10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to________

Commission File Number 001-09240

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Nevada	94-6565852
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1603 Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway, Suite 800, Dallas, Texas 75234

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(469) 522-4200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	ARL	NYSE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ☐	Accelerated filer  ☐	Non-accelerated filer  ☒	Smaller reporting company   ☒
Emerging growth Company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes x No.

As of May 13, 2021, there were 16,152,043 shares of common stock outstanding.

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		PAGE
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020	3
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020	4
	Consolidated Statement of Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020	6
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks	25
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	25
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	25
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	26
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	26
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	26
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	26
Item 5.	Other Information	26
Item 6.	Exhibits	27
Signatures		29

2

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 

(dollars in thousands, except share and par value amounts)

(Unaudited)

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets
Real estate, net	$	351,120	$	377,383
Notes receivable (including $75,135 and $70,375 at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, from related parties)	137,718		130,626
Cash and cash equivalents	53,865		36,814
Restricted cash	21,196		50,206
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures	55,764		60,425
Receivable from related parties	126,810		129,335
Other assets	76,664		80,975
Total assets	$	823,137	$	865,764
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:
Mortgages and notes payable	224,817		242,711
Bonds payable	208,021		237,888
Accounts payable and other liabilities (including $14,724 and $12,488 at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, to related parties)	23,502		27,299
Accrued interest payable	3,385		7,639
Deferred revenue	9,791		19,821
Total liabilities	469,516		535,358
Equity
Shareholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, Series A, $2.00 par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized, 1,800,614 shares issued and outstanding	1,801		1,801
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 16,152,043 and 16,209,228 shares issued at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively; and 16,152,043 shares outstanding	162		162
Treasury stock, 57,185 at December 31, 2020	—		(2)
Paid-in capital	62,090		62,092
Retained earnings	190,806		172,738
Total shareholders' equity	254,859		236,791
Non-controlling interest	98,762		93,615
Total equity	353,621		330,406
Total liabilities and equity	$	823,137	$	865,764

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Revenues:
Rental revenues (including $242 and $221 for three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, from related parties)	$	10,361	$	11,442
Other income	1,467		1,688
Total revenue	11,828		13,130
Expenses:
Property operating expenses (including $382 and $242 for three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, from related parties)	5,832		6,309
Depreciation and amortization	3,327		3,394
General and administrative (including $1,670 and $1,133 for three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, from related parties)	3,235		4,292
Advisory fee to related party	2,436		2,373
Total operating expenses	14,830		16,368
Net operating loss	(3,002)		(3,238)
Interest income (including $4,769 and $5,073 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, from related parties)	5,644		5,754
Interest expense (including $1,395 and $1,915 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, from related parties)	(7,738)		(9,602)
(Loss) gain on foreign currency transactions	7,617		7,843
Equity in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures	3,336		(260)
Gain on sale or write-down of assets, net	17,398		4,138
Income tax provision	(40)		(247)
Net income	23,215		4,388
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(5,147)		(1,442)
Net income attributable to the Company	$	18,068	$	2,946
Earnings per share - basic
Basic and diluted	$	1.12	$	0.18
Weighted average common shares used in computing earnings per share
Basic and diluted	16,152,043		15,997,076

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

(dollars in thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Treasury Stock		Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Total Shareholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	1,801	$	162	(2)		62,092		172,738		$	236,791	$	93,615	$	330,406
Cancellation of treasury shares	—		—		2		(2)		—		—		—		—
Net income	—		—		—		—		18,068		18,068		5,147		23,215
Balance, March 31, 2021	$	1,801	$	162	$	—	$	62,090	$	190,806	$	254,859	$	98,762	$	353,621
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	3,601	$	164	$	(6,395)	$	78,421	$	163,708	$	239,499	$	57,017	$	296,516
Net income	—		—		—		—		2,946		2,946		1,442		4,388
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	3,601	$	164	$	(6,395)	$	78,421	$	166,654	$	242,445	$	58,459	$	300,904

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Cash Flow From Operating Activities:
Net income	$	23,215	$	4,388
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Gain on sale or write down of assets	(17,398)		(4,138)
Gain on foreign currency transactions	(7,617)		(7,843)
Depreciation and amortization	3,953		4,325
Provision for bad debts	(1,017)		(542)
Equity in (income ) loss from unconsolidated joint ventures	(3,336)		260
Distribution of income from unconsolidated joint ventures	3,157		—
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of dispositions:
Other assets	2,981		(544)
Related party receivables	2,525		(151)
Accrued interest payable	(4,244)		(3,193)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(3,668)		(4,164)
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,449)		(11,602)
Cash Flow From Investing Activities:
Collection of notes receivable	9,373		5,042
Originations and advances on notes receivable	(10,448)		(768)
Acquisition of real estate	—		(2,000)
Development and renovation of real estate	(4,978)		(7,742)
Deferred leasing costs	(755)		—
Proceeds from sale of assets	14,434		5,638
Contribution to unconsolidated joint ventures	(411)		—
Distribution from unconsolidated joint ventures	7,430		5,264
Net cash provided by investing activities	14,645		5,434
Cash Flow From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from mortgages, other notes and bonds payable	—		5,114
Payments on mortgages, other notes and bonds payable	(25,133)		(14,153)
Debt extinguishment costs	—		—
Deferred financing costs	(22)		—
Preferred stock dividends	—		—
Net cash used in financing activities	(25,155)		(9,039)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(11,959)		(15,207)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	87,020		83,311
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	75,061	$	68,104

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

6

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share and square of foot amounts)

(Unaudited)

1.    Organization

As used herein, the terms “the Company”, “we”, “our” or “us” refer to American Realty Investors, Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was formed in 1999. Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol (“ARL”) and over 90% of our stock is owned by related party entities.

Our primary business is the acquisition, development and ownership of income-producing multifamily and commercial properties. In addition, we opportunistically acquire land for future development in in-fill or high-growth suburban markets. From time to time and when we believe it appropriate to do so, we will also sell land and income-producing properties. We generate revenues by leasing apartment units to residents, and leasing office, industrial and retail space to various for-profit businesses as well as certain local, state and federal agencies. We also generate revenues from gains on sales of income-producing properties and land.

We own approximately 78.4% of Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc. ("TCI") and substantially all of our operations are conducted through TCI, whose common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “TCI”. Accordingly, we include TCI’s financial results in our consolidated financial statements. Substantially all of TCI's assets are held by its wholly-owned subsidiary, Southern Properties Capital Ltd. (“SPC”), which was formed for the purpose of raising funds by issuing non-convertible bonds that are listed and traded on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange ("TASE").

At March 31, 2021, our portfolio of income-producing properties consisted of:

●     Six commercial properties consisting of five office buildings and 1 retail property comprising in aggregate of approximately 1,575,685 square feet;

●    Nine multifamily properties owned directly by us comprising in 1,492 units, excluding apartments being developed;

●    Approximately 1,922 acres of developed and undeveloped land; and

●    Fifty-two multifamily properties totaling 10,032 units owned by our 50% owned investment in VAA.

Our day to day operations are managed by Pillar Income Asset Management, Inc. (“Pillar”). Their duties include, but are not limited to, locating, evaluating and recommending real estate and real estate-related investment opportunities and arranging debt and equity financing with third party lenders and investors. All of the Companies employees are Pillar employees. Our commercial properties are managed by Regis Realty Prime, LLC (“Regis”). Regis provides leasing, construction management and brokerage services. Our multifamily properties are managed by outside management companies. Pillar and Regis are considered to be related parties (See Note 12 – Related Party Transactions).

2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations, although management believes the disclosures are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring matters) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Certain 2020 consolidated financial statement amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

7

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share and square of foot amounts)

(Unaudited)

We consolidate entities in which we are considered to be the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) or have a majority of the voting interest of the entity. We have determined that we are a primary beneficiary of the VIE when we have (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impacts its economic performance, and (ii) the obligations to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary, we consider qualitative and quantitative factors, including ownership interest, management representation, ability to control decision and other contractual rights.

We account for entities in which we have less than a controlling financial interest or entities where we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary under the equity method of accounting. Accordingly, we include our share of the net earnings or losses of these entities in our results of operations.

Newly Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The standard provides guidance, optional expedients and exceptions that reference London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. The standard was effective upon issuance and can be applied through December 31, 2022. We have mortgage notes payable with interest rates that reference LIBOR, and therefore, we will adopt this standard when LIBOR is discontinued.

On April 10, 2020, the FASB issued a Staff Q&A (“Q&A”) related to the application of the lease guidance in ASC 842 for the accounting impact of lease concessions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Q&A, allows an entity to make an election to account for lease concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 as though enforceable rights and obligations for those concessions existed. As a result of this election, an entity will not have to analyze each lease to determine whether enforceable rights and obligations for concessions exist in the lease and can elect to apply or not apply the lease modification guidance in ASC 842, as long as the concessions do not result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or the obligations of the lessee. Our adoption of the guidance of the Q&A did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

3.    Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) have been computed by dividing net income available to common shares, adjusted for preferred dividends, by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Shares issued during the period shall be weighted for the portion of the period that they were outstanding.

The following table details our basic and diluted earnings per common share calculation:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Net income	$	23,215	$	4,388
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	(5,147)		(1,442)
Net income loss attributable to the Company	$	18,068	$	2,946
Weighted-average common shares outstanding — basic and diluted	16,152,043		15,997,076
EPS - attributable to common shares — basic and diluted	$	1.12	$	0.18

8

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share and square of foot amounts)

(Unaudited)

4.    Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following presents the schedule of interest paid and other supplemental cash flow information:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Cash paid for interest	$	9,713	$	13,090
Cash - Beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents	$	36,814	$	51,228
Restricted cash	50,206		32,083
	$	87,020	$	83,311
Cash - End of Period
Cash and cash equivalents	$	53,865	$	39,946
Restricted cash	21,196		28,158
	$	75,061	$	68,104
Proceeds from mortgages, notes and bonds payable
Proceeds from mortgages and notes payable	$	—	$	5,114
Proceeds from bonds	—		—
	$	—	$	5,114
Payment of mortgages, notes and bonds payable
Recurring payment on mortgages and notes payable	$	2,421	$	2,592
Bond payments	22,712		11,561
	$	25,133	$	14,153

The following is a schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Property acquired in exchange for note payable	$	—	$	3,350
Assets contributed to joint venture	18,608		—
Liabilities assumed by joint venture	17,592		—

5.    Operating Segments

Our segments are based on the internal reporting that we review for operational decision-making purposes. We operate in two reportable segments: (i) the acquisition, development, ownership and management of multifamily apartment communities and (ii) the acquisition, ownership and management of commercial real estate properties. The services for our multifamily segment include rental of apartments and other tenant services, including parking and storage space rental. Asset information by segment is not reported because we do not use this measure to assess performance or make decisions to allocate resources. Therefore, depreciation and amortization expense is not allocated among segments. General and administrative expenses, advisory fees, interest income and interest expense are not included in segment profit as our internal reporting addresses these items on a corporate level.

9

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share and square of foot amounts)

(Unaudited)

The following table presents our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Multifamily Segment
Revenues	$	3,836	$	3,556
Operating expenses	(2,123)		(1,945)
Profit from segment	1,713		1,611
Commercial Segment
Revenues	6,525		7,886
Operating expenses	(3,709)		(4,364)
Profit from segment	2,816		3,522
Total profit from segments	$	4,529	$	5,133

The table below reflects the reconciliation of total profit from segments to net income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Total profit from segments	$	4,529	$	5,133
Other non-segment items of income (expense)
Depreciation	(3,327)		(3,394)
General and administrative	(3,235)		(4,292)
Advisory fee to related party	(2,436)		(2,373)
Other income	1,467		1,688
Interest income	5,644		5,754
Interest expense	(7,738)		(9,602)
Gain on foreign currency transaction	7,617		7,843
Income (losses) from unconsolidated joint ventures	3,336		(260)
Gain on sales or write-down of assets	17,398		4,138
Income tax expense	(40)		(247)
Net income	$	23,215	$	4,388

6.    Lease Revenue

We lease our multifamily apartment communities and commercial properties under agreements that are classified as operating leases. Our multifamily leases generally includes minimum rents and charges for ancillary services. Our commercial property leases generally included minimum rents and recoveries for property taxes and common area maintenance. Minimum rental revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases.

10

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share and square of foot amounts)

(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the components of rental revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Fixed component	$	9,863	$	10,812
Variable component	498		630
	$	10,361	$	11,442

The following table summarizes the future rental payments to us from under non-cancelable leases. The table exclude multifamily leases, which typically have a term of one-year or less:

2021	$	17,909
2022	21,363
2023	16,003
2024	10,889
2025	6,938
Thereafter	25,566
	$	98,668

7.    Real Estate Activity

Below is a summary of the real estate owned as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Land	$	48,357	$	50,759
Building and improvements	281,115		297,644
Tenant improvements	30,935		30,935
Construction in progress	73,656		77,891
Total cost	434,063		457,229
Less accumulated deprecation	(84,603)		(82,418)
Total real estate, net	349,460		374,811
Property held for sale	1,660		2,572
Total real estate	$	351,120	$	377,383

The gain (loss) on sale or write-down of assets, net for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 consist of the following:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Land(1)	$	5,957	$	4,138
Residential Properties(2)	11,441		—
	$	17,398	$	4,138

(1)Includes the sale of lots related to our investment in Windmill Farms, Mercer Crossing and other land holdings.

