﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<InstanceReport xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <Version>2.2.0.7</Version>
  <hasSegments>false</hasSegments>
  <ReportName>Income Taxes</ReportName>
  <ReportLongName>0206 - Disclosure - Income Taxes</ReportLongName>
  <DisplayLabelColumn>true</DisplayLabelColumn>
  <ShowElementNames>false</ShowElementNames>
  <RoundingOption />
  <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
  <Columns>
    <Column>
      <LabelColumn>false</LabelColumn>
      <Id>1</Id>
      <Labels>
        <Label Id="1" Label="6 Months Ended" />
        <Label Id="2" Label="Jun. 30, 2010" />
      </Labels>
      <CurrencyCode>USD</CurrencyCode>
      <FootnoteIndexer />
      <hasSegments>false</hasSegments>
      <hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios>
      <Segments />
      <Scenarios />
      <Units>
        <Unit>
          <UnitID>USD</UnitID>
          <UnitType>Standard</UnitType>
          <StandardMeasure>
            <MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217</MeasureSchema>
            <MeasureValue>USD</MeasureValue>
            <MeasureNamespace>iso4217</MeasureNamespace>
          </StandardMeasure>
          <Scale>0</Scale>
        </Unit>
        <Unit>
          <UnitID>USDEPS</UnitID>
          <UnitType>Divide</UnitType>
          <NumeratorMeasure>
            <MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217</MeasureSchema>
            <MeasureValue>USD</MeasureValue>
            <MeasureNamespace>iso4217</MeasureNamespace>
          </NumeratorMeasure>
          <DenominatorMeasure>
            <MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance</MeasureSchema>
            <MeasureValue>shares</MeasureValue>
            <MeasureNamespace>xbrli</MeasureNamespace>
          </DenominatorMeasure>
          <Scale>0</Scale>
        </Unit>
        <Unit>
          <UnitID>Shares</UnitID>
          <UnitType>Standard</UnitType>
          <StandardMeasure>
            <MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance</MeasureSchema>
            <MeasureValue>shares</MeasureValue>
            <MeasureNamespace>xbrli</MeasureNamespace>
          </StandardMeasure>
          <Scale>0</Scale>
        </Unit>
      </Units>
      <CurrencySymbol>$</CurrencySymbol>
    </Column>
  </Columns>
  <Rows>
    <Row>
      <Id>2</Id>
      <Label>Income Taxes [Abstract]</Label>
      <Level>0</Level>
      <ElementName>us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract</ElementName>
      <ElementPrefix>us-gaap</ElementPrefix>
      <IsBaseElement>true</IsBaseElement>
      <BalanceType>na</BalanceType>
      <PeriodType>duration</PeriodType>
      <ShortDefinition>No definition available.</ShortDefinition>
      <IsReportTitle>false</IsReportTitle>
      <IsSegmentTitle>false</IsSegmentTitle>
      <IsSubReportEnd>false</IsSubReportEnd>
      <IsCalendarTitle>false</IsCalendarTitle>
      <IsTuple>false</IsTuple>
      <IsAbstractGroupTitle>true</IsAbstractGroupTitle>
      <IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>false</IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>
      <IsEquityAdjustmentRow>false</IsEquityAdjustmentRow>
      <IsBeginningBalance>false</IsBeginningBalance>
      <IsEndingBalance>false</IsEndingBalance>
      <IsReverseSign>false</IsReverseSign>
      <PreferredLabelRole />
      <IsEPS>false</IsEPS>
      <FootnoteIndexer />
      <Cells>
        <Cell>
          <Id>1</Id>
          <ShowCurrencySymbol>false</ShowCurrencySymbol>
          <IsNumeric>false</IsNumeric>
          <IsRatio>false</IsRatio>
          <DisplayZeroAsNone>false</DisplayZeroAsNone>
          <NumericAmount>0</NumericAmount>
          <RoundedNumericAmount>0</RoundedNumericAmount>
          <NonNumbericText />
          <NonNumericTextHeader />
          <FootnoteIndexer />
          <hasSegments>false</hasSegments>
          <hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios>
          <DisplayDateInUSFormat>false</DisplayDateInUSFormat>
        </Cell>
      </Cells>
      <OriginalInstanceReportColumns />
      <ElementDataType>xbrli:stringItemType</ElementDataType>
      <SimpleDataType>string</SimpleDataType>
      <ElementDefenition>No definition available.</ElementDefenition>
      <IsTotalLabel>false</IsTotalLabel>
    </Row>
    <Row>
      <Id>3</Id>
