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Retirement Benefits (All Registrants)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Retirement Benefits (All Registrants) Retirement Benefits (All Registrants)
Exelon sponsors defined benefit pension and OPEB plans. Substantially all non-union employees and electing union employees hired on or after January 1, 2001 participate in cash balance pension plans. Effective January 1, 2009, substantially all newly-hired union-represented employees participate in cash balance pension plans. Effective February 1, 2018 for most newly-hired BSC non-represented, non-craft, employees, January 1, 2021 for most newly-hired utility management employees, and for certain newly-hired union employees pursuant to their collective bargaining agreements, these newly-hired employees are not eligible for pension benefits, and will instead be eligible to receive an enhanced non-discretionary employer contribution in an Exelon defined contribution savings plan. Effective January 1, 2018, most newly-hired non-represented, non-craft, employees are not eligible for OPEB benefits and employees represented by Local 614 are not eligible for retiree health care benefits. Effective January 1, 2021, most non-represented, non-craft, employees who are under the age of 40 are not eligible for retiree health care benefits. Effective January 1, 2022, management employees retiring on or after that date are no longer eligible for retiree life insurance benefits.
The tables below show the pension and OPEB plans in which current and former employees of each operating company participated as of December 31, 2024:
Operating Company(a)
Name of Plan:ComEdPECOBGEPHIPepcoDPLACE
Qualified Pension Plans:
Exelon Corporation Retirement Program (ECRP)XXXXXXX
Exelon Corporation Pension Plan for Bargaining Unit Employees (PPBU)X
Exelon Pension Plan (EPP)XXXXXXX
Pepco Holdings LLC Retirement Plan (PHI Qualified)XXXXXXX
Non-Qualified Pension Plans:
Exelon Corporation Supplemental Pension Benefit Plan and 2000 Excess Benefit Plan (SPBP)XXX
Exelon Corporation Supplemental Management Retirement Plan (SMRP)XXXX
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. Senior Executive Supplemental PlanXX
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. Supplemental Pension PlanXX
Constellation Energy Group, Inc. Benefits Restoration PlanXXX
Baltimore Gas & Electric Company Executive Benefit PlanX
Baltimore Gas & Electric Company Manager Benefit PlanXX
Pepco Holdings LLC 2011 Supplemental Executive Retirement PlanXXXX
Conectiv Supplemental Executive Retirement PlanXXX
Pepco Holdings LLC Combined Executive Retirement PlanXX
Operating Company(a)
Name of Plan: ComEdPECOBGEPHIPepcoDPLACE
OPEB Plans:
PECO Energy Company Retiree Medical Plan (East)XXXXXXX
Exelon Corporation Health Care Program (West)XXXXXXX
Pepco Holdings LLC Welfare Plan for Retirees (PHI PRW)XXXXXXX
Exelon Corporation Employees’ Life Insurance PlanXXX
Exelon Corporation Health Reimbursement Arrangement PlanXXX
BGE Retiree Medical PlanXXXXXXX
BGE Retiree Dental PlanX
Exelon Retiree Medical Plan of Constellation Energy Nuclear Group, LLCXXX
Exelon Retiree Dental Plan of Constellation Energy Nuclear Group, LLCXXX
__________
(a)Employees generally remain in their legacy benefit plans when transferring between operating companies.

Exelon’s traditional and cash balance pension plans are intended to be tax-qualified defined benefit plans. Exelon has elected that the trusts underlying these plans be treated as qualified trusts under the IRC. If certain conditions are met, Exelon can deduct payments made to the qualified trusts, subject to certain IRC limitations.
Benefit Obligations, Plan Assets, and Funded Status
As of February 1, 2022, in connection with the separation, Exelon's pension and OPEB plans were remeasured. The remeasurement and separation resulted in a decrease to the Pension obligation, net of plan assets, of $921 million and a decrease to the OPEB obligation of $893 million. Additionally, AOCI decreased by $1,994 million (after-tax) and Regulatory assets and liabilities increased by $14 million and $5 million, respectively. Key assumptions were held consistent with the year end December 31, 2021 assumptions with the exception of the discount rate.
During the first quarter of 2024, Exelon received an updated valuation of its pension and OPEB to reflect actual census data as of January 1, 2024. This valuation resulted in an increase to the pension obligation of $98 million and a decrease to the OPEB obligations of $1 million. Additionally, AOCI increased by $25 million (after-tax) and Regulatory assets and liabilities increased by $66 million and $2 million, respectively.