(2)Includes the gain from Overlook at Allensville Phase II transaction (See Note 9 – Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures) and the recognition of gains on various multifamily properties that had been previously been deferred (See Note 14 – Deferred Income).

11

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share and square of foot amounts)

(Unaudited)

8.    Notes Receivable

The following table summarizes our notes receivable as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

	Carrying value
Property/Borrower	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		Interest Rate		Maturity Date
ABC Land and Development, Inc.	$	4,408	$	4,408	9.50	%	6/30/21
ABC Paradise, LLC	1,210		1,210		9.50	%	6/30/21
Autumn Breeze(1)	2,102		1,867		5.00	%	7/1/22
Bellwether Ridge(1)	3,971		3,858		5.00	%	11/1/21
Forest Pines(1)	2,872		2,869		5.00	%	11/1/22
Lake Wales	3,000		3,000		9.50	%	6/30/21
Legacy Pleasant Grove	496		496		12.00	%	10/23/22
McKinney Ranch	4,554		4,554		6.00	%	9/15/22
One Realco Land Holding, Inc.	1,728		1,728		9.50	%	6/30/21
Parc at Ingleside(1)	2,670		2,523		5.00	%	12/1/21
Parc at Opelika(1)	1,698		—		10.00	%	1/13/23
Parc at Windmill Farms(1)	7,937		7,803		5.00	%	11/1/22
Phillips Foundation for Better Living, Inc.(2)	—		61		12.00	%	3/31/23
Phillips Foundation for Better Living, Inc.(2)	1,009		—		12.00	%	3/31/24
Plum Tree(1)	1,102		857		5.00	%	4/26/26
Riverview on the Park Land, LLC	1,045		1,045		9.50	%	6/30/21
RNC Portfolio, Inc.	8,853		8,853		5.00	%	9/1/24
Spartan Land	5,907		5,907		12.00	%	1/16/23
Spyglass of Ennis(1)	5,362		5,360		5.00	%	11/1/22
Steeple Crest(1)	6,498		6,498		5.00	%	8/1/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	2,880		2,880		12.00	%	7/31/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	212		212		12.00	%	8/30/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	6,831		6,831		12.00	%	10/31/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	10,401		10,896		12.00	%	12/31/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	10,096		10,096		12.00	%	3/31/22
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	6,990		6,990		12.00	%	3/31/23
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	3,615		3,615		12.00	%	5/31/23
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	23,746		26,209		12.00	%	12/31/32
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	6,525		—		12.00	%	3/31/24
	$	137,718	$	130,626

(1)The note is convertible, at our option, into a 100% ownership interest in the underlying development property, and is collateralized by the underlying development property.

(2) The borrower is determined to be a related party due to our significant investment in the performance of the collateral secured by the notes receivable.

(3) Principal and interest payments on the notes from Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (“UHF”) are funded from surplus cash flow from operations, sale or refinancing of the underlying properties and are cross collateralized to the extent that any surplus cash available from any of the properties underlying the notes.

12

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share and square of foot amounts)

(Unaudited)

9.    Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

On November 19, 2018, we formed the VAA joint venture with the Macquarie Group (“Macquarie”). In connection with the formation of VAA, we sold a 50% ownership interest in certain multifamily properties to Macquarie for a $236,800 cash payment, resulting in a gain on sale of assets of $154,100. We then immediately transferred our respective ownership interests in the multifamily projects ("VAA Portfolio") to VAA in exchange for a 50% voting interest and a 49% profit participation interest ("Class A interest") in VAA and note payable (“Mezzanine Loan”) in accordance with the terms of a contribution agreement (the “Contribution”). Upon completion of the Contribution, VAA owned and controlled 52 multifamily properties. VAA assumed all liabilities of those properties, including mortgage debt insured by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”).

Concurrent with the Contribution, VAA issued Class B interests with a 2% profits participation interest and no voting rights to Daniel J. Moos, our former President and Chief Executive Officer (“Class B Member”). The Class B Member serves as the Manager of VAA.

Interest on the Mezzanine loan is limited to cash generated from the properties and matures concurrently with the termination of VAA. Accordingly, we account for our interest in the Mezzanine Loan as additional equity interest and includes any interest payments accrued as income from unconsolidated joint ventures.

On March 30, 2021, we sold a 50% ownership interest in the special purpose entity that owned Overlook at Allensville Phase II, a 144 unit multifamily property in Sevierville, Tennessee to Macquarie bank for $2,551 resulting in gain on sale of assets of $1,417. Concurrent with the sale, we each contributed our 50% ownership interests into VAA.

We also own a 20% ownership interest in a 20% interest in Gruppa Florentina, LLC ("Milano"), which operates several pizza parlors in Central and Northern California. Milano also has 23 franchised locations, including two operating, under the trade name Angelo & Vito’s Pizzerias.

The following is a summary of our investment in unconsolidated joint ventures:

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets (1)
Real estate	$	1,242,582	$	1,230,197
Other assets	100,206		113,537
Total assets	$	1,342,788	$	1,343,734
Liabilities and Partners Capital (1)
Mortgage notes payable	$	873,579	$	843,522
Mezzanine notes payable	245,356		239,878
Other liabilities	27,921		45,619
Our share of partners' capital	85,842		93,334
Outside partner's capital	110,090		121,381
Total liabilities and partners' capital	$	1,342,788	$	1,343,734
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
Our share of partners' capital	$	122,678	$	93,334
Our share of Mezzanine note payable	85,842		119,939
Basis adjustment (2)	(152,756)		(152,848)
Total investment in unconsolidated joint ventures	$	55,764	$	60,425

(1)    These amounts include the assets of $1,280,899 and $1,279,197 of VAA at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and liabilities of $1,125,391 and $1,106,231 of VAA at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

13

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share and square of foot amounts)

(Unaudited)

(2)     We amortize the difference between the cost of our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and the book value of our underlying equity into income on a straight-line basis consistent with the lives of the underlying assets.

The following is a summary of our loss from investments in unconsolidated joint ventures:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Revenue (1)
Rental revenue	$	31,070	$	28,194
Other revenue	15,289		54,803
Total revenue	46,359		82,997
Expenses (1)
Operating expenses	28,039		63,827
Depreciation and amortization	8,062		9,168
Interest	14,175		15,593
Total expenses	50,276		88,588
Net loss	$	(3,917)	$	(5,591)
Our share of net loss in unconsolidated joint ventures	$	3,336	$	(260)

(1)    These amounts include revenue of $32,685 and $29,559 of VAA during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and expenses of $37,457 and $37,453 of VAA during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

14

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share and square of foot amounts)

(Unaudited)

10.    Mortgages and Other Notes Payable

The following table summarizes our mortgages and other notes payable as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

	Carrying value
Property / Entity	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		Effective Interest Rate		Maturity Date
600 Las Colinas	35,396		35,589		5.30	%	11/1/2023
770 South Post Oak	11,816		11,871		4.40	%	6/1/2025
Athens(1)	1,155		1,155		5.90	%	8/28/2022
Chelsea	8,154		8,194		3.40	%	12/1/2050
EQK Portage - Land	3,350		3,350		10.00	%	11/13/2024
HSW Partners	17,802		17,790		9.50	%	6/17/2021
Forest Grove(2)	7,333		7,333		3.75	%	5/5/2024
Landing Bayou	14,584		14,643		3.50	%	9/1/2053
Legacy at Pleasant Grove	13,579		13,653		3.60	%	4/1/2048
McKinney 36 Land	783		820		8.00	%	6/30/2022
New Concept Energy	3,542		3,542		6.00	%	9/30/2021
Overlook at Allensville Phase II(3)	—		15,621		3.80	%	5/1/2059
Parc at Denham Springs Phase II	16,087		16,128		4.10	%	2/1/2060
Stanford Center	39,125		39,093		6.00	%	2/26/2022
Sugar Mill Phase III	9,278		9,298		4.50	%	2/1/2060
Toulon	13,914		13,975		3.20	%	12/1/2051
Villas at Bon Secour	10,226		10,280		4.00	%	1/1/2022
Vista Ridge	9,942		9,979		4.00	%	8/1/2053
Windmill Farms(4)	8,751		10,397		6.00	%	2/28/2023
	$	224,817	$	242,711

(1)    On March 2, 2021, the loan was extended to August 28, 2022.

(2)    The loan bears interest at prime rate plus 0.5%March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

(3)    On March 30, 2021, the loan was assumed by VAA in connection with our contribution of of the underlying property to the joint venture (See Note 9 – Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures).

(4)    On March 4, 2021, the loan was extended to February 28, 2023 at an interest of 5%.

Interest payable at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, was $1,169 and $1,123, respectively. We capitalized interest of $858 and $585 during the years ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

There are various land mortgages, secured by the property, that are in the process of a modification or extension to the original note due to expiration of the loan. We are working with our existing lenders and new lenders to modify, extend the loans before they become due or refinancing the loans with terms that are similar to the existing agreement.

As of March 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all our loan covenants.

15

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share and square of foot amounts)

(Unaudited)

11.    Bonds Payable

We have issued three series of nonconvertible bonds ("Bonds') through SPC, which are traded on the TASE. The Bonds are denominated in New Israeli Shekels ("NIS") and provide for semiannual principal and interest payments through maturity.

In connection with the Bonds, we incurred a (loss) gain on foreign currency transactions of $7,617 and $7,843 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The outstanding balance of our Bonds at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 is as follows:

Bond Issuance	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		Interest Rate		Maturity
Series A Bonds(1)	$	76,448	$	95,133	7.30	%	7/31/23
Series B Bonds(2)	56,688		65,318		6.80	%	7/31/25
Series C Bonds(1)	82,484		85,537		4.65	%	1/31/23
	215,620		245,988
Less unamortized deferred issuance costs	(7,599)		(8,100)
	$	208,021	$	237,888

(1)    The bonds are collateralized by the assets of SPC.

(2)    The bonds are collateralized by a trust deed in Browning Place, a 625,297 square foot office building in Farmers Branch, Texas.

12.    Related Party Transactions

We engage in certain business transactions with related parties, including but not limited to asset acquisition and dispositions of real estate. Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s length basis due to the absence of free market forces that naturally exist in business dealings between two or more unrelated entities. Related party transactions may not always be favorable to our business and may include terms, conditions and agreements that are not necessarily beneficial to or in our best interest.

Pillar and Regis are wholly owned by an affiliates of the MRHI, which also owns approximately 90.8% of the Company. Pillar is compensated for advisory services in accordance with an agreement. Regis receives property management fees and leasing commissions in accordance with the terms of its property-level management agreement. In addition, Regis is entitled to receive real estate brokerage commissions in accordance with the terms of a non-exclusive brokerage agreement.

Rental income includes $242 and $221 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for office space leased to Pillar and Regis.

Property operating expense includes $382 and $242 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for management fees on commercial properties payable to Regis.

General and administrative expense includes $1,670 and $1,133 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for employee compensation and other reimbursable costs payable to Pillar.

Advisor fees paid to Pillar were $2,436 and $2,373 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Notes receivable are includes amounts held by UHF and Pillar (See Note 8 – Notes Notes Receivable). UHF is determined to be a related party due to our significant investment in the performance of the collateral secured by the notes receivable. Interest income on these notes was $4,769 and $5,073 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Interest expense on notes payable to Pillar was $1,395 and $1,915 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

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AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share and square of foot amounts)

(Unaudited)

Related party receivables represents amounts outstanding from Pillar for loans and unreimbursed fees, expenses and costs as provided above.

13. Noncontrolling Interests

The noncontrolling interest represents the third party ownership interest in TCI and Income Opportunity Realty Investors, Inc. ("IOR"). We owned 78.4% of TCI and 81.1% in in IOR during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

14. Deferred Income

In previous years, we sold properties to related parties where we have had continuing involvement in the form of management or financial assistance associated with the sale of the properties. Because of the continuing involvement associated with the sale, the sales criteria for the full accrual method is not met, and as such we deferred some or all of the gain recognition and accounted for the sale by applying the finance, deposit, installment or cost recovery methods, as appropriate, until the sales criteria is met. The gain on these transactions have been deferred until the properties are sold to a non-related third party.

On January 29, 2021, UHF sold El Dorado, a 208 unit multifamily property in McKinney, Texas; Limestone Ranch, a 252 unit multifamily property in Lewisville, Texas; and Marquis, a 276 unit multifamily property in Lewisville, Texas to a non-related third party. As a result, we recognized a gain of $10,026 that had been previously deferred upon our sale of these properties to UHF.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had deferred gain of $9,791 and $19,821, respectively.

15. Income Taxes

We are part of a tax sharing and compensating agreement with respect to federal income taxes with ARL. In accordance with the agreement, our expense (benefit) in each year is calculated based on the amount of losses absorbed by taxable income multiplied by the maximum statutory tax rate of 21%.

