm’s-length negotiations between Mr. Kraus, members of the Compensation Committee, who discussed this matter during four Special Meetings of the Compensation Committee held in 2012, and other members of the Board.   In addition, the Compensation Committee considered comparative compensation benchmarking data (“Johnson Data”) from Johnson Associates, Inc., a compensation consultant engaged by the Compensation Committee. The Johnson Data provided ranges of CEO compensation levels for 2011 at selected asset management companies and banks comparable to ours in terms of size and business mix, including salary, cash bonus, total cash compensation and total compensation. The comparable companies, which management selected with input from Johnson Associates, included:

Affiliated Managers Group, Inc.	Ameriprise Financial, Inc.	The Bank of New York Mellon Corp.
BlackRock Financial Management, Inc.	Credit Suisse Asset Management LLC	Eaton Vance Corp.
Federated Investors, Inc.	Franklin Resources, Inc.	Invesco Ltd.
Janus Capital Group Inc.	JPMorgan Asset Management Inc.	Lazard Ltd.
Legg Mason, Inc.	Morgan Stanley	Northern Trust Corporation
State Street Global Advisors Ltd.	T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.

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In addition, the Johnson Data indicated that the compensation terms for Mr. Kraus set forth in the Kraus Employment Agreement were fully competitive and consistent with industry standards given our firm's size, scope and complexity, the importance of CEO continuity, Mr. Kraus's experience and integral role in the ongoing execution of our firm's long-term growth strategy, and the allocation of Mr. Kraus's compensation more heavily to restricted equity.

The Compensation Committee and the Executive Committee, based on the Johnson Data and other inquiry as needed, decided to structure the allocation of Mr. Kraus’s compensation under the Kraus Employment Agreement heavily toward the June 2012 Grant.  For information regarding the Executive Committee, see “Committees of the Board” in Item 10.

Compensation Elements

Base Salary

Mr. Kraus’s annual base salary under the Kraus Employment Agreement, which originally was set at $275,000, was increased to $400,000 by the Compensation Committee, effective January 1, 2014. This amount is comparable to the annual base salary paid to our most senior executives generally and is consistent with our firm’s policy to keep base salaries of executives and other highly-compensated employees low in relation to total compensation. Any future increase to Mr. Kraus's base salary is entirely in the discretion of the Compensation Committee.

Cash Bonus

Mr. Kraus did not receive a cash bonus for 2016, nor is he entitled to receive a future cash bonus during the remainder of the Employment Term. Any future cash bonus that may be paid to Mr. Kraus is entirely in the discretion of the Compensation Committee.

Restricted AB Holding Units

Mr. Kraus was awarded the June 2012 Grant upon execution of the Kraus Employment Agreement, on June 21, 2012. The size of the June 2012 Grant, which had a value of approximately $33 million based on the market price of an AB Holding Unit on June 21, 2012, reflected the determination by Mr. Kraus and the Board that this was a reasonable and appropriate amount of long-term incentive compensation in view of Mr. Kraus’s expertise and experience, his past compensation, and the compensation of the CEOs included in the Johnson Data.

Subject to accelerated vesting clauses in the Kraus Employment Agreement (e.g., immediate vesting upon a “change in control” of our firm, as discussed in detail below), the June 2012 Grant vests ratably on each of the first five anniversaries of December 19, 2013, commencing December 19, 2014, provided, with respect to each installment, Mr. Kraus continues to be employed by AB on the vesting date.  However, Mr. Kraus elected to delay delivery of all of the restricted AB Holding Units until December 19, 2018, the final vesting date, subject to acceleration upon a “change in control” of our firm and certain qualifying events of termination of employment (see “Terms Relating to Change in Control and Termination of Employment” below).

During the Employment Term, Mr. Kraus is paid the cash distributions payable with respect to his unvested and vested restricted AB Holding Units until the AB Holding Units are delivered or forfeited.  These cash distributions generally are paid at the time distributions are made to AB Holding Unitholders.

As noted above, Mr. Kraus did not receive an equity-based award for 2016, nor is he entitled to receive a future equity award during the remainder of the Employment Term.  Accordingly, during the Employment Term, the totality of Mr. Kraus's compensation (other than his base salary) is and, absent any additional awards the Compensation Committee may choose to grant, will continue to be, dependent on the level of cash distributions on the restricted AB Holding Units granted to Mr. Kraus and the evolution of the trading price of an AB Holding Unit, both of which are partially dependent on the financial and operating results of our firm.  Therefore, his long-term interests are, and will continue to be, aligned directly with the interests of our Unitholders and indirectly with the interests of our clients, as strong performance for our clients generally contributes directly to increases in assets under management and improved financial performance for the firm.

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Perquisites and Benefits

Under the Kraus Employment Agreement, Mr. Kraus is entitled to receive the following perquisites and benefits:

• personal use of company aircraft (provided he reimburses the company for any incremental cost resulting from such use), and the ability to have family members accompany him on company aircraft when Mr. Kraus travels for business purposes (provided that taxable income is imputed to him for any business flight on which family members are aboard);

• personal use of a company car and driver;

• following termination of his employment due to death or disability, continued health and welfare benefits (see note 5 to “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” table below for additional information); and

• following termination of his employment by AB without cause or by Mr. Kraus for good reason, payments equal to the cost of COBRA coverage for the period for which he is entitled to COBRA.

Terms Relating to Change in Control and Termination of Employment

The June 2012 Grant will vest immediately upon a “change in control” of our firm.  A change in control is defined as:

• AXA ceasing to control the management of AB’s business; or

• AB Holding ceasing to be publicly traded.

Mr. Kraus negotiated the change-in-control provisions described immediately above in order to ensure that AB would continue to be operated as a separately-managed entity and with a certain degree of independence and that AB Holding would continue as a publicly-traded entity. Both AXA and Mr. Kraus believed that these arrangements added significant value to AB. The Board understood that AXA had no intention of changing these arrangements during the Employment Term and, accordingly, concluded that the change-in-control provisions were acceptable and necessary in order to retain Mr. Kraus.

The Kraus Employment Agreement also provides for the immediate vesting of the next two installments of restricted AB Holding Units (or the final installment, if only one installment remains unvested as of the termination date) upon certain qualifying terminations of employment, including termination of Mr. Kraus’s employment:

• by AB without cause, where “cause” includes, among other things:

• the continued, willful failure by Mr. Kraus to perform substantially his duties with AB after a written demand for substantial performance is delivered to him by the Board;

• Mr. Kraus’s conviction of, or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, a crime that constitutes a felony;

• the willful engaging by Mr. Kraus in misconduct that is materially and demonstrably injurious to AB or any of its affiliates;

• the willful breach by Mr. Kraus of the covenant not to disclose any confidential information pertaining to AB or its affiliates or the covenant not to compete with AB or its affiliates; or

• Mr. Kraus’s failure to comply with a material written company workplace policy applicable to him, and

• by Mr. Kraus for good reason, where “good reason” generally includes actions taken by AB resulting in a material negative change in Mr. Kraus’s employment relationship, such as:

• assignment to Mr. Kraus of duties materially inconsistent with his position;

• any material breach of the Kraus Employment Agreement by AB;

• a requirement by AB that Mr. Kraus be based at any office or location more than 25 miles commuting distance from company headquarters; or

• a requirement that Mr. Kraus report to an officer or employee of AB instead of reporting directly to the Board and the CEO of AXA.

In addition, if Mr. Kraus dies or becomes disabled during the Employment Term, Mr. Kraus immediately will vest in a pro-rated portion of any restricted AB Holding Units otherwise due to vest on the next vesting date.

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Mr. Kraus negotiated the provisions described immediately above in order to preserve the value of his long-term incentive compensation arrangement. The Board agreed to these provisions because they were typical of executive compensation agreements for executives at Mr. Kraus’s level, they provided Mr. Kraus with effective incentives for future performance, and because the Board concluded that they were necessary to retain Mr. Kraus.

The Board also concluded that the change-in-control and termination provisions in the Kraus Employment Agreement fit within AB’s overall compensation objectives because these provisions, which aligned with AB’s goal of providing Mr. Kraus with effective incentives for future performance:

• permitted AB to retain a highly-qualified chief executive officer;

• aligned Mr. Kraus’s long-term interests with those of AB’s Unitholders and clients;

• were consistent with AXA’s and the Board’s expectations with respect to the manner in which AB and AB Holding would be operated during Mr. Kraus’s tenure; and

• were consistent with the Board’s expectations that Mr. Kraus would not be terminated without cause and that no steps would be taken that would provide him with the ability to terminate the agreement for good reason.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee consists of Ms. Slutsky and Messrs. Condron (Chair), Duverne, Elliott and Kraus. The Compensation Committee held four meetings in 2016.

As discussed in “NYSE Governance Matters” in Item 10, AB Holding, as a limited partnership, is exempt from NYSE rules that require public companies to have a compensation committee consisting solely of independent directors. AXA owns, indirectly, an approximate 63.7% economic interest in AB (as of December 31, 2016), and compensation expense is a significant component of our financial results. For these reasons, Mr. Duverne, Chairman of the Board of AXA, is a member of the Compensation Committee, and any action taken by the Compensation Committee requires the affirmative vote or consent of an AXA representative.

The Compensation Committee has general oversight of compensation and compensation-related matters, including:

• determining cash bonuses;

• determining contributions and awards under incentive plans or other compensation arrangements (whether qualified or non-qualified) for employees of AB and its subsidiaries, and amending or terminating such plans or arrangements or any welfare benefit plan or arrangement or making recommendations to the Board with respect to adopting any new incentive compensation plan, including equity-based plans;

• reviewing and approving the compensation of our CEO, evaluating his performance, and determining and approving his compensation level based on this evaluation; and

• reviewing and discussing the CD&A, and recommending to the Board its inclusion in the Partnerships’ Forms 10-K and, when applicable, proxy statements.

The Compensation Committee’s year-end process generally has focused on the cash bonuses and long-term incentive compensation awards granted to senior management. Mr. Kraus is an active member of the Compensation Committee, but he does not participate in any committee discussions or votes regarding his own compensation. Mr. Kraus, working with the COO and other members of senior management, provides recommendations for individual employee awards to the Compensation Committee for its consideration. As part of this process, management provides the committee with compensation benchmarking data from one or more compensation consultants. For 2016, we paid $26,750 to McLagan for executive compensation benchmarking data and an additional $409,931 for survey and consulting services relating to the amount and form of compensation paid to employees other than executives.

The Compensation Committee held its regularly-scheduled meeting regarding year-end compensation on December 9, 2016, at which meeting it discussed and approved senior management’s compensation recommendations. The Compensation Committee did not retain its own consultants.

The Compensation Committee’s functions are more fully described in the committee’s charter, which is available on-line in the “Management & Governance” section of our Internet Site.

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Other Compensation-Related Matters

AB and AB Holding are, respectively, private and public limited partnerships, and are subject to taxes other than federal and state corporate income tax (see “Structure-related Risks” in Item 1A and Note 19 to AB’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8). Accordingly, Section 162(m) of the Code, which limits tax deductions relating to executive compensation otherwise available to entities taxed as corporations, is not applicable to either AB or AB Holding.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

Mr. Duverne is the Chairman of the Board of AXA, the ultimate parent company of the General Partner.

Mr. Kraus is Chairman of the Board and CEO of the General Partner and, accordingly, also serves in that capacity for AB and AB Holding. No executive officer of AB serves as (i) a member of a compensation committee or (ii) a director of another entity, an executive officer of which serves as a member of AB's Compensation Committee or Board.

Compensation Committee Report

The members of the Compensation Committee reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis set forth above and, based on such review and discussion, recommended to the Board its inclusion in this Form 10-K.

Christopher M. Condron (Chair)	Denis Duverne
Steven G. Elliott	Peter S. Kraus
Lorie A. Slutsky

Consideration of Risk Matters in Determining Compensation

In 2016, we considered whether our compensation practices for employees, including our named executive officers, encourage unnecessary or excessive risk-taking and whether any risks arising from our compensation practices are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our firm. For the reasons set forth below, we have determined that our current compensation practices do not create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our firm.

As described above in “Compensation Elements for Named Executive Officers – Long-Term Incentive Compensation Awards”, a substantial portion of each long-term incentive compensation award granted to an eligible employee is denominated in AB Holding Units that are not distributed until subsequent years, so the ultimate value that the employee derives from the award depends on the long-term performance of the firm. Denominating a substantial portion of the award in restricted AB Holding Units and deferring their delivery sensitizes employees to risk outcomes and discourages them from taking excessive risks that could lead to a decrease in the value of the AB Holding Units. Furthermore, and as noted above in “Compensation Elements for Named Executive Officers – Long-Term Incentive Compensation Awards”, generally all outstanding long-term incentive compensation awards include a provision permitting us to “claw-back” the unvested portion of an employee’s long-term incentive compensation award (whether denominated in restricted AB Holding Units or Deferred Cash) if the Compensation Committee determines that (i) the employee failed to follow existing risk management policies and (ii) as a result of the employee’s failure, there has been or reasonably could be expected to be a material adverse impact on our firm or the employee’s business unit.

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Summary Compensation Table for 2016

Total compensation of our named executive officers for 2016, 2015 and 2014, as applicable, is as follows:

Name and Principal  Position	Year	Salary($)	Bonus($)	Stock Awards(1)(2) ($)	All Other Compensation ($)	Total($)
Peter S. Kraus(3)	2016	400,000	—	—	5,954,676	6,354,676
Chairman and CEO	2015	400,000	—	—	6,544,627	6,944,627
	2014	411,539	—	—	6,374,364	6,785,903
James A. Gingrich(4)	2016	400,000	3,540,000	3,260,000	828,361	8,028,361
Chief Operating Officer	2015	400,000	3,940,000	3,660,000	892,863	8,892,863
	2014	415,385	3,940,000	3,660,000	872,272	8,887,657
Robert P. van Brugge	2016	400,000	1,890,000	1,610,000	324,696	4,224,696
Chairman and CEO of SCB LLC	2015	400,000	2,040,000	1,760,000	339,762	4,539,762
	2014	415,385	1,940,000	1,660,000	327,253	4,342,638
Laurence E. Cranch(5)	2016	400,000	890,000	610,000	326,556	2,226,556
General Counsel	2015	400,000	915,000	635,000	334,969	2,284,969
John C. Weisenseel	2016	375,000	977,500	672,500	111,505	2,136,505
CFO	2015	375,000	915,000	610,000	129,559	2,029,559
	2014	389,423	800,000	500,000	135,457	1,824,880

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) The figures in the “Stock Awards” column provide the aggregate grant date fair value of the awards calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. For the assumptions made in determining these values, see Note 17 to AB’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

(2) See “Grants of Plan-based Awards in 2016” below for information regarding the 2016 long-term incentive compensation awards granted to our named executive officers.

(3) Mr. Kraus’s compensation structure is set forth in the Kraus Employment Agreement, the terms of which are described above in “Overview of Our CEO’s Compensation”.

(4) On February 13, 2017, the Compensation Committee approved a grant to Mr Gingrich of restricted AB Holding Units with a value of $21 million (based on the average closing price on the NYSE of an AB Holding Unit for the period covering the four trading days immediately preceding the grant date, the grant date and the five trading days immediately following the grant date), in lieu of cash bonus and long-term incentive compensation awards for 2017, 2018 and 2019 for which Mr. Gingrich otherwise would have been eligible under the Incentive Compensation Program; provided, Mr. Gingrich will be eligible to receive at the end of each such year an additional cash bonus, to the extent approved by the Compensation Committee. Mr. Gingrich's restricted AB Holding Units will vest (after which they are no longer subject to forfeiture) ratably on each of December 1, 2017, 2018 and 2019, provided, with respect to each installment, Mr. Gingrich continues to be employed by our firm.

(5) We have not provided 2014 compensation for Mr. Cranch because he was not a named executive officer in 2014.

The “All Other Compensation” column includes the aggregate incremental cost to our company of certain other expenses and perquisites. For 2016, this column includes the following:

Name	Quarterly Distributions on AB Holding Unit Awards ($)	Aircraft-related Imputed Income ($)		Personal Use of Car and Driver ($)		Contributions to Profit Sharing Plan ($)	Life Insurance Premiums ($)	Financial Planning Services ($)
Peter S. Kraus(1)	5,716,309	39,792	(4)	185,325	(5)	13,250	—	—
James A. Gingrich(2)	791,716	—		—		13,250	1,806	21,589
Robert P. van Brugge	310,816	—		—		13,250	630	—
Laurence E. Cranch(3)	308,115	—		—		13,250	5,191	—
John C. Weisenseel	96,578	—		—		13,250	1,677	—

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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Includes $2,858,154 paid on AB Holding Units that have not yet vested and $2,858,155 paid on AB Holding Units that have vested but with respect to which delivery has been voluntarily deferred.

(2) Includes $692,432 paid on AB Holding Units that have not yet vested and $99,284 paid on AB Holding Units that have vested but with respect to which delivery has been voluntarily deferred.

(3) Includes $120,673 paid on AB Holding Units that have not yet vested and $187,442 paid on AB Holding Units that have vested but with respect to which delivery has been voluntarily deferred.

(4) We use the Standard Industry Fare Level ("SIFL") methodology to calculate the amount to include in the taxable income of named executive officers for the personal use of company-leased aircraft. Using the SIFL methodology, which was approved by the Compensation Committee, limits our ability to deduct the full cost of personal use of company-leased aircraft by our executive officers. Mr. Kraus reimburses AB for any incremental cost resulting from his personal use of company-leased aircraft. However, taxable income is imputed to Mr. Kraus for business flights on which family members are aboard. The figure in the table represents the taxable income for the 12 months ended October 31, 2016 that was imputed to Mr. Kraus. In addition, AB was unable to deduct approximately $826,000 of the cost of company-leased aircraft, representing a tax cost to AB of $7,849, due to the fact that family members accompanied Mr. Kraus on certain trips on company-leased aircraft taken for business purposes.

(5) Includes lease costs ($15,423), driver compensation ($145,984) and other car-related costs ($23,918), such as parking, gas, tolls, and repairs and maintenance.

Grants of Plan-based Awards in 2016

Grants of awards under the 2010 Plan, our equity compensation plan, during 2016 made to our named executive officers are as follows:

Name	Grant Date	All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares of Stock or Units (#)	Grant Date Fair Value of Stock Awards(1) ($)
Peter S. Kraus	—	—	—
James A. Gingrich(2)	12/9/2016	140,517	3,260,000
Robert P. van Brugge(2)	12/9/2016	69,397	1,610,000
Laurence E. Cranch(2)	12/9/2016	26,293	610,000
John C. Weisenseel(2)	12/9/2016	28,987	672,500

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) This column provides the aggregate grant date fair value of the awards calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. For the assumptions made in determining these values, see Note 17 to AB's consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

(2) As discussed above in “Overview of 2016 Incentive Compensation Program” and “Compensation Elements for Named Executive Officers—Long-Term Incentive Compensation Awards”, long-term incentive compensation awards generally are denominated in restricted AB Holding Units. The 2016 long-term incentive compensation awards granted to our named executive officers under the Incentive Compensation Program and the 2010 Plan are shown in the “All Other Stock Awards” column of this table, the “Stock Awards” column of the Summary Compensation Table and the “AB Holding Unit Awards” columns of the Outstanding Equity Awards at 2016 Fiscal Year-End Table.

In 2016, the number of restricted AB Holding Units comprising long-term incentive compensation awards granted to each named executive officer (other than Mr. Kraus, who was not granted an incentive compensation award in 2016) was determined based on the closing price of an AB Holding Unit as reported for NYSE composite transactions on December 9, 2016, the date on which the Compensation Committee approved the awards. For further information regarding the material terms of such awards, including the vesting terms and the formulas or criteria to be applied in determining the amounts payable, please refer to "Overview of 2016 Incentive Compensation Program", "Compensation Elements for Named Executive Officers-Long-Term Incentive Compensation Awards" and "Other Factors Considered When Determining Named Executive Officer Compensation" above.

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Outstanding Equity Awards at 2016 Fiscal Year-End

Outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2016 are as follows:

	Option Awards				AB Holding Unit Awards
Name	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable (#)	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Unexercisable (#)	Option Exercise Price ($)	Option Expiration Date	Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#)	Market  Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested(8) ($)
Peter S. Kraus(1)	—	—	—	—	1,088,821	25,532,848
James A. Gingrich(2)(3)	263,533	—	17.05	1/23/2019	377,481	8,851,922
Robert P. van Brugge(4)	—	—	—	—	175,804	4,122,594
Laurence E. Cranch(5)(6)	78,348	—	17.05	1/23/2019	67,406	1,580,662
John C. Weisenseel(7)	—	—	—	—	64,251	1,506,680

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Subject to accelerated vesting clauses in the Kraus Employment Agreement (e.g., immediate vesting upon a “change in control” of our firm), the June 2012 Grant vests ratably on each of the first five anniversaries of December 19, 2013, commencing December 19, 2014, provided, with respect to each installment, Mr. Kraus continues to be employed by AB on the vesting date.  However, Mr. Kraus elected to delay delivery of all of the restricted AB Holding Units until December 19, 2018, the final vesting date, subject to acceleration upon a “change in control” of our firm and certain qualifying events of termination of employment. For further information regarding the restricted AB Holding Units awarded to Mr. Kraus under the Kraus Employment Agreement, see “Overview of Our CEO’s Compensation” above.

(2) Mr. Gingrich was awarded (i) 140,517 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2016 that are scheduled to vest in 25% increments on each of December 1, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, (ii) 158,992 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2015, 25% of which vested on December 1, 2016 and the remainder of which is scheduled to vest in 25% increments on each of December 1, 2017, 2018 and 2019, (iii) 150,992 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2014, 25% of which vested on each of December 1, 2015 and 2016, and the remainder of which is scheduled to vest in 25% increments on each of December 1, 2017 and 2018, and (iv) 168,897 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2013, 25% of which vested on each of December 1, 2014, 2015 and 2016, and the remainder of which is scheduled to vest in an additional 25% increment on December 1, 2017.

(3) Mr. Gingrich was granted 263,533 options to buy AB Holding Units in January 2009, 20% of which vested and became exercisable on each of January 23, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014.

(4) Mr. van Brugge was awarded (i) 69,397 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2016 that are scheduled to vest in 25% increments on each of December 1, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, (ii) 76,455 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2015, 25% of which vested on December 1, 2016 and the remainder of which is scheduled to vest in 25% increments on each of December 1, 2017, 2018 and 2019, (iii) 68,482 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2014, 25% of which vested on each of December 1, 2015 and 2016, and the remainder of which is scheduled to vest in 25% increments on each of December 1, 2017 and 2018, and (iv) 59,299 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2013, 25% of which vested on each of December 1, 2014, 2015 and 2016, and the remainder of which is scheduled to vest in an additional 25% increment on December 1, 2017.

(5) Mr. Cranch was awarded (i) 26,293 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2016 that are scheduled to vest in 25% increments on each of December 1, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, (ii) 27,585 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2015, 25% of which vested on December 1, 2016 and the remainder of which is scheduled to vest in 25% increments on each of December 1, 2017, 2018 and 2019, (iii) 26,197 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2014, 25% of which vested on each of December 1, 2015 and 2016, and the remainder of which is scheduled to vest in 25% increments on each of December 1, 2017 and 2018, and (iv) 29,303 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2013, 25% of which vested on each of December 1, 2014, 2015 and 2016, and the remainder of which is scheduled to vest in an additional 25% increment on December 1, 2017.

(6) Mr. Cranch was granted 78,348 options to buy AB Holding Units in January 2009, 20% of which vested and became exercisable on each of January 23, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014.

(7) Mr. Weisenseel was awarded (i) 28,987 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2016 that are scheduled to vest in 25% increments on each of December 1, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, (ii) 26,499 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2015, 25% of which vested on December 1, 2016 and the remainder of which is scheduled to vest in 25% increments on each of December 1, 2017, 2018 and 2019, (iii) 20,628 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2014, 25% of which

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vested on each of December 1, 2015 and 2016, and the remainder of which is scheduled to vest in 25% increments on each of December 1, 2017 and 2018, and (iv) 20,305 restricted AB Holding Units in December 2013, 25% of which vested on each of December 1, 2014, 2015 and 2016, and the remainder of which is scheduled to vest in an additional 25% increment on December 1, 2017.

(8) The market values of restricted AB Holding Units set forth in this column were calculated assuming a price per AB Holding Unit of $23.45, which was the closing price on the NYSE of an AB Holding Unit on December 30, 2016, the last trading day of AB's last completed fiscal year.

Option Exercises and AB Holding Units Vested in 2016

AB Holding Units held by our named executive officers that vested during 2016 are as follows:

	AB Holding Unit Awards
Name	Number of AB Holding Units Acquired on Vesting (#)	Value Realized on Vesting ($)
Peter S. Kraus(1)	544,410	12,330,887
James A. Gingrich	158,712	3,634,505
Robert P. van Brugge	71,202	1,630,526
Laurence E. Cranch	27,843	637,605
John C. Weisenseel	19,924	456,260

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Mr. Kraus deferred delivery of the 544,410 restricted AB Holding Units that vested in December 2016. See “Overview of Our CEO’s Compensation – Compensation Elements – Restricted AB Holding Units” above for additional information.

Pension Benefits for 2016

None of our named executive officers are entitled to benefits under the Amended and Restated Retirement Plan for Employees of AB (as amended and restated as of January 1, 2016, “Retirement Plan”), our company pension plan. For additional information regarding the Retirement Plan, including interest rates and actuarial assumptions, see Note 16 to AB’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation for 2016

Vested and unvested non-qualified deferred compensation contributions, earnings and distributions of our named executive officers during 2016 and their non-qualified deferred compensation plan balances as of December 31, 2016 are as follows:

Name	Executive Contributions in Last FY ($)	Aggregate Earnings in Last FY ($)		Aggregate Withdrawals/ Distributions ($)		Aggregate Balance at Last FYE ($)
Peter S. Kraus(1)	12,330,896	(217,764	)	—		51,065,696
James A. Gingrich(2)	—	150,076		(178,489	)	1,243,151
Robert P. van Brugge	—	—		—		—
Laurence E. Cranch(2)	—	(1,542	)	(412,680	)	—
John C. Weisenseel(3)	—	138		(25,150	)	—

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Mr. Kraus deferred delivery of the 544,410 restricted AB Holding Units that vested in December 2016, the value of which, as of December 19, 2016 (vesting date), is reflected in "Executive Contributions in Last FY", until the earlier of December 19, 2018, his death and the date on which a change in control of AB occurs. "Aggregate Earnings in Last FY" represents the change in the value of these restricted AB Holding Units from December 19, 2016 to December 31, 2016. "Aggregate Balance at Last FYE" represents the aggregate value of the portions of the June 2012 Grant that are scheduled to vest in equal increments on each of December 19, 2017 and 2018. See “Overview of Our CEO’s Compensation – Compensation Elements – Restricted AB Holding Units” above for additional information.

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(2) Amounts shown reflect Messrs. Gingrich's and Cranch's interests from pre-2009 awards under the predecessor plan to the Incentive Compensation Program, under which plan participants were permitted to allocate their awards (i) among notional investments in AB Holding Units, certain of the investment services we provided to clients and a money market fund, or (ii) under limited circumstances, in options to buy AB Holding Units. For additional information about the Incentive Compensation Program, see Notes 2 and 17 to AB’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

(3) The amounts shown in “Aggregate Earnings in Last FY” for Mr. Weisenseel reflects the interest payments associated with the Deferred Cash portion of his long-term incentive compensation award granted in 2012. Interest accrues monthly based on our monthly weighted average cost of funds (approximately 0.6% in 2016) and will be credited to Mr. Weisenseel annually until the cash is distributed him. The amounts shown in “Aggregate Withdrawals/Distributions” for Mr. Weisenseel represents his Deferred Cash distribution during 2016.

Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control

Estimated payments and benefits to which our named executive officers would have been entitled upon a change in control of AB or the specified qualifying events of termination of employment as of December 31, 2016 are as follows:

Name	Cash Payments(1) ($)	Acceleration of Restricted AB Holding Unit Awards(2)($)	Other Benefits ($)
Peter S. Kraus(3)
Change in control	—	25,532,848	21,908
Termination by AB without cause	—	25,532,848	21,908
Termination by Mr. Kraus for good reason	—	25,532,848	21,908
Death or disability(4)(5)	—	12,766,424	21,908
James A. Gingrich
Resignation or termination by AB without cause (complies with applicable agreements and restrictive covenants)(2)	—	8,851,922	—
Death or disability(6)	—	8,851,922	—
Robert P. van Brugge
Resignation or termination by AB without cause (complies with applicable agreements and restrictive covenants)(2)	—	4,122,594	—
Death or disability(6)	—	4,122,594	—
Laurence E. Cranch
Resignation or termination by AB without cause (complies with applicable agreements and restrictive covenants)(2)	—	1,580,662	—
Death or disability(6)	—	1,580,662	—
John C. Weisenseel
Resignation or termination by AB without cause (complies with applicable agreements and restrictive covenants)(2)	—	1,506,680	—
Death or disability(6)	—	1,506,680	—

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) It is possible that each named executive officer, other than Mr. Kraus, could receive a cash severance payment on the termination of his employment. The amounts of any such cash severance payments would be determined at the time of such termination, so we are unable to estimate such amounts.

(2) See Notes 2 and 17 in AB’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8 and “Compensation Elements for Named Executive Officers – Long-Term Incentive Compensation Awards” above for a discussion of the terms set forth in long-term incentive compensation award agreements relating to termination of employment.

(3) See "Overview of Our CEO's Compensation" above for a discussion of the terms set forth in the Kraus Employment Agreement relating to termination of employment.

(4) The Kraus Employment Agreement defines “Disability” as a good faith determination by AB that Mr. Kraus is physically or mentally incapacitated and has been unable for a period of 120 days in the aggregate during any 12-month period to perform substantially all of the duties for which he is responsible immediately before the commencement of the incapacity.

(5) Under the Kraus Employment Agreement, upon termination of Mr. Kraus’s employment due to death or disability, AB will provide at its expense continued health and welfare benefits for Mr. Kraus, his spouse and his dependents through the end of the calendar year in which termination occurs. Thereafter, until the date Mr. Kraus (or, in the case of his spouse, his

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spouse) reaches age 65, AB will provide Mr. Kraus and his spouse with access to participation in AB’s medical plans at Mr. Kraus’s (or his spouse’s) sole expense based on a reasonably determined fair market value premium rate.

(6) “Disability” is defined in the Incentive Compensation Program award agreements of each of Messrs. Gingrich, van Brugge, Cranch and Weisenseel, and in the Special Option Program award agreement of Messrs. Gingrich and Cranch, as the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, as determined by the carrier of the long-term disability insurance program maintained by AB or its affiliate that covers the named executive officer.

Director Compensation in 2016

During 2016, we compensated our directors, who are not employed by our company or by any of our affiliates (“Eligible Directors”), as follows:

Name	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash($)	Stock Awards(1)(3) ($)	Option Awards(2)(3) ($)	Total($)
Christopher M. Condron(4)	148,375	75,000	75,000	298,375
Steven G. Elliott(4)	195,750	150,000	—	345,750
Deborah S. Hechinger(4)	140,875	75,000	75,000	290,875
Weston M. Hicks(4)	128,000	150,000	—	278,000
Heidi S. Messer(4)	126,500	150,000	—	276,500
Scott A. Schoen(4)	128,000	150,000	—	278,000
Lorie A. Slutsky(4)	143,500	150,000	—	293,500
Joshua A. Weinreich	111,125	150,000	—	261,125

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) The aggregate number of restricted AB Holding Units underlying awards outstanding but not yet distributed at December 31, 2016 was: for Mr. Condron and Ms. Hechinger, 7,814 AB Holding Units; for Ms. Messer, 10,407 AB Holding Units; and for each of Ms. Slutsky and Messrs. Elliott, Hicks, Schoen and Weinreich, 15,627 AB Holding Units.

(2) The aggregate number of options outstanding at December 31, 2016 was: for Mr. Condron, options to buy 91,376 AB Holding Units; for Mr. Elliott, options to buy 26,383 AB Holding Units; for Ms. Hechinger, options to buy 118,141 AB Holding Units; for Mr. Hicks, options to buy 42,510 AB Holding Units; for Ms. Slutsky, options to buy 39,398 AB Holding Units; and for Mr. Weinreich, options to buy 5,774 AB Holding Units. Ms. Messer and Mr. Schoen do not own any options to buy AB Holding Units.

(3) Reflects the aggregate grant date fair value of the awards calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. For the assumptions made in determining these values, see Note 17 to AB’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

(4) Includes retainer payments made in December 2016 relating to the fourth quarter of 2016, which payments should have been made in January 2017.

The General Partner pays fees, and makes equity-based awards, only to Eligible Directors. At a regularly-scheduled meeting of the Board held during July 2015, the Board approved, effective January 1, 2016, the Eligible Director compensation elements described immediately below and agreed to re-consider such compensation elements no less frequently than every five years:

• an annual retainer of $75,000 (paid quarterly after any quarter during which an Eligible Director serves on the Board);

• a fee of $5,000 for participating in any meeting of the Board, whether in person or by telephone, in excess of the six regularly-scheduled Board meetings each year;

• a fee of $2,000 for participating in any meeting of any duly constituted committee of the Board, whether in person or by telephone, in excess of the number of regularly-scheduled committee meetings each year (i.e., in excess of seven meetings of the Audit Committee and three meetings of each of the Executive Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Governance Committee);

• an annual retainer of $20,000 for acting as Lead Independent Director;

• an annual retainer of $25,000 for acting as Chair of the Audit Committee;

• an annual retainer of $12,500 for acting as Chair of the Compensation Committee;

• an annual retainer of $12,500 for acting as Chair of the Governance Committee;

• an annual retainer of $12,500 for serving as a member of the Audit Committee;

• an annual retainer of $6,000 for serving as a member of the Executive Committee;

• an annual retainer of $6,000 for serving as a member of the Compensation Committee;

• an annual retainer of $6,000 for serving as a member of the Governance Committee; and

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• an annual equity-based grantunder an equity compensation plan consisting of (at each Eligible Director’s election):

• restricted AB Holding Units with a grant date value of $150,000;

• options to buy AB Holding Units with a grant date value of $150,000; or

• restricted AB Holding Units with a grant date value of $75,000 and options to buy AB Holding Units with a grant date value of $75,000.

The Board also approved, effective in 2018, the following increases to Eligible Director compensation:

• an annual retainer of $85,000 (paid quarterly after any quarter during which the director serves on the Board); and

• an annual equity-based grantunder an equity compensation plan consisting of (at each Eligible Director’s election):

• restricted AB Holding Units with a grant date value of $170,000;

• options to buy AB Holding Units with a grant date value of $170,000; or

• restricted AB Holding Units with a grant date value of $85,000 and options to buy AB Holding Units with a grant date value of $85,000.

Equity grants to Eligible Directors generally are made at the May meeting of the Board. The date of the May meeting is set by the Board the previous year.

At a regularly-scheduled meeting of the Board held during May 2016, the Board, consistent with elections made by our Eligible Directors during the first quarter of 2016, granted to (i) each of Mr. Condron and Ms. Hechinger, 3,313 restricted AB Holding Units and options to buy 27,273 AB Holding Units at $22.64 per AB Holding Unit, and (ii) each of Mses. Messer and Slutsky and Messrs. Elliott, Hicks, Schoen and Weinreich, 6,626 restricted AB Holding Units. The exercise price of the options was the closing price of an AB Holding Unit as reported for NYSE composite transactions on May 19, 2016, the date on which the Board approved the awards. For information about how the Black-Scholes value was calculated, see Notes 2 and 17 to AB’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

Options granted to Eligible Directors become exercisable ratably over three years. Restricted AB Holding Units granted to Eligible Directors “cliff” vest after three years (i.e., 100% of the award is distributed on the third anniversary of the grant date). In order to avoid any perception that our directors’ exercise of their fiduciary duties might be impaired, these options and restricted AB Holding Units are not forfeitable, except if the Eligible Director is terminated for “Cause”, as that term is defined in the 2010 Plan or the applicable award agreement. Accordingly, vesting and exercisability of options continues following an Eligible Director’s resignation from the Board. Restricted AB Holding Units are distributed as soon as administratively feasible following an Eligible Director’s resignation from the Board.

The General Partner may reimburse any director for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with attendance at Board meetings as well as additional Board responsibilities. AB Holding and AB, in turn, reimburse the General Partner for expenses incurred by the General Partner on their behalf, including amounts in respect of directors’ fees and expenses. These reimbursements are subject to any relevant provisions of the AB Holding Partnership Agreement and the AB Partnership Agreement.

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Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

AB Holding Units to be issued pursuant to our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2016 are as follows:

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights	Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance(1)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	5,085,043	$	49.45	7,698,253
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	—	—		—
Total	5,085,043	$	49.45	7,698,253

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) All AB Holding Units remaining available for future issuance will be issued pursuant to the 2010 Plan.

There are no AB Units to be issued pursuant to an equity compensation plan.

For information about our equity compensation plans, see Note 17 to AB’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

Principal Security Holders

As of December 31, 2016, we had no information that any person beneficially owned more than 5% of the outstanding AB Holding Units.

As of December 31, 2016, we had no information that any person beneficially owned more than 5% of the outstanding AB Units, except as reported by AXA and certain of its subsidiaries on Schedule 13D/A and Forms 4 filed with the SEC on January 5, 2016 pursuant to the Exchange Act. We have prepared the following table, and the notes that follow, in reliance on such filings:

Name and Address of  Beneficial Owner	Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership Reported on Schedule		Percent of Class
AXA(1)(2)(3)(4)(5) 25 avenue Matignon 75008 Paris, France	170,121,745	(4)(5)	63.3	(4)(5)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Based on information provided by AXA Financial, on December 31, 2016, AXA and certain of its subsidiaries beneficially owned all of AXA Financial’s outstanding common stock. For insurance regulatory purposes, the shares of common stock of AXA Financial beneficially owned by AXA and its subsidiaries have been deposited into a voting trust (“Voting Trust”), the term of which ends on April 29, 2021. The trustees of the Voting Trust (“Voting Trustees”) are Denis Duverne and Mark Pearson. Mr. Duverne serves on the Board of Directors of AXA, while Mr. Pearson serves on the Management Committee of AXA. The Voting Trustees have agreed to exercise their voting rights to protect the legitimate economic interests of AXA, but with a view to ensuring that certain minority shareholders of AXA do not exercise control over AXA Financial or certain of its insurance subsidiaries.

(2) Based on information provided by AXA, as of December 31, 2016, 14.13% of the issued ordinary shares (representing 23.93% of the voting power) of AXA were owned directly and indirectly by two French mutual insurance companies (AXA Assurances IARD Mutuelle and AXA Assurances Vie Mutuelle) engaged in the Property & Casualty insurance business and the Life & Savings insurance business in France (“Mutuelles AXA”).

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(3) The Voting Trustees and the Mutuelles AXA, as a group, may be deemed to be beneficial owners of all AB Units beneficially owned by AXA and its subsidiaries. By virtue of the provisions of the Voting Trust Agreement, AXA may be deemed to have shared voting power with respect to the AB Units. AXA and its subsidiaries have the power to dispose or direct the disposition of all shares of the capital stock of AXA Financial deposited in the Voting Trust. The Mutuelles AXA, as a group, may be deemed to share the power to vote or to direct the vote and to dispose or to direct the disposition of all the AB Units beneficially owned by AXA and its subsidiaries. The address of each of AXA and Mr. Duverne is 25 avenue Matignon, 75008 Paris, France. The address of Mr. Pearson is 1290 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10104. The address of the Mutuelles AXA is 313 Terrasses de l’Arche, 92727 Nanterre Cedex, France.

(4) By reason of their relationships, AXA, the Voting Trustees, the Mutuelles AXA, AXA America Holdings, Inc. (a subsidiary of AXA, “AXA America”), AXA Equitable Financial Services, LLC (a subsidiary of AXA America), AXA-IM Holding U.S. (a 96.23%-owned subsidiary of AXA), AXA Financial, AXA Equitable, Coliseum Reinsurance Company (a subsidiary of AXA Financial), ACMC, LLC (a subsidiary of AXA Equitable) and MLOA may be deemed to share the power to vote or to direct the vote and to dispose or direct the disposition of all or a portion of the 268,893,534 issued and outstanding AB Units.

(5) AXA has reported on Schedule 13D/A and Forms 3 and 4 filed with the SEC on January 5, 2016 that, by reason of its ownership of 100% of the outstanding shares of common stock of AXA America and its ownership of 96.23% of the outstanding shares of common stock of AXA-IM Holding U.S., AXA may be deemed to beneficially own all of the issued and outstanding AB Units owned directly and indirectly by AXA America and AXA-IM Holding U.S.

As of December 31, 2016, AB Holding was the record owner of 96,652,190, or 35.9%, of the issued and outstanding AB Units.

Management

As of December 31, 2016, the beneficial ownership of AB Holding Units by each director and named executive officer of the General Partner and by all directors and executive officers as a group is as follows:

Name of Beneficial  Owner	Number of AB Holding Units and Nature of Beneficial Ownership	Percent of Class
Peter S. Kraus(1)(2)	4,337,643	4.5	%
Christopher M. Condron(3)	112,190	*
Denis Duverne(1)	2,000	*
Steven G. Elliott(4)	53,424	*
Deborah S. Hechinger(5)	95,190	*
Weston M. Hicks(6)	58,137	*
Heidi S. Messer	10,407	*
Mark Pearson(1)	—	*
Scott A. Schoen(7)	77,612	*
Lorie A. Slutsky(1)(8)	72,227	*
Joshua A. Weinreich(9)	22,644	*
James A. Gingrich(1)(10)	1,113,950	1.2
Laurence E. Cranch(1)(11)	308,977	*
Robert P. van Brugge(1)(12)	278,413	*
John C. Weisenseel(1)(13)	138,745	*
All directors and executive officers as a group (16 persons)(14)(15)(16)	6,713,387	6.9	%

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

* Number of AB Holding Units listed represents less than 1% of the Units outstanding.

(1) Excludes AB Holding Units beneficially owned by AXA and its subsidiaries. Ms. Slutsky and Messrs. Duverne and Pearson are directors and/or officers of AXA, AXA Financial and/or AXA Equitable. Messrs. Kraus, Gingrich, Cranch, van Brugge and Weisenseel are directors and/or officers of the General Partner.

(2) Includes 3,266,462 restricted AB Holding Units awarded to Mr. Kraus pursuant to the Kraus Employment Agreement or his previous employment agreement that have not yet vested and/or with respect to which he has deferred delivery. See

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“Overview of Our CEO’s Compensation – Compensation Elements – Restricted AB Holding Units” in Item 11 for additional information regarding Mr. Kraus’s AB Holding Unit awards.

(3) Includes 50,231 AB Holding Units Mr. Condron can acquire within 60 days under an AB option plan.

(4) Includes 26,383 AB Holding Units Mr. Elliott can acquire within 60 days under an AB option plan.

(5) Includes 76,996 AB Holding Units Ms. Hechinger can acquire within 60 days under an AB option plan.

(6) Includes 42,510 AB Holding Units Mr. Hicks can acquire within 60 days under an AB option plan.

(7) Excludes 2,000 AB Holding Units owned by the Sheldon S. Schoen Irrevocable Trust, of which Mr. Schoen serves as Trustee. Mr. Schoen disclaims beneficial ownership of these 2,000 AB Holding Units.

(8) Includes 39,398 AB Holding Units Ms. Slutsky can acquire within 60 days under an AB option plan.

(9) Includes 5,774 AB Holding Units Mr. Weinreich can acquire within 60 days under an AB option plan.

(10) Includes 263,533 AB Holding Units Mr. Gingrich can acquire within 60 days under an AB option plan and 472,962 restricted AB Holding Units awarded to Mr. Gingrich as long-term incentive compensation that have not yet vested or with respect to which he has deferred delivery. For information regarding Mr. Gingrich’s long-term incentive compensation awards, see “Grants of Plan-based Awards in 2016” and “Outstanding Equity Awards at 2016 Fiscal Year-End” in Item 11.

(11) Includes 78,348 AB Holding Units Mr. Cranch can acquire within 60 days under an AB option plan and 188,390 restricted AB Holding Units awarded to Mr. Cranch as long-term incentive compensation that have not yet vested or with respect to which he has deferred delivery. For information regarding Mr. Cranch's long-term incentive compensation awards, see “Grants of Plan-based Awards in 2016” and “Outstanding Equity Awards at 2016 Fiscal Year-End” in Item 11.

(12) Includes 175,804 restricted AB Holding Units awarded to Mr. van Brugge as long-term incentive compensation that have not yet vested or with respect to which he has deferred delivery. For information regarding Mr. van Brugge’s long-term incentive compensation awards, see “Grants of Plan-based Awards in 2016” and “Outstanding Equity Awards at 2016 Fiscal Year-End” in Item 11.

(13) Includes 70,876 restricted AB Holding Units awarded to Mr. Weisenseel as long-term incentive compensation that have not yet vested or with respect to which he has deferred delivery.  For information regarding Mr. Weisenseel’s long-term incentive compensation awards, see “Grants of Plan-based Awards in 2016” and “Outstanding Equity Awards at 2016 Fiscal Year-End” in Item 11.

(14) Includes 583,173 AB Holding Units the directors and executive officers as a group can acquire within 60 days under AB option plans.

(15) Includes 4,199,527 restricted AB Holding Units awarded to the executive officers as a group as long-term incentive compensation that have not yet vested and/or with respect to which the executive officer has deferred delivery.

(16) Includes 31,828 AB Holding Units owned by Kate C. Burke, who is deemed an executive officer but not a named executive officer. Of these AB Holding Units, 25,033 are restricted AB Holding Units awarded to Ms. Burke as long-term incentive compensation that have not yet vested or with respect to which she has deferred delivery.

As of December 31, 2016, our directors and executive officers did not beneficially own any AB Units.

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As of December 31, 2016, the beneficial ownership of the common stock of AXA by each director and named executive officer of the General Partner and by all directors and executive officers as a group is as follows:

AXA Common Stock⁽¹⁾ 

Name of Beneficial  Owner	Number of Shares and Nature of Beneficial Ownership	Percent of Class
Peter S. Kraus	—	*
Christopher M. Condron(2)	1,330,661	*
Denis Duverne(3)	2,167,767	*
Steven G. Elliott	—	*
Deborah S. Hechinger	—	*
Weston M. Hicks	—	*
Heidi S. Messer	—	*
Mark Pearson(4)	855,687	*
Scott A. Schoen	—	*
Lorie A. Slutsky(5)	49,363	*
Joshua A. Weinreich	—	*
James A. Gingrich	—	*
Laurence E. Cranch	—	*
Robert P. van Brugge	—	*
John C. Weisenseel	—	*
All directors and executive officers as a group (16 persons)(6)	4,403,478	*

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

* Number of shares listed represents less than 1% of the outstanding AXA common stock.

(1) Holdings of AXA American Depositary Shares (“ADS”) are expressed as their equivalent in AXA common stock. Each AXA ADS represents the right to receive one AXA ordinary share.

(2) Includes 974,724 shares Mr. Condron can acquire within 60 days under option plans. Also includes 231,987 deferred restricted ADS units under AXA’s Variable Deferred Compensation Plan for Executives.

(3) Includes 800,318 shares Mr. Duverne can acquire within 60 days under option plans.

(4) Includes 453,656 shares Mr. Pearson can acquire within 60 days under options plans. Also includes 272,129 AXA performance shares, which are paid out when vested based on the price of AXA at that time and are subject to achievement of internal performance conditions.

(5) Includes 9,393 shares Ms. Slutsky can acquire within 60 days under option plans.

(6) Includes 2,238,091 shares the directors and executive officers as a group can acquire within 60 days under option plans.

Partnership Matters

The General Partner makes all decisions relating to the management of AB and AB Holding. The General Partner has agreed that it will conduct no business other than managing AB and AB Holding, although it may make certain investments for its own account. Conflicts of interest, however, could arise between AB and AB Holding, the General Partner and the Unitholdersof both Partnerships.

Section 17-403(b) of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (“Delaware Act”) states in substance that, except as provided in the Delaware Act or the applicable partnership agreement, a general partner of a limited partnership has the liabilities of a general partner in a general partnership governed by the Delaware Uniform Partnership Law (as in effect on July 11, 1999) to the partnership and to the other partners. In addition, as discussed below, Sections 17-1101(d) and 17-1101(f) of the Delaware Act generally provide that a partnership agreement may limit or eliminate fiduciary duties a partner may be deemed to owe to the limited partnership or to another partner, and any related liability, provided that the partnership agreement may not limit or eliminate the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Accordingly, while under Delaware law a general partner of a limited partnership is liable as a fiduciary to the other partners, those fiduciary obligations may be altered by the terms of the applicable partnership agreement. Each of the AB Partnership Agreement and AB Holding Partnership Agreement (each a “Partnership Agreement” and, together, the “Partnership Agreements”) sets forth limitations

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on the duties and liabilities of the General Partner. Each Partnership Agreement provides that the General Partner is not liable for monetary damages for errors in judgment or for breach of fiduciary duty (including breach of any duty of care or loyalty) unless it is established (the person asserting such liability having the burden of proof) that the General Partner’s action or failure to act involved an act or omission undertaken with deliberate intent to cause injury, with reckless disregard for the best interests of the Partnerships or with actual bad faith on the part of the General Partner, or constituted actual fraud. Whenever the Partnership Agreements provide that the General Partner is permitted or required to make a decision (i) in its “discretion” or under a grant of similar authority or latitude, the General Partner is entitled to consider only such interests and factors as it desires and has no duty or obligation to consider any interest of or other factors affecting the Partnerships or any Unitholder of AB or AB Holding or (ii) in its “good faith” or under another express standard, the General Partner will act under that express standard and will not be subject to any other or different standard imposed by either Partnership Agreement or applicable law or in equity or otherwise. Each Partnership Agreement further provides that to the extent that, at law or in equity, the General Partner has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to either Partnership or any partner, the General Partner acting under either Partnership Agreement, as applicable, will not be liable to the Partnerships or any partner for its good faith reliance on the provisions of the Partnership Agreement.

In addition, each Partnership Agreement grants broad rights of indemnification to the General Partner and its directors, officers and affiliates and authorizes AB and AB Holding to enter into indemnification agreements with the directors, officers, partners, employees and agents of AB and its affiliates and AB Holding and its affiliates. The Partnerships have granted broad rights of indemnification to officers and employees of AB and AB Holding. The foregoing indemnification provisions are not exclusive, and the Partnerships are authorized to enter into additional indemnification arrangements. AB and AB Holding have obtained directors and officers/errors and omissions liability insurance.

Each Partnership Agreement also allows transactions between AB and AB Holding and the General Partner or its affiliates, as we describe in “Policies and Procedures Regarding Transactions with Related Persons” in Item 13, so long as such transactions are on an arms-length basis. The Delaware courts have held that provisions in partnership or limited liability company agreements that permit affiliate transactions so long as they are on an arms-length basis operate to establish a contractually-agreed-to fiduciary duty standard of entire fairness on the part of the general partner or manager in connection with the approval of affiliate transactions. Also, each Partnership Agreement expressly permits all affiliates of the General Partner to compete, directly or indirectly, with AB and AB Holding, as we discuss in “Competition” in Item 1. The Partnership Agreements further provide that, except to the extent that a decision or action by the General Partner is taken with the specific intent of providing an improper benefit to an affiliate of the General Partner to the detriment of AB or AB Holding, there is no liability or obligation with respect to, and no challenge of, decisions or actions of the General Partner that would otherwise be subject to claims or other challenges as improperly benefiting affiliates of the General Partner to the detriment of the Partnerships or otherwise involving any conflict of interest or breach of a duty of loyalty or similar fiduciary obligation.

Section 17-1101(c) of the Delaware Act provides that it is the policy of the Delaware Act to give maximum effect to the principle of freedom of contract and to the enforceability of partnership agreements. Further, Section 17-1101(d) of the Delaware Act provides in part that to the extent that, at law or in equity, a partner has duties (including fiduciary duties) to a limited partnership or to another partner, those duties may be expanded, restricted, or eliminated by provisions in a partnership agreement (provided that a partnership agreement may not eliminate the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing). In addition, Section 17-1101(f) of the Delaware Act provides that a partnership agreement may limit or eliminate any or all liability of a partner to a limited partnership or another partner for breach of contract or breach of duties (including fiduciary duties); provided, however, that a partnership agreement may not limit or eliminate liability for any act or omission that constitutes a bad faith violation of the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Decisions of the Delaware courts have recognized the right of parties, under the above provisions of the Delaware Act, to alter by the terms of a partnership agreement otherwise applicable fiduciary duties and liability for breach of duties. However, the Delaware courts have required that a partnership agreement make clear the intent of the parties to displace otherwise applicable fiduciary duties (the otherwise applicable fiduciary duties often being referred to as “default” fiduciary duties). Judicial inquiry into whether a partnership agreement is sufficiently clear to displace default fiduciary duties is necessarily fact driven and is made on a case by case basis. Accordingly, the effectiveness of displacing default fiduciary obligations and liabilities of general partners continues to be a developing area of the law and it is not certain to what extent the foregoing provisions of the Partnership Agreements are enforceable under Delaware law.

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Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Policies and Procedures Regarding Transactions with Related Persons

Each Partnership Agreement expressly permits AXA and its affiliates, which includes AXA Equitable and its affiliates (collectively, “AXA Affiliates”), to provide services to AB and AB Holding if the terms of the transaction are approved by the General Partner in good faith as being comparable to (or more favorable to each such Partnership than) those that would prevail in a transaction with an unaffiliated party. This requirement is conclusively presumed to be satisfied as to any transaction or arrangement that (i) in the reasonable and good faith judgment of the General Partner meets that unaffiliated party standard, or (ii) has been approved by a majority of those directors of the General Partner who are not also directors, officers or employees of an affiliate of the General Partner.

In practice, our management pricing committees review investment advisory agreements with AXA Affiliates, which is the manner in which the General Partner reaches a judgment regarding the appropriateness of the fees. Other transactions with AXA Affiliates are submitted to the Audit Committee for their review and approval. (See “Committees of the Board” in Item 10 for details regarding the Audit Committee.) We are not aware of any transaction during 2016 between our company and any related person with respect to which these procedures were not followed.

Our relationships with AXA Affiliates also are subject to applicable provisions of the insurance laws and regulations of New York and other states. Under such laws and regulations, the terms of certain investment advisory and other agreements we enter into with AXA Affiliates are required to be fair and equitable and charges or fees for services performed must be reasonable. Also, in some cases, the agreements are subject to regulatory approval.

We have written policies regarding the employment of immediate family members of any of our related persons. Compensation and benefits for all of our employees is established in accordance with our human resources practices, taking into consideration the defined qualifications, responsibilities and nature of the role.

Financial Arrangements with AXA Affiliates

The General Partner has, in its reasonable and good faith judgment (based on its knowledge of, and inquiry with respect to, comparable arrangements with or between unaffiliated parties), approved the following arrangements with AXA Affiliates as being comparable to, or more favorable to AB than, those that would prevail in a transaction with an unaffiliated party.

Transactions between AB and related persons during 2016 are as follows (the first table summarizes services we provide to related persons and the second table summarizes services our related persons provide to us):

Parties(1)	General Description of Relationship(2)	Amounts Received or Accrued for in 2016
AXA Equitable(3)	We provide investment management services and ancillary accounting, valuation, reporting, treasury and other services to the general and separate accounts of AXA Equitable and its insurance company subsidiaries.	$	57,898,000
EQAT, AXA Enterprise Trust and AXA Premier VIP Trust	We serve as sub-adviser to these open-end mutual funds, each of which is sponsored by a subsidiary of AXA Financial.	$	23,956,000
AXA AB Funds	We provide investment management, distribution and shareholder servicing-related services.	$	16,070,000
AXA Life Japan Limited(3)		$	14,771,000
AXA Switzerland Life(3)		$	9,600,000
AXA Re Arizona Company(3)		$	8,735,000
AXA U.K. Group Pension Scheme		$	7,615,000
AXA France(3)		$	6,947,000

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AXA Hong Kong Life(3)		$	6,677,000
AXA Germany(3)		$	3,004,000
AXA Belgium(3)		$	2,240,000
AXA Switzerland Property and Casualty(3)		$	1,280,000
MONY Life Insurance Company of America(3)		$	1,279,000
AXA Mediterranean(3)		$	766,000
AXA Corporate Solutions(3)		$	521,000
AIM Deutschland GmbH(3)		$	469,000
AXA Investment Managers Ltd. Paris(3)		$	395,000
U.S. Financial Life Insurance Company(3)		$	392,000
AXA General Insurance Hong Kong Ltd.(3)		$	250,000
AXA Investment Managers Ltd.(3)		$	188,000
AXA Insurance Company(3)		$	143,000
AXA Life Singapore (3)		$	142,000
Coliseum Reinsurance(3)		$	127,000
AXA MPS (3)		$	107,000
Parties(1)(3)	General Description of Relationship	Amounts Paid or Accrued for in 2016
AXA Advisors	Distributes certain of our Retail Products and provides Private Wealth Management referrals.	$	16,077,000
AXA Business Services Pvt. Ltd.	Provides data processing services and support for certain investment operations functions.	$	5,475,000
AXA Technology Services India Pvt.	Provides certain data processing services and functions.	$	5,327,000
AXA Equitable	We are covered by various insurance policies maintained by AXA Equitable.	$	2,915,000
AXA Advisors	Sells shares of our mutual funds under Distribution Service and educational Support agreements.	$	1,653,000
AXA Group Solutions Pvt. Ltd.	Provides maintenance and development support for applications.	$	1,110,000
AXA Wealth	Provides portfolio-related services for assets we manage under the AXA Corporate Trustee Investment Plan.	$	908,000
GIE Informatique AXA	Provides cooperative technology development and procurement services to us and to various other subsidiaries of AXA.	$	416,000

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) AB or one of its subsidiaries is a party to each transaction.