The following tables provide a rollforward of the changes in the benefit obligations and plan assets of Exelon for the most recent two years for all plans combined:
Pension BenefitsOPEB
2024202320242023
Change in benefit obligation:
Net benefit obligation as of the beginning of year$10,988 $10,677 $1,908 $1,884 
Service cost166 155 27 26 
Interest cost565 578 96 101 
Plan participants’ contributions— — 27 27 
Actuarial (gain) loss⁽ᵃ⁾(331)406 (32)55 
Plan amendments— 4 — — 
Settlements(22)(42)— — 
Gross benefits paid(821)(790)(189)(185)
Net benefit obligation as of the end of year$10,545 $10,988 $1,837 $1,908 
 Pension BenefitsOPEB
2024202320242023
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of net plan assets as of the beginning of year$9,402 $9,521 $1,355 $1,351 
Actual return on plan assets100 638 108 108 
Employer contributions126 75 54 54 
Plan participants’ contributions— — 27 27 
Gross benefits paid(821)(790)(189)(185)
Settlements(22)(42)— — 
Fair value of net plan assets as of the end of year$8,785 $9,402 $1,355 $1,355 
__________
(a)The pension and OPEB gains in 2024 primarily reflect an increase in the discount rate. The pension and OPEB losses in 2023 primarily reflect a decrease in the discount rate.

Exelon presents its benefit obligations and plan assets net on its Consolidated Balance Sheets within the following line items:
 Pension BenefitsOPEB
2024202320242023
Other noncurrent assets$— $— $10 $— 
Other current liabilities(15)(15)(20)(26)
Pension obligations(1,745)(1,571)— — 
Non-pension postretirement benefit obligations— — (472)(527)
Unfunded status, net (net benefit obligation less plan assets)$(1,760)$(1,586)$(482)$(553)
The following table provides the ABO and fair value of plan assets for all pension plans with an ABO in excess of plan assets. Information for pension and OPEB plans with projected benefit obligations (PBO) and accumulated postretirement benefit obligations (APBO), respectively, in excess of plan assets have been disclosed in the Obligations and Plan Assets table above as all pension and a majority of the OPEB plans are underfunded.
Exelon
20242023
ABO$10,076 $10,376 
Fair value of net plan assets8,785 9,279 
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs
The majority of the 2024 pension benefit cost for the Exelon-sponsored plans is calculated using an expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 7.00% and a discount rate of 5.19%. The majority of the 2024 OPEB cost is calculated using an expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 6.50% for funded plans and a discount rate of 5.17%.
A portion of the net periodic benefit cost for all plans is capitalized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table presents the components of Exelon’s net periodic benefit costs, prior to capitalization, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.
Pension BenefitsOPEB
202420232022202420232022
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost$166 $155 $236 $27 $26 $41 
Interest cost565 578 439 96 101 76 
Expected return on assets(736)(755)(822)(84)(83)(99)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost (credit)2 2 2 (8)(10)(19)
Actuarial loss (gain)214 166 295 — (2)12 
Settlement and other charges10 20 — — — — 
Net periodic benefit cost$221 $166 $150 $31 $32 $11 


Cost Allocation to Exelon Subsidiaries
All Registrants account for their participation in Exelon’s pension and OPEB plans by applying multi-employer accounting. Exelon allocates costs related to its pension and OPEB plans to its subsidiaries based on both active and retired employee participation in each plan.
The amounts below represent the Registrants' allocated pension and OPEB costs (benefit). For Exelon, the service cost component is included in Operating and maintenance expense and Property, plant, and equipment, net while the non-service cost components are included in Other, net and Regulatory assets. For PHI and each of the Utility Registrants, the service cost and non-service cost components are included in Operating and maintenance expense and Property, plant, and equipment, net in their consolidated financial statements.
For the Years Ended December 31,ExelonComEdPECOBGEPHIPepcoDPLACE
2024$252 $72 $(1)$59 $93 $32 $15 $12 
2023198 26 (14)56 99 34 18 13 
2022161 60 (9)44 53 9 3 12 
Components of AOCI and Regulatory Assets
Exelon recognizes the overfunded or underfunded status of defined benefit pension and OPEB plans as an asset or liability on its Consolidated Balance Sheets, with offsetting entries to AOCI and Regulatory assets (liabilities). A portion of current year actuarial (gains) losses and prior service costs (credits) is capitalized in Exelon’s Consolidated Balance Sheets to reflect the expected regulatory recovery of these amounts, which would otherwise be recorded to AOCI. The following tables provide the components of AOCI and Regulatory assets (liabilities) for Exelon for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 for all plans combined. The tables include amounts related to Generation prior to the separation.