The following table summarizes our income tax provision:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Current	$	40	$	247
Deferred	—		—
	$	40	$	247

The 2020 and 2019 effective tax rate is driven primarily by the passing of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act by congress on December 22, 2017.  This act reduced the statutory tax rate for corporations to 21%, starting in 2019. As a result, our tax assets were remeasured to reflect the new tax rate for future years with the impact on the 2018 provision for income taxes.

16. Comittments and Contigencies

We believes that we will generate excess cash from property operations in the next twelve months; such excess, however, might not be sufficient to discharge all of our obligations as they become due. We intend to sell income-producing assets, refinance real estate and obtain additional borrowings primarily secured by real estate to meet our liquidity requirements.

We were the primary guarantor, on a $24,300 mezzanine loan between UHF and a lender. The guarantee was removed on January 29, 2021, concurrent with the repayment of the loan by UHF.

We are the defendant in ongoing litigation with Mr. David Clapper and related entities (collectively, "Clapper”) regarding a multifamily property transaction that occurred in 1988. In March 2016, the court ruled in favor of Clapper and awarded them approximately $59,000. We appealed the ruling, and the appellate court remanded the case to trial that began in May 2021.

17

AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share and square of foot amounts)

(Unaudited)

We were the plaintiff in a lawsuit against Dynex Commercial, Inc. (“Dynex”) for failure to fulfill certain loan commitments. In January 2015, the court awarded us with a judgment of $24,800. We are pursuing all legal means to collect this award. However, due to the uncertainty of the collectability of the award, the receivable has been fully reserved.

In February 2019, we were charged in a lawsuit brought by Paul Berger (“Berger”) that alleges that we a completed improper sales and/or transfers of property with IOR. Berger requests that we pay off various related party loans to IOR and that IOR then distribute the funds to its shareholders. We intend to vigorously defend against the allegations.

In connection with the formation of VAA, ten of the properties that we contributed to the joint venture are subject to an earn-out provision that provides for a remeasurement of the value of those properties after a two-year period following the completion of construction. As of March 31, 2021, we have recorded a liability of $10,000, which we believe is the amount that will be required to settle our obligation. We have been unable to reach agreement with our joint venture partner on the remeasured value. As a result, the parties have filed for arbitration in accordance with the joint venture agreement.

17 Subsequent Events

The date to which events occurring after March 31, 2021, the date of the most recent balance sheet, have been evaluated for possible adjustment to the consolidated financial statements or disclosure is May 13, 2021, which is the date on which the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.

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ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis by management should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Quarterly Report”) and in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “Annual Report”).

This Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, principally, but not only, under the captions “Business”, “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”. We caution investors that any forward-looking statements in this report, or which management may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on management’s beliefs and on assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “might”, “plan”, “estimate”, “project”, “should”, “will”, “result” and similar expressions which do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. We caution you that, while forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs when we make them, they are not guarantees of future performance and are impacted by actual events when they occur after we make such statements. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which are based on results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.

Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

•general risks affecting the real estate industry (including, without limitation, the inability to enter into or renew leases, dependence on tenants’ financial condition, and competition from other developers, owners and operators of real estate);

•risks associated with the availability and terms of construction and mortgage financing and the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments;

•demand for apartments and commercial properties in our markets and the effect on occupancy and rental rates;

•Our ability to obtain financing, enter into joint venture arrangements in relation to or self-fund the development or acquisition of properties;

•risks associated with the timing and amount of property sales and the resulting gains/losses associated with such sales;

•failure to manage effectively our growth and expansion into new markets or to integrate acquisitions successfully

•risks and uncertainties affecting property development and construction (including, without limitation, construction delays, cost overruns, inability to obtain necessary permits and public opposition to such activities);

•risks associated with downturns in the national and local economies, increases in interest rates, and volatility in the securities markets;

•costs of compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other similar laws and regulations;

•potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental contamination;

•risks associated with our dependence on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed; and

•the other risk factors identified in this Form 10-Q, including those described under the caption “Risk Factors.”

The risks included here are not exhaustive. Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements, include among others, the factors listed and described at Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” Annual Report on Form 10-K, which investors should review.

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We continue to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of our business and our property portfolio. While we did not incur significant disruptions during the three months ended March 31, 2021 from the COVID-19 pandemic, we are unable to predict the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows due to numerous uncertainties. These uncertainties include the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact and the direct and indirect economic effects of the pandemic and containment measures, among others. The pandemic is having a significant impact on the U.S. economy and on the local markets in which our properties are located. Nearly every industry has been impacted directly or indirectly, and the commercial real estate market has come under pressure due to numerous factors, including preventative measures taken by local, state and federal authorities to alleviate the public health crisis such as mandatory business closures, quarantines, and restrictions on travel and “shelter-in-place” or “stay-at-home” orders.

Management's Overview

We are an externally advised and managed real estate investment company that owns a diverse portfolio of income-producing properties and land held for development throughout the Southern United States. Our portfolio of income-producing properties includes residential apartment communities, office buildings and other commercial properties. Our investment strategy includes acquiring existing income-producing properties as well as developing new properties on land already owned or acquired for a specific development project.

Our operations are managed by Pillar Income Asset Management, Inc. (“Pillar”) in accordance with an Advisory Agreement. Pillar’s duties include, but are not limited to, locating, evaluating and recommending real estate and real estate-related investment opportunities. Pillar also arranges our debt and equity financing with third party lenders and investors. We have no employees. Employees of Pillar render services to us in accordance with the terms of the Advisory Agreement. Pillar is considered to be a related party due to its common ownership with American Realty Investors, Inc. (“ARL”), who is our controlling shareholder.

The following is a summary of our recent acquisition, disposition, financing and development activities:

Acquisitions and Dispositions

•On March 5, 2020, we acquired a 49.2 acres land parcel in Kent, Ohio for $5.4 million that was funded by a $2.0 million cash payment and a $3.4 million note payable that bears interest at 10% and matures on November 13, 2024.

•On May 1, 2020, we sold Villager, a 33 unit multifamily property in Fort Walton, Florida for $2.4 million, resulting in a gain on sale of $1.0 million.

•On July 16, 2020, we sold Farnham Park, a 144 unit multifamily property in Port Arthur, Texas for $13.3 million, resulting in a gain on sale of $2.7 million.

•On September 14, 2020, we sold Bridge View Plaza, a retail property in La Crosse, Wisconsin for $5.3 million, resulting in a gain on sale of $4.6 million.

•On March 30, 2021, we sold a 50% ownership interest in Overlook at Allensville Phase II, a 144 unit multifamily property in Sevierville, Tennessee to Macquarie bank for $2.6 million resulting in gain on sale of assets of $1.4 million. Concurrent with the sale, we each contributed our 50% ownership interests into VAA.

•During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we sold a total of 32.2 acres of land from our holdings in Windmill Farms for $9.1 million, in aggregate, resulting in gains on sale of $3.7 million. In addition, we sold 5.7 acres of land from our holdings in Mercer Crossing during the three months ended March 31, 2021 for $3.3 million, resulting in a gain on sale of $2.3 million.

Financing Activities

•On February 15, 2018, we issued $39.2 million in Series B bonds (See Note 11 in our consolidated financial statements) that bear interest at 6.80% and mature on July 31, 2025. The proceeds were used to fund development activity, pay down debt and other general corporate purposes.

•On July 19, 2018, we issued an additional $19.8 million of Series B bonds (See Note 11 in our consolidated financial statements) in a private placement. We used the proceeds from the issuance to fund our development activities.

20

•On July 28, 2019, we paid off the $41.5 million mortgage note payable on Browning Place, which resulted in a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $5.2 million. Concurrent with the repayment of the mortgage note payable, we issued $78.1 million of Series C bonds (See Note 11 in our consolidated financial statements), which are collateralized by Browning Place, bear interest at 4.65% and mature on January 31, 2023.

•On November 30, 2020, issued $19.7 million in additional Series A bonds (See Note 11 in our consolidated financial statements) for $18.8 million in net proceeds. We used the proceeds to fund in part our bond payments that were due on January 30, 2021.

•On December 3, 2020, we extended our $14.7 million loan from HSW Partners to June 17, 2021.

•On March 2, 2021, we extended our $1.2 million loan on Athens to August 28, 2022.

•On March 4, 2021, we extended the maturity of our $8.8 million loan on Windmill Farms until February 28, 2023 at a reduced interest rate of 5%.

Development Activities

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we completed the construction of Parc at Denham Springs Phase II and Sugar Mill Phase III for a total cost of $17.2 million and $14.2 million, respectively.

Our current developments projects at March 31, 2021, are as follow: (dollars in thousands)

Property	Location	No. of Units	Costs to Date (1)		Total Projected Costs (1)
Athens	Athens, AL	232	289		34,800
Heritage McKinney	McKinney, TX	170	318		24,650
Total		402	$	607	$	59,450

(1) Costs include construction hard costs, construction soft costs and loan borrowing costs.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Some of these estimates and assumptions include judgments on revenue recognition, estimates for common area maintenance and real estate tax accruals, provisions for uncollectible accounts, impairment of long-lived assets, the allocation of purchase price between tangible and intangible assets, capitalization of costs and fair value measurements. Our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our notes to the consolidated financial statements. However, the following policies are deemed to be critical.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We apply the guidance in ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, to the valuation of real estate assets. These provisions define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in a transaction between market participants at the measurement date, establish a hierarchy that prioritizes the information used in developing fair value estimates and require disclosure of fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable data (Level 3 measurements), such as the reporting entity’s own data.

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The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date and includes three levels defined as follows:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices for identical and unrestricted assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Related Parties

We apply ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations”, to evaluate business relationships. Related parties are persons or entities who have one or more of the following characteristics, which include entities for which investments in their equity securities would be required, trust for the benefit of persons including principal owners of the entities and members of their immediate families, management personnel of the entity and members of their immediate families and other parties with which the entity may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the decision making of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing our own separate interests, or affiliates of the entity.

Results of Operations

Many of the variations in the results of operations, discussed below, occurred because of the transactions affecting our properties described above, including those related to the Lease-Up Properties and the Disposition Properties (each as defined below).

For purposes of the discussion below, we define "Same Properties" as those properties that are substantially leased-up and in operation for the entirety of both periods of the comparison. Non-Same Properties for comparison purposes include those properties that have been recently constructed or leased-up (“Lease-up Properties”) and properties that have been disposed of ("Disposition Properties"). A developed property is considered leased-up, when it achieves occupancy of 80% or more.We move a property in and out of Same Properties based on whether the property is substantially leased-up and in operation for the entirety of both periods of the comparison. Accordingly, the Same Properties consist of all properties, excluding the Lease-up Properties and the Disposition Properties for the periods of comparison.

For the comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2021 to the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Lease-up Properties are Forest Grove, Parc at Denham Springs Phase II and Sugar Mill Phase III; and the Disposition Properties are Bridge View Plaza, Farnham Park, Villager and Overlook at Allensville Phase II.

22

The following table shows the total number of income-producing properties, and other key financial measures as of March 31, 2021 and 2020:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		Variance
Multifamily Segment
Revenue	$	3,836	$	3,556	$	280
Operating expenses	(2,123)		(1,945)		(178)
	1,713		1,611		102
Commercial Segment
Revenue	6,525		7,886		(1,361)
Operating expenses	(3,709)		(4,364)		655
	2,816		3,522		(706)
Segment operating  income	4,529		5,133		(604)
Other non-segment items of income (expense)
Depreciation and amortization	(3,327)		(3,394)		67
General, administrative and advisory	(5,671)		(6,665)		994
Interest, net	(2,094)		(3,848)		1,754
Gain on foreign currency transactions	7,617		7,843		(226)
Gain sale or write down of assets	17,398		4,138		13,260
Income (loss) from joint ventures	3,336		(260)		3,596
Other income	1,427		1,441		(14)
Net income	$	23,215	$	4,388	$	18,827

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2021 to the three months ended March 31, 2020:

Our $18.1 million increase in net income during the three months ended March 31, 2021 is primarily attributed to the following:

•The $0.1 million increase in operating profits in our multifamily segment is primarily due a $0.4 million increase at our Lease-Up Properties offset in part by a $0.3 million decrease at our Disposition Properties.

•The $0.7 million increase in operating profits in our commercial segment is primarily due to a $0.9 million decrease in revenue at at Browning Place due to a decline in occupancy. On December 31, 2020, we terminated our lease with a tenant that occupied approximately 25% of the building. Our replacement tenant, which will take possession of this space in the second quarter of 2021.

•The $13.3 million increase in gain on sale of assets is due to the $11.4 million gain on sale of multifamily properties in 2021 and a $1.8 million increase in gain on sales of land. The gain on sale of multifamily properties is due to the $1.4 million gain sale of Overlook at Allensville Phase II (See "Acquisitions and Dispositions" in Management's Overview);and the $10.0 million gain on properties that had been previously been deferred (See Note 7 - Real Estate Activity of our consolidated financial statements).

•The $3.7 million decrease in loss from joint ventures is due to the increased in occupancy of the various lease-up properties at VAA.

23

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of cash have been, and will continue to be, property operations; proceeds from land and income-producing property sales; collection of mortgage notes receivable; collections of receivables from related companies; refinancing of existing mortgage notes payable; and additional borrowings, including mortgage notes and bonds payable, and lines of credit.