(2) We provide investment management services unless otherwise indicated.

(3) This entity is a subsidiary of AXA.

Additional Transactions with Related Persons

AXA Equitable and its affiliates are not obligated to provide funds to us, except for ACMC, LLC’s and the General Partner’s obligation to fund certain of our incentive compensation and employee benefit plan obligations. ACMC, LLC and the General Partner are obligated, subject to certain limitations, to make capital contributions to AB in an amount equal to the payments AB is required to make as incentive compensation under the employment agreements entered into in connection with AXA Equitable’s 1985 acquisition of Donaldson, Lufkin and Jenrette Securities Corporation (since November 2000, a part of Credit Suisse Group) as well as obligations of AB to various employees and their beneficiaries under AB’s Capital Accumulation Plan. In 2016, ACMC, LLC made capital contributions to AB in the amount of approximately $1.2 million in respect of these obligations. ACMC, LLC’s obligations to make these contributions are guaranteed byEquitable Holdings, LLC (a wholly-owned subsidiary of AXA Equitable), subject to certain limitations. All tax deductions with respect to these obligations, to the

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extent funded by ACMC, LLC, the General Partner or Equitable Holdings, LLC, will be allocated to ACMC, LLC or the General Partner.

Arrangements with Immediate Family Members of Related Persons

During 2016, we did not have arrangements with immediate family members of our directors and executive officers.

Director Independence

See “Independence of Certain Directors” in Item 10.

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Item 14.    Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Fees for professional audit services rendered by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”) for the audit of AB’s and AB Holding’s annual financial statements for 2016 and 2015, respectively, and fees for other services rendered by PwC are as follows:

	2016		2015
	(in thousands)
Audit fees(1)	$	5,173	$	5,608
Audit-related fees(2)	3,391		3,195
Tax fees(3)	1,980		2,155
All other fees(4)	548		5
Total	$	11,092	$	10,963

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(1) Includes $55,606 and $65,563 paid for audit services to AB Holding in 2016 and 2015, respectively.

(2) Audit-related fees consist principally of fees for audits of financial statements of certain employee benefit plans, internal control reviews and accounting consultation.

(3) Tax fees consist of fees for tax consultation and tax compliance services.

(4) All other fees in 2016 and 2015 consisted of miscellaneous non-audit services.

The Audit Committee has a policy to pre-approve audit and non-audit service engagements with the independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm must provide annually a comprehensive and detailed schedule of each proposed audit and non-audit service to be performed. The Audit Committee then affirmatively indicates its approval of the listed engagements. Engagements that are not listed, but that are of similar scope and size to those listed and approved, may be deemed to be approved, if the fee for such service is less than $100,000. In addition, the Audit Committee has delegated to its chairman the ability to approve any permissible non-audit engagement where the fees are expected to be less than $100,000.

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PART IV

Item 15.    Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) There is no document filed as part of this Form 10-K.

Financial Statement Schedule.

Attached to this Form 10-K is a schedule describing Valuation and Qualifying Account-Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for the three years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

(b) Exhibits.

The following exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are filed herewith or incorporated by reference herein, as indicated:

Exhibit	Description
3.01	AllianceBernstein Corporation By-Laws with amendments through November 20, 2015.
3.02	Amended and Restated Certificate of Limited Partnership dated February 24, 2006 of AB Holding (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.06 to Form 8-K, as filed February 24, 2006).
3.03	Amendment No. 1 dated February 24, 2006 to Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB Holding (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2006, as filed November 8, 2006).
3.04	Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership dated October 29, 1999 of AB Holding (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, as filed March 10, 2004).
3.05	Amended and Restated Certificate of Limited Partnership dated February 24, 2006 of AB (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.07 to Form 8-K, as filed February 24, 2006).`
3.06	Amendment No. 1 dated February 24, 2006 to Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2006, as filed November 8, 2006).
3.07	Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership dated October 29, 1999 of AB (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, as filed March 10, 2004).
3.08	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of AllianceBernstein Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.08 to Form 8-K, as filed February 24, 2006).
4.01	Contingent Value Rights Agreement, dated as of December 12, 2013, by and between AB and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.01 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, as filed February 12, 2014).
10.01	AllianceBernstein 2015 Incentive Compensation Award Program.*
10.02	AllianceBernstein 2015 Deferred Cash Compensation Program.*
10.03	Form of Award Agreement under Incentive Compensation Award Program, Deferred Cash Compensation Program and 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan.*
10.04	Form of Award Agreement under 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan relating to equity compensation awards to Eligible Directors.*
10.05	Amendment and Restatement of the Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of AllianceBernstein L.P. (as of January 1, 2015).*
10.06	Amendment and Restatement of the Retirement Plan for Employees of AllianceBernstein L.P. (as of January 1, 2015).*
10.07	Guidelines for Transfer of AB Units.
10.08	Commercial Paper Dealer Agreement 4(a)(2) Program, dated as of June 1, 2015, between AllianceBernstein L.P., as Issuer, and Citigroup Global Markets Inc., as Dealer.
10.09	Commercial Paper Dealer Agreement 4(a)(2) Program, dated as of June 1, 2015, between AllianceBernstein L.P., as Issuer, and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, as Dealer.
10.10	Commercial Paper Dealer Agreement 4(a)(2) Program, dated as of June 1, 2015, between AllianceBernstein L.P., as Issuer, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as Dealer.

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10.11	Summary of AB’s Lease at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.07 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, as filed February 12, 2015).
10.12	AllianceBernstein L.P. 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.03 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, as filed February 12, 2015).*
10.13	Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 9, 2010, Amended and Restated as of January 17, 2012 and Further Amended and Restated as of October 22, 2014, among AB and SCB LLC, as Borrowers; Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent; Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and HSBC Securities (USA) Inc., as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Book Managers, and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.01 to Form 8-K, as filed October 24, 2014).
10.14	Employment Agreement among Peter S. Kraus, AllianceBernstein Corporation, AB Holding and AB, dated as of June 21, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.01 to Form 8-K/A, as filed June 26, 2012).*
10.15	Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement dated as of December 19, 2008 among Peter S. Kraus, AllianceBernstein Corporation, AB Holding and AB, dated as of June 21, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.02 to Form 8-K, as filed June 21, 2012).*
10.16	Form of Award Agreement under the Special Option Program (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.05 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, as filed February 23, 2009).*
10.17	Employment Agreement among Peter S. Kraus, AllianceBernstein Corporation, AB Holding and AB, dated as of December 19, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.02 to Form 8-K, as filed December 24, 2008).*
10.18	Amended and Restated 1997 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended through November 28, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.02 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, as filed February 25, 2008).*
10.19	Amended and Restated Issuing and Paying Agency Agreement, dated as of May 3, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2006, as filed May 8, 2006).
10.20	Investment Advisory and Management Agreement for the General Account of AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, as filed March 15, 2005).
10.21	AB Partners Plan of Repurchase adopted as of February 20, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002, as filed March 27, 2003).
10.22	Services Agreement dated as of April 22, 2001 between AB and AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001, as filed March 28, 2002).
10.23	Extendible Commercial Notes Dealer Agreement, dated as of December 14, 1999 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999, as filed March 28, 2000).
10.24	Amended and Restated Investment Advisory and Management Agreement dated January 1, 1999 among AB Holding, Alliance Corporate Finance Group Incorporated, and AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a)(6) to Form 10-Q/A for the quarterly period ended September 30, 1999, as filed on September 28, 2000).
10.25	Amended and Restated Accounting, Valuation, Reporting and Treasury Services Agreement dated January 1, 1999 between AB Holding, Alliance Corporate Finance Group Incorporated, and AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a)(7) to the Form 10-Q/A for the quarterly period ended September 30, 1999, as filed September 28, 2000).
10.26	Alliance Capital Accumulation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1988, as filed March 31, 1989).*
12.01	AB Consolidated Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges in respect of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.
21.01	Subsidiaries of AB.
23.01	Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
31.01	Certification of Mr. Kraus furnished pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.02	Certification of Mr. Weisenseel furnished pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.01	Certification of Mr. Kraus furnished for the purpose of complying with Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.02	Certification of Mr. Weisenseel furnished for the purpose of complying with Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

138

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
*	Denotes a compensatory plan or arrangement

139

Item 16.    Form 10-K Summary

Not applicable.

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	AllianceBernstein L.P.
Date: February 14, 2017	By:	/s/ Peter S. Kraus
		Peter S. Kraus
		Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Date: February 14, 2017	/s/ John C. Weisenseel
	John C. Weisenseel
	Chief Financial Officer

Date: February 14, 2017	/s/ Edward J. Farrell
	Edward J. Farrell
	Chief Accounting Officer

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Directors

/s/ Peter S. Kraus	/s/ Heidi S. Messer
Peter S. Kraus	Heidi S. Messer
Chairman of the Board	Director
/s/ Christopher M. Condron	/s/ Mark Pearson
Christopher M. Condron	Mark Pearson
Director	Director
/s/ Denis Duverne	/s/ Scott A. Schoen
Denis Duverne	Scott A. Schoen
Director	Director
/s/ Steven G. Elliott	/s/ Lorie A. Slutsky
Steven G. Elliott	Lorie A. Slutsky
Director	Director
/s/ Deborah S. Hechinger	/s/ Joshua A. Weinreich
Deborah S. Hechinger	Joshua A. Weinreich
Director	Director
/s/ Weston M. Hicks
Weston M. Hicks
Director

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SCHEDULE I I

AllianceBernstein L.P.

Valuation and Qualifying Account - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

For the Three Years Ending December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014

Description	Balance at Beginning of Period		Credited to Costs and Expenses		Deductions			Balance at End of Period
	(in thousands)
For the year ended December 31, 2014	$	763	$	—	$	38	(a)	$	725
For the year ended December 31, 2015	$	725	$	100	$	273	(b)	$	552
For the year ended December 31, 2016	$	552	$	—	$	39	(c)	$	513

(a) Includes accounts written-off as uncollectible of $28 and a net reduction to the allowance balance of $10.

(b) Includes accounts written-off as uncollectible of $273.

(c) Includes accounts written-off as uncollectible of $39.

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EX-10.01

February 13, 2017

Mr. James Gingrich

4 Peeblebrook Way

Chappaqua, NY 10514

Dear Jim:

This letter is to confirm the details of your one-time special award of restricted limited partnership units (“Restricted Units”) in AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“Holding”). On February 13, 2017 (the “Grant Date”), the date of this letter, you are being granted Restricted Units in an amount equal to $21 million, with the number of Restricted Units based on the average closing price on the New York Stock Exchange of Holding for the period covering the four trading days immediately preceding the Grant Date, the Grant Date and the five trading days immediately following the Grant Date, and rounded up to the nearest whole number of units. The Restricted Units shall vest (and no longer be subject to forfeiture) ratably on each of December 1, 2017, 2018, and 2019 (i.e., one third of the Restricted Units will vest on each of these dates); provided, with respect to each installment, that you continue to be employed by AllianceBernstein L.P. (“AB”) on the vesting date; and provided further, that if your employment is terminated (a) by AB without “Cause” (as defined in the addendum annexed hereto), or (b) as a result of your Death or Disability (as defined in your 2016 Award Agreement under AB’s Incentive Compensation Award Program), there also will vest immediately a pro-rated portion (based on the number of days elapsed, compared to the total number of days , in the applicable vesting period), of the Restricted Units scheduled to vest on the next vesting date. Subject to accelerated delivery upon termination of employment as described below, all of the Restricted Units, subject to applicable withholding, shall be delivered to you as promptly as possible after December 1, 2019.

Holding will pay to you the cash distributions with respect to the unvested Restricted Units and any vested but undelivered Restricted Units on the same dates as cash distributions are paid to holders of Holding Units.

If your employment with AB ceases for any reason prior to December 1, 2019, Holding will deliver to you any vested Restricted Units, subject to applicable withholding, and you will immediately forfeit any unvested Restricted Units.

ablegal - 3224756 v1

You recognize and agree that the one-time special award of Restricted Units is being made in lieu of any cash or deferred awards for 2017, 2018, and 2019 for which you otherwise would be eligible under AB’s Incentive Compensation Award Program. However, you will be eligible at the end of each such year to receive a discretionary cash bonus award, to the extent that such an award is approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors.

Your employment by the Company continues to be an employment at will and can be terminated by AB at any time, for any reason.

This letter confirms our entire understanding with respect to the subject hereof and supersedes any and all prior agreements and understandings whether written or oral with respect thereto. I would appreciate your signing and returning a copy of this letter to confirm your acceptance and understanding of the terms contained in this letter.

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.

By: ALLIANCE BERNSTEIN CORPORATION

By:     __________________________

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.

By: ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN CORPORATION

By:    __________________________

ACCEPTED AND AGREED

________________________         _____________________

James Gingrich                Dated

Addendum

“Cause” shall mean: (a) conviction, whether following trial or by plea of guilty or nolo contendere (or similar plea), in a criminal proceeding (i) on a misdemeanor charge involving fraud, false statements or misleading omissions, wrongful taking, embezzlement, bribery, forgery, counterfeiting or extortion, or (ii) on a felony charge or (iii) on an equivalent charge to those in clauses (i) and (ii) in jurisdictions which do not use those designations; (b) engaging in any conduct which constitutes an employment disqualification under applicable law (including statutory disqualifications as defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended); (c) material failure to perform the duties associated with your job function or intentional refusal to follow reasonable requests of your manager without justification; (d) violation of any securities or commodities laws, any rules or regulations issued pursuant to such laws, or the rules and regulations of any securities or commodities exchange or association of which AB or any of its affiliates is a member; (e) violation of any AB policy concerning hedging or confidential or proprietary information, or any material violation of any other AB investment-related policy in effect from time to time; (f) engaging in any act or making any statement which materially impairs, impugns, denigrates, disparages or negatively reflects upon the name, reputation or business interests of AB or any of its affiliates; or (g) engaging in any conduct materially detrimental to AB or any of its affiliates, including engaging in any activity deemed to be competitive with AB or any affiliate. In the event of a termination for cause under subparts (c), (f) or (g), AB will give you a minimum of ten (10) days’ written notice and an opportunity to cure within thirty (30) days after receipt of notice.

ablegal - 3224756 v1

EX-10.02

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN 2016 INCENTIVE COMPENSATION AWARD PROGRAM

This AllianceBernstein 2016 Incentive Compensation Award Program (the “Program”) under the AllianceBernstein L.P. 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2010 Plan”) has been adopted by the Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of AllianceBernstein Corporation, the general partner of AllianceBernstein L.P. (“AB”) and AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding”). Any incentive compensation awards granted under the 2010 Plan shall be governed solely by the 2010 Plan document, this Program and the terms of any related award agreement.

The right to defer Awards hereunder shall be considered a separate plan within the Program. Such separate plan shall be referred to as the “APCP Deferral Plan.” The APCP Deferral Plan is maintained primarily for the purpose of providing deferred compensation to a select group of management or highly compensated employees (a “Top Hat Employee”). No one who is not a Top Hat Employee may defer compensation under the APCP Deferral Plan.

Any deferral or payment hereunder is subject to the terms of the Program and compliance with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) and the guidance issued thereunder (“Section 409A”), as interpreted by the Committee in its sole discretion. Although none of the Company, the Committee, their affiliates, and their agents make any guarantee with respect to the treatment of payments under the Program and shall not be responsible in any event with regard to the Program’s compliance with Section 409A, the payments contained herein are intended to be exempt from Section 409A or otherwise comply with the requirements of Section 409A, and the Program shall be limited, construed and interpreted in accordance with the foregoing. None of the Company, the Committee, any of their affiliates, and any of their agents shall have any liability to any Participant or Beneficiary as a result of any tax, interest, penalty or other payment required to be paid or due pursuant to, or because of a violation of, Section 409A.

ARTICLE 1DEFINITIONS

Section 1.01Definitions. Whenever used in the Program, each of the following terms shall have the meaning for that term set forth below:

(a)“AB Holding Units”: units representing assignments of beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests in AB Holding.

(b) “Account”: a separate bookkeeping account established for each Participant for each Award, with such Award, as described in Article 2, credited to the Account maintained for such Award.

(c)“Award”: any award granted subject to the Program.

(d)“Award Agreement”: an agreement between a Participant and a Company setting forth the terms of an Award.

(e)“Beneficiary”: one or more Persons, trusts, estates or other entities, designated in accordance with Section 6.04(a), that are entitled to receive, in the event of a Participant’s death, any amount or property to which the Participant would otherwise have been entitled under the Program.

(f)“Beneficiary Designation Form”: the form established from time to time by the Committee that a Participant completes, signs and returns to the Committee to designate one or more Beneficiaries.

(g)“Board”: the Board of Directors of the general partner of AB Holding and AB.

(h)“Cause”: shall have the meaning assigned to it in the Award Agreement. To the extent that the term “Cause” is not defined in the Award Agreement, all references to the term “Cause” herein shall be inapplicable.

(i)“Code”: the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

(j)“Committee”: the Board or one or more committees of the Board designated by the Board to administer the Program.

(k)“Company”: AB Holding, AB and any corporation or other entity of which AB Holding or AB (i) has sufficient voting power (not depending on the happening of a contingency) to elect at least a majority of its board of directors or other governing body, as the case may be, or (ii) otherwise has the power to direct or cause the direction of its management and policies.

(l)“Deferral Election Form”: the form(s) established from time to time by the Committee that a Participant completes, signs and returns to the Committee to elect to defer the distribution of an Award pursuant to Article 5.

(m)“Disability”: shall have the meaning assigned to it in the Award Agreement. To the extent that the term “Disability” is not defined in the Award Agreement, all references to the term “Disability” herein shall be inapplicable.

(n)“Effective Date”: the date Awards are approved by the Committee.

(o)“Eligible Employee”: an active employee of a Company whom the Committee determines to be eligible for an Award. If the Committee determines that Awards made for the subsequent calendar year shall be eligible for deferral, the Committee or its designee shall specify in writing prior to such calendar year those Eligible Employees, or the methodology used to determine those Eligible Employees, who shall be eligible to participate in the APCP Deferral Plan for that calendar year and so notify those Eligible Employees prior to the end of the then calendar year or such later date permitted by Section 409A. Any advance deferral election made by such Eligible Employee is made on the condition that such Eligible Employee satisfies the conditions established by the Committee and, if not, such deferral election shall be null and void ab initio.

(p)“ERISA”: the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

2

(q)“Fair Market Value”: with respect to an AB Holding Unit as of any given date and except as otherwise expressly provided by the Board or the Committee, the closing price of an AB Holding Unit on such date as published in the Wall Street Journal or, if no sale of AB Holding Units occurs on the New York Stock Exchange on such date, the closing price of an AB Holding Unit on such exchange on the last preceding day on which such sale occurred as published in the Wall Street Journal.

(r)    “Participant”: any Eligible Employee of any Company who has been designated by the Committee to receive an Award for any calendar year and who thereafter remains employed by a Company.

(s)    “Person”: any individual, corporation, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, government or political subdivision thereof or other entity.

(t)    “Program”: the AllianceBernstein 2016 Incentive Compensation Award Program, as amended.

(u)    “Restricted Unit”: a right to receive an AB Holding Unit in the future, as accounted for in an Account, subject to vesting and any other terms and conditions established hereunder or by the Committee.

(v)    “Termination of Employment”: the Participant is no longer performing services as an employee of any Company, other than pursuant to a severance or special termination arrangement, and has had a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A.

(w)    “Unforeseeable Emergency”: a severe financial hardship to a Participant or former Participant within the meaning of Section 409A resulting from (i) an illness or accident of the Participant or former Participant, the spouse of the Participant or former Participant, or a dependent (as defined in Code Section 152, without regard to Code Sections 152(b)(1), (b)(2), and (d)(1)(B)) of the Participant or former Participant, (ii) loss of property of the Participant or former Participant due to casualty or (iii) other similar extraordinary and unforeseeable circumstances arising as a result of events beyond the control of the Participant or former Participant, all as determined in the sole discretion of the Committee.

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ARTICLE 2
PARTICIPATION

Section 2.01Eligibility. The Committee, in its sole discretion, will designate those Eligible Employees employed by a Company who will receive Awards with respect to a calendar year. In making such designation, the Committee may consider any criteria that it deems relevant, which may include an Eligible Employee’s position with a Company and the manner in which the Eligible Employee is expected to contribute to the future growth and success of the Company. The Committee may vary the amount of Awards to a particular Participant from year to year and may determine that a Participant who received an Award for a particular year is not eligible to receive any Award with respect to any subsequent year. An Eligible Employee who is a member of the Committee during a particular year shall be eligible to receive an Award for that year only if the Award is approved by the majority of the other members of the Committee.

Section 2.02Grant of Awards. The number of Restricted Units constituting an Award will be determined by the Committee in its sole and absolute discretion and, in the event the Committee elects to designate Awards by dollar amount, such amount will be converted into a number of Restricted Units as of the Effective Date for such Award based on the Fair Market Value of an AB Holding Unit on such Effective Date and will be credited to the Participant’s Account as of such Effective Date. From and after such Effective Date, the Award shall be treated for all purposes as a grant of that number of Restricted Units determined pursuant to the preceding sentence. Awards vest in accordance with the terms set forth in the Award Agreement, and any such vested Award will be subject to the rules on distributions and deferral elections set forth below in Articles 4 and 5, respectively. As soon as reasonably practicable after the end of each calendar year, a statement shall be provided to each such Participant indicating the current balance in each Account maintained for the Participant as of the end of the calendar year.

Section 2.03Distributions on AB Holding Units.

(a)When a regular cash distribution is made with respect to AB Holding Units, within 70 days thereafter, a distribution will be made to each Participant in an amount (the “Equivalent Distribution Amount”) equal to the number of such Restricted Units (whether vested or unvested) credited to the Participant’s Account as of the record date for such cash distribution times the value of the regular cash distribution per AB Holding Unit.

(b)If an Award is designated by dollar amount, fractional unit amounts remaining after conversion under Section 2.02 may be used for any purposes for the benefit of the Participant as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, including but not limited to the payment of taxes with respect to an Award or, if the Committee so elects, such fractional unit amounts may be cancelled.

(c)AB Holding Units shall be subject to adjustment in accordance with Section 4(c) of the 2010 Plan (or such applicable successor provision).

4

ARTICLE 3VESTING AND FORFEITURES

Section 3.01    Vesting. Terms related to vesting of Awards are set forth in the Award Agreement.

Section 3.02    Forfeitures. Terms related to forfeiture of Awards are set forth in the Award Agreement.

ARTICLE 4DISTRIBUTIONS

Section 4.01General. No Award will be distributed unless such distribution is permitted under this Article 4. The distribution of the vested portion of an Award shall be made in AB Holding Units. Any portion of an Award that is not vested will not be distributed hereunder.

Section 4.02Distributions If Deferral Election Is Not In Effect.

(a)Unless a Participant elects otherwise on a Deferral Election Form under Sections 5.01 or 5.02 (if such election is permitted by the Committee), or unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement, a Participant who has not incurred a Disability or a Termination of Employment will have the vested portion of his or her Award distributed to him or her within 70 days after such portion vests under the applicable vesting provisions set forth in the Award Agreement.

(b)Unless a Participant elects otherwise on a Deferral Election Form under Sections 5.01 or 5.02 (if such election is permitted by the Committee), or unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement, a Participant who has had a Disability or a Termination of Employment will have the balance of any vested Award not distributed under Section 4.02(a) distributed to him or her as follows:

(i)In the event of a Participant’s Disability, a distribution will be made to the Participant within 70 days following the Participant’s Disability.

(ii)In the event of a Participant’s Termination of Employment due to the Participant’s death, a distribution will be made to the Participant’s Beneficiary within 70 days following the 180^th day anniversary of the death.

(iii)In the event of a Participant’s Termination of Employment for any reason other than Disability or death, distributions due with respect to the Award, if any, shall be made in the same manner as prescribed in Section 4.02(a) above.

5

Section 4.03Distributions If Deferral Election Is In Effect.

(a)Subject to Section 4.03(b), in the event that a deferral election is in effect with respect to a Participant pursuant to Sections 5.01 or 5.02 and the Participant has not incurred a Disability but has a Termination of Employment for any reason other than death, the vested portion of such Participant’s Award will be distributed to him within 70 days following the benefit commencement date specified on such Deferral Election Form.

(b)In the event that a Deferral Election Form is in effect with respect to a Participant pursuant to Sections 5.01 or 5.02 and such Participant subsequently incurs a Termination of Employment due to death, the elections made by such Participant in his or her Deferral Election Form shall be disregarded, and the Participant’s Award will be distributed to his or her Beneficiary within 70 days following the 180^th day anniversary of the death.

(c)In the event that a Deferral Election is in effect with respect to a Participant pursuant to Section 5.01 or 5.02 and such Participant incurs a subsequent Disability, distribution will be made in accordance with such Participant’s election in his or her Deferral Election Form.

Section 4.04Unforeseeable Emergency. Notwithstanding the foregoing to the contrary, if a Participant or former Participant experiences an Unforeseeable Emergency, such individual may petition the Committee to (i) suspend any deferrals under a Deferral Election Form submitted by such individual and/or (ii) receive a partial or full distribution of a vested Award deferred by such individual. The Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion, whether to accept or deny such petition, and the amount to be distributed, if any, with respect to such Unforeseeable Emergency; provided, however, that such amount may not exceed the amount necessary to satisfy such Unforeseeable Emergency plus amounts necessary to pay taxes reasonably anticipated as a result of the distribution, after taking into account the extent to which such hardship is or may be relieved through reimbursement or compensation by insurance or otherwise, by liquidation of the individual’s assets (to the extent the liquidation of such assets would not itself cause severe financial hardship), and by suspension of the individual’s deferral(s) under the Program.

Section 4.05Documentation. Each Participant and Beneficiary shall provide the Committee with any documentation required by the Committee for purposes of administering the Program.

6

ARTICLE 5DEFERRALS OF COMPENSATION

Section 5.01Initial Deferral Election.

(a)The Committee may permit deferral elections of Awards in its sole and absolute discretion in accordance with procedures established by the Committee for this purpose from time to time. If so permitted, a Participant may elect in writing on a Deferral Election Form to have the portion of the Award which vests distributed as of a permitted distribution commencement date elected by the Participant that occurs following the date that such Award becomes or is scheduled to become 100% vested under the applicable vesting period set forth in the Award Agreement and specifying among the forms of distribution alternatives permitted by the Committee and specified on the Deferral Election Form. In addition, if permitted by the Committee and specified on the Deferral Election Form, a Participant who elects a distribution commencement date may also elect that if a Termination of Employment occurs prior to such distribution commencement date, the distribution commencement date shall be six months after the Termination of Employment. A Participant may make the deferral election with respect to all or a portion of an Award as permitted by the Committee. Any such distribution shall be made in such form(s) as permitted by the Committee at the time of deferral (including, if permitted by the Committee, a single distribution or distribution of a substantially equal number of AB Holding Units over a period of up to ten years) as elected by the Participant. If the Participant fails to properly fully complete and file with the Committee (or its designee) the Deferral Election Form on a timely basis, the Deferral Election Form and the deferral election shall be null and void. If deferrals are permitted by the Committee and the Participant is eligible to make a deferral election, such Deferral Election Form must be submitted to the Committee (or its delegate) no later than the last day of the calendar year prior to the Effective Date of an Award, except that a Deferral Election Form may also be submitted to the Committee (or its delegate) in accordance with the provisions set forth in Section 5.01(b) and (c).

(b)In the case of the first year in which a Participant becomes eligible to participate in the Program and with respect to services to be performed subsequent to such deferral election, a Deferral Election Form may be submitted within 30 days after the date the Participant becomes eligible to participate in the Program.

(c)A Deferral Election Form may be submitted at such other time or times as permitted by the Committee in accordance with Section 409A of the Code.

Section 5.02Changes in Time and Form of Distribution. The elections set forth in a Participant’s Deferral Election Form governing the payment of the vested portion of an Award pursuant to Section 5.01 shall be irrevocable as to the Award covered by such election; provided, however, if permitted by the Committee, a Participant shall be permitted to change the time and form of distribution of such Award by making a subsequent election on a Deferral Election Form supplied by the Committee for this purpose in accordance with procedures established by the Committee from time to time, provided that any such subsequent election does not take effect for at least 12 months, is made at least 12 months prior to the scheduled distribution commencement date for such Award and the subsequent election defers commencement of the distribution for at least five years from the date such payment otherwise would have been made. With regard to any

7

installment payments, each installment thereof shall be deemed a separate payment for purposes of Section 409A, provided, however, the Committee may limit the ability to treat the deferral as a separate installment for purposes of changing the time and form of payment. Whenever a payment under the Program specifies a payment period with reference to a number of days, the actual date of payment within the specified period shall be within the sole discretion of the Committee.

ARTICLE 6ADMINISTRATION; MISCELLANEOUS

Section 6.01Administration. The Program is intended to constitute an unfunded, non-qualified incentive plan within the meaning of ERISA and shall be administered by the Committee as such. The APCP Deferral Plan is intended to be an unfunded, non-qualified deferred compensation plan within the meaning of ERISA and shall be administered by the Committee as such. The right of any Participant or Beneficiary to receive distributions under the Program shall be as an unsecured claim against the general assets of AB. Notwithstanding the foregoing, AB, in its sole discretion, may establish a “rabbi trust” or separate custodial account to pay benefits hereunder. The Committee shall have the full power and authority to administer and interpret the Program and to take any and all actions in connection with the Program, including, but not limited to, the power and authority to prescribe all applicable procedures, forms and agreements. The Committee’s interpretation and construction of the Program shall be conclusive and binding on all Persons.

Section 6.02Authority to Vary Terms of Awards. The Committee shall have the authority to grant Awards other than as described herein, subject to such terms and conditions as the Committee shall determine in its discretion.

Section 6.03Amendment, Suspension and Termination of the Program. The Committee reserves the right at any time, without the consent of any Participant or Beneficiary and for any reason, to amend, suspend or terminate the Program in whole or in part in any manner; provided that no such amendment, suspension or termination shall reduce the balance in any Account prior to such amendment, suspension or termination or impose additional conditions on the right to receive such balance, except as required by law.

Section 6.04General Provisions.

(a)To the extent provided by the Committee, each Participant may file with the Committee a written designation of one or more Persons, including a trust or the Participant’s estate, as the Beneficiary entitled to receive, in the event of the Participant’s death, any amount or property to which the Participant would otherwise have been entitled under the Program. A Participant may, from time to time, revoke or change his or her Beneficiary designation by filing a new designation with the Committee. If (i) no such Beneficiary designation is in effect at the time of a Participant’s death, (ii) no designated Beneficiary survives the Participant, or (iii) a designation on file is not legally effective for any reason, then the Participant’s estate shall be the Participant’s Beneficiary.

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(b)Neither the establishment of the Program nor the grant of any Award or any action of any Company, the Board, or the Committee pursuant to the Program, shall be held or construed to confer upon any Participant any legal right to be continued in the employ of any Company. Each Company expressly reserves the right to discharge any Participant without liability to the Participant or any Beneficiary, except as to any rights which may expressly be conferred upon the Participant under the Program.

(c)An Award hereunder shall not be treated as compensation, whether upon such Award’s grant, vesting, payment or otherwise, for purposes of calculating or accruing a benefit under any other employee benefit plan except as specifically provided by such other employee benefit plan.

(d)Nothing contained in the Program, and no action taken pursuant to the Program, shall create or be construed to create a fiduciary relationship between any Company and any other person.

(e)Neither the establishment of the Program nor the granting of an Award hereunder shall be held or construed to create any rights to any compensation, including salary, bonus or commissions, nor the right to any other Award or the levels thereof under the Program.

(f)No Award or right to receive any payment may be transferred or assigned, pledged or otherwise encumbered by any Participant or Beneficiary other than by will, by the applicable laws of descent and distribution or by a court of competent jurisdiction. Any other attempted assignment or alienation of any payment hereunder shall be void and of no force or effect.

(g)If any provision of the Program shall be held illegal or invalid, the illegality or invalidity shall not affect the remaining provisions of the Program, and the Program shall be construed and enforced as if the illegal or invalid provision had not been included in the Program.

(h)Any notice to be given by the Committee under the Program to any party shall be in writing addressed to such party at the last address shown for the recipient on the records of any Company or subsequently provided in writing to the Committee. Any notice to be given by a party to the Committee under the Program shall be in writing addressed to the Committee at the address of AB.

(i)Section headings herein are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the meaning of any provision of the Program.

(j)The Program shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

(k)There shall be withheld from each payment made pursuant to the Program any tax or other charge required to be withheld therefrom pursuant to any federal, state or local law. A Company by whom a Participant is employed shall also be entitled to withhold from any compensation payable to a Participant any tax imposed by Section 3101 of the Code, or any successor provision, on any amount credited to the Participant; provided, however, that if for any reason the

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Company does not so withhold the entire amount of such tax on a timely basis, the Participant shall be required to reimburse AB for the amount of the tax not withheld promptly upon AB’s request therefore. With respect to Restricted Units: (i) in the event that the Committee determines that any federal, state or local tax or any other charge is required by law to be withheld with respect to the Restricted Units or the vesting of Restricted Units (a “Withholding Amount”) then, in the discretion of the Committee, either (X) prior to or contemporaneously with the delivery of AB Holding Units to the recipient, the recipient shall pay the Withholding Amount to AB in cash or in vested AB Holding Units already owned by the recipient (which are not subject to a pledge or other security interest), or a combination of cash and such AB Holding Units, having a total fair market value, as determined by the Committee, equal to the Withholding Amount; (Y) AB shall retain from any vested AB Holding Units to be delivered to the recipient that number of AB Holding Units having a fair market value, as determined by the Committee, equal to the Withholding Amount (or such portion of the Withholding Amount that is not satisfied under clause (X) as payment of the Withholding Amount; or (Z) if AB Holding Units are delivered without the payment of the Withholding Amount pursuant to either clause (X) or (Y), the recipient shall promptly pay the Withholding Amount to AB on at least seven business days’ notice from the Committee either in cash or in vested AB Holding Units owned by the recipient (which are not subject to a pledge or other security interest), or a combination of cash and such AB Holding Units, having a total fair market value, as determined by the Committee, equal to the Withholding Amount, and (ii) in the event that the recipient does not pay the Withholding Amount to AB as required pursuant to clause (i) or make arrangements satisfactory to AB regarding payment thereof, AB may withhold any unpaid portion thereof from any amount otherwise due the recipient from AB.

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EX-10.03

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN 2016 DEFERRED CASH COMPENSATION PROGRAM

This AllianceBernstein 2016 Deferred Cash Compensation Program (the “Program”), under the AllianceBernstein 2016 Incentive Compensation Award Program (the “ICAP”), has been adopted by the Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of AllianceBernstein Corporation, the general partner of AllianceBernstein L.P. (“AB”) and AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding”). Any cash awards granted under this Program shall be governed solely by this Program document, the ICAP and the terms of any related award agreement.

ARTICLE 1DEFINITIONS

Section 1.01Definitions. Whenever used in the Program, each of the following terms shall have the meaning for that term set forth below:

(a)“Account”: a separate bookkeeping account established for each Participant for each Award, with such Award, as described in Article 2, credited to the Account maintained for such Award.

(b)“Award”: any award granted subject to the Program.

(c)“Award Agreement”: an agreement between a Participant and a Company setting forth the terms of an Award.

(d)“Beneficiary”: one or more Persons, trusts, estates or other entities, designated in accordance with Section 5.04(a), that are entitled to receive, in the event of a Participant’s death, any amount or property to which the Participant would otherwise have been entitled under the Program.

(e)“Beneficiary Designation Form”: the form established from time to time by the Committee that a Participant completes, signs and returns to the Company to designate one or more Beneficiaries.

(f)“Board”: the Board of Directors of the general partner of AB Holding and AB.

(g)“Cause”: shall have the meaning assigned to it in the Award Agreement. To the extent that the term “Cause” is not defined in the Award Agreement, all references to the term “Cause” herein shall be inapplicable.

(h)“Code”: the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

(i)“Committee”: the Compensation Committee of the Board or one or more other committees of the Board designated by the Board to administer the Program; or if no such committee exists or is designated, the Board.

(j)“Company”: AB Holding, AB and any corporation or other entity of which AB Holding or AB currently has sufficient voting power to elect at least a majority of its board of directors or other governing body, as the case may be, or (ii) otherwise has the power to direct or cause the direction of its management and policies.

(k) “Disability”: shall have the meaning assigned to it in the Award Agreement. To the extent that the term “Disability” is not defined in the Award Agreement, all references to the term “Disability” herein shall be inapplicable.

(l)“Effective Date”: the date Awards are approved by the Committee.

(m)“Eligible Employee”: an active employee of a Company who the Committee determines to be eligible for an Award.

(n)“ERISA”: the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

(o)    “Participant”: any Eligible Employee of any Company who has been designated by the Committee to receive an Award for any calendar year and who thereafter remains employed by a Company.

(p)    “Person”: any individual, corporation, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, government or political subdivision thereof or other entity.

(q)    “Program”: the AllianceBernstein 2016 Deferred Cash Compensation Program, as amended.

(r)    “Termination of Employment”: the Participant is no longer performing services as an employee of any Company, other than pursuant to a severance or special termination arrangement, and has had a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code.

ARTICLE 2
PARTICIPATION

Section 2.01Eligibility. The Committee, in its sole discretion, will designate those Eligible Employees who will receive Awards with respect to a calendar year. In making such designation, the Committee may consider any criteria that it deems relevant, which may include an Eligible Employee’s position with a Company and the manner in which the Eligible Employee is expected to contribute to the future growth and success of the Company. The Committee may vary the amount of Awards to a particular Participant from year to year and may determine that a Participant who received an Award for a particular year is not eligible to receive any Award with respect to any subsequent year. An Eligible Employee who is a member of the Committee during a particular year shall be eligible to receive an Award for that year only if the Award is approved by the majority of the other members of the Committee.

Section 2.02Grant of Awards. The amount of cash constituting an Award will be determined by the Committee in its sole and absolute discretion in U.S. dollars and will be credited to the Participant’s Account as of such Effective Date. If the Participant is based outside the United States, such amount will be converted into the local currency of the Participant as of the Effective Date for such Award based on the exchange rates on such Effective Date; from and after such Effective Date, the Award shall be treated for all purposes as a grant in that currency. Awards vest in accordance with the terms set forth in the Award Agreement, and any such vested Award will be subject to the rules on distributions set forth below in Articles 4 and 5, respectively. As soon as reasonably practicable after the end of each calendar year, a statement shall be provided to each such Participant indicating the current balance in each Account maintained for the Participant as of the end of the calendar year.

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Section 2.03Interest. Interest on Awards will be accrued monthly based on AB’s monthly weighted average cost of funds. The return will be nominal. The interest earned will be credited to the Participant’s Account balance annually.

ARTICLE 3VESTING AND FORFEITURES

Section 3.01    Vesting. Terms related to vesting of Awards are set forth in the Award Agreement.

Section 3.02    Forfeitures. Terms related to forfeiture of Awards are set forth in the Award Agreement.

ARTICLE 4DISTRIBUTIONS

Section 4.01General. No Award will be distributed unless such distribution is permitted under this Article 4. The distribution of the vested portion of an Award shall be made in cash in the local currency of the Participant. Any portion of an Award that is not vested will not be distributed hereunder.

Section 4.02Distributions.

(a)Unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement, a Participant who has not incurred a Disability or a Termination of Employment will have the vested portion of his or her Award distributed to him or her within 70 days after such portion vests under the applicable vesting provisions set forth in the Award Agreement.

(b)Unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement, a Participant who has had a Disability or a Termination of Employment will have the balance of any vested Award not distributed under Section 4.02(a) distributed to him or her as follows:

(i)In the event of a Participant’s Disability, a distribution will be made to the Participant within 70 days following the Participant’s Disability.

(ii)In the event of a Participant’s Termination of Employment due to the Participant’s death, a distribution will be made to the Participant’s Beneficiary within 70 days following the 180^th day anniversary of the death.

(iii)In the event of a Participant’s Termination of Employment for any reason other than Disability or death, distributions due with respect to the Award, if any, shall be made in the same manner as prescribed in Section 4.02(a) above.

Section 4.03Documentation. Each Participant and Beneficiary shall provide the Committee with any documentation required by the Committee for purposes of administering the Program.

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ARTICLE 5ADMINISTRATION; MISCELLANEOUS

Section 5.01Administration. To the extent a Participant is a U.S. taxpayer or receives U.S. source income, the Program is intended to constitute an unfunded, non-qualified incentive plan within the meaning of ERISA and shall be administered by the Committee as such. The right of any Participant or Beneficiary to receive distributions under the Program shall be as an unsecured claim against the general assets of AB. Notwithstanding the foregoing, AB, in its sole discretion, may establish a “rabbi trust” or separate custodial account to pay benefits hereunder. The Committee shall have the full power and authority to administer and interpret the Program and to take any and all actions in connection with the Program, including, but not limited to, the power and authority to prescribe all applicable procedures, forms and agreements. The Committee’s interpretation and construction of the Program shall be conclusive and binding on all Persons.

Section 5.02Authority to Vary Terms of Awards. The Committee shall have the authority to grant Awards other than as described herein, subject to such terms and conditions as the Committee shall determine in its discretion.

Section 5.03Amendment, Suspension and Termination of the Program. The Committee reserves the right at any time, without the consent of any Participant or Beneficiary and for any reason, to amend, suspend or terminate the Program in whole or in part in any manner; provided that no such amendment, suspension or termination shall reduce the balance in any Account prior to such amendment, suspension or termination or impose additional conditions on the right to receive such balance, except as required by law.

Section 5.04General Provisions.

(a)To the extent provided by the Committee, each Participant may file with the Committee a written designation of one or more Persons, including a trust or the Participant’s estate, as the Beneficiary entitled to receive, in the event of the Participant’s death, any amount or property to which the Participant would otherwise have been entitled under the Program. A Participant may, from time to time, revoke or change his or her Beneficiary designation by filing a new designation with the Committee. If (i) no such Beneficiary designation is in effect at the time of a Participant’s death, (ii) no designated Beneficiary survives the Participant, or (iii) a designation on file is not legally effective for any reason, then the Participant’s estate shall be the Participant’s Beneficiary.

(b)Neither the establishment of the Program nor the grant of any Award or any action of any Company, the Board or the Committee pursuant to the Program, shall be held or construed to confer upon any Participant any legal right to be continued in the employ of any Company. Each Company expressly reserves the right to discharge any Participant without liability to the Participant or any Beneficiary, except as to any rights which may expressly be conferred upon the Participant under the Program.

(c)An Award hereunder shall not be treated as compensation, whether upon such Award’s grant, vesting, payment or otherwise, for purposes of calculating or accruing a benefit under any other employee benefit plan except as specifically provided by such other employee benefit plan.

(d)Nothing contained in the Program, and no action taken pursuant to the Program, shall create or be construed to create a fiduciary relationship between any Company and any other Person.

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(e)Neither the establishment of the Program nor the granting of an Award hereunder shall be held or construed to create any rights to any compensation, including salary, bonus or commissions, nor the right to any other Award or the levels thereof under the Program.

(f)No Award or right to receive any payment may be transferred or assigned, pledged or otherwise encumbered by any Participant or Beneficiary other than by will, by the applicable laws of descent and distribution or by a court of competent jurisdiction. Any other attempted assignment or alienation of any payment hereunder shall be void and of no force or effect.

(g)If any provision of the Program shall be held illegal or invalid, the illegality or invalidity shall not affect the remaining provisions of the Program, and the Program shall be construed and enforced as if the illegal or invalid provision had not been included in the Program.

(h)Any notice to be given by the Committee under the Program to any party shall be in writing addressed to such party at the last address shown for the recipient on the records of any Company or subsequently provided in writing to the Committee. Any notice to be given by a party to the Committee under the Program shall be in writing addressed to the Committee at the address of AB.

(i)Section headings herein are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the meaning of any provision of the Program.

(j)To the extent not preempted by ERISA, the Program shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

(k)There shall be withheld from each payment made pursuant to the Program any tax or other charge required to be withheld therefrom pursuant to any federal, state or local law. A Company by whom a Participant is employed shall also be entitled to withhold from any compensation payable to a Participant any tax imposed by Section 3101 of the Code, or any successor provision, on any amount credited to the Participant; provided, however, that if for any reason the Company does not so withhold the entire amount of such tax on a timely basis, the Participant shall be required to reimburse AB for the amount of the tax not withheld promptly upon AB’s request therefore.

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EX-10.04

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN

INCENTIVE COMPENSATION AWARD PROGRAM,

DEFERRED CASH COMPENSATION PROGRAM AND

2010 LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

AWARD AGREEMENT FOR 2016 AWARDS

AWARD AGREEMENT, dated as of December 31, 2016, among AllianceBernstein L.P. (together with its subsidiaries, “AB”), AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding”) and <PARTC_NAME> (“Participant”), an employee of AB.

WHEREAS, the Compensation Committee (“Committee” or “Administrator”) of the Board of Directors (“Board”) of AllianceBernstein Corporation (“Corporation”), pursuant to the AllianceBernstein 2016 Incentive Compensation Award Program (“IncentiveCompensation Program”) and the AllianceBernstein 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended (“2010 Plan” and, together with the Incentive Compensation Program, the “Plans”), copies of which have been delivered electronically to the Participant, has granted to the Participant an award (“Award”) consisting of units representing assignments of the beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests in AB Holding (“AB Holding Units”) subject to certain restrictions described herein (“Restricted Units”), and authorized the execution and delivery of this Award Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Committee has granted to the Participant the right to receive a portion of the Award in cash instead of Restricted Units, as contemplated in the AllianceBernstein 2016 Deferred Cash Compensation Program (“Deferred Cash Program”);

NOW, THEREFORE, in accordance with the grant of the Award, and as a condition thereto, AB, AB Holding and the Participant agree as follows:

1.    Grant. Subject to and under the terms and conditions set forth in this Award Agreement and the Plans, the Committee hereby awards to the Participant the amount of deferred cash (“Deferred Cash”) elected by the Participant and as set forth in Section 2 of Schedule A and the number of Restricted Units set forth in Section 3 of Schedule A, together with the right to receive interest on Deferred Cash, if elected, as specified in Section 2 below and regular cash distributions with regard to the underlying AB Holding Units pursuant to Section 2.03(a) of the Incentive Compensation Program. The aggregate dollar amount of the Award (including Deferred Cash and Restricted Units) was determined by the Committee on December 9, 2016, with the number of Restricted Units being based on the closing price of an AB Holding Unit on that date.

2.    Earnings on Deferred Cash. Interest on Deferred Cash, if elected, will be accrued monthly based on AB’s monthly weighted average cost of funds. The return will be nominal. The interest earned will be credited to the Participant’s Deferred Cash balance annually.

3.    Vesting and Distribution. The Deferred Cash and Restricted Units shall vest in accordance with Section 5 of Schedule A so long as the Participant remains employed by AB on each vesting anniversary, except as specifically set forth in Section 7 of this Award Agreement. Once the Deferred Cash, if elected, has vested, cash shall be distributed to the Participant as specified in Article 4 of the Deferred Cash Program. Once Restricted Units have vested, AB Holding Units shall be distributed to the Participant as specified in Article 4 of the Incentive Compensation Program.

4.    Notice of Resignation. As a condition of receiving the Award, the Participant agrees that in the event of the Participant’s resignation, the Participant shall provide AB with prior written notice of the Participant’s intent to resign based on the schedule set forth below. Notwithstanding the terms of any other agreement between the Participant and AB (or its subsidiaries), including, but not limited to, any employment agreement, which agreement shall be deemed amended by this Award Agreement, the Participant will continue to be eligible for base salary or draw, available health and welfare benefits, and quarterly distribution payments on unvested Restricted Units, so long as the Participant’s employment with AB continues during the notice period. Once the Participant has provided AB with prior written notice of the Participant’s intent to resign, AB may, in its sole discretion, either shorten the Participant’s notice period at any time during the notice period in accordance with Section 8 of this Award Agreement or require the Participant to discontinue or limit regular duties, including prohibiting the Participant from further entry to any of AB’s premises. (In either case, the Participant shall be treated as having informed AB of his or her intent to resign and continue to be obligated to satisfy the requirements of Section 7(c) of this Award Agreement.) If AB shortens the Participant’s notice period, the Participant’s resignation shall become effective as of the end of the shortened notice period and, thereafter, the Participant shall not receive salary or draw, health and welfare benefits, quarterly distribution payments on unvested Restricted Units, or any Restricted Units or Deferred Cash that otherwise would have vested in accordance with Section 5 of Schedule A, except for Restricted Units (and quarterly distribution payments on unvested Restricted Units) and Deferred Cash that continue to vest and be distributed as provided in Sections 7(c) and 7(d) of this Award Agreement. The notice period shall be as follows:

Senior Vice President or above:    90 days

Vice President:            60 days

Assistant Vice President or below:    30 days

5.    Covenants. As an additional condition of receiving the Award, the Participant agrees to the following covenants and remedies for failure to comply:

(a)    Competition. At no time while employed by AB (including any applicable notice period) shall the Participant provide Competing Services, in any capacity, whether as an employee, consultant, independent contractor, owner, partner, shareholder, director or otherwise, to any Direct Competitor; provided, however, that nothing herein shall prevent the Participant from being a passive owner of not more than 5% of the outstanding equity of any class of securities of an entity that is publicly traded and that owns or may acquire any corporation or business that

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competes with AB. “Competing Services” means services provided to a Direct Competitor that involve (i) the direct or indirect solicitation (including through financial intermediaries or consultants) of actual or prospective clients of AB with respect to investment management or research products or services; (ii) the creation, management or maintenance (or providing material support for, or managing or supervising, the creation, management or maintenance) of an investment management or research product or service that competes directly with a significant investment management or research product or service then offered or provided by AB or that AB intends to offer or provide as part of a Planned Business; or (iii) the Participant functioning in a senior executive, operational, administrative, financial, advisory or consulting role, which is the same as or substantially similar to the Participant’s role with AB. “Direct Competitor” means a business that offers or provides products or services that compete directly with products or services offered or provided by AB or that AB intends to offer or provide as part of a Planned Business, where the business activities of the Direct Competitor either constitute or can reasonably be expected to constitute meaningful competition for AB. “Planned Business” means a business: (i) that the Participant is aware that AB plans to enter within six months after the Participant’s last date of employment, (ii) that is material to the AB entity or business unit that plans to enter such business, and (iii) in which such AB entity or business unit has invested material resources (including time of senior management) in preparation for launch.

(b)    Employee Solicitation. At no time while employed by AB (including any applicable notice period) shall the Participant (whether directly or indirectly through instruction to any other person or entity) recruit, solicit or hire any employee of AB to work for the Participant or any other person or entity.

(c)    Confidentiality. From the date hereof and continuing after the Participant’s last date of employment, and except as otherwise required by law, the Participant shall not disclose or make accessible to any business, person or entity, or make use of (other than in the course of the business of AB) any trade secrets, proprietary knowledge or confidential information that the Participant shall have obtained during his or her employment by AB and that shall not be generally known to or recognized by the general public. All information regarding or relating to any aspect of the business of AB, including but not limited to existing or contemplated business plans, activities or procedures, current or prospective clients, current or prospective contracts or other business arrangements, current or prospective products, facilities and methods, manuals, intellectual property, price lists, financial information (including the revenues, costs, or profits associated with any of the products or services of AB), or any other information acquired because of the Participant’s employment by AB, shall be conclusively presumed to be confidential; provided, however, that confidential information shall not include any information known generally to the public (other than as a result of unauthorized disclosure by the Participant). The Participant’s obligations under this Section 5(c) shall be in

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addition to any other confidentiality or nondisclosure obligations the Participant has to AB at law or under any other of AB’s policies or agreements.

(d)    Non-disparagement. The Participant shall not make intentionally disparaging remarks about AB, or issue any communication, written or otherwise, that reflects adversely on or encourages any adverse action against AB, except if testifying truthfully under oath pursuant to any subpoena, order, directive, request or other legal process, or as may be otherwise required by law.

(e)    Remedies. If the Participant fails to comply with the agreements and covenants set forth in Section 4 or this Section 5, AB shall have the following remedies:

(i)    The Participant agrees that in the event of a breach of any of the agreements or covenants contained in Section 4 or this Section 5, any Deferred Cash or Restricted Units that have not vested or have vested but have not been delivered (other than as a result of a voluntary long-term deferral election) shall be forfeited.

(ii)    Without intending to limit the remedies available to AB, the Participant acknowledges that a breach of any of the agreements or covenants contained in Section 4 or this Section 5 shall result in material irreparable injury to AB for which the forfeiture remedy described in Section (i) above may not be adequate and that, in the event of such a breach or threat thereof, AB shall be entitled to obtain a temporary restraining order and/or a preliminary or permanent injunction restraining the Participant from engaging in activities prohibited by this Award Agreement or such other relief as may be required to specifically enforce any of the agreements or covenants in Section 4 or this Section 5. The Participant acknowledges that the above restrictions are part of a program of AB covering employees in many jurisdictions and that it is necessary to maintain consistency of administration and interpretation with respect to such program, and accordingly, the Participant consents to the applicability of New York law and jurisdiction in accordance with Section 14 hereof. In the event that any court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction shall determine this Section 5 to be unenforceable or invalid for any reason, the Participant agrees that this Section 5 shall be interpreted to extend only over the maximum period of time for which it may be enforceable, and/or over the maximum geographical area as to which it may be enforceable, and/or to the maximum extent in any and all respects as to which it may be enforceable, all as determined by such court or tribunal.

(iii)    In addition to the remedies set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) above, AB retains the right to seek damages and other relief for any breach by the Participant of any agreement or covenant contained in this Award Agreement.

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6.    Forfeiture for Failure to Consider Certain Risks. If the Committee determines that, during the calendar year in which the Award was granted, (a) the Participant participated in the structuring or marketing of any investment management or research product or service, or participated on behalf of AB or any of its clients in the purchase or sale of any security or other property as part of providing investment management services or otherwise, and (b) (i) the Participant failed to follow or violated any written AB policy guideline or process designed in whole or in part to manage or mitigate risk; (ii) as a result, appropriate consideration was not given to the risk to AB or the Participant’s business unit (for example, where the Participant has improperly analyzed such risk or where the Participant failed sufficiently to raise concerns about such risk); and (iii) there has been, or reasonably could be expected to be, a material adverse impact on AB or the Participant’s business unit, the Participant shall forfeit all unvested Deferred Cash, if elected, and all unvested Restricted Units granted pursuant to such Award.

7.    Termination of Employment. The Deferred Cash and Restricted Units shall vest in accordance with Section 5 of Schedule A only while the Participant is employed by AB, except as follows:

(a)    Disability. Any unvested Deferred Cash and Restricted Units shall fully vest immediately upon a Participant’s Disability and shall be distributed to the Participant as specified in Article 4 of each of the Deferred Cash Program and the Incentive Compensation Program. The Participant shall be deemed to have incurred a “Disability” if the Participant is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, as determined by the carrier of the long-term disability insurance program maintained by AB or its affiliate that covers the Participant, or such other person or entity designated by the Administrator in its sole discretion. In order to assist in the process described in this Section 7(a), the Participant shall, as reasonably requested by the Administrator, (i) be available for medical examinations by one or more physicians chosen by the long-term disability insurance provider or the Administrator and approved by the Participant, whose approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, and (ii) grant the long-term disability insurance provider, the Administrator and any such physicians access to all relevant medical information concerning the Participant, arrange to furnish copies of medical records to them, and use best efforts to cause the Participant’s own physicians to be available to discuss the Participant’s health with them.

(b)    Death. If the Participant dies (i) while in the employ of AB, or (ii) while the Participant otherwise holds outstanding unvested Deferred Cash or Restricted Units, any unvested Deferred Cash and all unvested Restricted Units held by the Participant (and not previously forfeited or cancelled) shall vest immediately and be distributed in accordance with Article 4 of each of the Deferred Cash Program and the Incentive Compensation Program.

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(c)    Resignation. If the Participant resigns or otherwise voluntarily terminates his or her employment with AB (other than due to the Participant’s Disability), any unvested Deferred Cash and all unvested Restricted Units held by the Participant (and not previously forfeited or cancelled) on the date of resignation shall continue to vest as specified in Section 5 of Schedule A and be distributed as specified in Article 4 of each of the Deferred Cash Program and the Incentive Compensation Program. The provisions in this Section 7(c) are conditioned upon the Participant’s continued compliance with the agreements and covenants set forth in Sections 4 and 5 of this Award Agreement from the date of resignation until the Deferred Cash and Restricted Units have fully vested and been delivered (or would have been delivered but for a voluntary long-term deferral election), the Participant providing to AB in writing (in a form to be provided by AB, a “Resignation Questionnaire”) within 10 days from the first date the Participant informs AB about his or her resignation, information relating to the Participant’s new employment opportunity, if any, the Participant confirming continued compliance with the agreements and covenants set forth in Sections 4 and 5 of this Award Agreement in writing (in a form to be provided by AB, a “Confirmation Certificate”) in connection with each vesting date, and the Participant executing and complying with a standard release in favor of AB (in a form to be provided by AB, a “Release”); provided, however, that the only remedy available to AB for any breach by the Participant of the agreements and covenants set forth in Sections 4, 5(a) and 5(b) of this Award Agreement that occurs after the Participant’s last date of employment (including any applicable notice period), or for the Participant failing to provide to AB the Resignation Questionnaire, the Release or each annual Confirmation Certificate, shall be the forfeiture remedy described in Section 5(e)(i). In addition, the terms of this Section 7(c) are also conditioned on the Participant not receiving replacement equity from a new employer for the unvested Deferred Cash and Restricted Units as to which continued vesting is to apply and the Participant confirming such fact in the Resignation Questionnaire and each Confirmation Certificate.

