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Revenues
 9 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenues Revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue
Subscription and Support Revenue by the Company's service offerings
Subscription and support revenues consisted of the following (in millions):
 Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
 2020201920202019
Sales $1,311 $1,168 $3,835 $3,371 
Service 1,376 1,140 3,931 3,247 
Platform and Other1,594 1,287 4,470 3,041 
Marketing and Commerce804 644 2,264 1,821 
$5,085 $4,239 $14,500 $11,480 

Total Revenue by Geographic Locations
Revenues by geographical region consisted of the following (in millions):
 Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
 2020201920202019
Americas$3,758 $3,216 $10,724 $8,649 
Europe1,149 880 3,253 2,421 
Asia Pacific512 417 1,458 1,177 
$5,419 $4,513 $15,435 $12,247 
Revenues by geography are determined based on the region of the Company's contracting entity, which may be different than the region of the customer. Americas revenue attributed to the United States was approximately 96 percent during the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. No other country represented more than ten percent of total revenue during the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Contract Balances
Contract Assets
As described in Note 1, subscription and support revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contract term beginning on the commencement date of each contract. License revenue is recognized as the licenses are delivered. The Company records a contract asset when revenue recognized on a contract exceeds the billings. The Company's standard billing terms are annual in advance. Contract assets were $574 million as of October 31, 2020 as compared to $449 million as of January 31, 2020, and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Impairments of contract assets were immaterial during the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Unearned Revenue
Unearned revenue represents amounts that have been invoiced in advance of revenue recognition and is recognized as revenue when transfer of control to customers has occurred or services have been provided. The unearned revenue balance does not represent the total contract value of annual or multi-year, non-cancelable subscription agreements. The Company generally invoices customers in annual installments. The unearned revenue balance is influenced by several factors, including seasonality, the compounding effects of renewals, invoice duration, invoice timing, dollar size and new business linearity within the quarter.
The change in unearned revenue was as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended October 31,Nine Months Ended October 31,
2020201920202019
Unearned revenue, beginning of period$8,711 $7,142 $10,662 $8,564 
Billings and other (1)4,561 3,886 12,498 9,996 
Contribution from contract asset66 61 125 112 
Revenue recognized ratably over time(4,911)(4,047)(14,021)(11,270)
Revenue recognized over time as delivered(192)(184)(573)(530)
Revenue recognized at a point in time(316)(282)(841)(447)
Unearned revenue from business combinations4 282 73 433 
Unearned revenue, end of period$7,923 $6,858 $7,923 $6,858 
(1) Other includes, for example, the impact of foreign currency translation.
Revenue recognized ratably over time is generally billed in advance and includes Cloud Services, the related support and advisory services. The majority of revenue recognized for these services is from the beginning of period unearned revenue balance.
Revenue recognized over time as delivered includes professional services billed on a time and materials basis, fixed fee professional services and training classes that are primarily billed, delivered and recognized within the same reporting period.
Revenue recognized at a point in time substantially consists of on-premises software licenses.
Remaining Performance Obligation
Remaining performance obligation represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized and includes unearned revenue and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligation is influenced by several factors, including seasonality, the timing of renewals, the timing of software license deliveries, average contract terms and foreign currency exchange rates. Remaining performance obligation is also impacted by acquisitions. Unbilled portions of the remaining performance obligation denominated in foreign currencies are revalued each period based on the period end exchange rates. Unbilled portions of the remaining performance obligation are subject to future economic risks including bankruptcies, regulatory changes and other market factors.
The Company excludes amounts related to performance obligations that are billed and recognized as they are delivered. This primarily consists of professional services contracts that are on a time-and-materials basis.
The majority of the Company's noncurrent remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized in the next 13 to 36 months.
Remaining performance obligation consisted of the following (in billions):
 CurrentNoncurrentTotal
As of October 31, 2020 $15.3 $15.0 $30.3 
As of January 31, 2020$15.0 $15.8 $30.8