Our principal liquidity needs are to fund normal recurring expenses; meet debt service and principal repayment obligations including balloon payments on maturing debt; fund capital expenditures, including tenant improvements and leasing costs; fund development costs not covered under construction loans; and fund possible property acquisitions.

We anticipate that our cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2021, along with cash that will be generated in the remainder of 2021 from notes and interest receivables, will be sufficient to meet all of our cash requirements. We intend to selectively sell land and income-producing assets, refinance or extend real estate debt and seek additional borrowings secured by real estate to meet our liquidity requirements. Although history cannot predict the future, historically, we have been successful at refinancing and extending a portion of our current maturity obligations.

The following summary discussion of our cash flows is based on the consolidated statements of cash flows in Part II, Item 8. “Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and is not meant to be an all-inclusive discussion of the changes in our cash flows for the periods presented below (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		Incr /(Decr)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	(1,449)	$	(11,602)	$	10,153
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	14,645	$	5,434	$	9,211
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	$	(25,155)	$	(9,039)	$	(16,116)

The increase in cash from operating activities is primarily due to the $3.5 million increase in cash provided by change in other assets and $3.2 million from distributions of income from VAA in 2021.

The increase in cash provided by investing activities is primarily due to a $8.8 million increase in proceeds from sale of assets, a decrease of $2.8 million from development and renovation of real estate and an increase of $2.2 million from the the distributions from VAA offset in part by a $9.7 million increase in originations and advances on notes receivable. The increase in cash proceeds on sale of assets is due to an increase in the sale of land at Windmill Farms and Mercer Crossing in 2021.

Cash used in financing activities is primarily due to a $11.0 million increase in payments of mortgages, notes and bonds payable and $5.1 million in proceeds from mortgages, notes and bonds payable received in 2020.

Funds From Operations ("FFO")

We use FFO in addition to net income to report our operating and financial results and considers FFO and FFO-diluted as supplemental measures for the real estate industry and a supplement to GAAP measures. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("Nareit") defines FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of properties, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization, impairment write-downs of real estate and write-downs of investments in an affiliate where the write-downs have been driven by a decrease in the value of real estate held by the affiliate and after adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis. We also present FFO excluding the impact of the effects of foreign currency translation.

FFO and FFO on a diluted basis are useful to investors in comparing operating and financial results between periods. This is especially true since FFO excludes real estate depreciation and amortization, as we believe real estate values fluctuate based on market conditions rather than depreciating in value ratably on a straight-line basis over time. We believe that such a presentation also provides investors with a meaningful measure of our operating results in comparison to the operating results of other real estate companies. In addition, we believe that FFO excluding gain (loss) from foreign currency transactions provide useful supplemental information regarding our performance as they show a more meaningful and consistent comparison of our operating performance and allows investors to more easily compare our results.

24

We believe that FFO does not represent cash flow from operations as defined by GAAP, should not be considered as an alternative to net income as defined by GAAP, and is not indicative of cash available to fund all cash flow needs. We also caution that FFO, as presented, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other real estate companies.

We compensate for the limitations of FFO by providing investors with financial statements prepared according to GAAP, along with this detailed discussion of FFO and a reconciliation of net income to FFO and FFO-diluted. We believe that to further understand our performance, FFO should be compared with our reported net income and considered in addition to cash flows in accordance with GAAP, as presented in our consolidated financial statements.

The following reconciles our net income attributable to FFO and FFO-basic and diluted, excluding gain from foreign currency transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (dollars and shares in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Net income attributable to the Company	$	18,068	$	2,946
Depreciation and amortization on consolidated assets	3,327		3,394
Gain on sale or write down of assets	(17,398)		(4,138)
Gain on sale of land	5,957		4,138
Depreciation and amortization on unconsolidated joint ventures at pro rata share	(1,870)		375
FFO-Basic and Diluted	8,084		6,715
Gain on foreign currency transaction	(7,617)		(7,843)
FFO-adjusted	$	467	$	(1,128)

ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS

Optional and not included.

ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Based on an evaluation by our management (with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer), as of the end of the period covered by this report, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II.    OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The ownership of property and provision of services to the public as tenants entails an inherent risk of liability. Although we are involved in various items of litigation incidental to and in the ordinary course of our business, in the opinion of management, the outcome of such litigation will not have a material adverse impact upon our financial condition, results of operation or liquidity.

25

ITEM 1A    RISK FACTORS

Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the 2020 10-K. For a discussion on these risk factors, please see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” contained in the 2020 10-K.

Risks Related to COVID-19 Pandemic

We continue to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of our business and our property portfolio. While we did not incur significant disruptions during the three months ended March 31, 2021 from the COVID-19 pandemic, we are unable to predict the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows due to numerous uncertainties. These uncertainties include the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact and the direct and indirect economic effects of the pandemic and containment measures, among others. Nearly every industry has been impacted directly or indirectly, and the commercial real estate market has come under pressure due to numerous factors, including preventative measures taken by local, state and federal authorities to alleviate the public health crisis such as mandatory business closures, quarantines, and restrictions on travel and “shelter-in-place” or “stay-at-home” orders. The future impact of COVID-19 on our business and financial activities will depend on future developments, which at this stage are unpredictable considering the fluctuations of COVID-19 outbreaks and the resulting changes in the markets.

ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

We have a program that allows for the repurchase program of up to 1,250,000 shares. There were no shares purchased under this program during the three months ended March 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2021, 986,750 shares have been purchased and 263,250 shares may be purchased under the program.

ITEM 3.    DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None

ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION

None

26

ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated by reference as indicated below:

Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibit
3.0	Certificate of Restatement of Articles of Incorporation of American Realty Investors, Inc. dated August 3, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.0 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000).
3.1	Certificate of Correction of Restated Articles of Incorporation of American Realty Investors, Inc. dated August 29, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated September 30, 2000).
3.2	Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of American Realty Investors, Inc. decreasing the number of authorized shares of and eliminating Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock dated August 23, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003).
3.3	Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of American Realty Investors, Inc., decreasing the number of authorized shares of and eliminating Series I Cumulative Preferred Stock dated October 1, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003).
3.4	Bylaws of American Realty Investors, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed December 30, 1999).
4.1	Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Relative Participating or Optional or Other Special Rights, and Qualifications, Limitations or Restrictions Thereof of Series F Redeemable Preferred Stock of American Realty Investors, Inc., dated June 11, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001).
4.2	Certificate of Withdrawal of Preferred Stock, Decreasing the Number of Authorized Shares of and Eliminating Series F Redeemable Preferred Stock, dated June 18, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.0 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002).
4.3	Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of the Series I Cumulative Preferred Stock of American Realty Investors, Inc., dated February 3, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002).
4.4	Certificate of Designation for Nevada Profit Corporations designating the Series J 8% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock as filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on March 16, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K for event of March 16, 2006).
4.5	Certificate of Designation for Nevada Profit Corporation designating the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock as filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on May 6, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Registrant’s current report on form 8-K for event of May 7, 2013).
10.1	Advisory Agreement between American Realty Investors, Inc. and Pillar Income Asset Management, Inc., dated April 30, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 2, 2011).
10.2	Second Amendment to Modification of Stipulation of Settlement dated October 17, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, dated February 24, 2002).
31.1*	Certification by the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and 15d-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1*	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document

27

101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Filed herewith.

28

SIGNATURE PAGE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.
Date: May 13, 2021	By:	/s/ Erik L. Johnson
		Erik L. Johnson Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Executive and Financial Officer)

29

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Erik L. Johnson, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of American Realty Investors, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the period presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officers(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal controls over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluations; and

(d)Disclosed in the report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officers(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 13, 2021	By:	/s/ Erik L. Johnson
		Erik L. Johnson Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Executive and Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The undersigned officer of American Realty Investors, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”) hereby certifies that:

(i)The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2021 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(ii)The information contained in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2021 fairly presents in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company, at and for the period indicated.

	AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.
Date: May 13, 2021	By:	/s/ Erik L. Johnson
		Erik L. Johnson Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Executive and Financial Officer)

XML

Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	May 13, 2021
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2021
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-09240
Entity Registrant Name	AMERICAN REALTY INVESTORS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NV
Entity Tax Identification Number	94-6565852
Entity Address, Address Line One	1603 Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 800
Entity Address, City or Town	Dallas
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	75234
City Area Code	469
Local Phone Number	522-4200
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	ARL
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		16,152,043
Entity Central Index Key	0001102238
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2021

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Assets
Real estate, net	$ 351,120	$ 377,383
Notes receivable (including $75,135 and $70,375 at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, from related parties)	137,718	130,626
Cash and cash equivalents	53,865	36,814
Restricted cash	21,196	50,206
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures	55,764	60,425
Receivable from related parties	126,810	129,335
Other assets	76,664	80,975
Total assets	823,137	865,764
Liabilities:
Mortgages and notes payable	224,817	242,711
Bonds payable	208,021	237,888
Accounts payable and other liabilities (including $14,724 and $12,488 at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, to related parties)	23,502	27,299
Accrued interest payable	3,385	7,639
Deferred revenue	9,791	19,821
Total liabilities	469,516	535,358
Shareholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, Series A, $2.00 par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized, 1,800,614 shares issued and outstanding	1,801	1,801
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 16,152,043 and 16,209,228 shares issued at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively; and 16,152,043 shares outstanding	162	162
Treasury stock, 57,185 at December 31, 2020	0	(2)
Paid-in capital	62,090	62,092
Retained earnings	190,806	172,738
Total shareholders' equity	254,859	236,791
Non-controlling interest	98,762	93,615
Total equity	353,621	330,406
Total liabilities and partners' capital	$ 823,137	$ 865,764

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Notes and interest receivable	$ 137,718	$ 130,626
Accounts payable and other liabilities	$ 23,502	$ 27,299
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 2.00	$ 2.00
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	15,000,000	15,000,000
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	1,800,614	1,800,614
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)	1,800,614	1,800,614
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	16,152,043	16,209,228
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	16,152,043	16,152,043
Treasury stock (in shares)		57,185
Related Parties
Notes and interest receivable	$ 75,135	$ 70,375
Accounts payable and other liabilities	$ 14,724	$ 12,488

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Income Statement [Abstract]
Rental revenues (including $242 and $221 for three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, from related parties)	$ 10,361	$ 11,442
Other income	1,467	1,688
Total revenues	11,828	13,130
Property operating expenses (including $382 and $242 for three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, from related parties)	5,832	6,309
Depreciation and amortization	3,327	3,394
General and administrative (including $1,670 and $1,133 for three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, from related parties)	3,235	4,292
Advisory fee to related party	2,436	2,373
Total operating expenses	14,830	16,368
Net operating loss	(3,002)	(3,238)
Interest income (including $4,769 and $5,073 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, from related parties)	5,644	5,754
Interest expense (including $1,395 and $1,915 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, from related parties)	(7,738)	(9,602)
(Loss) gain on foreign currency transactions	7,617	7,843
Equity in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures	3,336	(260)
Gain on sale or write-down of assets, net	17,398	4,138
Income tax expense	(40)	(247)
Net income	23,215	4,388
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(5,147)	(1,442)
Net income loss attributable to the Company	$ 18,068	$ 2,946
Earnings per share - basic
Basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.12	$ 0.18
Weighted average common shares used in computing earnings per share
Basic and diluted (in shares)	16,152,043	15,997,076

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Rental revenues	$ 10,361	$ 11,442
Property operating expenses	5,832	6,309
General and administrative	3,235	4,292
Interest income	5,644	5,754
Interest expense	7,738	9,602
Affiliate
Rental revenues	242	221
Property operating expenses	382	242
General and administrative	1,670	1,133
Interest income	4,769	5,073
Interest expense	$ 1,395	$ 1,915

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Parent	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Noncontrolling Interest
Balance at beginning at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 296,516	$ 239,499	$ 3,601	$ 164	$ (6,395)	$ 78,421	$ 163,708	$ 57,017
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	4,388	2,946					2,946	1,442
Balance at ending at Mar. 31, 2020	300,904	242,445	3,601	164	(6,395)	78,421	166,654	58,459
Balance at beginning at Dec. 31, 2020	330,406	236,791	1,801	162	(2)	62,092	172,738	93,615
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Cancellation of treasury shares	0				2	(2)
Net income	23,215	18,068					18,068	5,147
Balance at ending at Mar. 31, 2021	$ 353,621	$ 254,859	$ 1,801	$ 162	$ 0	$ 62,090	$ 190,806	$ 98,762

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Cash Flow From Operating Activities:
Net income	$ 23,215	$ 4,388
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Gain on sale or write down of assets	(17,398)	(4,138)
Gain on foreign currency transactions	(7,617)	(7,843)
Depreciation and amortization	3,953	4,325
Provision for bad debts	(1,017)	(542)
Equity in (income ) loss from unconsolidated joint ventures	(3,336)	260
Distribution of income from unconsolidated joint ventures	3,157	0
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of dispositions:
Other assets	2,981	(544)
Related party receivables	2,525	(151)
Accrued interest payable	(4,244)	(3,193)
Accrued interest payable	(3,668)	(4,164)
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,449)	(11,602)
Cash Flow From Investing Activities:
Collection of notes receivable	9,373	5,042
Originations and advances on notes receivable	(10,448)	(768)
Acquisition of real estate	0	(2,000)
Development and renovation of real estate	(4,978)	(7,742)
Deferred leasing costs	(755)	0
Proceeds from sale of assets	14,434	5,638
Contribution to unconsolidated joint ventures	(411)	0
Distribution from unconsolidated joint ventures	7,430	5,264
Net cash provided by investing activities	14,645	5,434
Cash Flow From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from mortgages, other notes and bonds payable	0	5,114
Payments on mortgages, other notes and bonds payable	(25,133)	(14,153)
Debt extinguishment costs	0	0
Deferred financing costs	(22)	0
Preferred stock dividends	0	0
Net cash used in financing activities	(25,155)	(9,039)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(11,959)	(15,207)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	87,020	83,311
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$ 75,061	$ 68,104

XML

Organization

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization

Organization

As used herein, the terms “the Company”, “we”, “our” or “us” refer to American Realty Investors, Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was formed in 1999. Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol (“ARL”) and over 90% of our stock is owned by related party entities.