(d)    Termination Without Cause. If AB terminates the Participant’s employment without Cause (other than due to the Participant’s Disability or death), any unvested Deferred Cash and all unvested Restricted Units held by the Participant (and not previously forfeited or cancelled) on the date of such termination shall continue to vest as specified in Section 5 of Schedule A and be distributed as specified in Article 4 of each of the Deferred Cash Program and the Incentive Compensation Program. The provisions in this Section 7(d) are conditioned upon the Participant’s continued compliance with the covenants set forth in Section 5 of this Award Agreement (except Section 5(a), with respect to which the Participant need not comply after the Participant’s termination date) until the Deferred Cash and Restricted Units have fully vested and been delivered (or would have been delivered but for a voluntary long-term deferral election), signing and returning a Confirmation Certificate to AB in connection with each vesting date, and executing and complying

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with a standard release in favor of AB (in a form to be provided by AB); provided, however, that the only remedy available to AB for any breach by the Participant of the covenant set forth in Section 5(b) of this Award Agreement that occurs after the Participant’s last date of employment (including any applicable notice period) shall be the forfeiture remedy described in Section 5(e)(i).

(e)    Termination For Cause. If AB terminates the Participant’s employment for Cause (or, if after termination of the Participant’s employment other than for “Cause”, as that term is defined in the 2010 Plan, AB determines than an event occurred during the Participant’s employment that would have entitled AB to terminate the Participant’s employment for Cause), the Participant shall forfeit all unvested Deferred Cash and Restricted Units.

8.    No Right to Continued Employment. Neither the Award nor any term of this Award Agreement is intended to create a contract of employment or alter the at-will status of the Participant, who is employed on an at-will basis, nor shall they confer upon the Participant any right to continue in the employ of AB before, during or after any applicable notice period. In addition, neither the Award nor any term of this Award Agreement shall interfere in any way with the right of AB to terminate the service of the Participant at any time for any reason, or shorten any notice period at any time as prescribed by Section 4 of this Award Agreement.

9.    Non-Transferability. The Participant may not sell, assign, transfer, pledge or otherwise dispose of or encumber any of the Deferred Cash or Restricted Units, or any interest therein, until the Participant’s rights in such Deferred Cash or Restricted Units vest in accordance with this Award Agreement. Any purported sale, assignment, transfer, pledge or other disposition or encumbrance in violation of this Award Agreement will be void and of no effect.

10.    Payment of Withholding Tax. The provisions set forth in Section 5.04(k) of the Deferred Cash Program and Section 6.04(k) of the Incentive Compensation Program shall apply in the event that AB determines that any federal, state or local tax or any other charge is required by law to be withheld with respect to a vesting or distribution of Deferred Cash or Restricted Units.

11.    Dilution and Other Adjustments. The existence of the Award shall not impair the right of AB, AB Holding or their respective partners to, among other things, conduct, make or effect any change in AB’s or AB Holding’s business, any distribution (whether in the form of cash, limited partnership interests, other securities or other property), recapitalization (including, without limitation, any subdivision or combination of limited partnership interests), reorganization, consolidation, combination, repurchase or exchange of limited partnership interests or other securities of AB or AB Holding, issuance of warrants or other rights to purchase limited partnership interests or other securities of AB or AB Holding, or any incorporation (or other change in form) of AB or AB Holding. AB Holding Units shall be subject to adjustment in accordance with Section 4(c) of the 2010 Plan (or such applicable successor provision).

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12.    Electronic Delivery. The Plans contemplate that each award shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement which shall be delivered to the Participant. It is hereby understood that electronic delivery of this Award Agreement constitutes delivery under the Plans.

13.    Administrator. If at any time there shall be no Committee, the Board shall be the Administrator.

14.    Governing Law. This Award Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York. The Participant hereby consents to the exclusive jurisdiction of any state or federal court located within the State of New York, County of New York, with respect to any legal action, dispute or otherwise, arising out of, related to, or in connection with this Award Agreement. The Participant hereby waives any objection in any such action or proceeding based on forum non-conveniens, and any objection to venue with respect to any such legal action, which may be instituted in any of the aforementioned courts.

15.    Sections and Headings. All section references in this Award Agreement are to sections hereof for convenience of reference only and are not to affect the meaning of any provision of this Award Agreement.

16.    Interpretation. The Participant accepts the Award subject to all the terms and provisions of the Plans and this Award Agreement. In the event of any conflict between any clause of the Plans and this Award Agreement, this Award Agreement shall control. The Participant accepts as binding, conclusive and final all decisions or interpretations of the Administrator or Board upon any questions arising under the Plans and/or this Award Agreement.

17.    Notices. Any notice under this Award Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when delivered personally (whether by hand or by facsimile) or when deposited in the United States mail, registered, postage prepaid, and addressed, in the case of AB and AB Holding, to the Corporate Secretary at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105, or if AB should move its principal office, to such principal office, and, in the case of the Participant, to his or her last permanent address as shown on AB’s records, subject to the right of either party to designate some other address at any time hereafter in a notice satisfying the requirements of this Section 17.

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18.    Entire Agreement; Amendment. This Award Agreement supersedes any and all existing agreements between the Participant, AB and AB Holding relating to the Award. It may not be amended except by a written agreement signed by all parties.

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.

By:    /s/ James A. Gingrich    

James A. Gingrich

Chief Operating Officer

The Participant hereby acknowledges and accepts the terms and conditions set forth in this Award Agreement, including AB’s remedies if the Participant fails to comply with the agreements and covenants set forth in Sections 4 and 5 of this Award Agreement, and the forfeiture of unvested Deferred Cash and Restricted Units for failure to consider certain risks as described in Section 6 of this Award Agreement. To accept the terms of this Award Agreement, please click the “Accept” button below:

ACCEPT

DECLINE

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SCHEDULE A

TO

AWARD AGREEMENT

1.    $___________ 2016 Award

2. $___________2016 Deferred Cash Award (may not exceed the lesser of $250,000 and 50% of the Award; provided, however, if the Participant is based outside of the United States, is treated as a local hire rather than as an expatriate and received an Award of $100,000 or less, the Deferred Cash Award may be up to 100% of the Award)

3. ____________ Restricted Units have been awarded pursuant to this Award Agreement.

4. The per AB Holding Unit price used to determine the number of Restricted Units awarded hereunder is $23.20 per AB Holding Unit, which is the closing price of an AB Holding Unit as published for composite transactions on the New York Stock Exchange on December 9, 2016.

5. Restrictions lapse with respect to the AB Holding Units in accordance with the following schedule:

Percentage of Awarded AB Holding Units Vested and Delivered on the

DateDate Indicated

December 1, 2017          25.0%

December 1, 2018          50.0%

December 1, 2019          75.0%

December 1, 2020          100.0%

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SCHEDULE A

TO

AWARD AGREEMENT

FOR AB SALES PROFESSIONALS

1.    $___________ 2016 Award*

2. $___________2016 Deferred Cash Award (may not exceed the lesser of $250,000 and 50% of the Award; provided, however, if the Participant is based outside of the United States, is treated as a local hire rather than as an expatriate and received an Award of $100,000 or less, the Deferred Cash Award may be up to 100% of the Award)*

3. ____________ Restricted Units have been awarded pursuant to this Award Agreement.*

4. The per AB Holding Unit price used to determine the number of Restricted Units awarded hereunder is $23.20 per AB Holding Unit, which is the closing price of an AB Holding Unit as published for composite transactions on the New York Stock Exchange on December 9, 2016.

5. Restrictions lapse with respect to the AB Holding Units in accordance with the following schedule:

Percentage of Awarded AB Holding Units Vested and Delivered¹ in the

DateDate Indicated

December 1, 2017          25.0%

December 1, 2018          50.0%

December 1, 2019          75.0%

December 1, 2020          100.0%

* The amount of the 2016 Award, 2016 Deferred Cash Award and the number of Restricted Units awarded pursuant to this Award Agreement are based on an estimate of Total Variable Compensation (“TVC”). The final amounts will be calculated once TVC is finalized in early 2017 and, if the final amounts differ from the estimates stated above, the 2016 Award amount, the amount of the Deferred Cash Award and the number of Restricted Units awarded pursuant to this Agreement will be adjusted accordingly.

¹ Assuming the Participant has not elected to voluntarily defer receipt of AB Holding Units.        

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EX-10.05

2010 LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN, AS AMENDED

AWARD AGREEMENT

AWARD AGREEMENT, dated as of May 19, 2016, among AllianceBernstein L.P. (“AB”), AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding”) and DIRECTOR (“Participant”), a member of the Board of Directors of AllianceBernstein Corporation (“Board”), the general partner of AB and AB Holding.

WHEREAS, the Board, pursuant to AB’s 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended (“Plan”), a copy of which has been delivered to the Participant, has granted to the Participant an award (“Award”), based on an election by the Participant, that consists of either (1) an option (“Option”) to purchase the number of units representing assignments of beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests in AB Holding (“Units”) where the Option has a value of $150,000 calculated in accordance with Black-Scholes methodology, (2) the number of Units having an aggregate fair value of $150,000 based on the closing price of a Unit on May 19, 2016 as reported for New York Stock Exchange composite transactions (“May 19 Closing Price”), which Units are subject to certain restrictions described herein (“Restricted Units”), or (3)(a) an Option to purchase the number of Units where the Option has a value of $75,000 calculated in accordance with Black-Scholes methodology and (b) the number of Restricted Units having an aggregate fair value of $75,000 based on the May 19 Closing Price; and

WHEREAS, the form by which the Participant made such election is attached hereto as Schedule A; and

WHEREAS, the Board has authorized the execution and delivery of this Award Agreement;

NOW, THEREFORE, in accordance with the grant of the Award, and as a condition thereto, AB, AB Holding and the Participant agree as follows:

1.    Grant. Subject to and under the terms and conditions set forth in this Award Agreement and the Plan, the Board hereby awards the Participant:

(a) an Option to purchase from AB the number of Units set forth in Section 1 of Schedule B, at the per Unit price set forth in Section 2 of Schedule B, subject to the vesting schedule set forth in Section 3 of Schedule B; and/or

(b) the number of Restricted Units set forth in Section 4 of Schedule B, subject to the vesting schedule set forth in Section 5 of Schedule B.

2.    Term and Vesting Schedule. (a) Subject to Section 4(a) below, the Option shall not be exercisable to any extent prior to May 19, 2017 or after May 19, 2026 (“Expiration Date”).

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Subject to the terms and conditions of this Award Agreement and the Plan, the Participant shall be entitled to exercise the Option prior to the Expiration Date and to purchase Units pursuant to the Option in accordance with the schedule set forth in Section 3 of Schedule B.

The right to exercise the Option shall be cumulative so that to the extent the Option is not exercised when it becomes initially exercisable with respect to any Units, it shall be exercisable with respect to such Units at any time thereafter until the Expiration Date. Any Units subject to the Option that have not been purchased on or before the Expiration Date may not, thereafter, be purchased hereunder. A Unit shall be considered to have been purchased on or before the Expiration Date if AB has been given notice of the purchase and AB has actually received payment therefor pursuant to Sections 3(a) and 14, on or before the Expiration Date.

(b) The Restricted Units shall vest in accordance with the schedule set forth in Section 5 of Schedule B and shall be distributed to the Participant promptly after vesting.

3.    Notice of Exercise, Payment, Certificate and Account. (a) Exercise of the Option, in whole or in part, shall be by delivery of a written notice to AB and AB Holding pursuant to Section 14, which specifies the number of Units being purchased and is accompanied by payment therefor in cash. The Participant may pay AB as many as three business days subsequent to the exercise date through a financial intermediary designated by the Board. Promptly after receipt of such notice and purchase price, AB shall cause AB’s transfer agent (“Transfer Agent”), currently Computershare Shareowner Services LLC, to deliver the number of Units purchased. Units to be issued upon the exercise of the Option may be authorized and unissued Units or Units that have been reacquired by AB, a subsidiary of AB, AB Holding or a subsidiary of AB Holding.

(b) AB shall establish an uncertificated account (“Account”) with the Transfer Agent representing the Restricted Units within a reasonable time after the Participant’s execution and delivery of this Award Agreement. AB shall deliver to the Participant a certificate representing Units that have vested pursuant to this Award Agreement within a reasonable time after such Units vest. The Transfer Agent will adjust the Account to reflect the number of Units covered by each such certificate and will reduce the Account to the extent that any unvested Restricted Units are forfeited pursuant to the terms of this Award Agreement.

4.    Termination. (a) The Option may be exercised by the Participant and the Restricted Units may be distributed to the Participant only while the Participant serves on the Board; provided, however, that upon termination of the Participant's service by reason of the Participant's voluntary mid-term resignation, declining to stand for re-election (whether as a result of the general partner’s mandatory retirement program or otherwise), becoming an employee of AB or a subsidiary thereof, or because the Participant incurs a Disability, the outstanding portion of the Option held by the Participant on the date of such termination shall continue to become exercisable as specified in Section 3 of Schedule B and shall expire on the earlier of the Expiration Date and the date that is five years from the date of such termination, and the outstanding Restricted Units held by the Participant on the date of such termination shall be distributed to the Participant promptly after the date of such termination. In the event of the death of the Participant (whether before or after termination of service), the outstanding portion of the Option held by the Participant (and not

2

previously canceled or expired) on the date of death shall be fully exercisable by the Participant's legal representative within one year of the date of death (without regard to Section 3 of Schedule B, but not later than the Expiration Date), and the outstanding Restricted Units held by the Participant on the date of death shall be distributed to the Participant’s beneficiary (or the Participant’s estate, if the Participant has not designated a beneficiary) promptly after such date. “Disability” means the Participant’s inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, as determined by the carrier of the long-term disability insurance program maintained by AB or its affiliate that covers the Participant, if any, or such other person or entity designated by AB in its sole discretion. In order to assist in the process described in this paragraph, the Participant shall, as reasonably requested by AB or its designee, (i) be available for medical examinations by one or more physicians chosen by the long-term disability insurance provider or AB and approved by the Participant, whose approval shall not unreasonably be withheld, and (ii) grant the long-term disability insurance provider, AB and any such physicians access to all relevant medical information concerning the Participant, arrange to furnish copies of medical records to them, and use best efforts to cause the Participant’s own physicians to be available to discuss the Participant’s health with them.

(b) The Participant shall immediately forfeit the vested and unvested portions of both the Option and the Restricted Units awarded under this Award Agreement if the Participant’s service as a Director is terminated for Cause. “Cause” shall mean the Participant’s (1) continuing willful failure to perform the Participant’s duties as a Director (other than as a result of the Participant’s total or partial incapacity due to physical or mental illness), (2) gross negligence or malfeasance in the performance of the Participant’s duties, (3) a finding by a court or other governmental body with proper jurisdiction that an act or acts by the Participant constitutes (A) a felony under the laws of the United States or any state thereof, or (B) a violation of federal or state securities law, by reason of which finding the Board determines in good faith that the continued service of the Participant would be seriously detrimental to AB and its business, (4) in the absence of such a finding by a court or other governmental body with proper jurisdiction, such a determination in good faith by the Board by reason of such act or acts constituting such a felony, serious crime or violation, or (5) any breach by the Participant of any obligation of confidentiality, non-competition, or non-solicitation to AB.

5.    No Right to Continued Directorship. The granting of the Award shall not confer upon the Participant any right to continue to be retained as a Director, and shall not interfere in any way with the right of AB to terminate the service of the Participant at any time for any reason.

6.    Non-Transferability. (a) The Option is not transferable other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution and, except as otherwise provided in Section 4, during the lifetime of the Participant this Option is exercisable only by the Participant; except that a Participant may transfer this Option, without consideration, subject to such rules as the Board may adopt to preserve the purposes of the Plan (including limiting such transfers to transfers by Participants who are Director Participants or senior executives), to a trust solely for the benefit of the Participant and the Participant's spouse, children or grandchildren (including adopted and stepchildren and grandchildren).

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(b) Except as otherwise provided in this Award Agreement, the Participant may not sell, assign, transfer, pledge or otherwise dispose of or encumber any of the Units subject to the Option or any of the Restricted Units, or any interest therein, until the Participant’s rights in such Units vest in accordance with this Award Agreement. Any purported sale, assignment, transfer, pledge or other disposition or encumbrance in violation of this Award Agreement will be void and of no effect.

7.    Payment of Withholding Tax. (a) In the event that AB or AB Holding determines that any federal, state or local tax or any other charge is required by law to be withheld with respect to the exercise of the Option or the grant of the Restricted Units, the Participant shall, either directly or through a financial intermediary, promptly pay to AB, a subsidiary specified by AB, AB Holding or a subsidiary specified by AB Holding, on four business days’ notice, an amount equal to such withholding tax or charge, or (b) if the Participant does not promptly so pay the entire amount of such withholding tax or charge in accordance with such notice, or make arrangements satisfactory to AB and AB Holding regarding payment thereof, AB, any subsidiary of AB, AB Holding or any subsidiary of AB Holding may withhold the remaining amount thereof from any amount due the Participant from AB, its subsidiary, AB Holding or its subsidiary.

8.    Dilution and Other Adjustments. The existence of the Award shall not impair the right of AB, AB Holding or their respective partners to, among other things, conduct, make or effect any change in AB’s or AB Holding’s business, any distribution (whether in the form of cash, limited partnership interests, other securities, or other property), recapitalization (including, without limitation, any subdivision or combination of limited partnership interests), reorganization, consolidation, combination, repurchase or exchange of limited partnership interests or other securities of AB or AB Holding, issuance of warrants or other rights to purchase limited partnership interests or other securities of AB or AB Holding, or any incorporation of AB or AB Holding. In the event of such a change in the partnership interests of AB or AB Holding, the Board shall make such adjustments to the Award, including the purchase price of the Option specified in Section 2 of Schedule B, as it deems appropriate and equitable. In the event of incorporation of AB or AB Holding, the Board shall make such arrangements as it deems appropriate and equitable with respect to the Award for the Participant to purchase stock in the resulting corporation in place of the Units subject to the Option and the Restricted Units. Any such adjustment or arrangement may provide for the elimination of any fractional Unit or shares of stock that might otherwise become subject to the Option. Any decision by the Board under this Section shall be final and binding upon the Participant.

9.    Rights as an Owner of a Unit. (a) The Participant (or a transferee of the Option pursuant to Sections 4 and 6 hereof) shall have no rights as an owner of a Unit with respect to any Unit covered by the Option until he or she becomes the holder of record of such Unit, which shall be deemed to occur at the time that notice of purchase is given and payment in full is received by AB and AB Holding under Sections 3(a) and 14 of this Award Agreement. By such actions, the Participant (or such transferee) shall be deemed to have consented to, and agreed to be bound by, all other terms, conditions, rights and obligations set forth in the then current Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB Holding and the then current Amended and Restated

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Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB (“Partnership Agreement”). Except as provided in Section 8 hereof, no adjustment shall be made with respect to any Unit for any distribution for which the record date is prior to the date on which the Participant becomes the holder of record of the Unit, regardless of whether the distribution is ordinary or extraordinary, in cash, securities or other property, or of any other rights.

(b) Except as provided in the Partnership Agreement, as of the date of this Award Agreement, the Participant shall have all of the rights under the Partnership Agreement that a Unitholder would have with respect to the Restricted Units awarded to the Participant hereunder (including, without limitation, the right to receive quarterly distributions payable with respect to such Units on or after that date).

10.    Administrator. The Board shall be the Administrator.

11.    Governing Law. This Award Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York.

12.    Entire Agreement; Amendment. This Award Agreement supersedes any and all existing agreements between the Participant, AB and AB Holding relating to the Option and Restricted Unit awards. It may not be amended except by a written agreement signed by both parties.

13.    Interpretation. The Participant accepts this Award subject to all the terms and provisions of the Plan, which shall control in the event of any conflict between any provision of the Plan and this Award Agreement, and accepts as binding, conclusive and final all decisions or interpretations of the Board upon any questions arising under the Plan and/or this Award Agreement.

14.    Notices. Any notice under this Award Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when delivered personally or when deposited in the United States mail, registered, postage prepaid, and addressed, in the case of AB and AB Holding, to the Corporate Secretary or an Assistant Secretary at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105, or if AB should move its principal office, to such principal office, and, in the case of the Participant, to the Participant’s last permanent address as shown on AB's records, subject to the right of either party to designate some other address at any time hereafter in a notice satisfying the requirements of this Section.

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15.    Sections and Headings. All section references in this Award Agreement are to sections hereof for convenience of reference only and are not to affect the meaning of any provision of this Award Agreement.

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.

By:    /s/ James A. Gingrich        

James A. Gingrich

Chief Operating Officer

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.

By:    /s/ James A. Gingrich        

James A. Gingrich

Chief Operating Officer

DIRECTOR

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SCHEDULE A

AllianceBernstein 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan, As Amended

2016 Equity Compensation Election Form

ELECTION FORM, dated as of January 29, 2016, among AllianceBernstein L.P. (“Partnership”), AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AllianceBernstein Holding”) and the undersigned (“Participant”), a member of the Board of Directors of AllianceBernstein Corporation (“Board”), the general partner of the Partnership and Holding.

WHEREAS,the Board, at its meeting held on July 29, 2015, adjusted the compensation of the Independent Directors so that, for the Partnership’s 2016 and 2017 fiscal years, each Independent Director shall receive an annual fee of $75,000, payable quarterly in arrears, which amount, for the Partnership’s 2018 and 2019 fiscal years, shall increase to $85,000, payable quarterly in arrears, and that, for the 2016 and 2017 fiscal years, the Board shall grant to each Independent Director pursuant to the Partnership’s 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended, or any successor equity compensation plan, an equity award equivalent to $150,000 (“Total Equity Award Amount”), which amount shall increase to $170,000 for the 2018 and 2019 fiscal years, consisting of (1) an option to purchase the number of AllianceBernstein Holding units where the option has a value equal to the Total Equity Award Amount calculated in accordance with Black-Scholes methodology, or (2) the number of AllianceBernstein Holding units having an aggregate fair value equal to the Total Equity Award Amount based on the closing price of an AllianceBernstein Holding unit on the date of grant as reported for New York Stock Exchange composite transactions or (3)(a) an option to purchase the number of AllianceBernstein Holding units where the option has a value equal to half the Total Equity Award Amount calculated in accordance with Black-Scholes methodology and (b) the number of AllianceBernstein Holding units having an aggregate fair value equal to half the Total Equity Award Amount based on the closing price of an AllianceBernstein Holding unit on the date of grant as reported for New York Stock Exchange composite transactions; provided that the AllianceBernstein Holding units referred to in in clauses (2) and (3)(b) shall be subject to such restrictions on transfer as the Board may impose;

NOW, THEREFORE, I hereby elect to receive my 2016 equity compensation award, pursuant to the AllianceBernstein 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended, in the following form:

o an option to purchase the number of AllianceBernstein Holding units where the option has a value of $150,000 calculated in accordance with Black-Scholes methodology;

o the number of AllianceBernstein Holding units having a value of $150,000 based on the closing price of AllianceBernstein Holding units on the date of grant as reported for New York Stock Exchange composite transactions; or

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o an equity award consisting of (a) an option to purchase the number of AllianceBernstein Holding units where the option has a value of $75,000 calculated in accordance with Black-Scholes methodology, and (b) the number of AllianceBernstein Holding units having a value of $75,000 based on the closing price of AllianceBernstein Holding units on the date of grant as reported for New York Stock Exchange composite transactions.

By:    

Name:    DIRECTOR                

Date:    

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SCHEDULE B

1. The number of Units that the Participant is entitled to purchase pursuant to the Option granted under this Award Agreement is ______.

2. The per Unit price to purchase Units pursuant to the Option granted under this Award Agreement is $22.64 per Unit.

3. Percentage of Units With Respect to

Which the Option First Becomes

Exercisable on the Date Indicated

1. May 19, 2017     33.3%

2. May 19, 2018     66.6%

3. May 19, 2019        100.0%

*    *    *

4. ______ Restricted Units have been awarded pursuant to this Award Agreement.

5. Restrictions lapse with respect to the Units in accordance with the following schedule:

Percentage of Units

Vested on the

DateDate Indicated

May 19, 2019     100.0%

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EX-10.06

EXHIBIT A

AMENDMENT TO THE

PROFIT SHARING PLAN FOR

EMPLOYEES OF ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.

WHEREAS, AllianceBernstein L.P. (the “Company”) maintains the Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of AllianceBernstein L.P., amended and restated as of January 1, 2015 (the “Plan”);

WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 16.01 of the Plan, the Company, by action of the Board of Directors of the general partner of the Company responsible for the management of the Company’s business, or a committee thereof designated by such Board, may amend the Plan, subject to certain restrictions in the Plan; and

WHEREAS, the Company desires to amend the Plan, effective January 1, 2017, to increase the initial automatic enrollment percentage from 3% to 6% and increase the annual automatic escalation of defaulted deferral elections from 1% each year up to a maximum of 7% to 2% each year up to a maximum of 10%.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Plan is hereby amended, effective January 1, 2017, as follows:

1.Section 1.28 of the Plan is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows:

Section 1.28.    “Initial Automatic Enrollment Percentage” means the percentage of a Member’s Salary Reduction Compensation as defined in Section 5.01(c) that is contributed to his Member Salary Deferral Account where a Member fails to make an affirmative election of a Member Salary Deferral percentage. Prior to January 1, 2017, the Initial Automatic Enrollment Percentage shall be three percent (3%). On or after January 1, 2017, the Initial Automatic Enrollment Percentage shall be six percent (6%).

2.Section 5.01(b)(3) of the Plan is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows:

(3)    Effective on and after January 1, 2017, unless and until a Member makes an affirmative election otherwise, such a Member’s deemed election shall automatically be increased by two percent (2%) each January 1 to a maximum of ten percent (10%) of Salary Reduction Compensation and effective on and after January 1, 2011,

and before January 1, 2017, unless or until a Member makes an affirmative election otherwise, such a Member’s deemed election shall automatically be increased by one percent (1%) each January 1 to a maximum of seven percent (7%) and effective on and after January 1, 2009 and before January 1 2011, unless or until a Member makes an affirmative election otherwise, such a Member’s deemed election shall automatically be increased by one percent (1%) each January 1 to a maximum of five percent (5%) of Salary Reduction Compensation; provided, however, that if a Member’s Employment Commencement Date occurs on or after July 1 of a Plan Year, such automatic increase shall not apply in the following Plan Year. No deemed election nor automatic increase described in this Section 5.01(b) shall result in the Member’s salary deferral exceeding the deferral limitation set forth in Section 5.01(a) above without respect to Catch-up Contributions under Section 5.07. The Investment Committee or the Administrative Committee may establish and adopt written rules, regulations and/or administrative guidelines designed to facilitate the administration and operation of the provisions of this paragraph, as it may deem necessary or proper, in its sole discretion.

[SIGNATURE PAGE TO FOLLOW]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned who is duly authorized has executed this amendment as of October 20, 2016.

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.

By:    /s/ John C. Weisenseel    

John C. Weisenseel

Chief Financial Officer

ablegal - 3173892 v1

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EX-10.07

SUMMARY OF ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.’S LEASE AT

1345 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NEW YORK

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Parties and Documents1

Demised Premises4

Monthly Fixed Rent7

Electricity12

Tax Escalation15

Expense Escalation17

Cleaning19

Maintenance and Repairs22

Alterations23

Miscellaneous Matters Relating to Improvements24

SNDA & Estoppel26

Insurance and Liability27

Use28

Term29

Services30

Casualty/Condemnation34

Assignment/Subletting35

Rights to Additional Space37

Default and Landlord Remedies39

Access40

Notices41

PARTIES

Landlord:1345 Leasehold LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Landlord”)    

Tenant: AllianceBernstein L.P. (formerly known as Alliance Capital Management L.P.), a Delaware limited partnership (“Alliance”)

DOCUMENTS

Agreement of Lease dated July 3, 1985 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company and Hawaiian Sixth Avenue Corp. as landlord, and Alliance Capital Management Corporation, as tenant (“orig.”)

Supplemental Agreement dated September 30, 1985 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company and Hawaiian Sixth Avenue Corp. as landlord, and Alliance Capital Management Corporation, as tenant (“Sup1”)

Second Supplemental Agreement dated December 31, 1985 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company and Hawaiian Sixth Avenue Corp. as landlord, and Alliance Capital Management Corporation, as tenant

Third Supplemental Agreement dated July 29, 1987 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company and Hawaiian Sixth Ave. Corp. as landlord, and Alliance Capital Management Corporation, as tenant

Fourth Supplemental Agreement dated February, 1989 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company and Hawaiian Sixth Ave. Corp. as landlord, and Alliance, as tenant (“Sup4”)

Fifth Supplemental Agreement dated October 9, 1989 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company and Hawaiian Sixth Ave. Corp. as landlord, and Alliance, as tenant (“Sup5”)

Sixth Supplemental Agreement dated December 13, 1991 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company and Hawaiian Sixth Ave. Corp. as landlord, and Alliance, as tenant (“Sup6”)

Seventh Supplemental Agreement dated May 27, 1993 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company and Hawaiian Sixth Ave. Corp. as landlord, and Alliance, as tenant (“Sup7”)

Eighth Supplemental Agreement dated June 1, 1994 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company and Hawaiian Sixth Ave. Corp. as landlord, and Alliance, as tenant (“Sup8”)

Ninth Supplemental Agreement dated August 16, 1994 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company and Hawaiian Sixth Ave. Corp. as landlord, and Alliance, as tenant (“Sup9”)    

Tenth Supplemental Agreement dated December 31, 1994 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company and Hawaiian Sixth Ave. Corp. as landlord, and Alliance, as tenant (“Sup10”)

Eleventh Supplemental Agreement dated April 30, 1995 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company and Hawaiian Sixth Ave. Corp. as landlord, and Alliance, as tenant (“Sup11”)

Letter Agreement dated December 21, 1995 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company and Hawaiian Sixth Ave. Corp., Carter-Wallace, Inc., Arnhold and S. Bleichroeder, Inc. and Alliance (“LTR1”)

Letter Agreement dated December 21, 1995 among The Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company, Hawaiian Sixth Ave. Corp. and Alliance

Twelfth Supplemental Agreement dated September 9, 1998 between 1345 Leasehold Limited Partnership and Alliance (“Sup12”)

Letter Agreement dated October 7, 1998 between 1345 Leasehold Limited Partnership and Alliance

Thirteenth Supplemental Agreement dated March 15, 1999 between 1345 Leasehold Limited Partnership and Alliance (“Sup13”)

Fourteenth Supplemental Agreement dated February 8, 2000 between 1345 Leasehold Limited Partnership and Alliance (“Sup14”)

Fifteenth Supplemental Agreement dated August 3, 2000 between 1345 Leasehold Limited Partnership and Alliance (“Sup15”)

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Letter dated September 7, 2000 from Alliance to Landlord (“LTR2”)

Sixteenth Supplemental Agreement dated August 31, 2001 between 1345 Leasehold Limited Partnership and Alliance (“Sup16”)

Seventeenth Supplemental Agreement dated October 31, 2001 between 1345 Leasehold Limited Partnership and Alliance (“Sup17”)

Eighteenth Supplemental Agreement dated February 15, 2002 between 1345 Leasehold Limited Partnership and Alliance (“Sup18”)

Nineteenth Supplemental Agreement dated December 4, 2002 between 1345 Leasehold Limited Partnership and Alliance (“Sup19”)

Twentieth Supplemental Agreement dated December 4, 2002 between 1345 Leasehold Limited Partnership and Alliance (“Sup20”)

Letter Agreement dated December 4, 2002 between Alliance and Hearst Communications, Inc. (“LTR3”)

Twenty-first Supplemental Agreement dated December 22, 2003 between Landlord and Alliance (“Sup21”)

Twenty-second Supplemental Agreement dated October 31, 2004 between Landlord and Alliance (“Sup22”)

Twenty-third Supplemental Agreement dated June 30, 2007 between Landlord and Alliance (“Sup23”)

Twenty-fourth Supplemental Agreement dated July 31, 2007 between Landlord and Alliance (“Sup24”)

Twenty-fifth Supplemental Agreement dated July 31, 2007 between Landlord and Alliance (“Sup25”)

Twenty-sixth Supplemental Agreement dated July 31, 2007 between Landlord and Alliance (“Sup26”)

Twenty-seventh Supplemental Agreement dated August 30, 2008 between Landlord and Alliance (“Sup27”)

Twenty-eighth Supplemental Agreement dated May 2, 2014 between Landlord and Alliance (“Sup28”)

Cleaning Agreements

Cleaning Agreement (“CAO”) dated August 16, 1994 between 1345 Cleaning Service Co. (“Original Cleaning Contractor”) and Alliance regarding the office space

First Amendment to Cleaning Agreement (“CAO-1”) dated December 31, 1994 between Original Cleaning Contractor and Alliance

Second Amendment to Cleaning Agreement (“CAO-2”) dated April 30, 1995 between Original Cleaning Contractor and Alliance

Third Amendment to Cleaning Agreement (“CAO-3”) dated September 9, 1998 between Original Cleaning Contractor and Alliance

Fourth Amendment to Cleaning Agreement (“CAO-4”) dated February 8, 2000 between Original Cleaning Contractor and Alliance

Fifth Amendment to Cleaning Agreement (“CAO-5”) dated August 3, 2000 between Original Cleaning Contractor and Alliance

Sixth Amendment to Cleaning Agreement (“CAO-6”) dated August 31, 2001 between Original Cleaning Contractor and Alliance

Seventh Amendment to Cleaning Agreement (“CAO-7”) dated October 31, 2001 between Original Cleaning Contractor and Alliance

Eighth Amendment to Cleaning Agreement (“CAO-8”) dated February 15, 2002 between Original Cleaning Contractor and Alliance

Ninth Amendment to Cleaning Agreement (“CAO-9”) dated October 31, 2004 between Original Cleaning Contractor and Alliance

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Tenth Amendment to Cleaning Agreement (“CAO-10”) dated July 31, 2007 between 1345 Cleaning Service Company II, L.P. (“Cleaning Contractor”) and Alliance

Eleventh Amendment to Cleaning Agreement (“CAO-11”) dated July 31, 2007 between Cleaning Contractor and Alliance

Twelfth Amendment to Cleaning Agreement (“CAO-12”) dated July 31, 2007 between Cleaning Contractor and Alliance

Cleaning Agreement (“CAG”) dated as of March 15, 1999 between Original Cleaning Contractor and Alliance regarding the ground floor space

SNDAs

Subordination, Non-Disturbance and Attornment Agreement (Ground Lease) dated August 3, 2000 between 1345 Fee Limited Partnership, as owner, and Alliance, as tenant (“SNDA-G”)

Subordination, Nondisturbance and Attornment Agreement dated July 6, 2005 between Alliance, Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Inc. and UBS Rea Estate Investments Inc. (“SNDA-M”)

First Amendment to Subordination, Nondisturbance and Attornment Agreement dated July 6, 2005 between Alliance and LaSalle Bank National Association, as Trustee

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DEMISED PREMISES

Floor (entire floor unless otherwise noted)	Delivery Date
Concourse (part) (Sup15 §23(a), Sup17 §13, Sup23 §2a)	Delivered.
Ground Floor (part) **	The Ground Floor (part) formerly leased to Alliance has been surrendered and deleted from the demised premises. Landlord has leased the Ground Floor (part) to Wachovia Bank, National Association (“Wachovia”) pursuant to the Agreement of Lease dated December 22, 2003 (the “Wachovia Lease”), for a term coterminous with Alliance's lease which Wachovia may extend pursuant to its three 5-year extension options. If the term of the Wachovia Lease expires or terminates prior to the expiration or termination of Alliance’s lease, then, on the day after said termination, the Ground Floor (part) will be added back to the demised premises on substantially the same terms (including the rent terms) as were in effect prior to its surrender and deletion from the demised premises (Sup21 §3). For more information regarding the terms of the surrender of Ground Floor part, see below.
2, 8, 9, 11 through 14 (Sup15 §2(a); Ltr2; Sup16 §11)	Delivered.
10 (Sup19 §3(a)) ***	Delivered.
15 (Sup12 §2(a))	Delivered.
16 (Sup12 §2(b))	Delivered.
17 (Sup16 §2(b); Sup17 §2(b); Sup18 §2(b); Sup22 §2(b))	Delivered.
31 (part) (Sup7 §2(c))	Delivered.
31 (part) (Sup24 §2(a))	Delivered.
32 (Sup6 §2)	Delivered.
33 (Sup7 §2(a))	Delivered.
34 (NW Cor. 94) (Sup8 §2(a))	Delivered.
34 (NW Cor. 95) (Sup8 §1(c))	Delivered.
34 (balance) (Sup7 §2(b))	Delivered.
35 (Sup14 §2(a))	Delivered.
36 (Sup14 §2(b))	Delivered.
37 (NE Cor.) (orig. intro.)	Delivered.
37 (NW Cor.) (orig. §46.01)	Delivered.
37 (SE Cor.) (Sup1 §2)	Delivered.
37 (SW Cor.) (Sup5 §2)	Delivered.

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38 (orig. intro.)	Delivered.
39 (Sup4 §2)	Delivered.
40 and 41 (Sup9 §3(a); LTR1 par 2)	Delivered.
42 (Sup25 §2(a))	Delivered.
43 and 44 (Sup26 §2(a))	Delivered.

^**Ground Floor (part):

For a summary of the payments Alliance makes in lieu of rent and the credits Alliance receives in respect of the Ground Floor (part), see Monthly Fixed Rent, Tax Escalation and Expense Escalation. Other terms of the surrender and deletion of Ground Floor (part) from the demised premises are summarized below.

• Enforcement: Landlord will make reasonable efforts to enforce the Wachovia Lease (including the rent obligations). If Wachovia defaults under the Wachovia Lease, then Alliance may, at its option, participate in any action Landlord takes in respect of said default. If Landlord does not take any action, then Alliance may, at its option, (1) cause the Landlord to assign its right to proceed against Wachovia, in which case Alliance may then proceed directly against Wachovia provided that Alliance indemnifies Landlord from any loss arising from such action, or (2) require the Landlord to proceed against Wachovia in which case Alliance will reimburse Landlord within 30 days after demand for any reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Landlord in respect of enforcing the Wachovia Lease (Sup21 §4(f)).

• Amendments, Terminations, Extensions and Consents: Landlord is prohibited from amending the Wachovia Lease or waiving any provision thereof without first obtaining Alliance’s consent. Alliance must be reasonable in respect of consenting to any amendment that would not have an economic or adverse impact on Alliance and Alliance’s failure to respond to a request for such a consent within 5 business days of receipt is deemed consent. Landlord is prohibited from terminating the term of the Wachovia Lease except in the event of a default thereunder or extending the term of the Wachovia Lease except pursuant to the express provisions thereof without first obtaining Alliance's consent (Sup21 §5(a)). Landlord is prohibited from granting its consent to any matter contemplated by the Wachovia Lease (e.g., subleases and alterations) without first obtaining Alliance’s consent. Alliance's rights in respect of Wachovia signage is summarized in more detail below. Alliance is required to be reasonable in granting its consent to any such matter if Landlord is obligated to be reasonable under the Wachovia Lease. Alliance is required to respond in the same time period as Landlord is obligated to respond to any request for consent and Alliance will be deemed to have given its consent if it fails to respond (Sup21 §5(c); LTR3 §3).

• Signage: Wachovia is prohibited from displaying signage on the window, doors or the exterior of the perimeter walls of its demised premises unless Wachovia obtains the prior written reasonable consent of the Landlord and said signage is in conformity with the building standard sign program (Wachovia Lease §46.2(e)). However, Wachovia has the right to install signage on the interior and exterior of the demised premises that conforms with Wachovia's standard national or NYC signage program provided that said signage pertains primarily to general retail banking, safe deposits or electronic banking and not to certain permitted ancillary uses (e.g. brokerage, insurance, investment services). Nevertheless, Wachovia has the right to display temporary signage which describes said ancillary uses in certain designated areas provided that Wachovia is obligated to remove said signage if either Landlord or Alliance reasonably believes that said temporary signage is not in keeping with the quality or character of the building. The size and location of signage on or visible from the exterior of the Ground Floor (part) is subject to the reasonable approval and Landlord and Alliance. Wachovia also has the right to display promotional banners provided the size, color and location of said banners is subject to the reasonable approval of Landlord and Alliance.

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Landlord's (and, therefore, Alliance's) failure to respond within 15 business days to any request for consent regarding signage is deemed consent (Wachovia Lease §46.3(a)).

• Assignment/Subletting Profits: Landlord and Alliance will share equally any sublease or assignment of lease profits payable to Landlord under the Wachovia Lease (Sup21 §6(a)).

• Hold Over by Wachovia: If Wachovia holds over following the termination of the Wachovia Lease term, then Landlord will promptly commence summary dispossess proceedings and will use commercially reasonable efforts to evict Wachovia. Landlord will pay to Alliance any amounts recovered from Wachovia arising from said proceedings after first deducting Landlord's actual out-of-pocket expenses, provided that if the amounts paid over by Landlord exceed the sums paid by Alliance in respect of the Ground Floor (part) for the corresponding period, then Landlord will be permitted to retain 50% of said excess (Sup21 §8).

• Reimbursement of Landlord on Account of Payments to Cushman & Wakefield, Inc.: Alliance will reimburse Landlord up to $601,854.52 in respect of any amounts paid by Landlord to Cushman & Wakefield, Inc. arising from Sup21 (Sup21 §10).

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MONTHLY FIXED RENT

Concourse (part):

Approximately 3,000 rsf:

12/01/01 through 11/30/06:    $7,000 (Sup17 §13(b)(i))
12/01/06 through 11/30/11:    $8,250 (Sup17 §13(b)(ii))
12/01/11 through 12/31/19:    $9,500 (Sup17 §13(b)(iii))

Balance of Concourse Space Leased Pursuant to Sup15:

Date the concourse space (or portion thereof) is included in the demised premises through the day before the 5^th anniversary of such inclusion date: $28 per rsf (Sup15 §23(d)).

5^th anniversary of such inclusion date through the day before the 10^th anniversary of such inclusion date: $33 per rsf (Sup15 §23(d)).

10^th anniversary of such inclusion date through 12/31/19: $38 per rsf (Sup15 §23(d)).

Concourse Space Leased Pursuant to Sup23:

Date the concourse space is included in the demised premises through the day before the 5^th anniversary of such inclusion date: $9,616.25 (Sup23 §3(a)(1)).

5^th anniversary of such inclusion date through the day before the 10^th anniversary of such inclusion date: $10,440.50 (Sup23 §3(a)(2)).

10^th anniversary of such inclusion date through 12/31/19: $11,264.75 (Sup23 §3(a)(3)).

Ground Floor (part) - Payments in Lieu of Rent and Credits:

Notwithstanding that the Ground Floor (part) has been deleted from the demised premises, Alliance is obligated to pay monthly installments equal to the fixed rent and the tax and operating expense escalation payments Alliance would have been obligated to pay had the Ground Floor (part) not been deleted from the demised premises. The rate for the payment in lieu of the fixed rent payment is described below and the payments in lieu of the tax and operating expense escalations are described in the applicable portions of this summary.

Payment in Lieu of Fixed Rent

01/16/05 through 01/15/10: $58,333.33 (Sup13 §3(a)(2))

01/16/10 through 12/31/19: $62,500.00 (Sup13 §3(a)(3); Sup20 §3(b))

Wachovia Credit

Wachovia pays monthly installments of fixed rent as follows (assuming that the lease commencement date was January 1, 2004):

06/01/07 through 05/31/10:    $107,662.50
06/01/10 through 05/31/13:    $118,428.75
06/01/13 through 05/31/16:    $130,271.58
06/01/16 through 12/30/19:    $143,298.79

Wachovia also pays a tax escalation based on a 0.483% share of the excess over a 2003/04 base year.

Each month, Landlord and Alliance apportion the fixed rent and tax escalation payments (if any) made by Wachovia that month and the portion to which Alliance is entitled is a credit against rent next payable. The apportionment is done as follows:

First, to Alliance up to the sum of the fixed rent and tax and operating expense escalation payments Alliance made for such month in respect of the Ground Floor (part);

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Second, to Alliance up to $10,408.26 a month provided that the aggregate of such installments cannot exceed $1,935,941.10);

Third, to Landlord up to $2,889.79 a month provided that the aggregate of such installments cannot exceed $537,500; and

Finally, any remainder is shared equally between Landlord and Tenant (Sup21 §4).

2^nd, 8^th,9^th,11^ththrough 14^thFloors:

09/01/04 through 08/31/09: $1,419,941.25 (Sup15 §3(a); Sup19 §26))

09/01/09 through 08/31/14: $1,532,635.00 (Sup15 §3(a); Sup19 §26)

09/01/14 through 12/31/19: $1,645,328.75 (Sup15 §3(a); Sup19 §26))

This schedule assumes that all of this space was delivered simultaneously on May 1, 2004. It was anticipated, however, that floors 8 and 9 would be delivered six months after Floors 2, 11-14 are delivered (Sup16 §11). If that occurred, the commencement and subsequent increases in fixed rent for Floors 8 and 9 occurs six months after the commencement of and subsequent increases in fixed rent for Floors 2, 11-14.

For the extended term of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2024 with respect to the premises located on Floor 8: $235,905.58 (Sup28 §2)

10th Floor:

From the termination or expiration of the Hearst Lease through 04/30/09: $203,589.75 (Sup19 §3(b)(1))

05/01/09 through 04/30/14:    $219,747.67 (Sup19 §3(b)(2))

05/01/14 through 12/31/19:    $235,905.58 (Sup19 §3(b)(3))

15^thFloor:

12/01/04 through 11/30/10: $172,851.87 (Sup12 §3(a)(1))

12/01/09 through 12/31/16: $189,313.95 (Sup12 §3(a)(1))

01/01/17 through 12/31/19: Rent for the 15th, 16th, 31st (part), 32nd-41st floors will be the product of the average of fixed annual rent per square foot as of 12/30/16 of all space leased to Alliance other than concourse/subconcourse space, multiplied by the square footage of such space (Sup15 §12(b)); Sup20 §3(a)).

16^thFloor:

05/01/05 through 04/30/09: $172,851.87 (Sup12 §3(b)(1))

05/01/10 through 12/31/16: $189,313.95 (Sup12 §3(b)(1))

01/01/17 through 12/31/19: Rent for the Ground (part), 15th, 16th, 31st (part), 32nd-41st floors will be the product of the average of fixed annual rent per square foot as of 12/30/16 of all space leased to Alliance other than concourse/subconcourse space, multiplied by the square footage of such space (Sup15 §12(b); Sup20 §3(a)).

17th Floor:

02/01/07 through 01/31/12:
$90,995.33 (Sup16 §3(a)) + $35,054.00 (Sup17 §3(a)) + $14,104.33 (Sup18 §3(a)) + $65,104.58 (Sup22 §3(a)) = $205,258.24

02/01/12 through 12/31/19:
$97,686.17 (Sup16 §3(a)) + $37,631.50 (Sup17 §3(a)) + $15,141.42 (Sup18 §3(a)) + $70,161.25 (Sup22 §3(a)) = $220,620.34

*Fixed annual rent on the portion of the 17^th floor demised under the 22^nd Supplemental Agreement is abated through July 31, 2005.

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31^stFloor (part):

7/1/94 through 10/31/09: $45,180.84 (Sup7 §3(c))

11/1/09 through 12/31/16: For the aggregate of Floors 31 (part)-34 and 37-39, $1,031,773.10 (Sup9 §4(b)). Note that by 11/1/09, Floors 31 (part)-34 and 37-39 are scheduled to have check meters and, therefore, Alliance will be charged separately for electricity for such floors instead of paying electricity charges as a “rent inclusion factor” included in fixed rent for such floors.

01/01/17 through 12/31/19: Rent for the 15th, 16th, 31st (part), 32nd-41st floors will be the product of the average of fixed annual rent per square foot as of 12/30/16 of all space leased to Alliance other than concourse/subconcourse space, multiplied by the square footage of such space (Sup15 §12(b); Sup20 §3(a)).

31^stFloor (part):

commencement through April 30, 2015: $194,794.67 (Sup24 §3(a)(1)), except that the first 5 months are abated (Sup24 §3(b)).

5/1/09 through 12/31/19: $209,616 (Sup24 §3(b)).

32^ndFloor:

05/01/94 through 10/31/09: $120,936.94 (Sup6 §3(a) and §7(b); Sup7 §7))

11/1/09 through 12/31/16: For the aggregate of Floors 31 (part)-34 and 37-39, $1,031,773.10 (Sup9 §4(b)). Note that by 11/1/09, Floors 31 (part)-34 and 37-39 are scheduled to have check meters and, therefore, Alliance will be charged separately for electricity for such floors instead of paying electricity charges as a “rent inclusion factor” included in fixed rent for such floors.

01/01/17 through 12/31/19: Rent for the Ground (part), 15th, 16th, 31st (part), 32nd-41st floors will be the product of the average of fixed annual rent per square foot as of 12/30/16 of all space leased to Alliance other than concourse/subconcourse space, multiplied by the square footage of such space (Sup15 §12(b); Sup20 §3(a)).

33^rdFloor:

1/1/94 through 10/31/09: $105,185.28 (Sup7 §3(a)(i) and §7)

(Note: Calendar 1994’s rent is deferred and will be paid in monthly installments of $11,007.76 beginning July 1, 1995 through December 1, 2004 with $7,339.00 due on January 1, 2005 (Sup7 §3(a)(ii)). (Rent for the first half of calendar 1995 is deferred and will be paid in monthly installments of $3,668.76 due on January 1, 2005 and $11,007.76 per month beginning February 1, 2005 through October 1, 2009 (Sup7 §3(a)(iii)).

11/01/09 through 12/31/16: For the aggregate of Floors 31 (part)-34 and 37-39, $1,031,773.10 (Sup9 §4(b)). Note that by 11/1/09, Floors 31 (part)-34 and 37-39 are scheduled to have check meters and, therefore, Alliance will be charged separately for electricity for such floors instead of paying electricity charges as a “rent inclusion factor” included in fixed rent for such floors.

01/01/17 through 12/31/19: Rent for the 15th, 16th, 31st (part), 32nd-41st floors will be the product of the average of fixed annual rent per square foot as of 12/30/16 of all space leased to Alliance other than concourse/subconcourse space, multiplied by the square footage of such space (Sup15 §12(b); Sup20 §3(a)).

34^thFloor:

05/01/99 through 10/31/09: $114,614.66 (Sup7 §3(b) and §7)

11/01/09 through 12/31/16: For the aggregate of Floors 31 (part)-34 and 37-39, $1,031,773.10 (Sup9 §4(b)). Note that by 11/1/09, Floors 31 (part)-34 and 37-39 are scheduled to have check meters and, therefore, Alliance will be charged separately for electricity for such floors instead of paying electricity charges as a “rent inclusion factor” included in fixed rent for such floors.

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01/01/17 through 12/31/19: Rent for the 15th, 16th, 31st (part), 32nd-41st floors will be the product of the average of fixed annual rent per square foot as of 12/30/16 of all space leased to Alliance other than concourse/subconcourse space, multiplied by the square footage of such space (Sup15 §12(b); Sup20 §3(a)).

35^thFloor:

08/01/05 through 07/31/10: $215,974.08 (Sup14 §3(a)(1))

08/01/10 through 12/31/16: $232,979.92 (Sup14 §3(a)(1))

01/01/17 through 12/31/19: Rent for the 15th, 16th, 31st (part), 32nd-41st floors will be the product of the average of fixed annual rent per square foot as of 12/30/16 of all space leased to Alliance other than concourse/subconcourse space, multiplied by the square footage of such space (Sup15 §12(b) ; Sup20 §3(a)).

36^thFloor (assuming that the space is delivered on 07/01/01, as anticipated):

08/01/05 through 07/31/10: $216,201.63 (Sup14 §3(b)(1))

08/01/10 through 12/31/16: $233,225.38 (Sup14 §3(b)(1))

01/01/17 through 12/31/19: Rent for the 15th, 16th, 31st (part), 32nd-41st floors will be the product of the average of fixed annual rent per square foot as of 12/30/16 of all space leased to Alliance other than concourse/subconcourse space, multiplied by the square footage of such space (Sup15 §12(b); Sup20 §3(a)).

37^th, 38^thand 39^thFloors:

11/01/06 through 10/31/09: $437,872.58 (Sup7 §7)

11/01/09 through 12/31/16: For the aggregate of Floors 31 (part)-34 and 37-39, $1,031,773.10 (Sup9 §4(b)). Note that by 11/1/09, Floors 31 (part)-34 and 37-39 are scheduled to have check meters and, therefore, Alliance will be charged separately for electricity for such floors instead of paying electricity charges as a “rent inclusion factor” included in fixed rent for such floors.

01/01/17 through 12/31/19: Rent for the Ground (part), 15th, 16th, 31st (part), 32nd-41st floors will be the product of the average of fixed annual rent per square foot as of 12/30/16 of all space leased to Alliance other than concourse/subconcourse space, multiplied by the square footage of such space (Sup15 §12(b)).

40^{th and}41^sFloors:

Through 11/30/16: $422,395.67 (Sup11 §2(c)(i); LTR1)

01/01/17 through 12/31/19: Rent for the 15th, 16th, 31st (part), 32nd-41st floors will be the product of the average of fixed annual rent per square foot as of 12/30/16 of all space leased to Alliance other than concourse/subconcourse space, multiplied by the square footage of such space (Sup15 §12(b); Sup20 §3(a)).

42^nd Floor

Through 4/30/11: $214,170.05 (Sup25 §3(a)(i)).

5/1/11 through 9/30/11: Abated (Sup25 §3(b)).

10/1/11 through 4/30/16: $337,624.00 (Sup25 §3(a)(ii)).

5/1/16 through 12/31/19: $362,242.41 (Sup25 §3(a)(iii)).

Note that by 5/1/11, Floor 42 is scheduled to have check meters and, therefore, Alliance will be charged separately for electricity for Floor 42 instead of paying electricity charges as a “rent inclusion factor” included in fixed rent for Floor 42.

43^rd and 44^th Floors

commencement through 4/30/12: $670,920.00 (Sup26 §3(a)(i)), except that the first 131 days are abated (Sup26 §3(b))

5/1/12 through 4/30/17: $740,807.50 (Sup26 §3(a)(ii))

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5/1/17 through 12/31/19: $810,695 (Sup26 §3(a)(iii))

28th Supplemental Agreement

Fixed Rent is increased by $6,463.17 per month from May 2, 2014 through December 31, 2024.

11

ELECTRICITY

Check Meters:	All floors have check meters except for Floors 31 (part), 32-34, and 37-39, which will have check meters on or before November 1, 2009 (Sup9 §5) and Floor 42, which will have check meters on or before May 1, 2011 (Sup25 §4(c)(i)). The check meters measure electricity demand and consumption for each floor during a calendar month. Alliance pays Landlord, within 30 days after receipt of a bill, Landlord’s cost of the electricity consumed based on the applicable rate charged to the Landlord by the supplying utility, plus a 2% administrative fee (Sup9 §5(b) and (c); Sup12 §4(b) and (c); Sup14 §4(b) and (c); Sup15 §4(b) and (c); Sup22 §4(b); Sup24 §4(b); Sup25 §4(c); Sup26 §4(b)). Landlord will provide check meters for any portion of the Concourse (part) space measuring at least 3,000 contiguous rsf (Sup15 §23(f)(i)). If the check meters for Floors 31 (part), 32-34, and 37-39 are not installed by November 1, 2009, then Alliance will pay Landlord what Landlord’s electrical consultant determines to be Landlord’s cost for such electricity, provided that Alliance may dispute such determination in accordance with a specified procedure.
Dispute:	Each bill is binding on Alliance unless Alliance disputes such bill within 90 days of receipt. In case of a dispute, Alliance’s electrical consultant will submit its determination within such 90 day period and Landlord and Alliance will seek a resolution. Upon Alliance’s request, Landlord will make available its utility bills for the building for at least the last 3 years. If Landlord and Alliance cannot agree, they will choose a third electrical consultant to perform a limited review (Sup12, §5(c)(ii); Sup12 §4(c)(ii); Sup14 §4(c)(ii); Sup15 §4(c)(ii); Sup22 §4(c)(ii); Sup24 §4(c)(ii); Sup25 §4(c)(iii); Sup26 §4(b)).
Wattage:	6 watts per usable square foot excluding building HVAC systems and other base building systems (Sup9 §5(e); Sup12 §4(e); Sup14 §4(e); Sup15 §4(e); Sup22 §4(e); Sup24 §4(e); Sup25 §4(e); Sup26 §4(e)).
Additional Capacity:	Upon notice from Alliance, Landlord will provide Alliance with (1) an additional 400 amperes in the aggregate for the 15th and 16th floors (Sup12 §4(e)), and (2) up to another 1,800 amperes for the entire demised premises (Sup14 §4(f)). Such notice will be given by Alliance on or before, with regard to the 15th and 16th floors, the date Alliance delivers to Landlord its plans for its initial fit-out of the 15th floor (but in no event later than June 30, 2001), and, with regard to the rest of the demised premises, by December 31, 2001 (Sup12 §4(e) and Sup14 §4(e)). Alliance is responsible for any construction costs it would incur in connection with alterations relating to such additional electricity supply, as well as a pro-rata share of Landlord’s construction costs (Sup12 §4(e); Sup14 §4(e); and Sup15 §4(f)).
Discontinuance of Service:	Landlord may discontinue furnishing electricity to Alliance only if Landlord simultaneously discontinues service to 80% of the other building tenants (Sup15 §4(d)), upon 60 days’ written notice, provided such period is extended as reasonably necessary to permit Alliance to obtain electricity from the utility company servicing the Building. In such case, Alliance may use the existing wiring. The cost of installation of any additional wiring will be borne, if such discontinuance is voluntary, by Landlord, and if such discontinuance is involuntary, by Landlord and Alliance with Alliance’s share equal to the total cost of such additional wiring multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is remaining months of the Lease term and the denominator of which is as follows:

12

Floor(s)	Denominator
2, 8-14	188 (Sup15 §4(d))
15, 16	248 (Sup12 §4(d) and (h); Sup15 §4(d))
17	182 for the space demised by Sup22, 214 for the space demised by Sup18 and 219 for all other space on Floor 17 (Sup22 §4(d)).
31 (part), 32-34, 37-41	294 (Sup9 §15(d); Sup15 §4(d))
31 (part)	116 (Sup24 §4(d))
35 and 36	237 (Sup14 §4(d); Sup15 §4(d))
42	150 (Sup25 §4(d))
43 and 44	104 (Sup26 §4(d))

Electricity Rent Inclusion Factor for Floors 31 (part), 32-34, and 37-39: Until November 1, 2009, the charge for electricity for Floors 31 (part), 32-34, and 37-39 (the “ERIF”) is included in fixed annual rent (orig. §7.02(a)). Such charge, however, is separately quantified (as listed below) and is subject to increase or decrease (but in no event below $2.75 per s.f. per annum) in proportion to increases or decreases in Landlord’s electricity costs for the building (orig. §7.02(a)).