      <Label>INCOME TAXES</Label>
      <Level>1</Level>
      <ElementName>us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock</ElementName>
      <ElementPrefix>us-gaap</ElementPrefix>
      <IsBaseElement>true</IsBaseElement>
      <BalanceType>na</BalanceType>
      <PeriodType>duration</PeriodType>
      <ShortDefinition>No definition available.</ShortDefinition>
      <IsReportTitle>false</IsReportTitle>
      <IsSegmentTitle>false</IsSegmentTitle>
      <IsSubReportEnd>false</IsSubReportEnd>
      <IsCalendarTitle>false</IsCalendarTitle>
      <IsTuple>false</IsTuple>
      <IsAbstractGroupTitle>false</IsAbstractGroupTitle>
      <IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>false</IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>
      <IsEquityAdjustmentRow>false</IsEquityAdjustmentRow>
      <IsBeginningBalance>false</IsBeginningBalance>
      <IsEndingBalance>false</IsEndingBalance>
      <IsReverseSign>false</IsReverseSign>
      <PreferredLabelRole>verboselabel</PreferredLabelRole>
      <IsEPS>false</IsEPS>
      <FootnoteIndexer />
      <Cells>
        <Cell>
          <Id>1</Id>
          <ShowCurrencySymbol>false</ShowCurrencySymbol>
          <IsNumeric>false</IsNumeric>
          <IsRatio>false</IsRatio>
          <DisplayZeroAsNone>false</DisplayZeroAsNone>
          <NumericAmount>0</NumericAmount>
          <RoundedNumericAmount>0</RoundedNumericAmount>
          <NonNumbericText>&lt;!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --&gt;
   &lt;!-- Begin Block Tagged Note 6 - us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock--&gt;
   &lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;6. INCOME TAXES&lt;/b&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;The total amount of unrecognized benefit that would affect the effective tax rate, if
   recognized, was approximately $9.1&amp;#160;million as of June&amp;#160;30, 2010. It is the Company&amp;#8217;s policy to
   recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized benefits in its condensed consolidated
   statements of income as income tax expense. During the six months ended June&amp;#160;30, 2010, the Company
   decreased interest and penalties by approximately $0.3&amp;#160;million. A total of approximately
   $1.7&amp;#160;million of interest and penalties is included in the amount of the liability for uncertain tax
   positions at June&amp;#160;30, 2010.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that approximately $5.9&amp;#160;million of its
   current unrecognized tax benefit may be recognized within the next 12&amp;#160;months as a result of a lapse
   of the statute of limitations and settlements with taxing authorities.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;The Company, or one of its subsidiaries, files income tax returns in the U.S. federal
   jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. The Company has extended the federal statute of
   limitations for Triad Hospitals, Inc. (&amp;#8220;Triad&amp;#8221;) for the tax periods ended December&amp;#160;31, 1999,
   December&amp;#160;31, 2000, April&amp;#160;30, 2001, June&amp;#160;30, 2001, December&amp;#160;31, 2001, December&amp;#160;31, 2002 and
   December&amp;#160;31, 2003. The Company is currently under examination by the IRS regarding the federal tax
   return of Triad for the tax periods ended December&amp;#160;31, 2004, December&amp;#160;31, 2005, December&amp;#160;31, 2006
   and July&amp;#160;25, 2007. The Company believes the results of this examination will not be material to its
   consolidated results of operations or consolidated financial position. With few exceptions, the
   Company is no longer subject to state income tax examinations for years prior to 2006 and federal
   income tax examinations with respect to Community Health Systems, Inc. federal returns for years
   prior to 2006.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;!-- Folio --&gt;
   &lt;!-- /Folio --&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;!-- PAGEBREAK --&gt;
   &lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"&gt;
   &lt;div align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt"&gt;
   &lt;b&gt;
   &lt;/b&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt"&gt;
   &lt;b&gt;
   &lt;/b&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;Prior to January&amp;#160;1, 2009, income attributable to noncontrolling interests was deducted from