Our primary business is the acquisition, development and ownership of income-producing multifamily and commercial properties. In addition, we opportunistically acquire land for future development in in-fill or high-growth suburban markets. From time to time and when we believe it appropriate to do so, we will also sell land and income-producing properties. We generate revenues by leasing apartment units to residents, and leasing office, industrial and retail space to various for-profit businesses as well as certain local, state and federal agencies. We also generate revenues from gains on sales of income-producing properties and land.

We own approximately 78.4% of Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc. ("TCI") and substantially all of our operations are conducted through TCI, whose common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “TCI”. Accordingly, we include TCI’s financial results in our consolidated financial statements. Substantially all of TCI's assets are held by its wholly-owned subsidiary, Southern Properties Capital Ltd. (“SPC”), which was formed for the purpose of raising funds by issuing non-convertible bonds that are listed and traded on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange ("TASE").

At March 31, 2021, our portfolio of income-producing properties consisted of:

●     Six commercial properties consisting of five office buildings and 1 retail property comprising in aggregate of approximately 1,575,685 square feet;

●    Nine multifamily properties owned directly by us comprising in 1,492 units, excluding apartments being developed;

●    Approximately 1,922 acres of developed and undeveloped land; and

●    Fifty-two multifamily properties totaling 10,032 units owned by our 50% owned investment in VAA.

Our day to day operations are managed by Pillar Income Asset Management, Inc. (“Pillar”). Their duties include, but are not limited to, locating, evaluating and recommending real estate and real estate-related investment opportunities and arranging debt and equity financing with third party lenders and investors. All of the Companies employees are Pillar employees. Our commercial properties are managed by Regis Realty Prime, LLC (“Regis”). Regis provides leasing, construction management and brokerage services. Our multifamily properties are managed by outside management companies. Pillar and Regis are considered to be related parties (See Note 12 – Related Party Transactions).

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations, although management believes the disclosures are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring matters) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Certain 2020 consolidated financial statement amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

We consolidate entities in which we are considered to be the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) or have a majority of the voting interest of the entity. We have determined that we are a primary beneficiary of the VIE when we have (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impacts its economic performance, and (ii) the obligations to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary, we consider qualitative and quantitative factors, including ownership interest, management representation, ability to control decision and other contractual rights.

We account for entities in which we have less than a controlling financial interest or entities where we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary under the equity method of accounting. Accordingly, we include our share of the net earnings or losses of these entities in our results of operations.

Newly Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The standard provides guidance, optional expedients and exceptions that reference London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. The standard was effective upon issuance and can be applied through December 31, 2022. We have mortgage notes payable with interest rates that reference LIBOR, and therefore, we will adopt this standard when LIBOR is discontinued.

On April 10, 2020, the FASB issued a Staff Q&A (“Q&A”) related to the application of the lease guidance in ASC 842 for the accounting impact of lease concessions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Q&A, allows an entity to make an election to account for lease concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 as though enforceable rights and obligations for those concessions existed. As a result of this election, an entity will not have to analyze each lease to determine whether enforceable rights and obligations for concessions exist in the lease and can elect to apply or not apply the lease modification guidance in ASC 842, as long as the concessions do not result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or the obligations of the lessee. Our adoption of the guidance of the Q&A did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

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Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) have been computed by dividing net income available to common shares, adjusted for preferred dividends, by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Shares issued during the period shall be weighted for the portion of the period that they were outstanding.

The following table details our basic and diluted earnings per common share calculation:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Net income	$	23,215	$	4,388
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	(5,147)		(1,442)
Net income loss attributable to the Company	$	18,068	$	2,946
Weighted-average common shares outstanding — basic and diluted	16,152,043		15,997,076
EPS - attributable to common shares — basic and diluted	$	1.12	$	0.18

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following presents the schedule of interest paid and other supplemental cash flow information:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Cash paid for interest	$	9,713	$	13,090
Cash - Beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents	$	36,814	$	51,228
Restricted cash	50,206		32,083
	$	87,020	$	83,311
Cash - End of Period
Cash and cash equivalents	$	53,865	$	39,946
Restricted cash	21,196		28,158
	$	75,061	$	68,104
Proceeds from mortgages, notes and bonds payable
Proceeds from mortgages and notes payable	$	—	$	5,114
Proceeds from bonds	—		—
	$	—	$	5,114
Payment of mortgages, notes and bonds payable
Recurring payment on mortgages and notes payable	$	2,421	$	2,592
Bond payments	22,712		11,561
	$	25,133	$	14,153

The following is a schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Property acquired in exchange for note payable	$	—	$	3,350
Assets contributed to joint venture	18,608		—
Liabilities assumed by joint venture	17,592		—

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Operating Segments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Operating Segments

Operating SegmentsOur segments are based on the internal reporting that we review for operational decision-making purposes. We operate in two reportable segments: (i) the acquisition, development, ownership and management of multifamily apartment communities and (ii) the acquisition, ownership and management of commercial real estate properties. The services for our multifamily segment include rental of apartments and other tenant services, including parking and storage space rental. Asset information by segment is not reported because we do not use this measure to assess performance or make decisions to allocate resources. Therefore, depreciation and amortization expense is not allocated among segments. General and administrative expenses, advisory fees, interest income and interest expense are not included in segment profit as our internal reporting addresses these items on a corporate level.

The following table presents our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Multifamily Segment
Revenues	$	3,836	$	3,556
Operating expenses	(2,123)		(1,945)
Profit from segment	1,713		1,611
Commercial Segment
Revenues	6,525		7,886
Operating expenses	(3,709)		(4,364)
Profit from segment	2,816		3,522
Total profit from segments	$	4,529	$	5,133

The table below reflects the reconciliation of total profit from segments to net income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Total profit from segments	$	4,529	$	5,133
Other non-segment items of income (expense)
Depreciation	(3,327)		(3,394)
General and administrative	(3,235)		(4,292)
Advisory fee to related party	(2,436)		(2,373)
Other income	1,467		1,688
Interest income	5,644		5,754
Interest expense	(7,738)		(9,602)
Gain on foreign currency transaction	7,617		7,843
Income (losses) from unconsolidated joint ventures	3,336		(260)
Gain on sales or write-down of assets	17,398		4,138
Income tax expense	(40)		(247)
Net income	$	23,215	$	4,388

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Lease Revenue

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Lease Revenue

Lease RevenueWe lease our multifamily apartment communities and commercial properties under agreements that are classified as operating leases. Our multifamily leases generally includes minimum rents and charges for ancillary services. Our commercial property leases generally included minimum rents and recoveries for property taxes and common area maintenance. Minimum rental revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases.

The following table summarizes the components of rental revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Fixed component	$	9,863	$	10,812
Variable component	498		630
	$	10,361	$	11,442

The following table summarizes the future rental payments to us from under non-cancelable leases. The table exclude multifamily leases, which typically have a term of one-year or less:

2021	$	17,909
2022	21,363
2023	16,003
2024	10,889
2025	6,938
Thereafter	25,566
	$	98,668

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Real Estate Activity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Real Estate [Abstract]

Real Estate Activity

Real Estate Activity

Below is a summary of the real estate owned as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Land	$	48,357	$	50,759
Building and improvements	281,115		297,644
Tenant improvements	30,935		30,935
Construction in progress	73,656		77,891
Total cost	434,063		457,229
Less accumulated deprecation	(84,603)		(82,418)
Total real estate, net	349,460		374,811
Property held for sale	1,660		2,572
Total real estate	$	351,120	$	377,383

The gain (loss) on sale or write-down of assets, net for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 consist of the following:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Land(1)	$	5,957	$	4,138
Residential Properties(2)	11,441		—
	$	17,398	$	4,138

(1)Includes the sale of lots related to our investment in Windmill Farms, Mercer Crossing and other land holdings.

(2)Includes the gain from Overlook at Allensville Phase II transaction (See Note 9 – Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures) and the recognition of gains on various multifamily properties that had been previously been deferred (See Note 14 – Deferred Income).

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Notes Receivable

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Receivables [Abstract]

Notes Receivable

Notes Receivable

The following table summarizes our notes receivable as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

	Carrying value
Property/Borrower	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		Interest Rate		Maturity Date
ABC Land and Development, Inc.	$	4,408	$	4,408	9.50	%	6/30/21
ABC Paradise, LLC	1,210		1,210		9.50	%	6/30/21
Autumn Breeze(1)	2,102		1,867		5.00	%	7/1/22
Bellwether Ridge(1)	3,971		3,858		5.00	%	11/1/21
Forest Pines(1)	2,872		2,869		5.00	%	11/1/22
Lake Wales	3,000		3,000		9.50	%	6/30/21
Legacy Pleasant Grove	496		496		12.00	%	10/23/22
McKinney Ranch	4,554		4,554		6.00	%	9/15/22
One Realco Land Holding, Inc.	1,728		1,728		9.50	%	6/30/21
Parc at Ingleside(1)	2,670		2,523		5.00	%	12/1/21
Parc at Opelika(1)	1,698		—		10.00	%	1/13/23
Parc at Windmill Farms(1)	7,937		7,803		5.00	%	11/1/22
Phillips Foundation for Better Living, Inc.(2)	—		61		12.00	%	3/31/23
Phillips Foundation for Better Living, Inc.(2)	1,009		—		12.00	%	3/31/24
Plum Tree(1)	1,102		857		5.00	%	4/26/26
Riverview on the Park Land, LLC	1,045		1,045		9.50	%	6/30/21
RNC Portfolio, Inc.	8,853		8,853		5.00	%	9/1/24
Spartan Land	5,907		5,907		12.00	%	1/16/23
Spyglass of Ennis(1)	5,362		5,360		5.00	%	11/1/22
Steeple Crest(1)	6,498		6,498		5.00	%	8/1/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	2,880		2,880		12.00	%	7/31/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	212		212		12.00	%	8/30/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	6,831		6,831		12.00	%	10/31/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	10,401		10,896		12.00	%	12/31/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	10,096		10,096		12.00	%	3/31/22
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	6,990		6,990		12.00	%	3/31/23
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	3,615		3,615		12.00	%	5/31/23
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	23,746		26,209		12.00	%	12/31/32
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	6,525		—		12.00	%	3/31/24
	$	137,718	$	130,626

(1)The note is convertible, at our option, into a 100% ownership interest in the underlying development property, and is collateralized by the underlying development property.

(2) The borrower is determined to be a related party due to our significant investment in the performance of the collateral secured by the notes receivable.

(3) Principal and interest payments on the notes from Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (“UHF”) are funded from surplus cash flow from operations, sale or refinancing of the underlying properties and are cross collateralized to the extent that any surplus cash available from any of the properties underlying the notes.

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Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

On November 19, 2018, we formed the VAA joint venture with the Macquarie Group (“Macquarie”). In connection with the formation of VAA, we sold a 50% ownership interest in certain multifamily properties to Macquarie for a $236,800 cash payment, resulting in a gain on sale of assets of $154,100. We then immediately transferred our respective ownership interests in the multifamily projects ("VAA Portfolio") to VAA in exchange for a 50% voting interest and a 49% profit participation interest ("Class A interest") in VAA and note payable (“Mezzanine Loan”) in accordance with the terms of a contribution agreement (the “Contribution”). Upon completion of the Contribution, VAA owned and controlled 52 multifamily properties. VAA assumed all liabilities of those properties, including mortgage debt insured by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”).

Concurrent with the Contribution, VAA issued Class B interests with a 2% profits participation interest and no voting rights to Daniel J. Moos, our former President and Chief Executive Officer (“Class B Member”). The Class B Member serves as the Manager of VAA.

Interest on the Mezzanine loan is limited to cash generated from the properties and matures concurrently with the termination of VAA. Accordingly, we account for our interest in the Mezzanine Loan as additional equity interest and includes any interest payments accrued as income from unconsolidated joint ventures.

On March 30, 2021, we sold a 50% ownership interest in the special purpose entity that owned Overlook at Allensville Phase II, a 144 unit multifamily property in Sevierville, Tennessee to Macquarie bank for $2,551 resulting in gain on sale of assets of $1,417. Concurrent with the sale, we each contributed our 50% ownership interests into VAA.

