Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Operations

Support.com, Inc. (“Support.com”, “the Company”, “We” or “Our”), was incorporated in the state of Delaware on December 3, 1997.  Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SPRT.”

Support.com is a leading provider of tech support and turnkey support center services, producer of SUPERAntiSpyware® anti-malware products, and the maker of Support.com® software. Our technology support services programs help leading brands create new revenue streams and deepen customer relationships. We offer turnkey, outsourced support services for service providers, retailers and technology companies. Our technology support services programs are designed for both the consumer and small and medium business (“SMB”) markets, and include computer and mobile device set-up, security and support, virus and malware removal, wireless network set-up, and home security and automation system support. Our Support.com Cloud offering is a SaaS solution for companies to optimize support interactions with their customers using their own- or third-party support personnel. The solution enables companies to quickly resolve complex technology issues for their customers, boosting agent productivity and dramatically improving the customer experience.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Support.com and its wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is generally the local currency. Assets and liabilities of our wholly owned foreign subsidiaries are translated from their respective functional currencies at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Any material resulting translation adjustments are reflected as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Realized foreign currency transaction gains (losses) were not material during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The accounting estimates that require management’s most significant, difficult and subjective judgments include accounting for revenue recognition, assumptions used to estimate self-insurance and litigation accruals, the valuation of investments, the assessment of recoverability of intangible assets and their estimated useful lives, the valuations and recognition of stock-based compensation and the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, investments and trade accounts receivable. Periodically throughout the year, the Company has maintained balances in various operating accounts in excess of federally insured limits. Our investment portfolio consists of investment grade securities. Except for obligations of the United States government and securities issued by agencies of the United States government, we diversify our investments by limiting our holdings with any individual issuer. We are exposed to credit risks in the event of default by the issuers to the extent of the amount recorded on the balance sheet. The credit risk in our trade accounts receivable is substantially mitigated by our evaluation of the customers’ financial conditions at the time we enter into business and reasonably short payment terms.

Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount. We perform evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and generally do not require collateral. We make judgments as to our ability to collect outstanding receivables and provide allowances for a portion of receivables when collection becomes doubtful.  Our allowances are made based on a specific review of all significant outstanding invoices. For those invoices not specifically provided for, allowances are recorded at differing rates, based on the age of the receivable. In determining these rates, we analyze our historical collection experience and current payment trends. The determination of past-due accounts is based on contractual terms.

The following table summarizes the allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

	Balance at Beginning of Period		Adjustments to Costs and Expenses		Write- offs			Balance at End of Period
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
Year ended December 31, 2017	$	19	$	34	$	(44	)	$	9
Year ended December 31, 2018	$	9	$	24	$	(20	)	$	13

As of December 31, 2018, Comcast and Cox Communications accounted for approximately 71% and 20% of our total accounts receivable, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, Comcast and Cox Communications accounted for approximately 71% and 12% of our total accounts receivable, respectively. No other customers accounted for 10% or more of our total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

All liquid instruments with an original maturity at the date of purchase of 90 days or less are classified as cash equivalents. Cash equivalents and short-term investments consist primarily of money market funds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate and municipal bonds. Our interest income on cash, cash equivalents and investments is recorded monthly and reported as interest income and other in our consolidated statements of operations.

Our cash equivalents and short-term investments are classified as investment, and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains/losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets and in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. We view this investment portfolio as available for use in our current operations, and therefore we present our marketable securities as short-term assets.

We monitor our investments for impairment on a quarterly basis and determine whether a decline in fair value is other-than-temporary by considering factors such as current economic and market conditions, the credit rating of the security’s issuer, the length of time an investment’s fair value has been below our carrying value, the Company’s intent to sell the security and the Company’s belief that it will not be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost. If an investment’s decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, we reduce its carrying value to its estimated fair value, as determined based on quoted market prices or liquidation values. Declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary, if any, are recorded in operations as incurred. At December 31, 2018, the Company evaluated its unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities and determined them to be temporary. We currently do not intend to sell securities with unrealized losses, and we concluded that we will not be required to sell these securities before the recovery of their amortized cost basis.

