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Endo License and Development Agreement
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2014
Text Block [Abstract]  
Endo License and Development Agreement

4. Endo License and Development Agreement:

In January 2012, the Company entered into a License and Development Agreement (the “Endo Agreement”) with Endo pursuant to which the Company granted to Endo an exclusive commercial world-wide license to develop, manufacture, market and sell the Company’s BEMA® Buprenorphine product and to complete U.S. development of such product candidate for purposes of seeking FDA approval.

Pursuant to the Endo Agreement, Endo has obtained all rights necessary to complete the clinical and commercial development of BEMA® Buprenorphine and to sell the product worldwide. Although Endo has obtained all such necessary rights, the Company has agreed under the Endo Agreement to be responsible for the completion of certain clinical trials regarding BEMA® Buprenorphine (and providing clinical trial materials for such trials) necessary to submit a New Drug Application (“NDA”) to the FDA in order to obtain approval of BEMA® Buprenorphine in the U.S., in each case pursuant to a development plan set forth in the Endo Agreement (as it may be amended pursuant to the Endo Agreement). The Company is responsible for development activities through the filing of the NDA in the U.S., while Endo is responsible for the development following the NDA submission as well as the manufacturing, distribution, marketing and sales of BEMA® Buprenorphine on a worldwide basis. In addition, Endo is responsible for all filings required in order to obtain regulatory approval of BEMA® Buprenorphine.

Pursuant to the Endo Agreement, the Company has received (or is expected to receive upon satisfaction of applicable conditions) the following payments (some portion(s) of which will be utilized by the Company to support its development obligations under the Endo Agreement with respect to BEMA® Buprenorphine):

 

    $30 million non-refundable upfront license fee (received January 17, 2012);

 

    $15 million for enhancement of intellectual property rights (earned in May 2012);

 

    $20 million for full enrollment in two clinical trials ($10 million earned in January 2014 and $10 million earned in June 2014);

 

    $60 million upon certain future regulatory events;

 

    up to an aggregate of $55 million based on the achievement of four separate post-approval sales thresholds; and

 

    sales-based royalties in a particular percentage range on U.S. sales of BEMA® Buprenorphine, and royalties in a lesser range on sales outside the United States, subject to certain restrictions and adjustments.

The Company has assessed its arrangement with Endo and the Company’s deliverables thereunder at inception to determine: (i) the separate units of accounting for revenue recognition purposes, (ii) which payments should be allocated to which of those units of accounting and (iii) the appropriate revenue recognition pattern or trigger for each of those payments. The assessment requires subjective analysis and requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions about whether deliverables within multiple-element arrangements are separable and, if so, to determine the amount of arrangement consideration to be allocated to each unit of accounting.

 

At the inception of the Endo arrangement, the Company determined that the Endo Agreement is a multi-deliverable arrangement with three deliverables: (1) the license rights related to BEMA® Buprenorphine, (2) services related to obtaining enhanced intellectual property rights through the issuance of a particular patent and (3) clinical development services. The Company concluded that the license delivered to Endo at the inception of the Endo Agreement has stand-alone value because Endo obtained, at the inception of the Endo Agreement, all of the rights and knowledge necessary to fully exploit its license without the Company’s further involvement. It was also determined that there was a fourth deliverable, the provision of clinical trial material (“CTM”). The amounts involved are, however, immaterial and delivered in essentially the same time frame as the clinical development services. Accordingly, the Company has not separately accounted for the CTM deliverable, but considers it part of the clinical development services deliverable.

The initial non-refundable $30 million license fee was allocated to each of the three deliverables based upon their relative selling prices using best estimates. The analysis of the best estimate of the selling price of the deliverables was based on the income approach, the Company’s negotiations with Endo and other factors, and was further based on management’s estimates and assumptions which included consideration of how a market participant would use the license, estimated market opportunity and market share, the Company’s estimates of what contract research organizations would charge for clinical development services, the costs of clinical trial materials and other factors. Also considered were entity specific assumptions regarding the results of clinical trials, the likelihood of FDA approval of the subject product and the likelihood of commercialization based in part on the Company’s prior agreements with the BEMA® technology.