We also own a 20% ownership interest in a 20% interest in Gruppa Florentina, LLC ("Milano"), which operates several pizza parlors in Central and Northern California. Milano also has 23 franchised locations, including two operating, under the trade name Angelo & Vito’s Pizzerias.

The following is a summary of our investment in unconsolidated joint ventures:

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets (1)
Real estate	$	1,242,582	$	1,230,197
Other assets	100,206		113,537
Total assets	$	1,342,788	$	1,343,734
Liabilities and Partners Capital (1)
Mortgage notes payable	$	873,579	$	843,522
Mezzanine notes payable	245,356		239,878
Other liabilities	27,921		45,619
Our share of partners' capital	85,842		93,334
Outside partner's capital	110,090		121,381
Total liabilities and partners' capital	$	1,342,788	$	1,343,734
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
Our share of partners' capital	$	122,678	$	93,334
Our share of Mezzanine note payable	85,842		119,939
Basis adjustment (2)	(152,756)		(152,848)
Total investment in unconsolidated joint ventures	$	55,764	$	60,425

(1)    These amounts include the assets of $1,280,899 and $1,279,197 of VAA at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and liabilities of $1,125,391 and $1,106,231 of VAA at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

(2)     We amortize the difference between the cost of our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and the book value of our underlying equity into income on a straight-line basis consistent with the lives of the underlying assets.

The following is a summary of our loss from investments in unconsolidated joint ventures:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Revenue (1)
Rental revenue	$	31,070	$	28,194
Other revenue	15,289		54,803
Total revenue	46,359		82,997
Expenses (1)
Operating expenses	28,039		63,827
Depreciation and amortization	8,062		9,168
Interest	14,175		15,593
Total expenses	50,276		88,588
Net loss	$	(3,917)	$	(5,591)
Our share of net loss in unconsolidated joint ventures	$	3,336	$	(260)

(1)    These amounts include revenue of $32,685 and $29,559 of VAA during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and expenses of $37,457 and $37,453 of VAA during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

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Mortgages and Notes Payable

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Mortgages and Notes Payable

Mortgages and Other Notes Payable

The following table summarizes our mortgages and other notes payable as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

	Carrying value
Property / Entity	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		Effective Interest Rate		Maturity Date
600 Las Colinas	35,396		35,589		5.30	%	11/1/2023
770 South Post Oak	11,816		11,871		4.40	%	6/1/2025
Athens(1)	1,155		1,155		5.90	%	8/28/2022
Chelsea	8,154		8,194		3.40	%	12/1/2050
EQK Portage - Land	3,350		3,350		10.00	%	11/13/2024
HSW Partners	17,802		17,790		9.50	%	6/17/2021
Forest Grove(2)	7,333		7,333		3.75	%	5/5/2024
Landing Bayou	14,584		14,643		3.50	%	9/1/2053
Legacy at Pleasant Grove	13,579		13,653		3.60	%	4/1/2048
McKinney 36 Land	783		820		8.00	%	6/30/2022
New Concept Energy	3,542		3,542		6.00	%	9/30/2021
Overlook at Allensville Phase II(3)	—		15,621		3.80	%	5/1/2059
Parc at Denham Springs Phase II	16,087		16,128		4.10	%	2/1/2060
Stanford Center	39,125		39,093		6.00	%	2/26/2022
Sugar Mill Phase III	9,278		9,298		4.50	%	2/1/2060
Toulon	13,914		13,975		3.20	%	12/1/2051
Villas at Bon Secour	10,226		10,280		4.00	%	1/1/2022
Vista Ridge	9,942		9,979		4.00	%	8/1/2053
Windmill Farms(4)	8,751		10,397		6.00	%	2/28/2023
	$	224,817	$	242,711

(1)    On March 2, 2021, the loan was extended to August 28, 2022.

(2)    The loan bears interest at prime rate plus 0.5%March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

(3)    On March 30, 2021, the loan was assumed by VAA in connection with our contribution of of the underlying property to the joint venture (See Note 9 – Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures).

(4)    On March 4, 2021, the loan was extended to February 28, 2023 at an interest of 5%.

Interest payable at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, was $1,169 and $1,123, respectively. We capitalized interest of $858 and $585 during the years ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

There are various land mortgages, secured by the property, that are in the process of a modification or extension to the original note due to expiration of the loan. We are working with our existing lenders and new lenders to modify, extend the loans before they become due or refinancing the loans with terms that are similar to the existing agreement.

As of March 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all our loan covenants.

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Bonds Payable

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Bonds Payable

Bonds Payable

We have issued three series of nonconvertible bonds ("Bonds') through SPC, which are traded on the TASE. The Bonds are denominated in New Israeli Shekels ("NIS") and provide for semiannual principal and interest payments through maturity.

In connection with the Bonds, we incurred a (loss) gain on foreign currency transactions of $7,617 and $7,843 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The outstanding balance of our Bonds at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 is as follows:

Bond Issuance	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		Interest Rate		Maturity
Series A Bonds(1)	$	76,448	$	95,133	7.30	%	7/31/23
Series B Bonds(2)	56,688		65,318		6.80	%	7/31/25
Series C Bonds(1)	82,484		85,537		4.65	%	1/31/23
	215,620		245,988
Less unamortized deferred issuance costs	(7,599)		(8,100)
	$	208,021	$	237,888

(1)    The bonds are collateralized by the assets of SPC.

(2)    The bonds are collateralized by a trust deed in Browning Place, a 625,297 square foot office building in Farmers Branch, Texas.

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Related Party Transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

We engage in certain business transactions with related parties, including but not limited to asset acquisition and dispositions of real estate. Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s length basis due to the absence of free market forces that naturally exist in business dealings between two or more unrelated entities. Related party transactions may not always be favorable to our business and may include terms, conditions and agreements that are not necessarily beneficial to or in our best interest.

Pillar and Regis are wholly owned by an affiliates of the MRHI, which also owns approximately 90.8% of the Company. Pillar is compensated for advisory services in accordance with an agreement. Regis receives property management fees and leasing commissions in accordance with the terms of its property-level management agreement. In addition, Regis is entitled to receive real estate brokerage commissions in accordance with the terms of a non-exclusive brokerage agreement.

Rental income includes $242 and $221 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for office space leased to Pillar and Regis.

Property operating expense includes $382 and $242 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for management fees on commercial properties payable to Regis.

General and administrative expense includes $1,670 and $1,133 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for employee compensation and other reimbursable costs payable to Pillar.

Advisor fees paid to Pillar were $2,436 and $2,373 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Notes receivable are includes amounts held by UHF and Pillar (See Note 8 – Notes Notes Receivable). UHF is determined to be a related party due to our significant investment in the performance of the collateral secured by the notes receivable. Interest income on these notes was $4,769 and $5,073 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Interest expense on notes payable to Pillar was $1,395 and $1,915 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Related party receivables represents amounts outstanding from Pillar for loans and unreimbursed fees, expenses and costs as provided above.

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Noncontrolling Interests	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
Noncontrolling Interests	Noncontrolling InterestsThe noncontrolling interest represents the third party ownership interest in TCI and Income Opportunity Realty Investors, Inc. ("IOR"). We owned 78.4% of TCI and 81.1% in in IOR during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

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Deferred Income

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue [Abstract]

Deferred Income

Deferred Income

In previous years, we sold properties to related parties where we have had continuing involvement in the form of management or financial assistance associated with the sale of the properties. Because of the continuing involvement associated with the sale, the sales criteria for the full accrual method is not met, and as such we deferred some or all of the gain recognition and accounted for the sale by applying the finance, deposit, installment or cost recovery methods, as appropriate, until the sales criteria is met. The gain on these transactions have been deferred until the properties are sold to a non-related third party.

On January 29, 2021, UHF sold El Dorado, a 208 unit multifamily property in McKinney, Texas; Limestone Ranch, a 252 unit multifamily property in Lewisville, Texas; and Marquis, a 276 unit multifamily property in Lewisville, Texas to a non-related third party. As a result, we recognized a gain of $10,026 that had been previously deferred upon our sale of these properties to UHF.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had deferred gain of $9,791 and $19,821, respectively.

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We are part of a tax sharing and compensating agreement with respect to federal income taxes with ARL. In accordance with the agreement, our expense (benefit) in each year is calculated based on the amount of losses absorbed by taxable income multiplied by the maximum statutory tax rate of 21%.

The following table summarizes our income tax provision:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Current	$	40	$	247
Deferred	—		—
	$	40	$	247

The 2020 and 2019 effective tax rate is driven primarily by the passing of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act by congress on December 22, 2017.  This act reduced the statutory tax rate for corporations to 21%, starting in 2019. As a result, our tax assets were remeasured to reflect the new tax rate for future years with the impact on the 2018 provision for income taxes.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Comittments and Contigencies

We believes that we will generate excess cash from property operations in the next twelve months; such excess, however, might not be sufficient to discharge all of our obligations as they become due. We intend to sell income-producing assets, refinance real estate and obtain additional borrowings primarily secured by real estate to meet our liquidity requirements.

We were the primary guarantor, on a $24,300 mezzanine loan between UHF and a lender. The guarantee was removed on January 29, 2021, concurrent with the repayment of the loan by UHF.

We are the defendant in ongoing litigation with Mr. David Clapper and related entities (collectively, "Clapper”) regarding a multifamily property transaction that occurred in 1988. In March 2016, the court ruled in favor of Clapper and awarded them approximately $59,000. We appealed the ruling, and the appellate court remanded the case to trial that began in May 2021.

We were the plaintiff in a lawsuit against Dynex Commercial, Inc. (“Dynex”) for failure to fulfill certain loan commitments. In January 2015, the court awarded us with a judgment of $24,800. We are pursuing all legal means to collect this award. However, due to the uncertainty of the collectability of the award, the receivable has been fully reserved.

In February 2019, we were charged in a lawsuit brought by Paul Berger (“Berger”) that alleges that we a completed improper sales and/or transfers of property with IOR. Berger requests that we pay off various related party loans to IOR and that IOR then distribute the funds to its shareholders. We intend to vigorously defend against the allegations.

In connection with the formation of VAA, ten of the properties that we contributed to the joint venture are subject to an earn-out provision that provides for a remeasurement of the value of those properties after a two-year period following the completion of construction. As of March 31, 2021, we have recorded a liability of $10,000, which we believe is the amount that will be required to settle our obligation. We have been unable to reach agreement with our joint venture partner on the remeasured value. As a result, the parties have filed for arbitration in accordance with the joint venture agreement.

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Subsequent Events	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent EventsThe date to which events occurring after March 31, 2021, the date of the most recent balance sheet, have been evaluated for possible adjustment to the consolidated financial statements or disclosure is May 13, 2021, which is the date on which the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations, although management believes the disclosures are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring matters) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Certain 2020 consolidated financial statement amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

We consolidate entities in which we are considered to be the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) or have a majority of the voting interest of the entity. We have determined that we are a primary beneficiary of the VIE when we have (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impacts its economic performance, and (ii) the obligations to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary, we consider qualitative and quantitative factors, including ownership interest, management representation, ability to control decision and other contractual rights.

We account for entities in which we have less than a controlling financial interest or entities where we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary under the equity method of accounting. Accordingly, we include our share of the net earnings or losses of these entities in our results of operations.

Newly Issued Accounting Standards

Newly Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The standard provides guidance, optional expedients and exceptions that reference London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. The standard was effective upon issuance and can be applied through December 31, 2022. We have mortgage notes payable with interest rates that reference LIBOR, and therefore, we will adopt this standard when LIBOR is discontinued.

