Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known.

The Company’s most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the financial statements are:

•Clinical trial expenses and other research and development expenses;

•Collaboration agreements;

•Fair value measurements of stock-based compensation; and

•Income taxes.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist primarily of demand deposit accounts, certificates of deposit and deposits in short-term U.S. treasury money market mutual funds. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair market value.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash accounts in commercial banks, which may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis using the following periods, which represent the estimated useful lives of the assets:

Office and computer equipment	3 years
Software	3 years
Laboratory equipment	5 years

Operating Segments

Operating Segments

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and relied upon when making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. When evaluating the Company’s financial performance, the CODM reviews total revenues, total expenses, and expenses by functional classification; using this information to make decisions on a company-wide basis. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment.

Warrants

Warrants

The Company assesses whether warrants issued require accounting as derivatives. The Company determined that the warrants were (1) indexed to the Company’s own stock and (2) classified in stockholders’ equity in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. As such, the Company has concluded the warrants meet the scope exception for determining whether the instruments require accounting as derivatives and should be classified in stockholders’ equity.

Derivative Liabilities

Derivative Liabilities

In accordance with applicable accounting standards, upon issuance of financial instruments, whether stand alone or embedded, the Company performs an analysis to determine the appropriate classification of the financial instrument as either a derivative liability, or if certain conditions are met, as equity. Derivative liabilities are initially recorded at fair value and subsequently remeasures the derivative liability at each reporting period with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. The Company continually evaluates the classification and if the terms of the agreement are modified, the Company performs an assessment of the impact. Upon modification, if the instrument qualifies for equity classification, at that time it is remeasured at fair value, with changes in fair value since last measurement recognized in earnings and thereafter the balance is reclassified at its then fair value to equity. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company determined that certain warrants initially qualified as derivative liabilities. Such warrants were subsequently modified at which point the warrants qualified for equity classification. See further discussion in Note 9 - Warrants.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The Company has certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value which have been classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value hierarchy as described in the accounting standards for fair value measurements.

•Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

($ in thousands)			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Description	Balance as of December 31, 2025		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents	$	1,135	$	1,135	$	—	$	—

($ in thousands)			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Description	Balance as of December 31, 2024		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents	$	779	$	779	$	—	$	—

The cash equivalents represent demand deposit accounts and deposits in a short-term United States treasury money market mutual fund quoted in an active market and classified as a Level 1 asset. There have been no changes to the valuation methods during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Revenue Recognition from Collaboration Agreements

Revenue Recognition from Collaboration Agreements

Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 consisted of $5 and for the year ended December 31, 2024 consisted of $10. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized revenue through its Collaboration Agreement with Solasia Pharma K.K. primarily due to the achievement of milestones, as further described in Note 5, Commitments and Contingencies.

Research and Development Costs

Research and Development Costs

Research and development expenses are recognized as incurred. The Company is required to estimate accrued research and development expenses as of each balance sheet date based on the facts and circumstances known at that time. This process includes reviewing open contracts and purchase orders, communicating with internal personnel and third-party service providers, and estimating the amount of services performed and the related costs incurred for which invoices have not yet been received.

The Company’s research and development activities are primarily related to its preclinical obesity and metabolic disorders program, including the development of oral small molecules for obesity and other metabolic disorders. The Company also incurs limited costs related to its historical oncology focused cell therapy programs.

Estimated accrued research and development expenses primarily include amounts due to third-party vendors supporting preclinical development, manufacturing, regulatory, and other research and development activities. The Company records accruals based on its estimates of the services received and efforts expended under contractual arrangements. Certain agreements may involve milestone-based or uneven payment terms, and payments to vendors may, at times, exceed the level of services provided as of the reporting date, resulting in prepaid research and development assets.

Significant judgment is required in estimating accrued research and development expenses. Differences between the Company’s estimates and actual amounts incurred are recorded in the period in which such differences become known. Although the Company does not expect these estimates to be materially different from actual results, changes in the status or timing of services performed may result in reported amounts being higher or lower in any particular period.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” threshold for recognizing and resolving uncertain tax positions. The evaluation of uncertain tax positions is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in tax law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, new audit activity and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. The Company evaluates this tax position on an annual basis. The Company also accrues for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense (Refer to Note 11, Income Taxes).

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expense is based on the number of awards ultimately expected to vest and is reduced for forfeitures as they occur. Consistent with prior years, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires estimates of the expected term option holders will retain their options before exercising them and the estimated volatility of the Company’s common stock price over the expected term.

The Company recognized the full impact of its share-based employee payment plans in the statements of operations for each of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 and did not capitalize any such costs on the balance sheets. The Company recognized $0.4 million of compensation expense related to stock options for the year ended December 31, 2025 and $0.4 million of compensation expense related to stock options for the

year ended December 31, 2024. The total compensation expense relating to vesting of stock options and stock issued for board service fees and other services for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $0.8 million and $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The fair value of each stock option is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Assumptions regarding volatility, expected term, dividend yield and risk-free interest rate are required for the Black-Scholes model. The volatility assumption is based on the historical experience. The Company calculated expected term using the simplified method described in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin, or SAB, No. 107 and No. 110.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of amounts paid in advance for goods and services to be received in future periods. Such amounts are recorded at cost and amortized to expense over the period in which the related goods or services are received. The Company classifies prepaid amounts expected to be realized within twelve months as current assets and the remaining portion as non-current assets. The Company reviews prepaid balances for recoverability and records expense when it is determined that the future economic benefit is no longer probable. As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s prepaid balances included a multi-year insurance contract, of which $222 was classified in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $887 was classified in prepaid expenses and other non-current assets.

Net Loss per Share

Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding options and warrants, using the treasury stock method and the average market price of the Company’s common stock during the applicable period, unless their effect on net loss per share is antidilutive. The effect of computing diluted net loss per common share was antidilutive for any potentially issuable shares of common stock from the conversion of stock options, unvested restricted stock and warrants and, as such, have been excluded from the calculation.

Certain shares related to some of the Company’s outstanding common stock options and warrants have not been included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 as the result would be antidilutive. Such potential common shares on December 31, 2025 and 2024 consist of the following:

	December 31,
	2025		2024
Common stock options		222,485		33,237
Warrants		106,452		26,552
Series A-1 Preferred Stock		181,159		-
Series A-2 Preferred Stock		189,309		-
		699,405		59,789

The following table show the net loss attributable to common shareholders after including undeclared cumulative preferred dividend used to calculate the basic and diluted earnings per share, as shown on the statement of operations (See Note 6. Equity - Series A-1 and A-2 Preferred Stock Cumulative Dividends):

	For the years ended December 31,
	2025			2024
Net loss	$	(4,176	)	$	(4,679	)
Cumulative preferred dividends		(106	)		-
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(4,282	)	$	(4,679	)

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 enhances income tax disclosures, including disclosures related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 effective January 1, 2025 on a Prospective basis. The adoption of this guidance impacted the Company’s disclosures only and did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-02, Codification Improvements—Amendments to Remove References to the Concept Statements. The amendments in ASU 2024-02 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted ASU 2024-02 effective January 1, 2025. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements or related disclosures.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance. Because the amendments relate principally to interim reporting, the Company does not expect the standard to materially affect its annual financial statements, but adoption may affect the format and content of future interim disclosures.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-12, Codification Improvements. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance and does not currently expect adoption to have a material impact on its financial statements.