497 1 d742419d497.htm FORM 497 ISHARES TRUST Form 497 iShares Trust
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iShares® Trust
Statement of Additional Information
Dated August 1, 2013
(as revised June 17, 2014)
This combined Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the current prospectuses (each, a “Prospectus” and collectively, the “Prospectuses”) for the following funds of iShares Trust (the “Trust”):
Fund   Ticker   Stock Exchange
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   IVV   NYSE Arca
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF   IJH   NYSE Arca
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF   IJR   NYSE Arca
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   ITOT   NYSE Arca
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF   IUSG   NYSE Arca
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF   IUSV   NYSE Arca
iShares Europe ETF   IEV   NYSE Arca
iShares Global 100 ETF   IOO   NYSE Arca
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF   ICLN   NASDAQ
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF   RXI   NYSE Arca
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   KXI   NYSE Arca
iShares Global Energy ETF   IXC   NYSE Arca
iShares Global Financials ETF   IXG   NYSE Arca
iShares Global Healthcare ETF   IXJ   NYSE Arca
iShares Global Industrials ETF   EXI   NYSE Arca
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF   IGF   NYSE Arca
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF   NUCL   NASDAQ
iShares Global Telecom ETF   IXP   NYSE Arca
iShares Global Utilities ETF   JXI   NYSE Arca
iShares International Developed Property ETF   WPS   NYSE Arca
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF   IPFF   NYSE Arca
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF   ITF   NYSE Arca
iShares Micro-Cap ETF   IWC   NYSE Arca
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF   IBB   NASDAQ
iShares Russell 1000 ETF   IWB   NYSE Arca
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   IWF   NYSE Arca
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   IWD   NYSE Arca
iShares Russell 2000 ETF   IWM   NYSE Arca
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   IWO   NYSE Arca
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   IWN   NYSE Arca
iShares Russell 3000 ETF   IWV   NYSE Arca
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF   IWR   NYSE Arca
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   IWP   NYSE Arca
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   IWS   NYSE Arca
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF   IWL   NYSE Arca
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF   IWY   NYSE Arca
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF   IWX   NYSE Arca
iShares S&P 100 ETF   OEF   NYSE Arca
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF   IVW   NYSE Arca
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF   IVE   NYSE Arca
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF   IJK   NYSE Arca
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF   IJJ   NYSE Arca


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Fund   Ticker   Stock Exchange
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF   IJT   NYSE Arca
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF   IJS   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   PFF   NYSE Arca
The Prospectuses for the above-listed funds (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) are dated August 1, 2013, as amended and supplemented from time to time. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the applicable Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. The Financial Statements and Notes contained in the Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report of the Trust for the Funds are incorporated by reference into and are deemed to be part of this SAI. A copy of each Prospectus, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report for each Fund may be obtained without charge by writing to the Trust's distributor, BlackRock Investments, LLC (the “Distributor” or “BRIL”), 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310, calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or visiting www.iShares.com. Each Fund's Prospectus is incorporated by reference into this SAI.
iShares® is a registered trademark of BlackRock Fund Advisors (“BFA”) or its affiliates.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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General Description of the Trust and its Funds 1
Exchange Listing and Trading 3
Investment Strategies and Risks 4
Borrowing 4
Currency Transactions 5
Diversification Status 5
Futures and Options 6
Illiquid Securities 7
Lending Portfolio Securities 7
Non-U.S. Securities 8
Options on Futures Contracts 9
Regulation Regarding Derivatives 9
Repurchase Agreements 10
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 10
Securities of Investment Companies 10
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments 11
Swap Agreements 11
Tracking Stocks 11
Future Developments 11
General Considerations and Risks 11
Borrowing Risk 11
Custody Risk 12
Cyber Security Issues 12
Dividend Risk 12
Risk of Derivatives 12
Risk of Equity Securities 12
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions 13
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities 14
Risk of Non-U.S. Preferred Stock 14
Risk of Swap Agreements 14
Risk of Investing in Asia 14
Risk of Investing in Canada 15
Risk of Investing in China 15
Risk of Investing in Japan 16
Risk of Investing in the United Kingdom 16
Risk of Investing in Australasia 16
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Risk of Investing in Central and South America 17
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets 17
Risk of Investing in Europe 18
Risk of Investing in North America 18
Risk of Investing in the Automotive Sub-Industry 19
Risk of Investing in the Biotechnology Industry 19
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group 19
Risk of Investing in the Clean Energy Sub-Industry 19
Risk of Investing in the Commercial and Professional Services Industry Group 19
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector 19
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Durables Industry Group 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Goods Industry 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Services Industry 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector 20
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector 20
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector 22
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector 22
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector 23
Risk of Investing in the Infrastructure Industry 23
Risk of Investing in the Insurance Industry Group 24
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector 24
Risk of Investing in the Media Industry Group 24
Risk of Investing in the Medical Equipment Industry Group 24
Risk of Investing in the Natural Resources Industry 24
Risk of Investing in the Nuclear Energy Sub-Industry 25
Risk of Investing in the Oil and Gas Industry 25
Risk of Investing in the Pharmaceuticals Industry 25
Risk of Investing in the Producer Durables Industry Group 25
Risk of Investing in the Real Estate Industry Group 26
Risk of Investing in the Retail Industry Group 26
Risk of Investing in the Technology Industry Group 27
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector 27
Risk of Investing in the Timber and Forestry Industry 27
Risk of Investing in the Transportation Industry Group 27
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector 27
Proxy Voting Policy 28
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Portfolio Holdings Information 29
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes 30
NASDAQ Biotechnology Index® 30
The Russell Indexes 30
Russell 1000® Growth Index 31
Russell 1000® Index 31
Russell 1000® Value Index 32
Russell 2000® Growth Index 32
Russell 2000® Index 32
Russell 2000® Value Index 32
Russell 3000® Growth Index 32
Russell 3000® Index 32
Russell 3000® Value Index 32
Russell Microcap® Index 33
Russell Midcap® Growth Index 33
Russell Midcap® Index 33
Russell Midcap® Value Index 33
Russell Top 200® Growth Index 33
Russell Top 200® Index 33
Russell Top 200® Value Index 33
The S&P Indexes 34
S&P 100® 35
S&P 500TM Growth Index 36
S&P 500® 36
S&P 500TM Value Index 36
S&P Composite 1500® 36
S&P Developed ex US Property IndexTM 36
S&P Europe 350TM 36
S&P Global 100TM 36
S&P Global Clean Energy IndexTM 37
S&P Global 1200 Consumer Discretionary Sector IndexTM 37
S&P Global 1200 Consumer Staples Sector IndexTM 37
S&P Global 1200 Energy Sector IndexTM 37
S&P Global 1200 Financials Sector IndexTM 37
S&P Global 1200 Healthcare Sector IndexTM 37
S&P Global 1200 Industrials Sector IndexTM 38
S&P Global Infrastructure IndexTM 38
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S&P Global Nuclear Energy IndexTM 38
S&P Global 1200 Telecommunications Sector IndexTM 38
S&P Global 1200 Utilities Sector IndexTM 38
S&P International Preferred Stock IndexTM 38
S&P MidCap 400® Growth Index 39
S&P MidCap 400® 39
S&P MidCap 400® Value Index 39
S&P SmallCap 600® Growth Index 39
S&P SmallCap 600® 40
S&P SmallCap 600® Value Index 40
S&P/TOPIX 150TM 40
S&P U.S. Preferred Stock IndexTM 40
Investment Limitations 41
Continuous Offering 44
Management 44
Trustees and Officers 44
Committees of the Board of Trustees 51
Remuneration of Trustees 55
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities 60
Potential Conflicts of Interest 79
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services 85
Investment Adviser 85
Investment Sub-Adviser 88
Portfolio Managers 88
Codes of Ethics 95
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements 95
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent 96
Distributor 97
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates 99
Determination of Net Asset Value 100
Brokerage Transactions 102
Additional Information Concerning the Trust 107
Shares 107
Termination of the Trust or a Fund 108
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds 108
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units 109
General 109
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Fund Deposit 110
Cash Purchase Method 111
Role of the Authorized Participant 111
Purchase Orders 111
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders 111
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units 112
Issuance of a Creation Unit 112
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions 113
Redemption of iShares Russell 2000 ETF During Certain Market Conditions 114
Redemption of Creation Units 114
Cash Redemption Method 115
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions 115
Placement of Redemption Orders 116
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units 118
Regular Holidays 118
Redemptions 125
Taxes 131
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications 131
Taxation of RICs 132
Excise Tax 132
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards 132
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders 134
Sales of Shares 135
Back-Up Withholding 136
Sections 351 and 362 136
Taxation of Certain Derivatives 136
Qualified Dividend Income 137
Corporate Dividends Received Deduction 137
Excess Inclusion Income 137
Non-U.S. Investments 138
Passive Foreign Investment Companies 138
Reporting 139
Other Taxes 139
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders 139
Financial Statements 140
Miscellaneous Information 141
Counsel 141
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General Description of the Trust and its Funds
The Trust currently consists of more than 235 investment series or portfolios. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on December 16, 1999 and is authorized to have multiple series or portfolios. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act” or the “1940 Act”). The offering of the Trust’s shares is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). This SAI relates to the following Funds:
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF1
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF2
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF3
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF4
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF5
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF6
iShares Europe ETF7
iShares Global 100 ETF8
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF9
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF10
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF11
iShares Global Energy ETF12
iShares Global Financials ETF13
iShares Global Healthcare ETF14
iShares Global Industrials ETF15
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF16
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF17
iShares Global Telecom ETF 18
iShares Global Utilities ETF19
iShares International Developed Property ETF20
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF21
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF22
iShares Micro-Cap ETF23
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF24
iShares Russell 1000 ETF25
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF26
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF27
iShares Russell 2000 ETF28
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF29
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF30
iShares Russell 3000 ETF31
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF32
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF33
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iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF34
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF35
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF36
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF37
iShares S&P 100 ETF38
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF39
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF40
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF41
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF42
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF43
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF44
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF45