 Pension BenefitsOPEB
202420232022202420232022
Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in AOCI and Regulatory assets (liabilities):
Current year actuarial loss (gain)$305 $523 $(226)$(56)$30 $(271)
Amortization of actuarial (loss) gain(214)(166)(295)— 2 (12)
Separation of Constellation— — (2,631)— — (43)
Current year prior service cost— 4 — — — — 
Amortization of prior service (cost) credit(2)(2)(2)8 10 19 
Settlements(10)(20)— — — — 
Total recognized in AOCI and Regulatory assets (liabilities)$79 $339 $(3,154)$(48)$42 $(307)
Total recognized in AOCI$56 $99 $(2,719)$(1)$4 $(74)
Total recognized in Regulatory assets (liabilities)$23 $240 $(435)$(47)$38 $(233)
The following table provides the components of gross AOCI and Regulatory assets (liabilities) for Exelon that have not been recognized as components of periodic benefit cost as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, for all plans combined:
 Pension BenefitsOPEB
2024202320242023
Prior service cost (credit)$19 $21 $(37)$(45)
Actuarial loss (gain)4,029 3,948 (157)(101)
Total$4,048 $3,969 $(194)$(146)
Total included in AOCI$1,028 $972 $(18)$(17)
Total included in Regulatory assets (liabilities)$3,020 $2,997 $(176)$(129)
Average Remaining Service Period
For pension benefits, Exelon amortizes its unrecognized prior service costs (credits) and certain actuarial (gains) losses, as applicable, based on participants’ average remaining service periods.
For OPEB, Exelon amortizes its unrecognized prior service costs (credits) over participants’ average remaining service period to benefit eligibility age and amortizes certain actuarial (gains) losses over participants’ average remaining service period to expected retirement. The resulting average remaining service periods for pension and OPEB were as follows:
202420232022
Pension plans12.5 12.6 12.5 
OPEB plans:
Benefit Eligibility Age7.8 8.1 7.9 
Expected Retirement9.0 9.3 9.1 
Assumptions
The measurement of the plan obligations and costs of providing benefits under Exelon’s defined benefit and OPEB plans involves various factors, including the development of valuation assumptions and inputs and accounting policy elections. The measurement of benefit obligations and costs is impacted by several assumptions and inputs, as shown below, among other factors. When developing the required assumptions, Exelon considers historical information as well as future expectations.
Expected Rate of Return. In determining the EROA, Exelon considers historical economic indicators (including inflation and GDP growth) that impact asset returns, as well as expectations regarding future long-term capital market performance, weighted by Exelon’s target asset class allocations.
Mortality. The mortality assumption is composed of a base table that represents the current expectation of life expectancy of the population adjusted by an improvement scale that attempts to anticipate future improvements in life expectancy. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, Exelon’s mortality assumption utilizes the SOA 2019 base table (Pri-2012) and MP-2021 improvement scale adjusted to use Proxy SSA ultimate improvement rates.
For Exelon, the following assumptions were used to determine the benefit obligations for the plans as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Assumptions used to determine year-end benefit obligations are the assumptions used to estimate the subsequent year’s net periodic benefit costs.
 Pension BenefitsOPEB
2024 2023 2024 2023
Discount rate(a)
5.68 %5.19 %5.64 %5.17 %
Investment crediting rate(b) 
5.69 %

5.03 %N/AN/A
Rate of compensation increase3.75 %3.75 %3.75 %3.75 %
Mortality tablePri-2012 table with MP- 2021 improvement scale (adjusted)Pri-2012 table with MP- 2021 improvement scale (adjusted)Pri-2012 table with MP- 2021 improvement scale (adjusted) Pri-2012 table with MP- 2021 improvement scale (adjusted)
Health care cost trend on covered chargesN/AN/A
Initial and ultimate trend rate of 5.00%

Initial and ultimate trend rate of 5.00%
__________
(a)The discount rates above represent the blended rates used to determine the majority of Exelon’s pension and OPEB obligations. Certain benefit plans used individual rates, which range from 5.56% - 5.76% and 5.60% - 5.64% for pension and OPEB plans, respectively, as of December 31, 2024 and 5.11% - 5.27% and 5.15% - 5.17% for pension and OPEB plans, respectively, as of December 31, 2023.
