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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS [Abstract]  
Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology

The fair value of our share-based awards, as shown below, was estimated using the Black-Scholes model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

 
Year Ended September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Stock Options
      
Weighted-average grant date fair value
 
$
26.59
  
$
16.50
  
$
14.47
 
Expected term (in years)
  
6.68
   
6.57
   
6.56
 
Expected volatility
  
26
%
  
27
%
  
26
%
Risk-free rate of return
  
2.4
%
  
2.1
%
  
1.9
%
Dividend yield
  
1.0
%
  
1.2
%
  
0.3
%


 
Year Ended September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
ESPP
      
Weighted-average grant date fair value
 
$
20.94
  
$
12.49
  
$
9.57
 
Expected term (in years)
  
0.50
   
0.50
   
0.50
 
Expected volatility
  
26
%
  
24
%
  
24
%
Risk-free rate of return
  
1.5
%
  
0.6
%
  
0.4
%
Dividend yield
  
1.1
%
  
1.3
%
  
0.5
%


Share Based Compensation Expense
Total share-based compensation expense for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, is as follows:

 
 
Year Ended September 30,
 
  
2018
  
2017
  
2016
 
Income statement classifications:
         
Cost of goods sold
 
$
2,450
  
$
2,229
  
$
2,105
 
Research, development and technical
  
1,940
   
1,792
   
1,633
 
Selling and marketing
  
1,277
   
1,380
   
1,618
 
General and administrative
  
12,851
   
7,603
   
8,585
 
Tax benefit
  
(4,306
)
  
(4,339
)
  
(4,341
)
Total share-based compensation expense, net of tax
 
$
14,212
  
$
8,665
  
$
9,600
 


The grant of December 2017 included the provisions of stock option grants and restricted stock unit awards such that except in certain circumstances including termination for cause, once an employee meets the retirement eligibility requirements, any remaining unvested share-based awards will continue to vest regardless of termination of service. Consequently, the requisite service period for the award is satisfied upon retirement eligibility. Therefore, for those employees who have met the retirement eligibility at the grant date, we now record the total share-based compensation expense upon award; for those employees who will meet the retirement eligibility during the four-year vesting period, we now record the share-based compensation expense over the period from the grant date through the date of retirement eligibility, rather than over the four-year vesting period stated in the award agreement.  Restricted stock units granted to non-employee directors on an annual basis vest 100% on the first anniversary of the award date.

Stock Option Activity
STOCK OPTION ACTIVITY

A summary of stock option activity under the EIP and OIP as of September 30, 2018, and changes during fiscal 2018 are presented below:

 
 
Stock
Options
  
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
  
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(in years)
  
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands)
 
Outstanding at September 30, 2017
  
1,517,061
  
$
44.17
       
Granted
  
152,282
   
95.19
       
Exercised
  
(488,029
)
  
39.45
       
Forfeited or canceled
  
(49,833
)
  
53.09
       
Outstanding at September 30, 2018
  
1,131,481
  
$
52.68
   
6.8
  
$
57,212
 
 
                
Exercisable at September 30, 2018
  
552,969
  
$
41.57
   
5.5
  
$
34,063
 
 
                
Expected to vest after September 30, 2018
  
575,758
  
$
63.16
   
8.0
  
$
23,120
 


Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Unit Awards
A summary of the status of the restricted stock awards and restricted stock unit awards, including PSUs outstanding that were awarded under the OIP as of September 30, 2018, and changes during fiscal 2018, are presented below:

 
 
Restricted Stock
Awards and Units
  
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair Value
 
 
      
Nonvested at September 30, 2017
  
346,513
  
$
52.43
 
Granted *
  
140,084
   
93.16
 
Vested
  
(134,165
)
  
49.73
 
Forfeited
  
(24,285
)
  
58.64
 
Nonvested at September 30, 2018
  
328,147
  
$
70.42
 

* Includes the initial amount of PSUs granted, which may be subject to downward or upward adjustment depending on the performance measures during the particular performance period pursuant to the PSU award agreement.