1 On October 17, 2012, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P 500 Index Fund to the iShares Core S&P 500 ETF.
2 On October 17, 2012, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P MidCap 400 Index Fund to the iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF.
3 On October 17, 2012, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P SmallCap 600 Index Fund to the iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF.
4 On October 17, 2012, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P 1500 Index Fund to the iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF.
5 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell 3000 Growth Index Fund to the iShares Russell 3000 Growth ETF. On June 12, 2014, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell 3000 Growth ETF to the iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF.
6 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell 3000 Value Index Fund to the iShares Russell 3000 Value ETF. On June 10, 2014, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell 3000 Value ETF to the iShares Core U.S. Value ETF.
7 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Europe 350 Index Fund to the iShares Europe ETF.
8 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global 100 Index Fund to the iShares Global 100 ETF.
9 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Clean Energy Index Fund to the iShares Global Clean Energy ETF.
10 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Consumer Discretionary Sector Index Fund to the iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF.
11 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Consumer Staples Sector Index Fund to the iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF.
12 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Energy Sector Index Fund to the iShares Global Energy ETF.
13 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Financials Sector Index Fund to the iShares Global Financials ETF.
14 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Healthcare Sector Index Fund to the iShares Global Healthcare ETF.
15 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Industrials Sector Index Fund to the iShares Global Industrials ETF.
16 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Infrastructure Index Fund to the iShares Global Infrastructure ETF.
17 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Nuclear Energy Index Fund to the iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF.
18 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Telecommunications Sector Index Fund to the iShares Global Telecom ETF.
19 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Utilities Sector Index Fund to the iShares Global Utilities ETF.
20 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Developed ex-U.S. Property Index Fund to the iShares International Developed Property ETF.
21 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P International Preferred Stock Index Fund to the iShares International Preferred Stock ETF.
22 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P/TOPIX 150 Index Fund to the iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF.
23 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell Microcap Index Fund to the iShares Micro-Cap ETF.
24 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology Index Fund to the iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF.
25 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell 1000 Index Fund to the iShares Russell 1000 ETF.
26 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund to the iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF.
27 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell 1000 Value Index Fund to the iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF.
28 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell 2000 Index Fund to the iShares Russell 2000 ETF.
29 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund to the iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF.
30 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell 2000 Value Index Fund to the iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF.
31 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell 3000 Index Fund to the iShares Russell 3000 ETF.
32 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell Midcap Index Fund to the iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF.
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33 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell Midcap Growth Index Fund to the iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF.
34 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell Midcap Value Index Fund to the iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF.
35 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell Top 200 Index Fund to the iShares Russell Top 200 ETF.
36 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell Top 200 Growth Index Fund to the iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF.
37 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Russell Top 200 Value Index Fund to the iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF.
38 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P 100 Index Fund to the iShares S&P 100 ETF.
39 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P 500 Growth Index Fund to the iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF.
40 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P 500 Value Index Fund to the iShares S&P 500 Value ETF.
41 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P MidCap 400 Growth Index Fund to the iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF.
42 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P MidCap 400 Value Index Fund to the iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF.
43 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P SmallCap 600 Growth Index Fund to the iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF.
44 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P SmallCap 600 Value Index Fund to the iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF.
45 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P U.S. Preferred Stock Index Fund to the iShares U.S Preferred Stock ETF.
Each Fund is managed by BFA, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc., and generally seeks to track the investment results of the specific benchmark index identified in the applicable Prospectus for that Fund (each, an “Underlying Index”). BlackRock International Limited, an affiliate of BFA, serves as the sub-adviser (the “Sub-Adviser”) to the iShares International Preferred Stock ETF.
Each Fund offers and issues shares at their net asset value per share (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of shares (“Creation Units”), generally in exchange for a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) included in its Underlying Index (the “Deposit Securities”), together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (the “Cash Component”). Shares of the Funds are listed for trading on national securities exchanges such as The NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) or NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca”) (each a “Listing Exchange”). Shares of each Fund are traded in the secondary market and elsewhere at market prices that may be at, above or below the Fund's NAV. Shares are redeemable only in Creation Units, and, generally, in exchange for portfolio securities and a Cash Component. Creation Units typically are a specified number of shares, generally ranging from 50,000 to 300,000 shares or multiples thereof.
The Trust reserves the right to permit or require that creations and redemptions of shares are effected fully or partially in cash. Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities, subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain with the Trust a cash deposit equal to at least 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change from time to time, of the market value of the omitted Deposit Securities. See the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Transaction fees and other costs associated with creations or redemptions that include a cash portion may be higher than the transaction fees and other costs associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. In all cases, conditions and fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of SEC rules and regulations applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.
Exchange Listing and Trading
A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in each Fund is contained in the Shareholder Information section of each Fund's Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, that section of the applicable Prospectus.
Shares of each Fund are listed for trading, and trade throughout the day, on the applicable Listing Exchange and other secondary markets. Shares of certain Funds may also be listed on certain non-U.S. exchanges. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Listing Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of shares of any Fund will continue to be met. The Listing Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the shares of a Fund from listing if (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of Fund shares, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of shares of the Fund for 30 or more consecutive trading days, (ii) the value of the Underlying Index on which a Fund is based is no longer calculated or available, (iii) the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available, or (iv) any other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Listing Exchange, makes further dealings on the Listing Exchange inadvisable. The Listing Exchange will also remove shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.
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As in the case of other publicly-traded securities, when you buy or sell shares through a broker, you will incur a brokerage commission determined by that broker.
In order to provide additional information regarding the indicative value of shares of the Funds, the Listing Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, or through other widely disseminated means, an updated IOPV for the Funds as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Trust is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IOPVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IOPVs.
An IOPV has an equity securities component and a cash component. The equity securities values included in an IOPV are the values of the Deposit Securities for a Fund. While the IOPV reflects the current value of the Deposit Securities required to be deposited in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, it does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Funds at a particular point in time because the current portfolio of the Funds may include securities that are not a part of the current Deposit Securities. Therefore, a Fund’s IOPV disseminated during the Listing Exchange trading hours should not be viewed as a real-time update of the Fund’s NAV, which is calculated only once a day.
The cash component included in an IOPV consists of estimated accrued interest, dividends and other income, less expenses. If applicable, each IOPV also reflects changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the applicable currency.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the share prices of the Funds in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Funds or an investor's equity interest in the Funds.
Investment Strategies and Risks
Each Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in securities issued by issuers that comprise its relevant Underlying Index and through transactions that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund operates as an index fund and will not be actively managed. Adverse performance of a security in a Fund’s portfolio will ordinarily not result in the elimination of the security from the Fund’s portfolio.
Each Fund engages in representative sampling, which is investing in a sample of securities selected by BFA to have a collective investment profile similar to that of the Fund's Underlying Index. Securities selected have aggregate investment characteristics (based on market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability, earnings valuation and yield) and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. A fund that uses representative sampling generally does not hold all of the securities that are in its underlying index.
Although the Funds do not seek leveraged returns, certain instruments used by the Funds may have a leveraging effect as described below.
Borrowing.  Each Fund may borrow as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemptions or to facilitate the settlement of securities or other transactions. Under normal market conditions, any borrowing by a Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s net assets; however, each Fund generally does not intend to borrow money.
The purchase of securities while borrowings are outstanding may have the effect of leveraging a Fund. The incurrence of leverage increases a Fund’s exposure to risk, and borrowed funds are subject to interest costs that will reduce net income. Purchasing securities while borrowings are outstanding creates special risks, such as the potential for greater volatility in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the yield on a Fund’s portfolio. In addition, the interest expenses from borrowings may exceed the income generated by a Fund’s portfolio and, therefore, the amount available (if any) for distribution to shareholders as dividends may be reduced. BFA may determine to maintain outstanding borrowings if it expects that the benefits to a Fund’s shareholders will outweigh the current reduced return.
Certain types of borrowings by a Fund may result in a Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverage, portfolio composition requirements and other matters. It is not anticipated that observance of such covenants would impede BFA from managing a Fund’s portfolio in accordance with a Fund’s investment objectives and policies.
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However, a breach of any such covenants not cured within the specified cure period may result in acceleration of outstanding indebtedness and require a Fund to dispose of portfolio investments at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Currency Transactions. The Funds do not expect to engage in currency transactions for the purpose of hedging against declines in the value of the Funds' assets that are denominated in a non-U.S. currency. A Fund may enter into non-U.S. currency forward and non-U.S. currency futures contracts to facilitate local securities settlements or to protect against currency exposure in connection with its distributions to shareholders, but may not enter into such contracts for speculative purposes.
A forward currency contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract.
A currency futures contract is a contract involving an obligation to deliver or acquire the specified amount of a specific currency, at a specified price and at a specified future time. Currency futures contracts may be settled on a net cash payment basis rather than by the sale and delivery of the underlying currency. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
Foreign exchange transactions involve a significant degree of risk and the markets in which foreign exchange transactions are effected are highly volatile, highly specialized and highly technical. Significant changes, including changes in liquidity and prices, can occur in such markets within very short periods of time, often within minutes. Foreign exchange trading risks include, but are not limited to, exchange rate risk, counterparty risk, maturity gap, interest rate risk, and potential interference by foreign governments through regulation of local exchange markets, foreign investment or particular transactions in non-U.S. currency. If BFA utilizes foreign exchange transactions at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions, trends or correlations incorrectly, foreign exchange transactions may not serve their intended purpose of improving the correlation of a Fund's return with the performance of its Underlying Index and may lower the Fund’s return. Each Fund could experience losses if the value of its currency forwards, options and/or futures positions were poorly correlated with its other investments or if it could not close out its positions because of an illiquid market. In addition, a Fund could incur transaction costs, including trading commissions, in connection with certain non-U.S. currency transactions.
Diversification Status. The following table sets forth the diversification status of each Fund:
Diversified Funds   Non-Diversified Funds
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   iShares Global Clean Energy ETF
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF   iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF   iShares Global Energy ETF
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   iShares Global Healthcare ETF
iShares Europe ETF   iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF
iShares Global 100 ETF   iShares Global Telecom ETF
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF   iShares International Preferred Stock ETF
iShares Global Financials ETF   iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF
iShares Global Industrials ETF   iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF    
iShares Global Utilities ETF    
iShares International Developed Property ETF    
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF    
iShares Micro-Cap ETF    
iShares Russell 1000 ETF    
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF    
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF    
iShares Russell 2000 ETF    
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Diversified Funds   Non-Diversified Funds
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF    
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF    
iShares Russell 3000 ETF    
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF    
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF    
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF    
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF    
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF    
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF    
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF    
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF    
iShares S&P 100 ETF    
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF    
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF    
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF    
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF    
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF    
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF    
With respect to 75% of its total assets, a “diversified” fund is limited by the 1940 Act such that it does not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one issuer and does not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer (excluding cash and cash items, government securities, and securities of other investment companies). The remaining 25% of the fund’s total assets may be invested in any manner.
 A “non-diversified” fund is a fund that is not limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. The securities of a particular issuer (or securities of issuers in particular industries) may dominate the underlying index of such a fund and, consequently, the fund’s investment portfolio. This may adversely affect the fund’s performance or subject the fund’s shares to greater price volatility than that experienced by more diversified investment companies.
Each Fund (whether diversified or non-diversified) intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), and to relieve the Fund of any liability for U.S. federal income tax to the extent that its earnings are distributed to shareholders, provided that the Fund satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the Internal Revenue Code may limit the investment flexibility of the Funds and may make it less likely that the Funds will meet their respective investment objectives.
Futures and Options. Futures contracts and options may be used by a Fund to simulate investment in its Underlying Index, to facilitate trading or to reduce transaction costs. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts and options that are traded on a U.S. or non-U.S. exchange. Each Fund will not use futures or options for speculative purposes.
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific instrument or index at a specified future time and at a specified price. Stock index contracts are based on investments that reflect the market value of common stock of the firms included in the investments. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts to purchase securities indexes when BFA anticipates purchasing the underlying securities and believes prices will rise before the purchase will be made. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
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A call option gives a holder the right to purchase a specific security at a specified price (“exercise price”) within a specified period of time. A put option gives a holder the right to sell a specific security at a specified exercise price within a specified period of time. The initial purchaser of a call option pays the “writer” a premium, which is paid at the time of purchase and is retained by the writer whether or not such option is exercised. Each Fund may purchase put options to hedge its portfolio against the risk of a decline in the market value of securities held and may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities it is committed to purchase. Each Fund may write put and call options along with a long position in options to increase its ability to hedge against a change in the market value of the securities it holds or is committed to purchase. Investments in futures contracts and other investments that contain leverage may require each Fund to maintain liquid assets. Generally, each Fund maintains an amount of liquid assets equal to its obligations relative to the position involved, adjusted daily on a marked-to-market basis. With respect to futures contracts that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” each Fund maintains liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market obligation (i.e., each Fund’s daily net liability, if any), rather than the contracts’ notional value (i.e., the value of the underlying asset). By maintaining assets equal to its net obligation under cash-settled futures contracts, each Fund may employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund set aside assets equal to the futures contracts’ full notional value. Each Fund bases its asset maintenance policies on methods permitted by the staff of the SEC and may modify these policies in the future to comply with any changes in the guidance articulated from time to time by the SEC or its staff.
Illiquid Securities. Each Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment). Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets, as determined in accordance with SEC staff guidance.
Lending Portfolio Securities. Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain borrowers determined to be creditworthy by BFA, including borrowers affiliated with BFA. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned. No securities loan shall be made on behalf of a Fund if, as a result, the aggregate value of all securities loans of the particular Fund exceeds one-third of the value of such Fund’s total assets (including the value of the collateral received). A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. Each Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower may be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Funds are compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, a Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of each lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, including those affiliated with BFA; such investments are subject to investment risk.
Each Fund conducts its securities lending pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC permitting it to lend portfolio securities to borrowers affiliated with the Fund and to retain an affiliate of the Fund as lending agent. To the extent that a Fund engages in securities lending, BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. (“BTC”) acts as securities lending agent for the Fund, subject to the overall supervision of BFA. BTC administers the lending program in accordance with guidelines approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board” or the “Trustees”).
Each Fund retains a portion of the securities lending income and remits a remaining portion to BTC as compensation for its services as securities lending agent. Securities lending income is equal to the total of income earned from the reinvestment of cash collateral (and excludes collateral investment fees as defined below), and any fees or other payments to and from borrowers of securities. As securities lending agent, BTC bears all operational costs directly related to securities lending. Each Fund is responsible for fees in connection with the investment of cash collateral received for securities on loan in a money market fund managed by BFA; however, BTC has agreed to reduce the amount of securities lending income it receives in order to effectively limit the collateral investment fees the Fund bears to an annual rate of 0.04% until December 31, 2014 and 0.05% thereafter (the “collateral investment fees”). Such money market fund shares will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee.
Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement: (i) All Funds except for the iShares Europe ETF, iShares Global 100 ETF, iShares Global Clean Energy ETF, iShares Global Financials ETF, iShares Global Infrastructure ETF, iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF, iShares Global Telecom ETF, iShares Global Utilities ETF, iShares International Developed Property ETF, iShares International Preferred Stock ETF and iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF (the “Domestic Equity Funds”) retain 70% of securities
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lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement: (i) The iShares Europe ETF, iShares Global 100 ETF, iShares Global Clean Energy ETF, iShares Global Financials ETF, iShares Global Infrastructure ETF, iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF, iShares Global Telecom ETF, iShares Global Utilities ETF, iShares International Developed Property ETF, iShares International Preferred Stock ETF and iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF (the “International Equity Funds”) retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, commencing January 1, 2015 International Equity Funds will retain 70% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Under the securities lending program the Funds are categorized into specific asset classes. The determination of a Fund’s asset class category (fixed income, domestic equity, international equity or fund-of-funds), each of which may be subject to a different fee arrangement, is based on a methodology agreed to between the Trust and BTC.
In addition, commencing the business day following the date that the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (as defined under “Management —Trustees and Officers”) in a calendar year exceeds the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex in calendar year 2013 (the “Hurdle Date”) (or lesser amount as may be agreed to by the Funds and BTC), each Fund, pursuant to the securities lending agreement, will receive for the remainder of that calendar year securities lending income as follows:
Domestic Equity Funds
(i) 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
International Equity Funds
(i) 80% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, for the remainder of the calendar year following any Hurdle Date after January 1, 2015, International Equity Funds will retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees a Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, a Fund would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral or in recovering the loaned securities, or to a possible loss of rights in the collateral. In the event a borrower does not return a Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. This event could trigger adverse tax consequences for a Fund. A Fund could lose money if its short-term investment of the collateral declines in value over the period of the loan. Substitute payments for dividends received by a Fund for securities loaned out by the Fund will not be considered qualified dividend income. BTC will take into account the tax effects on shareholders of this difference in connection with a Fund’s securities lending program. Substitute payments received on tax-exempt securities loaned out will not be tax-exempt income.
Non-U.S. Securities. Each Fund intends to purchase publicly-traded common stocks of non-U.S. issuers. To the extent a Fund invests in stocks of non-U.S. issuers, certain of the Fund's investments in such stocks may be in the form of American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) (collectively, “Depositary Receipts”). Depositary Receipts are receipts, typically issued by a bank or trust issuer, which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For other forms of Depositary Receipts, the depository may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may be issued by a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer. Depositary Receipts are not necessarily denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs, issued in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, issued in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world.
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The Funds will not invest in any unlisted Depositary Receipt or any Depositary Receipt that BFA deems illiquid at the time of purchase or for which pricing information is not readily available. In general, Depositary Receipts must be sponsored, but a Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts under certain limited circumstances. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States. Therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may be no correlation between available information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts.
Investing in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. issuers. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in non-U.S. countries, and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to less governmental regulation than U.S. issuers. Moreover, individual non-U.S. economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product (“GDP”), rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions.
Options on Futures Contracts. An option on a futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account that represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential for loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option plus transaction costs. Because the value of the option is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option changes daily and that change would be reflected in the NAV of each Fund. The potential for loss related to writing call options is unlimited. The potential for loss related to writing put options is limited to the agreed upon price per share, also known as the “strike price,” less the premium received from writing the put.
Each Fund may purchase and write put and call options on futures contracts that are traded on an exchange as a hedge against changes in value of its portfolio securities, or in anticipation of the purchase of securities, and may enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.
Upon entering into a futures contract, a Fund will be required to deposit with the broker an amount of cash or cash equivalents known as “initial margin,” which is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract and is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, known as “variation margin,” to and from the broker will be made daily as the price of the instrument or index underlying the futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking-to-market.” At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, each Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate the Fund’s existing position in the contract.
Regulation Regarding Derivatives.  Effective December 31, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) adopted certain regulatory changes that subject registered investment companies and advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a fund invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or if the fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent a Fund uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, BFA has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. BFA is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of such Fund.
A Fund may also have investments in “underlying funds” not advised by BFA (which for purposes of the no-action letter referenced below may include certain securitized vehicles and/or mortgage real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) that may invest in CFTC Derivatives). BFA has no transparency into the holdings of these underlying funds because they are not advised by BFA. To address this issue of lack of transparency, the CFTC staff issued a no-action letter on November 29, 2012
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permitting the adviser of a fund that invests in such underlying funds and that would otherwise have filed a claim of exclusion pursuant to Rule 4.5 to delay registration as a “commodity pool operator” until six months from the date on which the CFTC issues additional guidance on the treatment of CFTC Derivatives held by underlying funds. BFA, the adviser of the Funds, has filed a claim with the CFTC for certain of the Funds to rely on this no-action relief.
Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an instrument under which the purchaser (i.e., a Fund) acquires the security and the seller agrees, at the time of the sale, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. If a repurchase agreement is construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities will not be considered to be owned by a Fund but only to constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price, and, in the event of a default by the seller, the Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or losses in connection with the disposition of the collateral.
In any repurchase transaction, the collateral for a repurchase agreement may include: (i) cash items; (ii) obligations issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities; or (iii) obligations that, at the time the repurchase agreement is entered into, are rated in the highest rating category generally by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”), or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by BFA. Collateral, however, is not limited to the foregoing and may include, for example, obligations rated below the highest category by NRSROs. Collateral for a repurchase agreement may also include securities that a Fund could not hold directly without the repurchase obligation. Irrespective of the type of collateral underlying the repurchase agreement, in the case of a repurchase agreement entered into by a non-money market fund, the repurchase obligation of a seller must be of comparable credit quality to securities that are rated in the highest two short-term credit rating categories by at least one NRSRO or, if unrated, deemed by BFA to be of equivalent quality.
Repurchase agreements pose certain risks for a Fund that utilizes them. Such risks are not unique to the Funds, but are inherent in repurchase agreements. The Funds seek to minimize such risks, but because of the inherent legal uncertainties involved in repurchase agreements, such risks cannot be eliminated. Lower quality collateral and collateral with longer maturities may be subject to greater price fluctuations than higher quality collateral and collateral with shorter maturities. If the repurchase agreement counterparty were to default, lower quality collateral may be more difficult to liquidate than higher quality collateral. Should the counterparty default and the amount of collateral not be sufficient to cover the counterparty’s repurchase obligation, a Fund would retain the status of an unsecured creditor of the counterparty (i.e., the position the Fund would normally be in if it were to hold, pursuant to its investment policies, other unsecured debt securities of the defaulting counterparty) with respect to the amount of the shortfall. As an unsecured creditor, a Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment and have the characteristics of borrowing. Generally, the effect of such transactions is that a Fund can recover all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the reverse repurchase agreement, while in many cases the Fund is able to keep some of the interest income associated with those securities. Such transactions are advantageous only if a Fund has an opportunity to earn a rate of interest on the cash derived from these transactions that is greater than the interest cost of obtaining the same amount of cash. Opportunities to realize earnings from the use of the proceeds equal to or greater than the interest required to be paid may not always be available and a Fund intends to use the reverse repurchase technique only when BFA believes it will be advantageous to the Fund. The use of reverse repurchase agreements may exaggerate any increase or decrease in the value of a Fund’s assets. A Fund’s exposure to reverse repurchase agreements will be covered by liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than such commitments. The use of reverse repurchase agreements is a form of leverage because the proceeds derived from reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities.
Securities of Investment Companies. Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies (including money market funds) to the extent allowed by law. Pursuant to the 1940 Act, a Fund’s investment in registered investment companies is limited to, subject to certain exceptions: (i) 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any one investment company; (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company; and (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to investment companies in the aggregate. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, each Fund may invest its assets in the securities of investment companies that are money market funds, including those advised by or
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otherwise affiliated with BFA, in excess of the limits discussed above. Other investment companies in which a Fund may invest can be expected to incur fees and expenses for operations, such as investment advisory and administration fees, which would be in addition to those incurred by the Fund.
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments. Each Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds (including those advised by BFA or otherwise affiliated with BFA); (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed-time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. banks (including non-U.S. branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated, at the date of purchase, “Prime-1” by Moody's® Investors Service, Inc., “F-1” by Fitch Inc., or “A-1” by Standard & Poor's® Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies (“Standard & Poor's Ratings Services”), or if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by BFA; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; (vi) repurchase agreements; and (vii) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of non-U.S. banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of BFA, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by a Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or forward-settled basis. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
Swap Agreements. Swap agreements are contracts between parties in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on the change in market value or level of a specified rate, index or asset. In return, the other party agrees to make periodic payments to the first party based on the return of a different specified rate, index or asset. Swap agreements will usually be performed on a net basis, with a Fund receiving or paying only the net amount of the two payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap is accrued on a daily basis and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained by the Fund.
The use of interest rate and index swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. These transactions generally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal.
Tracking Stocks. A tracking stock is a separate class of common stock whose value is linked to a specific business unit or operating division within a larger company and is designed to “track” the performance of such business unit or division. The tracking stock may pay dividends to shareholders independent of the parent company. The parent company, rather than the business unit or division, generally is the issuer of tracking stock. However, holders of the tracking stock may not have the same rights as holders of the company’s common stock.
Future Developments. The Board may, in the future, authorize a Fund to invest in securities contracts and investments, other than those listed in this SAI and in the applicable Prospectus, provided they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and do not violate any of its investment restrictions or policies.
General Considerations and Risks
A discussion of some of the principal risks associated with an investment in a Fund is contained in the applicable Prospectus.
An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers of the portfolio securities, the value of preferred or common stocks in general, and other factors that affect the market.
Borrowing Risk.  Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the return on a Fund’s portfolio. Borrowing will cost a Fund interest expense and other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce a Fund’s return. Borrowing may cause a Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations.
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Custody Risk.  Custody risk refers to the risks inherent in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of their local markets, and thus may be subject to limited or no government oversight. Communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Practices in relation to the settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because of the use of brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result in ownership registration being lost. In addition, the laws of certain countries may put limits on a Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or an agent of any of the foregoing goes bankrupt. A Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such custody problems and may have no successful claim for compensation.
Cyber Security Issues. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, each Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and investment risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cyber security failures or breaches by a Fund’s third party service providers (including, but not limited to, index providers, fund accountants and transfer agents) and the issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result. While the Funds have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Funds cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by issuers in which the Funds invest.
Dividend Risk.  There is no guarantee that issuers of the stocks held by a Fund will declare dividends in the future or that, if declared, they will either remain at current levels or increase over time.
Risk of Derivatives.  A derivative is a financial contract, the value of which depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset such as a security or an index. A Fund may invest in stock index futures contracts and other derivatives. Compared to conventional securities, derivatives can be more sensitive to changes in interest rates or to sudden fluctuations in market prices and thus a Fund’s losses may be greater if it invests in derivatives than if it invests only in conventional securities. Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations.
Risk of Equity Securities.  An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in equity securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of stock markets may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the portfolio securities and thus in the value of shares of the Fund). Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to increases and decreases in value as market confidence and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies, inflation and interest rates, economic expansion or contraction, and global or regional political, economic or banking crises. Holders of common stocks incur more risks than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders generally have rights to receive payments from stock issuers that are inferior to the rights of creditors, or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (the value of which, however, is subject to market fluctuations prior to maturity), or preferred stocks, which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity.
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Each of the iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF and the iShares International Preferred Stock ETF invests a significant portion of its assets in preferred stock, although all of the Funds may invest in preferred stock. A Fund that invests in preferred stock may be exposed to certain risks not typically encountered by investing in common stock. Many preferred stocks pay dividends at a fixed rate, therefore, a preferred stock’s market price may be sensitive to changes in interest rates in a manner similar to bonds — that is, as interest rates rise, the value of the preferred stock is likely to decline. Many preferred stocks also allow holders to convert the preferred stock into common stock of the issuer; the market price of such preferred stocks may be sensitive to changes in the value of the issuer’s common stock. In addition, the ability of an issuer of preferred stock to pay dividends may deteriorate or the issuer may default (i.e., fail to make scheduled dividend payments on the preferred stock or scheduled interest payments on other obligations of the issuer), which would negatively affect the value of any such holding. Dividend payments on a preferred stock typically must be declared by the issuer’s board of directors. An issuer’s board of directors is generally not under any obligation to pay a dividend (even if such dividends have accrued), and may suspend payment of dividends on preferred stock at any time. Preferred stock is also subject to market volatility and the price of preferred stock will fluctuate based on market demand. Preferred stock often has a call feature which allows the issuer to redeem the security at its discretion. Therefore, preferred stocks having a higher than average yield may be called by the issuer, which may cause a decrease in the yield of a Fund that invested in the preferred stock.
Although most of the securities in each Underlying Index are listed on a national securities exchange, the principal trading market for some of the securities may be in the over-the-counter market. The existence of a liquid trading market for certain securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made or maintained or that any such market will be or remain liquid. The price at which securities may be sold and the value of a Fund’s shares will be adversely affected if trading markets for the Fund’s portfolio securities are limited or absent, or if bid/ask spreads are wide.
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions.  There are several risks accompanying the utilization of futures contracts and options on futures contracts. A position in futures contracts and options on futures contracts may be closed only on the exchange on which the contract was made (or a linked exchange). While each Fund plans to utilize futures contracts only if an active market exists for such contracts, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist for the contract at a specified time. Futures contracts, by definition, project price levels in the future and not current levels of valuation; therefore, market circumstances may result in a discrepancy between the price of the stock index future and the movement in a Fund's Underlying Index. In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, a Fund may be required to deliver the instruments underlying the future contracts it has sold.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts or uncovered call options in some strategies (e.g., selling uncovered stock index futures contracts) is potentially unlimited. The Funds do not plan to use futures and options contracts in this way. The risk of a futures position may still be large as traditionally measured due to the low margin deposits required. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit. The Funds, however, intend to utilize futures and options contracts in a manner designed to limit their risk exposure to levels comparable to a direct investment in the types of stocks in which they invest.
Utilization of futures and options on futures by a Fund involves the risk of imperfect or even negative correlation to its Underlying Index if the index underlying the futures contract differs from the Underlying Index. There is also the risk of loss of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in the futures contract or option. The purchase of put or call options will be based upon predictions by BFA as to anticipated trends, which predictions could prove to be incorrect.
Because the futures market generally imposes less burdensome margin requirements than the securities market, an increased amount of participation by speculators in the futures market could result in price fluctuations. Certain financial futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount by which the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of
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futures positions and subjecting each Fund to substantial losses. In the event of adverse price movements, each Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities.  An investment in any of the Funds that invest in non-U.S. equity securities involves risks similar to those of investing in portfolios of equity securities traded on non-U.S. exchanges. These risks include market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices. Investing in securities issued by issuers domiciled in countries other than the domicile of the investor and denominated in currencies other than an investor’s local currency entails certain considerations and risks not typically encountered by the investor in making investments in its home country and in that country’s currency. These considerations include favorable or unfavorable changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations and the costs that may be incurred in connection with conversions between various currencies. Investing in any of these Funds also involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in a fund whose portfolio contains exclusively securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include generally less liquid and less efficient securities markets; generally greater price volatility; less publicly available information about issuers; the imposition of withholding or other taxes; the imposition of restrictions on the expatriation of funds or other assets of the Funds; higher transaction and custody costs; delays and risks attendant in settlement procedures; difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations; lower liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization; different accounting and disclosure standards; lower levels of regulation of the securities markets; more substantial government interference with the economy; higher rates of inflation; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty; the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets; and the risk of war.
Risk of Non-U.S. Preferred Stock.  A fund that invests in preferred stock may be exposed to certain risks not typically encountered by investing in common stock. Many preferred stocks pay dividends at a fixed rate, therefore, a preferred stock’s market price may be sensitive to changes in interest rates in a manner similar to bonds — that is, as interest rates rise, the value of the preferred stock is likely to decline. Many preferred stocks also allow holders to convert the preferred stock into common stock of the issuer; the market price of such preferred stocks can be sensitive to changes in the value of the issuer’s common stock. In addition, the ability of an issuer of preferred stock to pay dividends may deteriorate or the issuer may default (i.e., fail to make scheduled dividend payments on the preferred stock or scheduled interest payments on other obligations of the issuer), which would negatively affect the value of any such holding. Dividend payments on a preferred stock typically must be declared by the issuer’s board of directors. An issuer’s board of directors is generally not under any obligation to pay a dividend (even if such dividends have accrued), and may suspend payment of dividends on preferred stock at any time. Preferred stock is also subject to market volatility and the price of preferred stock will fluctuate based on market demand. Preferred stock often has a call feature which allows the issuer to redeem the security at its discretion. Therefore, preferred stocks having a higher than average yield may be called by the issuer, which may cause a decrease in the yield of a fund that invested in the preferred stock. Also, non U.S. preferred stock may have different rights or privileges than those commonly associated with U.S. preferred stock. In addition to the risks listed above, investors in non U.S. preferred stock may experience difficulty or uncertainty in determining and enforcing their rights related to preferred stock.
Risk of Swap Agreements.  The risk of loss with respect to swaps generally is limited to the net amount of payments that a Fund is contractually obligated to make. Swap agreements are subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will default on its obligations. If such a default occurs, a Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect such Fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g., a Fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive).
Risk of Investing in Asia.  Investments in securities of issuers in certain Asian countries involve risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in other regions. Such heightened risks include, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socio-economic unrest. Many Asian economies have experienced rapid rates of economic growth and industrialization in recent years, and there is no assurance that these rates of economic growth and industrialization will be maintained.
Certain Asian countries have democracies with relatively short histories, which may increase the risk of political instability. These countries have faced political and military unrest, and further unrest could present a risk to their local economies and securities markets. Indonesia and the Philippines have each experienced violence and terrorism, which has negatively impacted their economies. North Korea and South Korea each have substantial military capabilities, and historical tensions between the two countries present the risk of war. Recently these tensions have escalated. Any outbreak of hostilities
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between the two countries could have a severe adverse effect on the South Korean economy and securities market. Increased political and social unrest in these geographic areas could adversely affect the performance of investments in this region.
Certain governments in this region administer prices on several basic goods, including fuel and electricity, within their respective countries. Certain governments may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector in their respective countries and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in this region, which in turn could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments adversely affecting investments in the region.
Corruption and the perceived lack of a rule of law in dealings with international companies in certain Asian countries may discourage foreign investment and could negatively impact the long-term growth of certain economies in this region. In addition, certain countries in the region are experiencing high unemployment and corruption, and have fragile banking sectors.
Some economies in this region are dependent on a range of commodities, including oil, natural gas and coal. Accordingly, they are strongly affected by international commodity prices and particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products. The market for securities in this region may also be directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and by the economic and market conditions of neighboring countries. Adverse economic conditions or developments in neighboring countries may increase investors' perception of the risk of investing in the region as a whole, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by companies in the region.
Risk of Investing in Canada.  The United States is Canada’s largest trading and investment partner, and the Canadian economy is significantly affected by developments in the U.S. economy. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) in 1994 among Canada, the United States and Mexico, total two-way merchandise trade between the United States and Canada has more than doubled. To further this relationship, the three NAFTA countries entered into The Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America in March 2005, which may further affect Canada’s dependency on the U.S. economy. Any downturn in U.S. or Mexican economic activity is likely to have an adverse impact on the Canadian economy. The Canadian economy is also dependent upon external trade with other key trading partners, specifically China and the United Kingdom. As a result, Canada is dependent on the economies of these other countries. In addition, Canada is a large supplier of natural resources (e.g., oil, natural gas and agricultural products). As a result, the Canadian economy is sensitive to fluctuations in certain commodity prices.
Risk of Investing in China.  Investments in securities of companies domiciled in China involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the U.S. securities markets. Such heightened risks include, among others, an authoritarian government, popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic and social conditions, the impact of regional conflict on the economy and hostile relations with neighboring countries.
Military conflicts, either in response to internal social unrest or conflicts with other countries, could disrupt economic development. The Chinese economy is vulnerable to the long-running disagreements with Hong Kong related to integration and religious and nationalist disputes with Tibet. China has a complex territorial dispute regarding the sovereignty of Taiwan that has included threats of invasion; Taiwan-based companies and individuals are significant investors in China. Military conflict between China and Taiwan may adversely affect securities of Chinese issuers. In addition, China has strained international relations with Japan, India, Russia and other neighbors due to territorial disputes, historical animosities and other defense concerns. China could be affected by military events on the Korean peninsula or internal instability within North Korea. These situations may cause uncertainty in the Chinese market and may adversely affect performance of the Chinese economy.
The Chinese government has implemented significant economic reforms in order to liberalize trade policy, promote foreign investment in the economy, reduce government control of the economy and develop market mechanisms. But there can be no assurance that these reforms will continue or that they will be effective. Despite reforms and privatizations of companies in certain sectors, the Chinese government still exercises substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector and may own or control many companies. The Chinese government continues to maintain a major role in economic policy making and investing in China involves risk of loss due to expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and on repatriation of capital invested. In addition, there is less regulation and monitoring of Chinese securities markets and the activities of investors, brokers and other participants than in the United States. Accordingly, issuers of securities in China are not subject to the same degree of regulation as are U.S. issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, tender offer regulation, stockholder proxy requirements and the
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requirements mandating timely and accurate disclosure of information. Stock markets in China are in the process of change and further development. This may lead to trading volatility, difficulty in the settlement and recording of transactions and difficulty in interpreting and applying the relevant regulation.
While the Chinese economy has grown rapidly in recent years, there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. China may experience substantial rates of inflation or economic recessions, causing a negative effect on the economy and securities market. China’s economy is heavily dependent on export growth. Reduction in spending on Chinese products and services, institution of tariffs or other trade barriers or a downturn in any of the economies of China’s key trading partners may have an adverse impact on the securities of Chinese issuers.
The tax laws and regulations in the People's Republic of China (“PRC”) are subject to change, including the issuance of authoritative guidance or enforcement, possibly with retroactive effect. The interpretation, applicability and enforcement of such laws by PRC tax authorities are not as consistent and transparent as those of more developed nations, and may vary over time and from region to region. The application and enforcement of PRC tax rules could have a significant adverse effect on a Fund and its investors, particularly in relation to capital gains withholding tax imposed upon non-residents.
Risk of Investing in Japan.  Investments in securities issued by Japanese companies may be subject to additional risks.
Political Risk. Historically, Japan has had unpredictable national politics and may experience frequent political turnover. Future political developments may lead to changes in policy that might adversely affect a Fund’s investments.