(b)The investment crediting rate above represents a weighted average rate.

The following assumptions were used to determine the net periodic benefit cost for Exelon for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022: 
 Pension Benefits OPEB
2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022
Discount rate(a)
5.19 %5.53 %3.24 %5.17 %5.51 %3.20 %
Investment crediting rate(b)
5.03 %5.07 %3.75 %N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Expected return on plan assets(c) 
7.00 %7.00 %7.00 %6.50 %6.50 %6.44 %
Rate of compensation increase3.75 %

3.75 %

3.75 %
 
3.75 %
 
3.75 %
 
3.75 %
Mortality tablePri-2012 table with MP- 2021 improvement scale (adjusted)Pri-2012 table with MP- 2021 improvement scale (adjusted)Pri-2012 table with MP- 2021 improvement scale (adjusted)Pri-2012 table with MP- 2021 improvement scale (adjusted)Pri-2012 table with MP- 2021 improvement scale (adjusted)Pri-2012 table with MP- 2021 improvement scale (adjusted)
Health care cost trend on covered chargesN/AN/AN/A
Initial and ultimate rate
of 5.00%
Initial and ultimate rate of 5.00%
Initial and ultimate rate of 5.00%
__________
(a)The discount rates above represent the blended rates used to establish the majority of Exelon’s pension and OPEB costs. Certain benefit plans used individual rates, which range from 5.11%-5.27% and 5.15%-5.17% for pension and OPEB plans, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2024; 5.46%-5.60% and 5.49%-5.51% for pension and OPEB plans; respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2023; and 2.55%-3.24% and 2.84%-3.20% for pension and OPEB plans, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2022.
(b)The investment crediting rate above represents a weighted average rate.
(c)Not applicable to pension and OPEB plans that do not have plan assets.
Contributions
Exelon allocates contributions related to its ECRP and PPBU pension plans and East and West OPEB plans to its subsidiaries based on accounting cost. For the EPP pension plan, PHI Qualified, and PHI PRW plans, pension and OPEB contributions are allocated to the subsidiaries based on employee participation (both active and retired). For Exelon, in connection with the separation, additional qualified pension contributions of $207 million and $33 million were completed on February 1, 2022 and March 2, 2022, respectively. The following table provides contributions to the pension and OPEB plans:
 Pension BenefitsOPEB
 2024202320222024 2023 2022
Exelon$126 $75 $570 $54 $54 $42 
ComEd7 24 176 18 17 8 
PECO3 1 15 1 — 3 
BGE17 — 48 20 19 20 
PHI74 8 69 12 16 9 
Pepco 1 1 3 8 11 8 
DPL 1 2 1 2 2 — 
ACE 7 — 7 2 3 — 
Management considers various factors when making pension funding decisions, including actuarially determined minimum contribution requirements under ERISA, contributions required to avoid benefit restrictions and at-risk status as defined by the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (the "Act"), management of the pension obligation, and regulatory implications. The Act requires the attainment of certain funding levels to avoid benefit restrictions (such as an inability to pay lump sums or to accrue benefits prospectively), and at-risk status (which triggers higher minimum contribution requirements and participant notification). The projected contributions below reflect a funding strategy to make annual contributions with the objective of achieving 100% funded status on an ABO basis over time. This funding strategy helps minimize volatility of future period required pension contributions. Based on this funding strategy and current market conditions, which are subject to change, Exelon’s estimated annual qualified pension contributions will be approximately $275 million in 2025. Unlike the qualified pension plans, Exelon’s non-qualified pension plans are not funded, given they are not subject to statutory minimum contribution requirements.
While OPEB plans are also not subject to statutory minimum contribution requirements, Exelon does fund certain of its plans. For Exelon's funded OPEB plans, contributions generally equal accounting costs, however, Exelon’s management has historically considered several factors in determining the level of contributions to its OPEB
plans, including liabilities management, levels of benefit claims paid, and regulatory implications (amounts deemed prudent to meet regulatory expectations and best assure continued rate recovery). The amounts below include benefit payments related to unfunded plans.