Floor (entire floor unless otherwise noted)	Original ERIF
31(part), 33, 34	$249,902.46 (Sup7 §3(g))
32	$104,337.75 (Sup6 §3(c))
37 (NE Cor.), 38	$127,187.50 (orig. §7.02(a))
37 (NW Cor.)	$27,500.00 (orig. §46.02(d))
37 (SE Cor.)	$13,750.00 (Sup1 §3(e)
37 (SW Cor.)	$27,912.50 (Sup5 §3(c))
39	$96,937.50 (Sup4 §3(c))

A determination by Landlord of a change in the ERIF as a result of a survey of electrical consumption in the Demised Premises will be binding on Alliance unless Alliance disputes such determination within 15 days of receipt of such determination. If Alliance disputes such determination, it will have its own electrical consultant at its own cost, attempt to resolve the dispute in consultation with Landlord’s electrical consultant. If they cannot agree on a resolution, they will choose a third electrical consultant who’s decision will control (orig. §7.03(b)).

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Electricity Rent Inclusion Factor for 42^nd Floor: Until May 1, 2011, the charge for electricity for Floor 42 is included in fixed annual rent. The initial amount of such charge is $5.81 per s.f. and is subject to increase or decrease (but in no event below $5.81 per s.f. per annum) in proportion to increases or decreases in Landlord’s electricity costs for the building as well based on Alliance’s electricity consumption. A determination by Landlord of a change in the rent inclusion charge as a result of a survey of electrical consumption in the Demised Premises will be binding on Alliance unless Alliance disputes such determination within 30 days of receipt of such determination. If Alliance disputes such determination, it will have its own electrical consultant at its own cost attempt to resolve the dispute in consultation with Landlord’s electrical consultant. If they cannot agree on a resolution, they will choose a third electrical consultant who’s decision will control (Sup25 §4(b)).

Supplies:

At Landlord’s option, Alliance is required to purchase (for a reasonable charge) from Landlord all lighting tubes, lamps, bulbs and ballasts used in the demised premises (orig. §7.05(b)).

Concourse Space:

Subject to the following sentence, for any portion of the demised premises located on the concourse consisting of less than 3,000 contiguous rsf, Alliance will pay an ERIF of $0.75/rsf, subject to increase if Alliance uses the space for anything other than storage (Sup15 §23(f)(ii)). For the portion of the demised premises located on the concourse and leased pursuant to Sup23, however, Landlord will provide electricity at no additional charge provided that if Landlord determines on a reasonable basis that Alliance is consuming excessive electricity, then Landlord may commence charging Alliance for such electricity on either (at Landlord’s option) a rent inclusion or submeter basis.

14

TAX ESCALATION

FLOOR	BASE YEAR	PERCENTAGE
Ground Floor (part)	1999/2000 (Sup13§3(c)(1)).	0.483% (Sup13 §3(c)(2))
2, 8, 9, 11-14	Average of 2000/01 and 2001/02 (Sup15 §3(d)(i)).	14.72% (Sup15 §3(d)(ii); Sup19 §2(d))
10	Average of 2000/01 and 2001/02 (Sup15 §3(d)(i)).	2.11% (Sup19 §3(d))
15	1999/2000 (Sup12 §3(a)(4)(a)).	2.150% (Sup12 §3 (a)(4)(b))
16	1999/2000 (Sup12 §3(b)(4)(a)).	2.150% (Sup12 §3(b)(4)(b))
17	Average of 2000/01 and 2001/02 (Sup16 §3(d)(i); Sup17 §3(d)(i); Sup18 §3(d)(i)) Except with respect to the Sup22 17th floor space, for which it is the average of 2003/04 and 2004/05 (Sup22 §3(d)(i)).	2.147% (Sup16 §3(d)(ii); Sup17 §3(d)(ii); Sup18 §3(d)(ii); Sup22 §3(d)(ii))
31 (part), 33, 34	Average of 1994/95 and 1995/96 (Sup7 §(3)(f)(i)). Beginning on 11/01/09, changed to 1995/96 (Sup9 §4(e)).	5.130% (Sup7 §3(f)(ii))
31 (part)	Average of 2007/08 and 2008/09 (Sup24 §3(d)(i)).	1.35% (Sup24 §3(d)(ii))
32	1993/94 (Sup6 §3(b)(i)). Beginning on 11/01/09, changed to 1995/96 (Sup9 §4(e)).	2.150% (Sup6 §3(b)(ii))
35	2000/01 (Sup14 §3(a)(4)(a)).	2.150% (Sup14 §3(a)(4)(b))
36	2000/01 (Sup14 §3(b)(4)(a)).	2.150% (Sup14 §3(b)(4)(b))
37 (NE Cor.), 38	1985/86 (orig. §4.01(a)(i)). Beginning on 11/01/09, changed to 1995/96 (Sup9 §4(e)).	2.820% (orig. §4.01(a)(ii)
37 (NW Cor.)	1985/86 (orig. §4.01(a)(i)). Beginning on 11/01/09, changed to 1995/96 (Sup9 §4(e)).	0.610% (orig. §46.02(b))
37 (SE Cor.)	1985/86 (Sup1 §3(a)). Beginning on 11/01/09, changed to 1995/96 (Sup9 §4(e)).	0.300% (Sup1 §3(b))
37 (SW Cor.)	1988/89 (Sup5, §3(b)(i)). Beginning on 11/01/09, changed to 1995/96 (Sup9 §4(e)).	0.618% (Sup5 §3(b)(ii)
39	1988/89 (Sup4 §3(b)(i)). Beginning on 11/01/09, changed to 1995/96 (Sup9 §4(e)).	2.150% (Sup4 §3(b)(ii))
40, 41, 45	1995/96 (Sup9 §4(d)(i)).	6.446% (Sup10 §2(a))
42	1988/89 (Sup25 §3(d)(i)(a)). Beginning on 5/1/11, changed to average of 2007/08 and 2008/09 (Sup25 §3(d)(i)(b)).	2.24% (Sup25 §3(d)(ii))
43 and 44	Average of 2007/08 and 2008/09 (Sup26 §3(d)(i)).	4.45% (Sup26 §3(d)(ii))

15

Due Date: 6/1 and 12/1 of each comparative year, subject to rescheduling based on the date tax payments are due from Landlord (orig §4.01(b)(1)).

Audit/Dispute: Landlord’s real estate tax statements given to Alliance are binding unless Alliance challenges such statement in writing within 90 days (Sup7 §6(d)) of receipt. Alliance must make payments in accordance with the statement pending dispute resolution (orig §4.01(b)(4)).

Tax Increase upon Disposition: Under certain circumstances, if, as a result of the sale of an interest in the property or entity owning the property, the real estate taxes increase, Alliance will receive an abatement of the resulting escalation, and thereafter this Lease provision is deleted. Under certain circumstances, if, after Fisher-Sixth Avenue Company’s or a Fisher family affiliate’s purchase of Hawaiian Sixth Avenue Corp.’s or its successor’s interest in the property or the entity owning the property, as a result of a sale of a less than majority interest in the property or the entity owning the property or the admission into the entity owning the property of an entity owning less than a majority interest in such entity, the real estate taxes increase, Landlord will pay Alliance $1,500,000.00 (Sup9 §15; Sup12 §17).

Building Square Footage: Total rentable area of the office and store space in the building is 1,641,000 sf for tax escalation purposes (orig §4.01(a)(ii)).

Concourse Space:     Alliance will pay a tax escalation for its concourse space only if the previous tenant of such space was subject to a tax escalation. The base year for any such escalation will be the average of 2000/01 and 2001/02 (Sup15, §23(g)).

Floor 8 Extended Term: Tax escalation additional rent will continue to be payable with respect to the premises located on Floor 8 floor for the extended term of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2024 provided that the percentage with respect to such premises will be 2.11%. (Sup28 §2)

16

EXPENSE ESCALATION

Floor	Base	Percentage
Ground (part)	Expenses for 1999 calendar year (Sup13 §3(c)(3)).	0.483% (Sup13 §3(c)(4))
2, 8, 9, 11-14	Expenses for 2001 calendar year (Sup15 §3(d)(ii)).	15.67% (Sup15 §3(d)(iv); Sup19 §2(c))
15	Expenses for 1999 calendar year (Sup12 §3(a)(4)(c)).	2.290% (Sup12 §3(c)(4)(d))
16	Expenses for 1999 calendar year (Sup12 §3(b)(4)(c)).	2.290% (Sup12 §3(b)(4))
17	Expenses for 2001 calendar year (Sup16 §3(d)(iii); Sup17 §3(d)(iii); Sup18 §3(d)(iii)), except for the Sup22 17th floor space, for which it is 2004 (Sup22 §3(d)(iii)).	2.288% (Sup16 §3(d)(iv); Sup17 §3(d)9iv); Sup18 §3(d)(iv) and Sup22 §3(d)(iv))
31 (part), 33, 34	Expenses for 1995 calendar year (Sup7 §3(f)(iii); Sup9 §4(e)).	5.450% (Sup7 §3(f)(iv))
31 (part)	Expenses for 2008 calendar year (Sup24 §3(d)(iii)).	1.43% (Sup24 §3(d)(iv))
32	Expenses for 1993 calendar year (Sup6 §3(b)(iii)). As of 11/01/09, changed to expenses for calendar year 1995 (Sup9 §4(e)).	2.290% (Sup6 §3(b)(iv))
35	Expenses for 2000 calendar year (Sup14 §3(a)(4)(c)).	2.290% (Sup14 §3(a)(4)(d))
36	Expenses for 2000 calendar year (Sup14 §3(b)(4)(c)).	2.290% (Sup14 §3(b)(4)(d))
37 (NE Cor.) and 38	$6,509,748 (orig §5.01(a)(i)). As of 11/01/09, changed to expenses for 1995 calendar year (Sup9 §4(e)).	3.000% (orig §5.01(a)(iv))
37 (NW Cor.)	$6,509,748 (orig. §5.01(a)(i)). As of 11/01/09, changed to expenses for 1995 calendar year (Sup9 §4(e)).	0.650% (orig. §46.01(b))
37 (SE Cor.)	$6,509,748 (Sup1 §5.01(a)(i)). As of 11/01/09, changed to expenses for calendar year 1995 (Sup9 §4(e)).	0.330% (Sup1 §3(c))
37 (SW Cor.)	Expenses for calendar year 1989 (Sup5 §3(b)(iii)). As of 11/01/09, changed to expenses for calendar year 1995 (Sup9 §4(e)).	0.659% (Sup5 §3(b)(iv)
39	Expenses for calendar year 1989 (Sup4 §3(b)(iii)). As of 11/01/09, changed to expenses for calendar year 1995 (Sup9 §4(e)).	2.290% (Sup4 §3(b)(iv))
40, 41	Expenses for calendar year 1995 (Sup9 §4(d)9iii)).	6.865% (Sup11 §2(c))
42	Expenses for calendar year 1989 (Sup25 §3(d)(iii)(a)). As of 5/1/11, changed to expenses for calendar year 2008 (Sup25 §3(d)(iii)(b)).	2.38% (Sup25 §3(d)(iv))

17

43 and 44 Expenses for calendar year 2008 (Sup26 §3(d)(iii)). 4.73%
(Sup26 §3(d)(iv))

Management Fee: The management fee included in building expenses is an amount equal to the greater of (a) $152,250, and (b) the product of $152,250 multiplied by a fraction the numerator of which is building expenses (exclusive of management fees for such year) and the denominator of which is $6,357,498 (orig §5.01(a)(v)).

Payment Frequency: Monthly, equal to 1/12^th of Alliance’s share of previous comparative year’s annual escalation over the base year, subject to adjustment for reasonably anticipated increases (orig §5.01(b)(1)).

Audit/Dispute: Landlord’s expense statements given to Alliance are final and determinative unless Alliance challenges such statement in writing (which will also set forth the basis of such challenge with particularity) within 90 days (Sup7 §6(d)) of receipt. Alliance must make payments in accordance with the statement pending dispute resolution. So long as Alliance has continued to pay the expense escalation pursuant to Landlord’s statements, Alliance has the right to examine Landlord’s books and records provided such examination is commenced within 60 days and concluded within 90 days (Sup7 §6(d)) following the rendition of the expense statement in dispute. Landlord and Alliance will resolve the dispute by arbitration with 3 arbitrators, each of whom will have at least 10 years experience in the operation and management of major Manhattan office buildings (orig. §5.01(b)(2)).

Concourse Space: Alliance will pay an expense escalation for its concourse space only if the previous tenant of such space was subject to an expense escalation. The base year for any such escalation will be calendar year 2001 (Sup15, §23(g)).

Building Square Footage Total rentable area of the building is 1,540,000 sf for expense escalation purposes (orig. §5.01 (a)(iv)).

8^thFloor Extended Term: Expense escalation additional rent will continue to be payable with respect to the premises located on Floor 8 for the extended term of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2024 provided that the percentage with respect to such premises will be 2.25%. (Sup28 §2)

18

CLEANING

Cleaning services are provided by the Cleaning Contractor pursuant to two separate agreements, one covering the office space and the other covering the ground floor space. The following summary is applicable to both such agreements. Unless otherwise noted, the section references are also applicable to both agreements.

Services:	The Cleaning Contractor provides certain cleaning services for the office areas and lavatories of the demised premises (§1(a)). The cleaning services provided do not include the cleaning of below-grade space, kitchen, pantry or dining space, storage, shipping, computer or word-processing space, or private or executive lavatories (§1(b)). The Cleaning Contractor is not responsible for removing debris and rubbish from areas under construction in the demised premises (§2). The quality of the cleaning services will be comparable to that provided in first class buildings in midtown Manhattan (§1(a)).
Access:	The Cleaning Contractor has access to the demised premises from 6 p.m. to 2 a.m. on business days. The Cleaning Contractor has the right to use Alliance’s light, power and water, as reasonably required (§1(a)).
Term:	The cleaning agreements are co-terminous with the Lease (§2).
Fee:	Alliance pays the Cleaning Contractor, for the office space, a fixed monthly fee of $310,465.73, plus an amount equal to the fee for Floor 36 multiplied by the percentage increase in the labor rate in 2000 over 1999, plus an amount equal to the fee for Floors 2, 8, 9, 11-14 multiplied by the percentage increase in the labor rate in 2001 over 2000, plus an amount equal to the fee for Floor 10 multiplied by the percentage increase in the labor rate in 2001 over 2000 (CAO §3; CAO-2 §3; CAO-3 §3; CAO-4 §3; CAO-5 §3; CAO-6 §3; CAO-7 §3; CAO-8 §3; CAO-9 §3; CAO-11 §3). Alliance pays the Cleaning Contractor a fixed monthly fee of $2,833.33 for the ground floor space (CAG §3). The fixed monthly fee for cleaning the office space will increase by $11,087.73 plus an adjustment based on the increase in the labor rate in 2008 over 2007 with the addition of remainder of Floor 31 to demised premises (CAO-10 §3) and will increase by $36,604.68 plus an adjustment based on the increase in the labor rate in 2008 over 2007 with the addition of Floor 10 to demised premises (CAO-12 §3). The monthly fee with respect to Floor 8 for the extended term of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2024 is $14,717.83. (Sup28 §2). The fixed monthly fee is inclusive of sales tax and is payable in advance on the first of each month (§3). Payment for any additional cleaning services will be made by Alliance within 20 days of demand. The cost of such additional services must be comparable to services provided in comparable buildings (§1(a)). In addition to the fixed fee, Alliance pays the Cleaning Contractor a percentage of annual increases in cleaning costs (which annual increases are equal to the annual percentage increase in porters’ wages over a porter’s wage base year) over an amount representing base year cleaning costs. The percentage for the office space is 53.899% (CAO §3 and §4; CAO-2 §3; CAO-3 §3; CAO-4 §3; CAO-5 §3; CAO-6 §3; CAO-7 §3; CAO-8 §3; CAO-9 §3; CAO-11 §3) and 0.483% for the ground floor space (CAG §4). The percentage for the office space will increase by 1.46% (CAO-10 §3) to with the addition of the remainder of Floor 31 and will increase by 4.82% with the addition of Floors 43 and 44. The percentage for Floor 8 for the extended term of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2024 is 2.29%. (Sup28 §2). The other variables in such calculation are as follows:

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Floor	Base Year for Porter’s Wages	Base for Cleaning Costs
Ground (part)	1999 (CAG §4)	$6,286,271.55 (CAG §4)
2, 8-14	2001 (CAO-5, §4)	$6,444,056.97 (CAO-5, §4)
15 and 16	1999 (CAO-3 §4)	$6,247,986 (CAO-3, §4)
17 (except for the part demised by Sup22)	2001 (CAO-6 §4; CAO-7 §4; CAO-8 §4)	$6,629,645.81
17 (the part demised by Sup22)	2004 (CAO-9 §4)	$7,606,434.69 (CAO-9 §4)
31 (part) , 32-34, 37-41	1995 (CAO §4(a)(i))	$5,827,772 (CAO §4(a)(iii))
31 (the part demised by Sup24)	2008 (CAO-10 §4)	$8,408,948.97 (CAO-10 §4)
35 and 36	2000 (CAO-4 §4)	$6,381,693 (CAO-4 §4)
42	2008 (CAO-11 §4)	$8,408,948.97 (CAO-11 §4)
43 and 44	2008 (CAO-12 §4)	$8,408,948.97 (CAO-12 §4)

20

Dispute with Cleaning Contractor:	If Alliance believes that the Cleaning Contractor is not adequately performing under a cleaning agreement, and the Cleaning Contractor has not corrected such inadequate performance within 10 days after notice, Alliance may arbitrate whether the Cleaning Contractor is adequately performing. If a majority of the required arbitrators find that the Cleaning Contractor is not adequately performing, then the Cleaning Contractor will correct such inadequate performance within 10 days of such finding. If Contractor fails to do so, Alliance may terminate the cleaning agreement upon 10 days notice. (§5).
Default by Alliance:	If Alliance fails to make a payment due under a cleaning agreement within 15 days of notice of such failure, the Cleaning Contractor may, upon 10 days notice terminate the cleaning agreement if Alliance also fails to make such payment within such 10 day period. In case of such termination, Alliance may only use the approved cleaning contractor for the building (§6). If a payment is not made within 3 days of notice of such failure, such payment accrues interest from the due date at prime rate, provided that Cleaning Contractor is not obligated to give such notice more than twice a year (§12).
Rent Credit:	Alliance is entitled to a credit against the monthly installment of fixed rent in the amount of $169,479.10 per month (Sup9 §4(c); Sup10 §2(c); Sup11 §2(c); LTR1; Sup12 §3(a)(3) and §3(b)(3); Sup14 §3(a)(3) and §3(b)(3); Sup15 §3(c)) Sup16 §3(c); Sup17 §3(c); Sup18 §3(c) and Sup22 §3(c) plus an amount equal to the credit for Floor 36 multiplied by the percentage increase in the labor rate in 2000 over 1999 (Sup14 §3(b)(3)). The monthly credit will increase by (i) $92,734.38 plus an adjustment based on the increase in the labor rate in 2001 over 2000 with the addition of Floors 2, 8, 9, 11-14 to the demised premises (Sup15 §3(c); Sup19 §2(c)), (ii) by $13,296.17 plus an adjustment based on the increase in the labor rate in 2001 over 2000 with the addition of Floor 10 to the demised premises (Sup19 §3(c)); (iii) by $11,087.72 plus an adjustment based on the increase in the labor rate in 2008 over 2007 with the addition of remainder of Floor 31 to the demised premises (Sup24 §3(c)); (iv) by $220,539.40 plus an adjustment based on the increase in the labor rate in 2008 over 2007 on May 1, 2011 (Sup25 §3(c)); and (v) by $439,256.17 plus an adjustment based on the increase in the labor rate in 2008 over 2007 on May 1, 2011. The monthly credit with respect to Floor 8 for the extended term of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2024 is $13,635.52. (Sup28 §2).
Termination of Cleaning Agreement:	In the event the cleaning agreement for the office space is terminated, Landlord will provide cleaning services and Alliance will pay Landlord on a monthly basis for the office space (assuming that all of the office space demised under the lease is delivered to Alliance at that time) 60.17% (Sup26 §7(a)) of annual increases in cleaning costs (which annual increases are equal to annual percentage increases in porter’s wages) over Landlord’s cleaning costs for the entire building during the first full calendar year after the Cleaning Agreement’s termination (orig. §6.04, as modified by Sup9 §8(a)). Landlord’s cleaning cost escalation statements are final and determinative unless Alliance challenges such statement in writing within 90 days (Sup7 §6(d)) of receipt. Alliance must make payment in accordance with such statement pending dispute resolution. Landlord and Alliance will resolve any dispute by arbitration with 3 arbitrators, each of whom will have at least 10 years’ experience in the operation and management of major Manhattan office buildings (orig. §6.01(d)).

Total rentable area of the building is 1,515,000 sf for cleaning cost escalation purposes.

21

MAINTENANCE & REPAIRS

Alliance’s Responsibility	Alliance will make repairs to the demised premises necessitated by its acts, omissions, occupancy or negligence (except for fire or other casualty caused by Alliance’s negligence if Landlord’s insurance is not invalidated thereby) (orig. §9.01).
Landlord’s Responsibility	Landlord will maintain the building and its common areas in a manner appropriate to a first class office building. The building exterior, the window sills outside the window and the windows are not part of the demised premises (orig. §9.01).

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ALTERATIONS

Approval:	All alterations require Landlord’s prior written approval, which will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, provided that it does not (1) affect the structural integrity of the building, (2) affect the exterior of the building, or (3) adversely affect the building’s systems without, in Landlord’s opinion, adequate mitigation (orig. §8.01).
Landlord’s Reimbursement:	Alliance will reimburse Landlord’s out-of-pocket costs incurred in reviewing alterations (orig. §8.01).
Contractors:	Landlord’s affiliate will act as general contractor for any alteration work performed anywhere in the demised premises for one year after the delivery of the 2nd and 8th-14th floors, for a fee not to exceed 6% of the aggregate cost of such work. In acting as general contractor, Landlord’s affiliate will obtain competitive bids from at least 3 subcontractors approved by Landlord for each category of work, except that there is only one approved subcontractor for air conditioning balancing work (although Alliance may have another subcontractor verify the work) and there are only 2 unaffiliated subcontractors for the base building work (Sup15 §6(a)). Alliance and Plaza Construction Corp., Landlord'’s affiliate, have subsequently entered into that certain Master Agreement dated January 27, 2004 pursuant to which Plaza Construction Corp. will provide construction management services to Alliance in respect of construction projects at the building. Landlord must have given its approval of any contractors performing alterations. Alliance will inform the Landlord of the name of any contractors or subcontractors Alliance proposes to do any alterations at least 10 days prior to work commencement (orig. §8.01 2(a)).
Insurance Certificates:	Prior to commencing any alterations, Alliance will deliver to Landlord an insurance certificate evidencing the existence of workmen’s compensation insurance covering all persons involved in such alterations and reasonable comprehensive general liability and property damage insurance with coverage of at least $1 million single limit (orig. §8.01(7)).
Records:	Alliance will keep records of alterations exceeding $25,000 in cost and provide copies of such records to Landlord within 45 days of demand (orig. §8.07).
38th/39th Floor Staircase:	Alliance has the right to install a staircase between the 38th and 39th floors provided that Landlord approves the plans therefor and the staircase is installed in compliance with Articles 8 and 45 of the lease (Sup4 §14).
Expiration of Term:	All improvements installed by Landlord are the property of the Landlord (orig. §8.03) and all permanent improvements (including, therefore, any kitchen, pantry or dining room) will remain at the expiration of the term without Alliance being obligated to remove such permanent improvements. (orig. §8.04) All fixtures (other than trade fixtures) installed by Landlord become the property of the Landlord, and will remain as part of the demised premises, upon expiration of the lease. All furnishings and trade fixtures supplied by Alliance at its expense are Alliance’s property and, with regard to Alliance’s furniture and movable office equipment only (Sup7 §6(e)), will be removed upon the expiration of the lease term following the lease expiration unless Landlord notifies Alliance (within 30 days after Alliance’s notice, which notice will be given at least 3 months prior to expiration of the lease term) that such property may remain in the demised premise following the lease term expiration (orig. §8.05). Alliance has no obligation to remove any staircases in the demised premises (Sup9 §21).

23

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS RELATING TO IMPROVEMENTS

Emergency Generator:	Alliance is permitted to install a 2800 KW Detroit diesel emergency generator back-up power system in specified locations in the building (Sup27 §2(b)). Alliance is permitted to connect the back-up power system to the building’s emergency generator system. Up to 1500 KW of the power generated by the back-up power system will back-up the building’s emergency generator system (Sup27 §2(d)). Landlord will operate and maintain the back-up power system at Alliance’s expense and, as part of such obligation, Landlord will enter into a maintenance contract for same subject to the reasonable approval of Alliance (Sup27 §2(d)). Alliance is obligated to pay a one-time fee for such emergency generator rights equal to $75,000, adjusted for inflation based on increases in the Consumer Price Index (Sup27 §2(f)). Alliance will pay for its proportionate share (based on KW capacity) of fuel purchased for the emergency generator system and has the right, subject to Landlord’s reasonable approval, to install its own fuel storage tanks (Sup27 §2(g)). The back-up power system will remain and not be removed at the end of the lease term (Sup27 §2(i)). Alliance has, through 1/31/10, a limited right of first offer to lease space to install another emergency generator. Alliance has 15 days to accept any such offer (Sup27 §3).
Communications Antenna or Dish:	Alliance has the right, subject to the other alteration provisions of the Lease and to all applicable legal requirements, to install a communications antenna or dish on the roof in a location reasonably determined by Landlord. Landlord may require Alliance to relocate the antenna, at Landlord’s expense, to mitigate interference with other uses, so long as the antenna is able to function in its relocated position, provided that if such relocation does mitigate the interference, Landlord may require Alliance to remove the antenna so long as no other antennas are allowed to be installed on the roof and Landlord bears the cost of such removal and the unamortized value of the antenna. If deemed reasonably advisable by Landlord’s engineer, Landlord will, at Alliance’s expense, reinforce the area under the antenna and, upon lease expiration, Alliance will remove the antenna and restore any damage caused thereby. Alliance will pay Landlord one-half of fair market rent for the roof space used by the antenna. Alliance, under Landlord’s supervision (the cost of which Alliance is obligated to reimburse, has access to the roof and other areas of the building as reasonably necessary to maintain and repair the antenna (Sup9 §20).
Communications Wiring:	Landlord will provide Alliance a reasonable area in a common vertical riser shaft in the building for the installation of data, communications and security system cabling.
Initial Fit-Out of Balance of 31st Floor:	Alliance, at its expense, will prepare a complete set of plans for the work, which is subject to the reasonable approval of Landlord (orig. §45.01). Although Alliance is permitted to use its own engineer, such plans ultimately are subject to the reasonable approval of Landlord’s designated engineer. There is no deadline for the delivery to Landlord of the plans for Alliance’s initial fit-out (Sup24 §6(a)). Landlord will provide Alliance with a $762,240 allowance for the hard costs and certain soft costs of the fit-out. The allowance can be disbursed in installments upon Alliance’s request and any unused portion will be credited against fixed rent (Sup24 §6(b)(i)). Alliance may use the allowance to pay for construction work undertaken in the demised premises leased prior to Sup24, but if Alliance draws on the allowance prior to May 1, 2010 then the allowance will be reduced by the future value of the amount drawn upon calculated at 6% per year (Sup24 §6(b)(ii)).
Initial Fit-Out of 42nd Floor:	Alliance, at its expense, will prepare a complete set of plans for the work, which is subject to the reasonable approval of Landlord (orig. §45.01). Although Alliance is permitted to use its own engineer, such plans ultimately are subject to the reasonable approval of Landlord’s designated engineer. There is no deadline for the delivery to Landlord of the plans for Alliance’s initial fit-out (Sup25 §6(a)). Landlord will provide Alliance with a $1,266,090 allowance for the hard costs and certain soft costs of the fit-out. The allowance can be disbursed in installments upon Alliance’s request and any unused portion will be credited against fixed rent (Sup25 §6(b)). If, however, Alliance draws on the allowance prior to May 1, 2011 then the allowance will be reduced by the future value of the amount drawn upon calculated at 6% per year (Sup25 §6(b)(ii)).

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Initial Fit-Out of 43^rd and 44^th Floors: Alliance, at its expense, will prepare a complete set of plans for the work, which is subject to the reasonable approval of Landlord (orig. §45.01). Although Alliance is permitted to use its own engineer, such plans ultimately are subject to the reasonable approval of Landlord’s designated engineer. There is no deadline for the delivery to Landlord of the plans for Alliance’s initial fit-out (Sup26 §6(a)).

25

SNDA & ESTOPPEL

Subordination, Non-Disturbance and Attornment:

The Lease is subordinate to all present and future mortgages and ground leases only to the extent Alliance receives a subordination, non-disturbance and attornment agreement from the holder thereof (orig. §11.01; Sup15 §8). Alliance will not exercise any right to terminate the lease due to an act or omission of Landlord without first giving notice of such act or omission to any mortgagee or ground lessor of which Alliance has been notified and giving such mortgagee or ground lessor an opportunity to cure such act or omission within a reasonable period of time after such notice provided that such mortgagee or ground lessor notifies Alliance that it will commence and continue to remedy such act or omission (orig. §11.02). Alliance and the property’s mortgagee are parties to a subordination, non-disturbance and attornment agreement (SNDA-M). Alliance and the property’s ground lessor are parties to a subordination, non-disturbance and attornment agreement (SNDA-G).

Estoppel:

Alliance will provide an estoppel certificate within 10 days after Landlord’s request. The estoppel certificate will certify:    (a) that the Lease is unmodified and in full force and effect or, if there has been any modification that the same is in full force and effect as modified and state any such modification;    (b) whether the term of the Lease has commenced and rent become payable thereunder; and whether Alliance has accepted possession of the demised premises;    (c) whether or not there are then existing any defenses or offsets which are not claims under paragraph (e) below against the enforcement of any of the agreements, terms, covenants, or conditions of the Lease any modification thereof upon the part of Alliance to be performed or complied with, and, if so, specifying the same;    (d) the dates to which the fixed annual rent, and additional rent, and other charges hereunder, have been paid; and    (e) whether or not Alliance has made any claim against Landlord under the Lease and if so the nature thereof and the dollar amount, if any, of such claim (orig. §36).

26

INSURANCE AND LIABILITY

Insurance:	Alliance will reimburse Landlord for any increases in Landlord’s fire insurance caused by Alliance (orig. §10.03).
Landlord	Landlord is not liable for damage or injury to property or persons unless caused by or due to the negligence of Landlord or its agents, servants or employees (orig. §12.01). Alliance will look solely to Landlord’s estate in the Building for the satisfaction of any judgment (orig. §12.05).
Alliance:	Alliance will reimburse Landlord for all costs incurred by Landlord that Landlord does not recover from insurance resulting from Alliance’s breach under the lease, by reason of damage or injury caused by Alliance in connection with the moving of Alliance’s property except as provided in the lease, and by reason of the negligence of Alliance or its agents, servants or employees in the use or occupancy of the demised premises (orig. §12.03). Alliance will indemnify, defend and save Landlord harmless from any liability arising from Alliance’s use of the demised premises, breach of the lease, or holding over, except for any liability arising from Landlord’s negligence (orig. 35.01).
Waiver of Subrogation	Both parties are required to obtain waivers of their insurer’s rights of subrogation provided that such waiver does not result in an additional expense to the party waiving the right of subrogation, unless the other party agrees to be responsible for such additional expense (orig. §12.06(a) and (b)).

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USE

General:	The demised premises are permitted to be used for executive and general offices (orig. §2). Landlord represents that such use does not violate the certificate of occupancy for the demised premises (orig. §17). The demised premises may not be used for a banking office open to street traffic or certain other undesirable businesses (orig. §42.01).
Dwyer Unit:	Alliance may, subject to Landlord’s consent which may not be unreasonably withheld, install in the demised premises a Dwyer Unit at its sole cost expense provided that: (a) it is used for Alliance’s employees and guests; (b) no installation of ventilation equipment is required and no odors emanate from the demised premises from the use thereof; (c) no additional air conditioning service is required thereby; (d) use of the unit is expressly subject to the extra cleaning and water consumption provisions of the lease; and (e) Alliance will engage an extermination service (orig. §49.01; Sup7 §18).
Dining:	Alliance may, subject to Landlord’s consent which may not unreasonably be withheld, install a dining room with kitchen for use by Alliance’s employees and guests in the demised premises (Sup7 §18), provided that such facilities (a) comply with all applicable laws, (b) are properly ventilated and (c) all wet garbage is bagged and stored so that no odor emanates therefrom (orig. §49.06). If Alliance installs such facilities, then (a) Alliance will pay landlord the cost of an extermination service and (b) will have a refrigerated garbage storage room or other means of disposing of garbage therefrom reasonably satisfactory to Landlord (orig. 32.08 (as modified by Sup9 §6(b)); orig. §49.02), but such refrigerated room will only be required if such wet garbage creates an odor or pest problem (orig. §49.02). Alliance may install additional dining facilities on any floor of the demised premises comparable to the dining facility located on the 39th floor (as it existed as of 8/16/94). (Sup9 §25)
Corporate Training Facility:	Subject to the other terms of the lease and all applicable laws, Alliance may use a portion of the demised premises for a corporate training facility (Sup5 §11(c)).

Concourse: Subject to the following sentence, the portion of demised premises located on the concourse may be used for storage, mailroom, computer printing room, incidental office, dining room or cafeteria purposes and any other legal purpose (Sup15 §23(e)). The portion of the demised premises located on the concourse and leased pursuant to Sup23, however, may be used only for storage purposes except that Alliance may also install electrical switches therein in certain specified locations (Sup23 §4).

28

TERM

Expiration Date:	December 31, 2024. Landlord has exercised its right to extend the term from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2024. (Sup15 §12(a), Sup15 §13(a)(i)). Fixed annual rent during the extension period will be at the rate of the average fixed annual rent per s.f. being paid by Alliance on 12/30/19 for all of its space in building (other than ground floor, concourse or subconcourse space). The method of calculating escalations would remain unchanged for such period (Sup15 §13(a)(ii) and (iii); Sup21 §9(a)).
Alliance’s 10 Year Extension Option:	•    Alliance has the option to extend the term for 10 years (Sup9 §12(a)) to expire on 12/31/34.
	•    The exercise deadline for Alliance’s 10 year extension option is 12/31/21 (Sup9 §12(a)(i)).
	•    As conditions to the exercise of Alliance’s 10 year extension option, as of the date of exercise and as of the first day of the extension period (i) Alliance can not be in default of beyond applicable notice and grace periods of its obligation to pay fixed annual rent, tax escalations and expense escalations, and (ii) Alliance and its affiliates must occupy at least 200,000 rsf (Sup9 §12(a)(ii) and (iii)).
	•    The fixed annual rent for Alliance’s 10 year extension period is 95% of fair market rent determined as of 36 months before what would have been the expiration of the term if the term had not been extended by Alliance’s ten year extension option, as determined by Landlord and notified to Alliance in writing within 30 days thereafter, plus an increase in proportion to the increase over such 36 month period of the average of the CPI for Urban Consumers and CPI for Urban Wage Earners (both New York, NY-Northeast NJ, base year 1982-84 =100, “All Items”) (Sup9 §12(b)). If Alliance disputes Landlord’s determination of the rent, then Landlord and Alliance will resolve the dispute according to a specified arbitration process (Sup9 §12(b) and §16).
	•    For purposes of calculating real estate tax escalations, the base year during such extension period is 2019/20 if Landlord does not exercise its 5 year extension option, or 2024/25 if Landlord does exercise its 5 year extension option (Sup9 §12(c)(i); Sup15 §13(b) and (c)). For purposes of calculating expense escalations, the base year for building expenses during such extension period is calendar year 2019 if Landlord does not exercise its 5 year extension option, or calendar year 2024 if Landlord does exercise its 5 year extension option. (Sup9 §12(c)(ii) and (iii); Sup15 §13(b) and (c)).

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SERVICES

Electricity:	See page 14.
Elevator:	Passenger: Service will be provided as necessary on business days between 8 am and 6 pm and sufficient service at all other times (orig. §32.01). In case of special events at the demised premises, upon 24 hours notice from Alliance, Landlord will provide 2 dedicated elevators staffed by Landlord personnel, the labor cost of which will be reimbursable by Alliance within 30 days of demand (Sup9 §24(a)). Landlord is required to have, in 1996, reconfigured the elevators so that the 32nd floor and the 37th, 38th and 39th floors are served by the same elevators (Sup6, §4(c)). Freight: Landlord will provide reasonable freight elevator service on business days from 8 am to 6 pm and after-hours service at landlord’s established rates (orig. §32.01). During tenant’s initial fit-out of the remainder of the 31st floor, and the 42nd, 43rd and 44th floors, Alliance has priority but not exclusive use of one freight elevator and non-priority use of a second freight elevator at no charge (Sup14 §13(a); Sup15 §16(a); Sup24 §10(a); Sup25 §10; Sup26 §10). Subject to the terms of the alterations provisions and so long as Alliance is leasing floors 31 (part) through 41, Alliance has the right, at its expense, to make alterations so that any elevator servicing Floors 31 (part) through 41 can stop on any other floor leased by Alliance (Sup15 §24).
HVAC:	Regular Service:  During regular hours of operation on business days as from time to time determined by Landlord, but always at least from 8 am to 6 pm, but excluding 9pm to 8 am (orig. §32.02(a)).
	After-Hours Service: Available upon reasonable notice at Landlord’s established rates, payable upon presentation of bill, provided that:
	•    if any other tenants in the same air conditioning zone obtain after-hours service, the charge therefore will be equitably pro-rated (orig. §32.02(d)), and
	•    Landlord will provide HVAC to Alliance free of charge on any non-business day that the New York Stock Exchange is open (Sup9 §24(b)).

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Supplemental AC:  Subject to the lease provisions (including the alterations section) and all applicable laws, Alliance may at its expense install self-contained package air-conditioning units in the demised premises. Alliance is responsible for the maintenance and repair of such units. Alliance may connect such units to any existing supplementary air-conditioning systems located in the demised premises as of the date the lease commenced with respect to the 37^th and 38^th floors (orig. §32.10). Alliance has the right to install at its own expense additional supplemental air conditioning in the demised premises subject to service being available from Landlord at Landlord’s established per ton per annum connected load and line charge (Sup5 §11(d)). Alliance has the right to install a supplemental air conditioning system on the 31 (part)-34^th, and 37^th-39^th floors and Landlord will provide condenser water therefor at a connected load and line charge fee of $500 per ton per annum increased after 1991 in proportion to the lease’s expense escalations (Sup6 §17; Sup7 §19).

Condenser Water:

•    Floors 2, 8-14: Alliance has reserved 190 tons of condenser water for use on the 2^nd and 8^th-14^th floors, with an option to reserve up to an additional 80 tons upon written notice to Landlord on or before 8/30/04. Landlord’s charge for such condenser water is $568.35 plus annual increases based on the percentage increases in building and parking expenses. Alliance begins paying for such condenser water upon use (but no later after 1 year after delivery of the 2^nd and 8^th through 14^th floors). If Alliance requires more than 270 tons of condenser water for such space, then Landlord will use best efforts to obtain additional condenser from the building’s existing supply and, if unsuccessful, will enter into good faith discussions regarding the installation of an additional cooling tower and allocation of costs relating thereto (Sup15 §16(b)).

•    Floors 15-16: The 15^th floor has an existing supply of 12 tons of condenser water and the 16^th floor has an existing supply of 11 tons of condenser water. Alliance has the right to install at its own expense, pursuant to the alterations provisions of the Lease, a supplemental air-conditioning system on the 15^th and 16^th floors. Alliance was to have reserved its requirements of condenser water for such supplemental system from the existing supply on or before May 1, 1999 and of additional condenser water (up to 100 tons) by June 30, 2001 (Sup14 §13(b)(ii)). We have been advised by Judd S. Meltzer Co. Inc., however, that Landlord has agreed to reduce such available tonnage to 60 tons in exchange for increasing the available tonnage to 100 tons with respect to Floors 35-36. Landlord’s charge for such condenser water is $552/ton per annum plus annual increases over a 1997 base year (Sup12 §14).

•    Floors 2, 8-14, 17 (part): Alliance was required to notify the Landlord of the amount of additional condenser water required by Alliance for its premises on Floors 2, 8-14 and 17 (part), which amount cannot exceed 20 tons, by August 31, 2002. Alliance begins paying for such condenser water upon use at a rate equal to $594.90 per ton per annum increased annually from 2001 at the same percentage rate that building operating expenses increase (Sup16 §10(b)).

•    Floors 31 (part) - 34, 40, 41: We have been advised by Judd S. Meltzer Co. Inc. that Alliance has exercised its right to have Landlord supply Alliance with 250 tons condenser water for use in supplemental air conditioning units on Floors 31 (part)-34 or 40, 41 at a cost $250/ton/yr for the first 250 tons/yr and $500/ton/yr (plus annual increases over the 1994 expenses base year). Any condenser water already being provided for Floors 31(part)-34 and 40, 41 are included in determining such rates. Alliance pays for the condenser water that Landlord has agreed to commit to Alliance, regardless of whether Alliance actually uses it (Sup9 §24(f)).

•    Floors 35-36: Alliance may purchase up to 60 tons (in the aggregate) of condenser water for use in connection with its supplemental air-conditioning on the 35^th and 36^th floors. We have been advised, however, by Judd S. Meltzer Co. Inc. that Landlord has agreed to increase such available tonnage to 100 tons in exchange for reducing the available tonnage of additional condenser water to 60 tons with respect to Floors 15-16. Alliance must reserve the condenser water it wishes to purchase by February 8, 2001 (in respect of the 35^th floor) and December 31, 2001 (in respect of the 36^th floor) Landlord’s charge for such condenser water is $568.35/ton per annum plus annual increases over a 1999 base year (Sup14 §13(b)).

Standards:

•    indoor conditions to be 75° 50% RH when outdoor conditions are 92° DB and 74° WB; indoor conditions to be 70° when outdoor conditions are 11°

•    outdoor air at a minimum of 20 cfm per person

assumes occupancy of 1 person per 100 usf, electric demand load of 5 watts per usf, and appropriate use of blinds (Sup9 §24(c)(ii)).

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Water:	Landlord is required to supply an adequate quantity for ordinary lavatory, drinking, cleaning and pantry purposes. Water consumed for any additional purposes is subject to charge therefor and, separate metering. Alliance is subject to charge and separate metering for water used for any additional purposes.
Housekeeping Supplies:	Landlord must approve, in its reasonable discretion, suppliers of laundry, linen, towels, drinking water, ice and similar supplies to be consumed in the demised premises. Landlord may designate exclusive suppliers of any such supply provided that such suppliers’ rates and quality are comparable to other suppliers (orig. §32.05).
Food & Beverages:	Landlordmust approve, in its reasonable discretion any vendor of food or beverages to be consumed in the demised premises (orig. §32.06).
Cleaning:	See page 21.
Building Directory and Concierge:	Alliance is provided with its proportionate share (based upon the same percentage used in calculating Alliance’s share of operating expense escalations) of listings for itself, and any other person or entity in occupancy of the demised premises and their employees. Landlord may reduce the number of such listings provided that Alliance always has its share in proportion to the space it occupies in the building (Sup6 §23). So long as Alliance and its affiliates are in occupancy of at least 200,000 rsf, Alliance, at no additional cost, is permitted to station 1 or, if practicable, 2 of its employees at the lobby’s concierge desk with a telephone, an employee telephone directory, guest passes and an identifying sign (Sup9 §10(f)).
Signage and Flag:	So long as Alliance and its affiliates are in occupancy of at least 200,000 rsf, Alliance has exclusive right to name the building after itself or, subject to Landlord’s consent, any of its affiliates, and Alliance has the right to install signage with its name and logo: •    above the lobby entrance (which may be illuminated subject to Landlord’s reasonable approval, but not neon, and provided that any other exterior signage is subject to Alliance’s approval), •    on the building plaza kiosks (with signage for the building’s retail tenants on such kiosks subject to Alliance’s reasonable approval and any other kiosk signage or retail signage subject to Alliance’s approval), •    behind the lobby concierge desk (which may be illuminated subject to Landlord’s reasonable approval, but not neon, and which will be the only sign behind the lobby concierge desk, although Landlord may install less prominent signage for other tenants elsewhere in the lobby subject to Alliance’s reasonable approval), and •    place “tombstone” signs on the building plaza If occupancy decreases to less than 200,000, Landlord may remove Alliance’s signage (Sup9 §10(a)). Landlord has reasonable approval rights as to the design and location of Alliance’s signage. All installation, maintenance and removal work relating to Alliance’s signage will be performed by Landlord at Alliance’s reasonable expense (Sup9 §10(b)). So long as Alliance and its affiliates are in occupancy of at least 200,000 rsf, Alliance may fly a flag bearing its name and logo, the design of which is subject to landlord’s reasonable approval, from a flagpole on the building plaza. No other flagpole may be installed on the building plaza without Alliance’s approval (Sup9 §10(d)). Landlord is prohibited from installing any signage in the area of the lobby’s upper elevator bank for an Alliance competitor occupying Floors 46-50, or a majority thereof (Sup13 §19(d)).
General Contractor:	Landlord’s affiliate will act as general contractor for any alteration work performed anywhere in the demised premises for one year after Landlord delivers the 2nd and 8th- 14th floors to Alliance following substantial completion of Landlord’s work thereon, for a fee not to exceed 6% of the aggregate cost of such work (Sup15 §6(a)). Alliance and Plaza Construction Corp., Landlord's affiliate, have subsequently entered into that certain Master Agreement dated January 27, 2004 pursuant to which Plaza Construction Corp. will provide construction management services to Alliance in respect of construction projects at the building.

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Parking:	37 spaces in the building garage at the garage’s standard rates and terms, but the first 25 are at a 10% discount if Alliance reserved such spaces before the Sup9 Adjustment Date (Sup9 §18; Sup12 §12). Landlord’s parking obligations continue so long as Landlord is the garage operator or so long as the garage is generally available to building tenants (Sup15 §22).
Allowances and Credits:	The following allowances and credit may have been used or applied: 10th Floor: $130,000 credit against fixed annual rent due from and after Floor 10 is included in the demised premises (Sup19 §9). 15th Floor: $987,725 for tenant’s initial fit-out and professional fees relating thereto. Any portion not used for such purposes is credited against fixed annual rent (Sup12 §6(b)).
	16th Floor: $987,725 for cost of initial fit out and professional fees relating thereto. Any portion not used for such purposes is credited against fixed annual rent (Sup12 §6(c)).

33

CASUALTY/CONDEMNATION

Casualty:

In case of casualty, Landlord is required to restore the building and/or the demised premises (other than property installed by or on behalf of Alliance). Fixed annual rent and additional rent is abated to the extent that the demised premises or a portion thereof are unrentable and are not occupied by Alliance for the conduct of its business. In case of substantial casualty affecting the demised premises, Alliance may terminate the lease if Landlord’s restoration is not completed within 1 year, subject to extension of up to an additional 6 months for circumstances beyond Landlord’s reasonable control. (orig. §13.01). In case the building or the demised premises are substantially damaged in the last 2 years of the term, either Landlord or Alliance may cancel the lease upon notice given within 60 days of such casualty (orig. §13.02). Landlord may terminate the lease upon 30 days’ notice given within 120 days of a casualty that so damages the building that Landlord decides to demolish it or not rebuild it (orig. §13.03).

Condemnation:

In case of a total condemnation of the demised premises, the lease terminates (orig. §14.01). In case of a condemnation other than a total condemnation of the demised premises, the lease will continue, but fixed annual rent and additional rent, will be abated proportionately, provided that if more than 25% of the demised premises is condemned, Alliance may terminate the lease upon 30 days notice given within 30 days after such condemnation (orig. §14.02). Landlord is required to repair any damage caused by such condemnation (orig. §14.02). In case of a condemnation of more than 25% of the demised premises, Landlord will, to the extent of the condemnation award, repair damage caused by such condemnation within 6 months of the condemnation, as such period may be extended due to force majeure. If Landlord fails to complete repairs within 6 months, as extended due to force majeure, Alliance may terminate upon 30 days’ notice (orig. §14.04). In case of any partial condemnation within the last 2 years of the term, either party may terminate the lease within 32 days of the condemnation upon 30 days notice (orig. §14.04). In case of a temporary taking of all or part of the of the demised premises, there will be no abatement of rent, but Alliance is entitled to any condemnation award and if such temporary taking occurs in the last 3 years of the terms, Alliance may terminate the lease upon 30 days’ notice given within the 30 days of title vesting in such condemnation (orig. §14.05).

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ASSIGNMENT/SUBLETTING

Subletting the demised premises, assigning the Lease, allowing others to use the demised premises, and advertising for a subtenant or assignee are not permitted without the consent of Landlord (§15.01), which consent will not unreasonably be withheld (§15.05) except with regard to the ground floor portion of the demised premises. Landlord has no recapture rights. Alliance may, without Landlord’s consent, assign or sublet to a corporation into or with which Alliance is merged, with an entity to which substantially all of Alliance’s assets are transferred, or to an entity which controls or is controlled by Alliance or is under common control with Alliance, subject to a net worth test (§15.02). Also, Alliance may, without Landlord’s consent, permit an affiliate (defined as “an entity which controls or is controlled by Alliance or is under common control with Alliance”) to occupy all or a portion of the premises (orig. §15.08). Any permitted assignment or sublease will not be effective until Alliance delivers to Landlord a recordable sublease or assignment agreement reasonably satisfactory to Landlord pursuant to which the subtenant or assignee assumes all of Alliance’s obligations under the Lease. Alliance will remain fully liable under the lease for the payment of rent and the performance of all of Alliance’s other obligations under the Lease notwithstanding any such assignment or sublease (orig. §15.03).

Landlord’s Consent to assignment or sub-subletting by an assignee or subtenant:

Landlord’s consent will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, provided that such further assignment or sub-sublease is subject to all of the other terms and conditions of the Lease regarding assignment and subletting (Sup7 §12(b)).

35

Profits: If Alliance assigns the lease or sublets any portion of the demised premises other than to a corporation into which Alliance is merged or consolidated, or to which Alliance’s assets are transferred or to any entity which controls or is controlled by Alliance or is under common control with Alliance, then Alliance will pay Landlord 50% of any profits after first deducting reasonable expenses incurred in connection with such assignment/sublease amortized on a straight line basis over the balance of the lease term (in case of an assignment) or over the term of the sublease (in case of a sublease) (orig. §15.07). For the first 50% of rsf of demised premises other than ground floor space (including Floors 2 and 8-14 after such floors are delivered to Alliance (Sup15 §19(a)) assigned or sublet by Alliance, Alliance will have the right to deduct as such a reasonable expense a “Tenant Improvement Deduction”, determined as of the commencement date of such sublease or assignment, and calculated as follows: ((A/2 – B) ÷ C) x D, where A = amortized value of Alliance leasehold improvements (regardless of whether paid for with tenant allowance) based upon the average value of Alliance’s unamortized leasehold improvements on a per rentable square foot basis for all of the demised premises other than any concourse space (Sup15 §19(b) or ground floor space (Sup20 §2(a)), amortized on a straight line basis from completion date until 10/31/09 (if located on Floors 37-39 and completed prior to 8/16/94 and such calculation is being made prior to the delivery of Floors 2 and 8-14 (Sup15 §19(a))) or the lease expiration date (in all other cases) B = total landlord cash contribution or allowance to Alliance for leasehold improvements under the lease, C = total rsf of the demised premises, and D = rsf of the space being sublet or assigned. (Sup9 §13(d)) In determining profits, Alliance is permitted to take into account its electricity expenses under the lease and cleaning expenses (whether under separate agreement with Landlord’s contractor or pursuant to the lease) (Sup9 §13(d)), and its rental cost for the space being sublet or assigned will be determined using an average, on a rentable square foot basis, of its rental cost for the entire demised premises other than any concourse space or ground floor space (Sup20 §2(b)) except with respect to any sublease or assignment of the 2^nd, 8^th-14^th or 17^th (part) floors made before Alliance ever occupies such space (which is the case for Floor 10 (Sup19 §6(b)) in which case Alliance’s rental cost will be based on its actual rental without including any deduction for unamortized tenant improvements (Sup15 §19(d); Sup16 §12, Sup17 §11; Sup18 §11). If Alliance subleases any part of Floors 2 and 8-14 or assigns the Lease with respect thereto after first occupying such space, then Alliance will have the right to take a “Tenant Improvement Deduction” as provided above.

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RIGHTS TO ADDITIONAL SPACE

Except as noted below, all of the following rights are subject to the condition that Alliance and its affiliates are occupying at least 200,000 rsf of the building and to the condition that Alliance is not in default beyond the expiration of applicable notice and cure periods under any of the terms, provisions and conditions of the Lease.

Ground Floor:	Alliance has the right of first offer to lease all or a portion of the space occupied by European American Bank as of August 16, 1994, upon such space (or portion thereof) becoming available, at 95% of fair market rent (as determined by Landlord but subject to a specified arbitration process if Landlord and Alliance cannot agree within 60 days of Alliance’s acceptance of the offer) (Sup9 §14(a)). So long as Alliance and its affiliates occupy at least 200,000 rsf of the building, Landlord is restricted from leasing such space to a competitor of Alliance (Sup9 §14(a)(ii)). This right of first offer is not subject to the condition that Alliance not be in default beyond the expiration of applicable notice and cure periods under any of the terms, provisions and conditions of the Lease.
24th and 25th Floors:	[Note: The 24th and the 25th floors are currently used for the building’s mechanical equipment and are not leased to tenants.]
26th, 27th and 28th Floors:	Subject to the superior rights (as of 8/16/94) of any then-existing tenant or occupant of the building and the superior rights of any tenant that leases floors 26 through 28, Alliance has the right of first offer to lease, at fair market rent (as determined by Landlord but subject to a specified arbitration process if Landlord and Alliance cannot agree within 60 days of Alliance’s acceptance of the offer), the 26th, 27th and 28th floors (or a portion of any such floor, if offered to Alliance as a partial floor), upon availability (Sup9 §14(c)). We have been advised by Judd S. Meltzer Co. Inc. that this space is presently leased to Avon pursuant to a lease which expires on October 31, 2016 and that Avon has three 5-year extension options which are superior to Alliance’s right of first offer.
29th Floor:	Subject to the superior rights (as of 8/16/94) of any then-existing tenant or occupant of the building and the superior rights of any tenant that leases floors 26 through 28, Alliance has the right of first offer to lease, at fair market rent (as determined by Landlord but subject to a specified arbitration process if Landlord and Alliance cannot agree within 60 days of Alliance’s acceptance of the offer), the 29th floor (or a portion thereof, if offered to Alliance as a partial floor), upon availability (Sup9 §14(c)). We have been advised by Judd S. Meltzer Co. Inc. that this space is presently leased to Dean Witter pursuant to a lease which expires on February 28, 2005 and that Avon has superior rights to this right of first offer.
30thFloor:	Subject to the superior rights (as of 8/16/94) of any then-existing tenant or occupant of the building and the superior rights of any tenant that leases floors 26 through 28, Alliance has the right of first offer to lease, at fair market rent (as determined by Landlord but subject to a specified arbitration process if Landlord and Alliance cannot agree within 60 days of Alliance’s acceptance of the offer), the 30th floor (or a portion of any such floor, if offered to Alliance as a partial floor), upon availability (Sup9 §14(c)). We have been advised by Judd S. Meltzer Co. Inc. that this space is presently leased to Rubenstein pursuant to a lease which expires on December 31, 2009 and that Rubenstein has one 5-year extension option which may be preempted by Alliance.
46th through 50th Floors:	Subject to the superior rights (as of 8/16/94) of any then-existing tenant or occupant of the building and the superior rights of any tenant that leases floors 26 through 28, Alliance has the right of first offer to lease, at fair market rent (as determined by Landlord but subject to a specified arbitration process if Landlord and Alliance cannot agree within 60 days of Alliance’s acceptance of the offer), the 49th and 50th floors (or a portion of any such floor, if offered to Alliance as a partial floor), upon availability (Sup9 §14(c)). This right of first offer also applies to the 46th through48th floors (Sup10 §4(b); Sup14 §16). We have been advised by Judd S. Meltzer Co. Inc. that this space is presently leased to Pimco pursuant to a lease which expires on December 31, 2016 and that there are no superior rights to this right of first offer.

