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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 28, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The following table provides a rollforward of the Company’s goodwill:
 
 
 
Adjustments to Goodwill
 
 
 
Adjustments to Goodwill
 
 
 
December 30, 2017
 
Acquisitions
 
Foreign Exchange
 
December 29, 2018
 
Acquisitions
 
Foreign Exchange
 
December 28, 2019
 
(in thousands)
RMS
$
58,122

 
$
—

 
$
(1,154
)
 
$
56,968

 
$
—

 
$
(382
)
 
$
56,586

DSA
1,610,176

 
460,223

 
(13,929
)
 
2,056,470

 
293,380

 
373

 
2,350,223

Manufacturing
141,608

 
2,551

 
(5,464
)
 
138,695

 
—

 
61

 
138,756

Gross carrying amount
1,809,906

 
462,774

 
(20,547
)
 
2,252,133

 
293,380

 
52

 
2,545,565

Accumulated impairment loss - DSA
(1,005,000
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,005,000
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,005,000
)
Goodwill
$
804,906

 


 


 
$
1,247,133

 


 


 
$
1,540,565

Based on the Company’s step one goodwill impairment test, which was performed in the fourth quarter for each of the fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded the reporting unit’s book value and, therefore, goodwill was not impaired.
The increase in goodwill during fiscal year 2019 related primarily to the acquisition of Citoxlab in the DSA reportable segment. The increase in goodwill during fiscal year 2018 related primarily to the acquisitions of MPI Research and KWS BioTest in the DSA reportable segment, an immaterial acquisition of an Australian business in the Manufacturing reportable segment, and the impact of foreign exchange.
Intangible Assets, Net
The following table displays intangible assets, net by major class:
 
December 28, 2019
 
December 29, 2018
 
Gross
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
Gross
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
(in thousands)
Backlog
$
28,865

 
$
(26,895
)
 
$
1,970

 
$
20,900

 
$
(18,691
)
 
$
2,209

Technology
122,106

 
(57,737
)
 
64,369

 
101,506

 
(41,870
)
 
59,636

Trademarks and trade names
8,430

 
(4,901
)
 
3,529

 
8,331

 
(4,640
)
 
3,691

Other
18,279

 
(12,307
)
 
5,972

 
17,448

 
(10,041
)
 
7,407

Other intangible assets
177,680

 
(101,840
)
 
75,840

 
148,185

 
(75,242
)
 
72,943

Client relationships
934,668

 
(321,095
)
 
613,573

 
791,725

 
(253,780
)
 
537,945

Intangible assets
$
1,112,348

 
$
(422,935
)
 
$
689,413

 
$
939,910

 
$
(329,022
)
 
$
610,888


The increase in intangible assets, net during the fiscal year 2019 related primarily to the acquisition of Citoxlab. The increase in intangible assets, net during the fiscal year 2018 related primarily to the acquisitions of MPI Research and KWS BioTest.
Amortization expense of definite-lived intangible assets, including client relationships, for fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $89.5 million, $64.8 million and $41.4 million, respectively. As of December 28, 2019, estimated amortization expense for intangible assets for each of the next five fiscal years is expected to be as follows:
Fiscal Year
 
Amortization Expense
 
 
(in thousands)
2020
 
$
97,024

2021
 
87,540

2022
 
76,204

2023
 
67,807

2024
 
60,918