The following table provides all Registrants' planned contributions to the qualified pension plans, planned benefit payments to non-qualified pension plans, and planned contributions to OPEB plans in 2025:
Qualified Pension PlansNon-Qualified Pension PlansOPEB
Exelon$275 $16 $45 
ComEd187 2 21 
PECO9 1 1 
BGE26 1 14 
PHI36 8 7 
Pepco1 1 6 
DPL1 — 1 
ACE4 — 1 
Estimated Future Benefit Payments
Estimated future benefit payments to participants in all of the pension plans and postretirement benefit plans as of December 31, 2024 were:
Pension BenefitsOPEB
2025$809 $156 
2026809 157 
2027821 156 
2028811 155 
2029815 154 
2030 through 20344,019 746 
Total estimated future benefits payments through 2034$8,084 $1,524 
Plan Assets
Investment Strategy. On a regular basis, Exelon evaluates its investment strategy to ensure plan assets will be sufficient to pay plan benefits when due. As part of this ongoing evaluation, Exelon may make changes to its targeted asset allocation and investment strategy.
Exelon has developed and implemented a liability hedging investment strategy for its qualified pension plans that has reduced the volatility of its pension assets relative to its pension liabilities. Exelon is likely to continue to gradually increase the liability hedging portfolio as the funded status of its plans improves. The overall objective is to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns that will balance the liquidity requirements of the plans’ liabilities while striving to minimize the risk of significant losses. Trust assets for Exelon’s OPEB plans are managed in a diversified investment strategy that prioritizes maximizing liquidity and returns while minimizing asset volatility.
Actual asset returns have an impact on the costs reported for the Exelon-sponsored pension and OPEB plans. The actual asset returns across Exelon’s pension and OPEB plans for the year ended December 31, 2024 were 1.49% and 8.54%, respectively, compared to an expected long-term return assumption of 7.00% and 6.50%, respectively. Exelon used an EROA of 7.00% and 6.50% to estimate its 2025 pension and OPEB costs, respectively.
Exelon’s pension and OPEB plan target asset allocations as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Asset CategoryPension BenefitsOPEBPension BenefitsOPEB
Equity securities28 %44 %28 %44 %
Fixed income securities44 %41 %44 %41 %
Alternative investments(a)
28 %15 %28 %15 %
Total100 %100 %100 %100 %
__________
(a)Alternative investments include private equity, hedge funds, real estate, and private credit.
Concentrations of Credit Risk. Exelon evaluated its pension and OPEB plans’ asset portfolios for the existence of significant concentrations of credit risk as of December 31, 2024. Types of concentrations that were evaluated include, but are not limited to, investment concentrations in a single entity, type of industry, foreign country, and individual fund. As of December 31, 2024, there were no significant concentrations (defined as greater than 10% of plan assets) of risk in Exelon’s pension and OPEB plan assets.
Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present pension and OPEB plan assets measured and recorded at fair value in Exelon's Consolidated Balance Sheets on a recurring basis and their level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Level 1Level 2Level 3Not Subject to LevelingTotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Not Subject to LevelingTotal
Pension plan assets(a)
Cash and cash equivalents$205 $— $— $— $205 $267 $— $— $— $267 
Equities(b)
1,127 — 1 1,361 2,489 1,513 — 1 694 2,208 
Fixed income:
U.S. Treasury and agencies1,333 199 — — 1,532 1,291 184 — — 1,475 
State and municipal debt— 32 — — 32 — 42 — — 42 
Corporate debt— 1,551 16 — 1,567 — 1,792 9 — 1,801 
Other(b)
— 25 — 618 643 — 79 — 788 867 
Fixed income subtotal1,333 1,807 16 618 3,774 1,291 2,097 9 788 4,185 
Private equity— — — 1,249 1,249 — — — 1,166 1,166 
Hedge funds— — — 464 464 — — — 578 578 
Real estate— — — 730 730 — — — 760 760 
Private credit— — — 544 544 — — — 626 626 
Pension plan assets subtotal $2,665 $1,807 $17 $4,966 $9,455 $3,071 $2,097 $10 $4,612 $9,790 
OPEB plan assets(a)
Cash and cash equivalents$44 $— $— $— $44 $45 $— $— $— $45 
Equities437 1 — 188 626 315 1 — 270 586 
Fixed income:
U.S. Treasury and agencies18 34 — — 52 15 54 — — 69 
State and municipal debt— 2 — — 2 — 7 — — 7 
Corporate debt— 32 — — 32 — 44 — — 44 
Other166 2 — 262 430 175 4 — 206 385 
Fixed income subtotal184 70 — 262 516 190 109 — 206 505 
Hedge funds— — — 75 75 — — — 109 109 
Real estate— — — 78 78 — — — 88 88 
Private credit— — — 16 16 — — — 22 22 
OPEB plan assets subtotal$665 $71 $— $619 $1,355 $550 $110 $— $695 $1,355 
Total pension and OPEB plan assets(c)
$3,330 $1,878 $17 $5,585 $10,810 $3,621 $2,207 $10 $5,307 $11,145 
__________
(a)See Note 17—Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities for a description of levels within the fair value hierarchy.