37

All other space: We have been advised by Judd S. Meltzer Co. Inc. that the companies listed below have leased the floors under leases expiring as follows: Tenant Floor(s) Lease Expiration Arthur Andersen 3 through 7 04/30/04
Linklaters 19 11/30/13
Stern Stewart 20 04/30/08
Smith Barney 21 and 22 04/30/05
Nichimen 23 04/30/12 Alliance has the right of first offer to lease all other space in the building it does not already lease or that is not subject to another of Alliance’s rights of first offer, upon availability, at fair market rent (as determined by landlord but subject to a specified arbitration process if Landlord and Alliance cannot agree within 60 days of Alliance’s acceptance of the offer) (Sup15 §9(a)(1); Sup16 §14). This right of first offer is subject to the conditions that Alliance and its affiliates are in occupancy of at least 400,000 rsf and is subject to any rights of first offer or refusal held by any other building occupant or tenant existing as of August 3, 2000 (Sup15 §9(a)(i) and (ii)). (Note: We have been advised by Judd S. Meltzer Co. Inc. that the following superior rights exist: Linklaters has two 5-year extension options with respect to the 19^th floor, Smith Barney has one 5-year extension option with respect to the 21^st and 22^nd floors; Nichimen has one 5-year extension option with respect to the 23^rd floor and Avon has rights to the 23^rd floor.) Alliance may not exercise such right of first offer during the last 10 years of the term unless (i) Alliance simultaneously extends the lease term pursuant to the Lease, or (ii) such offer is made during the period beginning 10 years before the expiration date and ending 5 years before the expiration date and is for 2 or fewer floors (provided that if it is for more than 2 floors and Alliance wishes to accept the offer, Alliance must accept Landlord’s terms (including, perhaps, a non-coterminous expiration date) for those excess floors) (15 Sup, §9(a)(iii)(7)).

38

DEFAULT AND LANDLORD REMEDIES

Events of Default:	Landlord may terminate the lease upon 10 days’ notice if:
	(i) Alliance fails to pay fixed annual rent or any other lease payment within 10 days after notice from Landlord of such failure;
	(ii) Alliance fails to cure its default under any of its other obligations under the lease, or fails to re-occupy the demised premises after abandoning the demised premises, within 30 days after notice from Landlord (reduced to 5 days in case of default under Alliance’s obligation to use the demised premises in conformance with the certificate of occupancy or Alliance’s failure to provide an estoppel), but if such default cannot be cured within such period, such period is extended as necessary to permit Alliance with diligence and good faith, to cure such default; or
	(iii) an execution or attachment against Alliance or its property results in a party other than Alliance continuing to occupy the demised premises after 30 days’ notice from Landlord (orig. §19.01).
	Upon termination, Landlord may re-enter the demised premises and dispossess Alliance (orig. §19.02).
	Alliance’s obligation to pay fixed annual rent and additional rent survives any termination of the lease due to Alliance’s default (orig. §19.03). Upon such termination, Alliance will pay landlord re-letting expenses and at Landlord’s option, either a lump sum representing the present value of the excess of Alliance’s combined fixed annual rent and additional rent over the rental value for the terminated portion of the term, or on a monthly basis the excess of Alliance’s combined fixed annual rent and additional rent over the rent received from any re-letting of the demised premises for the period representing the terminated lease term (orig. §20.01).
Landlord’s Right to Cure:	If Alliance fails to cure a default within any applicable grace period after notice of such default (provided that no notice is required in case of emergency), then Landlord may cure such default and bill Alliance for the cost of such cure, which bill will be due upon receipt (orig. §21.01).
Right to Contest:	Alliance may contest any law that Alliance is obligated to comply with under the lease and compliance thereunder, provided that: (a) such non-compliance will not subject Landlord to criminal prosecution or subject the building to lien or sale; (b) such non-compliance does not violate any fee mortgage, ground lease or leasehold mortgage thereon; (c) Alliance will deliver a bond or other security to Landlord; and (d) Alliance will diligently prosecute such contest.
Arbitration:	Where arbitration is required by the lease, unless otherwise expressly provided, the arbitration will be in New York City in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association and the lease, and judgment may be entered in any court having jurisdiction (orig. §33.01).
Limits on Alliance’s Remedies:	Alliance cannot, in response to Landlord’s act or omission, terminate the lease or set-off rent before giving any ground lessor or mortgagee of the fee or ground leasehold estate for which Alliance has been given an address notice of such act or omission and a reasonable period of time to cure. Such ground lessor or mortgagee, however, has no obligation to cure such act or omission.

39

ACCESS

Landlord:

Landlord may enter the demised premises to perform alteration work, to inspect the demised premises or to exhibit the demised premises to prospective purchasers, mortgagees or lessors of the building and (during the last 6 months of the term) to prospective lessees of the demised premises, provided that Landlord provides Alliance advance notice (which may be oral) of such entry (orig. §16.01). Landlord will exercise reasonable diligence so as to minimize the disturbance (orig. §16.01).

Carter-Wallace, Inc.

Carter-Wallace, Inc. is allowed, once a month upon reasonable notice during business hours, access in the vicinity of column 63 on the northeast side of the 41st floor to service a humidifier, provided that Carter-Wallace, Inc. will move such portion of humidifier off the 41st floor if Alliance reasonably requires Carter-Wallace, Inc. to do so as part of Alliance’s alteration work on the 41st floor (LTR1, par 2).

40

NOTICES

All notices required to be given by the lease or by law are required to be in writing. Notices, which are required to be sent by certified or registered mail, are deemed sent by the sender and received by the recipient when deposited in the exclusive care and custody of the U.S. mail. Notices to Landlord are to be addressed as follows:

   1345 Leasehold Limited Partnership
c/o Fisher Brothers
299 Park Avenue
New York, New York

with a copy to:

   Fisher Brothers
299 Park Avenue
New York, New York
Attn: General Counsel

(orig. §31.01)

ablegal – 3219509 v1

41

EX-10.08

Guidelines for Transfer of AllianceBernstein L.P. Units

No transfer of ownership of the units of AllianceBernstein L.P. (the private partnership) is permitted without prior approval of AllianceBernstein and AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (“AXA Equitable”).

Under the terms of the Transfer Program, transfers of ownership will be considered once every calendar quarter.

To sell your Units to a third party:

• You must first identify the buyer for your Units. AllianceBernstein cannot maintain a list of prospective buyers.

• The unitholder and the prospective buyer must submit a request for transfer of ownership of the Units and obtain approval of AllianceBernstein and AXA Equitable for the transaction.

• Documentation required for consideration of approval includes:

• Unit Certificate(s)

• Executed “Stock” Power Form, with guaranteed signature

• Letter from Seller

• Letter from Purchaser

To have private Units re-registered to your name if they have been left to you by a deceased party:

• The beneficiary must obtain approval of AllianceBernstein and AXA Equitable for the transfer of units.

• Documentation required for consideration of approval includes:

• Unit Certificate(s)

• Executed “Stock” Power Form, with guaranteed signature

• Copy of death certificate

• Required Inheritance Tax Waiver for applicable states

• Additional required documentation (which varies by state) should be verified with AllianceBernstein’s transfer agent, Computershare, at 866-737-9896 and www.computershare.com/investor.

To donate the Units:

• The donor must obtain approval of AllianceBernstein and AXA Equitable for the transfer of units.

• Documentation required for consideration of approval includes:

• Unit Certificate(s)

• Executed “Stock” Power Form, with guaranteed signature

• Letter from Transferee

• Additional required documentation should be verified with AllianceBernstein’s transfer agent, Computershare, at 866-737-9896 and www.computershare.com/investor.

To re-register your certificate to reflect a legal change of name or change in custodian:

• The unitholder must obtain approval of AllianceBernstein and AXA Equitable for the change of name/registration on the unit certificate.

• Documentation required for consideration of approval includes:

• Unit Certificate(s)

• Executed “Stock” Power Form, with guaranteed signature

• Specific instruction letter indicating the manner in which the new unit certificate should be registered

• Additional required documentation should be verified with AllianceBernstein’s transfer agent, Computershare, at 866-737-9896 and www.computershare.com/investor.

Once AllianceBernstein and AXA Equitable approve the transfer request, AllianceBernstein will inform you of the approval and begin processing the transfer.

You should not begin to prepare necessary documentation until you have contacted:

David Lesser

Legal and Compliance Department – Transfer Program

AllianceBernstein L.P.

1345 Avenue of the Americas

New York, NY 10105

Phone: (212) 969-1429

Email: david.lesser@abglobal.com

ablegal - 3224755 v1

EX-12.01

Exhibit 12.01
AllianceBernstein L.P.
Consolidated Ratio Of Earnings To Fixed Charges
	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Fixed Charges:
Interest Expense	$	4,765	$	3,119	$	2,797
Estimate of Interest Component In Rent Expense (1)	-		-		-
Total Fixed Charges	$	4,765	$	3,119	$	2,797
Earnings:
Income Before Income Taxes and Non-Controlling	$	715,265	$	631,099	$	608,621
Interest in Earnings of Consolidated Entities
Other	2,515		7,727		1,379
Fixed Charges	4,765		3,119		2,797
Total Earnings	$	722,545	$	641,945	$	612,797
Consolidated Ratio Of Earnings To Fixed Charges	151.64		205.82		219.09
(1) AllianceBernstein L.P. has not entered into financing leases during these periods.

EX-21.01

SUBSIDIARIES OF

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.

Each of the entities listed below are wholly-owned subsidiaries of AllianceBernstein, unless a specific percentage ownership is indicated:

AllianceBernstein International LLC

(Delaware)

AB Trust Company, LLC

(New Hampshire)

AllianceBernstein Corporation of Delaware

(Delaware)

AllianceBernstein Holdings (Cayman) Ltd.

(Cayman Islands)

Alliance Capital Management LLC

(Delaware)    

Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC

(Delaware)

AllianceBernstein Real Estate Investments LLC

(Delaware)

AB Private Credit Investors LLC

(Delaware)

AB Custom Alternative Solutions LLC

(Delaware)

AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc.

(Delaware)

AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc.

(Delaware)

AllianceBernstein Global Derivatives Corporation

(Delaware)

AllianceBernstein Oceanic Corporation

(Delaware)

AllianceBernstein Japan Inc.

(Delaware)

AllianceBernstein Canada, Inc.

(Canada)

Sanford C. Bernstein (Canada) Limited

(Canada)

AllianceBernstein (Mexico), S. de R.L. de C.V.

(Mexico)

AllianceBernstein Administradora de Carteiras (Brasil) Ltda.

(Brazil)

AllianceBernstein (Argentina) S.R.L.

(Argentina)

AllianceBernstein Holdings Limited

(U.K.)

AllianceBernstein Preferred Limited

(U.K.)

AllianceBernstein Limited

(U.K.)

AllianceBernstein Services Limited

(U.K.)

Sanford C. Bernstein Limited

(U.K.)

Sanford C. Bernstein (CREST Nominees) Limited

(U.K.)

Sanford C. Bernstein (Schweiz) GmbH

(Switzerland)

CPH Capital Fondsmaeglerselskab A/S

(Denmark; 90.4%-owned)

AllianceBernstein Schweiz AG

(Switzerland)

AllianceBernstein (Luxembourg) S.a.r.l

(Luxembourg)

AllianceBernstein (France) SAS

(France)

AB Europe GmbH

(Germany)

AB Bernstein Israel Ltd.

(Israel)

AllianceBernstein Japan Ltd.

(Japan)

AllianceBernstein Hong Kong Limited

(Hong Kong)

Sanford C. Bernstein (Hong Kong) Limited

(Hong Kong)

AllianceBernstein Asset Management (Korea) Ltd.

(South Korea)

AllianceBernstein Investment Research (Proprietary) Limited

(South Africa; 80%-owned)

AllianceBernstein Investment Management Australia Limited

(Australia)

AllianceBernstein Australia Limited

(Australia)

AllianceBernstein (Singapore) Ltd.

(Singapore)

AllianceBernstein Investments Taiwan Limited

(Taiwan)

AB (Shanghai) Investment Consulting Co., Ltd.

(China)

Alliance Capital (Mauritius) Private Limited

(Mauritius)

AllianceBernstein Investment Research and Management (India) Private Ltd.

(India)

ACAM Trust Company Private Ltd.

(India)

Alliance Capital Asset Management (India) Private Ltd.

(India; 75%-owned)

W.P. Stewart & Co., LLC

(Delaware)

WPS Advisors, LLC

(Delaware)

W.P. Stewart Asset Management LLC

(Delaware)

W.P. Stewart & Co. (Europe), Ltd.

(U.K.)

W.P. Stewart Asset Management (NA), LLC

(New York)

W.P. Stewart Securities LLC

(Delaware)

W.P. Stewart Fund Management, S.A.

(Luxembourg)

ablegal - 3224764 v1

EX-23.01

EXHIBIT 23.01

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S‑8 (No. 333-47192) of AllianceBernstein L.P. of our report dated February 14, 2017 relating to the financial statements, financial statement schedules and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10‑K.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

New York, New York

February 14, 2017

EX-31.01

Exhibit 31.01 

I, Peter S. Kraus, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of AllianceBernstein L.P.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 14, 2017	/s/ Peter S. Kraus
	Peter S. Kraus
	Chief Executive Officer
	AllianceBernstein L.P.

EX-31.02

Exhibit 31.02 

I, John C. Weisenseel, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of AllianceBernstein L.P.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 14, 2017	/s/ John C. Weisenseel
	John C. Weisenseel
	Chief Financial Officer
	AllianceBernstein L.P.

EX-32.01

Exhibit 32.01 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of AllianceBernstein L.P. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2016 to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about February 14, 2017 (the “Report”), I, Peter S. Kraus, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, for the purpose of complying with Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: February 14, 2017	/s/ Peter S. Kraus
	Peter S. Kraus
	Chief Executive Officer
	AllianceBernstein L.P.

EX-32.02

Exhibit 32.02

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of AllianceBernstein L.P. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2016 to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about February 14, 2017 (the “Report”), I, John C. Weisenseel, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, for the purpose of complying with Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: February 14, 2017	/s/ John C. Weisenseel
	John C. Weisenseel
	Chief Financial Officer
	AllianceBernstein L.P.

XML

Document and Entity Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) shares
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.
Entity Central Index Key	0001109448
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Public Float | $	$ 0
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | shares	268,893,534
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2016
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2016

XML

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 656,985
Cash and cash equivalents	994,510	$ 541,483
Cash and securities segregated, at fair value (cost $946,093 and $565,264)	946,097	565,274
Receivables, net:
Brokers and dealers	335,686	411,174
Brokerage clients	1,513,656	1,328,406
Fees	270,373	257,091
Investments:
Long-term incentive compensation-related	67,761	78,154
Other	396,570	591,646
Other assets	195,615	210,546
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	159,564	160,360
Goodwill	3,066,700	3,044,807
Intangible assets, net	134,606	145,710
Deferred sales commissions, net	63,890	99,070
Total assets	8,740,448	7,433,721
Payables:
Brokers and dealers	239,578	191,990
Securities sold not yet purchased	40,944	16,097
Brokerage clients	2,360,481	1,715,096
AB mutual funds	150,939	137,886
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	430,569	507,449
Accrued compensation and benefits	251,019	253,079
Debt	512,970	581,700
Total liabilities	4,279,300	3,403,297
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 13)
Redeemable non-controlling interest	392,959	13,203
Capital:
General Partner	41,100	40,498
Limited partners: 268,893,534 and 272,301,827 units issued and outstanding	4,154,810	4,091,433
Receivables from affiliates	(12,830)	(14,498)
AB Holding Units held for long-term incentive compensation plans	(32,967)	(29,332)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(118,096)	(95,353)
Partners’ capital attributable to AB Unitholders	4,032,017	3,992,748
Non-redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated entities	36,172	24,473
Total capital	4,068,189	4,017,221
Total liabilities and capital	8,740,448	7,433,721
VIEs Consolidated [Member]
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	337,525	0
Investments:
Investments	550,850	0
Other assets	44,570	0
Payables:
Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities	$ 292,800	$ 0

XML

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
ASSETS
Cash and securities segregated, at cost	$ 946,093	$ 565,264
Capital:
Limited partners units issued (in units)	268,893,534	272,301,827
Limited partners, units outstanding (in units)	268,893,534	272,301,827

XML

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Revenues:
Investment advisory and services fees	$ 1,933,471	$ 1,973,837	$ 1,958,250
Bernstein research services	479,875	493,463	482,538
Distribution revenues	384,405	427,156	444,970
Dividend and interest income	36,702	24,872	22,322
Investment gains (losses)	93,353	3,551	(9,076)
Other revenues	110,096	101,169	108,788
Total revenues	3,037,902	3,024,048	3,007,792
Less: Interest expense	9,123	3,321	2,426
Net revenues	3,028,779	3,020,727	3,005,366
Expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits	1,229,721	1,267,926	1,265,664
Promotion and servicing:
Distribution-related payments	371,607	393,033	413,054
Amortization of deferred sales commissions	41,066	49,145	41,508
Trade execution, marketing, T&E and other	208,538	223,415	224,576
General and administrative:
General and administrative	426,147	431,635	426,960
Real estate charges	17,704	998	52
Contingent payment arrangements	(20,245)	(5,441)	(2,782)
Interest on borrowings	4,765	3,119	2,797
Amortization of intangible assets	26,311	25,798	24,916
Total expenses	2,305,614	2,389,628	2,396,745
Operating income	723,165	631,099	608,621
Income tax	28,319	44,797	44,304
Net income	694,846	586,302	564,317
Net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	21,488	6,375	456
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$ 673,358	$ 579,927	$ 563,861
Net income per AB Unit:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 2.48	$ 2.11	$ 2.07
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 2.47	$ 2.10	$ 2.07

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 694,846	$ 586,302	$ 564,317
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, before reclassification and tax:	(19,849)	(15,396)	(20,872)
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) gains included in net income upon liquidation	(6)	1,542	0
Foreign currency translation adjustments, before tax	(19,843)	(16,938)	(20,872)
Income tax benefit	0	0	0
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(19,843)	(16,938)	(20,872)
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period	10	(357)	1,649
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) gains included in net income	(6)	1,256	19
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on investments	16	(1,613)	1,630
Income tax (expense) benefit	(7)	701	(766)
Unrealized gains (losses on investments, net of tax	9	(912)	864
Changes in employee benefit related items:
Amortization of prior service cost	93	(895)	(5,197)
Recognized actuarial (loss) gain	(3,043)	3,267	(19,656)
Changes in employee benefit related items	(2,950)	2,372	(24,853)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(22)	(165)	298
Employee benefit related items, net of tax	(2,972)	2,207	(24,555)
Other comprehensive (loss)	(22,806)	(15,643)	(44,563)
Less: Comprehensive income in consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	21,426	6,242	355
Comprehensive income attributable to AB Unitholders	$ 650,614	$ 564,417	$ 519,399

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Partners' Capital - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Receivables from Affiliates [Member]	AB Holding Units Held for Long-tem Incentive Compensation Plans [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]	Partners' Capital attributable to AB Unitholders [Member]	Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Entities [Member]	General Partner's Capital [Member]	Limited Partners' Capital [Member]
Balance, beginning of year at Dec. 31, 2013		$ (16,542)	$ (39,649)	$ (35,381)		$ 42,240	$ 40,137	$ 4,054,422
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	$ 564,317						5,639	558,222
Cash distributions							(5,732)	(566,616)
Long-term incentive compensation plans activity							92	8,929
(Retirement) issuance of AB Units, net			(93,457)				935	90,969
Other								0
Capital contributions from General Partner	2,300	2,325
Compensation plan accrual		(323)
Capital contributions from (to) AB Holding		(1,819)
Purchases of AB Holding Units to fund long-term compensation plans, net			(90,143)
Long-term incentive compensation awards expense			176,916
Re-valuation of AB Holding Units held in rabbi trust			9,982
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax				864
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(20,872)			(20,771)		(101)
Changes in employee benefit related items, net of tax				(24,555)
Net income	456					456
Distributions from (to) non-controlling interests of our consolidated venture capital fund activities						(12,199)
Balance, end of year at Dec. 31, 2014	4,084,840	(16,359)	(36,351)	(79,843)	$ 4,054,444	30,396	41,071	4,145,926
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	586,302						5,799	574,128
Cash distributions							(5,986)	(591,886)
Long-term incentive compensation plans activity							14	1,598
(Retirement) issuance of AB Units, net			40,028				(400)	(40,433)
Other								2,100
Capital contributions from General Partner	1,600	1,551
Compensation plan accrual		(187)
Capital contributions from (to) AB Holding		497
Purchases of AB Holding Units to fund long-term compensation plans, net			(216,970)
Long-term incentive compensation awards expense			176,040
Re-valuation of AB Holding Units held in rabbi trust			7,921
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax				(912)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(16,938)			(16,805)		(133)
Changes in employee benefit related items, net of tax				2,207
Net income	6,375					6,375
Distributions from (to) non-controlling interests of our consolidated venture capital fund activities						(12,165)
Balance, end of year at Dec. 31, 2015	4,017,221	(14,498)	(29,332)	(95,353)	3,992,748	24,473	40,498	4,091,433
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	694,846						6,733	666,625
Cash distributions							(5,384)	(532,180)
Long-term incentive compensation plans activity							58	5,802
(Retirement) issuance of AB Units, net			80,515				(805)	(80,084)
Other								3,214
Capital contributions from General Partner	1,200	1,200
Compensation plan accrual		313
Capital contributions from (to) AB Holding		155
Purchases of AB Holding Units to fund long-term compensation plans, net			(235,893)
Long-term incentive compensation awards expense			152,012
Re-valuation of AB Holding Units held in rabbi trust			(269)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax				9
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(19,843)			(19,780)		(63)
Changes in employee benefit related items, net of tax				(2,972)
Net income	21,488					11,398
Distributions from (to) non-controlling interests of our consolidated venture capital fund activities						364
Balance, end of year at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 4,068,189	$ (12,830)	$ (32,967)	$ (118,096)	$ 4,032,017	$ 36,172	$ 41,100	$ 4,154,810

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 694,846	$ 586,302	$ 564,317
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of deferred sales commissions	41,066	49,145	41,508
Non-cash long-term incentive compensation expense	152,162	176,160	176,636
Depreciation and other amortization	59,026	56,426	62,515
Unrealized (gains) losses on investments	(26,285)	29,281	13,343
Losses on real estate asset write-offs	5,456	0	429
Other, net	3,629	(2,888)	(1,819)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in segregated cash and securities	(380,823)	(88,997)	504,307
(Increase) in receivables	(295,677)	(121,985)	(444,536)
Decrease in investments	162,607	58,053	3,563
(Increase) in deferred sales commissions	(5,886)	(29,925)	(89,224)
Decrease (increase) in other assets	12,961	(42,690)	(6,375)
Increase (decrease) in payables	886,520	65,309	(85,226)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses	2,459	(32,372)	(58,066)
(Decrease) in accrued compensation and benefits	(3,238)	(34,645)	(51,283)
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,548,048	667,174	630,089
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investments	0	(168)	(492)
Proceeds from sales of investments	372	4,240	140
Purchases of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements	(36,728)	(30,217)	(25,433)
Proceeds from sales of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements	15	2	176
Purchase of intangible asset	(2,500)	0	0
Purchase of businesses, net of cash acquired	(20,541)	0	(60,610)
Net cash used in investing activities	(59,382)	(26,143)	(86,219)
Cash flows from financing activities:
(Repayment) issuance of commercial paper, net	(72,003)	93,867	219,818
(Decrease) increase in overdrafts payable	(84,512)	79,540	(38,967)
Distributions to General Partner and Unitholders	(537,564)	(597,872)	(572,348)
Redemptions of non-controlling interests of consolidated VIEs, net	364	(12,165)	(12,199)
Capital contributions from affiliates	1,000	2,041	511
Payments of contingent payment arrangements/purchase of shares	(1,006)	(5,027)	(759)
Additional investments by AB Holding with proceeds from exercise of compensatory options to buy AB Holding Units	6,108	9,233	18,955
Purchases of AB Holding Units to fund long-term incentive compensation plan awards, net	(235,893)	(213,484)	(90,143)
Purchases of AB Units	(374)	(805)	(1,553)
Other	(22)	(26)	(1,546)
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,061,278)	(644,698)	(478,231)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(10,178)	(10,353)	(20,027)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	417,210	(14,020)	45,612
Cash and cash equivalents as of beginning of the period	541,483	555,503	509,891
Cash and cash Equivalents		577,300
Cash and cash equivalents as of end of the period	994,510	541,483	555,503
Cash paid:
Interest paid	11,148	3,984	3,148
Income taxes paid	27,387	25,999	42,028
Non-cash investing activities:
Fair value of assets acquired	33,583	0	87,821
Fair value of liabilities assumed	1,149	0	1,342
Fair value of redeemable non-controlling interest recorded	0	0	16,504
Non-cash financing activities:
Payables recorded under contingent payment arrangements	11,893	0	9,365
VIEs Consolidated [Member]
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Unrealized (gains) losses on investments	(31,040)	0	0
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Consolidation of cash and cash equivalents of consolidated variable interest entities, net	358,534	0	0
Decrease in investments	(320,993)	0	0
Decrease (increase) in other assets	232,724	0	0
Cash flows from financing activities:
Redemptions of non-controlling interests of consolidated VIEs, net	(137,376)	0	$ 0
Cash and cash equivalents as of beginning of the period	0
Cash and cash equivalents as of end of the period	$ 337,525	$ 0

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Business Description and Organization

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business Description and Organization

Business Description and Organization

We provide research, diversified investment management and related services globally to a broad range of clients. Our principal services include:

• Institutional Services—servicing our institutional clients, including private and public pension plans, foundations and endowments, insurance companies, central banks and governments worldwide, and affiliates such as AXA and its subsidiaries, by means of separately-managed accounts, sub-advisory relationships, structured products, collective investment trusts, mutual funds, hedge funds and other investment vehicles.

• Retail Services—servicing our retail clients, primarily by means of retail mutual funds sponsored by AB or an affiliated company, sub-advisory relationships with mutual funds sponsored by third parties, separately-managed account programs sponsored by financial intermediaries worldwide and other investment vehicles.

• Private Wealth Management Services—servicing our private clients, including high-net-worth individuals and families, trusts and estates, charitable foundations, partnerships, private and family corporations, and other entities, by means of separately-managed accounts, hedge funds, mutual funds and other investment vehicles.

• Bernstein Research Services—servicing institutional investors, such as pension fund, hedge fund and mutual fund managers, seeking high-quality fundamental research, quantitative services and brokerage-related services in equities and listed options.

We also provide distribution, shareholder servicing, transfer agency services and administrative services to the mutual funds we sponsor.

Our high-quality, in-depth research is the foundation of our business. Our research disciplines include economic, fundamental equity, fixed income and quantitative research. In addition, we have experts focused on multi-asset strategies, wealth management and alternative investments.

We provide a broad range of investment services with expertise in:

• Actively-managed equity strategies, with global and regional portfolios across capitalization ranges and investment strategies, including value, growth and core equities;

• Actively-managed traditional and unconstrained fixed income strategies, including taxable and tax-exempt strategies;

• Passive management, including index and enhanced index strategies;

• Alternative investments, including hedge funds, fund of funds and private equity (e.g., direct real estate investing and direct lending); and

• Multi-asset solutions and services, including dynamic asset allocation, customized target-date funds and target-risk funds.

Our services span various investment disciplines, including market capitalization (e.g., large-, mid- and small-cap equities), term (e.g., long-, intermediate- and short-duration debt securities), and geographic location (e.g., U.S., international, global, emerging markets, regional and local), in major markets around the world.

As of December 31, 2016, AXA, a société anonyme organized under the laws of France and the holding company for the AXA Group, a worldwide leader in financial protection, through certain of its subsidiaries (“AXA and its subsidiaries”) owns approximately 1.5% of the issued and outstanding units representing assignments of beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests in AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding Units”).

As of December 31, 2016, the ownership structure of AB, expressed as a percentage of general and limited partnership interests, is as follows:

AXA and its subsidiaries	63.2	%
AB Holding	35.6
Unaffiliated holders	1.2
	100.0	%

AllianceBernstein Corporation (an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of AXA, “General Partner”) is the general partner of both AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding”) and AB. AllianceBernstein Corporation owns 100,000 general partnership units in AB Holding and a 1% general partnership interest in AB. Including both the general partnership and limited partnership interests in AB Holding and AB, AXA and its subsidiaries had an approximate 63.7% economic interest in AB as of December 31, 2016.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include AB and its majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries, and the consolidated entities that are considered to be variable interest entities ("VIEs") and for which AB is considered the primary beneficiary. Non-controlling interests on the consolidated statements of financial condition includes the portion of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds in which we do not have direct equity ownership. All significant inter-company transactions and balances among the consolidated entities have been eliminated.

Revision

During the third quarter of 2016, management determined that the frequency with which we settle our U.S. inter-company payable balances with foreign subsidiaries over the past several years created deemed dividends under Section 956 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended ("Section 956"). In the past, we funded our foreign subsidiaries as they required cash for their operations rather than pre-fund them each quarter, thereby reducing the inter-company balance to zero on a quarterly basis, as required by Section 956. As a result, we have been understating our income tax provision and income tax liability since 2010. We evaluated the aggregate effects of this error in our income tax provision and income tax liability to our previously issued financial statements in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 99 and No. 108 and, based upon quantitative and qualitative factors, have determined that the error was not material to our previously issued financial statements. However, the cumulative effect of this error would have been material to our third quarter 2016 financial results if recorded as an out-of-period adjustment in the third quarter of 2016. Accordingly, we revised our previously issued financial statements by recording a cumulative debit adjustment of $12.6 million to our January 1, 2012 partners' capital account and revised our consolidated statements of financial condition and consolidated statements of income from 2012 through the second quarter of 2016. We established an income tax liability, including interest and potential penalties, of $34.2 million as of December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the cumulative impact of the revision on partners’ capital in the statement of financial condition was $37.7 million, $31.0 million and $24.5 million, respectively. We revised our income tax provision, net income attributable to AB Unitholders, and basic and diluted net income per AB Unit reported in prior periods in the statements of income. The tables below reflect the revisions to these line items for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 presented in this Form 10-K:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Revised
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Income taxes	$	38,122	$	6,675		$	44,797
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	586,602		(6,675		)	579,927
Basic net income per AB Unit	2.14		(0.03		)	2.11
Diluted net income per AB Unit	2.13		(0.03		)	2.10

	Year Ended December 31, 2014
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Revised
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Income taxes	$	37,782	$	6,522		$	44,304
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	570,383		(6,522		)	563,861
Basic net income per AB Unit	2.10		(0.03		)	2.07
Diluted net income per AB Unit	2.09		(0.02		)	2.07

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entities Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which requires management to assess, on a quarterly basis, a company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. We adopted this standard on December 31, 2016. The adoption of this standard had no impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Consolidation – Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis ("ASU 2015-02"), which provides a new consolidation standard for evaluating: (i) limited partnerships and similar entities for consolidation, (ii) how decision maker or service provider fees affect the consolidation analysis, (iii) how interest held by related parties affects the consolidation analysis and (iv) how the consolidation analysis applies to certain investment funds. We adopted ASU 2015-02 using the modified retrospective method with an effective adoption date of January 1, 2016, which did not require the restatement of prior-year periods. The adoption of ASU 2015-02 resulted in the consolidation of certain investment funds that were not previously consolidated. These funds became consolidated VIEs because we are considered the party with both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. See Consolidation of VIEs below.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. This standard requires debt issuance costs be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability, consistent with the presentation of a debt discount. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2016 on a retrospective basis, which required the restatement of prior periods. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement: Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent). This standard removes the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value ("NAV") per share practical expedient. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2016 on a retrospective basis, which required the restatement of prior-period disclosures. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendment is effective retrospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017. Management currently is evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. We have not yet completed this analysis, but based on the analysis completed to date management does not expect the standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The amendment addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments and is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendment will result in a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption, except for one provision relating to equity securities without readily determinable fair values, which provision will be applied prospectively. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The amendment requires recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the statement of financial condition and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. Specifically, this guidance requires an operating lease lessee to recognize on the statement of financial condition a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. However, for leases with a term of twelve months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2018 and requires lessees to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements using a modified retrospective approach. Management currently is evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-07, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting. The amendment eliminates the current requirement for a retroactive adjustment and instead requires that the investor add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor's previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investment becomes qualified for equity method accounting. Additionally, the amendment requires that an entity that has an available-for-sale equity security that becomes qualified for the equity method of accounting recognize through earnings the unrealized holding gain or loss in accumulated other comprehensive income at the date the investment becomes qualified for use of the equity method. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2016 and should be applied prospectively as of the effective date of increases in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence that result in the adoption of the equity method. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The amendment includes provisions intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements, including income tax effects of share-based payments, minimum statutory tax withholding requirements and forfeitures. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2016 and may be applied using various transition approaches (prospective, retrospective and modified retrospective). The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). The amendment is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017 and should be applied using a retrospective transition method. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results or operations.

Consolidation of VIEs

As discussed above, we adopted ASU 2015-02 effective January 1, 2016.

For legal entities (company-sponsored investment funds) evaluated for consolidation, we first determine whether the fees we receive and the interests we hold qualify as a variable interest in the entity, including an evaluation of fees paid to us as a decision maker or service provider to the entity being evaluated. Fees received by us are not variable interests if (i) the fees are compensation for services provided and are commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services, (ii) the service arrangement includes only terms, conditions or amounts that are customarily present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm’s length, and (iii) our other economic interests in the entity held directly and indirectly through our related parties, as well as economic interests held by related parties under common control, would not absorb more than an insignificant amount of the entity’s losses or receive more than an insignificant amount of the entity’s benefits.

For those entities in which we have a variable interest, we perform an analysis to determine whether the entity is a VIE by considering whether the entity’s equity investment at risk is insufficient, whether the investors lack decision making rights proportional to their ownership percentage of the entity, and whether the investors lack the obligation to absorb an entity’s expected losses or the right to receive an entity’s expected income.

A VIE must be consolidated by its primary beneficiary, which generally is defined as the party that has a controlling financial interest in the VIE. We are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VIE if we have (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive income from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. For purposes of evaluating (ii) above, fees paid to us as a decision maker or service provider are excluded if the fees are compensation for services provided commensurate with the level of effort required to be performed and the arrangement includes only customary terms, conditions or amounts present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm’s length. The primary beneficiary evaluation generally is performed qualitatively based on all facts and circumstances, as well as quantitatively, as appropriate.

If we have a variable interest in an entity that is determined not to be a VIE, the entity is then evaluated for consolidation under the voting interest entity (“VOE”) model. For limited partnerships and similar entities, we are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VOE, and would be required to consolidate the entity, if we own a majority of the entity’s kick-out rights through voting limited partnership interests and limited partners do not hold substantive participating rights (or other rights that would indicate that we do not control the entity). For entities other than limited partnerships, we are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VOE if we own a majority voting interest in the entity.

The analysis performed regarding the determination of variable interests held, whether entities are VIEs or VOEs, and whether we have a controlling financial interest in such entities requires the exercise of judgment. The analysis is updated continuously as circumstances change or new entities are formed.

As a result of the adoption of ASU 2015-02, effective January 1, 2016, we consolidated three investment funds that were classified as VIEs in which we have a controlling financial interest. Ownership interests not held by us relating to these consolidated VIEs are included in redeemable non-controlling interest on the condensed consolidated statement of financial condition. In addition, effective January 1, 2016, we reclassified our consolidated private equity fund as a consolidated VIE, which had been consolidated as of December 31, 2015 under previous accounting guidance due to our controlling financial interest of a VOE. Ownership interests not held by us relating to this consolidated VIE, which is a closed-end fund, are included in non-controlling interest on the consolidated statement of financial condition.

During 2016, subsequent to the initial adoption of ASU 2015-02, we consolidated six additional investment funds that were classified as VIEs in which we have a controlling interest and deconsolidated a VIE of which we were no longer the primary beneficiary. The table below illustrates the summary balance sheet amounts related to these VIEs at their consolidation dates:

	January 1, 2016		Year Ended December 31, 2016
	ASU 2015-02 Adoption		VIEs Consolidated		VIEs De-consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,817	$	371,457	$	(12,923	)
Investments	215,175		85,381		(125,636		)
Other assets	13,871		23,473		(59,684		)
Total assets	$	264,863	$	480,311	$	(198,243	)
Liabilities	$	14,012	$	41,245	$	(60,332	)
Redeemable non-controlling interest	250,851		394,102		(137,911		)
Partners' capital	—		44,964		—
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and partners' capital	$	264,863	$	480,311	$	(198,243	)

As of December 31, 2016, the net assets of company-sponsored investment products that are non-consolidated VIEs are approximately $43.7 billion, and our maximum risk of loss is our investment of $13.0 million in these VIEs and advisory fee receivables from these VIEs, which are not material.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits, money market accounts, overnight commercial paper and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, the recorded value has been determined to approximate fair value. The majority of our consolidated VIEs' cash and cash equivalents is pledged as collateral for short equities.

Fees Receivable, Net

Fees receivable are shown net of allowances. An allowance for doubtful accounts related to investment advisory and services fees is determined through an analysis of the aging of receivables, assessments of collectability based on historical trends and other qualitative and quantitative factors, including our relationship with the client, the financial health (or ability to pay) of the client, current economic conditions and whether the account is active or closed. The allowance for doubtful accounts is not material to fees receivable.

Brokerage Transactions

Customers’ securities transactions are recorded on a settlement date basis, with related commission income and expenses reported on a trade date basis. Receivables from and payables to clients include amounts due on cash and margin transactions. Securities owned by customers are held as collateral for receivables; such collateral is not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. We have the ability by contract or custom to sell or re-pledge this collateral, and have done so at various times. As of December 31, 2016, there were no re-pledged securities. Principal securities transactions and related expenses are recorded on a trade date basis.

Securities borrowed and securities loaned by our broker-dealer subsidiaries are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced or received in connection with the transaction and are included in receivables from and payables to brokers and dealers in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Securities borrowed transactions require us to deposit cash collateral with the lender. With respect to securities loaned, we receive cash collateral from the borrower. See Note 8 for securities borrowed and loaned amounts recorded in our consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. The initial collateral advanced or received approximates or is greater than the fair value of securities borrowed or loaned. We monitor the fair value of the securities borrowed and loaned on a daily basis and request additional collateral or return excess collateral, as appropriate. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, there is no allowance provision required for the collateral advanced. Income or expense is recognized over the life of the transaction.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $41.7 million and $81.4 million, respectively, of cash on deposit with clearing organizations for trade facilitation purposes. In addition, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we held U.S. Treasury Bills with values totaling $28.9 million and $24.9 million, respectively, in our investment account that are pledged as collateral with clearing organizations. These clearing organizations have the ability by contract or custom to sell or re-pledge this collateral.

Investments

Investments include U.S. Treasury Bills, unconsolidated mutual funds and limited partnership hedge funds we sponsor and manage, various separately-managed portfolios consisting of equity and fixed income securities, exchange-traded options and investments owned by a consolidated venture capital fund in which we own a controlling interest as the general partner and a 10% limited partnership interest.

Investments in U.S. Treasury Bills, mutual funds, and equity and fixed income securities are classified as either trading or available-for-sale securities. Trading investments are stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income. Available-for-sale investments are stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in partners’ capital. Realized gains and losses on the sale of investments are reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income. Average cost is used to determine realized gain or loss on investments sold.

We use the equity method of accounting for investments in limited partnership hedge funds. The equity in earnings of our limited partnership hedge fund investments is reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income.

The investments owned by our consolidated venture capital fund generally are illiquid and initially are valued at cost. These investments are adjusted to fair value to reflect the occurrence of “significant developments” (i.e., capital transactions or business, economic or market events). Adjustments to fair value are reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income. There are two private equity investments that we own directly outside of our consolidated venture capital fund accounted for at fair value.

See Note 9 for a description of how we measure the fair value of our investments.

Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net

Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of eight years for furniture and three to six years for equipment and software. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the related leases.

Goodwill

In 2000, AB acquired SCB Inc., an investment research and management company formerly known as Sanford C. Bernstein Inc. (“Bernstein”). The Bernstein acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method and the cost of the acquisition was allocated on the basis of the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired, net of liabilities assumed, resulted in the recognition of goodwill of approximately $3.0 billion.

As of December 31, 2016, goodwill of $3.1 billion on the consolidated statement of financial condition included $2.8 billion as a result of the Bernstein acquisition and $266 million in regard to various smaller acquisitions. We have determined that AB has only one reporting segment and reporting unit.

We test our goodwill annually, as of September 30, for impairment. As of September 30, 2016, the impairment test indicated that goodwill was not impaired. We also review the carrying value of goodwill if facts and circumstances occur that suggest possible impairment, such as significant declines in AUM, revenues, earnings or the price of an AB Holding Unit. There were no facts or circumstances occurring in the fourth quarter of 2016 suggesting possible impairment.

Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets consist primarily of costs assigned to acquired investment management contracts of Bernstein based on their estimated fair value at the time of acquisition, less accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are recognized at fair value and generally are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life ranging from six years to 20 years.

As of December 31, 2016, intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, of $134.6 million on the consolidated statement of financial condition consisted of $121.1 million of definite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, of which $77.6 million relates to the Bernstein acquisition, and $13.5 million of indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization in regard to other acquisitions. As of December 31, 2015, intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, of $145.7 million on the consolidated statement of financial condition consisted of $132.2 million of definite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, of which $98.3 million related to the Bernstein acquisition, and $13.5 million of indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization in regard to other acquisitions. The gross carrying amount of definite-lived intangible assets totaled $476.1 million as of December 31, 2016 and $460.8 million as of December 31, 2015, and accumulated amortization was $355.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and $328.6 million as of December 31, 2015. Amortization expense was $26.3 million for 2016, $25.8 million for 2015 and $24.9 million for 2014. Estimated annual amortization expense for each of the next three years is approximately $28 million, then approximately $20 million in year four and $5 million in year five.

We periodically review intangible assets for impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, we perform additional impairment tests to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any.

Deferred Sales Commissions, Net

We pay commissions to financial intermediaries in connection with the sale of shares of open-end company-sponsored mutual funds sold without a front-end sales charge (“back-end load shares”). These commissions are capitalized as deferred sales commissions and amortized over periods not exceeding five and one-half years for U.S. fund shares and four years for Non-U.S. Fund shares, the periods of time during which deferred sales commissions generally are recovered. We recover these commissions from distribution services fees received from those funds and from contingent deferred sales commissions (“CDSC”) received from shareholders of those funds upon the redemption of their shares. CDSC cash recoveries are recorded as reductions of unamortized deferred sales commissions when received. Since January 31, 2009, our U.S. mutual funds have not offered back-end load shares to new investors. As of December 31, 2016, our Non-U.S. Funds are no longer offering back-end load shares, except in isolated instances.

We periodically review the deferred sales commission asset for impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If these factors indicate impairment in value, we compare the carrying value to the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset over its remaining life. If we determine the deferred sales commission asset is not fully recoverable, the asset will be deemed impaired and a loss will be recorded in the amount by which the recorded amount of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value. There were no impairment charges recorded during 2016 or 2015.

Loss Contingencies

With respect to all significant litigation matters, we consider the likelihood of a negative outcome. If we determine the likelihood of a negative outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, we record an estimated loss for the expected outcome of the litigation. If the likelihood of a negative outcome is reasonably possible and we are able to determine an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss in excess of amounts already accrued, if any, we disclose that fact together with the estimate of the possible loss or range of loss. However, it is often difficult to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss because litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, particularly when plaintiffs allege substantial or indeterminate damages. Such is also the case when the litigation is in its early stages or when the litigation is highly complex or broad in scope. In these cases, we disclose that we are unable to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss.

Revenue Recognition

We record as revenue investment advisory and services fees, which we generally calculate as a percentage of AUM, as we perform the related services. Certain investment advisory contracts, including those associated with hedge funds or other alternative investments, provide for a performance-based fee, in addition to a base advisory fee, which is calculated as either a percentage of absolute investment results or a percentage of investment results in excess of a stated benchmark over a specified period of time. We record performance-based fees as a component of revenue at the end of each contract’s measurement period.

We calculate AUM using established market-based valuation methods and fair valuation (non-observable market) methods. Market-based valuation methods include: last sale/settle prices from an exchange for actively-traded listed equities, options and futures; evaluated bid prices from recognized pricing vendors for fixed income, asset-backed or mortgage-backed issues; mid prices from recognized pricing vendors and brokers for credit default swaps; and quoted bids or spreads from pricing vendors and brokers for other derivative products. Fair valuation methods include: discounted cash flow models, evaluation of assets versus liabilities or any other methodology that is validated and approved by our Valuation Committee (see paragraph immediately below for additional information about our Valuation Committee). Fair valuation methods are used only where AUM cannot be valued using market-based valuation methods, such as in the case of private equity or illiquid securities.

The Valuation Committee, which consists of senior officers and employees, is responsible for overseeing the pricing and valuation of all investments held in client and AB portfolios. The Valuation Committee has adopted a Statement of Pricing Policies describing principles and policies that apply to pricing and valuing investments held in these portfolios. We also have a Pricing Group, which reports to the Valuation Committee, and is responsible for overseeing the pricing process for all investments.

Bernstein Research Services revenues consist primarily of brokerage commissions for research and brokerage-related services provided to institutional investors. Brokerage commissions earned and related expenses are recorded on a trade-date basis.

Distribution revenues, shareholder servicing fees (included in other revenues), and dividend and interest income are accrued as earned.

Contingent Payment Arrangements

We periodically enter into contingent payment arrangements in connection with our business combinations. In these arrangements, we agree to pay additional consideration to the sellers to the extent that certain performance targets are achieved. We estimate the fair value of these potential future obligations at the time a business combination is consummated and record a liability on our consolidated statements of financial condition. We then accrete the obligation to its expected payment amount over the measurement period. If our expected payment amount subsequently changes, the obligation is modified in the current period resulting in a gain or loss. Both gains and losses resulting from changes to expected payments and the accretion of these obligations to their expected payment amounts are reflected within contingent payment arrangements in our consolidated statements of income.

Mutual Fund Underwriting Activities

Purchases and sales of shares of company-sponsored mutual funds in connection with the underwriting activities of our subsidiaries, including related commission income, are recorded on trade date. Receivables from brokers and dealers for sale of shares of company-sponsored mutual funds generally are realized within three business days from trade date, in conjunction with the settlement of the related payables to company-sponsored mutual funds for share purchases. Distribution plan and other promotion and servicing payments are recognized as expense when incurred.

Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans

We maintain several unfunded, non-qualified long-term incentive compensation plans, under which we grant annual awards to employees, generally in the fourth quarter.

Awards granted in December 2016, 2015 and 2014 allowed participants to allocate their awards between restricted AB Holding Units and deferred cash. Participants (except certain members of senior management) generally could allocate up to 50% of their awards to deferred cash, not to exceed a total of $250,000 per award. Each of our employees based outside of the United States (other than expatriates), who received an award of $100,000 or less, could have allocated up to 100% of his or her award to deferred cash. Participants allocated their awards prior to the date on which the Compensation Committee granted awards in December 2016, 2015 and 2014. For these awards, the number of AB Holding Units awarded was based on the closing price of an AB Holding Unit on the grant date. For awards granted in 2016, 2015 and 2014:

• We engage in open-market purchases of AB Holding Units or purchase newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding that are awarded to participants and keep them in a consolidated rabbi trust.

• Quarterly distributions on vested and unvested AB Holding Units are paid currently to participants, regardless of whether or not a long-term deferral election has been made.

• Interest on deferred cash is accrued monthly based on our monthly weighted average cost of funds.

We recognize compensation expense related to equity compensation grants in the financial statements using the fair value method. Fair value of restricted AB Holding Unit awards is the closing price of an AB Holding Unit on the grant date; fair value of options is determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Under the fair value method, compensatory expense is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and is recognized over the required service period. For year-end long-term incentive compensation awards, employees who resign or are terminated without cause may retain their awards, subject to compliance with certain agreements and restrictive covenants set forth in the applicable award agreement, including restrictions on competition and employee and client solicitation, and a claw-back for failing to follow existing risk management policies. Because there is no service requirement, we fully expense these awards on grant date. Most equity replacement, sign-on or similar deferred compensation awards included in separate employment agreements or arrangements include a required service period. Regardless of whether or not the award agreement includes employee service requirements, AB Holding Units typically are delivered to employees ratably over four years, unless the employee has made a long-term deferral election.

Grants of restricted AB Holding Units and options to buy AB Holding Units typically are awarded during the second quarter to members of the Board of Directors of the General Partner, who are not employed by our company or by any of our affiliates (“Eligible Directors”). Restricted AB Holding Units are delivered on the third anniversary of the grant date and the options become exercisable ratably over three years. These restricted AB Holding Units and options are not forfeitable (except if the Eligible Director is terminated for “Cause”, as that term is defined in the applicable award agreement). We fully expense these awards on grant date, as there is no service requirement.

We fund our restricted AB Holding Unit awards either by purchasing AB Holding Units on the open market or purchasing newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding, and then keeping all of these AB Holding Units in a consolidated rabbi trust until delivering them or retiring them. In accordance with the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB (“AB Partnership Agreement”), when AB purchases newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding, AB Holding is required to use the proceeds it receives from AB to purchase the equivalent number of newly-issued AB Units, thus increasing its percentage ownership interest in AB. AB Holding Units held in the consolidated rabbi trust are corporate assets in the name of the trust and are available to the general creditors of AB.

During 2016 and 2015, we purchased 10.5 million and 8.5 million AB Holding Units for $236.6 million and $218.3 million, respectively (on a trade date basis). These amounts reflect open-market purchases of 7.9 million and 5.8 million AB Holding Units for $176.1 million and $151.1 million, respectively, with the remainder relating to purchases of AB Holding Units from employees to allow them to fulfill statutory tax withholding requirements at the time of delivery of long-term incentive compensation awards. Purchases of AB Holding Units reflected on the consolidated statements of cash flows are net of AB Holding Units purchased by employees as part of a distribution reinvestment election.

Each quarter, we consider whether to implement a plan to repurchase AB Holding Units pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). A Rule 10b5-1 plan allows a company to repurchase its shares at times when it otherwise might be prevented from doing so because of self-imposed trading blackout periods or because it possesses material non-public information. Each broker we select has the authority under the terms and limitations specified in the plan to repurchase AB Holding Units on our behalf in accordance with the terms of the plan. Repurchases are subject to regulations promulgated by the SEC as well as certain price, market volume and timing constraints specified in the plan. The plan adopted during the fourth quarter of 2016 expired at the close of business on February 10, 2017. We may adopt additional Rule 10b5-1 plans in the future to engage in open-market purchases of AB Holding Units to help fund anticipated obligations under our incentive compensation award program and for other corporate purposes.

During 2016, we granted to employees and Eligible Directors 7.0 million restricted AB Holding Unit awards (including 6.1 million granted in December for 2016 year-end awards to employees). During 2015, we granted to employees and Eligible Directors 7.4 million restricted AB Holding Unit awards (including 7.0 million granted in December for 2015 year-end awards to employees).

During 2016 and 2015, AB Holding issued 0.4 million and 0.5 million AB Holding Units, respectively, upon exercise of options to buy AB Holding Units. AB Holding used the proceeds of $6.1 million and $9.2 million, respectively, received from employees as payment in cash for the exercise price to purchase the equivalent number of newly-issued AB Units.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated from functional currencies into United States dollars (“US$”) at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates, and related revenues and expenses are translated into US$ at average exchange rates in effect during each period. Net foreign currency gains and losses resulting from the translation of assets and liabilities of foreign operations into US$ are reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Net foreign currency transaction gains (losses) were $1.1 million, $1.0 million, and $(1.6) million for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and are reported in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income.

Cash Distributions

AB is required to distribute all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the AB Partnership Agreement, to its Unitholders and to the General Partner. Available Cash Flow can be summarized as the cash flow received by AB from operations minus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be retained by AB for use in its business, or plus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be released from previously retained cash flow.

Typically, Available Cash Flow has been the adjusted diluted net income per unit for the quarter multiplied by the number of general and limited partnership interests at the end of the quarter. In future periods, management anticipates that Available Cash Flow will be based on adjusted diluted net income per unit, unless management determines that one or more non-GAAP adjustments that are made for adjusted net income should not be made with respect to the Available Cash Flow calculation.

On February 14, 2017, the General Partner declared a distribution of $0.73 per AB Unit, representing a distribution of Available Cash Flow for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The General Partner, as a result of its 1% general partnership interest, is entitled to receive 1% of each distribution. The distribution is payable on March 9, 2017 to holders of record on February 24, 2017.

Total cash distributions per Unit paid to the General Partner and Unitholders during 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $1.98, $2.18 and $2.11, respectively.

Comprehensive Income

We report all changes in comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Comprehensive income includes net income, as well as unrealized gains and losses on investments classified as available-for-sale, foreign currency translation adjustments, and unrecognized actuarial net losses and transition assets. Deferred taxes are not recognized on foreign currency translation adjustments for foreign subsidiaries whose earnings are considered permanently invested outside the United States.

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Real Estate Charges

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Real Estate Charges

Real Estate Charges

During 2010, we performed a comprehensive review of our real estate requirements in New York in connection with our workforce reductions, which commenced in 2008. As a result, during 2010 we decided to sub-lease over 380,000 square feet in New York (all of this space has been sublet) and consolidate our New York-based employees into two office locations from three. During the third quarter of 2012, in an effort to further reduce our global real estate footprint, we completed a comprehensive review of our worldwide office locations and began implementing a global space consolidation plan. As a result, we decided to sub-lease approximately 510,000 square feet of office space (all of this space has been sublet), more than 70% of which is New York office space (in addition to the 380,000 square feet space reduction in 2010), with the remainder consisting of office space in England, Australia and various U.S. locations.

During 2014, we recorded pre-tax real estate charges of $0.1 million, comprising $5.5 million for the write-off of leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment ($5.0 million related to the 2012 plan and $0.5 million related to other real estate charges), offset by $4.7 million from a change in estimates related to previously recorded real estate charges (primarily relating to the 2010 and 2012 plans) and $0.7 million in credits related to other items.

During 2015, we recorded pre-tax real estate charges of $1.0 million, resulting from a change in estimates related to previously recorded real estate charges.

During 2016, we recorded pre-tax real estate charges of $17.7 million, resulting from new charges of $22.8 million relating to the further consolidation of office space at our New York offices, offset by changes in estimates related to previously recorded real estate charges of $5.1 million, which reflects the shortening of the lease term of our corporate headquarters from 2029 to 2024.

The activity in the liability account relating to our 2010 and 2012 office space consolidation initiatives for 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Balance as of January 1,	$	116,064		$	148,429
(Credit) expense incurred	(2,874		)	2,258
Payments made	(25,829		)	(38,920		)
Interest accretion	4,293			4,297
Balance as of end of period	$	91,654		$	116,064

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Net Income Per Unit

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income Per Unit

Net Income Per Unit

Basic net income per unit is derived by reducing net income for the 1% general partnership interest and dividing the remaining 99% by the basic weighted average number of units outstanding for each year. Diluted net income per unit is derived by reducing net income for the 1% general partnership interest and dividing the remaining 99% by the total of the diluted weighted average number of units outstanding for each year.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	673,358	$	579,927	$	563,861
Weighted average units outstanding—basic	269,084		271,745		269,118
Dilutive effect of compensatory options to buy AB Holding Units	554		1,037		1,148
Weighted average units outstanding—diluted	269,638		272,782		270,266
Basic net income per AB Unit	$	2.48	$	2.11	$	2.07
Diluted net income per AB Unit	$	2.47	$	2.10	$	2.07

For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we excluded 2,873,106, 2,409,499 and 2,806,033 options, respectively, from the diluted net income per unit computation due to their anti-dilutive effect.

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Cash and Securities Segregated Under Federal Regulations and Other Requirements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Brokers and Dealers [Abstract]

Cash and Securities Segregated Under Federal Regulations and Other Requirements

Cash and Securities Segregated Under Federal Regulations and Other Requirements

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, $0.9 billion and $0.5 billion, respectively, of U.S. Treasury Bills were segregated in a special reserve bank custody account for the exclusive benefit of our brokerage customers under Rule 15c3-3 of the Exchange Act.

One of our subsidiaries, which serves as the distributor of our U.S. mutual funds, maintains several special bank accounts for the exclusive benefit of customers. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, $52.9 million and $55.4 million, respectively, of cash was segregated in these bank accounts.