Large Government Debt Risk. The Japanese economy faces several concerns, including a financial system with large levels of nonperforming loans, over-leveraged corporate balance sheets, extensive cross-ownership by major corporations, a changing corporate governance structure, and large government deficits. These issues may cause a slowdown of the Japanese economy.
Currency Risk. The Japanese yen has fluctuated significantly at times and any increase in its value may cause a decline in exports that could weaken the economy.
Labor Risk. Japan has an aging workforce. It is a labor market undergoing fundamental structural changes, as traditional lifetime employment clashes with the need for increased labor mobility, which may adversely affect Japan’s economic competitiveness.
Geographic Risk. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, could occur in Japan or surrounding areas and could negatively affect the Japanese economy, which, in turn, could negatively affect a Fund.
Risk of Investing in the United Kingdom.  Investment in British issuers may subject a Fund to regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risks specific to the United Kingdom. The British economy relies heavily on export of financial services to the United States and other European countries. A prolonged slowdown in the financial services sector may have a negative impact on the British economy. In the past, the United Kingdom has been a target of terrorism. Acts of terrorism in the United Kingdom or against British interests abroad may cause uncertainty in the British financial markets and adversely affect the performance of the issuers to which a Fund has exposure. The British economy, along with the United States and certain other European economies, experienced a significant economic slowdown during the recent financial crisis.
Risk of Investing in Australasia.  The economies of Australasia, which include Australia and New Zealand, are dependent on exports from the agricultural and mining sectors. This makes Australasian economies susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. Australasian economies are also increasingly dependent on their growing service industries. Australia and New Zealand are located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters, such as drought and flooding. Any such event in the future could have a significant adverse impact on the economies of Australia and New Zealand and affect the value of securities held by a Fund. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are dependent on trading with certain key trading partners, including Asia, Europe and the United States. The Australia–U.S. Free Trade Agreement has significantly expanded the trading relationship between the United States and Australia. In 2003, Australia and Singapore entered into the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (“SAFTA”). SAFTA is intended to further expand the economic relationship with Singapore, Australia’s largest trade and investment partner in Southeast Asia. Thus, economic events in the United States, Asia, or in other key trading countries can have a significant economic effect on the
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Australian economy. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are heavily dependent on the mining sector. Passage of new regulations limiting foreign ownership of companies in the mining sector or imposition of new taxes on profits of mining companies may dissuade foreign investment, and as a result, have a negative impact on companies to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in Central and South America.  The economies of certain Central and South American countries have experienced high interest rates, economic volatility, inflation, currency devaluations, government defaults and high unemployment rates. In addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant percentage of exports for the regions and many economies in these regions are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries of these regions.
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets.   Investments in emerging market countries may be subject to greater risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include: (i) less social, political, and economic stability; (ii) greater illiquidity and price volatility due to smaller or limited local capital markets for such securities, or low or non-existent trading volumes; (iii) foreign exchanges and broker-dealers may be subject to less scrutiny and regulation by local authorities; (iv) local governments may decide to seize or confiscate securities held by foreign investors and/or local governments may decide to suspend or limit an issuer's ability to make dividend or interest payments; (v) local governments may limit or entirely restrict repatriation of invested capital, profits, and dividends; (vi) capital gains may be subject to local taxation, including on a retroactive basis; (vii) issuers facing restrictions on dollar or euro payments imposed by local governments may attempt to make dividend or interest payments to foreign investors in the local currency; (viii) investors may experience difficulty in enforcing legal claims related to the securities and/or local judges may favor the interests of the issuer over those of foreign investors; (ix) bankruptcy judgments may only be permitted to be paid in the local currency; (x) limited public information regarding the issuer may result in greater difficulty in determining market valuations of the securities, and (xi) lax financial reporting on a regular basis, substandard disclosure and differences in accounting standards may make it difficult to ascertain the financial health of an issuer.
Emerging market securities markets are typically marked by a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of ownership of such securities by a limited number of investors. In addition, brokerage and other costs associated with transactions in emerging markets securities markets can be higher, sometimes significantly, than similar costs incurred in securities markets in developed countries. Although some emerging markets have become more established and tend to issue securities of higher credit quality, the markets for securities in other emerging countries are in the earliest stages of their development, and these countries issue securities across the credit spectrum. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in emerging countries may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the securities markets of developed countries. The limited size of many of these securities markets can cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, prices may be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions in these markets. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity of such markets. The limited liquidity of emerging country securities may also affect a Fund's ability to accurately value its portfolio securities or to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so or in order to meet redemption requests.
Many emerging market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Sudden changes in governments may result in policies which are less favorable to investors such as policies designed to expropriate or nationalize “sovereign” assets. Certain emerging market countries in the past have expropriated large amounts of private property, in many cases with little or no compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future.
Investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit a Fund's investment in certain emerging countries and may increase the expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer's outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals.
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Many emerging market countries lack the social, political, and economic stability characteristic of the United States. Political instability among emerging market countries can be common and may be caused by an uneven distribution of wealth, social unrest, labor strikes, civil wars, and religious oppression. Economic instability in emerging market countries may take the form of: (i) high interest rates; (ii) high levels of inflation, including hyperinflation; (iii) high levels of unemployment or underemployment; (iv) changes in government economic and tax policies, including confiscatory taxation; and (v) imposition of trade barriers.
A Fund's income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the emerging market countries in which it invests, and treaties between the United States and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates.
Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain of these emerging markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions.
In the past, certain governments in emerging market countries have become overly reliant on the international capital markets and other forms of foreign credit to finance large public spending programs, which in the past have caused huge budget deficits. Often, interest payments have become too overwhelming for a government to meet, representing a large percentage of total GDP. These foreign obligations have become the subject of political debate and served as fuel for political parties of the opposition, which pressure the government not to make payments to foreign creditors, but instead to use these funds for, among other things, social programs. Either due to an inability to pay or submission to political pressure, foreign governments have been forced to seek a restructuring of their loan and/or bond obligations, have declared a temporary suspension of interest payments or have defaulted. These events have adversely affected the values of securities issued by foreign governments and corporations domiciled in those countries and have negatively affected not only their cost of borrowing, but their ability to borrow in the future as well.
Risk of Investing in Europe.   The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the “EU”) requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro (the common currency of certain EU countries), the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession among EU member countries may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners. Although certain European countries do not use the euro, many of these countries are obliged to meet the criteria for joining the euro zone. Consequently, these countries must comply with many of the restrictions noted above. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about economic downturns, rising government debt levels and the possible default of government debt in several European countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In order to prevent further economic deterioration, certain countries, without prior warning, can institute “capital controls.” Countries may use these controls to restrict volatile movements of capital entering and exiting their country. Such controls may negatively affect a Fund’s investments. A default or debt restructuring by any European country would adversely impact holders of that country's debt and sellers of credit default swaps linked to that country's creditworthiness, which may be located in countries other than those listed above. In addition, the credit ratings of certain European countries were recently downgraded. These downgrades may result in further deterioration of investor confidence. These events have adversely affected the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect the economies of every country in Europe, including countries that do not use the euro and non-EU member countries. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not produce the desired results, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and other entities of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.
Risk of Investing in North America.  The United States is Canada’s and Mexico’s largest trading and investment partner. The Canadian and Mexican economies are significantly affected by developments in the U.S. economy. Since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994 among Canada, the United States and Mexico, total merchandise trade between the three countries has increased. To further this relationship, the three NAFTA countries entered into the Security and Prosperity Partnership of
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North America in March 2005, which may further affect Canada’s and Mexico’s dependency on the U.S. economy. Economic events in any one North American country can have a significant economic effect on the entire North American region, and on some or all of the North American countries in which a Fund invests.
Risk of Investing in the Automotive Sub-Industry.  The automotive sub-industry can be highly cyclical, and companies in the automotive sub-industry may suffer periodic losses. The automotive sub-industry is also highly competitive and there may be, at times, excess capacity in the global and domestic automotive sub-industry. Over the last few years, the U.S. automotive sub-industry experienced a significant downturn; certain automotive companies required stimulus from the U.S. government, while others formed strategic industry alliances in order to weather the substantially difficult market conditions. In general, the automotive sub-industry is susceptible to labor disputes, product defect litigation, patent expiration, increased pension liabilities, rise in material or component prices and changing consumer tastes.
Risk of Investing in the Biotechnology Industry.  Biotechnology companies depend on the successful development of new and proprietary technologies. There can be no assurance that the development of new technologies will be successful or that intellectual property rights will be obtained with respect to new technologies. The loss or impairment of intellectual property rights may adversely affect the profitability of biotechnology companies. In addition, companies in the biotechnology industry spend heavily on research and development and their products or services may not prove commercially successful or may become obsolete quickly. The risks of high development costs may be exacerbated by the inability to raise prices as a result of managed care pressure, government regulation or price controls. Biotechnology companies can suffer persistent losses during the transition of new products from development to production or when products are or may be subject to regulatory approval processes or regulatory scrutiny and, as a consequence, the earnings of biotechnology companies may be erratic. Companies in the biotechnology industry are also exposed to the risk that they will be subject to products liability claims. Companies involved in the biotechnology industry may be subject to extensive government regulations by the Food and Drug Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, among other foreign and domestic regulators. Such regulation may significantly affect and limit biotechnology research, product development and approval of products.
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group.  The capital goods industry group may be affected by fluctuations in the business cycle and by other factors affecting manufacturing demands. The capital goods industry group depends heavily on corporate spending. The capital goods industry group may perform well during times of economic expansion, and as economic conditions worsen, the demand for capital goods may decrease due to weakening demand, worsening business cash flows, tighter credit controls and deteriorating profitability. During times of economic volatility, corporate spending may fall and adversely affect the capital goods industry group. This industry group may also be affected by changes in interest rates, corporate tax rates and other government policies. Many capital goods are sold internationally and such companies are subject to market conditions in other countries and regions.
Risk of Investing in the Clean Energy Sub-Industry.  Many clean energy companies are involved in the development and commercialization of new technologies, which may be subject to delays resulting from budget constraints and technological difficulties. Clean energy companies may be highly dependent upon government subsidies and contracts with government entities, and may be negatively affected if such subsidies or contracts are unavailable. Clean energy companies may depend on the successful development of new and proprietary technologies. There can be no assurance that the development of new technologies will be successful or that intellectual property rights will be obtained with respect to new technologies. The loss or impairment of intellectual property rights may adversely affect the profitability of clean energy companies. In addition, seasonal weather conditions, fluctuations in supply of, and demand for, clean energy products, international political events, the success of project development and change in government regulatory policies may cause fluctuations in the performance of clean energy companies and the prices of their securities.
Risk of Investing in the Commercial and Professional Services Industry Group.  The success of commercial and professional service providers is tied closely to the performance of domestic and international economies, interest rates, exchange rates, competition, availability of qualified personnel and corporate demand. The commercial and professional services industry group depends heavily on corporate spending. Companies in the commercial and professional services industry group may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector.  Companies engaged in the design, production or distribution of products or services for the consumer discretionary sector (including, without limitation, television and radio broadcasting, manufacturing, publishing, recording and musical instruments, motion pictures, photography, amusement and theme parks,
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gaming casinos, sporting goods and sports arenas, camping and recreational equipment, toys and games, apparel, travel-related services, automobiles, hotels and motels, and fast food and other restaurants) are subject to the risk that their products or services may become obsolete quickly. The success of these companies can depend heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. During periods of an expanding economy, the consumer discretionary sector may outperform the consumer staples sector, but may underperform when economic conditions worsen. Moreover, the consumer discretionary sector can be significantly affected by several factors, including, without limitation, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange rates, changing consumer preferences, demographics, marketing campaigns, cyclical revenue generation, consumer confidence, commodity price volatility, labor relations, interest rates, import and export controls, intense competition, technological developments and government regulation.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Durables Industry Group.  The consumer durables industry group includes companies involved in the design, production, or distribution of household durables, leisure equipment and goods, textiles, luxury goods or apparel, each of which may be affected by changes in domestic and international economies, consumer confidence, disposable household income and spending, and consumer tastes and preferences. Companies in the consumer durables industry group face intense competition, which may have an adverse effect on their profitability. The success of companies in the consumer durables industry group may be strongly affected by social trends and marketing campaigns. Companies in the consumer durables industry group may be dependent on outside financing, which may be difficult to obtain. Many of these companies are dependent on third party suppliers and distribution systems. Consumer durables companies may be unable to protect their intellectual property rights or may be liable for infringing the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, goods in the consumer durables industry group may face the risk of rapid obsolescence.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Goods Industry.  The success of the consumer goods industry is tied closely to the performance of the domestic and international economy, interest rates, exchange rates, competition, consumer confidence and consumer disposable income. The consumer goods industry may be strongly affected by trends, marketing campaigns and other factors affecting consumer demand. Governmental regulation affecting the use of various food additives may affect the profitability of certain companies in the consumer goods industry. Moreover, international events may affect food and beverage companies that derive a substantial portion of their net income from foreign countries. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by new laws, regulations and litigation. Many consumer goods may be marketed globally, and consumer goods companies may be affected by the demand and market conditions in other countries and regions. Companies in the consumer goods industry may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability. Changes in demographics and consumer preferences may affect the success of consumer products.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Services Industry.  The success of consumer product manufacturers and retailers (including food and drug retailers, general retailers, media, and travel and leisure) is tied closely to the performance of the domestic and international economy, interest rates, exchange rates, competition and consumer confidence. The consumer services industry depends heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. Companies in the consumer services industry may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability. Changes in demographics and consumer preferences may affect the success of consumer service providers.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector.  Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by changes in the global economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics and consumer preferences, and production spending. Companies in the consumer staples sector may also be affected by changes in global economic, environmental and political events, economic conditions, the depletion of resources, and government regulation. For instance, government regulations may affect the permissibility of using various food additives and production methods of companies that make food products, which could affect company profitability. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by the adoption of proposed legislation and/or by litigation. Companies in the consumer staples sector also may be subject to risks pertaining to the supply of, demand for and prices of raw materials. The prices of raw materials fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, changes in government agricultural support programs, exchange rates, import and export controls, changes in international agricultural and trading policies, and seasonal and weather conditions. Companies in the consumer staples sector may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability.
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector.  Companies in the energy sector are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, energy supply and demand, government regulations and policies, energy production and conservation efforts, technological change, and other factors that a Fund cannot control; these companies may lack resources and have
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limited business lines. The energy sector is cyclical and is highly dependent on commodity prices. Prices and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to national and international political changes, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the key energy-consuming countries.
Companies in the energy infrastructure industry may be adversely affected by terrorism, natural disasters or other catastrophes. Companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property, pollution or other environmental damage claims. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. Significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. Additionally, the Middle East, where many companies in the energy sector may operate, has recently seen widespread social unrest.
Companies in the energy sector may also be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, negative perception, efforts at energy conservation and world events in the regions in which the companies operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Because a significant portion of revenues of companies in this sector are derived from a relatively small number of customers that are largely composed of governmental entities and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on the stock prices of companies in this sector. The energy sector is highly regulated. Entities operating in the energy sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation can change rapidly or over time in both scope and intensity. Stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would likely increase compliance costs and may materially adversely affect the financial performance of companies in the energy sector.
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector.  Companies in the financials sector include regional and money center banks, securities brokerage firms, asset management companies, savings banks and thrift institutions, specialty finance companies (e.g., credit card, mortgage providers), insurance and insurance brokerage firms, financial conglomerates and foreign banking and financial companies. The global financial markets have experienced very difficult conditions and volatility as well as significant adverse trends. The conditions in these markets have resulted in a decrease in availability of corporate credit, capital and liquidity and have led indirectly to the insolvency, closure or acquisition of a number of financial institutions. These conditions have also contributed to consolidation within the financial industry. In addition, the global financial industry has been materially and adversely affected by a significant decline in the value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and by the sovereign debt crisis. The prospects of many financial companies are questionable and continue to evolve as financial companies revise their outlooks and write down assets that they hold.
Most financial companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which limits their activities and may affect their ability to earn a profit from a given line of business. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financials sector, including effects not intended by the regulation. Direct governmental intervention in the operations of financial companies and financial markets may materially and adversely affect the companies in which a Fund invests, including legislation in many countries that may increase government regulation, repatriation and other intervention. The impact of governmental intervention and legislative changes on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The valuation of financial companies has been and continues to be subject to unprecedented volatility and may be influenced by unpredictable factors, including interest rate risk and sovereign debt default. Certain financial businesses are subject to intense competitive pressures, including market share and price competition. Financial companies in foreign countries are subject to market specific and general regulatory and interest rate concerns. In particular, government regulation in certain foreign countries may include taxes and controls on interest rates, credit availability, minimum capital requirements, ban on short sales, prices and currency transfers.
The profitability of banks, savings and loan associations and financial companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change; for instance, when interest rates go up, the value of securities issued by many types of companies in the financials sector generally goes down. In other words, financial companies may be adversely affected in certain market cycles, including, without limitation, during periods of rising interest rates, which may restrict the availability and increase the cost of capital, and during periods of declining economic conditions, which may cause credit losses due to financial difficulties of borrowers.
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In addition, general economic conditions are important to the operations of these companies, and financial difficulties of borrowers may have an adverse effect on the profitability of financial companies. Financial companies can be highly dependent upon access to capital markets and any impediments to such access, such as adverse overall economic conditions or a negative perception in the capital markets of a financial company’s financial condition or prospects, could adversely affect its business. Deterioration of credit markets, as experienced in 2008 and 2009, can have an adverse impact on a broad range of financial markets, causing certain financial companies to incur large losses. In these conditions, companies in the financials sector may experience significant declines in the valuation of their assets, take actions to raise capital and even cease operations. Some financial companies may also be required to accept or borrow significant amounts of capital from government sources and may face future government imposed restrictions on their businesses or increased government intervention. In addition, there is no guarantee that governments will provide any such relief in the future. These actions may cause the securities of many companies in the financials sector to decline in value.
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector.  Companies in the healthcare sector are often issuers whose profitability may be affected by extensive government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising or falling costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure, an increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and other market developments. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection and the actual or perceived safety and efficiency of their products.
Patents have a limited duration and, upon expiration, other companies may market substantially similar “generic” products that are typically sold at a lower price than the patented product, causing the original developer of the product to lose market share and/or reduce the price charged for the product, resulting in lower profits for the original developer. As a result, the expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.
In addition, because the products and services of many companies in the healthcare sector affect the health and well-being of many individuals, these companies are especially susceptible to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the healthcare sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly, resulting in increased development costs, delayed cost recovery and loss of competitive advantage to the extent that rival companies have developed competing products or procedures, adversely affecting the company’s revenues and profitability. In other words, delays in the regulatory approval process may diminish the opportunity for a company to profit from a new product or to bring a new product to market, which could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Healthcare companies may also be strongly affected by scientific biotechnology or technological developments and their products may quickly become obsolete. Also, many healthcare companies offer products and services that are subject to governmental regulation and may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies or laws. Legislation introduced or considered by certain governments on any individual healthcare company or on the healthcare sector as a whole cannot be predicted. These laws and proposals span a wide range of topics, including cost control, national health insurance, incentives for compensation in the provision of healthcare services, tax incentives and penalties related to healthcare insurance premiums, and promotion of prepaid healthcare plans. No one can predict what proposals will be enacted or what potentially adverse effect they may have on healthcare-related or biotechnology-related companies.
Additionally, the expansion of facilities by healthcare related providers is subject to “determinations of need” by certain government authorities. This process not only increases the time and costs involved in these expansions, but also makes expansion plans uncertain, limiting the revenue and profitability growth potential of healthcare related facilities operators and negatively affecting the price of their securities. Moreover, in recent years both local and national governmental budgets have come under pressure to reduce spending and control healthcare costs, which could both adversely affect regulatory processes and public funding available for healthcare products, services and facilities.
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector.  The value of securities issued by companies in the industrials sector may be affected by supply and demand both for their specific products or services and for industrials sector products in general. The products of manufacturing companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Government regulations, world events and economic conditions affect the performance of companies in the industrials sector. The industrials sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced by unpredictable factors. Aerospace and defense companies, a component of the industrials sector, can be significantly affected by government spending policies because companies involved in this industry rely, to a significant extent, on government demand for their products and services. Thus, the financial condition of, and investor
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interest in, aerospace and defense companies are heavily influenced by governmental defense spending policies, which are typically under pressure from efforts to control government budgets. Transportation stocks, a component of the industrials sector, are cyclical and can be significantly affected by economic changes, fuel prices, labor relations and insurance costs. Transportation companies in certain countries may also be subject to significant government regulation and oversight, which may adversely affect their businesses. For example, commodity price declines and unit volume reductions resulting from an over-supply of materials used in the industrials sector can adversely affect the sector. Furthermore, companies in the industrials sector may be subject to liability for environmental damage, product liability claims, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control.
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector.  Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Like other technology companies, information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the information technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses. These risks are heightened for information technology companies in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Infrastructure Industry.  Companies in the infrastructure industry may be subject to a variety of factors that could adversely affect their business or operations, including high interest costs in connection with capital construction programs, high degrees of leverage, costs associated with governmental, environmental and other regulations, the effects of economic slowdowns, increased competition from other providers of services, uncertainties concerning costs, the level of government spending on infrastructure projects, and other factors. Infrastructure companies may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, import controls, depletion of resources, technological developments, and labor relations. There is also the risk that corruption may negatively affect publicly funded infrastructure projects, especially in emerging markets, resulting in delays and cost overruns. Infrastructure issuers can be significantly affected by government spending policies because companies involved in this industry rely to a significant extent on U.S. and other government demand for their products.
Infrastructure companies in the oil and gas industry may be adversely affected by government regulation or world events in the regions where the companies operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Infrastructure companies may have significant capital investments in, or engage in transactions involving, emerging market countries, which may heighten these risks.
Operations Risk. The failure of an infrastructure company to carry adequate insurance or to operate its assets appropriately could lead to significant losses. Infrastructure may be adversely affected by environmental clean-up costs and catastrophic events such as earthquakes, hurricanes and terrorist acts.
Customer Risk. Infrastructure companies can be dependent upon a narrow customer base. Additionally, if these customers fail to pay their obligations, significant revenues could be lost and may not be replaceable.
Regulatory Risk. Infrastructure companies may be subject to significant regulation by various governmental authorities and also may be affected by regulation of rates charged to customers, service interruption due to environmental, operational or other events, the imposition of special tariffs and changes in tax laws, regulatory policies and accounting standards.
Strategic Asset Risk. Infrastructure companies may control significant strategic assets (e.g., major pipelines or highways), which are assets that have a national or regional profile, and may have monopolistic characteristics. Given their national or regional profile or irreplaceable nature, strategic assets could generate additional risk not common in other industry sectors and they may be targeted for terrorist acts or adverse political actions.
Interest Rate Risk. Rising interest rates could result in higher costs of capital for infrastructure companies, which could negatively impact their ability to meet payment obligations.
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Leverage Risk. Infrastructure companies can be highly leveraged which increases investments risk and other risks normally associated with debt financing, and could adversely affect an infrastructure company's operations and market value in periods of rising interest rates.
Inflation Risk. Many infrastructure companies may have fixed income streams. Consequently, their market values may decline in times of higher inflation. Additionally, the prices that an infrastructure company is able to charge users of its assets may be linked to inflation, whether by government regulation, contractual arrangement or other factors. In this case, changes in the rate of inflation may affect the company's profitability.
Transportation Risk. The stock prices of companies in the transportation industry group are affected by both supply and demand for their specific product. Government regulation, world events and economic conditions may affect the performance of companies in the transportation industry group.
Oil and Gas Risk. The profitability of oil and gas companies is related to worldwide energy prices, exploration, and production spending.
Utilities Risk. Utilities companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on their profit margins. The rates charged by regulated utility companies are subject to review and limitation by governmental regulatory commissions.
Risk of Investing in the Insurance Industry Group.  The insurance industry group is subject to extensive government regulation in some countries and can be significantly affected by changes in interest rates, general economic conditions, price and marketing competition, the imposition of premium rate caps or other changes in government regulation or tax law. Different segments of the insurance industry group can be significantly affected by mortality and morbidity rates, environmental clean-up costs and catastrophic events such as earthquakes, hurricanes and terrorist acts.
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector.  Companies in the materials sector may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, technical progress, labor relations and government regulations, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control, among other factors. Also, companies in the materials sector are at risk of liability for environmental damage and product liability claims. Production of materials may exceed demand as a result of market imbalances or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns. These risks are heightened for companies in the materials sector located in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Media Industry Group.  Companies in the media industry group may encounter distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in formulating new products and services using new technology. Media companies are subject to risks that include cyclicality of revenues and earnings, a potential decrease in the discretionary income of targeted individuals, changing consumer tastes and interests, competition in the industry and the potential for increased state and federal regulation. Advertising spending is an important source of revenue for media companies. During economic downturns, advertising spending typically decreases and, as a result, media companies tend to generate less revenue.
Risk of Investing in the Medical Equipment Industry Group.  Many companies in the medical equipment industry group are heavily dependent on patent protection, and the expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Companies in the medical equipment industry group may be subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims as well as competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. The profitability of some medical equipment companies may be dependent on a relatively limited number of products. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies or other market developments. Many new products in the medical equipment industry group are subject to regulatory approvals, and the process of obtaining such approvals is long and costly.
Risk of Investing in the Natural Resources Industry.   The profitability of companies in the natural resources industry can be affected by worldwide energy prices, limits on exploration, and production spending. Companies in the natural resources industry are affected by government regulation, world events and economic conditions. Companies in the natural resources industry are at risk for environmental damage claims. Companies in the natural resources industry could be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, imposition of import controls and increased competition. Companies in the natural resources industry may be adversely affected by depletion of natural resources, technological developments, and labor relations.
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Risk of Investing in the Nuclear Energy Sub-Industry.  The energy sector can be significantly affected by obsolescence of existing technology, short product cycles, falling prices and profits, competition from new market entrants and general economic conditions. Further, the energy sector can be significantly affected by intense competition and legislation resulting in more strict government regulations and enforcement policies and specific expenditures for cleanup efforts, and can be subject to risks associated with hazardous materials. The nuclear energy sub-industry can be significantly affected by fluctuations in energy prices and supply and demand of alternative energy fuels, energy conservation, the success of exploration projects and tax and other government regulations. The sub-industry also can be significantly affected by the supply of and demand for specific products or services, the supply of and demand for oil and gas, the price of oil and gas, production spending, government regulation, world events and economic conditions.
Energy companies face a significant risk of civil liability from accidents resulting in injury or loss of life or property, pollution or other environmental mishaps, equipment malfunctions or mishandling of materials and a risk of loss from terrorism and natural disasters. Any such event could have serious consequences for the general population of the area affected and result in a material adverse impact on the Fund’s portfolio securities and the performance of the Fund. The nuclear power plant catastrophe in Japan in March 2011 may have short-term and long-term effects on the nuclear energy sub-industry, the extent of which are unknown.
Risk of Investing in the Oil and Gas Industry.  Companies in the oil and gas industry are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, oil and gas supply and demand, government regulations and policies, oil and gas production and conservation efforts and technological change. The oil and gas industry is cyclical and from time to time may experience a shortage of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies or qualified personnel, or due to significant demand, such services may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. Prices and supplies of oil and gas may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to national and international political changes, OPEC policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economies of key energy-consuming countries. Disruptions in the oil sub-industry or shifts in energy consumption may significantly impact companies in this industry. For instance, significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. In addition, the Middle East, where many companies in the oil and gas industry may operate, has recently seen widespread social unrest. Oil and gas companies operate in a highly competitive industry, with intense price competition. A significant portion of their revenues may depend on a relatively small number of customers, including governmental entities and utilities.
Risk of Investing in the Pharmaceuticals Industry.  Companies in the pharmaceuticals industry are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. The profitability of some companies in the pharmaceuticals industry may be dependent on a relatively limited number of products. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies or other market developments. Many new products in the pharmaceuticals industry are subject to government approvals, regulation and reimbursement rates. The process of obtaining government approvals may be long and costly. Many companies in the pharmaceuticals industry are heavily dependent on patents and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Companies in the pharmaceutical industry may be subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims.
Risk of Investing in the Producer Durables Industry Group.  The producer durables industry group includes companies involved in the design, manufacture or distribution of industrial durables such as electrical equipment and components, industrial products, and housing and telecommunications equipment. These companies may be affected by changes in domestic and international economies and politics, consolidation, and excess capacity. Companies in the producer durables industry group face intense competition, which may have an adverse effect on their profitability. The success of companies in the producer durables industry group may be strongly affected by changes in consumer demands, spending, tastes and preferences. Companies in the producer durables industry group may be dependent on outside financing, which may be difficult to obtain. Producer durables companies may be unable to protect their intellectual property rights or may be liable for infringing the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, these companies may be significantly affected by other factors such as economic cycles, rapid technical obsolescence, government regulations, labor relations, delays in modernization, and overall capital spending levels.
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Risk of Investing in the Real Estate Industry Group.  Companies in the real estate industry group include companies that invest in real estate, such as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) or a real estate holding company (collectively, “Real Estate Companies”). Investing in Real Estate Companies exposes investors to the risks of owning real estate directly, as well as to risks that relate specifically to the way in which Real Estate Companies are organized and operated. Real estate is highly sensitive to general and local economic conditions and developments, and characterized by intense competition and periodic overbuilding. Investing in Real Estate Companies involves various risks. Some risks that are specific to Real Estate Companies are discussed in greater detail below.
Interest Rate Risk. Rising interest rates could result in higher costs of capital for Real Estate Companies, which could negatively impact a Real Estate Company’s ability to meet its payment obligations.
Leverage Risk. Real Estate Companies may use leverage (and some may be highly leveraged), which increases investment risk and could adversely affect a Real Estate Company’s operations and market value in periods of rising interest rates. Real Estate Companies are also exposed to the risks normally associated with debt financing. Financial covenants related to a Real Estate Company’s leverage may affect the ability of the Real Estate Company to operate effectively. In addition, real property may be subject to the quality of credit extended and defaults by borrowers and tenants. If the properties do not generate sufficient income to meet operating expenses, including, where applicable, debt service, ground lease payments, tenant improvements, third-party leasing commissions and other capital expenditures, the income and ability of a Real Estate Company to make payments of any interest and principal on its debt securities will be adversely affected.
Property Risk. Real Estate Companies may be subject to risks relating to functional obsolescence or reduced desirability of properties; extended vacancies due to economic conditions and tenant bankruptcies; catastrophic events such as earthquakes, hurricanes and terrorist acts; and casualty or condemnation losses. Real estate income and values also may be greatly affected by demographic trends, such as population shifts or changing tastes and values, or increasing vacancies or declining rents resulting from legal, cultural, technological, global or local economic developments.
Management Risk. Real Estate Companies are dependent upon management skills and may have limited financial resources. Real Estate Companies are generally not diversified and may be subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, transactions between Real Estate Companies and their affiliates may be subject to conflicts of interest, which may adversely affect a Real Estate Company’s shareholders. A Real Estate Company may also have joint venture investments in certain of its properties and, consequently, its ability to control decisions relating to such properties may be limited.
Liquidity Risk. Investing in Real Estate Companies may involve risks similar to those associated with investing in small-capitalization companies. Real Estate Company securities, like the securities of smaller capitalization companies, may be more volatile than, and perform differently from, shares of large-capitalization companies. There may be less trading in Real Estate Company shares, which means that buy and sell transactions in those shares could have a magnified impact on share price, resulting in abrupt or erratic price fluctuations. In addition, real estate is relatively illiquid and, therefore, a Real Estate Company may have a limited ability to vary or liquidate properties in response to changes in economic or other conditions.
Concentration Risk. Real Estate Companies may own a limited number of properties and concentrate their investments in a particular geographic region or property type.
U.S. Tax Risk. Certain U.S. Real Estate Companies are subject to special U.S. federal tax requirements. A REIT that fails to comply with such tax requirements may be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, which may affect the value of the REIT and the characterization of the REIT’s distributions. The U.S. federal tax requirement that a REIT distribute substantially all of its net income to its shareholders may result in a REIT having insufficient capital for future expenditures.
Regulatory Risk. Real estate income and values may be adversely affected by such factors as applicable domestic and foreign laws (including tax laws). Government actions, such as tax increases, zoning law changes or environmental regulations, also may have a major impact on real estate.
Risk of Investing in the Retail Industry Group.  The retail industry group may be affected by changes in domestic and international economies, consumer confidence, disposable household income and spending, and consumer tastes and preferences. Companies in the retail industry group face intense competition, which may have an adverse effect on their profitability. The success of companies in the retail industry group may be strongly affected by social trends and marketing
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campaigns. Companies in the retail industry group may be dependent on outside financing, which may be difficult to obtain. Many of these companies are dependent on third party suppliers and distribution systems. Retail companies may be unable to protect their intellectual property rights or may be liable for infringing the intellectual property rights of others.
Risk of Investing in the Technology Industry Group.  Technology companies are characterized by periodic new product introductions, innovations and evolving industry standards, and, as a result, face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Companies in the technology industry group are often smaller and less experienced companies and may be subject to greater risks than larger companies, such as limited product lines, markets and financial and managerial resources; these risks may be heightened for technology companies in foreign markets. Technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, changes in consumer and business purchasing patterns, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. In addition, a rising interest rate environment tends to negatively affect companies in the technology industry group because, in such an environment, those companies with high market valuations may appear less attractive to investors, which may cause sharp decreases in the companies’ market prices. Companies in the technology industry group are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. The technology industry group may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced or characterized by unpredictable factors. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the technology industry group may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector.  The telecommunications sector of an economy is often subject to extensive government regulation. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failure to receive required regulatory approvals, or the enactment of new adverse regulatory requirements may negatively affect the business of the telecommunications companies. Government actions around the world, specifically in the area of pre-marketing clearance of products and prices, can be arbitrary and unpredictable. Companies in the telecommunications sector may experience distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in formulating new products and services using new technology. Technological innovations may make the products and services of telecommunications companies obsolete. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the telecommunications sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Timber and Forestry Industry.  The market value of timber and forestry companies may be negatively affected by events occurring in nature and by international and local politics. Natural disasters such as wild fires, volcanic eruptions, flooding, and severe weather conditions may affect the output of timber and timber-related products, and demand for timber and timber-related products in the U.S. and internationally may decrease due to new or changed tariffs, quotas or trade agreements. Rising interest rates or unfavorable economic conditions could also negatively affect the prices of or demand for timber and timber-related products.
Risk of Investing in the Transportation Industry Group.  Issuers in the transportation industry group can be significantly affected by economic changes, fuel prices, labor relations, technology developments, exchange rates, industry competition, and insurance costs. Transportation companies in certain countries may also be subject to significant government regulation and oversight, which may adversely affect their businesses. Other risk factors that may affect transportation companies include the risk of increases in fuel and other operating costs and the effects of regulatory changes or other government decisions. Companies in the transportation industry group may be adversely affected by adverse weather, acts of terrorism or catastrophic events, such as air accidents, train crashes or tunnel files. Companies in the transportation industry group may also be subject to the risk of widespread disruption of technology systems and increasing equipment and operational costs.
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector.  Investments in utility companies involve special considerations, including the risk of changing commodity prices, government regulation stipulating rates charged by utilities, increased tariffs, changes in tax laws, interest rate fluctuations and changes in the cost of providing specific utility services. The utilities industry is also subject to potential terrorist attacks, natural disasters and severe weather conditions, as well as regulatory and operational burdens associated with the operation and maintenance of nuclear facilities. Government regulators monitor and control utility revenues and costs, and therefore may limit utility profits. In certain countries, regulatory authorities may also restrict a company’s access to new markets, thereby diminishing the company’s long-term prospects.
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There are substantial differences among the regulatory practices and policies of various jurisdictions, and any regulatory agency may make major shifts in policy from time to time. There is no assurance that regulatory authorities will, in the future, grant rate increases or that such increases will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on common stocks issued by a utility company. Additionally, existing and possible future regulatory legislation may make it even more difficult for utilities to obtain adequate relief. Certain of the issuers of securities held in a Fund’s portfolio may own or operate nuclear generating facilities. Governmental authorities may from time to time review existing policies and impose additional requirements governing the licensing, construction and operation of nuclear power plants. Prolonged changes in climatic conditions can also have a significant impact on both the revenues of an electric and gas utility as well as the expenses of a utility, particularly a hydro-based electric utility.
The rates that traditional regulated utility companies may charge their customers generally are subject to review and limitation by governmental regulatory commissions. Due to political and regulatory factors, rate changes ordinarily occur only following a delay after the changes in financing costs or may not occur at all. This will tend to favorably affect a regulated utility company’s earnings and dividends in times of decreasing costs, but conversely, will tend to adversely affect earnings and dividends when costs are rising. The value of regulated utility debt securities (and, to a lesser extent, equity securities) tends to have an inverse relationship to the movement of interest rates. Certain utility companies have experienced full or partial deregulation in recent years. These utility companies are frequently more similar to industrial companies in that they are subject to greater competition and have been permitted by regulators to diversify outside of their original geographic regions and their traditional lines of business. As a result, some companies may be forced to defend their core business and may be less profitable.
Proxy Voting Policy
The Trust has adopted, as its proxy voting policies for each Fund, the proxy voting guidelines of BFA, the investment adviser to each Fund. The Trust has delegated to BFA the responsibility for voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by each Fund. The remainder of this section discusses each Fund’s proxy voting guidelines and BFA’s role in implementing such guidelines.
BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies for each Fund in a manner that BFA, in the exercise of its independent business judgment, concludes is in the best economic interests of such Fund. In some cases, BFA may determine that it is in the best economic interests of a Fund to refrain from exercising the Fund’s proxy voting rights (such as, for example, proxies on certain non-U.S. securities that might impose costly or time-consuming in-person voting requirements). With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, BFA’s approach is also driven by each Fund's economic interests. The evaluation of the economic desirability of recalling loans involves balancing the revenue-producing value of loans against the likely economic value of casting votes. Based on our evaluation of this relationship, we believe that the likely economic value of casting a vote generally is less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by BFA recalling loaned securities in order to ensure they are voted. Periodically, BFA analyzes the process and benefits of voting proxies for securities on loan, and will consider whether any modification of its proxy voting policies or procedures are necessary in light of any regulatory changes. BFA will normally vote on specific proxy issues in accordance with its proxy voting guidelines. BFA’s proxy voting guidelines provide detailed guidance as to how to vote proxies on certain important or commonly raised issues. BFA may, in the exercise of its business judgment, conclude that the proxy voting guidelines do not cover the specific matter upon which a proxy vote is requested, or that an exception to the proxy voting guidelines would be in the best economic interests of a Fund. BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of such issuer) to a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates, or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates. When voting proxies, BFA attempts to encourage issuers to follow practices that enhance shareholder value and increase transparency and allow the market to place a proper value on their assets. With respect to certain specific issues:
