NOTE 5 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Financial instruments recorded in the balance sheet include cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, marketable securities, notes and accounts payable, and debt.

An allowance for anticipated uncollectible trade receivable amounts is established using a combination of specifically identified accounts to be reserved, and a reserve covering trends in collectibility. These estimates are based on an analysis of trends in collectibility and past experience, but are primarily made up of individual account balances identified as doubtful based on specific facts and conditions. Receivable losses are charged against the allowance when we confirm uncollectibility.

All derivative instruments are recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at fair value. Changes in the fair values of derivative instruments that do not qualify as hedges and/or any ineffective portion of hedges are recognized as a gain or (loss) in our Consolidated Statements of Income in the current period. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used effectively as cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), along with the change in the value of the hedged item. We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

The valuation techniques utilized for establishing the fair values of assets and liabilities are based on observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect management’s market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value, as follows:

Level 1 Inputs — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 Inputs — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 Inputs — Instruments with primarily unobservable value drivers.

The following tables present our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy.


(In thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Fair Value at August 31, 2015
U.S. Treasury and other government	$	—	$	21,119		$	—		$	21,119
Foreign bonds				38						38
Mortgage-backed securities				96						96
Corporate bonds				1,353						1,353
Stocks — foreign		3,979								3,979
Stocks — domestic		33,218								33,218
Mutual funds — foreign				30,938						30,938
Mutual funds — domestic				51,222						51,222
Foreign currency forward contract				(5,226	)					(5,226	)
Contingent consideration							(26,013	)		(26,013	)

Total	$	37,197	$	99,540		$	(26,013	)	$	110,724


(In thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Fair Value at May 31, 2015
U.S. Treasury and other government	$	—	$	21,349		$	—		$	21,349
Foreign bonds				38						38
Mortgage-backed securities				128						128
Corporate bonds				1,389						1,389
Stocks — foreign		3,976								3,976
Stocks — domestic		39,458								39,458
Mutual funds — foreign				34,541						34,541
Mutual funds — domestic				53,891						53,891
Foreign currency forward contract				(6,369	)					(6,369	)
Contingent consideration							(27,598	)		(27,598	)

Total	$	43,434	$	104,967		$	(27,598	)	$	120,803

Our marketable securities are primarily composed of available-for-sale securities, and are valued using a market approach. The availability of inputs observable in the market varies from instrument to instrument and depends on a variety of factors including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is actively traded, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. For most of our financial instruments, pricing inputs are readily observable in the market, the valuation methodology used is widely accepted by market participants, and the valuation does not require significant management discretion. For other financial instruments, pricing inputs are less observable in the market and may require management judgment.

At August 31, 2015, we had a foreign currency forward contract with a fair value of approximately $5.2 million, which is classified in other accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. At May 31, 2015, we had a foreign currency forward contract with a fair value of approximately $6.4 million, which is classified in other accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our foreign currency forward contract, which has not been designated as a hedge, was designed to reduce our exposure to the changes in the cash flows of intercompany foreign-currency-denominated loans related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates by fixing the functional currency cash flows. The foreign exchange rates included in the forward contract are based upon observable market data, but are not quoted market prices, and therefore, the forward currency forward contract is considered a Level 2 liability on the fair value hierarchy.

The contingent consideration represents the estimated fair value of the additional variable cash consideration payable in connection with recent acquisitions that is contingent upon the achievement of certain performance milestones. We estimated the fair value using expected future cash flows over the period in which the obligation is expected to be settled, and applied a discount rate that appropriately captures a market participant’s view of the risk associated with the obligation, which are considered to be Level 3 inputs. During the first quarter of fiscal 2016, we paid approximately $1.6 million for settlements of contingent consideration obligations relating to certain performance milestones that were established in prior periods and achieved during the current period. These amounts are reported in payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

The carrying value of our current financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these financial instruments. At August 31, 2015 and May 31, 2015, the fair value of our long-term debt was estimated using active market quotes, based on our current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, which are considered to be Level 2 inputs. Based on the analysis performed, the fair value and the carrying value of our financial instruments and long-term debt as of August 31, 2015 and May 31, 2015 are as follows:


	At August 31, 2015
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	169,458	$	169,458
Marketable equity securities		119,357		119,357
Marketable debt securities		22,606		22,606
Long-term debt, including current portion		1,732,191		1,827,275


	At May 31, 2015
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	174,711	$	174,711
Marketable equity securities		131,866		131,866
Marketable debt securities		22,904		22,904
Long-term debt, including current portion		1,656,075		1,783,962