Organization, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Organization, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Policies

1. Organization, basis of presentation and summary of significant policies:

Overview

BioDelivery Sciences International, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) is a rapidly growing commercial-stage specialty pharmaceutical company dedicated to patients living with chronic conditions. The Company is utilizing its novel and proprietary BioErodible MucoAdhesive (BEMA) drug-delivery technology and other drug delivery technologies to develop and commercialize new applications of proven therapies aimed at addressing important unmet medical needs. The Company commercializes in the United States using its own sales force while working in partnership with third parties to commercialize its products outside the United States.

In April 2019, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement for the commercialization of Symproic (naldemedine tosylate) in the United States including Puerto Rico for the opioid-induced constipation in adult patients with chronic non-cancer pain (Note 7).

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal and recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of these financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018 has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Certain footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations. It is recommended that these condensed consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Operating results for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or any other future periods.

As used herein, the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, is referred to as the “Common Stock” and the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, is referred to as the “Preferred Stock”.

Principles of consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, Arius Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Arius”), Arius Two, Inc. (“Arius Two”) and Bioral Nutrient Delivery, LLC (“BND”). For each period presented, BND has been an inactive subsidiary. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of estimates in financial statements

The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company reviews all significant estimates affecting the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis and records the effect of any necessary adjustments prior to their issuance. Significant estimates made by the Company include: revenue recognition associated with sales allowances such as returns of product sold, government program rebates, customer coupon redemptions, wholesaler/pharmacy discounts, product service fees, rebates and chargebacks; sales bonuses; stock-based compensation; determination of fair values of assets and liabilities relating to business combinations; and deferred income taxes.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of operating and money market accounts. Cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.

The Company maintains cash equivalent balances with financial institutions that management believes are of high credit quality. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents accounts at times may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk from cash and cash equivalents.

Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with costs determined for each batch under the first-in, first-out method and specifically allocated to remaining inventory. Inventory consists of raw materials, work in process and finished goods. Raw materials include amounts of active pharmaceutical ingredient for a product to be manufactured, work in process includes the bulk inventory of laminate (the Company’s drug delivery film) prior to being packaged for sale, and finished goods include pharmaceutical products ready for commercial sale.

On a quarterly basis, the Company analyzes its inventory levels and records allowances for inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of the expected net realizable value and inventory that is in excess of expected demand based upon projected product sales. The Company reserved $0.3 million and $0.2 million for inventory obsolescence as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Revenue recognition

The main types of revenue contracts are:

• Product sales-Product sales amounts relate to sales of BELBUCA, Symproic and BUNAVAIL. These sales are recognized as revenue when control is transferred to the wholesaler in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received.

• Product royalty revenues-Product royalty revenue amounts are based on sales revenue of the PAINKYL product under the Company’s license agreement with TTY and the BREAKYL product under the Company’s license agreement with Meda AB, which was acquired by Mylan N.V. (which we refer to herein as Mylan). Product royalty revenues are recognized when control of the product is transferred to the license partner in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received. Supplemental sales-based product royalty revenue may also be earned upon the subsequent sale of the product at agreed upon contractual rates.

• Contract revenue-Contract revenue amounts are related to milestone payments under the Company’s license agreements with its partners.

The Company recognizes revenue on product sales when control of the promised goods is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring those goods. The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. When determining whether the customer has obtained control of the goods, the Company considers any future performance obligations. Generally, there is no post-shipment obligations on product sold.

Performance obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of the Company’s product sales contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, not distinct. The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time. The multiple performance obligations are not allocated based off of the obligations but based off of standard selling price.

Adjustments to product sales

The Company recognizes product sales net of estimated allowances for rebates, price adjustments, returns, chargebacks, vouchers and prompt payment discounts. A significant majority of the Company’s adjustments to gross product revenues are the result of accruals for its commercial contracts, retail consumer subsidy programs, and Medicaid rebates.

The Company establishes allowances for estimated rebates, chargebacks and product returns based on numerous qualitative and quantitative factors, including:

• the number of and specific contractual terms of agreements with customers;

• estimated levels of inventory in the distribution channel;

• historical rebates, chargebacks and returns of products;

• direct communication with customers;

• anticipated introduction of competitive products or generics;

• anticipated pricing strategy changes by the Company and/or its competitors;

• analysis of prescription data gathered by a third-party prescription data provider;

• the impact of changes in state and federal regulations; and

• the estimated remaining shelf life of products.