Each Fund generally supports the board’s nominees in the election of directors and generally supports proposals that strengthen the independence of boards of directors;
Each Fund generally does not support proposals on social issues that lack a demonstrable economic benefit to the issuer and the Fund investing in such issuer; and
Each Fund generally votes against anti-takeover proposals and proposals that would create additional barriers or costs to corporate transactions that are likely to deliver a premium to shareholders.
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BFA maintains institutional policies and procedures that are designed to prevent any relationship between the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of the issuer) and a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates (if any) or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates, from having undue influence on BFA’s proxy voting activity. In certain instances, BFA may determine to engage an independent fiduciary to vote proxies as a further safeguard against potential conflicts of interest or as otherwise required by applicable law. The independent fiduciary may either vote such proxies or provide BFA with instructions as to how to vote such proxies. In the latter case, BFA votes the proxy in accordance with the independent fiduciary’s determination.
Information with respect to how BFA voted proxies relating to the Funds' portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30 is available: (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or through the Funds' website at www.iShares.com; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio holdings information that requires that such information be disclosed in a manner that: (i) is consistent with applicable legal requirements and in the best interests of each Fund’s respective shareholders; (ii) does not put the interests of BFA, the Distributor or any affiliated person of BFA or the Distributor, above those of Fund shareholders; (iii) does not advantage any current or prospective Fund shareholders over any other current or prospective Fund shareholders, except to the extent that certain Entities (as described below) may receive portfolio holdings information not available to other current or prospective Fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units, as discussed below; and (iv) does not provide selective access to portfolio holdings information except pursuant to the procedures outlined below and to the extent appropriate confidentiality arrangements limiting the use of such information are in effect. The “Entities” referred to in sub-section (iii) above are generally limited to National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) members, subscribers to various fee-based subscription services, large institutional investors (known as “Authorized Participants”) that have been authorized by the Distributor to purchase and redeem large blocks of shares pursuant to legal requirements and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information services.
Each business day, each Fund's portfolio holdings information is provided to the Distributor or other agent for dissemination through the facilities of the NSCC and/or other fee-based subscription services to NSCC members and/or subscribers to those other fee-based subscription services, including Authorized Participants, and to entities that publish and/or analyze such information in connection with the process of purchasing or redeeming Creation Units or trading shares of the Funds in the secondary market. This information typically reflects each Fund’s anticipated holdings on the following business day.
Daily access to information concerning the Funds' portfolio holdings is permitted (i) to certain personnel of those service providers that are involved in portfolio management and providing administrative, operational, risk management, or other support to portfolio management, including affiliated broker-dealers and Authorized Participants; and (ii) to other personnel of the Funds' investment adviser (and Sub-Adviser) and the Distributor, administrator, custodian and fund accountant who deal directly with or assist in, functions related to investment management, distribution, administration, custody and fund accounting, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with agreements with the Funds and the terms of the Funds' current registration statements. In addition, each Fund discloses its portfolio holdings and the percentages they represent of the Fund's net assets at least monthly, and as often as each day the Fund is open for business, at www.iShares.com. More information about this disclosure is available at www.iShares.com.
Portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds in the ordinary course of business after it has been disseminated to the NSCC. From time to time, information concerning portfolio holdings other than portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds, including rating or ranking organizations, in the ordinary course of business, no earlier than one business day following the date of the information.
Each Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings schedule in public filings with the SEC within 70 days after the end of each fiscal quarter and will provide that information to shareholders as required by federal securities laws and regulations thereunder. A Fund may, however, voluntarily disclose all or part of its portfolio holdings other than in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, in advance of required filings with the SEC, provided that such information
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is made generally available to all shareholders and other interested parties in a manner that is consistent with the above policy for disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Such information may be made available through a publicly-available website or other means that make the information available to all likely interested parties contemporaneously.
The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information pursuant to the above policy and procedures.
The Board reviews the policy and procedures for disclosure of portfolio holdings information at least annually.
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes
Descriptions of the Underlying Indexes are provided below.
NASDAQ Biotechnology Index®
Number of Components: approximately 125
Index Description. The NASDAQ Biotechnology Index is designed to track the performance of a set of securities listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market® (NASDAQ®) that are classified as either biotechnology or pharmaceutical according to the Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB) and that also meet other eligibility criteria determined by The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. (“NASDAQ OMX”). The NASDAQ Biotechnology Index is a modified market capitalization-weighted index.
Eligibility. Underlying Index eligibility is limited to common stocks, ordinary shares, ADRs, and shares of beneficial interest or limited partnership interests that are listed on NASDAQ. Companies must also meet certain minimum market capitalization, liquidity, and other criteria to be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index.
Index Maintenance and Issue Changes. Index securities are evaluated annually in December. Generally, the list of additions and deletions is publicly announced via a press release in the early part of December. Security additions and deletions are made effective after the close of trading on the third Friday in December. Moreover, if at any time during the year other than the evaluation, an index security no longer meets the eligibility criteria, or is otherwise determined to have become ineligible for continued inclusion in the Underlying Index, the security is removed from the Underlying Index and will not be replaced.
Quarterly Index Rebalancing. The Underlying Index employs a modified market capitalization-weighting methodology. At each quarter, the Index is rebalanced such that the maximum weight of any index security does not exceed 8% and no more than 5 securities are at that cap. The excess weight of any capped security is distributed proportionally across the remaining index securities. If after redistribution, any of the 5 highest ranked index securities are weighted below 8%, these securities are not capped. Next, any remaining index securities in excess of 4% are capped at 4% and the excess weight is redistributed proportionally across the remaining index securities. The process is repeated, if necessary, to derive the final weights.
The modified market capitalization-weighting methodology is applied to the capitalization of each index security using the last sale price of the security at the close of trading on the last trading day in February, May, August and November and after applying quarterly changes to the total shares outstanding. The changes are effective after trading on the third Friday in March, June, September and December.
NASDAQ OMX may, from time to time, exercise reasonable discretion as it deems appropriate in order to ensure Underlying Index integrity.
The Russell Indexes
Component Selection Criteria. The securities in the Russell indexes (sometimes referred to as the “components”) are reconstituted annually typically after the close on the last Friday in June to reflect changes in the marketplace. The Russell Top 200® Index, Russell 2000® Index and the Russell 1000® Index are subsets of the Russell 3000® Index. The starting universe for the Russell 3000® Index includes all issuers listed on a U.S. Exchange that are either U.S. incorporated or incorporated in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions as Benefit-Driven Incorporations (typically tax benefit incorporations), subject to the following rules and exceptions:
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Stocks must trade at or above $1.00 on the last business day of May to be eligible for inclusion. Existing members are analyzed using the average for the month of May if their price is lower than $1;
Although only one class of security is allowed into the Russell indexes, all common classes are combined to determine total market capitalization and available float;
Tracking stocks are considered individually for membership; and
Also excluded are preferred and convertible preferred stock, participating preferred stock, redeemable shares, warrants and rights, trust receipts, royalty trusts, limited liability issuers, OTC bulletin boards and pink sheet stocks, mutual funds, limited partnerships, and foreign stocks.
All eligible securities are sorted by decreasing total market capitalization to determine index eligibility.
For all Russell indexes, the weights of component issuers are adjusted based on available float-weighted capitalization according to the market value of their available outstanding shares. The impact of a component’s price change is proportional to the issuer’s total market value, which is the share price times the number of shares available. Each Russell index is adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events.
Russell Investments uses a probability measure to assign stocks to the growth and value style indexes. The probability measure is used to indicate the degree of certainty that a stock is value or growth, based on three fundamental indicators: relative price-to-book (“PB”) ratio, I/B/E/S forecast medium-term growth (2 years) and sales per share historical growth (5 years). This method allows stocks to be represented as having both growth and value characteristics, while preserving the additive nature of the indexes. As a result, a stock may be a component of a Russell growth style index and also a component of the corresponding value style index, although the stock would likely have a different weight in each index.
Issue Changes. Securities that leave the Russell indexes between reconstitution dates are not replaced. Thus, the number of securities in the investments over the year will fluctuate according to corporate activity. When a stock is acquired, delisted or moves to the pink sheets or OTC bulletin boards, the stock is deleted from the relevant indexes.
When acquisitions or mergers take place, the stock’s capitalization moves to the acquiring stock, hence, mergers have no effect on index total capitalization if the acquiring stock is part of the index. The only additions between reconstitution dates are as a result of spin-offs and initial public offerings.
Index Maintenance. Maintaining the Russell indexes includes monitoring and completing the adjustments for company additions and deletions, share changes, stock splits, stock dividends, and stock price adjustments due to restructuring and spin-offs and quarterly initial public offerings. In addition, significant share capital changes are made at month-end. The divisor is adjusted for all changes in company market value to leave the value of the investments unaffected. All divisor adjustments are made after the close of trading and after the calculation of the closing value of the Russell indexes.
Index Availability. The Russell indexes are calculated continuously and are available from major data vendors.
Russell 1000® Growth Index
Number of Components: approximately 574
Index Description. The Russell 1000 Growth Index measures the performance of the large-capitalization growth sector of the U.S. equity market. It is a subset of the Russell 1000 Index. It is a style factor weighted index consisting of those issuers within the Russell 1000 Index that have higher BP ratios and higher forecasted growth and represents approximately 48% of the total market value of the Russell 1000 Index.
Russell 1000® Index
Number of Components: approximately 990
Index Description. The Russell 1000 Index measures the performance of the large-capitalization sector of the U.S. equity market. It is a subset of the Russell 3000 Index and serves as the underlying index for the Russell 1000 Growth and Value Indexes, and the Russell Top 200 and MidCap series. It is a float-adjusted capitalization-weighted index consisting of the 1000 largest issuers in the Russell 3000 Index. The Underlying Index represents approximately 91% of the market capitalization of listed U.S. equities and is a leading benchmark of the large cap U.S. market. The Underlying Index represents approximately 92% of the market capitalization of the Russell 3000 Index.
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Russell 1000® Value Index
Number of Components: approximately 695
Index Description. The Russell 1000 Value Index measures the performance of the large-capitalization value sector of the U.S. equity market. It is a subset of the Russell 1000 Index. It is a style factor weighted index consisting of those issuers within the Russell 1000 Index that have lower BP ratios and lower forecasted growth and represents approximately 52% of the total market value of the Russell 1000 Index.
Russell 2000® Growth Index
Number of Components: approximately 1,104
Index Description. The Russell 2000 Growth Index measures the performance of the small-capitalization growth sector of the U.S. equity market. It is a subset of the Russell 2000 Index. It is a style factor weighted index consisting of those issuers within the Russell 2000 Index that have higher BP ratios and higher forecasted growth and represents approximately 49% of the total market value of the Russell 2000 Index.
Russell 2000® Index
Number of Components: approximately 1,952
Index Description. The Russell 2000 Index measures the performance of the small-capitalization sector of the U.S. equity market. It is a subset of the Russell 3000 Index and serves as the underlying index for the Russell 2000 Growth and Value Indexes. It is a float-adjusted capitalization-weighted index consisting of the 2000 smallest issuers in the Russell 3000 Index. The Underlying Index represents approximately 9% of the market capitalization of listed U.S. equities and is a leading benchmark of the U.S. small cap equity market. The Underlying Index has a total market capitalization of approximately $1.4 trillion.
Russell 2000® Value Index
Number of Components: approximately 1,403
Index Description. The Russell 2000 Value Index measures the performance of the small-capitalization value sector of the U.S. equity market. It is a subset of the Russell 2000 Index. It is a style factor weighted index consisting of those issuers within the Russell 2000 Index that have lower BP ratios and lower forecasted growth and represents approximately 51% of the total market value of the Russell 2000 Index.
Russell 3000® Growth Index
Number of Components: approximately 1,678
Index Description. The Russell 3000 Growth Index measures the performance of the growth sector of the broad U.S. equity market. It is a subset of the Russell 3000 Index. It is a style factor weighted index consisting of those issuers within the Russell 3000 Index that have higher BP ratios and higher forecasted growth and represents approximately 48% of the total market value of the Russell 3000 Index.
Russell 3000® Index
Number of Components: approximately 2,942
Index Description. The Russell 3000 Index measures the performance of the broad U.S. equity market. It serves as the underlying index for Russell 3000 Growth and Value Indexes and the Russell 1000 and Russell 2000 Indexes, as well as each respective Growth and Value Indexes. It is a float-adjusted capitalization-weighted index of the 3000 largest issuers determined to have the U.S. as their primary country of risk. The Russell 3000 Index represents approximately 98% of the market capitalization of listed U.S. equities and is a leading benchmark of the broad U.S. equity market.
Russell 3000® Value Index
Number of Components: approximately 2,098
Index Description. The Russell 3000 Value Index measures the performance of the value sector of the broad U.S. equity market. It is a subset of the Russell 3000 Index. It is a style factor weighted index consisting of those issuers within the Russell 3000 Index that have lower BP ratios and lower forecasted growth and represents approximately 52% of the total market value of the Russell 3000 Index.
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Russell Microcap® Index
Number of Components: approximately 1,432
Index Description. The Russell Microcap Index measures the performance of the microcap sector of the U.S. equity market. The Russell Microcap Index consists of approximately the 1,000 smallest issuers in the Russell 3000 Index plus the next smallest 1,000 issuers in the equity universe as determined by Russell. The Underlying Index is a float-adjusted capitalization-weighted index and includes issuers ranging in total market capitalization from approximately $30 million to $668 million, though these amounts may change from time to time. The Underlying Index included issuers representing approximately 1.84% of the total market capitalization of listed U.S. equity securities.
Russell Midcap® Growth Index
Number of Components: approximately 459
Index Description. The Russell Midcap Growth Index is a style factor weighted index that measures the performance of the mid-capitalization growth sector of the U.S. equity market. It is a subset of the Russell Midcap Index, representing approximately 46% of the total market value of the Russell Midcap Index. The Underlying Index measures the performance of those Russell Midcap Index issuers with higher BP ratios and higher forecasted growth.
Russell Midcap® Index
Number of Components: approximately 796
Index Description. The Russell Midcap Index is a float-adjusted capitalization-weighted index that measures the performance of the mid-capitalization sector of the U.S. equity market. The Russell Midcap Index consists of the 800 smallest issuers in the Russell 1000 Index reflecting issuers which range in size between approximately $1.4 billion and $17.4 billion, though these amounts may change from time to time. The Russell Midcap Index represents approximately 28% of the total market capitalization of the Russell 1000 companies.
Russell Midcap® Value Index
Number of Components: approximately 562
Index Description. The Russell Midcap Value Index is a style factor weighted index that measures the performance of the mid-capitalization value sector of the U.S. equity market. It is a subset of the Russell Midcap Index, representing approximately 54% of the total market value of the Russell Midcap Index. The Underlying Index measures the performance of those Russell Midcap Index issuers with lower BP ratios and lower forecasted growth.
Russell Top 200® Growth Index
Number of Components: approximately 115
Index Description. The Russell Top 200 Growth Index measures the largest capitalization growth sector of the U.S. equity market. It is a subset of the Russell Top 200 Index, which consists of the 200 largest issues in the Russell 3000 Index. The Underlying Index is a style factor weighted index consisting of those issuers within the Russell Top 200 Index that have higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth and represents approximately 49% of the total market value of the Russell Top 200 Index. Many issuers are represented in both the Russell Top 200 Growth Index and the Russell Top 200 Value Index.
Russell Top 200® Index
Number of Components: approximately 194
Index Description. The Russell Top 200 Index measures the performance of the largest capitalization sector of the U.S. equity market. It is a float-adjusted capitalization-weighted index consisting of the 200 largest issuers in the Russell 3000 Index. The Russell 3000 Index represents approximately 98% of the total market capitalization of all publicly-traded U.S. equity securities. The Russell Top 200 Index represents approximately 63% of the total market capitalization of the Russell 3000 Index and serves as the underlying index for both the Russell Top 200 Growth and Value Indexes. The Underlying Index represents approximately 64% of the market value of listed U.S. equities.
Russell Top 200® Value Index
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Number of Components: approximately 133
Index Description. The Russell Top 200 Value Index measures the largest capitalization value sector of the U.S. equity market. It is a subset of the Russell Top 200 Index, which consists of the 200 largest issuers in the Russell 3000 Index. The Underlying Index is a style factor weighted index consisting of those issuers within the Russell Top 200 Index that have lower price-to-book ratios and lower forecasted growth and represents approximately 51% of the total market value of the Russell Top 200 Index. Many issuers are represented in both the Russell Top 200 Growth Index and the Russell Top 200 Value Index.
The S&P Indexes
Component Selection Criteria for Domestic Indexes. The S&P Dow Jones Index Committee is responsible for the overall management of the S&P Dow Jones Indices (“S&P Dow Jones Indices”). Issuers (i.e., the “components”) selected for the S&P U.S. Indexes represent a broad range of industry segments within the U.S. economy. The starting universe of publicly traded U.S. issuers classified by the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS®) is screened to eliminate ADRs, mutual funds, limited partnerships, royalty trusts, certain holding issuers, OTC bulletin board issues, pink sheet-listed issues, closed-end funds, ETFs and tracking stocks. REITs, except for mortgage REITs, are eligible for inclusion in the Indexes. The stock of each constituent must trade on either the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), the NYSE Amex Equities or on NASDAQ. Additionally, only one share class per constituent will be included in an Index. The share class is selected by S&P and is generally defined as the largest, most liquid share class. Issuers with multiple share classes will have the classes combined for purposes of calculation of market capitalization. The following criteria are then analyzed to determine an issuer’s eligibility for inclusion in the S&P Indexes: (i) ownership of an issuer’s outstanding common stock, in order to screen out closely held issuers; (ii) trading volume of an issuer’s shares, in order to ensure ample liquidity and efficient share pricing; and (iii) the financial and operating condition of an issuer.
The S&P Dow Jones Indices are capitalization-weighted, based on the following formula: number of outstanding shares of a constituent (as determined by the float-adjusted market capitalization using S&P’s methodology) multiplied by the constituent’s share price. Issuers with float-adjusted market capitalizations below certain thresholds are not eligible for the Indexes. In addition, the market capitalization of an issuer eligible for inclusion typically must be greater than the Index’s minimum market capitalization at the time it is being considered for Index inclusion. The market capitalizations of an Index’s constituents are adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events. The market capitalizations of an Index’s constituent are adjusted for all strategic holdings, including private, corporate, and government holdings.
Component Selection Criteria for International Indexes. Stocks are eligible for the S&P Global Indices if they meet criteria for size, liquidity, profitability, and sector and market representation. Each of the S&P Global Indices is balanced across country and sector weights in the region/market. The S&P Global Indices begin with an eligible investable universe of stocks covering approximately 95% of each country’s total market capitalization. In some cases, the S&P Global Indexes may include ADRs and GDRs. Stocks with relatively small market capitalization or insufficient liquidity are excluded by S&P. To identify a candidate pool for index constituent selection, all stocks are carefully examined using a set of general criteria. The specific securities are then screened for industry sector classification; thus, the eligible securities are ranked according to GICS. Then, the Index components, now determined, are weighted on the basis of S&P’s float-adjusted, market capitalization methodology. Generally, S&P observes a prospective constituent’s liquidity over a period of at least six months before consideration for inclusion. However, there may be extraordinary situations when issuers should be added immediately (e.g., certain privatizations). When a particular issuer dominates its home market, it may be excluded from an Index if analysis of the sectors reveals that its securities are not as liquid as those of similar issuers in other countries. Once a year, the float adjustments will be reviewed and potentially changed based on such review. The values of an Index’s constituents are adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events. The market capitalization of index constituent issuers is adjusted for all strategic holdings, including private, corporate, and government holdings.
With respect to the non-U.S. components of the S&P Global Indexes, the eligible universe of index components that are considered for inclusion are from the following S&P Dow Jones Indices: (i) the S&P/TSX 60 (Toronto Stock Exchange), which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks of the publicly listed issuers in the Canadian equities market; (ii) the S&P/TOPIX 150 (Tokyo Stock Exchange) which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks of the publicly-listed issuers in the Japanese equities market; (iii) S&P/ASX All-Australian 50 Index (Australian Stock Exchange), which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks in the Australian equities market; (iv) the S&P Asia 50, which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks of four major equities
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markets in Asia (Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore); (v) the S&P Latin America 40, which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks from major sectors of the Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Chilé equity markets; and (vi) the S&P Europe 350, which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks of the publicly listed issuers in the region, covering approximately 70% of the region’s market capitalization.
Issue Changes. General oversight responsibility for the S&P Dow Jones Indices, including overall policy guidelines and methodology, is handled by the S&P Global Index Committee. Maintenance of component investments, including additions and deletions to these investments, is the responsibility of separate regional index committees composed of S&P staff specialized in the various regional equity markets and, in some cases, with the assistance of local stock exchanges. Public announcements of index changes as the result of committee decisions will generally be made two business days in advance of the anticipated effective date whenever possible, although for exceptional corporate events announcements may be made earlier.
Index Maintenance. Maintaining the S&P Dow Jones Indices includes monitoring and completing the adjustments for issuer additions and deletions, share changes, stock splits, stock dividends, and stock price adjustments due to restructuring and spin-offs. An issuer will be removed from the S&P Dow Jones Indices as a result of mergers/acquisitions, bankruptcy, or restructuring. An issuer is removed from the relevant index as close as possible to the actual date on which the event occurred. An issuer can be removed from an index because it no longer meets current criteria for inclusion and/or is no longer representative of its industry group. All replacement issuers are selected based on the above component section criteria.
When calculating index weights, individual constituents’ shares held by governments, corporations, strategic partners, or other control groups are excluded from the issuer’s shares outstanding. Shares owned by other issuers are also excluded regardless of whether they are index constituents. In countries with regulated environments, where a foreign investment limit exists at the sector or issuer level, the constituent’s weight will reflect either the foreign investment limit or the percentage float, whichever is the more restrictive.
Each issuer’s financial statements will be used to update the major shareholders’ ownership. However, during the course of the year, S&P also monitors each issuer’s Investable Weight Factor (“IWF”) which is S& P’s term for the mathematical float factor used to calculate the float adjustment. If a change in IWF is caused by a major corporate action (i.e., privatization, merger, takeover, or share offering) and the change equal to or greater than 5%, a float adjustment will be implemented as soon as reasonably possible.
Changes in the number of shares outstanding driven by corporate events such as stock dividends, splits, and rights issues will be adjusted on the ex-date. Share changes of 5% or greater are implemented when they occur. Share changes of less than 5% are only updated on a quarterly basis on the Friday near the end of the calendar quarter. Generally, index changes due to rebalancing are announced two days before the effective date by way of a news release posted on www.indices.standardandpoors.com.
Index Availability. The S&P Indexes are calculated continuously and are available from major data vendors.
Exchange Rates. S&P uses the WM/Reuters Closing Spot Rates taken at 4:00 p.m. London time for the following funds: iShares Europe ETF, iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF, iShares Global 100 ETF, iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF, iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF, iShares Global Energy ETF, iShares Global Financial ETF, iShares Global Healthcare ETF, iShares Global Industrials ETF, iShares Global Telecom ETF and iShares Global Utilities ETF . Prior to January 2013, S&P used a different exchange rate calculation for these funds. In case WM/Reuters does not provide rates for specific markets on given days (for example, Christmas Day and New Year’s Day), the previous business day’s rates are normally used. S&P independently monitors the exchange rates on all its indexes. S&P may under exceptional circumstances elect to use alternative sources of exchange rates if the WM/Reuters rates are not available, or if S&P determines that the WM/Reuters rates are not reflective of market circumstances for a given currency on a particular day.
S&P 100®
Number of Components: 100
Index Description. The S&P 100® is a capitalization-weighted index representing stocks from a broad range of industries, chosen for market size, liquidity and industry group representation. It is a subset of the S&P 500® and consists of blue chip stocks from diverse industries in the S&P 500® with exchange listed options. The Underlying Index is a widely tracked index
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for blue-chip stocks. The S&P 100® serves as the basis for the S&P 100® options contract which trades on the Chicago Board of Options Exchange.
S&P 500TM Growth Index
Number of Components: approximately 292
Index Description. The S&P 500TM Growth Index is a capitalization-weighted index representing stocks with growth characteristics from a broad range of industries.
S&P 500®
Number of Components: 500
Index Description. The S&P 500® serves as the underlying index for the S&P 500® Growth and Value Index series and the S&P 100®. It is a capitalization-weighted index representing stocks from a broad range of industries chosen for market size, liquidity and industry group representation. The S&P 500® measures the performance of the large-capitalization sector of the U.S. equity market.
S&P 500TM Value Index
Number of Components: approximately 358
Index Description. The S&P 500TM Value Index is a capitalization-weighted index representing stocks with value characteristics from a broad range of industries.
S&P Composite 1500®
Number of Components: 1500
Index Description. The S&P Composite 1500® is comprised of the S&P 500®, S&P MidCap 400®, and S&P SmallCap 600®, which together represent approximately 89% of the total U.S. equity market. The securities in the Underlying Index are weighted based on the total “float-adjusted” market value of their outstanding shares. Securities with higher total market values have a larger representation in the Underlying Index. The S&P 500® measures the performance of the large-capitalization sector of the U.S. equity market. As of March 31, 2013, the S&P 500® included approximately 78% of the market capitalization of all publicly-traded U.S. equity securities. The S&P MidCap 400® measures the performance of the mid-capitalization sector of the U.S. equity market. The securities in the S&P MidCap 400® have a market capitalization between $1 billion and $4.4 billion (which may fluctuate depending on the overall level of the equity markets) and are selected for liquidity and industry group representation. The S&P SmallCap 600® measures the performance of publicly-traded securities in the small-capitalization sector of the U.S. equity market. The securities in the S&P SmallCap 600® have a market capitalization between $300 million and $1.4 billion (which may fluctuate depending on the overall level of the equity markets) and are selected for liquidity and industry group representation.
S&P Developed ex US Property IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 287
Index Description. The S&P Developed ex US Property IndexTM is a free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted index that defines and measures the investable universe of publicly-traded real estate companies domiciled in developed countries outside of the United States.
S&P Europe 350TM
Number of Components: approximately 350
Index Description. The S&P Europe 350TM is a capitalization-weighted index of 350 stocks providing geographic and economic diversity over S&P’s ten European market sectors, each chosen for market size, liquidity and industry group representation. The market capitalization of index constituent companies is adjusted for all strategic holdings, including private, corporate, and government holdings. The Underlying Index is adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events.
S&P Global 100TM
Number of Components: approximately 100
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Index Description. The S&P Global 100TM measures the performance of 100 large transnational companies that are of major importance in the global markets. A global company is defined as a corporation that has production facilities and/or other fixed assets in at least one foreign country outside the company's home country, and makes its major management decisions in a global context. The degree to which sales are executed outside the home country is a factor in determining a company’s global reach. The market capitalization of index constituent companies is adjusted for all strategic holdings, including private, corporate, and government holdings. The composition of the Underlying Index is derived from the S&P Global 1200TM and only includes transnational corporations under the above definition which had a minimum adjusted market capitalization of US $5 billion. The Underlying Index is adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events.
S&P Global Clean Energy IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 30
Index Description. The S&P Global Clean Energy IndexTM is designed to track the performance of approximately 30 of what is expected to be the most liquid and tradable securities of global companies involved in clean energy related businesses. The Underlying Index includes clean energy production companies and clean energy equipment and technology providers. For these purposes, “clean energy” universe includes biofuel and biomass, ethanol and fuel alcohol, geothermal energy, hydroelectricity, and solar and wind energy.
S&P Global 1200 Consumer Discretionary Sector IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 172
Index Description. The S&P Global 1200 Consumer Discretionary Sector IndexTM measures the performance of companies that S&P deems to be part of the consumer discretionary sector of the economy and that S&P believes are important to global markets. It is a subset of the S&P Global 1200TM. Component companies include consumer product manufacturing, service, media and retail companies.
S&P Global 1200 Consumer Staples Sector IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 104
Index Description. The S&P Global 1200 Consumer Staples Sector IndexTM measures the performance of companies that S&P deems to be part of the consumer staples sector of the economy and that S&P believes are important to global markets. It is a subset of the S&P Global 1200TM. Component companies include manufacturers and distributors of food, producers of non-durable household goods, and food and drug retailing companies.
S&P Global 1200 Energy Sector IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 92
Index Description. The S&P Global 1200 Energy Sector IndexTM measures the performance of companies that S&P deems to be part of the energy sector of the economy and that S&P believes are important to global markets. The market capitalization of index constituent companies is adjusted for all strategic holdings, including private, corporate, and government holdings. The Underlying Index is a subset of the S&P Global 1200TM. The Underlying Index is adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events.
S&P Global 1200 Financials Sector IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 218
Index Description. The S&P Global 1200 Financials Sector IndexTM measures the performance of companies that S&P deems to be part of the financial sector of the economy and that S&P believes are important to global markets. The market capitalization of index constituent companies is adjusted for all strategic holdings, including private, corporate, and government holdings. The Underlying Index is a subset of the S&P Global 1200TM. The Underlying Index is adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events.
S&P Global 1200 Healthcare Sector IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 87
Index Description. The S&P Global 1200 Healthcare Sector IndexTM measures the performance of companies that S&P deems to be part of the healthcare sector of the economy and that S&P believes are important to global markets. The market
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capitalization of index constituent companies is adjusted for all strategic holdings, including private, corporate, and government holdings. The Underlying Index is a subset of the S&P Global 1200TM. The Underlying Index is adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events. Component companies include healthcare providers, biotechnology companies and manufacturers of medical supplies, advanced medical devices and pharmaceuticals.
S&P Global 1200 Industrials Sector IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 189
Index Description. The S&P Global 1200 Industrials Sector IndexTM measures the performance of companies that S&P deems to be part of the industrials sector of the economy and that S&P believes are important to global markets. It is a subset of the S&P Global 1200TM. Component companies include manufacturers and distributors of capital goods, providers of commercial services and supplies, and transportation service providers.
S&P Global Infrastructure IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 75
Index Description. The S&P Global Infrastructure IndexTM is designed to track the performance of the stocks of large infrastructure companies around the world. The Underlying Index includes companies involved in: utilities, energy and transportation infrastructure, such as the management or ownership of oil and gas storage and transportation; airport services; highways and rail tracks; marine ports and services; and electric, gas and water utilities.
S&P Global Nuclear Energy IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 22
Index Description. The S&P Global Nuclear Energy IndexTM is comprised of approximately 22 of the largest publicly-traded companies in nuclear energy-related businesses that meet certain investability requirements. The Underlying Index is designed to provide liquid exposure to publicly listed companies in the global nuclear energy business from developed markets or whose securities are listed on developed market exchanges. The constituents within the Underlying Index are equally distributed between the nuclear materials, equipment and services and nuclear energy generation industries.
S&P Global 1200 Telecommunications Sector IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 37
Index Description. The S&P Global 1200 Telecommunications Sector IndexTM measures the performance of companies that S&P deems to be part of the telecommunications sector of the economy and that S&P believes are important to global markets. The market capitalization of index constituent companies is adjusted for all strategic holdings, including private, corporate, and government holdings. The Underlying Index is a subset of the S&P Global 1200TM. The Underlying Index is adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events.
S&P Global 1200 Utilities Sector IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 71
Index Description. The S&P Global 1200 Utilities Sector IndexTM measures the performance of companies that S&P deems to be part of the Utilities sector of the economy and that S&P believes are important to global markets. It is a subset of the S&P Global 1200TM. Component companies include providers of electric, gas or water utilities, or companies that operate as independent producers and/or distributors of power.
S&P International Preferred Stock IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 51
Index Description. The S&P International Preferred Stock IndexTM measures the performance of a select group of preferred stocks trading on non-U.S. developed market exchanges, as defined by S&P. The preferred stocks included in the Underlying Index are selected by S&P using the methodology described below.
In general terms, the Underlying Index includes developed-market preferred stocks with a market capitalization of over $100 million that meet minimum price, liquidity, maturity and other requirements determined by S&P. S&P excludes from the
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Underlying Index: (i) preferred stocks which are structured products and brand-name products issued by financial institutions or are packaged securities linked to indexes, baskets of stocks or another company’s stock; (ii) preferred stocks that are issued by special ventures such as highway, airport, or dam operators; (iii) preferred stocks that have a mandatory conversion or scheduled maturity within the next 12 months; and (iv) trust preferred stocks. Once an issue of preferred stock is included in the Underlying Index, the removal criteria listed below are used to test its continuing eligibility as opposed to the exclusion factors listed above.
All additions to the Underlying Index are made on a quarterly rebalancing date, and there are no intra-quarter additions made to the Underlying Index. Inclusion in the Underlying Index is limited to issues whose indicated dividend yield is greater than or equal to 1% and less than or equal to 20%. In addition, for initial inclusion eligibility, each individual issue must be a preferred stock which has traded an average of 250,000 shares per month over the previous six months, as of the rebalancing reference date. Issues with fewer than six months of trading history are evaluated over the available period and may be included should size and available trading history infers the issue satisfies this requirement.
Preferred stocks are removed from the Underlying Index on a quarterly rebalancing date if they: (i) have an outstanding market capitalization of less than $100 million; (ii) have a six-month average monthly trading volume of less than 100,000 shares and have been a component of the Index for at least 12 months; or (iii) have an undetermined indicated dividend yield or an indicated dividend yield of less than 1% or greater than 20%.
Share changes for existing Underlying Index components occur semiannually in January and July. The data reference date for additions to and deletions from the Underlying Index is the last trading date of the month immediately preceding the rebalancing month. The Underlying Index is rebalanced on a quarterly basis; and changes are effective after the close of trading on the third Friday of January, April, July and October. The Underlying Index is calculated with a modified capitalization weighted scheme, with modifications being made to Underlying Index shares to prevent single stock concentration. There is no limit to the number of lines of a single company’s preferred stock is allowed in the Underlying Index; however, a maximum weight of 10% is set per issuer. All eligible lines for an issuer are included in the Underlying Index and capped on a pro rata basis to a maximum of 4% by issue of the Underlying Index market capitalization. For purposes of this limitation, S&P defines a single issuer to include companies that are under common control or are guaranteed by the same entity which is also affiliated with such companies. In the event the market capitalization weight of an issuer would exceed 10% or an issue would exceed 4% of the Underlying Index, all other stock weights in the Index are increased proportionately to account for such difference.
A constituent is removed intra-quarter if it is called or undergoes mandatory conversion or redemption. Subject to market conditions, S&P will provide clients with five-days advance notice of a deletion. Should an existing member of the Underlying Index delist during the five-day notification period, it is removed at the closing price from its last day of trading. The quarterly rebalancing also results in deletions if constituents no longer meet continued eligibility requirements.
S&P MidCap 400® Growth Index
Number of Components: approximately 225
Index Description. The S&P MidCap 400® Growth Index is a capitalization-weighted index representing stocks with growth characteristics from a broad range of industries.
S&P MidCap 400®
Number of Components: 400
Index Description. The S&P MidCap 400® serves as the underlying index for the S&P MidCap 400 Growth and Value Index series. The Underlying Index measures the performance of the mid-capitalization sector of the U.S. equity market. The securities in the Underlying Index have a market capitalization between $1 billion and $4.4 billion (which may fluctuate depending on the overall level of the equity markets) and are selected for liquidity and industry group representation.
S&P MidCap 400® Value Index
Number of Components: approximately 296
Index Description. The S&P MidCap 400® Value Index is a capitalization-weighted index representing stocks with value characteristics from a broad range of industries.
S&P SmallCap 600® Growth Index
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Number of Components: approximately 351
Index Description. The S&P SmallCap 600® Growth Index is a capitalization-weighted index representing stocks with growth characteristics from a broad range of industries.
S&P SmallCap 600®
Number of Components: 600
Index Description. The S&P SmallCap 600® serves as the underlying index for the S&P SmallCap 600® Growth and Value Index series. It is a capitalization-weighted index from a broad range of industries chosen for market size, liquidity and industry group representation. The Underlying Index measures the performance of publicly-traded securities in the small-capitalization sector of the U.S. equity market. The securities in the Underlying Index have a market capitalization between $300 million and $1.4 billion (which may fluctuate depending on the overall level of the equity markets) and are selected for liquidity and industry group representation.
S&P SmallCap 600® Value Index
Number of Components: approximately 444
Index Description. The S&P SmallCap 600® Value Index is a capitalization-weighted index representing stocks with value characteristics from a broad range of industries.
S&P/TOPIX 150TM
Number of Components: approximately 150
Index Description. The S&P/TOPIX 150TM is constructed with the addition of a float-adjustment factor. The Underlying Index is comprised of 150 securities considered highly liquid selected from each major sector of the Japanese equity market.
S&P U.S. Preferred Stock IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 299
Index Description—Changes in Methodology. The S&P U.S. Preferred Stock IndexTM measures the yield and price performance of a select group of preferred stocks listed on the NYSE, NYSE Arca, NYSE Amex, NASDAQ Global Select Market, NASDAQ Select Market or NASDAQ Capital Market. The index is rebalanced quarterly, with Underlying Index changes implemented after the close of trading on the third Fridays of January, April, July, and October.
Index Methodology. In general terms, the Underlying Index contains preferred stocks that meet minimum size, liquidity, exchange listing, maturity and other requirements determined by S&P. The Underlying Index may include preferred stocks that are issued in the U.S. by U.S-domiciled entities whose parent companies or guarantors may be non-U.S. entities. The Underlying Index is calculated with a modified capitalization weighted scheme, with modifications being made to Underlying Index shares to limit single issuer concentration.
There is no limit to the number of lines of a single company’s preferred stock allowed in the Underlying Index; however a maximum weight of 10% of index market capitalization is set per issuer with all eligible lines capped on a pro rata basis. For purposes of this limitation, S&P defines a single issuer to include companies that are under common control or are guaranteed by the event that fewer than 15 preferred issuers qualify based on the other Underlying Index criteria, the liquidity constraints below will be relaxed and the largest stocks included until the issuer count reaches 15. The Underlying Index is rebalanced quarterly, effective after the close of trading on the third Friday of January, April, July, and October. Share changes occur semi-annually at the January and July rebalances.
Component Selection Criteria. The Underlying Index excludes: (i) preferred stocks with a market capitalization of less than $100 million as of the rebalancing reference date; (ii) preferred stocks for which S&P cannot determine an indicated dividend yield; (iii) over-the-counter, bulletin board, and unregistered (144A) securities; (iv) preferred stocks that are structured products and brand-name products issued by financial institutions and that are packaged securities linked to indexes, baskets of stocks or another company’s stock; and (v) preferred stocks that are issued by special ventures such as highway, airport, or dam operators. In addition, S&P applies the following inclusion and exclusion criteria. For preferred stocks that are not already in the Underlying Index, S&P may include: (i) issues that do not have a mandatory conversion or scheduled maturity within 12 months of the rebalancing date; and (ii) that have also traded an average of 250,000 shares per month over the previous six months. Issues with between one and six months of trading history will be evaluated over the available
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period and may be included should size and available trading history infer the issue will satisfy the volume requirement. For preferred stocks that have been in the Underlying Index for more than 12 months, S&P excludes issues that have not traded an average of 125,000 shares per month over the previous six months as of the rebalancing reference date. The reference date for additions and deletions is the last trading date of the month immediately preceding the rebalancing month. Additions occur only at the quarterly rebalancing. Deletions occur at the quarterly rebalancing based on the above eligibility criteria, but may also occur intra-quarter due to mandatory conversions, redemptions, or delistings.
Investment Limitations
Each Fund has adopted its investment objective as a non-fundamental investment policy. Therefore, each Fund may change its investment objective and its Underlying Index without shareholder approval. The Board has adopted as fundamental policies the following numbered investment restrictions, which cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities. A vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a fund meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy and (b) more than 50% of outstanding voting securities of the fund.
Each Fund (other than the iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF, iShares Russell Top 200 ETF, iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF, iShares Core S&P 500 ETF, iShares International Developed Property ETF, iShares Global Clean Energy ETF, iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF, iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF, iShares Global Energy ETF, iShares Global Healthcare ETF, iShares Global Industrials ETF, iShares Global Infrastructure ETF, iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF, iShares Global Utilities ETF, iShares International Preferred Stock ETF and iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF) will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
Each of the iShares Core S&P 500 ETF, iShares Global Energy ETF and iShares Global Healthcare ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
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2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue “senior securities” as defined in the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and orders thereunder, except as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and orders thereunder.
4. Make loans. This restriction does not apply to: (i) the purchase of debt obligations in which each Fund may invest consistent with its investment objectives and policies; (ii) repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements; and (iii) loans of its portfolio securities, to the fullest extent permitted under the 1940 Act.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act in disposing of portfolio securities.
Each of the iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF, iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF, iShares Global Industrials ETF and iShares Global Utilities ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act in disposing of portfolio securities.
Each of the iShares International Developed Property ETF, iShares International Preferred Stock ETF, iShares Global Clean Energy ETF, iShares Global Infrastructure ETF, iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF, iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF, iShares Russell Top 200 ETF, iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF and iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
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2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities; and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from investing in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or securities or other instruments backed by real estate or mortgages), or commodities or commodity contracts (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies set forth above, each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental policy not to invest in the securities of a company for the purpose of exercising management or control, or purchase or otherwise acquire any illiquid security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, which currently permits up to 15% of each Fund’s net assets to be invested in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment).
BFA monitors the liquidity of restricted securities in each Fund’s portfolio. In reaching liquidity decisions, BFA considers the following factors:
The frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
The number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers;
Dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
The nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace in which it trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer).
If any percentage restriction described above is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in values of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction, except that certain percentage limitations will be observed continuously in accordance with applicable law.
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy in accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of the Underlying Index or in Depositary Receipts representing securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund also has adopted a policy to provide its shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior written notice of any change in such policy. If, subsequent to an investment, the 80% requirement is no longer met, a Fund’s future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Fund into compliance with this policy.
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental limitation such that, under normal market conditions, any borrowings by the Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund's net assets.
Each Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. As a matter of policy, however, a Fund will not purchase shares of any registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust, in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) (the “fund of funds” provisions) of the 1940 Act, at any time the Fund has knowledge that its shares are purchased by another investment company investor in reliance on the provisions of subparagraph (G) of Section 12(d)(1).
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Continuous Offering
The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Funds on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares and sells such shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act must take into account all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.
Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to shares of the Funds are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the 1933 Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the 1933 Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Listing Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Listing Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is available only with respect to transactions on an exchange.
Management
Trustees and Officers.  The Board has responsibility for the overall management and operations of the Funds, including general supervision of the duties performed by BFA and other service providers. Each Trustee serves until he or she resigns, is removed, dies, retires or becomes incapacitated. The President, Chief Compliance Officer, Treasurer and Secretary shall each hold office until their successors are chosen and qualify, and all other officers shall hold office until he or she resigns or is removed. Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust are referred to as independent trustees (“Independent Trustees”).
The registered investment companies advised by BFA or its affiliates are organized into one complex of closed-end funds, two complexes of open-end funds and one complex of exchange-traded funds (“Exchange-Traded Fund Complex”) (each, a “BlackRock Fund Complex”). Each Fund is included in the BlackRock Fund Complex referred to as the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. Each Trustee also serves as a Director of iShares, Inc., a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and, as a result, oversees a total of 298 funds within the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. With the exception of Robert S. Kapito, the address of each Trustee and officer is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. The address of Mr. Kapito is c/o BlackRock, Inc., Park Avenue Plaza, 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055. The Board has designated Robert H. Silver as its Independent Chairman. Additional information about the Funds' Trustees and officers may be found in this SAI, which is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737).
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Interested Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert S. Kapito1
(56)
  Trustee
(since 2009).
  President and Director, BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006); Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc. and Head of BlackRock’s Portfolio Management Group (since its formation in 1998) and BlackRock’s predecessor entities (since 1988); Trustee, University of Pennsylvania (since 2009); President of Board of Directors, Hope & Heroes Children’s Cancer Fund (since 2002); President of the Board of Directors, Periwinkle Theatre for Youth (since 1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2009); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of BlackRock, Inc. (since 2007).
Michael Latham2
(47)
  Trustee
(since 2010);
President
(since 2007).
  Chairman of iShares, BlackRock (since 2011); Global Chief Executive Officer of iShares, BlackRock (2010-2011); Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Americas iShares, Barclays Global Investors (“BGI”) (2007-2009); Director and Chief Financial Officer of Barclays Global Investors International, Inc. (2005-2009); Chief Operating Officer of the Intermediary Investor and Exchange-Traded Products Business of BGI (2003-2007).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2010); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).