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Investments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments

Investments

Investments consist of:

	December 31,
	2016		2015
	(in thousands)
Available-for-sale	$	45	$	364
Trading:
Long-term incentive compensation-related	50,935		59,150
U.S. Treasury Bills	28,937		24,942
Seed capital	211,279		406,322
Equities	6,602		43,584
Exchange-traded options	3,106		5,910
Investments in limited partnership hedge funds:
Long-term incentive compensation-related	16,826		19,004
Seed capital	23,704		20,082
Consolidated private equity fund	—		23,897
Private equity	45,278		48,761
Investments held by consolidated VIEs	550,850		—
Time deposits	70,097		9,906
Other	7,522		7,878
Total investments	$	1,015,181	$	669,800

Total investments related to long-term incentive compensation obligations of $67.8 million and $78.2 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, consist of company-sponsored mutual funds and hedge funds. For long-term incentive compensation awards granted before 2009, we typically made investments in our services that were notionally elected by plan participants and maintained them (and continue to maintain them) in a consolidated rabbi trust or separate custodial account. The rabbi trust and custodial account enable us to hold such investments separate from our other assets for the purpose of settling our obligations to participants. The investments held in the rabbi trust and custodial account remain available to the general creditors of AB.

The underlying investments of hedge funds in which we invest include long and short positions in equity securities, fixed income securities (including various agency and non-agency asset-based securities), currencies, commodities and derivatives (including various swaps and forward contracts). These investments are valued at quoted market prices or, where quoted market prices are not available, are fair valued based on the pricing policies and procedures of the underlying funds.

U.S. Treasury Bills, the majority of which are pledged as collateral with clearing organizations, are held in our investment account. These clearing organizations have the ability by contract or custom to sell or re-pledge this collateral.

We allocate seed capital to our investment teams to help develop new products and services for our clients. The seed capital trading investments are equity and fixed income products, primarily in the form of separately-managed account portfolios, U.S. mutual funds, Luxembourg funds, Japanese investment trust management funds or Delaware business trusts. We also may allocate seed capital to investments in private equity funds, such as our consolidated venture capital fund, which holds technology, media, telecommunications, healthcare and clean-tech investments, and a third-party venture capital fund that invests in communications, consumer, digital media, healthcare and information technology markets. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, our seed capital investments were $500.0 million and $478.0 million, respectively.

During the first quarter of 2016, we sold a private equity investment in which we owned a 7.6% equity interest. We expect to receive a total of $85.5 million in cash, subject to final transaction costs and working capital adjustments. During March 2016, the transaction closed and we received $74.8 million in cash, recorded a $10.7 million receivable for the balance retained in escrow for 18 months and recorded an investment gain of $75.3 million.

Our consolidated venture capital fund, previously consolidated under the voting interest entity model, is considered a consolidated VIE effective January 1, 2016 upon the adoption of ASU 2015-02.

Trading securities also include long positions in corporate equities, an exchange-traded fund and long exchange-traded options traded through our options desk.

The cost and fair value of available-for-sale investments held as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016:
Equity investments	$	23	$	—	$	—		$	23
Fixed income investments	22		2		(2		)	22
	$	45	$	2	$	(2	)	$	45
December 31, 2015:
Equity investments	$	188	$	2	$	(9	)	$	181
Fixed income investments	197		2		(16		)	183
	$	385	$	4	$	(25	)	$	364

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investments were approximately $0.4 million, $4.2 million and $0.1 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Realized gains from our sales of available-for-sale investments were zero in 2016, $1.3 million in 2015 and zero in 2014. Realized losses from our sales of available-for-sale investments were zero in each of 2016, 2015 and 2014. We assess valuation declines to determine the extent to which such declines are fundamental to the underlying investment or attributable to temporary market-related factors. Based on our assessment as of December 31, 2016, we do not believe the declines are other than temporary.

The portion of trading gains (losses) related to trading securities held as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period	$	7,030		$	(27,246	)
Less: net (losses) gains recognized during the period on trading securities sold during the period	(11,294		)	5,812
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on trading securities held	$	18,324		$	(33,058	)

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Derivative Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments

Derivative Instruments

We enter into various futures, forwards, options and swaps to economically hedge certain seed capital investments. Also, we have currency forwards that economically hedge certain balance sheet exposures. In addition, our options desk trades long and short exchange-traded equity options. We do not hold any derivatives designated in a formal hedge relationship under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-10, Derivatives and Hedging.

The notional value, fair value and gains and losses recognized in investment gains (losses) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 for derivative instruments (excluding derivative instruments relating to our options desk trading activities and consolidated VIEs discussed below) not designated as hedging instruments were as follows:

	Notional Value		Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities		Gains (Losses)
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Exchange-traded futures	$	103,108	$	1,224	$	1,092	$	(2,754	)
Currency forwards	180,820		4,541		4,711		(2,028		)
Interest rate swaps	40,664		940		897		(572		)
Credit default swaps	45,108		1,205		905		(1,338		)
Option swaps	—		—		—		(70		)
Total return swaps	90,043		503		1,044		(8,766		)
Total derivatives	$	459,743	$	8,413	$	8,649	$	(15,528	)
December 31, 2015
Exchange-traded futures	$	160,755	$	1,539	$	2,651	$	8,572
Currency forwards	262,873		4,604		4,077		7,445
Interest rate swaps	65,484		2,945		3,745		(443		)
Credit default swaps	29,421		2,089		774		(253		)
Option swaps	24		9		2		11
Total return swaps	146,001		1,402		972		(160		)
Total derivatives	$	664,558	$	12,588	$	12,221	$	15,172

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the derivative assets and liabilities are included in both receivables and payables to brokers and dealers on our consolidated statements of financial condition. Gains and losses on derivative instruments are reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income.

We may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. We minimize our counterparty exposure through a credit review and approval process. In addition, we have executed various collateral arrangements with counterparties to the over-the-counter derivative transactions that require both pledging and accepting collateral in the form of cash. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we held $0.8 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of cash collateral payable to trade counterparties. This obligation to return cash is reported in payables to brokers and dealers in our consolidated statements of financial condition.

Although notional amount is the most commonly used measure of volume in the derivatives market, it is not used as a measure of credit risk. Generally, the current credit exposure of our derivative contracts is limited to the net positive estimated fair value of derivative contracts at the reporting date after taking into consideration the existence of netting agreements and any collateral received. A derivative with positive value (a derivative asset) indicates existence of credit risk because the counterparty would owe us if the contract were closed. Alternatively, a derivative contract with negative value (a derivative liability) indicates we would owe money to the counterparty if the contract were closed. Generally, if there is more than one derivative transaction with a single counterparty, a master netting arrangement exists with respect to derivative transactions with that counterparty to provide for aggregate net settlement.

Certain of our standardized contracts for over-the-counter derivative transactions (“ISDA Master Agreements”) contain credit risk related contingent provisions pertaining to each counterparty's credit rating. In some ISDA Master Agreements, if the counterparty’s credit rating, or in some agreements, our AUM, falls below a specified threshold, either a default or a termination event permitting the counterparty to terminate the ISDA Master Agreement would be triggered. In all agreements that provide for collateralization, various levels of collateralization of net liability positions are applicable, depending on the credit rating of the counterparty. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we delivered $6.2 million and $12.8 million, respectively, of cash collateral into brokerage accounts. We report this cash collateral in cash and cash equivalents in our consolidated statements of financial condition.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we held $3.1 million and $5.9 million, respectively, of long exchange-traded equity options, which are classified as trading investments and included in our other investments on our consolidated statements of financial condition. In addition, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of short exchange-traded equity options, which are included in securities sold not yet purchased on our consolidated statements of financial condition. Our options desk provides our clients with equity derivative strategies and execution for exchange-traded options on single stocks, exchange-traded funds and indices. While predominately agency-based, the options desk may commit capital to facilitate a client's transaction. Our options desk hedges the risk associated with this activity by taking offsetting positions in equities. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, we recognized $27.6 million and $65.0 million, respectively, of losses on equity options activity. These losses are recognized in investment gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income.

As of December 31, 2016, our consolidated VIEs held $2.9 million (net) of futures, forwards and swaps within their portfolios. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized $0.8 million of gains on these derivative positions. These gains are recognized in the investment gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income. As of December 31, 2016, the consolidated VIEs held 0.5 million of cash collateral payable to trade counterparties. This obligation to return cash is reported in the liabilities of consolidated VIEs in our consolidated statements of financial condition. As of December 31, 2016, the consolidated VIEs delivered 3.3 million of cash collateral into brokerage accounts. The consolidated VIEs report this cash collateral in the consolidated VIEs cash and cash equivalents in our consolidated statements of financial condition.

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Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Offsetting [Abstract]

Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

Offsetting of assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows:

	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Financial Instruments		Collateral Received			Net Amount
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Securities borrowed	$	82,814	$	—	$	82,814	$	—	$	(82,814	)	$	—
Derivatives	$	8,413	$	—	$	8,413	$	—	$	(810	)	$	7,603
Derivatives held by consolidated VIEs	$	4,997	$	—	$	4,997	$	—	$	(461	)	$	4,536
Long exchange-traded options	$	3,106	$	—	$	3,106	$	—	$	—		$	3,106
December 31, 2015
Securities borrowed	$	75,274	$	—	$	75,274	$	—	$	(75,274	)	$	—
Derivatives	$	12,588	$	—	$	12,588	$	—	$	(1,518	)	$	11,070
Long exchange-traded options	$	5,910	$	—	$	5,910	$	—	$	—		$	5,910

Offsetting of liabilities as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows:

	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Financial Instruments		Collateral Pledged			Net Amount
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Securities loaned	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
Derivatives	$	8,649	$	—	$	8,649	$	—	$	(6,239	)	$	2,410
Derivatives held by consolidated VIEs	$	2,081	$	—	$	2,081	$	—	$	(2,081	)	$	—
Short exchange-traded options	$	692	$	—	$	692	$	—	$	—		$	692
December 31, 2015
Securities loaned	$	9,518	$	—	$	9,518	$	—	$	(9,518	)	$	—
Derivatives	$	12,221	$	—	$	12,221	$	—	$	(12,221	)	$	—
Short exchange-traded options	$	843	$	—	$	843	$	—	$	—		$	843

Cash collateral, whether pledged or received on derivative instruments, is not considered material and, accordingly, is not disclosed by counterparty.

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Fair Value

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value

Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three broad levels of fair value hierarchy are as follows:

• Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets are available for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date.

• Level 2—Quoted prices in markets that are not active or other pricing inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date.

• Level 3—Prices or valuation techniques that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable as of the reported date. These financial instruments do not have two-way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Valuation of our financial instruments by pricing observability levels as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2016:
Money markets	$	107,250	$	—	$	—	$	107,250
U.S. Treasury Bills	—		922,126		—		922,126
Available-for-sale
Equity securities	23		—		—		23
Fixed income securities	22		—		—		22
Trading

Equity securities	158,316		17,785		110		176,211
Fixed income securities	80,473		11,107		—		91,580
Long exchange-traded options	3,106		—		—		3,106
Derivatives	1,224		7,189		—		8,413
Private equity	—		—		4,913		4,913
Consolidated VIEs
Investments	341,830		203,197		5,741		550,768
Derivatives	58		1,739		—		1,797
Total assets measured at fair value	$	692,302	$	1,163,143	$	10,764	$	1,866,209
Securities sold not yet purchased
Short equities – corporate	$	40,252	$	—	$	—	$	40,252
Short exchange-traded options	692		—		—		692
Derivatives	1,092		7,557		—		8,649
Consolidated VIEs
Short equities	248,419		—		—		248,419
Derivatives	48		2,033		—		2,081
Contingent payment arrangements	—		—		17,589		17,589
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	290,503	$	9,590	$	17,589	$	317,682
December 31, 2015:
Money markets	$	116,445	$	—	$	—	$	116,445
U.S. Treasury Bills	—		485,121		—		485,121
Available-for-sale
Equity securities	181		—		—		181
Fixed income securities	183		—		—		183
Trading
Equity securities	325,248		874		113		326,235
Fixed income securities	170,244		12,532		—		182,776
Long exchange-traded options	5,910		—		—		5,910
Derivatives	1,539		11,049		—		12,588
Private equity	14,305		—		16,035		30,340
Total assets measured at fair value	$	634,055	$	509,576	$	16,148	$	1,159,779
Securities sold not yet purchased
Short equities – corporate	$	15,254	$	—	$	—	$	15,254
Short exchange-traded options	843		—		—		843
Derivatives	2,651		9,570		—		12,221
Contingent payment arrangements	—		—		31,399		31,399
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	18,748	$	9,570	$	31,399	$	59,717

Included in Note 6, Investments, but excluded in the above fair value table, are the following investments:

• Limited partnership hedge funds, which are recorded using the equity method of accounting;

• One private equity investment ($10.2 million as of December 31, 2015; sold in the first quarter of 2016), which was recorded using the cost method of accounting;

• Other investments, which primarily include miscellaneous investments recorded using the cost or equity method of accounting and long-term deposits; and

• One private equity investment ($40.4 million and $32.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively) which is measured at fair value using NAV (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient.

We provide below a description of the fair value methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy:

• Money markets: We invest excess cash in various money market funds that are valued based on quoted prices in active markets; these are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Treasury Bills: We hold U.S. Treasury Bills, which are primarily segregated in a special reserve bank custody account as required by Rule 15c3-3 of the Exchange Act. These securities are valued based on quoted yields in secondary markets and are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Equity and fixed income securities: Our equity and fixed income securities consist principally of company-sponsored mutual funds with NAVs and various separately-managed portfolios consisting primarily of equity and fixed income securities with quoted prices in active markets, which are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. In addition, some securities are valued based on observable inputs from recognized pricing vendors, which are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Derivatives: We hold exchange-traded futures with counterparties that are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. In addition, we hold currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, option swaps and total return swaps with counterparties that are valued based on observable inputs from recognized pricing vendors, which are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Options: We hold long exchange-traded options that are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Private equity: As of December 31, 2015, private equity investments include the investments of our consolidated venture capital fund and our investment in a private equity energy fund. As of December 31, 2016, the consolidated venture capital fund is classified as a consolidated VIE (see Note 2) and is discussed separately below; our investment in a private equity energy fund remains. Generally, the valuation of private equity investments requires significant management judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, inherent lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of such investments. Private equity investments are valued initially at cost. The carrying values of private equity investments are adjusted either up or down from cost to reflect expected exit values as evidenced by financing and sale transactions with third parties, or when determination of a valuation adjustment is confirmed through ongoing review in accordance with our valuation policies and procedures. A variety of factors are reviewed and monitored to assess positive and negative changes in valuation, including current operating performance and future expectations of investee companies, industry valuations of comparable public companies, changes in market outlooks, and the third party financing environment over time. In determining valuation adjustments resulting from the investment review process, particular emphasis is placed on current company performance and market conditions. For these reasons, which make the fair value of private equity investments unobservable, equity investments are included in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Securities sold not yet purchased: Securities sold not yet purchased, primarily reflecting short positions in equities and exchange-traded options, are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Contingent payment arrangements: Contingent payment arrangements relate to contingent payment liabilities associated with acquisitions in 2010, 2013, 2014 and 2016. At each reporting date, we estimate the fair values of the contingent consideration expected to be paid upon probability-weighted AUM and revenue projections, using observable market data inputs, which are included in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Investments of consolidated VIEs: During 2016, subsequent to the initial adoption of ASU 2015-02, we consolidated six additional investment funds that were classified as VIEs in which we have a controlling interest and deconsolidated a VIE of which we were no longer the primary beneficiary. Currently, seven of our consolidated VIEs are open-end Luxembourg funds investing in (i) high yield debt issued by U.S. corporations and related derivatives, (ii) fixed income securities issued by Asia-Pacific issuers and related derivatives, and (iii) equity securities, including common and preferred stocks, convertible securities, depositary receipts and securities of real estate investment trusts; currencies and currency-related instruments; pooled investment vehicles; and financial derivative instruments, such as options, futures, forwards, swaps and commodity index-related instruments. Also, we consolidated one hedge fund which invests in a wide range of U.S. and non-U.S. securities and other financial instruments. In addition, our venture capital fund, which is classified as a consolidated VIE effective January 1, 2016, holds both private equity investments as well as private equity investments that became publicly-traded. The investments and derivatives held by the consolidated VIEs are included in Levels 1, 2 and 3 of the valuation hierarchy. During the third quarter of 2016, one of our private securities went public and $23.6 million was transferred from a Level 3 to a Level 1 classification.

The change in carrying value associated with Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value, classified as private equity investments, trading equity securities and investments held by our consolidated VIEs, is as follows:

	December 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
	(in thousands)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	16,148		$	27,813
Transfers out	(23,566		)	(26		)
Activity related to consolidated VIEs	19,772			—
Purchases	—			195
Sales	—			(14,178		)
Realized gains, net	—			1,983
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(1,590		)	361
Balance as of end of period	$	10,764		$	16,148

Transfers into and out of all levels of the fair value hierarchy are reflected at end-of-period fair values. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 financial instruments are recorded in investment gains and losses in the consolidated statements of income.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we have an investment in a private equity fund focused exclusively on the energy sector (fair value of $4.9 million and $6.5 million, respectively) that is classified as Level 3. This investment’s valuation is based on a market approach, considering recent transactions in the fund and the industry.

Our consolidated venture capital fund, which is classified as a consolidated VIE in 2016 and a private equity investment in 2015, holds no Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2016. Quantitative information about our consolidated venture capital fund Level 3 fair value measurements as of December 31, 2015 was as follows:

	Fair Value as of December 31, 2015		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range
	(in thousands)
Technology, Media and Telecommunications	$	9,527	Market comparable companies	Revenue multiple	2.5 – 4.8
				Marketability discount	30	%

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the reporting entities’ venture capital securities in the Technology, Media and Telecommunications areas are enterprise value to revenue multiples and a discount rate to account for liquidity and various risk factors. Significant increases (decreases) in the enterprise value to revenue multiple inputs in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

As of December 31, 2016, five of our consolidated VIEs that are open-end Luxembourg funds hold $5.7 million of investments that are classified as Level 3. They primarily consist of corporate bonds that are vendor priced with no ratings available, bank loans, non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations and asset-backed securities.

The change in carrying value associated with Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value, classified as contingent payment arrangements, is as follows:

	December 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
	(in thousands)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	31,399		$	42,436
Addition	11,893			—
Accretion	1,237			1,770
Changes in estimates	(21,482		)	(7,211		)
Payments	(5,458		)	(5,596		)
Balance as of end of period	$	17,589		$	31,399

During 2016, we recorded a change in estimate of the contingent consideration payable relating to our 2010 acquisition of $2.2 million. Additionally, we had recorded a contingent consideration payable for our 2013 acquisition relating to contingent value rights ("CVRs"). The CVRs would have entitled the shareholders to an additional $4 per share if the assets under management in the acquired investment services exceeded $5 billion on or before the third anniversary of the acquisition date (December 12, 2016). The target was not met and, as a result, we reversed the contingent consideration payable of $19.3 million.

As of December 31, 2016, the three acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities recorded have a combined fair value of $17.6 million and are valued using a projected AUM weighted average growth rate of 18% for one acquisition, and revenue growth rates and discount rates ranging from 4% to 31% and 1.4% to 6.4%, respectively, for the three acquisitions.

As of December 31, 2015, the three acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities recorded had a combined fair value of $31.4 million and were valued using a projected AUM weighted average growth rate of 46%, a revenue growth rate of 43% and discount rates ranging from 3.0% to 6.4%. During 2015, we recorded changes in estimates of the contingent consideration payable relating to recent acquisitions of $7.2 million.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

We did not have any material assets or liabilities that were measured at fair value for impairment on a nonrecurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2015.

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Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net

Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net

Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net consist of:

	December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Furniture and equipment	$	535,890		$	529,488
Leasehold improvements	247,121			258,280
	783,011			787,768
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(623,447		)	(627,408		)
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	$	159,564		$	160,360

Depreciation and amortization expense on furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements were $29.4 million, $29.0 million and $36.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

During 2016, 2015 and 2014, we recorded $17.7 million, $1.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in pre-tax real estate charges. Included in the 2014 charge was $5.5 million of leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment we wrote off related to the respective spaces. See Note 3 for further discussion of the real estate charges.

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Deferred Sales Commissions, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Deferred Sales Commissions, Net

Deferred Sales Commissions, Net

The components of deferred sales commissions, net for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (excluding amounts related to fully amortized deferred sales commissions):

	December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Carrying amount of deferred sales commissions	$	903,252		$	970,671
Less: Accumulated amortization	(565,681		)	(606,963		)
Cumulative CDSC received	(273,681		)	(264,638		)
Deferred sales commissions, net	$	63,890		$	99,070

Amortization expense was $41.1 million, $49.1 million and $41.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Estimated future amortization expense related to the December 31, 2016 net asset balance, assuming no additional CDSC is received in future periods, is as follows (in thousands):

2017	$	32,206
2018	21,092
2019	7,688
2020	2,864
2021	36
2022	4
	$	63,890

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Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, AB had $513.0 million and $581.7 million, respectively, in commercial paper outstanding with weighted average interest rates of approximately 0.9% and 0.5%, respectively. The commercial paper is short term in nature, and as such, recorded value is estimated to approximate fair value (and considered a Level 2 security in the fair value hierarchy). Average daily borrowings of commercial paper during 2016 and 2015 were $422.9 million and $387.9 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 0.6% and 0.3%, respectively.

AB has a $1 billion committed, unsecured senior revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) with a group of commercial banks and other lenders, which matures on October 22, 2019. The Credit Facility provides for possible increases in the principal amount by up to an aggregate incremental amount of $250 million; any such increase is subject to the consent of the affected lenders. The Credit Facility is available for AB and Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC ("SCB LLC") business purposes, including the support of AB’s $1 billion commercial paper program. Both AB and SCB LLC can draw directly under the Credit Facility and management may draw on the Credit Facility from time to time. AB has agreed to guarantee the obligations of SCB LLC under the Credit Facility.

The Credit Facility contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants, which are customary for facilities of this type, including, restrictions on dispositions of assets, restrictions on liens, a minimum interest coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio. As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with these covenants. The Credit Facility also includes customary events of default (with customary grace periods, as applicable), including provisions under which, upon the occurrence of an event of default, all outstanding loans may be accelerated and/or lender’s commitments may be terminated. Also, under such provisions, upon the occurrence of certain insolvency- or bankruptcy-related events of default, all amounts payable under the Credit Facility would automatically become immediately due and payable, and the lender’s commitments automatically would terminate.

Amounts under the Credit Facility may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed by us from time to time until the maturity of the facility. Voluntary prepayments and commitment reductions requested by us are permitted at any time without fee (other than customary breakage costs relating to the prepayment of any drawn loans) upon proper notice and subject to a minimum dollar requirement. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum, which will be, at our option, a rate equal to an applicable margin, which is subject to adjustment based on the credit ratings of AB, plus one of the following indices: London Interbank Offered Rate; a floating base rate; or the Federal Funds rate.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had no amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility. During 2016 and 2015, we did not draw upon the Credit Facility.

On December 1, 2016, AB entered into a $200.0 million, unsecured 364-day senior revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) with a leading international bank and the other lending institutions that may be party thereto. The Revolver is available for AB's and SCB LLC's business purposes, including the provision of additional liquidity to meet funding requirements primarily related to SCB LLC's operations. Both AB and SCB LLC can draw directly under the Revolver and management expects to draw on the Revolver from time to time. AB has agreed to guarantee the obligations of SCB LLC under the Revolver. The Revolver contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants which are identical to those of the Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2016, we had no amounts outstanding under the Revolver and the average daily borrowings for 2016 were $7.3 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 1.6%.

In addition, SCB LLC has four uncommitted lines of credit with four financial institutions. Three of these lines of credit permit us to borrow up to an aggregate of approximately $225.0 million, with AB named as an additional borrower, while one line has no stated limit. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, SCB LLC had no bank loans outstanding. Average daily borrowings of bank loans during 2016 and 2015 were $4.4 million and $3.9 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 1.1% and 1.2%, respectively.

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Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

We lease office space, furniture and office equipment under various operating leases. The future minimum payments under non-cancelable leases, sublease commitments and related payments we are obligated to make, net of sublease commitments of third party lessees to make payments to us, as of December 31, 2016, are as follows:

	Payments		Sublease Receipts		Net Payments
	(in millions)
2017	$	138.3	$	43.3	$	95.0
2018	132.3		44.2		88.1
2019	125.9		43.6		82.3
2020	105.7		27.2		78.5
2021	99.2		25.8		73.4
2022 and thereafter	291.0		66.8		224.2
Total future minimum payments	$	892.4	$	250.9	$	641.5

Office leases contain escalation clauses that provide for the pass through of increases in operating expenses and real estate taxes. Rent expense, which is amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease, was $68.1 million, $70.7 million and $73.0 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, net of sublease income of $2.5 million, $2.9 million and $3.3 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. See Note 3 for further discussion of the real estate charges.

Legal Proceedings

During the first quarter of 2012, we received a legal letter of claim (“Letter of Claim”) sent on behalf of Philips Pension Trustees Limited and Philips Electronics U.K. Limited (“Philips”), a former pension fund client, alleging that AllianceBernstein Limited (one of our subsidiaries organized in the U.K.) was negligent and failed to meet certain applicable standards of care with respect to the initial investment in, and management of, a £500 million portfolio of U.S. mortgage-backed securities. Philips alleged damages ranging between $177 million and $234 million, plus compound interest on an alleged $125 million of realized losses in the portfolio. On January 2, 2014, Philips filed a claim form in the High Court of Justice in London, England, which formally commenced litigation with respect to the allegations in the Letter of Claim.

By agreement dated November 28, 2016, the terms of which are confidential, this matter was settled. Our contribution to the settlement amount was paid by our relevant insurance carriers.

In addition to the matter discussed immediately above, we may be involved in various other matters, including regulatory inquiries, administrative proceedings and litigation, some of which may allege significant damages.

In management’s opinion, an adequate accrual has been made as of December 31, 2016 to provide for any probable losses regarding any litigation matters for which we can reasonably estimate an amount of loss. It is reasonably possible that we could incur additional losses pertaining to these matters, but currently we cannot estimate any such additional losses.

Management, after consultation with legal counsel, currently believes that the outcome of any individual matter that is pending or threatened, or all of them combined, will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. However, any inquiry, proceeding or litigation has an element of uncertainty; management cannot determine whether further developments relating to any individual matter that is pending or threatened, or all of them combined, will have a material adverse effect on our results of operation, financial condition or liquidity in any future reporting period.

Other

During 2009, we entered into a subscription agreement, under which we committed to invest up to $35.0 million, as amended in 2011, in a venture capital fund over a six-year period. As of December 31, 2016, we had funded $33.5 million of this commitment.

During 2010, as general partner of AllianceBernstein U.S. Real Estate L.P. (“Real Estate Fund”), we committed to invest $25.0 million in the Real Estate Fund. As of December 31, 2016, we had funded $20.5 million of this commitment. During 2014, as general partner of AllianceBernstein U.S. Real Estate II L.P. (“Real Estate Fund II”), we committed to invest $28.0 million, as amended in 2015, in the Real Estate Fund II. As of December 31, 2016, we had funded $3.8 million of this commitment.

During 2012, we entered into an investment agreement under which we committed to invest up to $8.0 million in an oil and gas fund over a three-year period, as amended. As of December 31, 2016, we had funded $6.2 million of this commitment.

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Net Capital

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Brokers and Dealers [Abstract]

Net Capital

Net Capital

SCB LLC is registered as a broker-dealer under the Exchange Act and is subject to the minimum net capital requirements imposed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). SCB LLC computes its net capital under the alternative method permitted by the applicable rule, which requires that minimum net capital, as defined, equals the greater of $1 million or two percent of aggregate debit items arising from customer transactions, as defined. As of December 31, 2016, SCB LLC had net capital of $214.3 million, which was $184.2 million in excess of the minimum net capital requirement of $30.1 million. Advances, dividend payments and other equity withdrawals by SCB LLC are restricted by regulations imposed by the SEC, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., and other securities agencies.

Our U.K.-based broker-dealer is a member of the London Stock Exchange. As of December 31, 2016, it was subject to financial resources requirements of $22.7 million imposed by the Financial Conduct Authority of the United Kingdom and had aggregate regulatory financial resources of $43.6 million, an excess of $20.9 million.

AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc., another one of our subsidiaries and the distributor and/or underwriter for certain company-sponsored mutual funds, is registered as a broker-dealer under the Exchange Act and is subject to the minimum net capital requirements imposed by the SEC. As of December 31, 2016, it had net capital of $56.5 million, which was $56.2 million in excess of its required net capital of $0.3 million.

Many of our subsidiaries around the world are subject to minimum net capital requirements by the local laws and regulations to which they are subject. As of December 31, 2016, each of our subsidiaries subject to a minimum net capital requirement satisfied the applicable requirement.

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Counterparty Risk

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Counterparty Risk

Counterparty Risk

Customer Activities

In the normal course of business, brokerage activities involve the execution, settlement and financing of various customer securities trades, which may expose our broker-dealer operations to off-balance sheet risk by requiring us to purchase or sell securities at prevailing market prices in the event the customer is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations.

Our customer securities activities are transacted on either a cash or margin basis. In margin transactions, we extend credit to the customer, subject to various regulatory and internal margin requirements. These transactions are collateralized by cash or securities in the customer’s account. In connection with these activities, we may execute and clear customer transactions involving the sale of securities not yet purchased. We seek to control the risks associated with margin transactions by requiring customers to maintain collateral in compliance with the aforementioned regulatory and internal guidelines. We monitor required margin levels daily and, pursuant to such guidelines, require customers to deposit additional collateral, or reduce positions, when necessary. A majority of our customer margin accounts are managed on a discretionary basis whereby we maintain control over the investment activity in the accounts. For these discretionary accounts, our margin deficiency exposure is minimized through maintaining a diversified portfolio of securities in the accounts and by virtue of our discretionary authority and our U.S-based broker-dealer's role as custodian.

In accordance with industry practice, we record customer transactions on a settlement date basis, which generally was three business days after trade date for our U.S. operations and two business days after trade date for our U.K. operations. We are exposed to risk of loss on these transactions in the event of the customer’s or broker’s inability to meet the terms of their contracts, in which case we may have to purchase or sell financial instruments at prevailing market prices. The risks we assume in connection with these transactions are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Other Counterparties

We are engaged in various brokerage activities on behalf of clients, in which counterparties primarily include broker-dealers, banks and other financial institutions. In the event these counterparties do not fulfill their obligations, we may be exposed to loss. The risk of default depends on the creditworthiness of the counterparty or issuer of the instrument. It is our policy to review, as necessary, each counterparty’s creditworthiness.

In connection with security borrowing and lending arrangements, we enter into collateralized agreements, which may result in potential loss in the event the counterparty to a transaction is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations. Security borrowing arrangements require us to deposit cash collateral with the lender. With respect to security lending arrangements, we receive collateral in the form of cash in amounts generally in excess of the market value of the securities loaned. We attempt to mitigate credit risk associated with these activities by establishing credit limits for each broker and monitoring these limits on a daily basis. Additionally, security borrowing and lending collateral is marked to market on a daily basis, and additional collateral is deposited by or returned to us as necessary.

We enter into various futures, forwards, options and swaps primarily to economically hedge certain of our seed money investments. We may be exposed to credit losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to these derivative financial instruments. See Note 7, Derivative Instruments for further discussion.

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Qualified Employee Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Qualified Employee Benefit Plans

Qualified Employee Benefit Plans

We maintain a qualified profit sharing plan covering U.S. employees and certain foreign employees. Employer contributions are discretionary and generally limited to the maximum amount deductible for federal income tax purposes. Aggregate contributions for 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $14.3 million, $14.2 million and $13.5 million, respectively.

We maintain several defined contribution plans for foreign employees working for our subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan and other locations outside the United States. Employer contributions generally are consistent with regulatory requirements and tax limits. Defined contribution expense for foreign entities was $6.8 million, $7.9 million and $7.3 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

We maintain a qualified, noncontributory, defined benefit retirement plan (“Retirement Plan”) covering current and former employees who were employed by AB in the United States prior to October 2, 2000. Benefits are based on years of credited service, average final base salary (as defined in the Retirement Plan) and primary Social Security benefits. Service and compensation after December 31, 2008 are not taken into account in determining participants’ retirement benefits.

Our policy is to satisfy our funding obligation for each year in an amount not less than the minimum required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and not greater than the maximum amount we can deduct for federal income tax purposes. We did not make a contribution to the Retirement Plan during 2016. We currently estimate that we will contribute $4.0 million to the Retirement Plan during 2017. Contribution estimates, which are subject to change, are based on regulatory requirements, future market conditions and assumptions used for actuarial computations of the Retirement Plan’s obligations and assets. Management, at the present time, has not determined the amount, if any, of additional future contributions that may be required.

The Retirement Plan’s projected benefit obligation, fair value of plan assets, and funded status (amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition) were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	107,784		$	113,733
Interest cost	4,972			4,816
Plan amendments	—			827
Actuarial loss (gain)	1,794			(6,698		)
Benefits paid	(3,235		)	(4,894		)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year	111,315			107,784
Change in plan assets:
Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year	86,292			90,320
Actual return on plan assets	3,642			866
Employer contribution	—			—
Benefits paid	(3,235		)	(4,894		)
Plan assets at fair value at end of year	86,699			86,292
Funded status	$	(24,616	)	$	(21,492	)

Effective December 31, 2015, the Retirement Plan was amended to change the actuarial basis used for converting a life annuity benefit to optional forms of payment and converting benefits payable at age 65 to earlier commencement dates. This prior service cost will be amortized over future years.

The amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the Retirement Plan for 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Unrecognized net (loss) gain from experience different from that assumed and effects of changes and assumptions	$	(3,115	)	$	2,882		$	(20,803	)
Prior service cost	93			(895		)	—
	(3,022		)	1,987			(20,803		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(10		)	(99		)	232
Other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(3,032	)	$	1,888		$	(20,571	)

The loss of $3.0 million recognized in 2016 primarily was due to expected earnings on plan assets exceeding actual earnings ($1.8 million) and changes in the discount rate and lump sum interest rates ($3.5 million), offset by changes in the mortality assumption ($1.7 million). The gain of $1.9 million recognized in 2015 primarily was due to changes in the discount rate and lump sum interest rates ($5.6 million) and changes in the mortality assumption ($1.4 million), offset by expected earnings on plan assets exceeding actual earnings ($5.3 million). The loss of $20.6 million recognized in 2014 primarily was due to changes in the discount rate ($12.0 million) and changes in the mortality assumption ($7.5 million).

Foreign retirement plans and an individual's retirement plan maintained by AB are not material to AB's consolidated financial statements. As such, disclosure for these plans is not necessary. The reconciliation of the 2016 amounts recognized in other comprehensive income for the Retirement Plan as compared to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income ("OCI Statement") is as follows:

	Retirement Plan			Retired Individual Plan			Foreign Retirement Plans			OCI Statement
	(in thousands)
Recognized actuarial (loss) gain	$	(3,115	)	$	22		$	50		$	(3,043	)
Amortization of prior service cost	93			—			—			93
Changes in employee benefit related items	(3,022		)	22			50			(2,950		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(10		)	(1		)	(11		)	(22		)
Employee benefit related items, net of tax	$	(3,032	)	$	21		$	39		$	(2,972	)

The amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the Retirement Plan as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Unrecognized net loss from experience different from that assumed and effects of changes and assumptions	$	(46,430	)	$	(43,314	)
Prior service cost	(803		)	(895		)
	(47,233		)	(44,209		)
Income tax benefit	457			468
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(46,776	)	$	(43,741	)

The amortization period over which we are amortizing the loss for the Retirement Plan from accumulated other comprehensive income is 36 years. The estimated prior service cost and amortization of loss for the Retirement Plan that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income over the next year are $23,959 and $1.1 million, respectively.

The accumulated benefit obligation for the plan was $111.3 million and $107.8 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.

The discount rates used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (measurement dates) were 4.55% and 4.75%, respectively.

Benefit payments are expected to be paid as follows (in thousands):

2017	$	4,302
2018	5,545
2019	6,048
2020	5,109
2021	5,872
2022-2026	37,837

Net (benefit) expense under the Retirement Plan consisted of:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Interest cost on projected benefit obligations	$	4,972		$	4,816		$	4,895
Expected return on plan assets	(5,407		)	(6,176		)	(6,493		)
Amortization of prior service cost	24			—			—
Recognized actuarial loss	959			979			490
Net pension (benefit) expense	$	548		$	(381	)	$	(1,108	)

Actuarial computations used to determine net periodic costs were made utilizing the following weighted-average assumptions:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
Discount rate on benefit obligations	4.75	%	4.3	%	5.3	%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	6.5		7.0		7.5

In developing the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 6.5%, management considered the historical returns and future expectations for returns for each asset category, as well as the target asset allocation of the portfolio. The expected long-term rate of return on assets is based on weighted average expected returns for each asset class.

As of December 31, 2016, the mortality projection assumption has been updated to use the generational MP-2016 improvement scale. Previously, mortality was projected generationally using the MP-2015 improvements scale. The base mortality assumption remains at the RP-2014 white-collar mortality table for males and females adjusted back to 2006 using the MP-2014 improvement scale.

It is expected that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) will update the mortality tables used to determine lump sums. As the current IRS mortality tables have been published for plan years through 2017, updated tables will not be effective before 2018. For fiscal year-end 2016, we reflected current IRS tables through 2017. We assumed that the most recent mortality tables published by the Society of Actuaries will be adopted by the IRS for lump sum payments projected to begin in 2018 and later.

The Retirement Plan’s asset allocation percentages consisted of:

	December 31,
	2016		2015
Equity	61	%	56	%
Debt securities	18		24
Other	21		20
	100	%	100	%

The guidelines regarding allocation of assets are formalized in the Investment Policy Statement adopted by the Investment Committee for the Retirement Plan. The objective of the investment program is to enhance the portfolio of the Retirement Plan through total return (capital appreciation and income), thereby promoting the ongoing ability of the plan to meet future liabilities and obligations, while minimizing the need for additional contributions. The guidelines specify an allocation weighting of 30% to 60% for return seeking investments (target of 40%), 10% to 30% for risk mitigating investments (target of 15%), 0% to 25% for diversifying investments (target of 17%) and 18% to 38% for dynamic asset allocation (target of 28%). Investments in mutual funds, hedge funds (and other alternative investments), and other commingled investment vehicles are permitted under the guidelines. Investments are permitted in overlay portfolios (regulated mutual funds), which are designed to manage short-term portfolio risk and mitigate the effect of extreme outcomes by varying the asset allocation of a portfolio.

See Note 9, Fair Value for a description of how we measure the fair value of our plan assets.

The valuation of our Retirement Plan assets by pricing observability levels as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2016:
Cash	$	344	$	—	$	—	$	344
Fixed income mutual funds	21,441		—		—		21,441
Equity mutual fund	25,037		—		—		25,037
Equity securities	20,690		—		—		20,690
Total assets in the fair value hierarchy	67,512		—		—		67,512
Investments measured at net assets value	—		—		—		19,187
Investments at fair value	$	67,512	$	—	$	—	$	86,699

December 31, 2015:
Cash	$	445	$	—	$	—	$	445
Fixed income mutual funds	21,555		—		—		21,555
Equity mutual fund	23,603		—		—		23,603
Equity securities	21,586		—		—		21,586
Total assets in the fair value hierarchy	67,189		—		—		67,189
Investments measured at net assets value	—		—		—		19,103
Investments at fair value	$	67,189	$	—	$	—	$	86,292

The Retirement Plan’s investments include the following:

• two fixed income mutual funds, each of which seeks to generate income consistent with preservation of capital. One mutual fund invests in a portfolio of fixed income securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies and U.S. and non-U.S. government securities and supranational entities, including lower-rated securities, while the second fund invests in a broad range of fixed income securities in both developed and emerging markets with a range of maturities from short- to long-term;

• three equity mutual funds, one of which invests primarily in a diversified portfolio of equity securities of small- to mid-capitalization U.S. companies, the second which invests primarily in a diversified portfolio of equity securities with relatively smaller capitalizations as compared to the overall U.S market, and the third which primarily invests in equity securities of small capitalization companies or other securities or instruments with similar economic characteristics;

• separate equity and fixed income mutual funds, which seek to moderate the volatility of equity and fixed income oriented asset allocation over the long term, as part of the overall asset allocation managed by AB;

• a multi-style, multi-cap integrated portfolio adding U.S. equity diversification to its value and growth equity selections, designed to deliver a long-term premium to the S&P 500 with greater consistency across a range of market environments; and

• investments measured at net asset value, including two equity private investment trusts, one of which invests primarily in equity securities of non-U.S. companies located in emerging market countries, and the other of which invests in equity securities of established non-U.S. companies located in the countries comprising the MSCI EAFE Index, plus Canada; and a hedge fund that seeks to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns over full market cycles with less volatility than the broad equity markets by allocating all or substantially all of its assets among portfolio managers through portfolio funds that employ a broad range of investment strategies.

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Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Compensation Related Costs [Abstract]

Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans

Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans

We maintain an unfunded, non-qualified incentive compensation program known as the AllianceBernstein Incentive Compensation Award Program (“Incentive Compensation Program”), under which annual awards may be granted to eligible employees. See Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plans" for a discussion of the award provisions.

Under the Incentive Compensation Program, we made awards in 2016, 2015 and 2014 aggregating $157.8 million, $178.8 million and $176.5 million, respectively. The amounts charged to employee compensation and benefits for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $153.8 million, $171.7 million and $173.2 million, respectively.

Effective as of July 1, 2010, we established the AllianceBernstein 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended (“2010 Plan”), which was adopted by AB Holding Unitholders at a special meeting of AB Holding Unitholders held on June 30, 2010. Since the 2010 Plan was adopted, the following forms of awards have been available for grant to employees and Eligible Directors: (i) restricted AB Holding Units or phantom restricted AB Holding Units (a “phantom” award is a contractual right to receive AB Holding Units at a later date or upon a specified event); (ii) options to buy AB Holding Units; and (iii) other AB Holding Unit-based awards (including, without limitation, AB Holding Unit appreciation rights and performance awards). The purpose of the 2010 Plan is to promote the interest of AB by: (i) attracting and retaining talented officers, employees and directors, (ii) motivating such officers, employees and directors by means of performance-related incentives to achieve longer-range business and operational goals, (iii) enabling such officers, employees and directors to participate in the long-term growth and financial success of AB, and (iv) aligning the interests of such officers, employees and directors with those of AB Holding Unitholders. The 2010 Plan will expire on June 30, 2020, and no awards under the 2010 Plan will be made after that date. Under the 2010 Plan, the aggregate number of AB Holding Units with respect to which awards may be granted is 60 million, including no more than 30 million newly-issued AB Holding Units.

The 2010 Plan was amended by the Board in May 2011, expanding the universe of persons eligible to receive awards under the 2010 Plan to include any member of the Board who is a former executive or former employee of an affiliate of AB Holding. For purposes of this amendment, “affiliate” includes any company or other entity that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with, AB.

The 2010 Plan was further amended by the Compensation Committee of the Board (“Compensation Committee”) in December 2011, clarifying that, where duly authorized by the Compensation Committee or the Board, continued vesting of awards after a Termination (as those terms are defined in the 2010 Plan or the applicable award agreement) in circumstances where such continued vesting is conditioned on compliance with (A) one or more restrictive covenants, and/or (B) a standard of conduct regarding appropriate consideration of risk set forth in the applicable award agreement, shall count towards satisfying the minimum vesting requirement set forth in Section 6(b)(i) of the 2010 Plan.

The 2010 Plan was further amended by the Board in May 2012, when the Board authorized management to reacquire on the open market or otherwise all 60 million AB Holding Units available for awards under the 2010 Plan (less one AB Holding Unit for every newly-issued AB Holding Unit already awarded under the 2010 Plan), while maintaining the 30 million AB Holding Unit limitation on newly-issued AB Holding Units available for awards under the 2010 Plan.

As of December 31, 2016, 356,989 options to buy AB Holding Units had been granted and 51,944,758 AB Holding Units, net of forfeitures, were subject to other AB Holding Unit awards made under the 2010 Plan or an equity compensation plan with similar terms that expired in 2010. AB Holding Unit-based awards (including options) in respect of 7,698,253 AB Holding Units were available for grant as of December 31, 2016. We intend to seek approval from our unitholders in 2017 for a new long-term incentive plan.

Options granted to employees generally are exercisable at a rate of 20% of the AB Holding Units subject to such options on each of the first five anniversary dates of the date of grant; options granted to Eligible Directors generally are exercisable at a rate of 33.3% of the AB Holding Units subject to such options on each of the first three anniversary dates of the date of grant. Restricted AB Holding Units awarded to our CEO pursuant to his employment agreements (as described below under “Restricted AB Holding Unit Awards”) vest ratably over his employment term. Restricted AB Holding Units awarded under the Incentive Compensation Program vest 25% on December 1^st of each of the four years immediately subsequent to the year in which the award is granted.

Option Awards

Options to buy AB Holding Units (including grants to Eligible Directors) were granted as follows: 54,546 options were granted during 2016, 29,056 options were granted during 2015 and 25,106 options were granted during 2014. The weighted average fair value of options to buy AB Holding Units granted during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $2.75, $4.13 and $4.78, respectively, on the date of grant, determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:

	2016		2015		2014
Risk-free interest rate	1.3	%	1.5	%	1.5	%
Expected cash distribution yield	7.1	%	7.1	%	8.4	%
Historical volatility factor	31.0	%	32.1	%	48.9	%
Expected term	6.0 years		6.0 years		6.0 years

Due to a lack of sufficient historical data, we have chosen to use the simplified method to calculate the expected term of options.

The activity in our option plan during 2016 is as follows:

	Options to Buy AB Holding Units		Weighted Average Exercise  Price Per Option		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2015	5,398,471		$	47.59	2.9
Granted	54,546		22.64
Exercised	(358,262	)	17.05
Forfeited	—		—
Expired	(9,712	)	65.02
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016	5,085,043		49.45		2.0	$	—
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016	4,700,909		47.58		1.9	—
Vested or expected to vest as of December 31, 2016	5,085,043		49.45		2.0	—

The aggregate intrinsic value as of December 31, 2016 of options outstanding, exercisable and expected to vest is negative, and is therefore presented as zero in the table above. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $2.1 million, $7.0 million and $9.1 million, respectively.

Under the fair value method, compensation expense is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the options awarded (determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model) and is recognized over the required service period. We recorded compensation expense (credit) relating to option grants of $0.2 million, $0.1 million and $(0.3) million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. As of December 31, 2016, there was no compensation expense related to unvested option grants not yet recognized in the consolidated statement of income.

Restricted AB Holding Unit Awards

In 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Board granted restricted AB Holding Unit awards to Eligible Directors. These AB Holding Units give the Eligible Directors, in most instances, all the rights of other AB Holding Unitholders subject to such restrictions on transfer as the Board may impose. We awarded 46,382, 26,468 and 31,320 restricted AB Holding Units, respectively, in 2016, 2015 and 2014 with grant date fair values per restricted AB Holding Unit of $22.64 in 2016, $31.74 in 2015 and $22.99 in 2014. All of the restricted AB Holding Units are delivered as soon as administratively feasible after the third anniversary of grant date or sooner if a director leaves the Board for any reason other than “cause”, as defined in the applicable award agreement. We fully expensed these awards on each grant date, as there is no service requirement. We recorded compensation expense relating to these awards of $1.1 million, $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

In connection with the commencement of Mr. Kraus’s employment as our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") on December 19, 2008, he was granted 2.7 million restricted AB Holding Units with a grant date fair value per Unit of $19.20. Mr. Kraus’s restricted AB Holding Units vested ratably on each of the first five anniversaries of December 19, 2008, commencing December 19, 2009, subject to his continued employment by AB on the vesting dates. During June 2012, Mr. Kraus entered into an agreement (“Kraus Employment Agreement”) pursuant to which Mr. Kraus continues to serve as our CEO. The Kraus Employment Agreement commenced on January 3, 2014 and terminates on January 2, 2019 (“Employment Term”), unless it is terminated earlier in accordance with its terms. In connection with the signing of the Kraus Employment Agreement, Mr. Kraus was granted an additional 2.7 million restricted AB Holding Units, vesting ratably over the Employment Term. Under US GAAP, the compensation expense for the AB Holding Unit award under the Kraus Employment Agreement of $33.1 million (based on the $12.17 grant date AB Holding Unit price) must be amortized on a straight-line basis over 6.5 years, beginning on the grant date. We recorded compensation expense relating to the CEO restricted AB Holding Unit grants of $5.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

Under the Incentive Compensation Program, we awarded 6.1 million restricted AB Holding Units in 2016 (substantially all of which were restricted AB Holding Units in December for the 2016 year-end awards as well as minimal restricted AB Holding Units granted during the year relating to the 2015 year-end awards), 7.2 million restricted AB Holding Units in 2015 (which included 7.0 million restricted AB Holding Units in December for the 2015 year-end awards and 0.2 million additional restricted AB Holding Units granted during the year relating to the 2014 year-end awards) and 6.8 million restricted AB Holding Units in 2014 (which included 6.6 million restricted AB Holding Units in December for the 2014 year-end awards and 0.2 million additional restricted AB Holding Units granted during the year relating to the 2013 year-end awards) with grant date fair values per restricted AB Holding Unit of $19.45 and $23.20 in 2016, $23.02 and $24.24 in 2015 and $21.67 and $24.24 in 2014.

We also award restricted AB Holding Units in connection with certain employment and separation agreements with vesting schedules ranging between two and five years. The fair value of the restricted AB Holding Units is amortized over the required service period as employee compensation expense. We awarded 1.0 million, 0.2 million and 0.7 million restricted AB Holding Units in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, with grant date fair values per restricted AB Holding Unit ranging between $18.67 and $25.34 in 2016, $25.36 and $32.71 in 2015 and $21.07 and $27.40 in 2014. We recorded compensation expense relating to restricted AB Holding Unit grants in connection with certain employment and separation agreements of $11.2 million, $9.9 million and $13.2 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

Changes in unvested restricted AB Holding Units during 2016 are as follows:

	AB Holding Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per AB Holding Unit
Unvested as of December 31, 2015	19,779,814		$	22.05
Granted	7,085,482		23.14
Vested	(7,384,528	)	21.58
Forfeited	(334,727	)	24.05
Unvested as of December 31, 2016	19,146,041		22.60

The total grant date fair value of restricted AB Holding Units that vested during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $159.4 million, $156.4 million and $170.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the 19,146,041 unvested restricted AB Holding Units consist of 16,272,607 restricted AB Holding Units that do not have a service requirement and have been fully expensed on the grant date and 2,873,434 restricted AB Holding Units that have a service requirement and will be expensed over the required service period. As of December 31, 2016, there was $39.1 million of compensation expense related to unvested restricted AB Holding Unit awards granted and not yet recognized in the consolidated statement of income. We expect to recognize the expense over a weighted average period of 2.6 years.

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Units Outstanding

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Equity [Abstract]

Units Outstanding

Units Outstanding

Changes in AB Units outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	2016		2015
Outstanding as of January 1,	272,301,827		273,040,452
Options exercised	358,262		541,073
Units issued	4,455,944		4,600,583
Units retired	(8,222,499	)	(5,880,281	)
Outstanding as of December 31,	268,893,534		272,301,827

During 2016 and 2015, we purchased 15,998 and 26,111 AB Units, respectively, in private transactions and retired them.

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

AB is a private partnership for federal income tax purposes and, accordingly, is not subject to federal or state corporate income taxes. However, AB is subject to a 4.0% New York City unincorporated business tax (“UBT”). Domestic corporate subsidiaries of AB, which are subject to federal, state and local income taxes, generally are included in the filing of a consolidated federal income tax return with separate state and local income tax returns being filed. Foreign corporate subsidiaries are generally subject to taxes in the foreign jurisdictions where they are located.

In order to preserve AB’s status as a private partnership for federal income tax purposes, AB Units must not be considered publicly traded. The AB Partnership Agreement provides that all transfers of AB Units must be approved by AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company (a subsidiary of AXA, “AXA Equitable”) and the General Partner; AXA Equitable and the General Partner approve only those transfers permitted pursuant to one or more of the safe harbors contained in relevant treasury regulations. If AB Units were considered readily tradable, AB’s net income would be subject to federal and state corporate income tax, significantly reducing its quarterly distributions to AB Holding. Furthermore, should AB enter into a substantial new line of business, AB Holding, by virtue of its ownership of AB, would lose its status as a “grandfathered” publicly-traded partnership and would become subject to corporate income tax, which would reduce materially AB Holding’s net income and its quarterly distributions to AB Holding Unitholders.

Earnings before income taxes and income tax expense consist of:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Earnings before income taxes:
United States	$	614,261		$	520,282	$	493,311
Foreign	108,904			110,817		115,310
Total	$	723,165		$	631,099	$	608,621
Income tax expense:
Partnership UBT	$	5,363		$	8,027	$	10,042
Corporate subsidiaries:
Federal	291			7,957		12,464
State and local	1,064			661		1,372
Foreign	28,158			26,822		31,273
Current tax expense	34,876			43,467		55,151
Deferred tax (benefit)	(6,557		)	1,330		(10,847		)
Income tax expense	$	28,319		$	44,797	$	44,304

The principal reasons for the difference between the effective tax rates and the UBT statutory tax rate of 4.0% are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016					2015					2014
	(in thousands)
UBT statutory rate	$	28,927		4.0	%	$	25,244		4.0	%	$	24,345		4.0	%
Corporate subsidiaries’ federal, state, local and foreign income taxes	17,907			2.5		31,223			4.9		30,353			5.0
Effect of ASC 740 adjustments, miscellaneous taxes, and other	(1,070		)	(0.2	)	2,965			0.5		3,393			0.6
Income not taxable resulting from use of UBT business apportionment factors	(17,445		)	(2.4	)	(14,635		)	(2.3	)	(13,787		)	(2.3	)
Income tax expense and effective tax rate	$	28,319		3.9		$	44,797		7.1		$	44,304		7.3

We recognize the effects of a tax position in the financial statements only if, as of the reporting date, it is “more likely than not” to be sustained based solely on its technical merits. In making this assessment, we assume that the taxing authority will examine the tax position and have full knowledge of all relevant information.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	12,004	$	11,311	$	2,975
Additions for prior year tax positions	—		—		2,838
Reductions for prior year tax positions	—		—		—
Additions for current year tax positions	592		693		5,498
Reductions for current year tax positions	—		—		—
Reductions related to closed years/settlements with tax authorities	—		—		—
Balance as of end of period	$	12,596	$	12,004	$	11,311

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, when recognized, is recorded as a reduction to income tax expense and reduces the company’s effective tax rate.

Interest and penalties, if any, relating to tax positions are recorded in income tax expense on the consolidated statements of income. The total amount of interest expense (credit) recorded in income tax expense during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $0.7 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The total cumulative amount of accrued interest payable recorded on the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $1.7 million, $1.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively. There were no accrued penalties as of December 31, 2016, 2015 or 2014.

Generally, the company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or local income tax examinations by tax authorities for any year prior to 2013, except that, during the third quarter of 2014, the City of New York notified us of an examination of AB’s UBT returns for the years 2010 and 2011. The examination is ongoing.

Currently, there are no income tax examinations at our significant non-U.S. subsidiaries. Years that remain open and may be subject to examination vary under local law, and range from one to seven years.

At December 31, 2016, it is reasonably possible that $6.6 million of our unrecognized tax benefits will change within the next twelve months due to completion of tax authority exams.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The tax effect of significant items comprising the net deferred tax asset (liability) is as follows:

	December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Deferred tax asset:
Differences between book and tax basis:
Benefits from net operating loss carryforwards	$	6,066		$	18,887
Long-term incentive compensation plans	15,468			17,092
Other, primarily accrued expenses deductible when paid	16,730			18,490
	38,264			54,469
Less: valuation allowance	(462		)	(13,709		)
Deferred tax asset	37,802			40,760
Deferred tax liability:
Differences between book and tax basis:
Intangible assets	6,302			6,520
Translation adjustment	—			8,220
Other	1,960			766
Deferred tax liability	8,262			15,506
Net deferred tax asset	$	29,540		$	25,254

Valuation allowances of $0.5 million and $13.7 million are established as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, primarily due to the uncertainty of realizing certain net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards given the future losses expected to be incurred by the applicable subsidiaries. We had NOL carryforwards at December 31, 2016 of approximately $52.9 million in certain foreign locations with an indefinite expiration period. As of December 31, 2015, we had NOL carryforwards of approximately $80.9 million in certain foreign locations with an indefinite expiration period and $135.7 million in certain domestic locations with expiration periods between 15 and 20 years.

The deferred tax asset is included in other assets. Management has determined that realization of the net deferred tax asset is more likely than not based on anticipated future taxable income.

We provide income taxes on the undistributed earnings of non-U.S. corporate subsidiaries except to the extent that such earnings are permanently invested outside the United States. As of December 31, 2016, $683.0 million of accumulated undistributed earnings of non-U.S. corporate subsidiaries that has not been taxed in the U.S. were permanently invested outside the U.S. At existing applicable income tax rates, additional taxes of approximately $54.8 million, net of foreign tax credits, would need to be provided if such earnings were remitted.

