Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2016

NOTE 5 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Financial instruments recorded in the balance sheet include cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, marketable securities, notes and accounts payable, and debt.

An allowance for anticipated uncollectible trade receivable amounts is established using a combination of specifically identified accounts to be reserved, and a reserve covering trends in collectibility. These estimates are based on an analysis of trends in collectibility and past experience, but are primarily made up of individual account balances identified as doubtful based on specific facts and conditions. Receivable losses are charged against the allowance when we confirm uncollectibility.

The valuation techniques utilized for establishing the fair values of assets and liabilities are based on observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect management’s market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value, as follows:

Level 1 Inputs — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 Inputs — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 Inputs — Instruments with primarily unobservable value drivers.

The following tables present our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy.

(In thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Fair Value at November 30, 2016
U.S. Treasury and other government	$	-	$	22,016		$	-		$	22,016
Corporate bonds				870						870
Stocks - foreign		5,605								5,605
Stocks - domestic		31,811								31,811
Cash and cash equivalents		1,328								1,328
Mutual funds - foreign				32,135						32,135
Mutual funds - domestic				61,027						61,027
Foreign currency forward contract				(100	)					(100	)
Contingent consideration							(7,640	)		(7,640	)
Total	$	38,744	$	115,948		$	(7,640	)	$	147,052

(In thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Fair Value at May 31, 2016
U.S. Treasury and other government	$	-	$	21,838		$	-		$	21,838
Corporate bonds				1,024						1,024
Stocks - foreign		5,243								5,243
Stocks - domestic		30,637								30,637
Mutual funds - foreign				32,348						32,348
Mutual funds - domestic				55,866						55,866
Foreign currency forward contract				(159	)					(159	)
Contingent consideration							(11,771	)		(11,771	)
Total	$	35,880	$	110,917		$	(11,771	)	$	135,026

Our marketable securities are primarily composed of available-for-sale securities, and are valued using a market approach. The availability of inputs observable in the market varies from instrument to instrument and depends on a variety of factors including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is actively traded, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. For most of our financial instruments, pricing inputs are readily observable in the market, the valuation methodology used is widely accepted by market participants, and the valuation does not require significant management discretion. For other financial instruments, pricing inputs are less observable in the market and may require management judgment.

At November 30, 2016, we had a foreign currency forward contract with a fair value of approximately $0.1 million, which is classified in other current liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. At May 31, 2016, we had a foreign currency forward contract with a fair value of approximately $0.2 million, which is classified in other accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our foreign currency forward contract, which has not been designated as a hedge, was designed to reduce our exposure to the changes in the cash flows of intercompany foreign-currency-denominated loans related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates by fixing the functional currency cash flows. The foreign exchange rates included in the forward contract are based upon observable market data, but are not quoted market prices, and therefore, the forward currency forward contract is considered a Level 2 liability on the fair value hierarchy.

The contingent consideration represents the estimated fair value of the additional variable cash consideration payable in connection with recent acquisitions that is contingent upon the achievement of certain performance milestones. We estimated the fair value using expected future cash flows over the period in which the obligation is expected to be settled, and applied a discount rate that appropriately captures a market participant's view of the risk associated with the obligation, which are considered to be Level 3 inputs. During fiscal 2017, we paid approximately $4.1 million for settlements of contingent consideration obligations relating to certain performance milestones that were established in prior periods and achieved during the current period, and these amounts are reported in payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration in cash flows from financing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

The carrying value of our current financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these financial instruments. At November 30, 2016 and May 31, 2016, the fair value of our long-term debt was estimated using active market quotes, based on our current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, which are considered to be Level 2 inputs. Based on the analysis performed, the fair value and the carrying value of our financial instruments and long-term debt as of November 30, 2016 and May 31, 2016 are as follows:

	At November 30, 2016
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	205,907	$	205,907
Marketable equity securities		130,578		130,578
Marketable debt securities		22,886		22,886
Long-term debt, including current portion		1,638,847		1,904,270

	At May 31, 2016
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	265,152	$	265,152
Marketable equity securities		124,094		124,094
Marketable debt securities		22,862		22,862
Long-term debt, including current portion		1,639,973		1,925,079

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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