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INCOME TAXES
3 Months Ended
Aug. 31, 2012
INCOME TAXES

NOTE 12 — INCOME TAXES

The effective income tax rate was 49.5% for the three months ended August 31, 2012 compared to an effective income tax rate of 29.8% for the three months ended August 31, 2011.

For the three months ended August 31, 2012 and, to a lesser extent for three months ended August 31, 2011, the effective tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate principally due to lower effective tax rates of certain of our foreign subsidiaries, including a reduction in the United Kingdom income tax rate, and lower valuation allowances on foreign tax credit carryforwards. Furthermore, for the three months ended August 31, 2011 decreases in the effective income tax rate resulted from net adjustments to reserves for contingencies, including interest thereon. These decreases in taxes were partially offset by increases in tax as a result of the impact of non-deductible business operating expenses, state and local income taxes, and the impact on our effective tax rate in certain foreign jurisdictions where income tax benefits are offset by adjustments to valuation allowances associated with losses incurred by those foreign businesses. Additionally for the three months ended August 31, 2012, the effective tax rate increased as a result of valuation allowances related to losses associated with our investments in Kemrock.

As of August 31, 2012, we had unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $3.3 million, of which approximately $2.4 million would impact the effective tax rate, if recognized. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. At August 31, 2012 the accrual for interest and penalties was $1.5 million. Unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, have been classified as other long-term liabilities unless expected to be paid in one year. We do not anticipate any significant changes to the total unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

We, or our subsidiaries, file income tax returns in the U.S. and in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. As of August 31, 2012 we are subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for the fiscal years 2009 through 2012. In addition, with limited exceptions, we, or our subsidiaries, are generally subject to state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for the fiscal years 2005 through 2012.

We are currently under examination, or have been notified of an upcoming tax examination for various Non-U.S. and U.S. jurisdictions including an ongoing Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) examination of the company’s U.S. income tax returns for the fiscal 2009 and 2010 tax years. Although it is possible that certain tax examinations, including the IRS examination of fiscal years 2009 and 2010, could be resolved during the next 12 months, the timing and outcomes are uncertain.

As of August 31, 2012, we have determined, based on the available evidence, that it is uncertain whether we will be able to recognize certain deferred tax assets. Therefore, we intend to maintain the tax valuation allowances recorded at August 31, 2012 for those deferred tax assets until sufficient positive evidence (for example, cumulative positive foreign earnings or additional foreign source income) exists to support their reversal. These valuation allowances relate to U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards, U.S. capital loss carryforwards, certain foreign net operating losses and net foreign deferred tax assets. A portion of the valuation allowance is associated with deferred tax assets recorded in purchase accounting for prior year acquisitions.