Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Accounting Policies (Policies)

Organization and Nature of Operations

Organization and Nature of Operations – China Pharma Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation as of December 31, 2012, owns 100% of Onny Investment Limited (Onny), a British Virgin Islands corporation, that in turn owns 100% of Hainan Helpson Medical & Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Helpson), a company organized under the laws of the People's Republic of China (the PRC). China Pharma Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries are referred to herein as the Company. 

On December 31, 2012, China Pharma Holdings, Inc consummated a reincorporation merger for the purpose of changing the state of incorporation from Delaware to Nevada pursuant to the terms and conditions of an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated December 27, 2012.  The reincorporation merger was approved by stockholders holding the majority of the outstanding common shares on December 21, 2012.

The Foreign Investment Industrial Catalogue (the “Catalogue”) jointly issued by the China’s Ministry of Commerce and the National Development and Reform Commission (as the latest version is the year 2012 version, effective January 30, 2012) classified various industries/businesses into three different categories: (i) encouraged for foreign investment; (ii) restricted to foreign investment; and (iii) prohibited from foreign investment. For any industry/business not covered by any of these three categories, they will be deemed industries/businesses permitted for foreign investment. A typical foreign investment ownership restriction in the pharmaceutical industry is that a foreign investment enterprise (the “FIE”) shall not have the whole or majority of its equity interests owned by a foreign owner if the FIE establishes more than 30 branch stores and distributes a variety of brands in those franchise stores, which is not the case of the Company’s business.

Helpson manufactures and markets generic and branded pharmaceutical products as well as biochemical products primarily to hospitals and private retailers located throughout the PRC. The Company believes Helpson’s business is not subject to any ownership restrictions prescribed under the Catalogue. Onny acquired 100% of the ownership in Helpson from Helpson’s three former shareholders on May 25, 2005 by entry into an Equity Transfer Agreement with such three parties on May 25, 2005. The transaction was approved by the Commercial Bureau of Hainan Province on June 12, 2005 and Helpson received the Certificate of Approval for Establishing of Enterprises with Foreign Investment in the PRC on the same day and its business license evidencing its WFOE (Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise) status on June 21, 2005.

The Company has and continues to acquire well-accepted medical formulas to a diverse portfolio of Western and Chinese medicines.

Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

Consolidation and Basis of Presentation – The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and are expressed in United States dollars. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Helpson’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi. Helpson’s revenue and expenses are translated into United States dollars at the average exchange rate for the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate as of the end of the reporting period. Gains or losses from translating Helpson’s financial statements are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is a component of stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity that is party to the transaction are included in the results of operations.

Reclassification

Reclassification - The Company has made certain reclassifications to the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2011 to conform to the December 31, 2012 presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the consolidated statements of operations or cash flows for any periods presented.

Accounting Estimates

Accounting Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the management of the Company (“Management”) to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents Policy

Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents include interest bearing and non-interest bearing bank deposits, money market accounts, and short-term banker’s acceptances purchased with maturities of three months or less.

Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts – Trade accounts receivables are carried at original invoiced amounts less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowances for doubtful accounts are calculated based on a detailed review of certain individual customer accounts and an estimation of the overall economic conditions affecting the Company's customer base. The Company reviews a customer's credit history before extending credit. If the financial condition of its customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additions to the allowance would be required. A provision is made against accounts receivable to the extent they are considered unlikely to be collected. It is common practice in the PRC for receivables to extend beyond one year. Customer balances outstanding for more than one year are allowed for at a greater rate when calculating the allowance for doubtful accounts. At December 31, 2012, trade accounts receivables included $30,134,909 from sales that occurred more than one year prior to December 31, 2012, that Management believes are collectable.

Advances to Suppliers and Advances from Customers

Advances to Suppliers and Advances from Customers – Common practice in the PRC is to make advances to suppliers for materials and to receive advances from customers for finished products. Advances to suppliers are applied to trade accounts payable when the materials are received. Advances received from customers are applied against trade accounts receivable when finished products are sold.

Inventory.Policy

Inventory – Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, computed on an average cost basis. An allowance for inventory obsolescence is provided when the market value of inventory items is lower than its cost.  The Company recognized an inventory obsolescence reserve of $1,769,984 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets – The carrying values of long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable. When such an event occurs, the Company projects the undiscounted cash flows to be generated from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition over the remaining life of the asset. If projections indicate that the carrying value of an asset will not be recovered, it is reduced by the estimated excess of the carrying value over the projected discounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset. The Company evaluated its long-lived assets at December 31, 2012 and determined that the value of certain of its intangible assets were impaired and recognized an impairment loss of $593,095 for the year ended December 31, 2012. No impairment was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2011.  See Note 4.