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the estimated fair value of cash, cash equivalents and investments was $49.6 million and $49.2 million, respectively.  The following is a summary of cash, cash equivalents and investments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Cash	$	8,391	$	—	$	—		$	8,391
Money market fund		14,295		—		—			14,295
Certificates of deposit		1,171		—		(1	)		1,170
Commercial paper		3,986		—		(1	)		3,985
Corporate notes and bonds		14,899		—		(66	)		14,833
U.S. government agency securities		6,976		—		(1	)		6,975
	$	49,718	$	—	$	(69	)	$	49,649
Classified as:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	25,182	$	—	$	—		$	25,182
Short-term investments		24,536		—		(69	)		24,467
	$	49,718	$	—	$	(69	)	$	49,649

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Cash	$	7,408	$	—	$	—		$	7,408
Money market fund		10,643	$	—		(1	)		10,642
Certificates of deposit		1,207		—		(2	)		1,205
Commercial paper		2,494		—		(1	)		2,493
Corporate notes and bonds		22,846		—		(76	)		22,770
U.S. government agency securities		4,719		—		(4	)		4,715
	$	49,317	$	—	$	(84	)	$	49,233
Classified as:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	18,051	$	—	$	(1	)	$	18,050
Short-term investments		31,266		—		(83	)		31,183
	$	49,317	$	—	$	(84	)	$	49,233

The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of our available-for-sale securities classified by the stated maturity date of the security (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2018		2017
Due within one year	$	20,874	$	22,228
Due within two years		3,593		8,955
	$	24,467	$	31,183

We determined that the gross unrealized losses on our available-for-sale investments as of December 31, 2018 are temporary in nature. The fair value of our available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2018 and 2017 reflects a net unrealized loss of $68,000 and $84,000, respectively.  There were no net realized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.  The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.

The following table sets forth the unrealized losses for the Company’s available-for-sale investments as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2018	In Loss Position Less Than 12 Months					In Loss Position More Than 12 Months				Total in Loss Position
Description	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Certificates of deposit	$	720	$	(1	)	$	—	$	—	$	719	$	(1	)
Corporate notes and bonds		18,883		(67	)		—		—		18,816		(67	)
U.S. government agency securities		6,976		(1	)		—		—		6,975		(1	)
Total	$	26,579	$	(69	)	$	—	$	—	$	26,510	$	(69	)

As of December 31, 2017	In Loss Position Less Than 12 Months					In Loss Position More Than 12 Months					Total in Loss Position
Description	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fail Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Certificates of deposit	$	718	$	(2	)	$	—	$	—		$	718	$	(2	)
Corporate notes and bonds		16,530		(32	)		6,947		(47	)		23,477		(79	)
U.S. government agency securities		3,720		(3	)		998		—			4,718		(3	)
Total	$	20,968	$	(37	)	$	7,945	$	(47	)	$	28,913	$	(84	)

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization which is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of two to five years for computer equipment and software, three years for furniture and fixtures, and the shorter of the estimated useful lives or the lease term for leasehold improvements. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as they are incurred.

Long-Lived Assets

We record purchased identifiable intangible assets at fair value as part of a business combination.  Useful life is estimated as the period over which the identifiable intangible assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of the Company.  As we do not believe that we can reliably determine a pattern by which the economic benefits of these identifiable intangible assets will be consumed, management adopted straight-line amortization. The original cost is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of each identifiable intangible asset.

The Company assesses its long-lived assets, which includes property and equipment and identifiable intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the sum of the future net cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than its carrying amount. If our estimates regarding future cash flows derived from such assets were to change, we may record an impairment charge to the value of these assets.  Such impairment loss would be measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset and its fair value.

