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Income Taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes attributable to geographic locations
Income (loss) before income taxes is attributable to the following geographic locations for the years ended December 31, (in thousands):
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Domestic
$
148,500

 
$
215,010

 
$
123,153

Foreign
138,332

 
(55,151
)
 
87,845

Income from continuing operations before income taxes
$
286,832

 
$
159,859

 
$
210,998
Components of tax benefit (expenses) for income taxes from continuing operations
The tax benefit (expenses) for income taxes consisted of the following components for the years ended December 31, (in thousands):
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
9,346

 
$
(16,365
)
 
$
(85,352
)
State and local
(849
)
 
(2,147
)
 
(3,984
)
Foreign
(109,032
)
 
(62,278
)
 
(27,090
)
Subtotal
(100,535
)
 
(80,790
)
 
(116,426
)
Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
9,684

 
(11,184
)
 
87,801

State and local
2,018

 
(3,328
)
 
4,600

Foreign
34,983

 
49,851

 
801

Subtotal
46,685

 
35,339

 
93,202

Provision for income taxes
$
(53,850
)
 
$
(45,451
)
 
$
(23,224
)
Income tax reconciliation
The fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015 income tax expense differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 35% to pre-tax income as a result of the following for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Federal tax at statutory rate
$
(100,391
)
 
$
(55,951
)
 
$
(73,849
)
State and local tax (expense) benefit
1,000

 
(4,895
)
 
945

Deferred tax assets generated in current year not benefited
(7,643
)
 
(6,246
)
 
(4,916
)
Foreign income tax rate differential
26,151

 
22,016

 
30,387

Non-deductible expenses
(2,629
)
 
(15,828
)
 
(14,252
)
Stock-based compensation expense
(616
)
 
(5,890
)
 
(3,922
)
Change in valuation allowance
(716
)
 
11,995

 
710

Foreign financing activities
1,319

 
(26,708
)
 
2,592

Loss on debt extinguishment
(1,604
)
 
(8,288
)
 
—

Gain on divestments
—

 
8,828

 
—

Uncertain tax positions reserve
(66
)
 
(9,371
)
 
(3,191
)
Tax adjustments related to REIT
41,973

 
45,060

 
45,823

Enactment of the US tax reform
(6,513
)
 
—

 
—

Other, net
(4,115
)
 
(173
)
 
(3,551
)
Total income tax expense
$
(53,850
)
 
$
(45,451
)
 
$
(23,224
)
Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities
The types of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are set out below as of December 31 (in thousands):
 
2017
 
2016
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Reserves and accruals
$
27,673

 
$
11,276

Stock-based compensation expense
1,960

 
1,752

Unrealized losses
10,768

 
—

Operating loss carryforwards
95,864

 
37,594

Others, net
—

 
5

Gross deferred tax assets
136,265

 
50,627

Valuation allowance
(84,573
)
 
(29,167
)
Total deferred tax assets, net
51,692

 
21,460

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
(65,825
)
 
(57,006
)
Unrealized gains
—

 
(7,832
)
Intangible assets
(172,123
)
 
(168,655
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(237,948
)
 
(233,493
)
Net deferred tax liabilities
$
(186,256
)
 
$
(212,033
)
Changes in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
Changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are as follows (in thousands):
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Beginning balance
$
29,167

 
$
29,894

 
$
27,181

Amounts from acquisitions
25,283

 
5,053

 
—

Amounts recognized into income
716

 
(11,995
)
 
(710
)
Current increase
28,431

 
6,557

 
4,513

Impact of foreign currency exchange
976

 
(342
)
 
(1,090
)
Ending balance
$
84,573

 
$
29,167

 
$
29,894
Schedule of net operating loss carryforwards
The Company’s NOL carryforwards for federal, state and foreign tax purposes which expire, if not utilized, at various intervals from 2018, are outlined below (in thousands):
Expiration Date
 
Federal (1)
 
State (1)
 
Foreign
 
Total
2018
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
11,730

 
$
11,730

2019 to 2021
 
190,125

 
474

 
16,638

 
207,237

2022 to 2024
 
46,827

 
—

 
4,294

 
51,121

2025 to 2027
 
13,005

 
—

 
9,425

 
22,430

2031 to 2033
 
—

 
767

 
—

 
767

Thereafter
 
61,375

 
18,909

 
242,382

 
322,666

 
 
$
311,332

 
$
20,150

 
$
284,469

 
$
615,951

__________________________
(1)
The total amount of NOL carryforwards that will not be available to offset the Company’s future taxable income after dividend paid deduction due to Section 382 limitations was $242.0 million, comprising $241.8 million of federal and $0.2 million of state.
Reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits
The beginning and ending balances of the Company's unrecognized tax benefits are reconciled below for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Beginning balance
$
72,187

 
$
30,845

 
$
36,138

Gross increases related to prior year tax positions
6,095

 
570

 
—

Gross decreases related to prior year tax positions
—

 
—

 
(8,645
)
Gross increases related to current year tax positions
19,832

 
41,972

 
4,802

Decreases resulting from expiration of statute of limitation
(15,410
)
 
(826
)
 
(1,450
)
Decreases resulting from settlements
(314
)
 
(374
)
 
—

Ending balance
$
82,390

 
$
72,187

 
$
30,845