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Business Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segment Information

Business Segment Information

Management has assessed the requirements of ASC 280, Segment Reporting, and determined that, because we utilize a consolidated approach to assess performance and allocate resources, we have only one operating segment. Enterprise-wide disclosures as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

Services

Net revenues derived from our investment management, research and related services were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Institutions	$	422,060	$	435,205	$	434,081
Retail	1,261,907		1,362,541		1,397,135
Private Wealth Management	711,599		689,853		664,324
Bernstein Research Services	479,875		493,463		482,538
Other	162,461		42,986		29,714
Total revenues	3,037,902		3,024,048		3,007,792
Less: Interest expense	9,123		3,321		2,426
Net revenues	$	3,028,779	$	3,020,727	$	3,005,366

Our AllianceBernstein Global High Yield Portfolio, an open-end fund incorporated in Luxembourg (ACATEUH: LX), generated approximately 10%, 11% and 12% of our investment advisory and service fees and 10%, 12% and 13% of our net revenues during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Geographic Information

Net revenues and long-lived assets, related to our U.S. and international operations, as of and for the years ended December 31, were as follows:

	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Net revenues:
United States	$	1,901,571	$	1,829,518	$	1,779,422
International	1,127,208		1,191,209		1,225,944
Total	$	3,028,779	$	3,020,727	$	3,005,366
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	3,388,221	$	3,410,491
International	36,539		39,456
Total	$	3,424,760	$	3,449,947

Major Customers

Company-sponsored mutual funds are distributed to individual investors through broker-dealers, insurance sales representatives, banks, registered investment advisers, financial planners and other financial intermediaries. Certain subsidiaries of AXA, including AXA Advisors, LLC, have entered into selected dealer agreements with AllianceBernstein Investments and have been responsible for 2%, 4% and 3% of our open-end mutual fund sales in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. HSBC was responsible for approximately 12% of our open-end mutual fund sales in 2016. UBS AG was responsible for approximately 8% and 11% of our open-end mutual fund sales in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Neither AXA, HSBC or UBS AG is under any obligation to sell a specific amount of AB Fund shares and each also sells shares of mutual funds that it sponsors and that are sponsored by unaffiliated organizations.

AXA and the general and separate accounts of AXA Equitable (including investments by the separate accounts of AXA Equitable in the funding vehicle EQ Advisors Trust) accounted for approximately 5% of our total revenues for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. No single institutional client other than AXA and its subsidiaries accounted for more than 1% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

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Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

Mutual Funds

We provide investment management, distribution, shareholder, administrative and brokerage services to individual investors by means of retail mutual funds sponsored by our company, our subsidiaries and our affiliated joint venture companies. We provide substantially all of these services under contracts that specify the services to be provided and the fees to be charged. The contracts are subject to annual review and approval by each mutual fund’s board of directors or trustees and, in certain circumstances, by the mutual fund’s shareholders. Revenues for services provided or related to the mutual funds are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Investment advisory and services fees	$	998,892	$	1,056,227	$	1,061,677
Distribution revenues	371,604		415,380		433,063
Shareholder servicing fees	76,201		85,207		91,020
Other revenues	6,253		4,939		6,694
Bernstein Research Services	5		4		13

Also, we have receivables from AB mutual funds recorded in our consolidated statements of financial condition of $165.1 million and $160.7 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

AXA and its Subsidiaries

We provide investment management and certain administration services to AXA and its subsidiaries. In addition, AXA and its subsidiaries distribute company-sponsored mutual funds, for which they receive commissions and distribution payments. Sales of company-sponsored mutual funds through AXA and its subsidiaries aggregated approximately $0.8 billion, $1.1 billion and $1.1 billion for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Also, we are covered by various insurance policies maintained by AXA and its subsidiaries and we pay fees for technology and other services provided by AXA and its subsidiaries. Aggregate amounts included in the consolidated financial statements for transactions with AXA and its subsidiaries, as of and for the years ended December 31, are as follows:

	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Revenues:
Investment advisory and services fees	$	150,016		$	149,035		$	131,317
Bernstein Research Services	583			694			958
Distribution revenues	12,145			11,541			11,590
Other revenues	969			912			1,066
	$	163,713		$	162,182		$	144,931
Expenses:
Commissions and distribution payments to financial intermediaries	$	16,077		$	16,140		$	16,255
General and administrative	16,315			17,680			20,176
Other	1,653			1,483			1,457
	$	34,045		$	35,303		$	37,888
Balance Sheet:
Institutional investment advisory and services fees receivable	$	11,826		$	12,622
Prepaid expenses	1,461			1,431
Other due to AXA and its subsidiaries	(5,325		)	(6,231		)
	$	7,962		$	7,822

AllianceBernstein Venture Fund I, L.P. was launched during 2006. It seeks to achieve its investment objective, which is long-term capital appreciation through equity and equity-related investments, by acquiring early-stage growth companies in private transactions. One of our subsidiaries is the general partner of the fund and, as a result, the fund is included in our consolidated financial statements, with approximately $32.7 million and $23.9 million of investments in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. AXA Equitable holds a 10% limited partnership interest in this fund.

We maintain an unfunded, non-qualified long-term incentive compensation plan known as the Capital Accumulation Plan and also have assumed obligations under contractual unfunded long-term incentive compensation arrangements covering certain former executives (“Contractual Arrangements”). The Capital Accumulation Plan was frozen on December 31, 1987, since which date no additional awards have been made. The Board may terminate the Capital Accumulation Plan at any time without cause, in which case our liability would be limited to benefits that have vested. Payment of vested benefits under both the Capital Accumulation Plan and the Contractual Arrangements generally will be made over a ten-year period commencing at retirement age. The General Partner is obligated to make capital contributions to AB in amounts equal to benefits paid under the Capital Accumulation Plan and the Contractual Arrangements. Amounts paid by the General Partner to AB for the Capital Accumulation Plan and the Contractual Arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $1.2 million, $1.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively.

Other Related Parties

The consolidated statements of financial condition include a net receivable from AB Holding as a result of cash transactions for fees and expense reimbursements. The net receivable balance included in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $12.0 million and $12.1 million, respectively.

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Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisitions

Acquisitions

Acquisitions are accounted for under ASC 805, Business Combinations.

On September 23, 2016, we acquired a 100% ownership interest in Ramius Alternative Solutions LLC ("RASL"), a global alternative investment management business that, as of the acquisition date, had approximately $2.5 billion in AUM. RASL offers a range of customized alternative investment and advisory solutions to a global institutional client base. On the acquisition date, we made a cash payment of $20.5 million and recorded a contingent consideration payable of $11.9 million based on projected fee revenues over a five-year measurement period. The excess of the purchase price over the current fair value of identifiable net assets acquired resulted in the recognition of $21.9 million of goodwill. We recorded $10.0 million of definite-lived intangible assets relating to investment management contracts.

On June 20, 2014, we acquired an 81.7% ownership interest in CPH Capital Fondsmaeglerselskab A/S (“CPH”), a Danish asset management firm that managed approximately $3 billion in global core equity assets for institutional investors, for a cash payment of $64.4 million and a contingent consideration payable of $9.4 million based on projected assets under management levels over a three-year measurement period. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired resulted in the recognition of $58.1 million of goodwill. We recorded $24.1 million of definite-lived intangible assets relating to separately-managed account relationships and $3.5 million of indefinite-lived intangible assets relating to an acquired fund’s investment contract. We also recorded redeemable non-controlling interests of $16.5 million relating to the fair value of the portion of CPH we did not own. During 2015 and 2016, we purchased additional shares of CPH, bringing our ownership interest to 90.4% as of December 31, 2016.

The 2016 and 2014 acquisitions have not had a significant impact on 2016 or 2015 revenues and earnings. As a result, we have not provided supplemental pro forma information.

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Non-controlling Interests

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Non-controlling Interests

Non-controlling Interests

As discussed in Note 2, we adopted ASU 2015-02 effective January 1, 2016. As a result, we are disclosing below the components of non-controlling interest.

Non-controlling interest in net income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 consisted of the following:

	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Consolidated VIEs	$	21,176	$	—	$	—
Consolidated private equity fund	—		5,940		487
Other	312		435		(31		)
Total non-controlling interest in net income (loss)	$	21,488	$	6,375	$	456

Non-redeemable non-controlling interest as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following:

	2016		2015
	(in thousands)
Consolidated VIEs	$	34,622	$	—
Consolidated private equity fund	—		23,171
Other	1,550		1,302
Total non-redeemable non-controlling interest	$	36,172	$	24,473

Redeemable non-controlling interest as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following:

	2016		2015
	(in thousands)
Consolidated VIEs	$	384,294	$	—
CPH Capital Fondsmaeglerselskab A/S acquisition	8,665		13,203
Total redeemable non-controlling interest	$	392,959	$	13,203

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Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Quarterly Financial Data [Abstract]

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

	Quarters Ended 2016
	December 31		September 30		June 30(4)		March 31(4)
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Net revenues	$	786,256	$	747,591	$	725,806	$	769,126
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	224,538	$	158,035	$	124,501	$	166,284
Basic net income per AB Unit(1)	$	0.83	$	0.58	$	0.46	$	0.61
Diluted net income per AB Unit(1)	$	0.83	$	0.58	$	0.46	$	0.60
Cash distributions per AB Unit(2)(3)	$	0.73	$	0.51	$	0.46	$	0.45

	Quarters Ended 2015
	December 31(4)		September 30(4)		June 30(4)		March 31(4)
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Net revenues	$	726,726	$	738,693	$	792,737	$	762,571
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	159,394	$	133,308	$	147,425	$	139,800
Basic net income per AB Unit(1)	$	0.59	$	0.49	$	0.53	$	0.51
Diluted net income per AB Unit(1)	$	0.58	$	0.48	$	0.53	$	0.51
Cash distributions per AB Unit(2)(3)	$	0.56	$	0.50	$	0.54	$	0.51

(1) Basic and diluted net income per unit are computed independently for each of the periods presented. Accordingly, the sum of the quarterly net income per unit amounts may not agree to the total for the year.

(2) Declared and paid during the following quarter.

(3) Cash distributions reflect the impact of our non-GAAP adjustments.

(4) Certain prior-period amounts have been revised, see Note 2 for a discussion of the revision.

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Valuation and Qualifying Account - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

AllianceBernstein L.P.

Valuation and Qualifying Account - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

For the Three Years Ending December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014

Description	Balance at Beginning of Period		Credited to Costs and Expenses		Deductions			Balance at End of Period
	(in thousands)
For the year ended December 31, 2014	$	763	$	—	$	38	(a)	$	725
For the year ended December 31, 2015	$	725	$	100	$	273	(b)	$	552
For the year ended December 31, 2016	$	552	$	—	$	39	(c)	$	513

(a) Includes accounts written-off as uncollectible of $28 and a net reduction to the allowance balance of $10.

(b) Includes accounts written-off as uncollectible of $273.

(c) Includes accounts written-off as uncollectible of $39.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include AB and its majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries, and the consolidated entities that are considered to be variable interest entities ("VIEs") and for which AB is considered the primary beneficiary. Non-controlling interests on the consolidated statements of financial condition includes the portion of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds in which we do not have direct equity ownership. All significant inter-company transactions and balances among the consolidated entities have been eliminated.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements/Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entities Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which requires management to assess, on a quarterly basis, a company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. We adopted this standard on December 31, 2016. The adoption of this standard had no impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Consolidation – Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis ("ASU 2015-02"), which provides a new consolidation standard for evaluating: (i) limited partnerships and similar entities for consolidation, (ii) how decision maker or service provider fees affect the consolidation analysis, (iii) how interest held by related parties affects the consolidation analysis and (iv) how the consolidation analysis applies to certain investment funds. We adopted ASU 2015-02 using the modified retrospective method with an effective adoption date of January 1, 2016, which did not require the restatement of prior-year periods. The adoption of ASU 2015-02 resulted in the consolidation of certain investment funds that were not previously consolidated. These funds became consolidated VIEs because we are considered the party with both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. See Consolidation of VIEs below.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. This standard requires debt issuance costs be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability, consistent with the presentation of a debt discount. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2016 on a retrospective basis, which required the restatement of prior periods. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement: Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent). This standard removes the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value ("NAV") per share practical expedient. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2016 on a retrospective basis, which required the restatement of prior-period disclosures. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendment is effective retrospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017. Management currently is evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. We have not yet completed this analysis, but based on the analysis completed to date management does not expect the standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The amendment addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments and is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendment will result in a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption, except for one provision relating to equity securities without readily determinable fair values, which provision will be applied prospectively. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The amendment requires recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the statement of financial condition and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. Specifically, this guidance requires an operating lease lessee to recognize on the statement of financial condition a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. However, for leases with a term of twelve months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2018 and requires lessees to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements using a modified retrospective approach. Management currently is evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-07, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting. The amendment eliminates the current requirement for a retroactive adjustment and instead requires that the investor add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor's previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investment becomes qualified for equity method accounting. Additionally, the amendment requires that an entity that has an available-for-sale equity security that becomes qualified for the equity method of accounting recognize through earnings the unrealized holding gain or loss in accumulated other comprehensive income at the date the investment becomes qualified for use of the equity method. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2016 and should be applied prospectively as of the effective date of increases in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence that result in the adoption of the equity method. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The amendment includes provisions intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements, including income tax effects of share-based payments, minimum statutory tax withholding requirements and forfeitures. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2016 and may be applied using various transition approaches (prospective, retrospective and modified retrospective). The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). The amendment is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017 and should be applied using a retrospective transition method. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results or operations.

Consolidation of VIEs

Consolidation of VIEs

As discussed above, we adopted ASU 2015-02 effective January 1, 2016.

For legal entities (company-sponsored investment funds) evaluated for consolidation, we first determine whether the fees we receive and the interests we hold qualify as a variable interest in the entity, including an evaluation of fees paid to us as a decision maker or service provider to the entity being evaluated. Fees received by us are not variable interests if (i) the fees are compensation for services provided and are commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services, (ii) the service arrangement includes only terms, conditions or amounts that are customarily present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm’s length, and (iii) our other economic interests in the entity held directly and indirectly through our related parties, as well as economic interests held by related parties under common control, would not absorb more than an insignificant amount of the entity’s losses or receive more than an insignificant amount of the entity’s benefits.

For those entities in which we have a variable interest, we perform an analysis to determine whether the entity is a VIE by considering whether the entity’s equity investment at risk is insufficient, whether the investors lack decision making rights proportional to their ownership percentage of the entity, and whether the investors lack the obligation to absorb an entity’s expected losses or the right to receive an entity’s expected income.

A VIE must be consolidated by its primary beneficiary, which generally is defined as the party that has a controlling financial interest in the VIE. We are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VIE if we have (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive income from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. For purposes of evaluating (ii) above, fees paid to us as a decision maker or service provider are excluded if the fees are compensation for services provided commensurate with the level of effort required to be performed and the arrangement includes only customary terms, conditions or amounts present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm’s length. The primary beneficiary evaluation generally is performed qualitatively based on all facts and circumstances, as well as quantitatively, as appropriate.

If we have a variable interest in an entity that is determined not to be a VIE, the entity is then evaluated for consolidation under the voting interest entity (“VOE”) model. For limited partnerships and similar entities, we are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VOE, and would be required to consolidate the entity, if we own a majority of the entity’s kick-out rights through voting limited partnership interests and limited partners do not hold substantive participating rights (or other rights that would indicate that we do not control the entity). For entities other than limited partnerships, we are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VOE if we own a majority voting interest in the entity.

The analysis performed regarding the determination of variable interests held, whether entities are VIEs or VOEs, and whether we have a controlling financial interest in such entities requires the exercise of judgment. The analysis is updated continuously as circumstances change or new entities are formed.

As a result of the adoption of ASU 2015-02, effective January 1, 2016, we consolidated three investment funds that were classified as VIEs in which we have a controlling financial interest. Ownership interests not held by us relating to these consolidated VIEs are included in redeemable non-controlling interest on the condensed consolidated statement of financial condition. In addition, effective January 1, 2016, we reclassified our consolidated private equity fund as a consolidated VIE, which had been consolidated as of December 31, 2015 under previous accounting guidance due to our controlling financial interest of a VOE. Ownership interests not held by us relating to this consolidated VIE, which is a closed-end fund, are included in non-controlling interest on the consolidated statement of financial condition.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits, money market accounts, overnight commercial paper and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, the recorded value has been determined to approximate fair value.

Fees Receivable, Net

Fees Receivable, Net

Fees receivable are shown net of allowances. An allowance for doubtful accounts related to investment advisory and services fees is determined through an analysis of the aging of receivables, assessments of collectability based on historical trends and other qualitative and quantitative factors, including our relationship with the client, the financial health (or ability to pay) of the client, current economic conditions and whether the account is active or closed. The allowance for doubtful accounts is not material to fees receivable.

Brokerage Transactions

Brokerage Transactions

Customers’ securities transactions are recorded on a settlement date basis, with related commission income and expenses reported on a trade date basis. Receivables from and payables to clients include amounts due on cash and margin transactions. Securities owned by customers are held as collateral for receivables; such collateral is not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. We have the ability by contract or custom to sell or re-pledge this collateral, and have done so at various times. As of December 31, 2016, there were no re-pledged securities. Principal securities transactions and related expenses are recorded on a trade date basis.

Securities borrowed and securities loaned by our broker-dealer subsidiaries are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced or received in connection with the transaction and are included in receivables from and payables to brokers and dealers in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Securities borrowed transactions require us to deposit cash collateral with the lender. With respect to securities loaned, we receive cash collateral from the borrower. See Note 8 for securities borrowed and loaned amounts recorded in our consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. The initial collateral advanced or received approximates or is greater than the fair value of securities borrowed or loaned. We monitor the fair value of the securities borrowed and loaned on a daily basis and request additional collateral or return excess collateral, as appropriate. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, there is no allowance provision required for the collateral advanced. Income or expense is recognized over the life of the transaction.

Investments

Investments

Investments include U.S. Treasury Bills, unconsolidated mutual funds and limited partnership hedge funds we sponsor and manage, various separately-managed portfolios consisting of equity and fixed income securities, exchange-traded options and investments owned by a consolidated venture capital fund in which we own a controlling interest as the general partner and a 10% limited partnership interest.

Investments in U.S. Treasury Bills, mutual funds, and equity and fixed income securities are classified as either trading or available-for-sale securities. Trading investments are stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income. Available-for-sale investments are stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in partners’ capital. Realized gains and losses on the sale of investments are reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income. Average cost is used to determine realized gain or loss on investments sold.

We use the equity method of accounting for investments in limited partnership hedge funds. The equity in earnings of our limited partnership hedge fund investments is reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income.

The investments owned by our consolidated venture capital fund generally are illiquid and initially are valued at cost. These investments are adjusted to fair value to reflect the occurrence of “significant developments” (i.e., capital transactions or business, economic or market events). Adjustments to fair value are reported in investment gains and losses on the consolidated statements of income. There are two private equity investments that we own directly outside of our consolidated venture capital fund accounted for at fair value.

Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net

Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net

Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of eight years for furniture and three to six years for equipment and software. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the related leases.

Goodwill

Goodwill

In 2000, AB acquired SCB Inc., an investment research and management company formerly known as Sanford C. Bernstein Inc. (“Bernstein”). The Bernstein acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method and the cost of the acquisition was allocated on the basis of the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired, net of liabilities assumed, resulted in the recognition of goodwill of approximately $3.0 billion.

As of December 31, 2016, goodwill of $3.1 billion on the consolidated statement of financial condition included $2.8 billion as a result of the Bernstein acquisition and $266 million in regard to various smaller acquisitions. We have determined that AB has only one reporting segment and reporting unit.

We test our goodwill annually, as of September 30, for impairment. As of September 30, 2016, the impairment test indicated that goodwill was not impaired. We also review the carrying value of goodwill if facts and circumstances occur that suggest possible impairment, such as significant declines in AUM, revenues, earnings or the price of an AB Holding Unit.

Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets consist primarily of costs assigned to acquired investment management contracts of Bernstein based on their estimated fair value at the time of acquisition, less accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are recognized at fair value and generally are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life ranging from six years to 20 years.

As of December 31, 2016, intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, of $134.6 million on the consolidated statement of financial condition consisted of $121.1 million of definite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, of which $77.6 million relates to the Bernstein acquisition, and $13.5 million of indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization in regard to other acquisitions. As of December 31, 2015, intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, of $145.7 million on the consolidated statement of financial condition consisted of $132.2 million of definite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, of which $98.3 million related to the Bernstein acquisition, and $13.5 million of indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization in regard to other acquisitions. The gross carrying amount of definite-lived intangible assets totaled $476.1 million as of December 31, 2016 and $460.8 million as of December 31, 2015, and accumulated amortization was $355.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and $328.6 million as of December 31, 2015. Amortization expense was $26.3 million for 2016, $25.8 million for 2015 and $24.9 million for 2014. Estimated annual amortization expense for each of the next three years is approximately $28 million, then approximately $20 million in year four and $5 million in year five.

We periodically review intangible assets for impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, we perform additional impairment tests to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any.

Deferred Sales Commissions, Net

Deferred Sales Commissions, Net

We pay commissions to financial intermediaries in connection with the sale of shares of open-end company-sponsored mutual funds sold without a front-end sales charge (“back-end load shares”). These commissions are capitalized as deferred sales commissions and amortized over periods not exceeding five and one-half years for U.S. fund shares and four years for Non-U.S. Fund shares, the periods of time during which deferred sales commissions generally are recovered. We recover these commissions from distribution services fees received from those funds and from contingent deferred sales commissions (“CDSC”) received from shareholders of those funds upon the redemption of their shares. CDSC cash recoveries are recorded as reductions of unamortized deferred sales commissions when received. Since January 31, 2009, our U.S. mutual funds have not offered back-end load shares to new investors. As of December 31, 2016, our Non-U.S. Funds are no longer offering back-end load shares, except in isolated instances.

We periodically review the deferred sales commission asset for impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

Loss Contingencies

Loss Contingencies

With respect to all significant litigation matters, we consider the likelihood of a negative outcome. If we determine the likelihood of a negative outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, we record an estimated loss for the expected outcome of the litigation. If the likelihood of a negative outcome is reasonably possible and we are able to determine an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss in excess of amounts already accrued, if any, we disclose that fact together with the estimate of the possible loss or range of loss. However, it is often difficult to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss because litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, particularly when plaintiffs allege substantial or indeterminate damages. Such is also the case when the litigation is in its early stages or when the litigation is highly complex or broad in scope. In these cases, we disclose that we are unable to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

We record as revenue investment advisory and services fees, which we generally calculate as a percentage of AUM, as we perform the related services. Certain investment advisory contracts, including those associated with hedge funds or other alternative investments, provide for a performance-based fee, in addition to a base advisory fee, which is calculated as either a percentage of absolute investment results or a percentage of investment results in excess of a stated benchmark over a specified period of time. We record performance-based fees as a component of revenue at the end of each contract’s measurement period.

We calculate AUM using established market-based valuation methods and fair valuation (non-observable market) methods. Market-based valuation methods include: last sale/settle prices from an exchange for actively-traded listed equities, options and futures; evaluated bid prices from recognized pricing vendors for fixed income, asset-backed or mortgage-backed issues; mid prices from recognized pricing vendors and brokers for credit default swaps; and quoted bids or spreads from pricing vendors and brokers for other derivative products. Fair valuation methods include: discounted cash flow models, evaluation of assets versus liabilities or any other methodology that is validated and approved by our Valuation Committee (see paragraph immediately below for additional information about our Valuation Committee). Fair valuation methods are used only where AUM cannot be valued using market-based valuation methods, such as in the case of private equity or illiquid securities.

The Valuation Committee, which consists of senior officers and employees, is responsible for overseeing the pricing and valuation of all investments held in client and AB portfolios. The Valuation Committee has adopted a Statement of Pricing Policies describing principles and policies that apply to pricing and valuing investments held in these portfolios. We also have a Pricing Group, which reports to the Valuation Committee, and is responsible for overseeing the pricing process for all investments.

Bernstein Research Services revenues consist primarily of brokerage commissions for research and brokerage-related services provided to institutional investors. Brokerage commissions earned and related expenses are recorded on a trade-date basis.

Distribution revenues, shareholder servicing fees (included in other revenues), and dividend and interest income are accrued as earned.

Contingent Payment Arrangements

Contingent Payment Arrangements

We periodically enter into contingent payment arrangements in connection with our business combinations. In these arrangements, we agree to pay additional consideration to the sellers to the extent that certain performance targets are achieved. We estimate the fair value of these potential future obligations at the time a business combination is consummated and record a liability on our consolidated statements of financial condition. We then accrete the obligation to its expected payment amount over the measurement period. If our expected payment amount subsequently changes, the obligation is modified in the current period resulting in a gain or loss. Both gains and losses resulting from changes to expected payments and the accretion of these obligations to their expected payment amounts are reflected within contingent payment arrangements in our consolidated statements of income.

Mutual Fund Underwriting Activities

Mutual Fund Underwriting Activities

Purchases and sales of shares of company-sponsored mutual funds in connection with the underwriting activities of our subsidiaries, including related commission income, are recorded on trade date. Receivables from brokers and dealers for sale of shares of company-sponsored mutual funds generally are realized within three business days from trade date, in conjunction with the settlement of the related payables to company-sponsored mutual funds for share purchases. Distribution plan and other promotion and servicing payments are recognized as expense when incurred.

Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans

Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans

We maintain several unfunded, non-qualified long-term incentive compensation plans, under which we grant annual awards to employees, generally in the fourth quarter.

Awards granted in December 2016, 2015 and 2014 allowed participants to allocate their awards between restricted AB Holding Units and deferred cash. Participants (except certain members of senior management) generally could allocate up to 50% of their awards to deferred cash, not to exceed a total of $250,000 per award. Each of our employees based outside of the United States (other than expatriates), who received an award of $100,000 or less, could have allocated up to 100% of his or her award to deferred cash. Participants allocated their awards prior to the date on which the Compensation Committee granted awards in December 2016, 2015 and 2014. For these awards, the number of AB Holding Units awarded was based on the closing price of an AB Holding Unit on the grant date. For awards granted in 2016, 2015 and 2014:

• We engage in open-market purchases of AB Holding Units or purchase newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding that are awarded to participants and keep them in a consolidated rabbi trust.

• Quarterly distributions on vested and unvested AB Holding Units are paid currently to participants, regardless of whether or not a long-term deferral election has been made.

• Interest on deferred cash is accrued monthly based on our monthly weighted average cost of funds.

We recognize compensation expense related to equity compensation grants in the financial statements using the fair value method. Fair value of restricted AB Holding Unit awards is the closing price of an AB Holding Unit on the grant date; fair value of options is determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Under the fair value method, compensatory expense is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and is recognized over the required service period. For year-end long-term incentive compensation awards, employees who resign or are terminated without cause may retain their awards, subject to compliance with certain agreements and restrictive covenants set forth in the applicable award agreement, including restrictions on competition and employee and client solicitation, and a claw-back for failing to follow existing risk management policies. Because there is no service requirement, we fully expense these awards on grant date. Most equity replacement, sign-on or similar deferred compensation awards included in separate employment agreements or arrangements include a required service period. Regardless of whether or not the award agreement includes employee service requirements, AB Holding Units typically are delivered to employees ratably over four years, unless the employee has made a long-term deferral election.

Grants of restricted AB Holding Units and options to buy AB Holding Units typically are awarded during the second quarter to members of the Board of Directors of the General Partner, who are not employed by our company or by any of our affiliates (“Eligible Directors”). Restricted AB Holding Units are delivered on the third anniversary of the grant date and the options become exercisable ratably over three years. These restricted AB Holding Units and options are not forfeitable (except if the Eligible Director is terminated for “Cause”, as that term is defined in the applicable award agreement). We fully expense these awards on grant date, as there is no service requirement.

We fund our restricted AB Holding Unit awards either by purchasing AB Holding Units on the open market or purchasing newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding, and then keeping all of these AB Holding Units in a consolidated rabbi trust until delivering them or retiring them. In accordance with the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB (“AB Partnership Agreement”), when AB purchases newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding, AB Holding is required to use the proceeds it receives from AB to purchase the equivalent number of newly-issued AB Units, thus increasing its percentage ownership interest in AB. AB Holding Units held in the consolidated rabbi trust are corporate assets in the name of the trust and are available to the general creditors of AB.

During 2016 and 2015, we purchased 10.5 million and 8.5 million AB Holding Units for $236.6 million and $218.3 million, respectively (on a trade date basis). These amounts reflect open-market purchases of 7.9 million and 5.8 million AB Holding Units for $176.1 million and $151.1 million, respectively, with the remainder relating to purchases of AB Holding Units from employees to allow them to fulfill statutory tax withholding requirements at the time of delivery of long-term incentive compensation awards. Purchases of AB Holding Units reflected on the consolidated statements of cash flows are net of AB Holding Units purchased by employees as part of a distribution reinvestment election.

Each quarter, we consider whether to implement a plan to repurchase AB Holding Units pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). A Rule 10b5-1 plan allows a company to repurchase its shares at times when it otherwise might be prevented from doing so because of self-imposed trading blackout periods or because it possesses material non-public information. Each broker we select has the authority under the terms and limitations specified in the plan to repurchase AB Holding Units on our behalf in accordance with the terms of the plan. Repurchases are subject to regulations promulgated by the SEC as well as certain price, market volume and timing constraints specified in the plan. The plan adopted during the fourth quarter of 2016 expired at the close of business on February 10, 2017. We may adopt additional Rule 10b5-1 plans in the future to engage in open-market purchases of AB Holding Units to help fund anticipated obligations under our incentive compensation award program and for other corporate purposes.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated from functional currencies into United States dollars (“US$”) at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates, and related revenues and expenses are translated into US$ at average exchange rates in effect during each period. Net foreign currency gains and losses resulting from the translation of assets and liabilities of foreign operations into US$ are reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Cash Distributions

Cash Distributions

AB is required to distribute all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the AB Partnership Agreement, to its Unitholders and to the General Partner. Available Cash Flow can be summarized as the cash flow received by AB from operations minus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be retained by AB for use in its business, or plus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be released from previously retained cash flow.

Typically, Available Cash Flow has been the adjusted diluted net income per unit for the quarter multiplied by the number of general and limited partnership interests at the end of the quarter. In future periods, management anticipates that Available Cash Flow will be based on adjusted diluted net income per unit, unless management determines that one or more non-GAAP adjustments that are made for adjusted net income should not be made with respect to the Available Cash Flow calculation.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income

We report all changes in comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Comprehensive income includes net income, as well as unrealized gains and losses on investments classified as available-for-sale, foreign currency translation adjustments, and unrecognized actuarial net losses and transition assets. Deferred taxes are not recognized on foreign currency translation adjustments for foreign subsidiaries whose earnings are considered permanently invested outside the United States.

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Business Description and Organization (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Ownership Interest By Limited Partners

As of December 31, 2016, the ownership structure of AB, expressed as a percentage of general and limited partnership interests, is as follows:

AXA and its subsidiaries	63.2	%
AB Holding	35.6
Unaffiliated holders	1.2
	100.0	%

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Revision

The tables below reflect the revisions to these line items for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 presented in this Form 10-K:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Revised
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Income taxes	$	38,122	$	6,675		$	44,797
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	586,602		(6,675		)	579,927
Basic net income per AB Unit	2.14		(0.03		)	2.11
Diluted net income per AB Unit	2.13		(0.03		)	2.10

	Year Ended December 31, 2014
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Revised
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Income taxes	$	37,782	$	6,522		$	44,304
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	570,383		(6,522		)	563,861
Basic net income per AB Unit	2.10		(0.03		)	2.07
Diluted net income per AB Unit	2.09		(0.02		)	2.07

Summary of Balance Sheet Amounts Related to VIEs

The table below illustrates the summary balance sheet amounts related to these VIEs at their consolidation dates:

	January 1, 2016		Year Ended December 31, 2016
	ASU 2015-02 Adoption		VIEs Consolidated		VIEs De-consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,817	$	371,457	$	(12,923	)
Investments	215,175		85,381		(125,636		)
Other assets	13,871		23,473		(59,684		)
Total assets	$	264,863	$	480,311	$	(198,243	)
Liabilities	$	14,012	$	41,245	$	(60,332	)
Redeemable non-controlling interest	250,851		394,102		(137,911		)
Partners' capital	—		44,964		—
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and partners' capital	$	264,863	$	480,311	$	(198,243	)

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Real Estate Charges (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Real Estate Liability Account Activity Related to Workforce Reduction

The activity in the liability account relating to our 2010 and 2012 office space consolidation initiatives for 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Balance as of January 1,	$	116,064		$	148,429
(Credit) expense incurred	(2,874		)	2,258
Payments made	(25,829		)	(38,920		)
Interest accretion	4,293			4,297
Balance as of end of period	$	91,654		$	116,064

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Net Income Per Unit (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Unit, Basic and Diluted

Basic net income per unit is derived by reducing net income for the 1% general partnership interest and dividing the remaining 99% by the basic weighted average number of units outstanding for each year. Diluted net income per unit is derived by reducing net income for the 1% general partnership interest and dividing the remaining 99% by the total of the diluted weighted average number of units outstanding for each year.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	673,358	$	579,927	$	563,861
Weighted average units outstanding—basic	269,084		271,745		269,118
Dilutive effect of compensatory options to buy AB Holding Units	554		1,037		1,148
Weighted average units outstanding—diluted	269,638		272,782		270,266
Basic net income per AB Unit	$	2.48	$	2.11	$	2.07
Diluted net income per AB Unit	$	2.47	$	2.10	$	2.07

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Investments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Summary of Investments

Investments consist of:

	December 31,
	2016		2015
	(in thousands)
Available-for-sale	$	45	$	364
Trading:
Long-term incentive compensation-related	50,935		59,150
U.S. Treasury Bills	28,937		24,942
Seed capital	211,279		406,322
Equities	6,602		43,584
Exchange-traded options	3,106		5,910
Investments in limited partnership hedge funds:
Long-term incentive compensation-related	16,826		19,004
Seed capital	23,704		20,082
Consolidated private equity fund	—		23,897
Private equity	45,278		48,761
Investments held by consolidated VIEs	550,850		—
Time deposits	70,097		9,906
Other	7,522		7,878
Total investments	$	1,015,181	$	669,800

Summary of the Cost and Fair Value of Available-For-Sale and Trading Investments

The cost and fair value of available-for-sale investments held as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016:
Equity investments	$	23	$	—	$	—		$	23
Fixed income investments	22		2		(2		)	22
	$	45	$	2	$	(2	)	$	45
December 31, 2015:
Equity investments	$	188	$	2	$	(9	)	$	181
Fixed income investments	197		2		(16		)	183
	$	385	$	4	$	(25	)	$	364

The portion of trading gains (losses) related to trading securities held as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period	$	7,030		$	(27,246	)
Less: net (losses) gains recognized during the period on trading securities sold during the period	(11,294		)	5,812
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on trading securities held	$	18,324		$	(33,058	)

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Derivative Instruments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Derivative Instruments

The notional value, fair value and gains and losses recognized in investment gains (losses) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 for derivative instruments (excluding derivative instruments relating to our options desk trading activities and consolidated VIEs discussed below) not designated as hedging instruments were as follows:

	Notional Value		Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities		Gains (Losses)
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Exchange-traded futures	$	103,108	$	1,224	$	1,092	$	(2,754	)
Currency forwards	180,820		4,541		4,711		(2,028		)
Interest rate swaps	40,664		940		897		(572		)
Credit default swaps	45,108		1,205		905		(1,338		)
Option swaps	—		—		—		(70		)
Total return swaps	90,043		503		1,044		(8,766		)
Total derivatives	$	459,743	$	8,413	$	8,649	$	(15,528	)
December 31, 2015
Exchange-traded futures	$	160,755	$	1,539	$	2,651	$	8,572
Currency forwards	262,873		4,604		4,077		7,445
Interest rate swaps	65,484		2,945		3,745		(443		)
Credit default swaps	29,421		2,089		774		(253		)
Option swaps	24		9		2		11
Total return swaps	146,001		1,402		972		(160		)
Total derivatives	$	664,558	$	12,588	$	12,221	$	15,172

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Offsetting Assets and Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Offsetting [Abstract]

Offsetting of Financial Assets

Offsetting of assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows:

	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Financial Instruments		Collateral Received			Net Amount
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Securities borrowed	$	82,814	$	—	$	82,814	$	—	$	(82,814	)	$	—
Derivatives	$	8,413	$	—	$	8,413	$	—	$	(810	)	$	7,603
Derivatives held by consolidated VIEs	$	4,997	$	—	$	4,997	$	—	$	(461	)	$	4,536
Long exchange-traded options	$	3,106	$	—	$	3,106	$	—	$	—		$	3,106
December 31, 2015
Securities borrowed	$	75,274	$	—	$	75,274	$	—	$	(75,274	)	$	—
Derivatives	$	12,588	$	—	$	12,588	$	—	$	(1,518	)	$	11,070
Long exchange-traded options	$	5,910	$	—	$	5,910	$	—	$	—		$	5,910

Offsetting of Financial Liabilities

Offsetting of liabilities as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows:

	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Financial Instruments		Collateral Pledged			Net Amount
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Securities loaned	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
Derivatives	$	8,649	$	—	$	8,649	$	—	$	(6,239	)	$	2,410
Derivatives held by consolidated VIEs	$	2,081	$	—	$	2,081	$	—	$	(2,081	)	$	—
Short exchange-traded options	$	692	$	—	$	692	$	—	$	—		$	692
December 31, 2015
Securities loaned	$	9,518	$	—	$	9,518	$	—	$	(9,518	)	$	—
Derivatives	$	12,221	$	—	$	12,221	$	—	$	(12,221	)	$	—
Short exchange-traded options	$	843	$	—	$	843	$	—	$	—		$	843

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Fair Value (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis

Valuation of our financial instruments by pricing observability levels as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2016:
Money markets	$	107,250	$	—	$	—	$	107,250
U.S. Treasury Bills	—		922,126		—		922,126
Available-for-sale
Equity securities	23		—		—		23
Fixed income securities	22		—		—		22
Trading

Equity securities	158,316		17,785		110		176,211
Fixed income securities	80,473		11,107		—		91,580
Long exchange-traded options	3,106		—		—		3,106
Derivatives	1,224		7,189		—		8,413
Private equity	—		—		4,913		4,913
Consolidated VIEs
Investments	341,830		203,197		5,741		550,768
Derivatives	58		1,739		—		1,797
Total assets measured at fair value	$	692,302	$	1,163,143	$	10,764	$	1,866,209
Securities sold not yet purchased
Short equities – corporate	$	40,252	$	—	$	—	$	40,252
Short exchange-traded options	692		—		—		692
Derivatives	1,092		7,557		—		8,649
Consolidated VIEs
Short equities	248,419		—		—		248,419
Derivatives	48		2,033		—		2,081
Contingent payment arrangements	—		—		17,589		17,589
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	290,503	$	9,590	$	17,589	$	317,682
December 31, 2015:
Money markets	$	116,445	$	—	$	—	$	116,445
U.S. Treasury Bills	—		485,121		—		485,121
Available-for-sale
Equity securities	181		—		—		181
Fixed income securities	183		—		—		183
Trading
Equity securities	325,248		874		113		326,235
Fixed income securities	170,244		12,532		—		182,776
Long exchange-traded options	5,910		—		—		5,910
Derivatives	1,539		11,049		—		12,588
Private equity	14,305		—		16,035		30,340
Total assets measured at fair value	$	634,055	$	509,576	$	16,148	$	1,159,779
Securities sold not yet purchased
Short equities – corporate	$	15,254	$	—	$	—	$	15,254
Short exchange-traded options	843		—		—		843
Derivatives	2,651		9,570		—		12,221
Contingent payment arrangements	—		—		31,399		31,399
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	18,748	$	9,570	$	31,399	$	59,717

Fair Value Measurement Level 3 Reconciliation

The change in carrying value associated with Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value, classified as private equity investments, trading equity securities and investments held by our consolidated VIEs, is as follows:

	December 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
	(in thousands)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	16,148		$	27,813
Transfers out	(23,566		)	(26		)
Activity related to consolidated VIEs	19,772			—
Purchases	—			195
Sales	—			(14,178		)
Realized gains, net	—			1,983
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(1,590		)	361
Balance as of end of period	$	10,764		$	16,148

Quantitative Information About Private Equity Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

Quantitative information about our consolidated venture capital fund Level 3 fair value measurements as of December 31, 2015 was as follows:

	Fair Value as of December 31, 2015		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range
	(in thousands)
Technology, Media and Telecommunications	$	9,527	Market comparable companies	Revenue multiple	2.5 – 4.8
				Marketability discount	30	%

Schedule of Contingent Payment Arrangements Level 3 Financial Instruments

The change in carrying value associated with Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value, classified as contingent payment arrangements, is as follows:

	December 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
	(in thousands)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	31,399		$	42,436
Addition	11,893			—
Accretion	1,237			1,770
Changes in estimates	(21,482		)	(7,211		)
Payments	(5,458		)	(5,596		)
Balance as of end of period	$	17,589		$	31,399

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Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvement, Net

Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net consist of:

	December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Furniture and equipment	$	535,890		$	529,488
Leasehold improvements	247,121			258,280
	783,011			787,768
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(623,447		)	(627,408		)
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	$	159,564		$	160,360

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Deferred Sales Commissions, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Deferred Sales Commissions

The components of deferred sales commissions, net for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (excluding amounts related to fully amortized deferred sales commissions):

	December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Carrying amount of deferred sales commissions	$	903,252		$	970,671
Less: Accumulated amortization	(565,681		)	(606,963		)
Cumulative CDSC received	(273,681		)	(264,638		)
Deferred sales commissions, net	$	63,890		$	99,070

Expected Amortization of Deferred Sales Commissions

Estimated future amortization expense related to the December 31, 2016 net asset balance, assuming no additional CDSC is received in future periods, is as follows (in thousands):

2017	$	32,206
2018	21,092
2019	7,688
2020	2,864
2021	36
2022	4
	$	63,890

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Future Minimum Payments Under Non-Cancelable Leases, Sublease Commitments and Related Party

The future minimum payments under non-cancelable leases, sublease commitments and related payments we are obligated to make, net of sublease commitments of third party lessees to make payments to us, as of December 31, 2016, are as follows:

	Payments		Sublease Receipts		Net Payments
	(in millions)
2017	$	138.3	$	43.3	$	95.0
2018	132.3		44.2		88.1
2019	125.9		43.6		82.3
2020	105.7		27.2		78.5
2021	99.2		25.8		73.4
2022 and thereafter	291.0		66.8		224.2
Total future minimum payments	$	892.4	$	250.9	$	641.5

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Qualified Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Change in Projected Benefit Obligation, Fair Value of Plan Assets and Funded Status of Plan

The Retirement Plan’s projected benefit obligation, fair value of plan assets, and funded status (amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition) were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	107,784		$	113,733
Interest cost	4,972			4,816
Plan amendments	—			827
Actuarial loss (gain)	1,794			(6,698		)
Benefits paid	(3,235		)	(4,894		)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year	111,315			107,784
Change in plan assets:
Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year	86,292			90,320
Actual return on plan assets	3,642			866
Employer contribution	—			—
Benefits paid	(3,235		)	(4,894		)
Plan assets at fair value at end of year	86,699			86,292
Funded status	$	(24,616	)	$	(21,492	)

Reconciliation of Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income for the Retirement Plan

The amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the Retirement Plan for 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Unrecognized net (loss) gain from experience different from that assumed and effects of changes and assumptions	$	(3,115	)	$	2,882		$	(20,803	)
Prior service cost	93			(895		)	—
	(3,022		)	1,987			(20,803		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(10		)	(99		)	232
Other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(3,032	)	$	1,888		$	(20,571	)

The reconciliation of the 2016 amounts recognized in other comprehensive income for the Retirement Plan as compared to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income ("OCI Statement") is as follows:

	Retirement Plan			Retired Individual Plan			Foreign Retirement Plans			OCI Statement
	(in thousands)
Recognized actuarial (loss) gain	$	(3,115	)	$	22		$	50		$	(3,043	)
Amortization of prior service cost	93			—			—			93
Changes in employee benefit related items	(3,022		)	22			50			(2,950		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(10		)	(1		)	(11		)	(22		)
Employee benefit related items, net of tax	$	(3,032	)	$	21		$	39		$	(2,972	)

Amounts Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Retirement Plan

The amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the Retirement Plan as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Unrecognized net loss from experience different from that assumed and effects of changes and assumptions	$	(46,430	)	$	(43,314	)
Prior service cost	(803		)	(895		)
	(47,233		)	(44,209		)
Income tax benefit	457			468
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(46,776	)	$	(43,741	)

Expected Future Benefit Payments

Benefit payments are expected to be paid as follows (in thousands):

2017	$	4,302
2018	5,545
2019	6,048
2020	5,109
2021	5,872
2022-2026	37,837

Net (Benefit) Expense Under the Retirement Plan

Net (benefit) expense under the Retirement Plan consisted of:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Interest cost on projected benefit obligations	$	4,972		$	4,816		$	4,895
Expected return on plan assets	(5,407		)	(6,176		)	(6,493		)
Amortization of prior service cost	24			—			—
Recognized actuarial loss	959			979			490
Net pension (benefit) expense	$	548		$	(381	)	$	(1,108	)

Actuarial Computations Used to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Costs

Actuarial computations used to determine net periodic costs were made utilizing the following weighted-average assumptions:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
Discount rate on benefit obligations	4.75	%	4.3	%	5.3	%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	6.5		7.0		7.5

Retirement Plan Asset Allocation

The Retirement Plan’s asset allocation percentages consisted of:

	December 31,
	2016		2015
Equity	61	%	56	%
Debt securities	18		24
Other	21		20
	100	%	100	%

Valuation of Retirement Plan Assets by Pricing Observability Levels

The valuation of our Retirement Plan assets by pricing observability levels as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2016:
Cash	$	344	$	—	$	—	$	344
Fixed income mutual funds	21,441		—		—		21,441
Equity mutual fund	25,037		—		—		25,037
Equity securities	20,690		—		—		20,690
Total assets in the fair value hierarchy	67,512		—		—		67,512
Investments measured at net assets value	—		—		—		19,187
Investments at fair value	$	67,512	$	—	$	—	$	86,699

December 31, 2015:
Cash	$	445	$	—	$	—	$	445
Fixed income mutual funds	21,555		—		—		21,555
Equity mutual fund	23,603		—		—		23,603
Equity securities	21,586		—		—		21,586
Total assets in the fair value hierarchy	67,189		—		—		67,189
Investments measured at net assets value	—		—		—		19,103
Investments at fair value	$	67,189	$	—	$	—	$	86,292

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Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Compensation Related Costs [Abstract]

Schedule of Black-Scholes Option Assumptions Valuation Model

The weighted average fair value of options to buy AB Holding Units granted during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $2.75, $4.13 and $4.78, respectively, on the date of grant, determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:

	2016		2015		2014
Risk-free interest rate	1.3	%	1.5	%	1.5	%
Expected cash distribution yield	7.1	%	7.1	%	8.4	%
Historical volatility factor	31.0	%	32.1	%	48.9	%
Expected term	6.0 years		6.0 years		6.0 years

Summary of Option Awards Activity

The activity in our option plan during 2016 is as follows:

	Options to Buy AB Holding Units		Weighted Average Exercise  Price Per Option		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2015	5,398,471		$	47.59	2.9
Granted	54,546		22.64
Exercised	(358,262	)	17.05
Forfeited	—		—
Expired	(9,712	)	65.02
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016	5,085,043		49.45		2.0	$	—
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016	4,700,909		47.58		1.9	—
Vested or expected to vest as of December 31, 2016	5,085,043		49.45		2.0	—

Summary of Activity of Unvested Restricted Holding Units

Changes in unvested restricted AB Holding Units during 2016 are as follows:

	AB Holding Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per AB Holding Unit
Unvested as of December 31, 2015	19,779,814		$	22.05
Granted	7,085,482		23.14
Vested	(7,384,528	)	21.58
Forfeited	(334,727	)	24.05
Unvested as of December 31, 2016	19,146,041		22.60

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Units Outstanding (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Equity [Abstract]

Changes in Units Outstanding

Changes in AB Units outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	2016		2015
Outstanding as of January 1,	272,301,827		273,040,452
Options exercised	358,262		541,073
Units issued	4,455,944		4,600,583
Units retired	(8,222,499	)	(5,880,281	)
Outstanding as of December 31,	268,893,534		272,301,827

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Earnings Before Income Taxes and Income Tax Expense

Earnings before income taxes and income tax expense consist of:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Earnings before income taxes:
United States	$	614,261		$	520,282	$	493,311
Foreign	108,904			110,817		115,310
Total	$	723,165		$	631,099	$	608,621
Income tax expense:
Partnership UBT	$	5,363		$	8,027	$	10,042
Corporate subsidiaries:
Federal	291			7,957		12,464
State and local	1,064			661		1,372
Foreign	28,158			26,822		31,273
Current tax expense	34,876			43,467		55,151
Deferred tax (benefit)	(6,557		)	1,330		(10,847		)
Income tax expense	$	28,319		$	44,797	$	44,304

Difference Between the Effective Tax Rates and UBT Statutory Tax Rate

The principal reasons for the difference between the effective tax rates and the UBT statutory tax rate of 4.0% are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016					2015					2014
	(in thousands)
UBT statutory rate	$	28,927		4.0	%	$	25,244		4.0	%	$	24,345		4.0	%
Corporate subsidiaries’ federal, state, local and foreign income taxes	17,907			2.5		31,223			4.9		30,353			5.0
Effect of ASC 740 adjustments, miscellaneous taxes, and other	(1,070		)	(0.2	)	2,965			0.5		3,393			0.6
Income not taxable resulting from use of UBT business apportionment factors	(17,445		)	(2.4	)	(14,635		)	(2.3	)	(13,787		)	(2.3	)
Income tax expense and effective tax rate	$	28,319		3.9		$	44,797		7.1		$	44,304		7.3

Reconciliation of the Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	12,004	$	11,311	$	2,975
Additions for prior year tax positions	—		—		2,838
Reductions for prior year tax positions	—		—		—
Additions for current year tax positions	592		693		5,498
Reductions for current year tax positions	—		—		—
Reductions related to closed years/settlements with tax authorities	—		—		—
Balance as of end of period	$	12,596	$	12,004	$	11,311

Tax Effect of Significant Items Comprising the Net Deferred Tax Asset (Liability)

The tax effect of significant items comprising the net deferred tax asset (liability) is as follows:

	December 31,
	2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Deferred tax asset:
Differences between book and tax basis:
Benefits from net operating loss carryforwards	$	6,066		$	18,887
Long-term incentive compensation plans	15,468			17,092
Other, primarily accrued expenses deductible when paid	16,730			18,490
	38,264			54,469
Less: valuation allowance	(462		)	(13,709		)
Deferred tax asset	37,802			40,760
Deferred tax liability:
Differences between book and tax basis:
Intangible assets	6,302			6,520
Translation adjustment	—			8,220
Other	1,960			766
Deferred tax liability	8,262			15,506
Net deferred tax asset	$	29,540		$	25,254

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Business Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Net Revenues From Investment Management, Research and Related Services

Net revenues derived from our investment management, research and related services were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Institutions	$	422,060	$	435,205	$	434,081
Retail	1,261,907		1,362,541		1,397,135
Private Wealth Management	711,599		689,853		664,324
Bernstein Research Services	479,875		493,463		482,538
Other	162,461		42,986		29,714
Total revenues	3,037,902		3,024,048		3,007,792
Less: Interest expense	9,123		3,321		2,426
Net revenues	$	3,028,779	$	3,020,727	$	3,005,366

Net Revenues and Long-Lived Assets, Related to Geographic Areas

Net revenues and long-lived assets, related to our U.S. and international operations, as of and for the years ended December 31, were as follows:

	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Net revenues:
United States	$	1,901,571	$	1,829,518	$	1,779,422
International	1,127,208		1,191,209		1,225,944
Total	$	3,028,779	$	3,020,727	$	3,005,366
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	3,388,221	$	3,410,491
International	36,539		39,456
Total	$	3,424,760	$	3,449,947

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Related Party Transactions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Revenues for Services Provided or Related to the Mutual Funds

Revenues for services provided or related to the mutual funds are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Investment advisory and services fees	$	998,892	$	1,056,227	$	1,061,677
Distribution revenues	371,604		415,380		433,063
Shareholder servicing fees	76,201		85,207		91,020
Other revenues	6,253		4,939		6,694
Bernstein Research Services	5		4		13

Consolidated Financial Statements for Transactions with Related Parties

Aggregate amounts included in the consolidated financial statements for transactions with AXA and its subsidiaries, as of and for the years ended December 31, are as follows:

	2016			2015			2014
	(in thousands)
Revenues:
Investment advisory and services fees	$	150,016		$	149,035		$	131,317
Bernstein Research Services	583			694			958
Distribution revenues	12,145			11,541			11,590
Other revenues	969			912			1,066
	$	163,713		$	162,182		$	144,931
Expenses:
Commissions and distribution payments to financial intermediaries	$	16,077		$	16,140		$	16,255
General and administrative	16,315			17,680			20,176
Other	1,653			1,483			1,457
	$	34,045		$	35,303		$	37,888
Balance Sheet:
Institutional investment advisory and services fees receivable	$	11,826		$	12,622
Prepaid expenses	1,461			1,431
Other due to AXA and its subsidiaries	(5,325		)	(6,231		)
	$	7,962		$	7,822

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Non-controlling Interests (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Non-controlling Interest in Net Income

Non-controlling interest in net income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 consisted of the following:

	2016		2015		2014
	(in thousands)
Consolidated VIEs	$	21,176	$	—	$	—
Consolidated private equity fund	—		5,940		487
Other	312		435		(31		)
Total non-controlling interest in net income (loss)	$	21,488	$	6,375	$	456

Non-Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

Non-redeemable non-controlling interest as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following:

	2016		2015
	(in thousands)
Consolidated VIEs	$	34,622	$	—
Consolidated private equity fund	—		23,171
Other	1,550		1,302
Total non-redeemable non-controlling interest	$	36,172	$	24,473

Redeemable Non-controlling Interest

Redeemable non-controlling interest as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following:

	2016		2015
	(in thousands)
Consolidated VIEs	$	384,294	$	—
CPH Capital Fondsmaeglerselskab A/S acquisition	8,665		13,203
Total redeemable non-controlling interest	$	392,959	$	13,203

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Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Quarterly Financial Data [Abstract]

Quarterly Financial Data

	Quarters Ended 2016
	December 31		September 30		June 30(4)		March 31(4)
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Net revenues	$	786,256	$	747,591	$	725,806	$	769,126
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	224,538	$	158,035	$	124,501	$	166,284
Basic net income per AB Unit(1)	$	0.83	$	0.58	$	0.46	$	0.61
Diluted net income per AB Unit(1)	$	0.83	$	0.58	$	0.46	$	0.60
Cash distributions per AB Unit(2)(3)	$	0.73	$	0.51	$	0.46	$	0.45

	Quarters Ended 2015
	December 31(4)		September 30(4)		June 30(4)		March 31(4)
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
Net revenues	$	726,726	$	738,693	$	792,737	$	762,571
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	159,394	$	133,308	$	147,425	$	139,800
Basic net income per AB Unit(1)	$	0.59	$	0.49	$	0.53	$	0.51
Diluted net income per AB Unit(1)	$	0.58	$	0.48	$	0.53	$	0.51
Cash distributions per AB Unit(2)(3)	$	0.56	$	0.50	$	0.54	$	0.51

(1) Basic and diluted net income per unit are computed independently for each of the periods presented. Accordingly, the sum of the quarterly net income per unit amounts may not agree to the total for the year.

(2) Declared and paid during the following quarter.

(3) Cash distributions reflect the impact of our non-GAAP adjustments.

(4) Certain prior-period amounts have been revised, see Note 2 for a discussion of the revision.

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Business Description and Organization - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 shares
Ownership structure of AB expressed as percentage of general and limited partnership interests
Limited partners or members ownership interest in Company (percent)	100.00%
General Partnership number of general partnership units owned in Holding Company (in units)	100,000
Percentage of General Partnership interest in company	1.00%
AXA and its subsidiaries economic interest in Company	63.70%
AXA And Its Subsidiaries [Member]
Ownership structure of AB expressed as percentage of general and limited partnership interests
Limited partners or members ownership interest in Company (percent)	1.50%

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Business Description and Organization (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Ownership structure of AB Holding
Limited partners or members ownership interest in Company (percent)	100.00%
AXA and its subsidiaries [Member]
Ownership structure of AB Holding
Limited partners or members ownership interest in Company (percent)	63.20%
AB Holding [Member]
Ownership structure of AB Holding
Limited partners or members ownership interest in Company (percent)	35.60%
Unaffiliated holders [Member]
Ownership structure of AB Holding
Limited partners or members ownership interest in Company (percent)	1.20%

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revision (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015		Sep. 30, 2015	[1]	Jun. 30, 2015	[1]	Mar. 31, 2015	[1]	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013	Jan. 01, 2012
Error Corrections and Prior Period Adjustments Restatement [Line Items]
Partners’ capital attributable to AB Unitholders	$ 4,032,017				$ 3,992,748								$ 4,032,017	$ 3,992,748
Income taxes													28,319	44,797	$ 44,304
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$ 224,538	$ 158,035	$ 124,501	$ 166,284	$ 159,394	[1]	$ 133,308		$ 147,425		$ 139,800		$ 673,358	$ 579,927	$ 563,861
Basic net income per AB Unit (in dollars per unit)	$ 0.83	$ 0.58	$ 0.46	$ 0.61	$ 0.59	[1],[2]	$ 0.49	[2]	$ 0.53	[2]	$ 0.51	[2]	$ 2.48	$ 2.11	$ 2.07
Diluted net income per AB Unit (in dollars per unit)	$ 0.83	$ 0.58	$ 0.46	$ 0.60	$ 0.58	[1],[2]	$ 0.48	[2]	$ 0.53	[2]	$ 0.51	[2]	$ 2.47	$ 2.10	$ 2.07
As Reported [Member]
Error Corrections and Prior Period Adjustments Restatement [Line Items]
Income taxes														$ 38,122	$ 37,782
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders														$ 586,602	$ 570,383
Basic net income per AB Unit (in dollars per unit)														$ 2.14	$ 2.10
Diluted net income per AB Unit (in dollars per unit)														$ 2.13	$ 2.09
Adjustment [Member]
Error Corrections and Prior Period Adjustments Restatement [Line Items]
Partners’ capital attributable to AB Unitholders					$ (37,700)									$ (37,700)	$ (31,000)	$ (24,500)	$ (12,600)
Income tax liability arising from prior period restatement	$ 34,200												$ 34,200
Income taxes														6,675	6,522
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders														$ (6,675)	$ (6,522)
Basic net income per AB Unit (in dollars per unit)														$ (0.03)	$ (0.03)
Diluted net income per AB Unit (in dollars per unit)														$ (0.03)	$ (0.02)

[1] Certain prior-period amounts have been revised, see Note 2 for a discussion of the revision.