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606"). As a result, the Company has changed its accounting policy for revenue recognition and applied ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. Typically, this approach would result in recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying ASC 606 as an adjustment to the opening retained earnings at January 1, 2018, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company's historic revenue recognition methodology under ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. Based on our assessment of the guidance in ASC 606, the Company did not have a material change in financial position, results of operations, or cash flows and therefore there is no cumulative impact recorded to opening retained earnings. However, we have included additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures about our revenues as is required under the new revenue standard.

Disaggregation of Revenue

We generate revenue from the sale of services and sale of software fees for end-user software products provided through direct customer downloads and through the sale of these end-user software products via partners. The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue (in thousands) according to revenue type and is consistent with how we evaluate our financial performance:

Revenue from Contracts with Customers:

	Twelve months ended December 31,
	2018		2017
Services	$	64,476	$	54,670
Software and other		5,073		5,451
Total revenue	$	69,549	$	60,121

Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

● identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

● identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

● determination of the transaction price;

● allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

● recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.

Services Revenue

Services revenue is comprised primarily of fees for technology support services. Our service programs are designed for both the consumer and SMB markets, and include computer and mobile device set-up, security and support, virus and malware removal and wireless network set-up, and automation system onboarding and support.

We offer technology services to consumers and SMBs, primarily through our partners (which include communications providers, retailers, technology companies and others) and to a lesser degree directly through our website at www.support.com. We transact with customers via reseller programs, referral programs and direct transactions. In reseller programs, the partner generally executes the financial transactions with the customer and pays a fee to us which we recognize as revenue when the service is delivered. In referral programs, we transact with the customer directly and pay a referral fee to the referring party. Referral fees are generally expensed in the period in which revenues are recognized.  In such referral programs, since we are the primary obligor and bear substantially all risks associated with the transaction, we record the gross amount of revenue. In direct transactions, we sell directly to the customer at the retail price.

The technology services described above include four types of offerings:

●  Hourly-Based Services - In connection with the provisions of certain services programs, fees are calculated based on contracted hourly rates with partners. For these programs, we recognize revenue as services are performed, based on billable hours of work delivered by our technology specialists. These services programs also include performance standards, which may result in incentives or penalties, which are recognized as earned or incurred.

●  Subscriptions - Customers purchase subscriptions or “service plans” under which certain services are provided over a fixed subscription period. Revenues for subscriptions are recognized ratably over the respective subscription periods.

●  Incident-Based Services - Customers purchase a discrete, one-time service. Revenue recognition occurs at the time of service delivery. Fees paid for services sold but not yet delivered are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized at the time of service delivery.

In certain cases, we are paid for services that are sold but not yet delivered. We initially record such balances as deferred revenue, and recognize revenue when the service has been provided or, on the non-subscription portion of these balances, when the likelihood of the service being redeemed by the customer is remote (“services breakage”). Based on our historical redemption patterns for these relationships, we believe that the likelihood of a service being delivered more than 90 days after sale is remote.  We therefore recognize non-subscription deferred revenue balances older than 90 days as services revenue. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, services breakage revenue accounted for less than 1% of total services revenue.

The following table represent deferred revenue activity for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

Partners are generally invoiced monthly. Fees from customers via referral programs and direct transactions are generally paid with a credit card at the time of sale. Revenue is recognized net of any applicable sales tax.

We generally provide a refund period on services, during which refunds may be granted to customers under certain circumstances, including inability to resolve certain support issues. For our partnerships, the refund period varies by partner, but is generally between 5 and 14 days. For referral programs and direct transactions, the refund period is generally 5 days. For all channels, we recognize revenue net of refunds and cancellations during the period. Refunds and cancellations have not been material.