1 Robert S. Kapito is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc.
2 Michael Latham is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates.
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Independent Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert H. Silver
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2007); Independent Chairman
(since 2012).
  President and Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group, Inc. (since 2006); Director and Vice Chairman of the YMCA of Greater NYC (2001-2011); Broadway Producer (2006-2011); Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. (since 2008); Director and Member of the Audit and Compensation Committee of EPAM Systems, Inc. (2006-2009); President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.) (2003-2005) and various executive positions with UBS and its affiliates (1988-2005); CPA and Audit Manager of KPMG, LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) (1977-1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2007); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Independent Chairman of iShares, Inc., iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2012).
George G.C. Parker
(74)
  Trustee
(since 2000).
  Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (Professor since 1973; Emeritus since 2006).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2002); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Tejon Ranch Company (since 1999); Director of Threshold Pharmaceuticals (since 2004); Director of Colony Financial, Inc. (since 2009); Director of First Republic Bank (since 2010).
John E. Martinez
(52)
  Trustee
(since 2003);
Securities Lending Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.) (since 2005).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2003); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Cecilia H. Herbert
(64)
  Trustee
(since 2005); Nominating and Governance Committee Chair and Equity Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director (since 1998) and President (2007-2011) of the Board of Directors, Catholic Charities CYO; Trustee (2002-2011) and Chair of the Finance and Investment Committee (2006-2010) the Thacher School; Member (since 1994) and Chair (1994-2005) of the Investment Committee, Archdiocese of San Francisco; Trustee and Member of the Investment Committee, WNET, the New York public broadcasting company (since 2011).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Forward Funds (34 portfolios) (since 2009).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Charles A. Hurty
(69)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Audit Committee Chair
(since 2006).
  Retired; Partner, KPMG LLP (1968-2001).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund (1 portfolio) (since 2002); Director of SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (2 portfolios) (since 2002).
John E. Kerrigan
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Fixed Income Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University (since 2002).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Madhav V. Rajan
(48)
  Trustee
(since 2011);
15(c) Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting and Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Head of MBA Program, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (since 2001); Professor of Law (by courtesy), Stanford Law School (since 2005); Visiting Professor, University of Chicago (2007-2008).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2011);
Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2011); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Officers
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Jack Gee
(53)
  Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(since 2008).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Senior Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2009); Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2004-2009).
Eilleen M. Clavere
(61)
  Secretary
(since 2007).
  Director of Global Fund Administration, BlackRock (since 2009); Director of Legal Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2006-2009); Legal Counsel and Vice President of Atlas Funds, Atlas Advisers, Inc. and Atlas Securities, Inc. (2005-2006); Counsel of Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP (2001-2005).
Edward B. Baer
(44)
  Vice President and Chief Legal Officer
(since 2012).
  Managing Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (since 2006); Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (2004-2006).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Scott Radell
(44)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2012).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BGI (2007-2009); Credit Portfolio Manager, BGI (2005-2007); Credit Research Analyst, BGI (2003-2005).
Amy Schioldager
(50)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2007).
  Senior Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Global Head of Index Equity, BGI (2008-2009); Global Head of U.S. Indexing, BGI (2006-2008); Head of Domestic Equity Portfolio Management, BGI (2001-2006).
Ira P. Shapiro
(50)
  Vice President
(since 2007).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Strategic Product Initiatives for iShares (since 2012); Chief Legal Officer, Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (2007-2012); Associate General Counsel, BGI (2004-2009).
The Board has concluded that, based on each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, each Trustee should serve as a Trustee of the Board. Among the attributes common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Funds' investment adviser, other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. A Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively may have been attained through the Trustee’s educational background or professional training; business, consulting, public service or academic positions; experience from service as a Board member of the Funds and the other funds in the Trust (and any predecessor funds), other investment funds, public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. Also, set forth below is a brief discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Trustee that led the Board to conclude that he or she should serve as a Trustee.
Robert Kapito has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2009. Mr. Kapito has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2009, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and a Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2007. In addition, he has over 20 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Mr. Kapito serves as President and Director of BlackRock, Inc., and is the Chairman of the Operating Committee, a member of the Office of the Chairman, the Leadership Committee and the Corporate Council. He is responsible for day-to-day oversight of BlackRock's key operating units, including the Account Management and Portfolio Management Groups, Real Estate Group and BlackRock Solutions®. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in 2007, Mr. Kapito served as Head of BlackRock's Portfolio Management Group. In that role, he was responsible for overseeing all portfolio management within BlackRock, including the Fixed Income, Equity, Liquidity, and Alternative Investment Groups. Mr. Kapito serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. He has also been President of the Board of Directors for the Hope & Heroes Children's Cancer Fund since 2002 and President of the Board of Directors for Periwinkle Theatre for Youth, a national non-profit arts-in-education organization, since 1983. Mr. Kapito earned a BS degree in economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979, and an MBA degree from Harvard Business School in 1983.
Michael Latham has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2010 and President of the Trust since 2007. Mr. Latham served as Principal Financial Officer of the Trust from 2002 until 2007. Mr. Latham has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2010, President of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Principal Financial Officer of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2007, a Director and President of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, and a Trustee and President of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. Mr.
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Latham is the Chairman of BlackRock’s iShares exchange-traded fund business. In addition, he has over 15 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in September 2011, he was the global head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business. Prior to April 2009, he was head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business for the United States and Canada, and Chief Operating Officer for the U.S. iShares business. He previously held a variety of operating positions within the firm. Mr. Latham earned a BS degree in business administration from California State University at San Francisco in 1988.
Robert H. Silver has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2007 and Chairman of the Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Chairman of iShares, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chairman of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chairman of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver is President and a Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group Inc., a firm dedicated to advising and investing in emerging business enterprises and to supporting philanthropic activities that benefit under-served urban youth. Previously, Mr. Silver served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.), the registered broker dealer comprising the Wealth Management USA business unit of UBS AG, including the following responsibilities: President of Paine Webber Services, Director of Retail Products and Marketing, Director of Private Client Group Branch Offices, Director of Finance and Controls for Paine Webber, Inc. and Chief Administrative Officer for Paine Webber Private Client Group. Mr. Silver also served on the Board of Directors of EPAM Systems, Inc., a provider of software engineering outsourcing services in Central and Eastern Europe, served on the Board and Executive Committee of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), chaired the National Securities Clearing Corporations’ Membership and Risk Committee and served as Governor of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. In addition, Mr. Silver was a Vice Chairman and a Member of the Board of Directors for the YMCA of Greater New York and chaired its Fund Development Committee from 2001 until 2011 and Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. since 2008. Mr. Silver began his career as a CPA and Audit Manager at KPMG LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) from 1977 until 1983. Mr. Silver has a BS degree in business administration from the University of North Carolina.
George G.C. Parker has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2000. Mr. Parker served as Chair of the Trust's Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Trustee of the Trust from 2006 until 2010 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2002 until 2010. Mr. Parker has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2002, Chair of iShares, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Director of iShares, Inc. from 2006 until 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2010, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Parker also serves as Director on four other boards. Mr. Parker is the Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He teaches courses in Corporate Finance in the MBA Program, Stanford Sloan Program for Executives, and in various other Executive Education Programs at Stanford University. Mr. Parker's teaching and research interests are primarily in the field of corporate finance, management of financial institutions, and corporate governance, and he has written numerous case studies related to these subjects. He has also authored several articles on capital structure, risk management, and corporate valuation. Mr. Parker previously served as a Director of Continental Airlines and a Director of NETGEAR, Inc. Mr. Parker holds MBA and Ph.D. degrees from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.
John E. Martinez has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2003 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2003, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez is a Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.), providing governance oversight and consulting services to this privately held firm that develops products and strategies for homeowners in managing the equity in their homes. Mr. Martinez previously served as Director of Barclays Global Investors (BGI) UK Holdings, where he provided governance oversight representing BGI’s shareholders (Barclays PLC, BGI management shareholders) through oversight of BGI’s worldwide activities. Mr. Martinez also previously served as Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Global Index and Markets Group of BGI, Chairman of Barclays Global Investor Services and Chief Executive Officer of the Capital Markets Group of BGI. Since 2003, he is a Director and Executive Committee Member for Larkin Street Youth Services, providing governance oversight and strategy development to an agency that provides emergency and transitional housing, healthcare, education, job and life skills training to homeless youth. Mr. Martinez has an AB degree in economics from The University of California, Berkeley and holds an MBA degree in finance and statistics from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
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Cecilia H. Herbert has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Ms. Herbert has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. She is Director of the Board of the Catholic Charities CYO, one of the Bay Area’s largest private social services organizations serving the homeless, poor, aged, families, children and AIDS/HIV victims, on which she has served since 1998. Ms. Herbert is a member of the Investment Committee of the Archdiocese of San Francisco since 1992, which she chaired from 1994 to 2005. She has served on numerous non-profit boards. Ms. Herbert is also a Director and Advisory Board Member since 2009 of the Forward Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as a Trustee for the Pacific Select Funds and The Montgomery Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as Managing Director of J.P. Morgan/Morgan Guaranty Trust Company responsible for product development, marketing and credit for U.S. multinational corporations and as head of its San Francisco office and as Assistant Vice President, Signet Banking Corporation. Ms. Herbert has a BA degree in economics and communications from Stanford University and an MBA degree in finance from Harvard Business School.
Charles A. Hurty has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Trust since 2006. Mr. Hurty has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2006, a Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010 and a Trustee and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. In addition, Mr. Hurty serves as Director of the GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund since 2002, Director of the SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (formerly, Citigroup Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC) since 2002 and was a Director of the CSFB Alternative Investment Funds from 2005 to December 2009, when the funds were liquidated. Mr. Hurty was formerly a Partner at KPMG, LLP from 1968 to 2001. Mr. Hurty has a BS degree in accounting from the University of Kansas.
John E. Kerrigan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Kerrigan served as Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2010 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan serves as Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University since 2002. Mr. Kerrigan was formerly a Managing Director at Merrill Lynch & Co., including the following responsibilities: Global Manager of Institutional Client Division eCommerce, Global Manager of Technology Specialists Sales and Chair, Performance Measurement, Evaluation & Compensation Task Force. Mr. Kerrigan is a Trustee, since 2008, of Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton, CA, and Director, since 1999, of The BASIC Fund (Bay Area Scholarships for Inner City Children). Mr. Kerrigan has a BA degree from Boston College and is a Chartered Financial Analyst.
Madhav V. Rajan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan is the Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He has taught accounting for over 20 years to undergraduate, MBA and law students, as well as to senior executives. Mr. Rajan serves as the Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and head of the MBA Program at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Rajan served as editor of “The Accounting Review” from 2002 to 2008 and is co-author of “Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis,” a leading cost accounting textbook. Mr. Rajan holds MS, MBA and Ph.D. degrees in accounting from Carnegie Mellon University.
Board – Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities
Overall responsibility for oversight of the Funds rests with the Board. The Board has engaged BFA to manage the Funds on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing BFA and other service providers in the operations of the Funds in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The Board is currently composed of nine members, seven of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board currently conducts
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regular meetings four times a year. In addition, the Board frequently holds special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees meet regularly outside the presence of management, in executive session or with other service providers to the Trust.
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board has established six standing Committees: a Nominating and Governance Committee, an Audit Committee, a 15(c) Committee, a Securities Lending Committee, an Equity Plus Committee and a Fixed Income Plus Committee to assist the Board in the oversight and direction of the business and affairs of the Funds, and from time to time may establish ad-hoc committees or informal working groups to review and address the policies and practices of the Funds with respect to certain specified matters. The Chair of each standing Committee is an Independent Trustee. The role of the Chair of each Committee is to preside at all meetings of the Committee and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys and other Trustees between meetings. Each Committee meets regularly to conduct the oversight functions delegated to the Committee by the Board and reports its finding to the Board. The Board and each standing Committee conduct annual assessments of their oversight function and structure. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise independent judgment over management and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees of Independent Trustees and the full Board to enhance effective oversight.
Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Funds is the responsibility of BFA or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to the supervision of BFA. Each Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational and valuation risks, among others. While there are a number of risk management functions performed by BFA and other service providers, as applicable, it is not possible to eliminate all of the risks applicable to the Fund. The Trustees have an oversight role in this area, satisfying themselves that risk management processes are in place and operating effectively. Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of each Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. The Board, directly or through a committee, also reviews reports from, among others, management and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by each Fund and management’s risk functions. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Trust's compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Trust and its principal service providers. In testing and maintaining the compliance program, the Chief Compliance Officer assesses key compliance risks affecting each Fund, and addresses them in reports to the Board. The Independent Trustees have engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.
Committees of the Board of Trustees. Each Independent Trustee serves on the Audit Committee. The Chair of the Audit Committee is Charles A. Hurty. The purposes of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board (i) in its oversight of the Trust's accounting and financial reporting principles and policies and related controls and procedures maintained by or on behalf of the Trust; (ii) in its oversight of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (iii) in selecting, evaluating and, where deemed appropriate, replacing the independent accountants (or nominating the independent accountants to be proposed for shareholder approval in any proxy statement); (iv) in evaluating the independence of the independent accountants; (v) in complying with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust's accounting and financial reporting, internal controls and independent audits; and (vi) to assume such other responsibilities as may be delegated by the Board. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
The members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), Charles A. Hurty, Madhav V. Rajan and John E. Kerrigan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The Nominating and Governance Committee nominates individuals for Independent Trustee membership on the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee functions include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) reviewing the qualifications of any person properly identified or nominated to serve as an Independent Trustee; (ii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the nominee(s) for appointment as an Independent Trustee by the Board and current Independent Trustees and/or for election as Independent Trustees by shareholders to fill any vacancy for a position of Independent Trustee(s) on the Board; (iii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the size and composition of the Board and Board committees and whether they comply with applicable laws and regulations; (iv) recommending a current Independent Trustee to the Board and current Independent Trustees to serve as Lead Independent Trustee; (v) periodic review of the Board's retirement policy; and (vi) recommending an appropriate level of compensation for the Independent Trustees for their services as Trustees, members or chairpersons of committees of the Board, Lead Independent Trustee, Chairperson of the Board and any other positions as the
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Nominating and Governance Committee considers appropriate. The Nominating and Governance Committee does not consider Board nominations recommended by shareholders (acting solely in their capacity as a shareholder and not in any other capacity). The Nominating and Governance Committee met two times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
The members of the 15(c) Committee are Madhav V. Rajan (Chair), Cecilia H. Herbert, Charles A. Hurty and John E. Martinez, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the 15(c) Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for the annual review and renewal of the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements. These responsibilities include: (i) meeting with BlackRock, Inc. in advance of the Board meeting at which the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements are to be considered to discuss generally the process for providing requested information to the Board and the format in which information will be provided; and (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to evaluate the investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements of the Trust. The 15(c) Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
The members of the Securities Lending Committee are John E. Martinez (Chair), John E. Kerrigan and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Securities Lending Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of the Trust's securities lending activities. These responsibilities include: (i) requesting that certain information be provided to the Committee for its review and consideration prior to such information being provided to the Board; (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to oversee the Trust's securities lending activities and make required findings and approvals; and (iii) providing a recommendation to the Board regarding the annual approval of the Trust's Securities Lending Guidelines and the required findings with respect to, and annual approval of, the Trust's agreement with the lending agent. The Securities Lending Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
The members of the Equity Plus Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), John E. Martinez and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Equity Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for equity funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Equity Plus Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
The members of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are John E. Kerrigan (Chair), Charles A. Hurty and Madhav V. Rajan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for fixed income or multi-asset funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Fixed Income Plus Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
As the Chairman of the Board, Robert H. Silver may participate in each Committee's meetings.
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2012, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Funds and in other registered investment companies overseen by the Trustee within the same family of investment companies as the Trust. If a fund is not listed below, the Trustee did not own any securities in that fund as of the date indicated above:
Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Robert S. Kapito   None   None   None
             
