We offer defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution pension plans, and various postretirement benefit plans. The following tables provide the retirement-related benefit plans’ impact on income before income taxes for the three- and nine-month periods ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024:


	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	February 28,			February 29,			February 28,			February 29,
Pension Benefits	2025			2024			2025			2024
Service cost	$	10,804		$	10,913		$	1,120		$	887
Interest cost		9,795			8,992			1,963			1,935
Expected return on plan assets		(12,017	)		(10,518	)		(2,376	)		(2,400	)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost (credit)		1			1			(32	)		(31	)
Net actuarial losses recognized		2,153			4,205			294			209
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	10,736		$	13,593		$	969		$	600


	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	February 28,			February 29,			February 28,			February 29,
Postretirement Benefits	2025			2024			2025			2024
Service cost	$	-		$	-		$	425		$	569
Interest cost		21			22			318			390
Amortization of:
Net actuarial (gains) recognized		(6	)		(4	)		(140	)		(12	)
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	15		$	18		$	603		$	947


	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	February 28,			February 29,			February 28,			February 29,
Pension Benefits	2025			2024			2025			2024

Service cost	$	32,412		$	32,739		$	3,360		$	2,661
Interest cost		29,385			26,976			5,889			5,805
Expected return on plan assets		(36,051	)		(31,554	)		(7,128	)		(7,200	)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost (credit)		1			3			(96	)		(93	)
Net actuarial losses recognized		6,459			12,615			882			627
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	32,206		$	40,779		$	2,907		$	1,800


	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	February 28,			February 29,			February 28,			February 29,
Postretirement Benefits	2025			2024			2025			2024

Service cost	$	-		$	-		$	1,275		$	1,707
Interest cost		63			66			954			1,170
Amortization of:
Net actuarial (gains) recognized		(18	)		(12	)		(420	)		(36	)
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	45		$	54		$	1,809		$	2,841

Net periodic pension cost for fiscal 2025 is less than our fiscal 2024 cost due to an increase in expected return on plan assets and a reduction in the amortization of the net actuarial loss to be recognized. We expect that pension expense will fluctuate on a year-to-year basis, depending upon the investment performance of plan assets and potential changes in interest rates, and these fluctuations may have a material impact on our consolidated financial results in the future. We previously disclosed in our financial statements for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2024 that we are required and expect to contribute approximately $5.9 million to plans outside the U.S. during the current fiscal year and we will evaluate whether to make additional contributions to plans in the U.S. and outside the U.S. throughout fiscal 2025. As a result of our evaluation, we contributed $45.5 million to the main pension plan in the U.S. during the current quarter, which will increase our total expected U.S. contributions to $45.5 million during fiscal year 2025.