Services revenue also includes fees from licensing of our Support.com cloud-based software.  In such arrangements, customers receive a right to use our Support.com Cloud in their own technology support organizations. We license our cloud-based software using a SaaS model under which customers cannot take possession of the technology and pay us on a per-user basis during the term of the arrangement. In addition, services revenue includes fees from implementation services of our cloud-based software.  Currently, revenues from implementation services are recognized ratably over the customer life which is estimated as the term of the arrangement once the Support.com Cloud services are made available to customers. We generally charge for these services on a time and material basis. As of December 31, 2018, revenues from implementation services are di minimus.

 Software and Other Revenue

Software and other revenue is comprised primarily of fees for end-user software products provided through direct customer downloads and through the sale of these end-user software products via partners. Our software is sold to customers as a perpetual license or as a fixed period subscription. We offer when-and-if-available software upgrades to our end-user products. Management has determined that these upgrades are not distinct, as the upgrades are an input into a combined output. In addition, Management has determined that the frequency and timing of the when-and-if-available upgrades are unpredictable and therefore we recognize revenue consistent with the sale of the perpetual license or subscription. We generally control fulfillment, pricing, product requirements, and collection risk and therefore we record the gross amount of revenue. We provide a 30-day money back guarantee for the majority of our end-user software products.

For certain end-user software products, we sell perpetual licenses.  We provide a limited amount of free technical support to customers. Since the cost of providing this free technical support is insignificant and free product enhancements are minimal and infrequent, we do not defer the recognition of revenue associated with sales of these products.

For certain of our end-user software products (principally SUPERAntiSpyware), we sell licenses for a fixed subscription period.  We provide regular, significant updates over the subscription period and therefore recognize revenue for these products ratably over the subscription period.

Other revenue consists primarily of revenue generated through partners advertising to our customer base in various forms, including toolbar advertising, email marketing, and free trial offers. We recognize other revenue in the period in which our partners notify us that the revenue has been earned.

Research and Development

Research and development expenditures are charged to operations as they are incurred.

Software Development Costs

Based on our product development process, technological feasibility is established on the completion of a working model.  The Company determined that technological feasibility is reached shortly before the product is ready for general release and therefore development costs incurred have been insignificant. Accordingly, we have charged all such costs to research and development expense in the period in which they were incurred.

Purchased Technology for Internal Use

We capitalize costs related to software that we license and incorporate into our product and service offerings or develop for internal use.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are recorded as sales and marketing expense in the period in which they are incurred.  Advertising expense was $18,000 and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed using our net income (loss) and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period.  Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed using our net income (loss) and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including the effect of the potential issuance of common stock such as stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) using the treasury stock method when dilutive.  We excluded outstanding weighted average stock options of 0.8 million and 1.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, from the calculation of diluted earnings per common share because the exercise prices of these stock options were greater than or equal to the average market value of the common stock. These stock options could be included in the calculation in the future if the average market value of the common stock increases and is greater than the exercise price of these stock options.  Since we reported a net loss for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, 64,000 and 28,000 outstanding options and RSUs were also excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share since their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net earnings (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Net loss	$	(9,100	)	$	(1,526	)
Basic:
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding		18,826			18,644
Shares used in computing basic net loss per share		18,826			18,644
Basic net loss per share	$	(0.48	)	$	(0.08	)
Diluted:
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding		18,826			18,644
Add: Common equivalent shares outstanding		—			—
Shares used in computing diluted net loss per share		18,826			18,644
Diluted net loss per share	$	(0.48	)	$	(0.08	)

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, which relate entirely to accumulated foreign currency translation losses associated with our foreign subsidiaries and unrealized losses on investments, consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Foreign Currency Translation Losses			Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	(2,024	)	$	(84	)	$	(2,108	)
Current-period other comprehensive gain (loss)		(414	)		15			(399	)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	(2,438	)	$	(69	)	$	(2,507	)

Realized gains/losses on investments reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss are reported as interest income and other, net in our consolidated statements of operations.

The amounts noted in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss are shown before taking into account the related income tax impact.  The income tax effect allocated to each component of other comprehensive income for each of the periods presented is not significant.