Based on this analysis, $15.6 million of the up-front license fee was allocated to the license (which was estimated to have a value significantly in excess of $30 million), and $14.4 million to clinical development services (which is inclusive of the cost of CTM). Although the intellectual property component was considered a separate deliverable, no distinct amount of the up-front payment was assigned to this deliverable because the Company determined the deliverable to be perfunctory. The amount allocated to the license was recognized as revenue in January 2012. The portion of the upfront license fee allocated to the clinical development services deliverable of $14.4 million is being recognized as those services are performed. The Company estimates that such clinical development services will extend into the first half of 2015. Based on the estimated proportion of those services performed through June 30, 2014, $5.2 million was recognized as revenue in fiscal year 2012, $6.3 million was recognized as revenue in fiscal year 2013 and $1.8 million was recognized as contract revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2014 in the accompanying condensed statements of operations. As a result, $1.1 million remains deferred at June 30, 2014.

The Company analyzed the milestone payments noted above to determine if such milestones are substantive. This determination included an analysis of the Company’s performance to achieve each milestone, the enhancement of value of the delivered items, the timing of performance related to the milestone, and the reasonability of the milestone relative to all the deliverables and payment terms. The Company concluded that each of the milestones is substantive and therefore has and will recognize revenue when milestones are earned.

The term of the Endo Agreement shall last, on a country-by-country basis, until the later of: (i) 10 years from the date of the first commercial sale of BEMA® Buprenorphine in a particular country or (ii) the date on which the last valid claim of the Company’s patents covering BEMA®Buprenorphine in a particular country has expired or been invalidated. The Endo Agreement shall be subject to termination: (i) by Endo, at any time, upon a specific timeframe of prior written notice to the Company, (ii) by Endo and the Company upon mutual written agreement, (iii) by either party upon a material default or breach of the Endo Agreement and such default or breach is not cured within a specified timeframe, (iv) the voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy of either party or (v) by the Company if Endo does not meet certain diligence obligations outside of the United States.

On February 16, 2012, the Company announced that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued a Notice of Allowance regarding its patent application (No. 13/184306), which patent will extend the exclusivity of the BEMA® drug delivery technology for the Company’s BEMA® Buprenorphine and BUNAVAIL™ product candidates from 2020 to 2027. On April 17, 2012, the Company announced that this patent was granted. As a result, pursuant to the Endo Agreement, the Company received a milestone payment from Endo in the amount of $15 million in May 2012. As discussed above, this milestone had been evaluated to be a substantive milestone, and therefore was recognized as revenue when the milestone was earned.

On January 23, 2014, the Company announced positive top-line results from its pivotal Phase 3 efficacy study of BEMA® Buprenorphine in opioid-“naive” subjects. The locking of the database for the opioid naive study has triggered a $10 million milestone payment from Endo per the Company’s licensing agreement. Such payment was received during February 2014 and has been recorded as contract revenue in the accompanying 2014 condensed consolidated statement of operations.

 

On June 25, 2014, the database for the pivotal Phase 3 efficacy study of BEMA® Buprenorphine in opioid-experienced patients was locked. As a result, the locking of the database triggered a $10 million milestone payment from Endo per the Company’s license agreement. As such, the Company recorded a $10 million receivable and corresponding contract revenue in the accompanying 2014 condensed consolidated statement of operations. The payment was subsequently received from Endo early July 2014.

The remaining milestone payments are expected to be recognized as revenue as they are achieved, except that one milestone is contingently refundable for a period of time. Revenue related to such contingently refundable milestone is expected to be recognized as refund provisions, as defined in the agreement, expire. Sale threshold payments and sales-based royalties will be recognized as they accrue under the terms of the Endo Agreement.

The Company is reimbursed by Endo for certain contractor costs when these costs go beyond set thresholds as outlined in the Endo Agreement. Endo reimburses the Company for this spending at cost and the Company receives no mark-up or profit. The gross amount of these reimbursed research and development costs are reported as research and development reimbursement revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company acts as a principal, has discretion to choose suppliers, bears credit risk and may perform part of the services required in the transactions. Therefore, these reimbursements are treated as revenue to the Company. The actual expenses creating the reimbursements are reflected as research and development expense.

Beginning in March 2014, total reimbursable contractor costs exceeded a set threshold, at which point all such expenses are to be borne at a rate of 50% by Endo and 50% by the Company. In connection with the Endo Agreement, Endo has continued to reimburse the Company for 100% of such costs, with 50% thereof to be taken as a credit against potential future milestones associated with achievement of certain regulatory events. During the six months ended June 30, 2014, the Company received $3.5 million of such prepayments, which have been recorded as deferred revenue, long term in the accompanying condensed consolidated 2014 balance sheet. During the six months ended June 30, 2014, the Company recognized $10.8 million of reimbursable expenses related to its Endo agreement, which is recorded as revenue and shown as research and development reimbursements on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.