   earnings before arriving at income from continuing operations. With the adoption of certain updates
   to U.S. GAAP related to consolidations effective January&amp;#160;1, 2009, the income attributable to
   noncontrolling interests has been reclassified below net income and therefore is no longer deducted
   in arriving at income from continuing operations. However, the provision for income taxes does not
   change because those less than wholly-owned consolidated subsidiaries attribute their taxable
   income to their respective investors. Accordingly, the Company will not pay tax on the income
   attributable to the noncontrolling interests. As a result of separately reporting income that is
   taxed to others, the Company&amp;#8217;s effective tax rate on continuing operations before income taxes, as
   reported on the face of the financial statements is 32.5% and 33.3% for the three months ended June
   30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and 32.3% and 33.4% for the six months ended June&amp;#160;30, 2010 and
   2009, respectively. However, the actual effective tax rate that is attributable to the Company&amp;#8217;s
   share of income from continuing operations before income taxes (income from continuing operations
   before income taxes, as presented on the face of the condensed consolidated statement of income,
   less income from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests of $16.3&amp;#160;million
   and $14.6&amp;#160;million for the three months ended June&amp;#160;30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and
   $31.3&amp;#160;million and $28.2&amp;#160;million for the six months ended June&amp;#160;30, 2010 and 2009, respectively) is
   37.2% and 38.3% for the three months ended June&amp;#160;30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and 36.8% and
   38.3% for the six months ended June&amp;#160;30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received, resulted in net cash paid of
   $78.8&amp;#160;million and $61.6&amp;#160;million for the three months ended June&amp;#160;30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
   Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received, resulted in net cash paid of $79.7&amp;#160;million for
   the six months ended June&amp;#160;30, 2010 and a net cash refund of $0.7&amp;#160;million for the six months ended
   June&amp;#160;30, 2009.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
</NonNumbericText>
          <NonNumericTextHeader>&lt;!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --&gt;
   &lt;!-- Begin Block Tagged Note</NonNumericTextHeader>
          <FootnoteIndexer />
          <hasSegments>false</hasSegments>
          <hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios>
          <DisplayDateInUSFormat>false</DisplayDateInUSFormat>
        </Cell>
      </Cells>
      <OriginalInstanceReportColumns />
      <ElementDataType>us-types:textBlockItemType</ElementDataType>
      <SimpleDataType>textblock</SimpleDataType>
      <ElementDefenition>Description containing the entire income tax disclosure. Examples include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. This element may be used as a single block of text to encapsulate the entire disclosure including data and tables.</ElementDefenition>
      <ElementReferences>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
 -Publisher SEC
 -Name Regulation S-X (SX)
 -Number 210
 -Section 08
 -Paragraph h
 -Article 4

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
 -Publisher FASB
 -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS)
 -Number 109
 -Paragraph 136, 172

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
 -Publisher FASB
 -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS)
 -Number 109
 -Paragraph 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49

</ElementReferences>
      <IsTotalLabel>false</IsTotalLabel>
    </Row>
  </Rows>
  <Footnotes />
  <NumberOfCols>1</NumberOfCols>
  <NumberOfRows>2</NumberOfRows>
  <HasScenarios>false</HasScenarios>
  <MonetaryRoundingLevel>UnKnown</MonetaryRoundingLevel>
  <SharesRoundingLevel>UnKnown</SharesRoundingLevel>
  <PerShareRoundingLevel>UnKnown</PerShareRoundingLevel>
  <HasPureData>false</HasPureData>
  <SharesShouldBeRounded>true</SharesShouldBeRounded>
</InstanceReport>