Stock-Based Compensation

We apply the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards, including grants of stock and options to purchase stock, made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values.

Determining Fair Value of Share-Based Payments

Valuation and Attribution Method: Stock-based compensation expense for service-based stock options and employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) is estimated at the date of grant based on the fair value of awards using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. Stock-based compensation expense for RSUs is estimated at the date of grant based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. Stock options vest on a graded schedule; however, we recognize the expense over the requisite service period based on the straight-line method for service-based stock options and the accelerated method for market-based stock options, which is generally four years for stock options, three years or four years for RSUs and six months for ESPP, net of estimated forfeitures. These limitations require that on any date the compensation cost recognized is at least equal to the portion of the grant-date fair value of the award that is vested at that date. The Company estimates pre-vesting forfeitures at the time of grant by analyzing historical data and revises those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The total expense recognized over the vesting period will only be for those awards that ultimately vest.

Risk-free Interest Rate: We base our risk-free interest rate on the yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues for the expected term of the stock options.

Expected Term: Our expected term represents the period that our stock options are expected to be outstanding and is determined based on historical experience of similar stock options considering the contractual terms of the stock options, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior.

Expected Volatility:  Our expected volatility represents the amount by which the stock price is expected to fluctuate throughout the period that the stock option is outstanding. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock.

Expected Dividend:  We use a dividend yield of zero, as we have never paid cash dividends and do not expect to pay dividends in the future.

The fair value of our stock-based awards was estimated using the following weighted average assumptions for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Stock Option Plan						Employee Stock Purchase Plan
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Risk-free interest rate		2.43	%		1.71	%		2.31	%		0.5	%
Expected term (in years)		3.0			3.0			0.5			0.5
Volatility		41.2	%		41.2	%		29.0	%		39.0	%
Expected dividend		0	%		0	%		0	%		0	%
Weighted average grant-date fair value	$	0.84		$	0.68		$	0.67		$	0.39

We recorded the following stock-based compensation expense for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017
Stock-based compensation expense related to grants of:
Stock options	$	395	$	144
ESPP		16		21
RSU		269		265
	$	680	$	430
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in:
Cost of service	$	63	$	109
Cost of software and others		-		4
Research and development		42		78
Sales and marketing		54		59
General and administrative		521		180
	$	680	$	430

Cash provided by (used in) from the issuance of common stock, net of repurchase of common stock and cash settlement in stock split, was $257,000 and $25,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be reversed or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets, if it is more likely than not, that such assets will not be realized. The Company’s deferred tax asset and related valuation allowance increased by $2.1 million to $46 million. As the deferred tax asset is fully allowed for, this change had no impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Warranties and Indemnifications

We generally provide a refund period on sales, during which refunds may be granted to consumers under certain circumstances, including our inability to resolve certain support issues. For our partnerships, the refund period varies by partner, but is generally between 5-14 days. For referral programs and direct transactions, the refund period is generally 5 days. For the majority of our end-user software products, we provide a 30-day money back guarantee.  For all channels, we recognize revenue net of refunds and cancellations during the period. Refunds and cancellations have not been material to date.

We generally agree to indemnify our customers against legal claims that our end-user software products infringe certain third-party intellectual property rights. As of December 31, 2018, we were not required to make any payment resulting from infringement claims asserted against our customers and have not recorded any related accruals.

Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under generally accepted accounting principles and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined under ASC 820 as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value ASC 820 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:

●  Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

●  Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

●  Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following table represents our fair value hierarchy for our financial assets (cash equivalents and investments) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2018	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Money market funds	$	14,295	$	—	$	—	$	14,295
Certificates of deposit		—		1,170		—		1,170
Commercial paper		—		3,985		—		3,985
Corporate notes and bonds		—		14,833		—		14,833
U.S. government agency securities		—		6,975		—		6,975
Total	$	14,295	$	26,963	$	—	$	41,258

As of December 31, 2017	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Money market funds	$	10,642	$	—	$	—	$	10,642
Certificates of deposit		—		1,206		—		1,206
Commercial paper		—		2,493		—		2,493
Corporate notes and bonds		—		22,769		—		22,769
U.S. government agency securities		—		4,715		—		4,715
Total	$	10,642	$	31,183	$	—	$	41,825

For short-term investments, measured at fair value using Level 2 inputs, we review trading activity and pricing for these investments as of the measurement date. When sufficient quoted pricing for identical securities is not available, we use market pricing and other observable market inputs for similar securities obtained from various third-party data providers.  These inputs either represent quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or have been derived from observable market data. Our policy is that the end of our quarterly reporting period determines when transfers of financial instruments between levels are recognized.

Segment Information

The Company reports its operations as a single operating segment and has a single reporting unit. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), our Chief Executive Officer, manages our operations on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources. When evaluating performance and allocating resources, the CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis.

Revenue from customers located outside the United States was less than 1% of total for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, Comcast and Cox Communications accounted for approximately 69% and 15%, respectively, of our total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, Comcast accounted for approximately 65% of our total revenue. There were no other customers that accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue in any of the periods presented.

Long-lived assets are attributed to the geographic location in which they are located.  We include in long-lived assets all tangible assets.  Long-lived assets by geographic areas are as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2018		2017
United States	$	702	$	1,132
India		-		-
Philippines		1		1
Total	$	703	$	1,133

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Adopted in the Current Period

Revenue Recognition

We have implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that management believes would materially affect our financial statements.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, updated by ASU No. 2015-14 Deferral of the Effective Date (a.k.a. ASC 606), which provides a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and will supersede most current revenue recognition guidance. The standard was effective for public entities for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Our revenue is primarily generated when we deliver the service to the customers over time. We completed our analysis during 2017 and there was no material change to our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows as a result of the implementation of ACS 606. We adopted ASC 606 on a modified retrospective basis effective on January 1, 2018. Although there is no material impact, we have expanded disclosures in our notes to our consolidated financial statements related to revenue recognition under the new standard. We have implemented changes to our accounting policies and practices, business processes, systems, and controls to support the new revenue recognition and disclosure requirements.

Financial Instruments

           In January 2016, The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Topic 825). ASU No. 2016-01 revises the classification and measurement of investments in certain equity investments and the presentation of certain fair value changes for certain financial liabilities measured at fair value. ASU No. 2016-01 requires the change in fair value of many equity investments to be recognized in net income. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 in its first quarter of 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective transition method. Based on the composition of the Company’s investment portfolio, the adoption of ASU 2016-01 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

In March 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-05 – Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which updates the income tax accounting in U.S. GAAP to reflect the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) interpretive guidance released on December 22, 2017, when the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was signed into law.

New Accounting Standards to be adopted in Future Periods

Intangible Assets

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (ASU 2017-04), which eliminates step two from the goodwill impairment test. Under ASU 2017-04, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value up to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2020 on a prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Lease Accounting

In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU amending the accounting for leases. The new guidance requires the recognition of lease assets and liabilities for operating leases with terms of more than 12 months, in addition to those currently recorded, on our consolidated balance sheets. Presentation of leases within the consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows will be generally consistent with the current lease accounting guidance. The ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt this ASU on January 1, 2019. This adoption approach will result in a balance sheet presentation that will not be comparable to the prior period in the first year of adoption. We are in the process of finalizing the impact on the amounts to be recognized as total right-of-use assets and total lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet beginning in 2019. Other than this disclosure, we do not expect the new standard to have a material impact on our remaining consolidated financial statements.

Comprehensive Income

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows companies to reclassify standard tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act), from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any interim period after issuance of the ASU. The new standard is effective for us beginning January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the adoption of this guidance but do not expect such adoption to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and the related disclosures.