Property and Equipment Policy

Property and Equipment – Property and equipment are stated at cost. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred and major improvements are capitalized. Gains or losses on sale, trade-in or retirement are included in operations during the period of disposition.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition – Revenue is considered earned when the Company has persuasive evidence of an arrangement with the customer, delivery of the products has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Delivery does not occur until products have been shipped to the customer, risk of loss has transferred to the customer and customer acceptance has been obtained, customer acceptance provisions have lapsed, or the Company has objective evidence that the criteria specified in the customer acceptance provisions have been satisfied. The sales price is not considered to be fixed or determinable until all contingencies related to the sale have been resolved.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of Revenues – Cost of revenues includes wages, materials, handling charges, and other expenses associated with the manufacture and delivery of products.

Research and Development.

Research and Development – Research and development expenditures are recorded as expenses in the period in which they occur. Research and development costs were not material during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. 

Retirement Benefit Plans

Retirement Benefit Plans – The Company is required to make monthly contributions at prescribed rates to various employee retirement benefit plans organized by provincial governments. The governments benefit plans assume the retirement benefit obligations of all existing and future retired employees of the Company. The Company contributed $233,846 and $166,071 to retirement benefit plans for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Contributions to these plans are charged to expense as incurred.

Advertising Costs

Advertising Costs – Advertising costs are expensed when incurred. The Company did not incur any advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share - Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share are calculated to give effect to potentially issuable dilutive common shares.

	For the Years Ended
	December 31,
	2012	2011
Net income	$ 4,617,659	$ 19,269,642
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding	43,579,557	43,479,899
Effect of dilutive securities:
Warrants	-
Options	-
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding	43,579,557	43,479,899
Basic earnings per share	$          0.11	$            0.44
Diluted earnings per share	$          0.11	$            0.44

Potential common shares were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive as follows:

	For the Years Ended
	December 31,
	2012	2011
Warrants with exercise prices of $3.00 to $3.80 per share	150,000	150,000
Options with an exercise price of $2.54 to $3.47 per share	50,000	310,000
Total	200,000	460,000

Credit Risk

Credit Risk – The carrying amounts of accounts receivable included in the balance sheet represent the Company's exposure to credit risk in relation to its financial assets. No other financial assets carry a significant exposure to credit risk. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of each customer's financial condition. It maintains allowances for doubtful accounts and such allowances in the aggregate have not exceeded Management's estimations.

The Company has its cash in bank deposits primarily at state owned banks located in the PRC. Historically, deposits in PRC banks have been secure due to the state policy on protecting depositors’ interests. The PRC promulgated a new Bankruptcy Law in August 2006, effective June 1, 2007, which contains provisions for the implementation of measures for the bankruptcy of PRC banks. In the event that bankruptcy laws are enacted for banks in the PRC, the Company’s deposits may be at a higher risk of loss.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest Rate Risk – The Company is exposed to the risk arising from changing interest rates, which may affect the ability of repayment of existing debts and viability of securing future debt instruments within the PRC.

Recently Announced Accounting Standards

Recently Announced Accounting Standards – The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income, which revises the manner in which comprehensive income is presented in an entity’s financial statements. This update requires the presentation of the components of comprehensive income in either a continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive financial statements. The option to present comprehensive income in the statement of stockholders’ equity has been eliminated. The provisions of this update were effective as of January 1, 2012, and the Company has included a continuous consolidated statement of comprehensive income as part of these consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement – Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS, provides converged guidance on how to measure fair value, which is largely consistent with existing U.S. GAAP. This update also requires additional fair value measurement disclosures. The provisions of this update were effective as of January 1, 2012. The effects of adoption were not significant to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2012-02, Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment, permits, but does not require, an entity to conduct an initial qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that a non-goodwill indefinite-lived asset is impaired as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test currently required (i.e., comparing the asset's fair value with its carrying amount). This new standard was adopted by the Company on September 30, 2012 and had no significant effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, requires disclosures about assets and liabilities that are offset or have the potential to be offset. This new guidance will be effective for reporting periods beginning January 1, 2013, with retrospective application required. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.