On April 10, 2020, the FASB issued a Staff Q&A (“Q&A”) related to the application of the lease guidance in ASC 842 for the accounting impact of lease concessions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Q&A, allows an entity to make an election to account for lease concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 as though enforceable rights and obligations for those concessions existed. As a result of this election, an entity will not have to analyze each lease to determine whether enforceable rights and obligations for concessions exist in the lease and can elect to apply or not apply the lease modification guidance in ASC 842, as long as the concessions do not result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or the obligations of the lessee. Our adoption of the guidance of the Q&A did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

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Earnings per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share

The following table details our basic and diluted earnings per common share calculation:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Net income	$	23,215	$	4,388
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	(5,147)		(1,442)
Net income loss attributable to the Company	$	18,068	$	2,946
Weighted-average common shares outstanding — basic and diluted	16,152,043		15,997,076
EPS - attributable to common shares — basic and diluted	$	1.12	$	0.18

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash Flow, Supplemental Disclosures

The following presents the schedule of interest paid and other supplemental cash flow information:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Cash paid for interest	$	9,713	$	13,090
Cash - Beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents	$	36,814	$	51,228
Restricted cash	50,206		32,083
	$	87,020	$	83,311
Cash - End of Period
Cash and cash equivalents	$	53,865	$	39,946
Restricted cash	21,196		28,158
	$	75,061	$	68,104
Proceeds from mortgages, notes and bonds payable
Proceeds from mortgages and notes payable	$	—	$	5,114
Proceeds from bonds	—		—
	$	—	$	5,114
Payment of mortgages, notes and bonds payable
Recurring payment on mortgages and notes payable	$	2,421	$	2,592
Bond payments	22,712		11,561
	$	25,133	$	14,153

The following is a schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Property acquired in exchange for note payable	$	—	$	3,350
Assets contributed to joint venture	18,608		—
Liabilities assumed by joint venture	17,592		—

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Operating Segments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Profit by Reportable segment

The following table presents our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Multifamily Segment
Revenues	$	3,836	$	3,556
Operating expenses	(2,123)		(1,945)
Profit from segment	1,713		1,611
Commercial Segment
Revenues	6,525		7,886
Operating expenses	(3,709)		(4,364)
Profit from segment	2,816		3,522
Total profit from segments	$	4,529	$	5,133

Reconciliation of Revenue from Segments to Consolidated

The table below reflects the reconciliation of total profit from segments to net income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Total profit from segments	$	4,529	$	5,133
Other non-segment items of income (expense)
Depreciation	(3,327)		(3,394)
General and administrative	(3,235)		(4,292)
Advisory fee to related party	(2,436)		(2,373)
Other income	1,467		1,688
Interest income	5,644		5,754
Interest expense	(7,738)		(9,602)
Gain on foreign currency transaction	7,617		7,843
Income (losses) from unconsolidated joint ventures	3,336		(260)
Gain on sales or write-down of assets	17,398		4,138
Income tax expense	(40)		(247)
Net income	$	23,215	$	4,388

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Lease Revenue (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Rental Revenue

The following table summarizes the components of rental revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Fixed component	$	9,863	$	10,812
Variable component	498		630
	$	10,361	$	11,442

Schedule of Future Rental Payments

The following table summarizes the future rental payments to us from under non-cancelable leases. The table exclude multifamily leases, which typically have a term of one-year or less:

2021	$	17,909
2022	21,363
2023	16,003
2024	10,889
2025	6,938
Thereafter	25,566
	$	98,668

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Real Estate Activity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Real Estate [Abstract]

Schedule of the Real Estate Owned

Below is a summary of the real estate owned as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Land	$	48,357	$	50,759
Building and improvements	281,115		297,644
Tenant improvements	30,935		30,935
Construction in progress	73,656		77,891
Total cost	434,063		457,229
Less accumulated deprecation	(84,603)		(82,418)
Total real estate, net	349,460		374,811
Property held for sale	1,660		2,572
Total real estate	$	351,120	$	377,383

Schedule Of Gain Loss On Sale Or Write-down Of Assets

The gain (loss) on sale or write-down of assets, net for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 consist of the following:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Land(1)	$	5,957	$	4,138
Residential Properties(2)	11,441		—
	$	17,398	$	4,138

(1)Includes the sale of lots related to our investment in Windmill Farms, Mercer Crossing and other land holdings.

(2)Includes the gain from Overlook at Allensville Phase II transaction (See Note 9 – Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures) and the recognition of gains on various multifamily properties that had been previously been deferred (See Note 14 – Deferred Income).

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Notes Receivable (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Notes Receivable

The following table summarizes our notes receivable as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

	Carrying value
Property/Borrower	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		Interest Rate		Maturity Date
ABC Land and Development, Inc.	$	4,408	$	4,408	9.50	%	6/30/21
ABC Paradise, LLC	1,210		1,210		9.50	%	6/30/21
Autumn Breeze(1)	2,102		1,867		5.00	%	7/1/22
Bellwether Ridge(1)	3,971		3,858		5.00	%	11/1/21
Forest Pines(1)	2,872		2,869		5.00	%	11/1/22
Lake Wales	3,000		3,000		9.50	%	6/30/21
Legacy Pleasant Grove	496		496		12.00	%	10/23/22
McKinney Ranch	4,554		4,554		6.00	%	9/15/22
One Realco Land Holding, Inc.	1,728		1,728		9.50	%	6/30/21
Parc at Ingleside(1)	2,670		2,523		5.00	%	12/1/21
Parc at Opelika(1)	1,698		—		10.00	%	1/13/23
Parc at Windmill Farms(1)	7,937		7,803		5.00	%	11/1/22
Phillips Foundation for Better Living, Inc.(2)	—		61		12.00	%	3/31/23
Phillips Foundation for Better Living, Inc.(2)	1,009		—		12.00	%	3/31/24
Plum Tree(1)	1,102		857		5.00	%	4/26/26
Riverview on the Park Land, LLC	1,045		1,045		9.50	%	6/30/21
RNC Portfolio, Inc.	8,853		8,853		5.00	%	9/1/24
Spartan Land	5,907		5,907		12.00	%	1/16/23
Spyglass of Ennis(1)	5,362		5,360		5.00	%	11/1/22
Steeple Crest(1)	6,498		6,498		5.00	%	8/1/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	2,880		2,880		12.00	%	7/31/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	212		212		12.00	%	8/30/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	6,831		6,831		12.00	%	10/31/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	10,401		10,896		12.00	%	12/31/21
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	10,096		10,096		12.00	%	3/31/22
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	6,990		6,990		12.00	%	3/31/23
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	3,615		3,615		12.00	%	5/31/23
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	23,746		26,209		12.00	%	12/31/32
Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (2)(3)	6,525		—		12.00	%	3/31/24
	$	137,718	$	130,626

(1)The note is convertible, at our option, into a 100% ownership interest in the underlying development property, and is collateralized by the underlying development property.

(2) The borrower is determined to be a related party due to our significant investment in the performance of the collateral secured by the notes receivable.

(3) Principal and interest payments on the notes from Unified Housing Foundation, Inc. (“UHF”) are funded from surplus cash flow from operations, sale or refinancing of the underlying properties and are cross collateralized to the extent that any surplus cash available from any of the properties underlying the notes.

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Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Summary of Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

The following is a summary of our investment in unconsolidated joint ventures:

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets (1)
Real estate	$	1,242,582	$	1,230,197
Other assets	100,206		113,537
Total assets	$	1,342,788	$	1,343,734
Liabilities and Partners Capital (1)
Mortgage notes payable	$	873,579	$	843,522
Mezzanine notes payable	245,356		239,878
Other liabilities	27,921		45,619
Our share of partners' capital	85,842		93,334
Outside partner's capital	110,090		121,381
Total liabilities and partners' capital	$	1,342,788	$	1,343,734
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
Our share of partners' capital	$	122,678	$	93,334
Our share of Mezzanine note payable	85,842		119,939
Basis adjustment (2)	(152,756)		(152,848)
Total investment in unconsolidated joint ventures	$	55,764	$	60,425

(1)    These amounts include the assets of $1,280,899 and $1,279,197 of VAA at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and liabilities of $1,125,391 and $1,106,231 of VAA at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

(2)     We amortize the difference between the cost of our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and the book value of our underlying equity into income on a straight-line basis consistent with the lives of the underlying assets.

The following is a summary of our loss from investments in unconsolidated joint ventures:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Revenue (1)
Rental revenue	$	31,070	$	28,194
Other revenue	15,289		54,803
Total revenue	46,359		82,997
Expenses (1)
Operating expenses	28,039		63,827
Depreciation and amortization	8,062		9,168
Interest	14,175		15,593
Total expenses	50,276		88,588
Net loss	$	(3,917)	$	(5,591)
Our share of net loss in unconsolidated joint ventures	$	3,336	$	(260)

(1)    These amounts include revenue of $32,685 and $29,559 of VAA during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and expenses of $37,457 and $37,453 of VAA during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

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Mortgages and Notes Payable (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

The following table summarizes our mortgages and other notes payable as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

	Carrying value
Property / Entity	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		Effective Interest Rate		Maturity Date
600 Las Colinas	35,396		35,589		5.30	%	11/1/2023
770 South Post Oak	11,816		11,871		4.40	%	6/1/2025
Athens(1)	1,155		1,155		5.90	%	8/28/2022
Chelsea	8,154		8,194		3.40	%	12/1/2050
EQK Portage - Land	3,350		3,350		10.00	%	11/13/2024
HSW Partners	17,802		17,790		9.50	%	6/17/2021
Forest Grove(2)	7,333		7,333		3.75	%	5/5/2024
Landing Bayou	14,584		14,643		3.50	%	9/1/2053
Legacy at Pleasant Grove	13,579		13,653		3.60	%	4/1/2048
McKinney 36 Land	783		820		8.00	%	6/30/2022
New Concept Energy	3,542		3,542		6.00	%	9/30/2021
Overlook at Allensville Phase II(3)	—		15,621		3.80	%	5/1/2059
Parc at Denham Springs Phase II	16,087		16,128		4.10	%	2/1/2060
Stanford Center	39,125		39,093		6.00	%	2/26/2022
Sugar Mill Phase III	9,278		9,298		4.50	%	2/1/2060
Toulon	13,914		13,975		3.20	%	12/1/2051
Villas at Bon Secour	10,226		10,280		4.00	%	1/1/2022
Vista Ridge	9,942		9,979		4.00	%	8/1/2053
Windmill Farms(4)	8,751		10,397		6.00	%	2/28/2023
	$	224,817	$	242,711

(1)    On March 2, 2021, the loan was extended to August 28, 2022.

(2)    The loan bears interest at prime rate plus 0.5%March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

(3)    On March 30, 2021, the loan was assumed by VAA in connection with our contribution of of the underlying property to the joint venture (See Note 9 – Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures).

(4)    On March 4, 2021, the loan was extended to February 28, 2023 at an interest of 5%.

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Bonds Payable (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Bonds Payable

The outstanding balance of our Bonds at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 is as follows:

Bond Issuance	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		Interest Rate		Maturity
Series A Bonds(1)	$	76,448	$	95,133	7.30	%	7/31/23
Series B Bonds(2)	56,688		65,318		6.80	%	7/31/25
Series C Bonds(1)	82,484		85,537		4.65	%	1/31/23
	215,620		245,988
Less unamortized deferred issuance costs	(7,599)		(8,100)
	$	208,021	$	237,888

(1)    The bonds are collateralized by the assets of SPC.

(2)    The bonds are collateralized by a trust deed in Browning Place, a 625,297 square foot office building in Farmers Branch, Texas

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Income Taxes (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Provisions

The following table summarizes our income tax provision:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Current	$	40	$	247
Deferred	—		—
	$	40	$	247

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Organization (Details)	Mar. 31, 2021 a ft² apartment property
Commercial Properties
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Number of real estate properties	6
Area (sq ft) | ft²	1,575,685
Office Building
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Number of real estate properties	5
Retail Site
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Number of real estate properties	1
Apartment Building
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Number of real estate properties	9
Number of units in real estate property | apartment	1,492
Land and Land Improvements
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Area of land (acres) | a	1,922
VAA
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Number of units in real estate property | apartment	10,032
Percentage of ownership in VAA	50.00%
VAA | Apartment Building
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Number of real estate properties	52
ARL | Related Party Entities | Majority shareholder
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Ownership interest	90.00%
TCI
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Ownership interest	78.40%

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Earnings per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income	$ 23,215	$ 4,388
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	(5,147)	(1,442)
Net income loss attributable to the Company	$ 18,068	$ 2,946
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted (in shares)	16,152,043	15,997,076
EPS - attributable to common shares - basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.12	$ 0.18

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Supplemental Cash Flows Information - Noncash Investing and Financing Activities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]
Cash paid for interest	$ 9,713	$ 13,090
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning balance	36,814	51,228
Restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning balance	50,206	32,083
Cash and cash equivalents, ending balance	53,865	39,946
Restricted Cash and cash equivalents, ending balance	21,196	28,158
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	87,020	83,311
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	75,061	68,104
Proceeds from mortgages, notes and bonds payable
Proceeds from mortgages and notes payable	0	5,114
Proceeds from bonds	0	0
Proceeds from mortgages, other notes and bonds payable	0	5,114
Payment of mortgages, notes and bonds payable
Repayments of Notes Payable	2,421	2,592
Bond payments	22,712	11,561
Payments on mortgages, other notes and bonds payable	$ 25,133	$ 14,153

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Supplemental Cash Flows Information - Schedule of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]
Property acquired in exchange for note payable	$ 0	$ 3,350
Assets contributed to joint venture	18,608	0
Liabilities assumed by joint venture	$ 17,592	$ 0

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Operating Segments (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	2

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Operating Segments - Profit by Reportable Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 11,828	$ 13,130
Total profit from segments	(3,002)	(3,238)
Operating segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total profit from segments	4,529	5,133
Operating segments | Multifamily Segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	3,836	3,556
Operating expenses	(2,123)	(1,945)
Profit from segment	1,713	1,611
Operating segments | Commercial Segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	6,525	7,886
Operating expenses	(3,709)	(4,364)
Profit from segment	$ 2,816	$ 3,522