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Michael Latham   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Micro-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell Core U.S. Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Robert H. Silver   iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core High Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI BRIC ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   $1-$10,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
             
George G.C. Parker   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares S&P 100 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
             
John E. Martinez   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares TIPS Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Cecilia H. Herbert   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares International Select Dividend ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
             
Charles A. Hurty   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Tech ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core High Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Financials ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Technology ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
             
John E. Kerrigan   iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   $10,001-$50,000
  $50,001-$100,000
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000
   
             
Madhav V. Rajan   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Core High Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
As of December 31, 2012, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of BFA (the Funds' investment adviser), the Distributor or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with BFA or the Distributor.
Remuneration of Trustees.  Each current Independent Trustee is paid an annual retainer of $275,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board's policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the period from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2012, each current Independent Trustee was paid an annual retainer of $250,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board’s policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. The Independent Chairman of the Boards is paid an additional annual retainer of $50,000. The Chair of the Audit Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $40,000. The Chair of each of the Nominating and Governance Committees, Equity Plus Committees, Fixed Income Plus Committees, Securities Lending Committees and 15(c) Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $15,000. Each Independent Trustee that serves as a director of subsidiaries of the Exchange-Traded Complex is paid an additional annual retainer of $10,000 (plus an additional $1,765 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius). Additionally, any Independent Trustee who travels to the Republic of Mauritius to attend board meetings is paid an additional $12,000 (plus an additional $2,117 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius).
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Table of Contents
The table below sets forth the compensation earned by each Independent Trustee and Interested Trustee from each Fund for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013 and the aggregate compensation paid to them by the Exchange-Traded Complex for the calendar year ended December 31, 2012.
Name of Trustee   iShares Core
S&P 500 ETF
  iShares Core S&P
Mid-Cap ETF
  iShares Core S&P
Small-Cap ETF
  iShares Core
S&P Total U.S.
Stock Market ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 19,681   $ 7,653   $ 4,919   $ 305
George G.C. Parker   17,666   6,869   4,415   274
John E. Kerrigan   17,231   6,700   4,306   267
Charles A. Hurty   19,692   7,657   4,921   305
Cecilia H. Herbert   17,740   6,898   4,433   275
John E. Martinez   16,976   6,601   4,243   263
Madhav V. Rajan   16,976   6,601   4,243   263
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares
Europe ETF
  iShares
Global 100
ETF
  iShares
Global Clean
Energy ETF
  iShares
Global Consumer
Discretionary ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $634   $ 597   $ 14   $ 92
George G.C. Parker   569   536   13   82
John E. Kerrigan   555   523   12   80
Charles A. Hurty   635   597   14   92
Cecilia H. Herbert   572   538   13   83
John E. Martinez   547   515   12   79
Madhav V. Rajan   547   515   12   79
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares
Global Consumer
Staples ETF
  iShares
Global Energy
ETF
  iShares
Global Financials
ETF
  iShares
Global Healthcare
ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $290   $ 519   $ 135   $366
George G.C. Parker   260   466   121   329
John E. Kerrigan   254   454   118   321
Charles A. Hurty   290   519   135   367
Cecilia H. Herbert   262   467   122   330
John E. Martinez   250   447   116   316
Madhav V. Rajan   250   447   116   316
                 
Interested Trustees:                
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Table of Contents
Name of Trustee   iShares
Global Consumer
Staples ETF
  iShares
Global Energy
ETF
  iShares
Global Financials
ETF
  iShares
Global Healthcare
ETF
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $0   $0   $0   $0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares
Global Industrials
ETF
  iShares
Global Infrastructure
ETF
  iShares
Global Nuclear
Energy ETF
  iShares
Global Telecom
ETF
  iShares
Global Utilities
ETF
Independent Trustees:                    
                     
Robert H. Silver   $ 109   $207   $5   $236   $ 117
George G.C. Parker   98   186   4   211   105
John E. Kerrigan   96   181   4   206   103
Charles A. Hurty   109   207   5   236   117
Cecilia H. Herbert   98   187   4   212   106
John E. Martinez   94   179   4   203   101
Madhav V. Rajan   94   179   4   203   101
                     
Interested Trustees:                    
                     
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares International
Developed
Property
ETF
  iShares
International
Preferred Stock
ETF
  iShares Japan
Large-Cap ETF
  iShares
Micro-Cap ETF
  iShares Nasdaq
Biotechnology
ETF
Independent Trustees:                    
                     
Robert H. Silver   $ 100   $ 75   $ 35   $ 271   $ 1,305
George G.C. Parker   90   68   32   243   1,172
John E. Kerrigan   88   66   31   237   1,143
Charles A. Hurty   100   75   35   271   1,306
Cecilia H. Herbert   90   68   32   244   1,177
John E. Martinez   86   65   30   234   1,126
Madhav V. Rajan   86   65   30   234   1,126
                     
Interested Trustees:                    
                     
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares Russell
1000 ETF
  iShares Russell
1000 Growth
ETF
  iShares Russell
1000 Value
ETF
  iShares Russell
2000 ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $3,645   $9,844   $ 8,595   $ 10,839
George G.C. Parker   3,272   8,836   7,715   9,729
John E. Kerrigan   3,191   8,618   7,525   9,489
Charles A. Hurty   3,647   9,849   8,600   10,845
Cecilia H. Herbert   3,285   8,873   7,747   9,770
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Name of Trustee   iShares Russell
1000 ETF
  iShares Russell
1000 Growth
ETF
  iShares Russell
1000 Value
ETF
  iShares Russell
2000 ETF
John E. Martinez   3,144   8,491   7,414   9,349
Madhav V. Rajan   3,144   8,491   7,414   9,349
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares Russell
2000 Growth
ETF
  iShares Russell
2000 Value
ETF
  iShares Russell
3000 ETF
  iShares Core U.S. Growth
ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $2,426   $ 2,554   $2,099   $ 197
George G.C. Parker   2,178   2,293   1,884   177
John E. Kerrigan   2,124   2,236   1,837   172
Charles A. Hurty   2,427   2,556   2,100   197
Cecilia H. Herbert   2,187   2,302   1,892   178
John E. Martinez   2,092   2,203   1,810   170
Madhav V. Rajan   2,092   2,203   1,810   170
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares Core U.S. Value
ETF
  iShares Russell
Mid-Cap ETF
  iShares Russell
Mid-Cap Growth
ETF
  iShares Russell
Mid-Cap Value
ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $205   $ 3,699   $ 1,821   $ 2,389
George G.C. Parker   184   3,321   1,635   2,144
John E. Kerrigan   179   3,239   1,594   2,091
Charles A. Hurty   205   3,701   1,822   2,390
Cecilia H. Herbert   185   3,334   1,642   2,153
John E. Martinez   177   3,191   1,571   2,060
Madhav V. Rajan   177   3,191   1,571   2,060
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares Russell
Top 200
ETF
  iShares Russell
Top 200
Growth ETF
  iShares Russell
Top 200
Value ETF
  iShares S&P
100 ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $27   $ 195   $48   $2,036
George G.C. Parker   24   175   43   1,827
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Table of Contents
Name of Trustee   iShares Russell
Top 200
ETF
  iShares Russell
Top 200
Growth ETF
  iShares Russell
Top 200
Value ETF
  iShares S&P
100 ETF
John E. Kerrigan   24   171   42   1,782
Charles A. Hurty   27   195   48   2,037
Cecilia H. Herbert   24   176   43   1,835
John E. Martinez   23   168   42   1,756
Madhav V. Rajan   23   168   42   1,756
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares S&P 500
Growth ETF
  iShares S&P 500
Value
ETF
  iShares S&P
Mid-Cap 400
Growth ETF
  iShares S&P
Mid-Cap 400
Value ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 3,492   $2,840   $ 1,864   $ 1,465
George G.C. Parker   3,135   2,550   1,673   1,315
John E. Kerrigan   3,058   2,487   1,632   1,283
Charles A. Hurty   3,494   2,842   1,865   1,466
Cecilia H. Herbert   3,148   2,560   1,680   1,320
John E. Martinez   3,012   2,450   1,608   1,264
Madhav V. Rajan   3,012   2,450   1,608   1,264
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares S&P
Small-Cap 600
Growth ETF
  iShares S&P
Small-Cap 600
Value ETF
  iShares
U.S. Preferred
Stock ETF
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   $ 938   $ 1,118   $ 5,981
George G.C. Parker   842   1,003   5,369
John E. Kerrigan   821   979   5,237
Charles A. Hurty   939   1,119   5,985
Cecilia H. Herbert   846   1,008   5,391
John E. Martinez   809   964   5,159
Madhav V. Rajan   809   964   5,159
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0
    
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Table of Contents
Name of Trustee   Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Accrued As
Part of Trust
Expenses1
  Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement1
  Total
Compensation
From the Funds
and Fund Complex2
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 289,835
George G.C. Parker   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   260,165
John E. Kerrigan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   265,510
Charles A. Hurty   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   290,000
Cecilia H. Herbert   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   273,010
John E. Martinez   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   261,760
Madhav V. Rajan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   250,000
    
Interested Trustees:      
       
Robert S. Kapito Not Applicable Not Applicable $0
Michael Latham Not Applicable Not Applicable 0

1 No Trustee or officer is entitled to any pension or retirement benefits from the Trust.
2 Includes compensation for service on the Board of Trustees of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and the Boards of Directors of iShares, Inc. and iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust collectively owned less than 1% of each of the Funds' outstanding shares as of June 30, 2013.
Although the Trust does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participants (as defined below), as of June 30, 2013, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund were as follows:
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.64%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.51%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.44%
    Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  7.87%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  6.17%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  5.50%
         
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF   JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  16.24%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.06%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.28%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  8.30%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  6.44%
         
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  13.98%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  10.38%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.09%
    Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
733 Marquette Ave
4th Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
  6.18%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  5.35%
         
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  27.50%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  12.80%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.74%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  9.02%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.18%
         
iShares Europe ETF   The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  12.12%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  8.99%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  8.91%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.56%
    Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  7.18%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.75%
    Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
250 Royall Street
Canton, MA 02021
  6.72%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  5.54%
         
iShares Global 100 ETF   Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
250 Royall Street
Canton, MA 02021
  27.28%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  11.71%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  7.14%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  5.27%
         
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  13.34%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.75%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.97%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.83%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.22%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.13%
         
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  16.32%
    BNP Paribas, New York Branch/Custody Services
525 Washington BLVD.
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.12%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  10.97%
    BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  6.08%
    Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  5.75%
         
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.06%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.72%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  8.67%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  7.61%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.03%
    Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
250 Royall Street
Canton, MA 02021
  6.65%
    BNP Paribas, New York Branch/Custody Services
525 Washington BLVD.
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.63%
         
iShares Global Energy ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.56%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.49%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.01%
    Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  7.19%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.57%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.54%
64


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.02%
         
iShares Global Financials ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  14.83%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  14.71%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.85%
    BNP Paribas, New York Branch/Custody Services
525 Washington BLVD.
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.10%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.41%
         
iShares Global Healthcare ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  16.15%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.87%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  6.90%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.69%
    BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  5.43%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.17%
         
65


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares Global Industrials ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.88%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  9.93%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  9.25%
    BNP Paribas, New York Branch/Custody Services
525 Washington BLVD.
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.20%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  5.64%
         
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.07%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  7.37%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.09%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  6.51%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.41%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.39%
         
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  15.87%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.16%
66


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  7.54%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.10%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  6.92%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.62%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.46%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  6.33%
    CIBC World Markets Inc./CDS
161 Bay Street
10th Floor
Toronto
ON Ontario
M5J 258 CA
  5.95%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.30%
         
iShares Global Telecom ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  17.26%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  10.21%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.10%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  7.80%
67


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  6.21%
    PNC Bank, National Association
Institutional Service Group
8800 Tinicum Blvd.
Attn: Trade Sett. Dept
Philadelphia, PA 19153
  6.15%
         
iShares Global Utilities ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.75%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.29%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.17%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  7.08%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  6.14%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  5.26%
         
iShares International Developed Property ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  20.81%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  17.52%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  10.25%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.09%
         
68


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  27.36%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  13.51%
    RBC Capital Markets Corporation
One Liberty Plaza
New York, NY 10006-1446
  10.05%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.52%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.38%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.08%
         
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  15.89%
    Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  11.99%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  10.50%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.89%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.20%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  5.39%
         
iShares Micro-Cap ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  29.04%
69


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.47%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  8.45%
    Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  7.88%
         
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.36%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.96%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  9.13%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  8.89%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.23%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.65%
         
iShares Russell 1000 ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  21.48%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  14.06%
    BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  6.32%
         
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  12.37%
70


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.79%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.63%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  8.58%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  5.45%
         
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.33%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.15%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  8.80%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.63%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.39%
    BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  5.46%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.12%
         
iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  14.93%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.04%
71


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.51%
         
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  12.24%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.16%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.67%
         
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.49%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.41%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  8.98%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  7.04%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.24%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.96%
         
iShares Russell 3000 ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  17.23%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  16.11%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  8.57%
72


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.85%
    Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  6.01%
         
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  15.89%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.60%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  10.80%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  9.11%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.19%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.02%
         
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  18.71%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.43%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  7.40%
    Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
733 Marquette Ave
4th Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
  6.22%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.45%
         
73


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF   JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  13.03%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.06%
    Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
733 Marquette Ave
4th Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
  7.12%
    PNC Bank, National Association
Institutional Service Group
8800 Tinicum Blvd.
Attn: Trade Sett. Dept
Philadelphia, PA 19153
  7.09%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  5.27%
         
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  15.88%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.28%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.65%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.75%
    Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
733 Marquette Ave
4th Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
  5.28%
         
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.19%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  10.13%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.00%
74


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  6.94%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.92%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.44%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  5.18%
         
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  53.09%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  18.46%
         
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF   State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  49.93%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  9.12%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  7.59%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.90%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  5.48%
         
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF   UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  17.46%
    Union Bank of California, N.A.
350 California St.
8th Floor
San Francisco, CA 94104
  13.16%
75


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  11.10%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  10.61%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  7.00%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.78%
    BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  5.26%
         
iShares S&P 100 ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.53%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.29%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.99%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  8.73%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  7.91%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  7.25%
    Mellon Trust of New England, National Association
Three Mellon Bank Center
Floor 1533700
Pittsburgh, PA 15259
  5.28%
         
76


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF   Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  16.44%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.23%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.02%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.91%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.21%
         
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF   Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  12.97%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.77%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.16%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.97%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.88%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.29%
         
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF   Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
733 Marquette Ave
4th Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
  10.89%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.80%
77


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  9.63%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  9.57%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.53%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.96%
         
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.46%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  11.79%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.41%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.87%
    Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
733 Marquette Ave
4th Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
  9.72%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.24%
         
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  14.76%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  13.66%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  12.09%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.78%
78


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.49%
         
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  17.30%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  14.02%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  11.81%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  8.53%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  6.64%
         