[2] Basic and diluted net income per unit are computed independently for each of the periods presented. Accordingly, the sum of the quarterly net income per unit amounts may not agree to the total for the year.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Balance Sheet Amounts Related to VIEs (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) investment	Sep. 30, 2016 investment	Jan. 01, 2016 USD ($) investment	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2013 USD ($)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Number of VIEs consolidated | investment		6
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 994,510			$ 541,483	$ 555,503	$ 509,891
Other assets	195,615			210,546
Total assets	8,740,448			7,433,721
Liabilities	4,279,300			3,403,297
Redeemable non-controlling interest	392,959			13,203
Partners’ capital attributable to AB Unitholders	4,032,017			3,992,748
Total liabilities and capital	8,740,448			$ 7,433,721
Net assets of non-consolidated VIEs	43,700,000
Maximum loss exposure	$ 13,000
Adjustments for New Accounting Principle, Early Adoption [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Number of VIEs consolidated | investment	6		3
Accounting Standards Update 2015-02 [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents			$ 35,817
Investments			215,175
Other assets			13,871
Total assets			264,863
Liabilities			14,012
Redeemable non-controlling interest			250,851
Partners’ capital attributable to AB Unitholders			0
Total liabilities and capital			$ 264,863
VIEs Consolidated [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2015-02 [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 371,457
Investments	85,381
Other assets	23,473
Total assets	480,311
Liabilities	41,245
Redeemable non-controlling interest	394,102
Partners’ capital attributable to AB Unitholders	44,964
Total liabilities and capital	480,311
VIEs Deconsolidated [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2015-02 [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	(12,923)
Investments	(125,636)
Other assets	(59,684)
Total assets	(198,243)
Liabilities	(60,332)
Redeemable non-controlling interest	(137,911)
Partners’ capital attributable to AB Unitholders	0
Total liabilities and capital	$ (198,243)

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)		1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Feb. 14, 2017 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2016 $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2016 $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2016 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) $ / shares		Sep. 30, 2015 $ / shares	[1],[2],[3]	Jun. 30, 2015 $ / shares	[1],[2],[3]	Mar. 31, 2015 $ / shares	[1],[2],[3]	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) investment shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)
Collateralized Securities Transactions [Abstract]
Cash on deposit with clearing organizations for trade facilitation purposes		$ 41,700,000	$ 81,400,000	$ 41,700,000				$ 81,400,000								$ 41,700,000	$ 81,400,000
SCB LLC held U.S. Treasury Bills		$ 28,900,000	$ 24,900,000	$ 28,900,000				$ 24,900,000								$ 28,900,000	$ 24,900,000
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Private equity investments owned outside of consolidated venture capital fund | investment																2
Deferred Sales Commissions, Net [Abstract]
Period of time the deferred sales commissions are amortized over for U.S. fund shares																5 years 6 months
Period of time the deferred sales commissions are amortized over for non-U.S. fund shares																4 years
Mutual Fund Underwriting Activities [Abstract]
Period over which receivables from brokers and dealers for sale of shares of company-sponsored mutual funds generally are realized																3 days
Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans [Abstract]
Employee allocation percentage maximum, percent		50.00%		50.00%												50.00%
Long-term incentive cash maximum per employee		$ 250,000		$ 250,000												$ 250,000
Long-term incentive awards vesting periods																4 years
Period over which holding units are typically distributed to Directors																3 years
AB Holding Units purchased in periods (in units) | shares																10,500,000	8,500,000
Dollar amount paid for AB Holding Units acquired																$ 236,600,000	$ 218,300,000
Open-market purchases of AB Holding Units (in units) | shares																7,900,000	5,800,000
Dollar amount paid for open-market purchases of AB Holding Units																$ 176,100,000	$ 151,100,000
Restricted AB Holding Units awarded to employees (in units) | shares		6,100,000	7,000,000													7,000,000	7,400,000
Units issued upon exercise of options (in units) | shares																358,262	541,073
Proceeds from stock options exercised																$ 6,108,000	$ 9,233,000	$ 18,955,000
Foreign Currency Translations [Abstract]
Net foreign currency transaction gains (losses)																$ 1,100,000	1,000,000	(1,600,000)
Cash Distribution [Line Items]
Cash distribution, distribution declared (in dollars per unit) | $ / shares				$ 0.73	$ 0.51	$ 0.46	$ 0.45	$ 0.56	[1],[2],[3]	$ 0.50		$ 0.54		$ 0.51
Percentage of General Partnership interest in company																1.00%
Cash distributions per unit paid to the General Partner and Unitholders (in dollars per unit)																$ 1.98	$ 2.18	$ 2.11
Cash Distribution [Member]
Cash Distribution [Line Items]
Cash distribution, declaration date																Feb. 14, 2017
Percentage of General Partnership interest in company																1.00%
Cash distribution, distribution date																Mar. 09, 2017
Cash distribution, date of record																Feb. 24, 2017
Employees Based Outside of the United States [Member]
Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans [Abstract]
Employee allocation percentage maximum, percent		100.00%		100.00%												100.00%
Long-term incentive cash maximum per employee		$ 100,000		$ 100,000												$ 100,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Cash Distribution [Member]
Cash Distribution [Line Items]
Cash distribution, distribution declared (in dollars per unit) | $ / shares	$ 0.73
Furniture [Member]
Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements [Abstract]
Useful Life																8 years
Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements [Abstract]
Useful Life																3 years
Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements [Abstract]
Useful Life																6 years
Consolidated Private Equity Fund [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage		10.00%		10.00%												10.00%

[1] Cash distributions reflect the impact of our non-GAAP adjustments.

[2] Certain prior-period amounts have been revised, see Note 2 for a discussion of the revision.

[3] Declared and paid during the following quarter.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) segment reporting_unit	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2000 USD ($)
Goodwill [Abstract]
Goodwill	$ 3,066,700	$ 3,044,807
Number of reportable segments | segment	1
Number of reporting units | reporting_unit	1
Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization	$ 134,606	145,710
Definite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, net	121,100	132,200
Indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization	13,500	13,500
Gross carrying amount of intangible assets	476,100	460,800
Accumulated amortization of intangible assets	355,000	328,600
Amortization expense on intangible assets	26,311	25,798	$ 24,916
Future estimated annual amortization expense [Abstract]
2017	28,000
2018	28,000
2019	28,000
2020	20,000
2021	$ 5,000
Minimum [Member]
Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Intangible assets acquired, estimated useful life	6 years
Maximum [Member]
Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Intangible assets acquired, estimated useful life	20 years
Sanford C Bernstein Inc Acquisition [Member]
Goodwill [Abstract]
Goodwill acquired during period				$ 3,000,000
Goodwill	$ 2,800,000
Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Definite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, net	77,600	$ 98,300
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions [Member]
Goodwill [Abstract]
Goodwill	$ 266,000

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Real Estate Charges - Additional Information (Details) ft² in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2012 ft²	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2010 ft² location
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Area of office space to be sub-leased (in square feet) | ft²	510				380
Consolidated number of office locations in New York | location					2
Number of office locations | location					3
Percentage of office space to be subleased in New York	70.00%
Real estate asset write-off charge				$ 5,500
Additional real estate credits		$ (5,100)
Pre-tax real estate charges (credits) as part of work force reduction		17,704	$ 998	52
Restructuring charges		$ 22,800
2012 Plan [Member]
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Real estate asset write-off charge				5,000
Other Charges [Member]
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Real estate asset write-off charge				500
2010-2012 Plan [Member]
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Additional real estate credits				(4,700)
New Charges [Member]
Restructuring Cost And Reserve [Line Items]
Pre-tax real estate charges (credits) as part of work force reduction				$ (700)

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Real Estate Charges - Activity in the Liability Account Relating to Office Space Consolidation Initiatives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Real estate liability restructuring reserve [Abstract]
Balance as of January 1,	$ 116,064	$ 148,429
(Credit) expense incurred	(2,874)	2,258
Payments made	(25,829)	(38,920)
Interest accretion	4,293	4,297
Balance as of end of period	$ 91,654	$ 116,064

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Net Income Per Unit (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]	Sep. 30, 2015	[1]	Jun. 30, 2015	[1]	Mar. 31, 2015	[1]	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Percentage of General Partnership interest in company													1.00%
Percentage of Limited Partners interest in Company													99.00%
Net income per unit, basic and diluted [Abstract]
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$ 224,538	$ 158,035	$ 124,501	$ 166,284	$ 159,394		$ 133,308		$ 147,425		$ 139,800		$ 673,358	$ 579,927	$ 563,861
Weighted average units outstanding—basic (in units)													269,084,000	271,745,000	269,118,000
Dilutive effect of compensatory options to buy AB Holding Units (in units)													554,000	1,037,000	1,148,000
Weighted average units outstanding - diluted (in units)													269,638,000	272,782,000	270,266,000
Basic net income per AB Unit (in dollars per unit)	$ 0.83	$ 0.58	$ 0.46	$ 0.61	$ 0.59	[2]	$ 0.49	[2]	$ 0.53	[2]	$ 0.51	[2]	$ 2.48	$ 2.11	$ 2.07
Diluted net income per AB Unit (in dollars per unit)	$ 0.83	$ 0.58	$ 0.46	$ 0.60	$ 0.58	[2]	$ 0.48	[2]	$ 0.53	[2]	$ 0.51	[2]	$ 2.47	$ 2.10	$ 2.07
Options excluded from diluted net income per unit computation due to their anti-dilutive effect (in units)													2,873,106	2,409,499	2,806,033

[1] Certain prior-period amounts have been revised, see Note 2 for a discussion of the revision.

[2] Basic and diluted net income per unit are computed independently for each of the periods presented. Accordingly, the sum of the quarterly net income per unit amounts may not agree to the total for the year.

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Cash and Securities Segregated Under Federal Regulations and Other Requirements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Brokers and Dealers [Abstract]
United States Treasury Bills in special reserve bank custody account for exclusive benefit of brokerage customers of SCB LLC	$ 900.0	$ 500.0
Restricted funds held for benefit of customers by AB Investments, Inc.	$ 52.9	$ 55.4

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Investments - Summary of Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	18 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				$ 1,015,181	$ 669,800
Long-term incentive compensation-related				67,761	78,154
Available-for-sale Securities [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				45	364
Other Investment [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				7,522	7,878
Private Equity Funds [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Private equity investment, ownership percentage	7.60%	7.60%
Proceeds from sale of private equity investment	$ 74,800
Receivable from sale of private equity investment	$ 10,700	$ 10,700
Receivable from sale of private equity investment, term in escrow		18 months
Gain on sale of investment		$ 75,300
Long-term Incentive Compensation-Related [Member] | Trading Securities [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				50,935	59,150
Long-term Incentive Compensation-Related [Member] | Investments In Limited Partnership Hedge Funds [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				16,826	19,004
US Treasury Bill Securities [Member] | Trading Securities [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				28,937	24,942
Seed Capital [Member] | Trading Securities [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				211,279	406,322
Seed Capital [Member] | Investments In Limited Partnership Hedge Funds [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				23,704	20,082
Equities [Member] | Trading Securities [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				6,602	43,584
Exchange Traded Options [Member] | Trading Securities [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				3,106	5,910
Consolidated Private Equity Fund [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				0	23,897
Private Equity [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				45,278	48,761
Seed Capital [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				500,000	478,000
Investments Held By Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				550,850	0
Time Deposits [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Investments owned				$ 70,097	$ 9,906
Scenario, Forecast [Member] | Private Equity Funds [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of private equity investment			$ 85,500

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Investments - Cost and Fair Value of Available-For-Sale Investments Held (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	$ 45	$ 385
Available-for-Sale, Gross Unrealized Gains	2	4
Available-for-sale, Gross Unrealized Losses	(2)	(25)
Available-for-Sale, Fair Value	45	364
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investments	372	4,240	$ 140
Realized gains from sales of available-for-sale investments		1,300	0
Realized losses from sale of available-for-sale investments	0	0	$ 0
Equities [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Equity Investments, Amortized Cost	23	188
Equity Investments, Gross Unrealized Gains	0	2
Equity Investments, Gross Unrealized Losses	0	(9)
Equity Investments, Fair Value	23	181
Fixed Income Investments [Member]
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Fixed Income Investments, Amortized Cost	22	197
Fixed Income Investments, Gross Unrealized Gains	2	2
Fixed income investments, Gross Unrealized Losses	(2)	(16)
Fixed Income Investments, Fair Value	$ 22	$ 183

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Investments Investments - Gains (Losses) Related to Trading Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period	$ 7,030	$ (27,246)
Less: net (losses) gains recognized during the period on trading securities sold during the period	(11,294)	5,812
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on trading securities held	$ 18,324	$ (33,058)

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Derivative Instruments - Notional Value, Fair Value and Gains and Losses Recognized in Investment Gains (Losses) (Details) - Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Value	$ 459,743	$ 664,558
Derivative Assets	8,413	12,588
Derivative Liabilities	8,649	12,221
Gains (Losses)	(15,528)	15,172
Exchange-Traded Future [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Value	103,108	160,755
Derivative Assets	1,224	1,539
Derivative Liabilities	1,092	2,651
Gains (Losses)	(2,754)	8,572
Currency Forwards [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Value	180,820	262,873
Derivative Assets	4,541	4,604
Derivative Liabilities	4,711	4,077
Gains (Losses)	(2,028)	7,445
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Value	40,664	65,484
Derivative Assets	940	2,945
Derivative Liabilities	897	3,745
Gains (Losses)	(572)	(443)
Credit Default Swap [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Value	45,108	29,421
Derivative Assets	1,205	2,089
Derivative Liabilities	905	774
Gains (Losses)	(1,338)	(253)
Option swap [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Value	0	24
Derivative Assets	0	9
Derivative Liabilities	0	2
Gains (Losses)	(70)	11
Total Return Swap [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Value	90,043	146,001
Derivative Assets	503	1,402
Derivative Liabilities	1,044	972
Gains (Losses)	$ (8,766)	$ (160)

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Derivative Instruments - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative [Line Items]
Cash collateral received	$ 800	$ 1,500
Return of cash collateral into brokerage accounts	6,200	12,800
Losses on equity options activity	27,600	65,000
Exchange Traded Options [Member] | Long [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Cash collateral received	0	0
Long exchange-trade equity options at fair value	3,100	5,900
Exchange Traded Options [Member] | Short [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Return of cash collateral into brokerage accounts	0	0
Short exchange-traded equity options at fair value	700	$ 800
Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Cash collateral received	461
Return of cash collateral into brokerage accounts	3,311
Net derivative asset in VIE portfolios	2,900
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments	$ 800

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Offsetting Assets and Liabilities - Offsetting Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative Asset [Abstract]
Collateral Received	$ (800)	$ (1,500)
Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Derivative Asset [Abstract]
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets	4,997
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0
Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	4,997
Financial Instruments	0
Collateral Received	(461)
Net Amount	4,536
Securities Borrowed [Member]
Securities Borrowed [Abstract]
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets	82,814	75,274
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0	0
Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	82,814	75,274
Financial Instruments	0	0
Collateral Received	(82,814)	(75,274)
Net Amount	0	0
Derivatives [Member]
Derivative Asset [Abstract]
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets	8,413	12,588
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0	0
Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	8,413	12,588
Financial Instruments	0	0
Collateral Received	(810)	(1,518)
Net Amount	7,603	11,070
Exchange Traded Options [Member] | Long [Member]
Derivative Asset [Abstract]
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets	3,106	5,910
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0	0
Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	3,106	5,910
Financial Instruments	0	0
Collateral Received	0	0
Net Amount	$ 3,106	$ 5,910

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Offsetting Assets and Liabilities - Offsetting Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Collateral Pledged	$ (6,200)	$ (12,800)
Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities	2,081
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	2,081
Financial Instruments	0
Derivative Liability, Collateral, Right to Reclaim Cash, Offset	(2,081)
Collateral Pledged	(3,311)
Net Amount	0
Securities Loaned [Member]
Securities Loaned [Abstract]
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities	0	9,518
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0	0
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	0	9,518
Financial Instruments	0	0
Collateral Pledged	0	(9,518)
Net Amount	0	0
Derivatives [Member]
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities	8,649	12,221
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0	0
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	8,649	12,221
Financial Instruments	0	0
Collateral Pledged	(6,239)	(12,221)
Net Amount	2,410	0
Exchange Traded Options [Member] | Short [Member]
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities	692	843
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position	0	0
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position	692	843
Financial Instruments	0	0
Collateral Pledged	0	0
Net Amount	$ 692	$ 843

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Fair Value - Valuation of Financial Instruments by Pricing Observability Levels (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Securities sold not yet purchased
Contingent payment arrangements	$ 11,893	$ 0	$ 9,365
Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Trading
Derivatives	4,997
Securities sold not yet purchased
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities	2,081
Derivatives	2,081
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Money markets	107,250	116,445
U.S. Treasury Bills	922,126	485,121
Available-for-sale
Equity securities	23	181
Fixed income securities	22	183
Trading
Equity securities	176,211	326,235
Fixed income securities	91,580	182,776
Long exchange-traded options	3,106	5,910
Derivatives	8,413	12,588
Private equity	4,913	30,340
Total assets measured at fair value	1,866,209	1,159,779
Trading Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	40,252	15,254
Securities sold not yet purchased
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities	692	843
Derivatives	8,649	12,221
Contingent payment arrangements	17,589	31,399
Total liabilities measured at fair value	317,682	59,717
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Securities sold not yet purchased
Derivatives	2,081
Short equities	248,419
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Equity Securities [Member] | Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Trading
Investments	550,768
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Derivatives [Member] | Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Trading
Investments	1,797
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Money markets	107,250	116,445
U.S. Treasury Bills	0	0
Available-for-sale
Equity securities	23	181
Fixed income securities	22	183
Trading
Equity securities	158,316	325,248
Fixed income securities	80,473	170,244
Long exchange-traded options	3,106	5,910
Derivatives	1,224	1,539
Private equity	0	14,305
Total assets measured at fair value	692,302	634,055
Trading Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	40,252	15,254
Securities sold not yet purchased
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities	692	843
Derivatives	1,092	2,651
Contingent payment arrangements	0	0
Total liabilities measured at fair value	290,503	18,748
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Securities sold not yet purchased
Derivatives	48
Short equities	248,419
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Equity Securities [Member] | Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Trading
Investments	341,830
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Derivatives [Member] | Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Trading
Investments	58
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Money markets	0	0
U.S. Treasury Bills	922,126	485,121
Available-for-sale
Equity securities	0	0
Fixed income securities	0	0
Trading
Equity securities	17,785	874
Fixed income securities	11,107	12,532
Long exchange-traded options	0	0
Derivatives	7,189	11,049
Private equity	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value	1,163,143	509,576
Trading Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	0	0
Securities sold not yet purchased
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities	0	0
Derivatives	7,557	9,570
Contingent payment arrangements	0	0
Total liabilities measured at fair value	9,590	9,570
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Securities sold not yet purchased
Derivatives	2,033
Short equities	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Equity Securities [Member] | Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Trading
Investments	203,197
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Derivatives [Member] | Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Trading
Investments	1,739
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Money markets	0	0
U.S. Treasury Bills	0	0
Available-for-sale
Equity securities	0	0
Fixed income securities	0	0
Trading
Equity securities	110	113
Fixed income securities	0	0
Long exchange-traded options	0	0
Derivatives	0	0
Private equity	4,913	16,035
Total assets measured at fair value	10,764	16,148
Trading Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	0	0
Securities sold not yet purchased
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities	0	0
Derivatives	0	0
Contingent payment arrangements	17,589	31,399
Total liabilities measured at fair value	17,589	$ 31,399
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Securities sold not yet purchased
Derivatives	0
Short equities	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Equity Securities [Member] | Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Trading
Investments	5,741
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Derivatives [Member] | Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Trading
Investments	$ 0

XML

Fair Value - Change in Carrying Value of Level 3 Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair value measurement Level 3 reconciliation [Abstract]
Balance as of beginning of period	$ 16,148	$ 27,813
Transfers out	(23,566)	(26)
Activity related to consolidated VIEs	19,772	0
Purchases	0	195
Sales	0	(14,178)
Realized gains, net	0	1,983
Unrealized (losses) gains, net	(1,590)	361
Balance as of end of period	$ 10,764	$ 16,148

XML

Fair Value - Private Equity Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Private Equity Technology Media and Telecommunications [Member] - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Minimum [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Revenue multiple	2.5
Maximum [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Revenue multiple	4.8
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value	$ 9,527
Valuation technique	Market comparable companies
Marketability discount	30.00%

XML

Fair Value - Change in Carrying Value Associated with Contingent Payment Arrangements Level 3 Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance as of beginning of period	$ 31,399	$ 42,436
Addition	11,893	0
Accretion	1,237	1,770
Changes in estimates	(21,482)	(7,211)
Payments	(5,458)	(5,596)
Balance as of end of period	$ 17,589	$ 31,399

XML

Fair Value - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($) investment	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) investment acquisition $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) investment acquisition	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value of private equity investment		$ 40,400,000	$ 32,000,000
Number of VIEs consolidated | investment	6
Number of hedge funds consolidated | investment		1
Number of private securities that went public | investment	1
Transfers out of level 3	$ 23,600,000
Changes in estimates		$ 21,482,000	7,211,000
Contingent payment arrangements		11,893,000	0	$ 9,365,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent payment arrangements		$ 17,589,000	31,399,000
Luxembourg Funds [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Number of VIEs consolidated | investment		7
Private Equity Investment Venture Capital Fund [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value of investment		$ 4,900,000	$ 6,500,000
Contingent Payment Arrangements [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Number of Businesses Acquired | acquisition		3	3
Contingent Payment Arrangements [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Changes in estimates			$ 7,200,000
Contingent payment arrangements		$ 17,600,000	$ 31,400,000
Contingent Payment Arrangements [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
AUM growth rates weighted average		18.00%	46.00%
Revenue growth rate			43.00%
Contingent Payment Arrangements [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Revenue growth rate		4.00%
Discount rate		1.40%	3.00%
Contingent Payment Arrangements [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Revenue growth rate		31.00%
Discount rate		6.40%	6.40%
Cost-method Investments [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Number of private equity investments | investment			1
Fair value of private equity investment			$ 10,200,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent payment arrangements		$ 17,589,000	$ 31,399,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Luxembourg Funds [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Number of VIEs consolidated | investment		5
Fair value of investment		$ 5,700,000
2010 Acquisition [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Changes in estimates		(2,200,000)
2013 Acquisition [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Changes in estimates		$ (19,300,000)
Additional amount per share shareholders are entitled to if the assets under management exceed the threshold (in dollars per unit) | $ / shares		$ 4
Assets under management threshold		$ 5,000,000,000

XML

Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements [Abstract]
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	$ 783,011	$ 787,768
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(623,447)	(627,408)
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	159,564	160,360
Furniture and Equipment [Member]
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements [Abstract]
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	535,890	529,488
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements [Abstract]
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	$ 247,121	$ 258,280

XML

Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 29,400	$ 29,000	$ 36,200
Real estate charges	$ 17,704	$ 998	52
Leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment included in the real estate charges			$ 5,500

XML

Deferred Sales Commissions, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Gross to net deferred sales commissions [Abstract]
Deferred Sales Commissions Gross	$ 903,252	$ 970,671
Less: Accumulated amortization	(565,681)	(606,963)
Cumulative CDSC received	(273,681)	(264,638)
Deferred sales commissions, net	63,890	99,070
Amortization expense	$ 41,066	$ 49,145	$ 41,508

XML

Deferred Sales Commissions, Net - Schedule of Future Amortization Expense (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2017	$ 32,206
2018	21,092
2019	7,688
2020	2,864
2021	36
2022	4
Total	$ 63,890

XML

Debt (Details)		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 01, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) line_of_credit financial_institution	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term debt outstanding		$ 512,970,000	$ 581,700,000
Commercial Paper [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term debt outstanding		$ 513,000,000	$ 581,700,000
Weighted average interest rates on short-term debt outstanding		0.90%	0.50%
Average daily borrowings		$ 422,900,000	$ 387,900,000
Weighted average interest rates on average daily borrowings		0.60%	0.30%
Credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity		$ 1,000,000,000.0
Credit Facility [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity		1,000,000,000.0
Incremental increases in principal		250,000,000.0
Amounts outstanding under credit facility		0	$ 0
Proceeds from lines of credit		0	0
Credit Facility [Member] | SCB LLC [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Incremental increases in principal		$ 225,000,000
Number of uncommitted lines of credit | line_of_credit		4
Number of financial institutions offering lines of credit | financial_institution		4
Number of financial institutions with stated limits | line_of_credit		3
Number of financial institutions with no stated limits | line_of_credit		1
Uncommitted Lines of Credit [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Short-term debt outstanding		$ 0	0
Average daily borrowings		$ 4,400,000	$ 3,900,000
Weighted average interest rates on average daily borrowings		1.10%	1.20%
Credit Facility [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 200,000,000
Amounts outstanding under credit facility		$ 0
Term of debt instrument	364 days
Average daily borrowings		$ 7,300,000
Weighted average interest rate		1.60%

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Commitments and Contingencies - Future Minimum Payments Under Non-Cancelable Leases, Sublease Commitments and Related Payments (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Payments [Abstract]
2017	$ 138.3
2018	132.3
2019	125.9
2020	105.7
2021	99.2
2022 and thereafter	291.0
Total future minimum payments	892.4
Sublease Receipts [Abstract]
2017	43.3
2018	44.2
2019	43.6
2020	27.2
2021	25.8
2022 and thereafter	66.8
Total future minimum payments receivable	250.9
Net Payments [Abstract]
2017	95.0
2018	88.1
2019	82.3
2020	78.5
2021	73.4
2022 and thereafter	224.2
Total future net minimum payments	$ 641.5

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information for Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Rent expense	$ 68.1	$ 70.7	$ 73.0
Sublease income	$ 2.5	$ 2.9	$ 3.3

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Commitments and Contingencies - Legal Proceedings and Other (Details) £ in Millions	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2012 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2012 GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2012 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2011 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2010 USD ($)
Legal Proceedings [Abstract]
Portfolio amount of client seeking damages | £		£ 500
Realized losses in the portfolio	$ 125,000,000
Alleged Damages - Minimum [Member]
Legal Proceedings [Abstract]
Damages sought	177,000,000
Alleged Damages - Maximum [Member]
Legal Proceedings [Abstract]
Damages sought	$ 234,000,000
Venture Capital Funds [Member]
Other [Abstract]
Committed total required invest funding					$ 35,000,000
Commitment time period duration to invest funds					6 years
Commitment agreement fundings			$ 33,500,000
Real Estate Fund [Member]
Other [Abstract]
Committed total required invest funding							$ 25,000,000
Commitment agreement fundings			20,500,000
Real Estate Fund II [Member]
Other [Abstract]
Committed total required invest funding						$ 28,000,000
Commitment agreement fundings			3,800,000
Oil and gas fund [Member]
Other [Abstract]
Committed total required invest funding				$ 8,000,000
Commitment time period duration to invest funds				3 years
Commitment agreement fundings			$ 6,200,000

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Net Capital (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Stanford C. Bernstein & Co.,LLC [Member]
Computation of Net Capital or Financial Resource Requirement [Abstract]
Minimum net capital required per stock exchange and SEC rules	$ 1.0
Alternative method of calculating aggregate debit items arising from customer transactions permitted by rule, percent	2.00%
Alternative excess net capital	$ 184.2
Alternative net capital requirement	30.1
Stanford C. Bernstein & Co.,LLC [Member] | US Securities And Exchange Commission [Member]
Computation of Net Capital or Financial Resource Requirement [Abstract]
Net capital	214.3
Stanford C. Bernstein Limited [Member]
Computation of Net Capital or Financial Resource Requirement [Abstract]
Net capital	43.6
Minimum financial resources/net capital required	22.7
Actual net capital in excess of the minimum net capital required	20.9
AB Investments [Member] | US Securities And Exchange Commission [Member]
Computation of Net Capital or Financial Resource Requirement [Abstract]
Net capital	56.5
Minimum financial resources/net capital required	0.3
Actual net capital in excess of the minimum net capital required	$ 56.2

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Qualified Employee Benefit Plans - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) investment	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution expense for foreign entities	$ 6,800,000	$ 7,900,000	$ 7,300,000
Estimated employer contributions in 2017	4,000,000
Other comprehensive (loss) gain	(2,972,000)	2,207,000	(24,555,000)
Retirement Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Contributions to qualified profit sharing plan	14,300,000	14,200,000	13,500,000
Other comprehensive (loss) gain	(3,032,000)	1,888,000	(20,571,000)
Earnings of plan assets exceeding expectations	1,800,000	5,300,000
Discount rate and lump sum interest rates	3,500,000	5,600,000	12,000,000
Mortality assumption	$ 1,700,000	1,400,000	$ 7,500,000
Defined benefit plan, amortization period	36 years
Future amortization of prior service cost	$ 23,959
Loss to be amortized over next fiscal year	1,100,000
Accumulated benefit obligation	$ 111,300,000	$ 107,800,000
Assumptions used calculating benefit obligation, discount rate, percent	4.55%	4.75%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	6.50%	7.00%	7.50%
Return Seeking Investments [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations range minimum, percent	30.00%
Target plan asset allocations range maximum, percent	60.00%
Target plan asset allocations, percent	40.00%
Risk Mitigating Investments [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations range minimum, percent	10.00%
Target plan asset allocations range maximum, percent	30.00%
Target plan asset allocations, percent	15.00%
Diversifying Investments [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations range minimum, percent	0.00%
Target plan asset allocations range maximum, percent	25.00%
Target plan asset allocations, percent	17.00%
Dynamic Asset Allocation [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target plan asset allocations range minimum, percent	18.00%
Target plan asset allocations range maximum, percent	38.00%
Target plan asset allocations, percent	28.00%
Fixed Income Mutual Funds [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Retirement plan, number of investments | investment	2
Equity Mutual Funds [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Retirement plan, number of investments | investment	3
Private Investment Trusts Equity Securities [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Retirement plan, number of investments | investment	2

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Qualified Employee Benefit Plans - The Retirement Plan's Projected Benefit Obligation, Fair Value of Plan Assets and Funded Status (Details) - Retirement Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$ 107,784	$ 113,733
Interest cost	4,972	4,816	$ 4,895
Plan amendments	0	827
Actuarial loss (gain)	1,794	(6,698)
Benefits paid	(3,235)	(4,894)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year	111,315	107,784	113,733
Change in plan assets:
Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year	86,292	90,320
Actual return on plan assets	3,642	866
Employer contribution	0	0
Benefits paid	(3,235)	(4,894)
Plan assets at fair value at end of year	86,699	86,292	$ 90,320
Funded status	$ (24,616)	$ (21,492)

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Qualified Employee Benefit Plans - Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Defined Benefit Plan, Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Abstract]
Prior service cost	$ 93	$ (895)	$ (5,197)
Changes in employee benefit related items	(2,950)	2,372	(24,853)
Employee benefit related items, net of tax	(2,972)	2,207	(24,555)
Retirement Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Abstract]
Unrecognized net (loss) gain from experience different from that assumed and effects of changes and assumptions	(3,115)	2,882	(20,803)
Prior service cost	93	(895)	0
Changes in employee benefit related items	(3,022)	1,987	(20,803)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(10)	(99)	232
Employee benefit related items, net of tax	$ (3,032)	$ 1,888	$ (20,571)

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Qualified Employee Benefit Plans - Reconciliation of Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income for the Retirement Plan (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Recognized actuarial (loss) gain	$ (3,043)	$ 3,267	$ (19,656)
Amortization of prior service cost	93	(895)	(5,197)
Changes in employee benefit related items	(2,950)	2,372	(24,853)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(22)	(165)	298
Employee benefit related items, net of tax	(2,972)	$ 2,207	$ (24,555)
Retirement Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Recognized actuarial (loss) gain	(3,115)
Amortization of prior service cost	93
Changes in employee benefit related items	(3,022)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(10)
Employee benefit related items, net of tax	(3,032)
Retired Individual Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Recognized actuarial (loss) gain	22
Amortization of prior service cost	0
Changes in employee benefit related items	22
Income tax (expense) benefit	(1)
Employee benefit related items, net of tax	21
Foreign Retirement Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Recognized actuarial (loss) gain	50
Amortization of prior service cost	0
Changes in employee benefit related items	50
Income tax (expense) benefit	(11)
Employee benefit related items, net of tax	$ 39

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Qualified Employee Benefit Plans - Amounts Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - Retirement Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Unrecognized net loss from experience different from that assumed and effects of changes and assumptions	$ (46,430)	$ (43,314)
Prior service cost	(803)	(895)
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans, accumulated other comprehensive loss, before tax	(47,233)	(44,209)
Income tax benefit	457	468
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ (46,776)	$ (43,741)

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Qualified Employee Benefit Plans - Future Benefit Payments to be Paid (Details) - Retirement Plan [Member] $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Expected future benefit payments [Abstract]
2017	$ 4,302
2018	5,545
2019	6,048
2020	5,109
2021	5,872
2022-2026	$ 37,837

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Qualified Employee Benefit Plans - Net (Benefit) Expense Under the Retirement Plan (Details) - Retirement Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost [Abstract]
Interest cost on projected benefit obligations	$ 4,972	$ 4,816	$ 4,895
Expected return on plan assets	(5,407)	(6,176)	(6,493)
Amortization of prior service cost	24	0	0
Recognized actuarial loss	959	979	490
Net pension (benefit) expense	$ 548	$ (381)	$ (1,108)

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Qualified Employee Benefit Plans - Actuarial Computations Used to Determine Net Periodic Costs (Details) - Retirement Plan [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs [Abstract]
Discount rate on benefit obligations	4.75%	4.30%	5.30%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	6.50%	7.00%	7.50%

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Qualified Employee Benefit Plans - The Retirement Plan's Asset Allocation Percentages (Details) - Retirement Plan [Member]	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan, actual plan asset allocations, percent	100.00%	100.00%
Equity Securities [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan, actual plan asset allocations, percent	61.00%	56.00%
Debt Securities [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan, actual plan asset allocations, percent	18.00%	24.00%
Other [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan, actual plan asset allocations, percent	21.00%	20.00%

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Qualified Employee Benefit Plans - Valuation of our Retirement Plan Assets by Pricing Observability Levels (Details) - Retirement Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets in the fair value hierarchy excluding net asset value investments	$ 67,512	$ 67,189
Investments measured at net assets value	19,187	19,103
Total assets measured at fair value	86,699	86,292	$ 90,320
Level 1 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	67,512	67,189
Level 2 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Level 3 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Cash [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	344	445
Cash [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	344	445
Cash [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Cash [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Fixed Income Mutual Funds [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	21,441	21,555
Fixed Income Mutual Funds [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	21,441	21,555
Fixed Income Mutual Funds [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Fixed Income Mutual Funds [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Equity Mutual Funds [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	25,037	23,603
Equity Mutual Funds [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	25,037	23,603
Equity Mutual Funds [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Equity Mutual Funds [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Equity Securities [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	20,690	21,586
Equity Securities [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	20,690	21,586
Equity Securities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Equity Securities [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assets [Abstract]
Total assets measured at fair value	$ 0	$ 0

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Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Dec. 19, 2008	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Jun. 30, 2012	May 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Jun. 30, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Maximum authorized open-market repurchases of holding units (in units)						7,900,000	5,800,000
Long-term incentive awards vesting periods						4 years
Compensation costs not yet recognized						$ 0
Stock Compensation Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Long-term incentive compensation charge						$ 200,000	$ 100,000	$ (300,000)
Stock Compensation Plan [Member] | CEO [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in units)				2,700,000
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per unit)	$ 19.20			$ 12.17
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in units)						7,085,482
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per unit)						$ 23.14
Grant date fair value of awards						$ 159,400,000	$ 156,400,000	170,900,000
Number of unvested restricted AB Holding Units		19,779,814				19,146,041	19,779,814
Number of restricted AB Units without a service requirement						16,272,607
Number of restricted AB Units with a service requirement						2,873,434
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Director [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Long-term incentive compensation charge						$ 1,100,000	$ 800,000	$ 700,000
Granted (in units)						46,382	26,468	31,320
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per unit)						$ 22.64	$ 31.74	$ 22.99
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | CEO [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Long-term incentive compensation charge						$ 5,100,000	$ 5,100,000	$ 5,100,000
Granted (in units)	2,700,000
Unrecognized compensation cost				$ 33,100,000
Period of recognition (in years)				6 years 6 months
Option Awards [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in units)						54,546	29,056	25,106
Grant date fair value (in dollars per unit)						$ 2.75	$ 4.13	$ 4.78
Total intrinsic value of options exercised						$ 2,100,000	$ 7,000,000	$ 9,100,000
Incentive Compensation Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Aggregate value awards under combined incentive plans						157,800,000	178,800,000	176,500,000
Long-term incentive compensation charge						153,800,000	$ 171,700,000	$ 173,200,000
Unrecognized compensation cost						$ 39,100,000
Period of recognition (in years)						2 years 7 months
Incentive Compensation Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in units)		7,000,000	6,600,000			6,100,000	7,200,000	6,800,000
Additional AB restricted units granted (in units)							200,000	200,000
Incentive Compensation Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per unit)						$ 19.45	$ 23.02	$ 21.67
Incentive Compensation Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per unit)						$ 23.20	$ 24.24	$ 24.24
2010 Long Term Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation plan expire date						Jun. 30, 2020
Maximum number of awards authorized for issuance (in units)						60,000,000
Number of newly-issued units (in units)					30,000,000
Maximum authorized open-market repurchases of holding units (in units)					60,000,000
Granted (in units)						356,989
Granted AB holding unit net of forfeitures (in units)						51,944,758
AB Holding units available for future grant (in units)						7,698,253
Long Term Incentive Plan [Member] | Stock Compensation Plan [Member] | Director [Member] | 33.3% of Options and 25% of Restricted AB Holding Units, First Anniversary Vesting Period [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Annual vesting percentage for the term of award						33.30%
Long Term Incentive Plan [Member] | Stock Compensation Plan [Member] | Director [Member] | 33.3% of Options and 25% of Restricted AB Holding Units, Second Anniversary Vesting Period [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Annual vesting percentage for the term of award						33.30%
Long Term Incentive Plan [Member] | Stock Compensation Plan [Member] | Director [Member] | 33.3% of Options and 25% of Restricted AB Holding Units, Third Anniversary Vesting Period [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Annual vesting percentage for the term of award						33.30%
Long Term Incentive Plan [Member] | Stock Compensation Plan [Member] | Employee [Member] | 33.3% of Options and 25% of Restricted AB Holding Units, First Anniversary Vesting Period [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Annual vesting percentage for the term of award						25.00%
Long Term Incentive Plan [Member] | Stock Compensation Plan [Member] | Employee [Member] | 33.3% of Options and 25% of Restricted AB Holding Units, Second Anniversary Vesting Period [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Annual vesting percentage for the term of award						25.00%
Long Term Incentive Plan [Member] | Stock Compensation Plan [Member] | Employee [Member] | 33.3% of Options and 25% of Restricted AB Holding Units, Third Anniversary Vesting Period [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Annual vesting percentage for the term of award						25.00%
Long Term Incentive Plan [Member] | Stock Compensation Plan [Member] | Employee [Member] | 25% of Restricted AB Holding Units, Fourth Anniversary Vesting Period [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Annual vesting percentage for the term of award						25.00%
Long Term Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | CEO [Member] | Annual [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Annual vesting percentage for the term of award						20.00%
Century Club Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Long-term incentive awards vesting periods						4 years
Employment and Separation Agreements [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Long-term incentive compensation charge						$ 11,200,000	$ 9,900,000	$ 13,200,000
Granted (in units)						1,000,000	200,000	700,000
Employment and Separation Agreements [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Long-term incentive awards vesting periods						2 years
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per unit)						$ 18.67	$ 25.36	$ 21.07
Employment and Separation Agreements [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Long-term incentive awards vesting periods						5 years
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per unit)						$ 25.34	$ 32.71	$ 27.40
Scenario, Forecast [Member] | 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Units to be granted after plan expiration									0

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Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plans - Schedule of Black-Scholes Option Valuation Model Assumptions (Details) - Option Awards [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology
Risk-free interest rate	1.30%	1.50%	1.50%
Expected cash distribution yield	7.10%	7.10%	8.40%
Historical volatility factor	31.00%	32.10%	48.90%
Expected term	6 years	6 years	6 years

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Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plans - Option Plan Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Options to Buy AB Holding Units
Exercised (in units)	(358,262)	(541,073)
Option Awards [Member]
Options to Buy AB Holding Units
Outstanding as of December 31, 2015 (in units)	5,398,471
Granted (in units)	54,546	29,056	25,106
Exercised (in units)	(358,262)
Forfeited (in units)	0
Expired (in units)	(9,712)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016 (in units)	5,085,043	5,398,471
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016, Options to Buy AB Holding Units (in units)	4,700,909
Vested or Expected to Vest as of December 31, 2016, Options to Buy AB Holding Units (in units)	5,085,043
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Option
Outstanding as of December 31, 2015, Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Option (in dollars per unit)	$ 47.59
Granted, Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Option (in dollars per unit)	22.64
Exercised, Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Option (in dollars per unit)	17.05
Forfeited, Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Option (in dollars per unit)	0.00
Expired, Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Option (in dollars per unit)	65.02
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016, Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Option (in dollars per unit)	49.45	$ 47.59
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016, Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Option (in dollars per unit)	47.58
Vested or Expected to Vest as of December 31, 2016, Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Option (in dollars per unit)	$ 49.45
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	2 years	2 years 10 months 24 days
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	1 year 10 months 24 days
Vested and Expected to Vest as of December 31, 2016, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	2 years
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 0
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	0
Vested or Expected to Vest as of December 31, 2016, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 0

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Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plans - Summary of Changes in Unvested Restricted AB Holding Units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 $ / shares shares
AB Holding Units
Unvested as of December 31, 2015 (in units) | shares	19,779,814
Granted (in units) | shares	7,085,482
Vested (in units) | shares	(7,384,528)
Forfeited (in units) | shares	(334,727)
Unvested as of December 31, 2016 (in units) | shares	19,146,041
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per AB Holding Unit
Unvested as of December 31, 2015, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per AB Holding Unit (in dollars per unit) | $ / shares	$ 22.05
Granted, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per AB Holding Unit (in dollars per unit) | $ / shares	23.14
Vested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per AB Holding Unit (in dollars per unit) | $ / shares	21.58
Forfeited, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per AB Holding Unit (in dollars per unit) | $ / shares	24.05
Unvested as of December 31, 2016, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per AB Holding Unit (in dollars per unit) | $ / shares	$ 22.60

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Units Outstanding (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Changes in Limited Partnership Units Outstanding
Outstanding as of January 1, (in units)	272,301,827	273,040,452
Options exercised (in units)	358,262	541,073
Units issued (in units)	4,455,944	4,600,583
Units retired (in units)	(8,222,499)	(5,880,281)
Outstanding as of December 31, (in units)	268,893,534	272,301,827
AB Units [Member]
Changes in Limited Partnership Units Outstanding
Units retired (in units)	(15,998)	(26,111)

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
New York City unincorporated business tax rate	4.00%
Interest expense recorded in income tax expense	$ 700,000	$ 400,000	$ 400,000
Accrued interest payable recorded on the consolidated statements of financial condition	1,700,000	1,000,000	600,000
Accrued penalties recorded on the consolidated statements of financial condition	$ 0	0	0
Minimum years that remain open and may be subject to examination vary under local law	1 year
Maximum years that remain open and may be subject to examination vary under local law	7 years
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 12,596,000	$ 12,004,000	$ 11,311,000	$ 2,975,000
Accumulated undistributed earnings	683,000,000
Additional taxes not provided	54,800,000
City of New York [Member]
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 6,600,000

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Income Taxes - Earnings Before Income Taxes and Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Earnings before income taxes:
United States	$ 614,261	$ 520,282	$ 493,311
Foreign	108,904	110,817	115,310
Total	723,165	631,099	608,621
Income tax expense:
Partnership UBT	5,363	8,027	10,042
Corporate subsidiaries:
Federal	291	7,957	12,464
State and local	1,064	661	1,372
Foreign	28,158	26,822	31,273
Current tax expense	34,876	43,467	55,151
Deferred tax (benefit)	(6,557)	1,330	(10,847)
Income tax expense	$ 28,319	$ 44,797	$ 44,304

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Income Taxes - Principal Reasons for the Difference Between the Effective Tax Rate and UBT Statutory Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
UBT statutory rate	$ 28,927	$ 25,244	$ 24,345
Corporate subsidiaries’ federal, state, local and foreign income taxes	17,907	31,223	30,353
Effect of ASC 740 adjustments, miscellaneous taxes, and other	(1,070)	2,965	3,393
Income not taxable resulting from use of UBT business apportionment factors	(17,445)	(14,635)	(13,787)
Income tax expense	$ 28,319	$ 44,797	$ 44,304
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent [Abstract]
UBT statutory rate, percent	4.00%	4.00%	4.00%
Corporate subsidiaries’ federal, state, local and foreign income taxes, percent	2.50%	4.90%	5.00%
Effect of ASC 740 adjustments, miscellaneous taxes, and other, percent	(0.20%)	0.50%	0.60%
Income not taxable resulting from use of UBT business apportionment factors, percent	(2.40%)	(2.30%)	(2.30%)
Effective tax rate, percent	3.90%	7.10%	7.30%

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Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Balance as of beginning of period	$ 12,004	$ 11,311	$ 2,975
Additions for prior year tax positions	0	0	2,838
Reductions for prior year tax positions	0	0	0
Additions for current year tax positions	592	693	5,498
Reductions for current year tax positions	0	0	0
Reductions related to closed years/settlements with tax authorities	0	0	0
Balance as of end of period	$ 12,596	$ 12,004	$ 11,311

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Income Taxes - Tax Effect of Significant Items Comprising the Net Deferred Tax Asset (Liability) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Deferred tax asset:
Benefits from net operating loss carryforwards	$ 6,066	$ 18,887
Long-term incentive compensation plans	15,468	17,092
Other, primarily accrued expenses deductible when paid	16,730	18,490
Deferred tax assets, gross	38,264	54,469
Less: valuation allowance	(462)	(13,709)
Deferred tax asset	37,802	40,760
Deferred tax liability:
Intangible assets	6,302	6,520
Translation adjustment	0	8,220
Other	1,960	766
Deferred tax liability	8,262	15,506
Net deferred tax asset	$ 29,540	$ 25,254

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Income Taxes - Operating Loss Carryforwards (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2016
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Valuation allowance	$ 13,709	$ 462
NOL expiration period for domestic locations, minimum (in years)	15 years
NOL expiration period for domestic locations, maximum (in years)	20 years
Foreign Tax Authority [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
NOL carryforwards	$ 80,900	$ 52,900
Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
NOL carryforwards	$ 135,700

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Business Segment Information - Additional Information (Details) - segment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Number of operating segments	1
AllianceBernstein Global High Yield Portfolio [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage of investment advisory and service fees	10.00%	11.00%	12.00%
Percentage of net revenues	10.00%	12.00%	13.00%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | AXA Advisors LLC [Member]
Major Customers [Abstract]
Percentage of open-end mutual fund sales	2.00%	4.00%	3.00%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | UBS AG [Member]
Major Customers [Abstract]
Percentage of open-end mutual fund sales		8.00%	11.00%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | AXA and subsidiaries [Member]
Major Customers [Abstract]
Percentage of total revenues from general and separate accounts of affiliates	5.00%	5.00%	5.00%
Percentage of total revenues from unaffiliated customer (more than)	1.00%	1.00%	1.00%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | HSBC [Member]
Major Customers [Abstract]
Percentage of open-end mutual fund sales	12.00%

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Business Segment Information - Net Revenues Derived From Investment Management, Research and Related Services (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]	Sep. 30, 2015	[1]	Jun. 30, 2015	[1]	Mar. 31, 2015	[1]	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Financial Services Revenue [Abstract]
Total revenues													$ 3,037,902	$ 3,024,048	$ 3,007,792
Less: Interest expense													9,123	3,321	2,426
Net revenues	$ 786,256	$ 747,591	$ 725,806	$ 769,126	$ 726,726		$ 738,693		$ 792,737		$ 762,571		3,028,779	3,020,727	3,005,366
Institutions [Member]
Financial Services Revenue [Abstract]
Total revenues													422,060	435,205	434,081
Retail [Member]
Financial Services Revenue [Abstract]
Total revenues													1,261,907	1,362,541	1,397,135
Private Wealth Management [Member]
Financial Services Revenue [Abstract]
Total revenues													711,599	689,853	664,324
Bernstein Research Services [Member]
Financial Services Revenue [Abstract]
Total revenues													479,875	493,463	482,538
Other Services [Member]
Financial Services Revenue [Abstract]
Total revenues													$ 162,461	$ 42,986	$ 29,714

[1] Certain prior-period amounts have been revised, see Note 2 for a discussion of the revision.

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Business Segment Information - Net Revenues and Long-Lived Assets, Related To Geographic Areas (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015		Sep. 30, 2015	[1]	Jun. 30, 2015	[1]	Mar. 31, 2015	[1]	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Geographic Information [Abstract]
Net revenues	$ 786,256	$ 747,591	$ 725,806	$ 769,126	$ 726,726	[1]	$ 738,693		$ 792,737		$ 762,571		$ 3,028,779	$ 3,020,727	$ 3,005,366
Long-lived assets	3,424,760				3,449,947								3,424,760	3,449,947
United States [Member]
Geographic Information [Abstract]
Net revenues													1,901,571	1,829,518	1,779,422
Long-lived assets	3,388,221				3,410,491								3,388,221	3,410,491
International [Member]
Geographic Information [Abstract]
Net revenues													1,127,208	1,191,209	$ 1,225,944
Long-lived assets	$ 36,539				$ 39,456								$ 36,539	$ 39,456

[1] Certain prior-period amounts have been revised, see Note 2 for a discussion of the revision.

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Related Party Transactions - Revenues for Services Provided (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Investment advisory and services fees	$ 1,933,471	$ 1,973,837	$ 1,958,250
Distribution revenues	384,405	427,156	444,970
Other revenues	110,096	101,169	108,788
Bernstein research services	479,875	493,463	482,538
Mutual Funds [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Investment advisory and services fees	998,892	1,056,227	1,061,677
Distribution revenues	371,604	415,380	433,063
Shareholder servicing fees	76,201	85,207	91,020
Other revenues	6,253	4,939	6,694
Bernstein research services	$ 5	$ 4	$ 13

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Related Party Transactions - Summary of Revenues, Expenses and Balance Sheet Items for AXA and Subsidiaries (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Revenues:
Investment advisory and services fees	$ 1,933,471	$ 1,973,837	$ 1,958,250
Bernstein research services	479,875	493,463	482,538
Distribution revenues	384,405	427,156	444,970
Other revenues	110,096	101,169	108,788
Total revenues	3,037,902	3,024,048	3,007,792
Expenses:
Commissions and distribution payments to financial intermediaries	371,607	393,033	413,054
General and administrative	426,147	431,635	426,960
Other	208,538	223,415	224,576
Total expenses	2,305,614	2,389,628	2,396,745
Balance Sheet:
Institutional investment advisory and services fees receivable	270,373	257,091
AXA and its subsidiaries [Member]
Revenues:
Investment advisory and services fees	150,016	149,035	131,317
Bernstein research services	583	694	958
Distribution revenues	12,145	11,541	11,590
Other revenues	969	912	1,066
Total revenues	163,713	162,182	144,931
Expenses:
Commissions and distribution payments to financial intermediaries	16,077	16,140	16,255
General and administrative	16,315	17,680	20,176
Other	1,653	1,483	1,457
Total expenses	34,045	35,303	$ 37,888
Balance Sheet:
Institutional investment advisory and services fees receivable	11,826	12,622
Prepaid expenses	1,461	1,431
Other due to AXA and its subsidiaries	(5,325)	(6,231)
Total	$ 7,962	$ 7,822

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Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Receivables from AB mutual funds recorded in consolidated statements of financial condition	$ 165,100	$ 160,700
Other investments	396,570	591,646
General Partners Contribution to long-term incentive compensation plan	1,200	1,600	$ 2,300
Net receivable balance	12,000	12,100
AXA and its subsidiaries [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Sales of company-sponsored mutual funds	800,000	1,100,000	$ 1,100,000
AllianceBernstein Venture Fund I, L.P. [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Other investments	$ 32,700	$ 23,900
Ownership percentage	10.00%
Capital Accumulation Plan [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Awards granted	0

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Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 23, 2016	Jun. 20, 2014	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payables recorded under contingent payment arrangements			$ 11,893		$ 0	$ 9,365
Goodwill			3,066,700		3,044,807
Redeemable non-controlling interest			$ 392,959		$ 13,203
Ramius Alternative Solutions LLC [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	100.00%
Assets under management	$ 2,500,000
Cash paid	20,500
Payables recorded under contingent payment arrangements	$ 11,900
Revenue remeasurement period	5 years
Goodwill				$ 21,900
Ramius Alternative Solutions LLC [Member] | Investment Management Contract [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Definite-lived intangible assets acquired	$ 10,000
CPH Capital Fondsmaeglerselskab A/S [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Ownership percentage		81.70%	90.40%
Assets under management		$ 3,000,000
Cash paid		64,400
Goodwill		58,100
Definite-lived intangible assets acquired		24,100
Net contingent consideration payable		$ 9,400
Assets under management remeasurement period		3 years
Indefinite-lived intangible assets acquired		$ 3,500
Redeemable non-controlling interest		$ 16,500

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Non-controlling Interests (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	$ 21,488	$ 6,375	$ 456
Non-redeemable non-controlling interest	36,172	24,473
Redeemable non-controlling interest	392,959	13,203
CPH Acquisition [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Redeemable non-controlling interest	8,665	13,203
Consolidated Private Equity Fund [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	0	5,940	487
Non-redeemable non-controlling interest	0	23,171
Other Investments [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	312	435	(31)
Non-redeemable non-controlling interest	1,550	1,302
Consolidated VIEs [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	21,176	0	$ 0
Non-redeemable non-controlling interest	34,622	0
Redeemable non-controlling interest	$ 384,294	$ 0

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Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]	Sep. 30, 2015	[1]	Jun. 30, 2015	[1]	Mar. 31, 2015	[1]	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Quarterly Financial Data [Abstract]
Net revenues	$ 786,256	$ 747,591	$ 725,806	$ 769,126	$ 726,726		$ 738,693		$ 792,737		$ 762,571		$ 3,028,779	$ 3,020,727	$ 3,005,366
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$ 224,538	$ 158,035	$ 124,501	$ 166,284	$ 159,394		$ 133,308		$ 147,425		$ 139,800		$ 673,358	$ 579,927	$ 563,861
Basic net income per AB Unit (in dollars per unit)	$ 0.83	$ 0.58	$ 0.46	$ 0.61	$ 0.59	[2]	$ 0.49	[2]	$ 0.53	[2]	$ 0.51	[2]	$ 2.48	$ 2.11	$ 2.07
Diluted net income per AB Unit (in dollars per unit)	0.83	0.58	0.46	0.60	0.58	[2]	0.48	[2]	0.53	[2]	0.51	[2]	$ 2.47	$ 2.10	$ 2.07
Cash distributions per AB Unit (in dollars per unit)	$ 0.73	$ 0.51	$ 0.46	$ 0.45	$ 0.56	[3],[4]	$ 0.50	[3],[4]	$ 0.54	[3],[4]	$ 0.51	[3],[4]

[1] Certain prior-period amounts have been revised, see Note 2 for a discussion of the revision.

[2] Basic and diluted net income per unit are computed independently for each of the periods presented. Accordingly, the sum of the quarterly net income per unit amounts may not agree to the total for the year.

[3] Cash distributions reflect the impact of our non-GAAP adjustments.

[4] Declared and paid during the following quarter.

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Valuation and Qualifying Account - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves
Balance at Beginning of Period	$ 552	$ 725	$ 763
Credited to Costs and Expenses	0	100	0
Deductions	39	273	38
Balance at End of Period	513	552	725
AllianceBernstein L.P. [Member]
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable, Write-offs	$ 39	$ 273	28
Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves
Net reduction to the allowance balance			$ 10