(b)Includes derivative instruments of $(21) million and $51 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which have total notional amounts of $5,123 million and $3,351 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The notional principal amounts for these instruments provide one measure of the transaction volume outstanding as of the fiscal years ended and do not represent the amount of Exelon's exposure to credit or market loss.
(c)Excludes net liabilities of $670 million and $388 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which include certain derivative assets that have notional amounts of $41 million and $59 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These items are required to reconcile to the fair value of net plan assets and consist primarily of receivables or payables related to pending securities sales and purchases, interest and dividends receivable, and repurchase agreement obligations. The repurchase agreements generally have maturities ranging from 3 - 6 months.

The following table presents the reconciliation of Level 3 assets and liabilities for Exelon measured at fair value for pension and OPEB plans for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Fixed IncomeEquitiesTotal
Pension Assets
Balance as of January 1, 2024$9 $1 $10 
Actual return on plan assets:
Relating to assets still held as of the reporting date(1)— (1)
Purchases, sales and settlements:
Purchases2 — 2 
Level 3 transfers in6 — 6 
Balance as of December 31, 2024$16 $1 $17 
Fixed IncomeEquitiesTotal
Pension Assets
Balance as of January 1, 2023$12 $— $12 
Actual return on plan assets:
Relating to assets still held as of the reporting date— — — 
Purchases, sales and settlements:
Purchases— — — 
Level 3 transfers (out) in(3)1 (2)
Balance as of December 31, 2023$9 $1 $10 
_
Valuation Techniques Used to Determine Fair Value
The techniques used to fair value the pension and OPEB assets invested in cash equivalents are the same as the valuation techniques used to determine the fair value of financial assets. See Cash Equivalents in Note 17 - Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities for further information. Below outlines the techniques used to fair value the pension and OPEB assets invested in equities, fixed income, derivative instruments, private credit, private equity, real estate, and hedge funds.
Equities. These investments consist of individually held equity securities, equity mutual funds, and equity commingled funds in domestic and foreign markets. With respect to individually held equity securities, the trustees obtain prices from pricing services, whose prices are generally obtained from direct feeds from market exchanges, which Exelon is able to independently corroborate. Equity securities held individually, including real estate investment trusts, rights, and warrants, are primarily traded on exchanges that contain only actively traded securities due to the volume trading requirements imposed by these exchanges. The equity securities that are held directly by the trust funds are valued based on quoted prices in active markets and categorized as Level 1. Certain equity securities have been categorized as Level 2 because they are based on evaluated prices that reflect observable market information, such as actual trade information or similar securities. Certain private placement equity securities are categorized as Level 3 because they are not publicly traded and are priced using significant unobservable inputs.
Equity commingled funds and mutual funds are maintained by investment companies, and fund investments are held in accordance with a stated set of fund objectives. The values of some of these funds are publicly quoted. For mutual funds which are publicly quoted, the funds are valued based on quoted prices in active markets and have been categorized as Level 1. For equity commingled funds and mutual funds that are not publicly quoted, the fund administrators value the funds using the NAV per fund share, derived from the quoted prices in active markets on the underlying securities and are not classified within the fair value hierarchy. These investments can typically be redeemed monthly or more frequently, with 30 or less days of notice and without further restrictions.