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Operating Segments - Profit by Reportable Segment to Net Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total profit from segments	$ (3,002)	$ (3,238)
Depreciation	(3,953)	(4,325)
General and administrative	(3,235)	(4,292)
Advisory fee to related party	(2,436)	(2,373)
Other income	1,467	1,688
Interest income	5,644	5,754
Interest expense	(7,738)	(9,602)
Gain on foreign currency transaction	7,617	7,843
Equity in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures	3,336	(260)
Gain on sales or write-down of assets	17,398	4,138
Income tax expense	(40)	(247)
Net income	23,215	4,388
Operating segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total profit from segments	4,529	5,133
Other non-segment items of income (expense)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation	(3,327)	(3,394)
General and administrative	(3,235)	(4,292)
Advisory fee to related party	(2,436)	(2,373)
Other income	1,467	1,688
Interest income	5,644	5,754
Interest expense	(7,738)	(9,602)
Gain on foreign currency transaction	7,617	7,843
Equity in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures	3,336	(260)
Gain on sales or write-down of assets	17,398	4,138
Income tax expense	(40)	(247)
Net income	$ 23,215	$ 4,388

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Lease Revenue - Schedule of Rental Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Fixed component	$ 9,863	$ 10,812
Variable component	498	630
Total rental revenue	$ 10,361	$ 11,442

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Lease Revenue - Schedule of Future Rental Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2021	$ 17,909
2022	21,363
2023	16,003
2024	10,889
2025	6,938
Thereafter	25,566
Total	$ 98,668

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Real Estate Activity - Real Estate Investment Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Real Estate [Abstract]
Land	$ 48,357	$ 50,759
Building and improvements	281,115	297,644
Tenant improvements	30,935	30,935
Construction in progress	73,656	77,891
Total cost	434,063	457,229
Less accumulated deprecation	(84,603)	(82,418)
Total real estate, net	349,460	374,811
Property held for sale	1,660	2,572
Total real estate	$ 351,120	$ 377,383

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Real Estate Activity - Schedule of Gain (Loss) on Sale or Write-down of Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Gain on sale or write-down of assets, net	$ 17,398	$ 4,138
Land
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Gain on sale or write-down of assets, net	5,957	4,138
Multifamily
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Gain on sale or write-down of assets, net	$ 11,441	$ 0

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Notes Receivable - Schedule of Notes Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 137,718	$ 130,626
Notes Receivable | ABC Land and Development, Inc.
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 4,408	4,408
Interest Rate	9.50%
Notes Receivable | ABC Paradise, LLC
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 1,210	1,210
Interest Rate	9.50%
Notes Receivable | Autumn Breeze
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 2,102	1,867
Interest Rate	5.00%
Notes Receivable | Bellwether Ridge
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 3,971	3,858
Interest Rate	5.00%
Notes Receivable | Forest Pines
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 2,872	2,869
Interest Rate	5.00%
Notes Receivable | Lake Wales
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 3,000	3,000
Interest Rate	9.50%
Notes Receivable | Legacy Pleasant Grove
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 496	496
Interest Rate	12.00%
Notes Receivable | McKinney Ranch
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 4,554	4,554
Interest Rate	6.00%
Notes Receivable | One Realco Land Holding, Inc.
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 1,728	1,728
Interest Rate	9.50%
Notes Receivable | Parc at Ingleside
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 2,670	2,523
Interest Rate	5.00%
Notes Receivable | Parc at Opelika
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 1,698	0
Interest Rate	10.00%
Notes Receivable | Parc at Windmill Farms
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 7,937	7,803
Interest Rate	5.00%
Ownership interest if note converted	100.00%
Notes Receivable | Phillips Foundation For Better Living Inc., Maturing March 31, 2023
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 0	61
Interest Rate	12.00%
Notes Receivable | Phillips Foundation For Better Living Inc ., Maturing March 31, 2024
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 1,009	0
Interest Rate	12.00%
Notes Receivable | Plum Tree
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 1,102	857
Interest Rate	5.00%
Notes Receivable | Riverview on the Park Land, LLC
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 1,045	1,045
Interest Rate	9.50%
Notes Receivable | RNC Portfolio, Inc.
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 8,853	8,853
Interest Rate	5.00%
Notes Receivable | Spartan Land
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 5,907	5,907
Interest Rate	12.00%
Notes Receivable | Spyglass of Ennis
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 5,362	5,360
Interest Rate	5.00%
Notes Receivable | Steeple Crest
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 6,498	6,498
Interest Rate	5.00%
Notes Receivable | Unified Housing Foundation Inc., Maturing July 31, 2021
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 2,880	2,880
Interest Rate	12.00%
Notes Receivable | Unified Housing Foundation Inc ., Maturing August 30, 2021
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 212	212
Interest Rate	12.00%
Notes Receivable | Unified Housing Foundation Inc., Maturing October 31, 2021
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 6,831	6,831
Interest Rate	12.00%
Notes Receivable | Unified Housing Foundation Inc., Maturing December 31, 2021
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 10,401	10,896
Interest Rate	12.00%
Notes Receivable | Unified Housing Foundation Inc., Maturing March 31, 2022
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 10,096	10,096
Interest Rate	12.00%
Notes Receivable | Unified Housing Foundation Inc., Maturing March 31, 2023
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 6,990	6,990
Interest Rate	12.00%
Notes Receivable | Unified Housing Foundation Inc., Maturing May 31, 2023
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 3,615	3,615
Interest Rate	12.00%
Notes Receivable | Unified Housing Foundation Inc., Maturing December 31, 2032
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 23,746	26,209
Interest Rate	12.00%
Notes Receivable | Unified Housing Foundation Inc., Maturing March 31, 2024
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 6,525	$ 0
Interest Rate	12.00%

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Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended
	Mar. 30, 2021 USD ($) property	Nov. 19, 2018 USD ($) property	Mar. 31, 2021 franchised_location
Overlook At Allensville Phase II Apartments
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership interest sold	50.00%
VAA
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Gain on sale | $	$ 1,417	$ 154,100
Percentage of ownership in VAA			50.00%
VAA | Multifamily | VAA
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Number of real estate properties | property		52
VAA | Multifamily | Overlook At Allensville Phase II Apartments
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Number of real estate properties | property	144
VAA | VAA
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership in VAA	50.00%	50.00%
VAA | VAA | Class A interest
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment profit participation percentage		0.49
VAA | VAA | Class B interest | Profit participation shares issued to Daniel J. Moos (former President and CEO)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment profit participation percentage		0.02
VAA | Milano
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership in VAA			20.00%
VAA | Gruppa Florentina LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Number of franchised locations | franchised_location			23
Macquarie
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership interest sold		50.00%
Proceeds from real estate and real estate joint ventures | $	$ 2,551	$ 236,800

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Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures - Financial Position And Results of Operations From Our Investees (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020
Assets
Real estate	$ 351,120		$ 377,383
Other assets	76,664		80,975
Total assets	823,137		865,764
Liabilities and Equity
Total liabilities and partners' capital	823,137		865,764
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures	55,764		60,425
Liabilities	469,516		535,358
Revenues:
Rental revenues	10,361	$ 11,442
Other income	1,467	1,688
Total revenue	11,828	13,130
Expenses:
Depreciation and amortization	3,953	4,325
Net income	23,215	4,388
Our share of net loss in unconsolidated joint ventures	3,336	(260)
VAA
Liabilities and Equity
Mezzanine notes payable	85,842		119,939
Our share of partners' capital	122,678		93,334
Basis adjustments	(152,756)		(152,848)
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures	55,764		60,425
Revenues:
Rental revenues	31,070	28,194
Other income	15,289	54,803
Total revenue	46,359	82,997
Expenses:
Operating expenses	28,039	63,827
Depreciation and amortization	8,062	9,168
Interest Expense	14,175	15,593
Total expenses	50,276	88,588
Net income	(3,917)	(5,591)
Our share of net loss in unconsolidated joint ventures	3,336	(260)
VAA | VAA
Assets
Total assets	1,280,899		1,279,197
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities	1,125,391		1,106,231
Revenues:
Total revenue	32,685	29,559
Expenses:
Total expenses	37,457	$ 37,453
VAA | Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
Assets
Real estate	1,242,582		1,230,197
Other assets	100,206		113,537
Total assets	1,342,788		1,343,734
Liabilities and Equity
Mortgage notes payable	873,579		843,522
Mezzanine notes payable	245,356		239,878
Other liabilities	27,921		45,619
Our share of partners' capital	85,842		93,334
Outside partner's capital	110,090		121,381
Total liabilities and partners' capital	$ 1,342,788		$ 1,343,734

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Mortgages and Other Notes Payable - Schedule of Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Mar. 04, 2021
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 224,817	$ 242,711
Mortgages and other notes payable | 600 Las Colinas
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 35,396	35,589
Effective Interest Rate	5.30%
Mortgages and other notes payable | 770 South Post Oak
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 11,816	11,871
Effective Interest Rate	4.40%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Athens
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 1,155	1,155
Effective Interest Rate	5.90%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Chelsea
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 8,154	8,194
Effective Interest Rate	3.40%
Mortgages and other notes payable | EQK Portage - Land
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 3,350	3,350
Effective Interest Rate	10.00%
Mortgages and other notes payable | HSW Partners
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 17,802	17,790
Effective Interest Rate	9.50%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Forest Grove
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 7,333	$ 7,333
Effective Interest Rate	3.75%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Forest Grove | Prime Rate
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Variable interest rate	0.50%	0.50%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Landing Bayou
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 14,584	$ 14,643
Effective Interest Rate	3.50%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Legacy at Pleasant Grove
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 13,579	13,653
Effective Interest Rate	3.60%
Mortgages and other notes payable | McKinney 36 Land
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 783	820
Effective Interest Rate	8.00%
Mortgages and other notes payable | New Concept Energy
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 3,542	3,542
Effective Interest Rate	6.00%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Overlook at Allenville Phase II
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 0	15,621
Effective Interest Rate	3.80%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Parc at Denham Springs Phase II
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 16,087	16,128
Effective Interest Rate	4.10%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Stanford Center
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 39,125	39,093
Effective Interest Rate	6.00%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Sugar Mill Phase III
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 9,278	9,298
Effective Interest Rate	4.50%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Toulon
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 13,914	13,975
Effective Interest Rate	3.20%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Villas at Bon Secour
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 10,226	10,280
Effective Interest Rate	4.00%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Vista Ridge
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 9,942	9,979
Effective Interest Rate	4.00%
Mortgages and other notes payable | Windmill Farms
SEC Schedule, 12-29, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]
Mortgages and notes payable	$ 8,751	$ 10,397
Effective Interest Rate	6.00%		5.00%

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Mortgages and Other Notes Payable - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest payable	$ 3,385		$ 7,639
Interest costs capitalized	858	$ 585
Mortgages and other notes payable
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest payable	$ 1,169	$ 1,123

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Bonds Payable - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) bond	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number issued | bond	3
Gain on foreign currency transaction	$ 7,617	$ 7,843
Nonconvertible Bonds
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gain on foreign currency transaction	$ 7,617	$ 7,843

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Bonds Payable - Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) ft²	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Bonds payable	$ 208,021	$ 237,888
Browning Place
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Land collateral (acres) | ft²	625,297
Nonconvertible Bonds
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Bonds	$ 215,620	245,988
Less unamortized deferred issuance costs	(7,599)	(8,100)
Bonds payable	208,021	237,888
Series A Bonds
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Bonds	$ 76,448	95,133
Interest Rate	7.30%
Series B Bonds
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Bonds	$ 56,688	65,318
Interest Rate	6.80%
Series C Bonds
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Bonds	$ 82,484	$ 85,537
Interest Rate	4.65%

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Rental revenues	$ 10,361	$ 11,442
Property operating expenses	5,832	6,309
General and administrative	3,235	4,292
Advisory fee to related party	2,436	2,373
Interest income	5,644	5,754
Interest expense	7,738	9,602
Affiliate
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Rental revenues	242	221
Property operating expenses	382	242
General and administrative	1,670	1,133
Interest income	4,769	5,073
Interest expense	1,395	1,915
Affiliate | Pillar and Regis
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Rental revenues	242	221
Affiliate | Regis
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Property operating expenses	382	242
Affiliate | Pillar
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
General and administrative	1,670	1,133
Advisory fee to related party	2,436	2,373
Interest expense	1,395	1,915
Affiliate | UHF and Pillar
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Interest income	$ 4,769	$ 5,073
Affiliate | ARL | MRHI
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ownership interest	90.80%

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Noncontrolling Interest (Details)	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
TCI
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Ownership interest	78.40%
IOR
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Ownership percentage by noncontrolling owners		81.10%

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Deferred Income (Details) $ in Thousands	Jan. 29, 2021 USD ($) property	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Deferred revenue | $		$ 9,791	$ 19,821
UHF
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Gain on sale | $	$ 10,026
UHF | Multifamily | El Dorado
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Number of real estate properties	208
UHF | Multifamily | Limestone Ranch
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Number of real estate properties	252
UHF | Multifamily | Marquis
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Number of real estate properties	276

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Current	$ 40	$ 247
Deferred	0	0
Income tax provision	$ 40	$ 247

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 30, 2015 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) segment	Jan. 29, 2021 USD ($)
Clapper
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Award settled to other party		$ 59,000
UHF | Payment Guarantee
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Loan guarantee amount				$ 24,300
Dynex | Judgement
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Settlement award	$ 24,800
VAA | VAA
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Contributed properties with earn-out provisions | segment			10
Earn-out Provision, Term			2 years
Liability			$ 10,000