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.79%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  12.43%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  7.63%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  7.41%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.50%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.99%
Potential Conflicts of Interest.  The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (“PNC”) has a significant economic interest in BlackRock, Inc., the parent of BFA, the Funds' investment adviser. PNC is considered to be an affiliate of BlackRock, Inc., under the 1940 Act. Certain activities of BFA, BlackRock, Inc. and their affiliates (collectively, “BlackRock”) and PNC and its affiliates (collectively, “PNC” and together with BlackRock, “Affiliates”), with respect to the Funds and/or other accounts managed by BlackRock or PNC, may give rise to actual or perceived conflicts of interest such as those described below.
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BlackRock is one of the world's largest asset management firms. PNC is a diversified financial services organization spanning the retail, business and corporate markets. BlackRock and PNC are affiliates of one another under the 1940 Act. BlackRock and PNC and their respective affiliates (including, for these purposes, their directors, partners, trustees, managing members, officers and employees), including the entities and personnel who may be involved in the investment activities and business operations of a Fund, are engaged worldwide in businesses, including equity, fixed-income, cash management and alternative investments. These are considerations of which investors in a Fund should be aware, and which may cause conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Fund and its shareholders. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments that may be purchased or sold by a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates have proprietary interests in, and may manage or advise with respect to, accounts or funds (including separate accounts and other funds and collective investment vehicles) that have investment objectives similar to those of a Fund and/or that engage in transactions in the same types of securities, currencies and instruments as the Fund. One or more Affiliates are also major participants in the global currency, equities, swap and fixed-income markets, in each case both on a proprietary basis and for the accounts of customers. As such, one or more Affiliates are or may be actively engaged in transactions in the same securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests. Such activities could affect the prices and availability of the securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests, which could have an adverse impact on the Fund's performance. Such transactions, particularly in respect of most proprietary accounts or customer accounts, will be executed independently of a Fund's transactions and thus at prices or rates that may be more or less favorable than those obtained by the Fund. When BlackRock and its Affiliates purchase or sell the same assets for their managed accounts, including a Fund, the assets actually purchased or sold may be allocated among the accounts on a basis determined in their good faith discretion to be equitable. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the size or price of the assets purchased or sold for a Fund. In addition, transactions in investments by one or more other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of a Fund, particularly, but not limited to, with respect to small capitalization, emerging market or less liquid strategies. This may occur when investment decisions regarding a Fund are based on research or other information that is also used to support decisions for other accounts. When BlackRock or its Affiliates implements a portfolio decision or strategy on behalf of another account ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar decisions or strategies for a Fund, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other factors could result in the Fund receiving less favorable trading results and the costs of implementing such decisions or strategies could be increased or the Fund could otherwise be disadvantaged. BlackRock or its Affiliates may, in certain cases, elect to implement internal policies and procedures designed to limit such consequences, which may cause a Fund to be unable to engage in certain activities, including purchasing or disposing of securities, when it might otherwise be desirable for it to do so.
Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding a Fund may benefit other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by a Fund may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by a Fund may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which a Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of a Fund's investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of BlackRock or its Affiliates or their clients, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
The results of a Fund's investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by BlackRock and its Affiliates for their proprietary accounts or other accounts (including investment companies or collective investment vehicles) managed or advised by them. It is possible that one or more Affiliate-managed accounts and such other accounts will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by a Fund. Moreover, it is possible that a Fund will sustain losses during periods in which one or more Affiliate-managed accounts achieve significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. The opposite result is also possible. The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and accounts under their management may also limit the investment opportunities for a Fund in certain emerging and other markets in which limitations are imposed upon the amount of investment, in the aggregate or in individual issuers, by affiliated foreign investors.
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From time to time, a Fund's activities may also be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to one or more Affiliates, and/or their internal policies designed to comply with such restrictions. As a result, there may be periods, for example, when BlackRock, and/or one or more Affiliates, will not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions in certain securities or instruments with respect to which BlackRock and/or one or more Affiliates are performing services or when position limits have been reached.
In connection with its management of a Fund, BlackRock may have access to certain fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models developed by one or more Affiliates. BlackRock will not be under any obligation, however, to effect transactions on behalf of a Fund in accordance with such analysis and models. In addition, neither BlackRock nor any of its Affiliates will have any obligation to make available any information regarding their proprietary activities or strategies, or the activities or strategies used for other accounts managed by them, for the benefit of the management of a Fund and it is not anticipated that BlackRock will have access to such information for the purpose of managing the Fund. The proprietary activities or portfolio strategies of BlackRock and its Affiliates, or the activities or strategies used for accounts managed by them or other customer accounts could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by BlackRock in managing a Fund.
In addition, certain principals and certain employees of BlackRock are also principals or employees of Affiliates. As a result, the performance by these principals and employees of their obligations to such other entities may be a consideration of which investors in a Fund should be aware.
BlackRock may enter into transactions and invest in securities, instruments and currencies on behalf of a Fund in which customers of BlackRock or its Affiliates, or, to the extent permitted by the SEC, BlackRock or another Affiliate, serves as the counterparty, principal or issuer. In such cases, such party's interests in the transaction will be adverse to the interests of the Fund, and such party may have no incentive to assure that the Fund obtains the best possible prices or terms in connection with the transactions. In addition, the purchase, holding and sale of such investments by a Fund may enhance the profitability of BlackRock or its Affiliates. One or more Affiliates may also create, write or issue derivatives for their customers, the underlying securities, currencies or instruments of which may be those in which a Fund invests or which may be based on the performance of the Fund. A Fund may, subject to applicable law, purchase investments that are the subject of an underwriting or other distribution by one or more Affiliates and may also enter into transactions with other clients of an Affiliate where such other clients have interests adverse to those of the Fund.
At times, these activities may cause departments of BlackRock or its Affiliates to give advice to clients that may cause these clients to take actions adverse to the interests of the Fund. To the extent affiliated transactions are permitted, a Fund will deal with BlackRock and its Affiliates on an arms-length basis. BlackRock or its Affiliates may also have an ownership interest in certain trading or information systems used by a Fund. A Fund's use of such trading or information systems may enhance the profitability of BlackRock and its Affiliates.
One or more Affiliates may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or adviser or in other commercial capacities for a Fund. It is anticipated that the commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs, financial advisory fees, underwriting and placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, other fees, compensation or profits, rates, terms and conditions charged by an Affiliate will be in its view commercially reasonable, although each Affiliate, including its sales personnel, will have an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts that are favorable to the Affiliate and such sales personnel.
Subject to applicable law, the Affiliates (and their personnel and other distributors) will be entitled to retain fees and other amounts that they receive in connection with their service to the Funds as broker, dealer, agent, lender, adviser or in other commercial capacities and no accounting to the Funds or their respective shareholders will be required, and no fees or other compensation payable by the Funds or their respective shareholders will be reduced by reason of receipt by an Affiliate of any such fees or other amounts.
When an Affiliate acts as broker, dealer, agent, adviser or in other commercial capacities in relation to the Funds, the Affiliate may take commercial steps in its own interests, which may have an adverse effect on the Funds. A Fund will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on the Fund's own credit standing. Neither BlackRock nor any of the Affiliates will have any obligation to allow their credit to be used in connection with a Fund's establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that the Fund's counterparties will rely on the credit of BlackRock or any of the Affiliates in evaluating the Fund's creditworthiness.
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Purchases and sales of securities for a Fund may be bunched or aggregated with orders for other BlackRock client accounts. BlackRock, however, is not required to bunch or aggregate orders if portfolio management decisions for different accounts are made separately, or if it determines that bunching or aggregating is not practicable or required, or in cases involving client direction.
Prevailing trading activity frequently may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Funds will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Funds. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Funds will not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.
BlackRock may select brokers (including, without limitation, Affiliates) that furnish BlackRock, the Funds, other BlackRock client accounts or other Affiliates or personnel, directly or through correspondent relationships, with research or other appropriate services which provide, in BlackRock's view, appropriate assistance to BlackRock in the investment decision-making process (including with respect to futures, fixed-price offerings and over-the-counter transactions). Such research or other services may include, to the extent permitted by law, research reports on companies, industries and securities; economic and financial data; financial publications; proxy analysis; trade industry seminars; computer data bases; research-oriented software and other services and products. Research or other services obtained in this manner may be used in servicing any or all of the Funds and other BlackRock client accounts, including in connection with BlackRock client accounts other than those that pay commissions to the broker relating to the research or other service arrangements. Such products and services may disproportionately benefit other BlackRock client accounts relative to the Funds based on the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds and such other BlackRock client accounts. For example, research or other services that are paid for through one client's commissions may not be used in managing that client's account. In addition, other BlackRock client accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products and services that may be provided to the Funds and to such other BlackRock client accounts. To the extent that BlackRock uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products and services itself.
BlackRock may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. To the extent that BlackRock receives research on this basis, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist. For example, the research effectively will be paid by client commissions that also will be used to pay for the execution, clearing, and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by BlackRock.
BlackRock may endeavor to execute trades through brokers who, pursuant to such arrangements, provide research or other services in order to ensure the continued receipt of research or other services BlackRock believes are useful in its investment decision-making process. BlackRock may from time to time choose not to engage in the above described arrangements to varying degrees. BlackRock may also enter into commission sharing arrangements under which BlackRock may execute transactions through a broker-dealer, including, where permitted, an Affiliate, and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to BlackRock. To the extent that BlackRock engages in commission sharing arrangements, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist.
BlackRock may utilize certain electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) in executing client  securities transactions for certain types of securities. These ECNs may charge fees for their services, including access fees and transaction fees. The transaction fees, which are similar to commissions or mark-ups/mark-downs, will generally be charged to clients and, like commissions and mark-ups/mark-downs, would generally be included in the cost of the securities purchased. Access fees may be paid by BlackRock even though incurred in connection with executing transactions on behalf of clients, including the Funds. In certain circumstances, ECNs may offer volume discounts that will reduce the access fees typically paid by BlackRock. BlackRock will only utilize ECNs consistent with its obligation to seek to obtain best execution in client transactions.
BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Funds, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with BlackRock's fiduciary obligations to its clients. Nevertheless, notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of BlackRock may have the effect of favoring the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of BlackRock and/or its Affiliates, provided that BlackRock believes such voting
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decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the Proxy Voting Policy section of this SAI.
It is also possible that, from time to time, BlackRock or its Affiliates may, although they are not required to, purchase and hold shares of a Fund. Increasing a Fund's assets may enhance investment flexibility and diversification and may contribute to economies of scale that tend to reduce the Fund's expense ratio. BlackRock and its Affiliates reserve the right to redeem at any time some or all of the shares of a Fund acquired for their own accounts. A large redemption of shares of a Fund by BlackRock or its Affiliates could significantly reduce the asset size of the Fund, which might have an adverse effect on the Fund's investment flexibility, portfolio diversification and expense ratio. BlackRock will consider the effect of redemptions on a Fund and other shareholders in deciding whether to redeem its shares.
It is possible that a Fund may invest in securities of companies with which an Affiliate has or is trying to develop investment banking relationships as well as securities of entities in which BlackRock or its Affiliates has significant debt or equity investments or in which an Affiliate makes a market. A Fund also may invest in securities of companies to which an Affiliate provides or may someday provide research coverage. Such investments could cause conflicts between the interests of a Fund and the interests of other clients of BlackRock or its Affiliates. In making investment decisions for a Fund, BlackRock is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information acquired by any division, department or Affiliate of BlackRock in the course of these activities. In addition, from time to time, the activities of an Affiliate may limit a Fund's flexibility in purchases and sales of securities. When an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of an entity, BlackRock may be prohibited from purchasing or recommending the purchase of certain securities of that entity for a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates, their personnel and other financial service providers may have interests in promoting sales of the Funds. With respect to BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel, the remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of the Funds or other products may be greater than remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of certain funds or other products that might be provided or offered. BlackRock and its Affiliates and their sales personnel may directly or indirectly receive a portion of the fees and commissions charged to the Funds or their respective shareholders. BlackRock and its advisory or other personnel may also benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. Fees and commissions may also be higher than for other products or services, and the remuneration and profitability to BlackRock or its Affiliates and such personnel resulting from transactions on behalf of or management of the Funds may be greater than the remuneration and profitability resulting from other funds or products.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel may receive greater compensation or greater profit in connection with an account for which BlackRock serves as an adviser than with an account advised by an unaffiliated investment adviser. Differentials in compensation may be related to the fact that BlackRock may pay a portion of its advisory fee to its Affiliate, or relate to compensation arrangements, including for portfolio management, brokerage transactions or account servicing. Any differential in compensation may create a financial incentive on the part of BlackRock or its Affiliates and their personnel to recommend BlackRock over unaffiliated investment advisers or to effect transactions differently in one account over another.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may provide valuation assistance to certain clients with respect to certain securities or other investments and the valuation recommendations made for their clients' accounts may differ from the valuations for the same securities or investments assigned by a Fund's pricing vendors, especially if such valuations are based on broker-dealer quotes or other data sources unavailable to the Fund's pricing vendors. While BlackRock will generally communicate its valuation information or determinations to a Fund's pricing vendors and/or fund accountants, there may be instances where the Fund's pricing vendors or fund accountants assign a different valuation to a security or other investment than the valuation for such security or investment determined or recommended by BlackRock.
As disclosed in more detail in the Determination of Net Asset Value section of each Fund’s Prospectus, when market valuations are not readily available or such valuations do not reflect current market values, the affected investments will be valued using fair value pricing, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Fund's Board. As a result, the Funds' sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued by BlackRock (pursuant to Board-adopted procedures) at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, a Fund may invest all or some of its short-term cash investments in any money market fund or similarly-managed private fund advised or managed by BlackRock. In connection with any such investments,
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a Fund, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, may pay its share of expenses of a money market fund in which it invests, which may result in a Fund bearing some additional expenses.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their directors, officers and employees, may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and may have conflicts of interest with respect to investments made on behalf of a Fund. As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by directors, officers, employees and Affiliates of BlackRock that are the same, different from or made at different times than positions taken for the Fund. To lessen the possibility that a Fund will be adversely affected by this personal trading, the Fund, BFA and BlackRock each has adopted a code of ethics in compliance with Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the Fund's portfolio transactions. Each code of ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Each code of ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by e-mail at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-1520.
BlackRock and its Affiliates will not purchase securities or other property from, or sell securities or other property to, a Fund, except that the Fund may in accordance with rules adopted under the 1940 Act engage in transactions with accounts that are affiliated with the Fund as a result of common officers, directors, or investment advisers or pursuant to exemptive orders granted to the Funds and/or BlackRock by the SEC. These transactions would be affected in circumstances in which BlackRock determined that it would be appropriate for a Fund to purchase and another client of BlackRock to sell, or the Fund to sell and another client of BlackRock to purchase, the same security or instrument on the same day. From time to time, the activities of a Fund may be restricted because of regulatory requirements applicable to BlackRock or its Affiliates and/or BlackRock's internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such requirements. A client not advised by BlackRock would not be subject to some of those considerations. There may be periods when BlackRock may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, or may otherwise restrict or limit their advice in certain securities or instruments issued by or related to companies for which an Affiliate is performing investment banking, market making or other services or has proprietary positions. For example, when an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of, or advisory services for, a company, the Funds may be prohibited from or limited in purchasing or selling securities of that company. Similar situations could arise if personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates serve as directors of companies the securities of which the Funds wish to purchase or sell. However, if permitted by applicable law, the Funds may purchase securities or instruments that are issued by such companies or are the subject of an underwriting, distribution, or advisory assignment by an Affiliate, or in cases in which personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates are directors or officers of the issuer.
The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and for client accounts may also limit the investment strategies and rights of the Funds. For example, in regulated industries, in certain emerging or international markets, in corporate and regulatory ownership definitions, and in certain futures and derivative transactions, there may be limits on the aggregate amount of investment by affiliated investors that may not be exceeded without the grant of a license or other regulatory or corporate consent or, if exceeded, may cause BlackRock, the Funds or other client accounts to suffer disadvantages or business restrictions.
If certain aggregate ownership thresholds are reached or certain transactions undertaken, the ability of BlackRock on behalf of clients (including the Funds) to purchase or dispose of investments, or exercise rights or undertake business transactions, may be restricted by regulation or otherwise impaired. As a result, BlackRock, on behalf of clients (including the Funds), may limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict or limit the exercise of rights (including voting rights) when BlackRock, in its sole discretion, deems it appropriate.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may maintain securities indexes as part of their product offerings. Index based funds seek to track the performance of securities indexes and may use the name of the index in the fund name. Index providers, including BlackRock and its Affiliates may be paid licensing fees for use of their index or index name. BlackRock and its Affiliates will not be obligated to license their indexes to BlackRock, and BlackRock cannot be assured that the terms of any index licensing agreement with BlackRock and its Affiliates will be as favorable as those terms offered to other index licensees.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may serve as Authorized Participants in the creation and redemption of exchange-traded funds, including funds advised by Affiliates of BlackRock. As described in greater detail in the Creations and Redemptions section of
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each Prospectus, BlackRock and its Affiliates may therefore be deemed to be participants in a distribution of iShares funds that could render them statutory underwriters.
Present and future activities of BlackRock and its Affiliates, including BFA, in addition to those described in this section, may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services
Investment Adviser.  BFA serves as investment adviser to each Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, and BFA. BFA is a California corporation indirectly owned by BlackRock, Inc. and is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Under the investment advisory agreement, BFA, subject to the supervision of the Board and in conformity with the stated investment policies of each Fund, manages and administers the Trust and the investment of each Fund’s assets. BFA is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and providing continuous supervision of the investment portfolio of each Fund.
Pursuant to the investment advisory agreement, BFA may, from time to time, in its sole discretion and to the extent permitted by applicable law, appoint one or more sub-advisers, including, without limitation, affiliates of BFA, to perform investment advisory or other services with respect to a Fund. In addition, BFA may delegate certain of its investment advisory functions under the investment advisory agreement to one or more of its affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law. BFA may terminate any or all sub-advisers or such delegation arrangements in its sole discretion upon appropriate notice at any time to the extent permitted by applicable law.
BFA is responsible, under the investment advisory agreement, for substantially all expenses of the Funds, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. BFA is not responsible for, and the Funds will bear the cost of, interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses and other expenses connected with the execution of portfolio securities transactions, distribution fees and extraordinary expenses.
For its investment advisory services , BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from each Fund corresponding to the Fund’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the following iShares funds: iShares Global Clean Energy ETF, iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF, iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF, iShares Global Energy ETF, iShares Global Financials ETF, iShares Global Healthcare ETF, iShares Global Industrials ETF, iShares Global Infrastructure ETF, iShares Global Materials ETF, iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF, iShares Global Tech ETF, iShares Global Telecom ETF, iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF, iShares Global Utilities ETF, iShares North American Natural Resources ETF, iShares North American Tech ETF, iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF, iShares North American Tech-Software ETF and iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF. The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows: 0.48% per annum of the aggregate net assets of those Funds less than or equal to $10.0 billion, plus 0.43% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $10.0 billion, up to and including $20.0 billion, plus 0.38% per annum of the aggregate net assets in excess of $20.0 billion.
Effective July 1, 2013, for its investment advisory services to the iShares Russell 2000 ETF, iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF, iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF and iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from each Fund corresponding to the Fund’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the iShares Latin America 40 ETF, iShares MSCI Pacific ex Japan ETF, iShares Russell 2000 ETF, iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF, iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF, iShares Select Dividend ETF and iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF (“Combined Funds”). The aggregate management fees are calculated as follows:
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee for
the iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF
and iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF
First $46 billion 0.2500%
Greater than $46 billion – Up to $81 billion 0.2375%
Greater than $81 billion – Up to $141 billion 0.2257%
Greater than $141 billion 0.2144%
    
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Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee for
the iShares Russell 2000 ETF
First $46 billion 0.2000%
Greater than $46 billion – Up to $81 billion 0.1900%
Greater than $81 billion – Up to $141 billion 0.1805%
Greater than $141 billion 0.1715%
    
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee for
the iShares U.S. Preferred
Stock ETF
First $46 billion 0.4800%
Greater than $46 billion – Up to $81 billion 0.4560%
Greater than $81 billion – Up to $141 billion 0.4332%
Greater than $141 billion 0.4116%
Each reduced management fee level set forth in the fee schedules above reflects a 5% reduction (rounded to the fourth decimal place) from the management fee at the prior Combined Fund asset level.
Effective July 1, 2013, for its investment advisory services to the iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF, iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF, iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF, iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF and iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from each Fund corresponding to the Fund’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF, iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF, iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF, iShares MBS ETF, iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF, iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF, iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF, iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF and the iShares TIPS Bond ETF (“Combined Funds”). The aggregate management fees are calculated as follows:
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee
for the iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF
First $121 billion 0.4800%
Greater than $121 billion - Up to $211 billion 0.4560%
Greater than $211 billion 0.4332%
    
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee
for the iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF,
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF
and iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF
First $121 billion 0.2500%
Greater than $121 billion - Up to $211 billion 0.2375%
Greater than $211 billion 0.2257%
    
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee
for the iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF,
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF
and iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF
First $121 billion 0.2000%
Greater than $121 billion - Up to $211 billion 0.1900%
Greater than $211 billion 0.1805%
Each reduced management fee level set forth in the fee schedules above reflects a 5% reduction (rounded to the fourth decimal place) from the management fee at the prior Combined Fund asset level.
For its investment advisory services to each Fund, BFA received a management fee at the annual rates (as a percentage of such Fund's average net assets) set forth below for the fiscal years noted:
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Fund   Management
Fee for the
Fiscal
Year Ended
March 31, 2013
  Fund
Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
March 31, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
March 31, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
March 31, 2011
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF1   0.07%   05/15/00   $ 26,896,891   $ 25,507,376   $ 22,478,350
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF2   0.14%   05/22/00   20,364,934   20,451,942   16,776,942
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF3   0.14%   05/22/00   13,593,757   13,897,142   12,613,752
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF4   0.07%   01/20/04   533,738   650,508   614,287
iShares Europe ETF   0.60%   07/25/00   6,356,172   6,861,173   7,376,092
iShares Global 100 ETF   0.40%   12/05/00   4,206,965   4,077,561   3,481,499
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF   0.48%   06/24/08   130,269   240,487   266,488
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF   0.48%   09/12/06   745,145   656,934   523,145
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   0.48%   09/12/06   2,366,197   1,941,835   1,508,866
iShares Global Energy ETF   0.48%   11/12/01   5,186,864   5,776,872   5,678,067
iShares Global Financials ETF   0.48%   11/12/01   931,252   962,296   1,368,830
iShares Global Healthcare ETF   0.48%   11/13/01   2,860,380   2,525,276   2,341,870
iShares Global Industrials ETF   0.48%   09/12/06   816,320   970,829   930,422
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF   0.48%   12/10/07   1,867,943   2,277,184   2,233,689
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF   0.48%   06/24/08   47,643   68,169   87,094
iShares Global Telecom ETF   0.48%   11/12/01   2,405,307   2,018,652   1,705,945
iShares Global Utilities ETF   0.48%   09/12/06   1,179,719   1,181,989   1,135,713
iShares International Developed Property ETF   0.48%   07/30/07   803,119   643,648   596,063
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF   0.55%   11/15/11   628,316   112,917   N/A
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF   0.50%   10/23/01   351,046   458,842   547,360
iShares Micro-Cap ETF   0.60%   08/12/05   2,807,819   2,674,706   2,769,004
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF   0.48%   02/05/01   10,211,699   7,206,199   6,790,180
iShares Russell 1000 ETF   0.15%   05/15/00   9,923,991   9,802,391   8,778,698
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   0.20%   05/22/00   33,054,206   27,858,221   23,214,029
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   0.20%   05/22/00   26,821,765   22,340,047   19,334,191
iShares Russell 2000 ETF   0.20%   05/22/00   32,735,573   29,816,259   29,322,997
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   0.25%   07/24/00   9,912,868   9,606,715   8,697,367
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   0.25%   07/24/00   10,458,573   10,021,428   10,768,852
iShares Russell 3000 ETF   0.20%   05/22/00   7,269,005   6,454,527   6,094,116
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF5   0.25%   07/24/00   896,175   830,894   765,543
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF6   0.25%   07/24/00   834,198   760,467   793,388
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF   0.20%   07/17/01   12,862,353   12,585,241   11,304,820
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   0.25%   07/17/01   8,226,585   7,909,609   7,572,201
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   0.25%   07/17/01   8,839,068   7,368,696   7,430,835
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF   0.15%   09/22/09   126,806   138,139   17,926
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF   0.20%   09/22/09   709,781   740,092   471,600
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF   0.20%   09/22/09   160,587   311,263   369,721
iShares S&P 100 ETF   0.20%   10/23/00   8,082,603   6,029,520   4,860,001
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF   0.18%   05/22/00   12,663,078   11,590,663   9,755,770
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF   0.18%   05/22/00   8,273,187   7,457,889   7,172,040
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF   0.25%   07/24/00   7,756,061   7,430,960   6,611,649
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF   0.25%   07/24/00   5,625,293   5,289,248   5,194,583
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF   0.25%   07/24/00   4,113,573   4,299,806   4,169,240
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF   0.25%   07/24/00   4,790,474   4,350,171   4,384,442
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   0.48%   03/26/07   48,088,552   36,145,861   25,530,362

1 Effective October 17, 2012, the management fee for the iShares Core S&P 500 ETF is 0.07%.
2 Effective October 17, 2012, the management fee for the iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF is 0.14%.
3 Effective October 17, 2012, the management fee for the iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF is 0.14%.
4 Effective October 17, 2012, the management fee for the iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF is 0.07%.
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5 Effective June 12, 2014, the management fee for the iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF is 0.09%.
6 Effective June 12, 2014, the management fee for the iShares Core U.S. Value ETF is 0.09%.
Investment Sub-Adviser.  Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement between BFA and the Trust entered into on behalf of the iShares International Preferred Stock ETF, BFA may from time to time, in its sole discretion, to the extent permitted by applicable law, appoint one or more sub-advisers, including, without limitation, affiliates of BFA, to perform investment advisory services with respect to the Fund. In addition, BFA may delegate certain of its investment advisory functions under the Investment Advisory Agreement to one or more of its affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law. BFA may terminate any or all sub-advisers or such delegation arrangements in its sole discretion at any time to the extent permitted by applicable law.
BFA has entered into an investment sub-advisory agreement (the “Sub-Advisory Agreement” and together with the Investment Advisory Agreement, the “Advisory Agreements”) with the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser is an investment adviser located in the United Kingdom. The Sub-Adviser is an affiliate of BFA and is a registered investment adviser and a commodity pool operator organized in 1999. As of March 31, 2013, the Sub-Adviser’s total assets under management were approximately $23.9 billion.
Under the Sub-Advisory Agreement, subject to the supervision and oversight of the Board and BFA, the Sub-Adviser will be primarily responsible for execution of securities transactions outside the United States and Canada and may, from time to time, participate in the management of specified assets in the Fund’s portfolio.
Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, BFA pays the Sub-Adviser for services it provides either: (i) a fee equal to a percentage of the management fee paid to BFA under the Investment Advisory Agreement, or (ii) an amount based on the cost of the services provided. If the Sub-Adviser provides services related to both portfolio management and trading it is entitled to receive, from BFA, an amount equal to 20% of BFA’s management fee, and if the Sub-Adviser provides services related solely to trading then it is entitled to receive, from BFA, an amount equal to 110% of the actual pre-tax costs incurred by the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser may be responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund or portions of the Fund.
Over the last three fiscal years, the amount paid by BFA to the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Fund has been $0.
Unless earlier terminated as described below, each Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for an initial two year period and from year to year if approved annually (a) by the Board or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, and (b) by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to such agreement or interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party.
Each Advisory Agreement with respect to each Fund is terminable without penalty, on 60 days' notice, by the Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Investment Advisory Agreement is also terminable upon 60 days' notice by BFA. The Sub-Advisory Agreement is also terminable on 60 days' written notice at the option of either BFA or the Sub-Adviser. Each Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
Portfolio Managers.  As of March 31, 2013, except as otherwise noted below, the individuals named as Portfolio Managers in the Funds' Prospectuses were also primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of other iShares funds and certain other types of portfolios and/or accounts as follows:
Matthew Goff (as of 9/1/2013)        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   53   $ 46,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   0
Other Accounts   2   156,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
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Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   180   $229,300,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   19   11,800,000,000
Other Accounts   1   27,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   180   $229,300,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   194   $244,000,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   83   38,500,000,000
Other Accounts   2   78,600,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
Each of the portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management seeks to track the rate of return, risk profile and other characteristics of independent third-party indexes by either replicating the same combination of securities that constitute those indexes or through a representative sampling of the securities that constitute those indexes based on objective criteria and data. Pursuant to BFA’s policy, investment opportunities are allocated equitably among the Funds and other portfolios and accounts. For example, under certain circumstances, an investment opportunity may be restricted due to limited supply in the market, legal constraints or other factors, in which event the investment opportunity will be allocated equitably among those portfolios and accounts, including the funds seeking such investment opportunity. As a consequence, from time to time the Funds may receive a smaller allocation of an investment opportunity than they would have if the Portfolio Managers and BFA and its affiliates did not manage other portfolios or accounts.
Like the Funds, the other portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management generally pay an asset-based fee to BFA or its affiliates, as applicable, for its advisory services. One or more of those other portfolios or accounts, however, may pay BFA or its affiliates an incentive-based fee in lieu of, or in addition to, an asset-based fee for its advisory services. A portfolio or account with an incentive-based fee would pay BFA or its affiliates a portion of that portfolio’s or account’s gains, or would pay BFA or its affiliates more for its services than would otherwise be the case if BFA or any of its affiliates meets or exceeds specified performance targets. By their nature, incentive-based fee arrangements could present an incentive for BFA or its affiliates to devote greater resources, and allocate more investment opportunities, to the portfolios or accounts that have those fee arrangements, relative to other portfolios or accounts, in order to earn larger fees. Although BFA and each of its affiliates has an obligation to allocate resources and opportunities equitably among portfolios and accounts and intends to do so, shareholders of the Funds should be aware that, as with any group of portfolios and accounts managed by an investment adviser and/or its affiliates pursuant to varying fee arrangements, including incentive-based fee arrangements, there is the potential for a conflict of interest that may result in the Portfolio Managers' favoring those portfolios or accounts with incentive-based fee arrangements.
The tables below show, for each Portfolio Manager, the number of portfolios or accounts of the types set forth in the above tables and the aggregate of total assets in those portfolios or accounts with respect to which the investment management fees are based on the performance of those portfolios or accounts as of March 31, 2013, except as otherwise noted below:
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Matthew Goff (as of 9/1/2013)        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
The discussion below describes the Portfolio Managers' compensation as of March 31, 2013.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Overview
BlackRock, Inc.'s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a performance-based discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock, Inc.
Base compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm.
Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, Inc., the performance of the portfolio manager's group within BlackRock, Inc. and the individual's performance and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock, Inc.
Distribution of Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash and BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units which vest ratably over a number of years. The BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units, if properly vested, will be settled in BlackRock, Inc. common stock. Typically, the cash bonus, when combined with base salary, represents more than 60% of total compensation for the portfolio managers. Paying a portion of annual bonuses in stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year “at risk” based on BlackRock, Inc.'s ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods.
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Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards — From time to time, long-term incentive equity awards are granted to certain key employees to aid in retention, align their interests with long-term shareholder interests and motivate performance. Equity awards are generally granted in the form of BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units that, once vested, settle in BlackRock, Inc. common stock.
Other Compensation Benefits. In addition to base compensation and discretionary incentive compensation, portfolio managers may be eligible to receive or participate in one or more of the following:
Incentive Savings Plans — BlackRock, Inc. has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock, Inc. employees are eligible to participate, including a 401(k) plan, the BlackRock Retirement Savings Plan (“RSP”), and the BlackRock Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The employer contribution components of the RSP include a company match equal to 50% of the first 8% of eligible pay contributed to the plan capped at $5,000 per year, and a company retirement contribution equal to 3-5% of eligible compensation up to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) limit ($255,000 for 2013). The RSP offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies and collective investment funds managed by the firm. BlackRock, Inc. contributions follow the investment direction set by participants for their own contributions or, absent participant investment direction, are invested into an index target date fund that corresponds to, or is closest to, the year in which the participant attains age 65. The ESPP allows for investment in BlackRock, Inc. common stock at a 5% discount on the fair market value of the stock on the purchase date. Annual participation in the ESPP is limited to the purchase of 1,000 shares of common stock or a dollar value of $25,000 based on its fair market value on the Purchase Date. Christopher Bliss, Matthew Goff, Diane Hsiung, Jennifer Hsui and Greg Savage are each eligible to participate in these plans.
As of March 31, 2013, except as otherwise noted below, the Portfolio Managers beneficially owned shares of the Funds, for which they are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management, in the amounts reflected in the following tables:
Matthew Goff (as of 9/1/2013)                          
  Dollar Range    
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF X                        
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF X                        
iShares Europe ETF X                        
iShares Global 100 ETF X                        
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF X                        
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF X                        
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF X                        
iShares Global Energy ETF X                        
iShares Global Financials ETF X                        
iShares Global Healthcare ETF X                        
iShares Global Industrials ETF X                        
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF X                        
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF X                        
iShares Global Telecom ETF X                        
iShares Global Utilities ETF X                        
iShares International Developed Property ETF X                        
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF X                        
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Micro-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF X                        
iShares Russell 1000 ETF X                        
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF X                        
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Matthew Goff                          
  Dollar Range    
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell 2000 ETF X                        
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell 3000 ETF X                        
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF X                        
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF X                        
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF X                        
iShares S&P 100 ETF X                        
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF X                        
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF X                        
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF X                        
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF X                        
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF X                        
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF X                        
    