The Company uses prescription data purchased from a third-party data provider to develop estimates of historical inventory channel sell-through. The Company utilizes an internal analysis to compare historical net product shipments to estimated historical prescriptions written. Based on that analysis, management develops an estimate of the quantity of product in the channel which may be subject to various rebate, chargeback and product return exposures. To estimate months of ending inventory in the Company’s distribution channel, the Company divides estimated ending inventory in the distribution channel by the Company’s recent prescription data, not considering any future anticipated demand growth beyond the succeeding quarter. Monthly for each product line, the Company prepares an internal estimate of ending inventory units in the distribution channel by adding estimated inventory in the channel at the beginning of the period, plus net product shipments for the period, less estimated prescriptions written for the period. This is done for each product line by applying a rate of historical activity for rebates, chargebacks and product returns, adjusted for relevant quantitative and qualitative factors discussed above, to the potential exposed product estimated to be in the distribution channel. In addition, the Company receives daily information from the wholesalers regarding their sales and actual on hand inventory levels of the Company’s products. This enables the Company to execute accurate provisioning procedures.

Product returns-Consistent with industry practice, the Company offers contractual return rights that allow its customers to return the products within an 18-month period that begins six months prior to and ends twelve months after expiration of the products.

Rebates- The liability for government program rebates is calculated based on historical and current rebate redemption and utilization rates contractually submitted by each program’s administrator.

Price adjustments and chargebacks-The Company’s estimates of price adjustments and chargebacks are based on its estimated mix of sales to various third-party payers, which are entitled either contractually or statutorily to discounts from the Company’s listed prices of its products. If the sales mix to third-party payers is different from the Company’s estimates, the Company may be required to pay higher or lower total price adjustments and/or chargebacks than it had estimated, and such differences may be significant.

The Company, from time to time, offers certain promotional product-related incentives to its customers. The Company has voucher programs for BELBUCA, Symproic and BUNAVAIL whereby the Company offers a point-of-sale subsidy to retail consumers. The Company estimates its liabilities for these voucher programs based on the current utilization and historical redemption rates as reported to the Company by a third-party claims processing organization. The Company accounts for the costs of these special promotional programs as price adjustments, which are a reduction of gross revenue.

Prompt payment discounts-The Company typically offers its wholesale customers a prompt payment discount of 2% as an incentive to remit payments within a prescribed number of days after the invoice date depending on the customer and the products purchased.

Gross to net accruals-A significant majority of the Company’s gross to net adjustments to gross product revenues are the result of accruals for its voucher program and rebates related to Medicare Part D, Part D Coverage Gap, Medicaid and commercial contracts, with most of those programs having an accrual to payment cycle of anywhere from one to three months. In addition to this relatively short accrual to payment cycle, the Company receives daily information from the wholesalers regarding their sales of the Company’s products and actual on hand inventory levels of its products. This enables the Company to execute accurate provisioning procedures. Consistent with the pharmaceutical industry, the accrual to payment cycle for returns is longer and can take several years depending on the expiration of the related products.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales includes the direct costs attributable to the production of BELBUCA and BUNAVAIL. It includes raw materials, production costs at the Company’s three contract manufacturing sites, quality testing directly related to the products, and depreciation on equipment that the Company has purchased to produce BELBUCA and BUNAVAIL. It also includes any batches not meeting specifications and raw material yield losses. Yield losses and batches not meeting specifications are expensed as incurred. Cost of sales is recognized when sold to the wholesaler from our distribution center.

Beginning in April 2019, cost of sales also includes direct costs attributable to the production of Symproic.

For BREAKYL and PAINKYL (the Company’s out-licensed breakthrough cancer pain therapies), cost of sales includes all costs related to creating the product at the Company’s contract manufacturing location in Germany. The Company’s contract manufacturer bills the Company for the final product, which includes materials, direct labor costs, and certain overhead costs as outlined in applicable supply agreements.

Cost of sales also includes royalty expenses that the Company owes to third parties.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company measures the fair value of instruments in accordance with GAAP which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

GAAP defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The Company considers the carrying amount of its cash and cash equivalents to approximate fair value due to short-term nature of this instrument. GAAP describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 – quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable

Level 3 – inputs that are unobservable (for example cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions)

The following table summarizes the cash and cash equivalents measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2019:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Balance at June 30, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	57,215	$	—	$	—		57,215

The cash and cash equivalent balance as of June 30, 2019 includes investments in various money market accounts and cash held in interest bearing accounts.

Research and development

As of January 1, 2019, the Company has focused entirely on commercialized products rather than research and development. As such, there were no expenses incurred in research and development during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Research and development expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $3.3 million.