Fixed income. For fixed income securities, which consist primarily of corporate debt securities, U.S. government securities, foreign government securities, municipal bonds, asset and mortgage-backed securities, commingled funds, mutual funds, and derivative instruments, the trustees obtain multiple prices from pricing vendors whenever possible, which enables cross-provider validations in addition to checks for unusual daily movements. A primary price source is identified based on asset type, class, or issue for each security. With respect to individually held fixed income securities, the trustees monitor prices supplied by pricing services and may use a supplemental price source or change the primary price source of a given security if the portfolio managers challenge an assigned price and the trustees determine another price source is considered to be preferable. Exelon has obtained an understanding of how these prices are derived, including the nature and observability of the inputs used in deriving such prices. Additionally, Exelon selectively corroborates the fair values of securities by comparison to other market-based price sources. Investments in U.S. Treasury securities have been categorized as Level 1 because they trade in highly-liquid and transparent markets. Certain private placement fixed income securities have been categorized as Level 3 because they are priced using certain significant unobservable inputs and are typically illiquid. The remaining fixed income securities, including certain other fixed income investments, are based on evaluated prices that reflect observable market information, such as actual trade information of similar securities, adjusted for observable differences and are categorized as Level 2.
Other fixed income investments primarily consist of fixed income commingled funds and mutual funds, which are maintained by investment companies and hold fund investments in accordance with a stated set of fund objectives. The values of some of these funds are publicly quoted. For mutual funds which are publicly quoted, the funds are valued based on quoted prices in active markets and have been categorized as Level 1. For fixed income commingled funds and mutual funds that are not publicly quoted, the fund administrators value the funds using the NAV per fund share, derived from the quoted prices in active markets of the underlying securities and are not classified within the fair value hierarchy. These investments typically can be redeemed monthly or more frequently, with 30 or less days of notice and without further restrictions.
Derivative instruments. These instruments, consisting primarily of futures and swaps to manage risk, are recorded at fair value. Over-the-counter derivatives are valued daily, based on quoted prices in active markets and trade in open markets, and have been categorized as Level 1. Derivative instruments other than over-the-counter derivatives are valued based on external price data of comparable securities and have been categorized as Level 2.
Private credit. Private credit investments primarily consist of investments in private debt strategies. These investments are generally less liquid assets with an underlying term of 3 to 5 years and are intended to be held to maturity. The fair value of these investments is determined by the fund manager or administrator using a combination of valuation models including cost models, market models, and income models and typically cannot be redeemed until maturity of the term loan. Managed private credit fund investments are not classified within the fair value hierarchy because their fair value is determined using NAV or its equivalent as a practical expedient.
Private equity. These investments include those in limited partnerships that invest in operating companies that are not publicly traded on a stock exchange such as leveraged buyouts, growth capital, venture capital, distressed investments, and investments in natural resources. These investments typically cannot be redeemed and are generally liquidated over a period of 8 to 10 years from the initial investment date, which is based on Exelon's understanding of the investment funds. Private equity valuations are reported by the fund manager and are based on the valuation of the underlying investments, which include unobservable inputs such as cost, operating results, discounted future cash flows, and market based comparable data. The fair value of private equity investments is determined using NAV or its equivalent as a practical expedient, and therefore, these investments are not classified within the fair value hierarchy.
Real estate. These investments are funds with a direct investment in pools of real estate properties. These funds are reported by the fund manager and are generally based on independent appraisals of the underlying
investments from sources with professional qualifications, typically using a combination of market based comparable data and discounted cash flows. These valuation inputs are unobservable. Certain real estate investments cannot be redeemed and are generally liquidated over a period of 8 to 10 years from the initial investment date, which is based on Exelon's understanding of the investment funds. The remaining liquid real estate investments are generally redeemable from the investment vehicle quarterly, with 30 to 90 days of notice. The fair value of real estate investments is determined using NAV or its equivalent as a practical expedient, and therefore, these investments are not classified within the fair value hierarchy.
Hedge funds. Hedge fund investments include those that employ a broad range of strategies to enhance returns and provide additional diversification. The fair value of hedge funds is determined using NAV or its equivalent as a practical expedient, and therefore, hedge funds are not classified within the fair value hierarchy. Exelon has the ability to redeem these investments at NAV or its equivalent subject to certain restrictions that may include a lock-up period or a gate.
Defined Contribution Savings Plan
The Registrants participate in a 401(k) defined contribution savings plan that is sponsored by Exelon. The plan is qualified under applicable sections of the IRC and allows employees to contribute a portion of their pre-tax and/or after-tax income in accordance with specified guidelines. All Registrants match a percentage of the employee contributions up to certain limits. The following table presents the employer contributions and employer matching contributions to the savings plan for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022:
For the Years Ended December 31,ExelonComEdPECOBGEPHIPepcoDPLACE
2024$112 $46 $15 $12 19 $5 $5 $3 
2023109 47 15 12 16 4 3 2 
202291 39 13 11 14 4 3 2