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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

May 31, 2023

NOTE E — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Financial instruments recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets include cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, marketable securities, notes and accounts payable, and debt.

An allowance for credit losses is established for trade accounts receivable using assessments of current creditworthiness of customers, historical collection experience, the aging of receivables and other currently available evidence. Trade accounts receivable balances are written-off against the allowance if a final determination of uncollectibility is made. All provisions for allowance for doubtful collection of accounts are included in SG&A.

All derivative instruments were recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at fair value. Changes in the fair values of derivative instruments that did not qualify as hedges and/or any ineffective portion of hedges were recognized as a gain or (loss) in our Consolidated Statements of Income in the current period. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used effectively as cash flow hedges were recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), along with the change in the value of the hedged item. We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

The valuation techniques utilized for establishing the fair values of assets and liabilities are based on observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect management’s market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value, as follows:

Level 1 Inputs — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 Inputs — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 Inputs — Instruments with primarily unobservable value drivers.

The following tables present our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy. In addition, with respect to our derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value, refer to Note F, "Derivatives and Hedging," to the Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of their classification within the fair value hierarchy.


(In thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Fair Value at May 31, 2023
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury and other government	$	-	$	27,021	$	-		$	27,021
Corporate bonds		-		141		-			141
Total available-for-sale debt securities		-		27,162		-			27,162
Marketable equity securities:
Stocks-foreign		786		-		-			786
Stocks-domestic		5,009		-		-			5,009
Mutual funds - foreign		-		40,074		-			40,074
Mutual funds - domestic		-		75,284		-			75,284
Total marketable equity securities		5,795		115,358		-			121,153
Contingent consideration		-		-		(2,686	)		(2,686	)
Total	$	5,795	$	142,520	$	(2,686	)	$	145,629


(In thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Fair Value at May 31, 2022
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury and other government	$	-	$	25,239	$	-		$	25,239
Corporate bonds		-		155		-			155
Total available-for-sale debt securities		-		25,394		-			25,394
Marketable equity securities:
Stocks-foreign		598		-		-			598
Stocks-domestic		5,085		-		-			5,085
Mutual funds - foreign		-		39,139		-			39,139
Mutual funds - domestic		-		74,227		-			74,227
Total marketable equity securities		5,683		113,366		-			119,049
Contingent consideration		-		-		(10,529	)		(10,529	)
Total	$	5,683	$	138,760	$	(10,529	)	$	133,914

Our investments in available-for-sale debt securities and marketable equity securities are valued using a market approach. The availability of inputs observable in the market varies from instrument to instrument and depends on a variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is actively traded and other characteristics particular to the transaction. For most of our financial instruments, pricing inputs are readily observable in the market, the valuation methodology used is widely accepted by market participants, and the valuation does not require significant management discretion. For other financial instruments, pricing inputs are less observable in the market and may require management judgment.

The contingent consideration represents the estimated fair value of the additional variable cash consideration payable in connection with recent acquisitions that is contingent upon the achievement of certain performance milestones. We estimated the fair value using expected future cash flows over the period in which the obligation is expected to be settled which is considered to be a Level 3 input. During fiscal 2023, we increased our accrual by $2.6 million related to a current year acquisition and paid approximately $10.4 million for settlements of contingent consideration obligations relating to certain performance milestones that were established in prior periods and achieved during the current year. During fiscal 2022, we increased our accrual by $3.3 million related to fair value adjustments and paid approximately $5.8 million for settlements of contingent consideration obligations relating to certain performance milestones that were established in prior periods and achieved during fiscal 2022. In the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration for the amount recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date are reported in cash flows from financing activities, while payment of contingent consideration in excess of fair value as of the acquisition date, are reported in cash flows from operating activities within accrued liabilities.

The carrying value of our current financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt, approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these financial instruments. At May 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of our long-term debt was estimated using active market quotes, based on our current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, which are Level 2 inputs. Based on the analysis performed, the fair value and the carrying value of our financial instruments and long-term debt as of May 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:


	At May 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	215,787	$	215,787
Long-term debt, including current portion		2,683,809		2,490,863

	At May 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	201,672	$	201,672
Long-term debt, including current portion		2,686,609		2,618,978

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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