Financings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

February 2020 Public Offering

On February 5, 2020, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Jefferies, as representative of the several underwriters named therein, relating to the issuance and sale of 27,826,086 shares of its common stock. The price to the public in the offering was $3.25 per share, and the underwriters agreed to purchase the shares from the Company pursuant to the underwriting agreement at a purchase price of $3.055 per share. Under the terms of the underwriting agreement, the Company also granted the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days, to purchase up to an additional 4,173,912 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $3.055 per share. The offering was made pursuant to the Company’s effective registration statement on Form

S-3ASR

(File

No. 333-232283)

previously filed with the SEC, and a prospectus supplement thereunder. The underwriters purchased the 27,826,086 shares on February 5, 2020. The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $85.0 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses paid by the Company.

At-the-Market

Offering

Subsequent to

cember 31, 2019

, the Company sold an aggregate of 2,814,673 shares of its common stock. The offering was made pursuant to the Company’s effective registration statement on Form

S-3ASR

(

File

No. 333-232283) previously filed with the SEC, and a prospectus supplement thereunder. The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $13.0 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses payable by the Company.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company sold an aggregate of 1,271,274 shares of its common stock. The offering was made pursuant to the Company’s effective registration statement on Form

S-3ASR

(

File

No. 333-232283) previously filed with the SEC, and a prospectus supplement thereunder. The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $6.1 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses payable by the Company.

November 2018 Private Placement and 2019 Inducement Warrants

On November 11, 2018, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain institutional and accredited investors pursuant to which it sold an aggregate of 18,939,394 immediately separable units at a price per unit of $2.64 to such investors, for net proceeds of approximately $47.1 million. Each unit was comprised of (i) one share of

the

Company’s

common stock, par value $0.001 per share and (ii) a warrant to purchase one share of common stock. The securities issued by the Company pursuant to the securities purchase agreement and to be issued upon exercise of the warrants were not registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements. When issuing the units, the Company relied on the private placement exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and by Rule 506 of Registration D, promulgated thereunder and on similar exemptions under applicable state laws and filed a Form D with the SEC on November 19, 2018. On February 7, 2019, the Company filed a registration statement on Form

S-3

registering the resale of shares issued pursuant to the securities purchase agreement and the resale of shares that may be issued upon exercise of the warrants.

July 2019 and September 2019 Warrant Exercise

On July 26, 2019 and September 12, 2019, the Company entered into agreements for the exercise of the warrants issued in November 2018 to purchase common stock in a private placement. Pursuant to the terms of the agreements, investors exercised warrants for an aggregate of 17,803,031 shares of common stock, at an exercise price of $3.01 per share. The Company issued new warrants to purchase up to 17,803,031 additional shares of common stock as an inducement for warrant holders to exercise their 2018 warrants early. The new warrants will become exercisable six months following the date of issuance, will expire on the fifth anniversary of the initial exercise date, and have an exercise price of $7.00 (Note 14). Proceeds from the exercise of the warrants, before deducting placement agent fees and other related expenses of $1.1 million were approximately $52.5 million. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company also recorded $60.8 million in

non-cash

inducement warrant expense,

which is included in the Company’s statement of operations.

May 2017 Offering

On May 11, 2017, the Company sold in an underwritten offering an aggregate of 9,708,738 shares of its common stock to a single investor. The price to the investor in the offering was $5.15 per share, and the underwriters agreed to purchase the shares from the Company pursuant to the underwriting agreement at a purchase price of $4.893 per share. The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $47.3 million after deducting underwriting commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.