Diane Hsiung                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF X                        
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF X                        
iShares Europe ETF X                        
iShares Global 100 ETF X                        
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF X                        
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF X                        
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF X                        
iShares Global Energy ETF X                        
iShares Global Financials ETF X                        
iShares Global Healthcare ETF X                        
iShares Global Industrials ETF X                        
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF X                        
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF X                        
iShares Global Telecom ETF X                        
iShares Global Utilities ETF X                        
iShares International Developed Property ETF X                        
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF X                        
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Diane Hsiung                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Micro-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF X                        
iShares Russell 1000 ETF X                        
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell 2000 ETF X                        
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell 3000 ETF X                        
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF X                        
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF X                        
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF X                        
iShares S&P 100 ETF X                        
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF X                        
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF X                        
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF X                        
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF X                        
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF X                        
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF X                        
    
Jennifer Hsui                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF         X                
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF X                        
iShares Europe ETF X                        
iShares Global 100 ETF X                        
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF X                        
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF X                        
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF X                        
iShares Global Energy ETF X                        
iShares Global Financials ETF X                        
iShares Global Healthcare ETF X                        
iShares Global Industrials ETF X                        
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF X                        
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Jennifer Hsui                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF X                        
iShares Global Telecom ETF X                        
iShares Global Utilities ETF X                        
iShares International Developed Property ETF X                        
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF X                        
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Micro-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF X                        
iShares Russell 1000 ETF X                        
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell 2000 ETF X                        
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell 3000 ETF         X                
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF X                        
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF X                        
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF X                        
iShares S&P 100 ETF X                        
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF X                        
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF X                        
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF X                        
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF X                        
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF X                        
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF X                        
    
Greg Savage                          
  Dollar Range    
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF X                        
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF X                        
iShares Europe ETF X                        
iShares Global 100 ETF X                        
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF X                        
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF X                        
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF X                        
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Greg Savage                          
  Dollar Range    
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Global Energy ETF X                        
iShares Global Financials ETF X                        
iShares Global Healthcare ETF X                        
iShares Global Industrials ETF X                        
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF X                        
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF X                        
iShares Global Telecom ETF X                        
iShares Global Utilities ETF X                        
iShares International Developed Property ETF X                        
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF X                        
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Micro-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF X                        
iShares Russell 1000 ETF X                        
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell 2000 ETF X                        
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell 3000 ETF X                        
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF X                        
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF X                        
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF X                        
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF X                        
iShares S&P 100 ETF X                        
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF X                        
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF X                        
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF X                        
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF X                        
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF X                        
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF X                        
Codes of Ethics.  The Trust, BFA, the Sub-Adviser and the Distributor have adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The codes of ethics permit personnel subject to the codes of ethics to invest in securities, subject to certain limitations, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements.  The Funds are subject to the USA PATRIOT Act (the “Patriot Act”). The Patriot Act is intended to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system in furtherance of money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities. Pursuant to requirements under the Patriot Act, a Fund may request information from Authorized Participants to enable it to
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form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its Authorized Participants. This information will be used to verify the identity of Authorized Participants or, in some cases, the status of financial professionals; it will be used only for compliance with the requirements of the Patriot Act.
The Funds reserve the right to reject purchase orders from persons who have not submitted information sufficient to allow the Fund to verify their identity. Each Fund also reserves the right to redeem any amounts in a Fund from persons whose identity it is unable to verify on a timely basis. It is the Funds' policy to cooperate fully with appropriate regulators in any investigations conducted with respect to potential money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) serves as administrator, custodian and transfer agent for the Funds under the Master Services Agreement and related Service Schedule (the “Service Module”). State Street’s principal address is 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116. Pursuant to the Service Module for Fund Administration and Accounting Services with the Trust, State Street provides necessary administrative, legal, tax and accounting and financial reporting services for the maintenance and operations of the Trust and each Fund. In addition, State Street makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services. Pursuant to the Service Module for Custodial Services with the Trust, State Street maintains, in separate accounts, cash, securities and other assets of the Trust and each Fund, keeps all necessary accounts and records and provides other services. State Street is required, upon the order of the Trust, to deliver securities held by State Street and to make payments for securities purchased by the Trust for each Fund. State Street is authorized to appoint certain foreign custodians or foreign custody managers for Fund investments outside the United States. Pursuant to the Service Module for Transfer Agency Services with the Trust, State Street acts as a transfer agent for each Fund’s authorized and issued shares of beneficial interest, and as dividend disbursing agent of the Trust. As compensation for these services, State Street receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by BFA from its management fee.
The following table sets forth the administration, transfer agency and custodian expenses of each Fund paid by BFA to State Street for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 2013
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 2012
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 2011
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   05/15/00   $ 959,369   $1,112,296   $1,075,222
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF   05/22/00   360,378   443,791   389,956
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF   05/22/00   252,800   316,408   322,448
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   01/20/04   27,854   31,231   19,791
iShares Europe ETF   07/25/00   76,415   111,250   125,868
iShares Global 100 ETF   12/05/00   47,319   65,600   58,232
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF   06/24/08   7,440   10,828   8,892
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF   09/12/06   12,841   14,120   10,854
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   09/12/06   27,386   31,285   27,752
iShares Global Energy ETF   11/12/01   46,547   69,392   67,435
iShares Global Financials ETF   11/12/01   17,830   23,790   29,779
iShares Global Healthcare ETF   11/13/01   28,394   36,455   34,394
iShares Global Industrials ETF   09/12/06   17,585   21,300   20,041
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF   12/10/07   34,866   58,673   49,056
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF   06/24/08   3,066   3,577   3,721
iShares Global Telecom ETF   11/12/01   28,737   39,198   31,808
iShares Global Utilities ETF   09/12/06   17,528   23,329   25,352
iShares International Developed Property ETF   07/30/07   34,929   36,907   30,167
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF   11/15/11   37,320   6,693   N/A
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF   10/23/01   5,879   8,563   10,755
iShares Micro-Cap ETF   08/12/05   31,162   31,352   41,166
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF   02/05/01   83,956   80,366   77,499
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Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 2013
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 2012
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 2011
iShares Russell 1000 ETF   05/15/00   204,472   301,941   287,678
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   05/22/00   498,370   589,683   524,741
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   05/22/00   410,792   480,066   438,502
iShares Russell 2000 ETF   05/22/00   944,074   1,116,475   1,065,438
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   07/24/00   148,815   186,243   203,608
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   07/24/00   155,191   206,539   243,922
iShares Russell 3000 ETF   05/22/00   163,685   202,279   155,438
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF   07/24/00   32,022   37,678   23,839
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF   07/24/00   30,982   40,668   29,381
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF   07/17/01   204,694   287,153   271,762
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   07/17/01   110,370   144,102   146,992
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   07/17/01   124,922   141,664   148,710
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF   09/22/09   11,015   11,546   4,534
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF   09/22/09   15,435   22,491   14,164
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF   09/22/09   8,703   14,477   11,984
iShares S&P 100 ETF   10/23/00   123,294   128,092   112,495
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF   05/22/00   214,450   273,339   247,895
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF   05/22/00   148,941   181,758   188,623
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF   07/24/00   103,325   140,398   135,721
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF   07/24/00   82,965   107,362   106,308
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF   07/24/00   66,857   98,647   101,046
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF   07/24/00   81,412   106,692   104,078
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   03/26/07   310,168   313,105   252,182
Distributor.  The Distributor's principal address is 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Funds through the Distributor or its agent only in Creation Units, as described in the applicable Prospectus and below in the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Fund shares in amounts less than Creation Units are generally not distributed by the Distributor or its agent. The Distributor or its agent will arrange for the delivery of the applicable Prospectus and, upon request, this SAI to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it or its agents and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it or its agents. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
The Distribution Agreement for each Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on at least 60 days' prior written notice to the other party following (i) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the relevant Fund. The Distribution Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Fund shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as defined below), DTC participants and/or investor services organizations.
BFA or its affiliates may, from time to time and from its own resources, pay, defray or absorb costs relating to distribution, including payments out of its own resources to the Distributor, or to otherwise promote the sale of shares.
The Distributor has served as the Funds' distributor since April 1, 2012. Prior to that date, SEI Investments Distribution Co. (“SEI”), located at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, PA 19456, served as the distributor to the Funds. The following table sets forth the compensation paid by BFA to SEI for certain services, not primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares, provided to each Fund during the fiscal years noted:
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Fund   Fund Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 2011
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   05/15/00   $7,585   $ 11,306   $ 11,290
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF   05/22/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF   05/22/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   01/20/04   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Europe ETF   07/25/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global 100 ETF   12/05/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF   06/24/08   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF   09/12/06   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   09/12/06   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Energy ETF   11/12/01   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Financials ETF   11/12/01   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Healthcare ETF   11/13/01   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Industrials ETF   09/12/06   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF   12/10/07   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF   06/24/08   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Telecom ETF   11/12/01   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Utilities ETF   09/12/06   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares International Developed Property ETF   07/30/07   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF   11/15/11   7,585   4,456   N/A
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF   10/23/01   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Micro-Cap ETF   08/12/05   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF   02/05/01   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Russell 1000 ETF   05/15/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   05/22/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   05/22/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Russell 2000 ETF   05/22/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   07/24/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   07/24/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Russell 3000 ETF   05/22/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF   07/24/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF   07/24/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF   07/17/01   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   07/17/01   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   07/17/01   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF   09/22/09   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF   09/22/09   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF   09/22/09   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares S&P 100 ETF   10/23/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF   05/22/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF   05/22/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF   07/24/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF   07/24/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF   07/24/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF   07/24/00   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   03/26/07   7,585   11,306   11,290

1 BRIL serves as the distributor to the Funds effective April 1, 2012. These fees reflect payments made to SEI, acting as an agent of the Distributor.
2 SEI served as the distributor to the Funds through March 31, 2012.
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Payments by BFA and its Affiliates. BFA and/or its affiliates (“BFA Entities”) pay certain broker-dealers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Funds, other iShares funds or exchange-traded products in general. BFA Entities make these payments from their own assets and not from the assets of the Funds. Although a portion of BFA Entities’ revenue comes directly or indirectly in part from fees paid by the Funds and other iShares funds, these payments do not increase the price paid by investors for the purchase of shares of, or the cost of owning, the Fund or other iShares funds. BFA Entities make payments for Intermediaries’ participation in activities that are designed to make registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Funds, or for other activities, such as participation in marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems (“Education Costs”). BFA Entities also make payments to Intermediaries for certain printing, publishing and mailing costs associated with the Funds or materials relating to exchange-traded products in general (“Publishing Costs”). In addition, BFA Entities make payments to Intermediaries that make shares of the Funds and certain other iShares funds available to their clients, develop new products that feature iShares or otherwise promote the Funds and other iShares funds. BFA Entities may also reimburse expenses or make payments from their own assets to Intermediaries or other persons in consideration of services or other activities that the BFA Entities believe may benefit the iShares business or facilitate investment in iShares funds. Payments of the type described above are sometimes referred to as revenue-sharing payments.
Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your salesperson or other investment professional may also be significant for your salesperson or other investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it will recommend or make available to its clients or what services to provide for various products based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments may create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients and these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Funds and other iShares funds over other investments. The same conflict of interest and financial incentive exist with respect to your salesperson or other investment professional if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.
As of March 1, 2013, BFA Entities have contractual arrangements to make payments (in addition to payments for Education Costs or Publishing Costs) to one Intermediary, Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (“FBS”). Pursuant to this special, long-term and significant arrangement (the “Marketing Program”), FBS and certain affiliates (collectively “Fidelity”) have agreed, among other things, to actively promote iShares funds to customers and investment professionals and in advertising campaigns as the preferred exchange-traded product, to offer certain iShares funds in certain Fidelity platforms and investment programs, in some cases at a reduced commission rate or commission free, and to provide marketing data to BFA Entities. BFA Entities have agreed to facilitate the Marketing Program by, among other things, making certain payments to FBS for marketing and implementing certain brokerage and investment programs. Upon termination of the arrangement, the BFA Entities will make additional payments to FBS based upon a number of criteria, including the overall success of the Marketing Program and the level of services provided by FBS during the wind-down period.
Any additions, modifications, or deletions to Intermediaries listed above that have occurred since the date noted above are not included in the list. Further, BFA Entities make Education Costs and Publishing Costs payments to other Intermediaries that are not listed above. BFA Entities may determine to make such payments based on any number of metrics. For example, BFA Entities may make payments at year-end or other intervals in a fixed amount, an amount based upon an Intermediary’s services at defined levels or an amount based on the Intermediary’s net sales of one or more iShares funds in a year or other period, any of which arrangements may include an agreed-upon minimum or maximum payment, or any combination of the foregoing. As of the date of this SAI, BFA anticipates that the payments paid by BFA Entities in connection with the Funds, iShares funds and exchange-traded products in general will be immaterial to BFA Entities in the aggregate for the next year. Please contact your salesperson or other investment professional for more information regarding any such payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the BFA Entities to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy shares of iShares funds.
The Funds may participate in certain market maker incentive programs of a national securities exchange in which an affiliate of the Funds would pay a fee to the exchange used for the purpose of incentivizing one or more market makers in the securities of a Fund to enhance the liquidity and quality of the secondary market of securities of a Fund. The fee would then be credited by the exchange to one or more market makers that meet or exceed liquidity and market quality standards with respect to the securities of a Fund. Each market maker incentive program is subject to approval from the SEC. Any such fee payments made to an exchange will be made by an affiliate of a Fund solely for the benefit of a Fund and will not be paid from any Fund assets.
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Determination of Net Asset Value
Valuation of Shares. The NAV for a Fund is generally calculated as of the close of regular trading hours on the NYSE (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each business day the NYSE is open. Valuation of securities held by a Fund is as follows:
Equity Investments. Equity securities traded on a recognized securities exchange (e.g., NYSE), separate trading boards of a securities exchange or through a market system that provides contemporaneous transaction pricing information (an “Exchange”) are valued using information obtained via independent pricing services, generally the Exchange closing price, or if an Exchange closing price is not available, the last traded price on that Exchange prior to the time as of which a Fund’s assets or liabilities are valued. However, under certain circumstances other means of determining current market value may be used. If an equity security is traded on more than one Exchange, the current market value of the security where it is primarily traded generally will be used. In the event that there are no sales involving an equity security held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such security, the prior day’s price will be used, unless, in accordance with valuation procedures approved by a Fund’s Board (the “Valuation Procedures”), BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the security, in which case such asset would be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below).
Fixed Income Investments. In accordance with the Valuation Procedures, fixed income securities for which market quotations are readily available are generally valued using such securities’ most recent bid prices provided directly from one or more broker-dealers, market makers, or independent third-party pricing services, each of which may use matrix pricing and valuation models, as well as recent market transactions for the same or similar assets to derive values. The amortized cost method of valuation may be used with respect to debt obligations with sixty days or less remaining to maturity unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such method does not represent fair value. Loan participation notes are generally valued at the mean of the last available bid prices from one or more brokers or dealers as obtained from independent third-party pricing services. Certain fixed income investments, including asset-backed and mortgage-related securities, may be valued based on valuation models that consider the estimated cash flows of each tranche of the entity, establish a benchmark yield and develop an estimated tranche specific spread to the benchmark yield based on the unique attributes of the tranche. Fixed income securities for which market quotations are not readily available may be valued by third-party pricing services that make a valuation determination by securing transaction data (e.g., recent representative bids), credit quality information, perceived market movements, news, and other relevant information and by other methods, which may include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from dealers; and general market conditions.
Options, Futures, Swaps and Other Derivatives. Exchange-traded equity options for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices as quoted on the Exchange or the board of trade on which such options are traded. In the event that there is no mean price available for an exchange traded equity option held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such option, the last bid (long positions) or ask (short positions) price, if available, will be used as the value of such option. If no such bid or ask price is available on a day on which a Fund values such option, the prior day’s price will be used, unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the option in which case such option will be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below). Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives may be valued using a mathematical model which may incorporate a number of market data factors. Financial futures contracts and options thereon, which are traded on exchanges, are valued at their settle price as of the close of such exchanges. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
Underlying Funds. Shares of underlying exchange-traded funds will be valued at their most recent closing price on an Exchange. Shares of underlying money market funds will be valued at their net asset value.
General Valuation Information. In determining the market value of portfolio investments, a Fund may employ independent third-party pricing services, which may use, without limitation, a matrix or formula method that takes into consideration market indexes, matrices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. This may result in the securities being valued at a price different from the price that would have been determined had the matrix or formula method not been used. All cash, receivables and current payables are carried on a Fund’s books at their face value.
Prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services, broker-dealers or market makers to value a Fund’s securities and other assets and liabilities are based on information available at the time a Fund values its assets and liabilities. In the
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event that a pricing service quotation is revised or updated subsequent to the day on which the Fund valued such security or other asset or liability, the revised pricing service quotation generally will be applied prospectively. Such determination will be made considering pertinent facts and circumstances surrounding the revision.
Certain types of securities, including many fixed income securities, trade infrequently and there may be no current market transactions or recent representative bids for such securities. To the extent that prices for such securities are not reflective of current market transactions or recent representative bids, a Fund will value such securities in good faith in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
In the event that application of the methods of valuation discussed above result in a price for a security which is deemed not to be representative of the fair market value of such security, the security will be valued by, under the direction of or in accordance with a method specified by a Fund’s Board as reflecting fair value. All other assets and liabilities (including securities for which market quotations are not readily available) held by a Fund (including restricted securities) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by a Fund’s Board or by BlackRock (its delegate) pursuant to the Valuation Procedures. Any assets and liabilities which are denominated in a foreign currency are converted into U.S. dollars at the prevailing rates of exchange at such times as may be determined by a Fund from time to time.
Certain of the securities acquired by a Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges or over-the-counter markets on days on which a Fund’s net asset value is not calculated. In such cases, the net asset value of a Fund’s shares may be significantly affected on days when investors can neither purchase nor redeem shares of a Fund.
Use of fair value prices and certain current market valuations could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate a Fund’s NAV and the prices used in the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between a Fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Fair Value. When market quotations are not readily available or are believed in good faith by BlackRock to be unreliable, a Fund’s investments are valued at fair value (“Fair Value Assets”). Fair Value Assets are valued by BlackRock in accordance with the Valuation Procedures. BlackRock may reasonably conclude that a market quotation is not readily available or is unreliable if, among other things, a security or other asset or liability does not have a price source due to its lack of trading, if BlackRock believes in good faith that a market quotation from a broker-dealer or other source is unreliable (e.g., where it varies significantly from a recent trade, or no longer reflects the fair value of the security or other asset or liability subsequent to the most recent market quotation), where the security or other asset or liability is only thinly traded or due to the occurrence of a significant event subsequent to the most recent market quotation. For this purpose, a “significant event” is deemed to occur if BlackRock determines, in its reasonable business judgment, that an event has occurred after the close of trading for an asset or liability but prior to or at the time of pricing a Fund’s assets or liabilities, and that the event is likely to cause a material change to the closing market price of the assets or liabilities held by a Fund. Non-U.S. securities whose values are affected by volatility that occurs in U.S. markets for related or highly correlated assets (e.g., American Depositary Receipts, Global Depositary Receipts or ETFs) on a trading day after the close of non-U.S. securities markets may be fair valued. On any date the NYSE is open and a foreign market or the primary exchange on which a foreign asset or liability is traded is closed, such asset or liability will be valued using the prior day’s price, provided that BlackRock is not aware of any significant event or other information that would cause such price to no longer reflect the fair value of the asset or liability, in which case such asset or liability would be treated as a Fair Value Asset.
BlackRock, with input from the BlackRock Investment Strategy Group, will submit its recommendations regarding the valuation and/or valuation methodologies for Fair Value Assets to BlackRock’s Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee may accept, modify or reject any recommendations. In addition, a Fund’s accounting agent periodically endeavors to confirm the prices it receives from all third-party pricing services, index providers and broker-dealers, and, with the assistance of BlackRock, to regularly evaluate the values assigned to the securities and other assets and liabilities held by a Fund. The pricing of all Fair Value Assets is subsequently reported to and, where appropriate, ratified by the Board.
When determining the price for a Fair Value Asset, the BlackRock Valuation Committee (or BlackRock’s Pricing Group) will seek to determine the price that a Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of that asset or liability in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what a Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. Fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that the Valuation Committee (or Pricing Group) deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third party valuation models.
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Fair value represents a good faith approximation of the value of an asset or liability. When determining fair value of an asset, one or more of a variety of fair valuation methodologies may be used (depending on factors including the asset type). For example, the asset may be priced on the basis of the original cost of the investment or, alternatively, using proprietary or third-party models (including models that rely upon direct portfolio management pricing inputs and which reflect the significance attributed to the various factors and assumptions being considered). Prices of actual, executed or historical transactions in the relevant asset and/or liability (or related or comparable assets and/or liabilities) or, where appropriate, an appraisal by a third party experienced in the valuation of similar assets and/or liabilities, may also be used as a basis for establishing the fair value of an asset or liability. The fair value of one or more assets or liabilities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets or liabilities could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining a Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
Each Fund’s annual audited financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), follow the requirements for valuation set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), which defines and establishes a framework for measuring fair value under US GAAP and expands financial statement disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements. Generally, ASC 820 and other accounting rules applicable to funds and various assets in which they invest are evolving. Such changes may adversely affect a Fund. For example, the evolution of rules governing the determination of the fair market value of assets or liabilities to the extent such rules become more stringent would tend to increase the cost and/or reduce the availability of third-party determinations of fair market value. This may in turn increase the costs associated with selling assets or affect their liquidity due to a Fund’s inability to obtain a third-party determination of fair market value.
Brokerage Transactions
BFA assumes general supervision over placing orders on behalf of each Fund for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities. In selecting brokers or dealers for any transaction in portfolio securities, BFA’s policy is to make such selection based on factors deemed relevant, including but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the reasonableness of the commission or mark-up or mark-down, if any, execution capability, settlement capability, back office efficiency and the financial condition of the broker or dealer, both for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. The overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid is evaluated by BFA based upon its knowledge of available information as to the general level of commissions paid by other institutional investors for comparable services. Brokers may also be selected because of their expertise in certain markets or with certain securities, or their ability to handle special or difficult executions, such as may be involved in large block trades, less liquid securities, broad distributions, or other circumstances. BFA does not consider the provision or value of research, products or services a broker or dealer may provide, if any, as a factor in the selection of a broker or dealer or the determination of the reasonableness of commissions paid in connection with portfolio transactions. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that prohibit the consideration of sales of a Fund’s shares as a factor in the selection of a broker or a dealer to execute its portfolio transactions.
The table below sets forth the brokerage commissions paid by each Fund for the fiscal years noted. Any differences in brokerage commissions paid by a Fund from year to year are due to increases or decreases in that Fund’s assets over those periods:
Fund   Fund Inception
Date
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 2013
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 2012
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 2011
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   05/15/00   $222,010   $ 227,705   $247,464
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF   05/22/00   186,495   240,468   174,471
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF   05/22/00   132,505   179,356   314,551
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   01/20/04   2,210   1,856   2,600
iShares Europe ETF   07/25/00   45,308   71,880   67,321
iShares Global 100 ETF   12/05/00   27,927   39,015   48,989
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Fund   Fund Inception
Date
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 2013
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 2012
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year Ended
March 31, 2011
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF   06/24/08   23,447   53,886   49,229
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF   09/12/06   7,338   8,928   5,290
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   09/12/06   15,885   14,839   13,204
iShares Global Energy ETF   11/12/01   33,976   26,189   40,398
iShares Global Financials ETF   11/12/01   7,575   11,910   22,607
iShares Global Healthcare ETF   11/13/01   17,476   22,119   17,856
iShares Global Industrials ETF   09/12/06   9,239   8,921   9,673
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF   12/10/07   25,092   78,612   79,451
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF   06/24/08   4,001   5,159   8,712
iShares Global Telecom ETF   11/12/01   28,675   62,158   32,943
iShares Global Utilities ETF   09/12/06   14,011   14,077   19,295
iShares International Developed Property ETF   07/30/07   11,711   8,490   11,283
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF   11/15/11   79,325   15,206   N/A
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF   10/23/01   2,839   3,328   6,546
iShares Micro-Cap ETF   08/12/05   43,007   134,549   163,608
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF   02/05/01   98,999   133,453   98,322
iShares Russell 1000 ETF   05/15/00   53,430   55,606   46,100
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   05/22/00   133,348   165,179   172,256
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   05/22/00   160,908   231,596   222,391
iShares Russell 2000 ETF   05/22/00   458,182   494,806   696,900
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   07/24/00   142,090   161,842   177,503
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   07/24/00   201,218   213,792   258,977
iShares Russell 3000 ETF   05/22/00   29,080   27,062   37,602
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF   07/24/00   4,494   3,988   6,862
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF   07/24/00   5,178   6,334   8,602
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF   07/17/01   62,293   60,744   87,567
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   07/17/01   53,820   47,152   57,373
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   07/17/01   61,203   62,039   93,805
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF   09/22/09   2,892   879   282
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF   09/22/09   2,358   3,279   1,494
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF   09/22/09   1,242   3,424   2,421
iShares S&P 100 ETF   10/23/00   35,301   25,616   31,613
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF   05/22/00   101,781   84,596   83,962
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF   05/22/00   120,427   89,957   97,870
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF   07/24/00   123,285   66,737   87,728
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF   07/24/00   84,929   80,647   88,528
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF   07/24/00   75,635   74,572   109,264
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF   07/24/00   104,462   81,125   120,628
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   03/26/07   1,278,944   824,598   1,527,360
The Funds did not pay brokerage commissions to BlackRock, an affiliate of BFA, and a subsidiary of BTC, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
The following table sets forth the names of the Funds’ “regular” broker-dealers, as defined under Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act, which derive more than 15% of their gross revenues from securities-related activities and in which the Funds invest, together with the market value of each investment as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013:
Fund   Issuer   Market Value
of Investment
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   JPMorgan Chase & Co.   $531,573,499
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Fund   Issuer   Market Value
of Investment
    Wells Fargo & Co.   530,604,905
    Citigroup, Inc.   393,407,562
    Bank of America Corp.   385,662,307
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   188,425,281
    Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (The)   95,296,769
    Morgan Stanley   88,303,639
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   JPMorgan Chase & Co.   $ 6,863,475
    Wells Fargo & Co.   6,850,770
    Citigroup, Inc.   5,079,283
    Bank of America Corp.   4,979,610
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   2,430,624
    Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (The)   1,234,863
    Morgan Stanley   1,136,564
iShares Europe 350 ETF   UBS AG   $ 9,762,306
    Barclays PLC   8,514,389
    Deutsche Bank AG   6,397,353
    Credit Suisse Group AG   5,328,049
iShares Global 100 ETF   JPMorgan Chase & Co.   $ 26,656,953
    Citigroup, Inc.   19,737,057
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   9,524,725
    UBS AG   8,100,798
    Barclays PLC   7,052,472
    Deutsche Bank AG   5,395,804
    Credit Suisse Group AG   4,494,769
    Morgan Stanley   4,436,443
iShares Global Financials ETF   JPMorgan Chase & Co.   $ 8,775,829
    Wells Fargo & Co.   8,719,653
    Citigroup, Inc.   6,535,575
    Bank of America Corp.   6,400,225
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   3,191,095
    UBS AG   2,702,571
    Barclays PLC   2,425,697
    Deutsche Bank AG   1,765,717
    Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (The)   1,610,265
    Credit Suisse Group AG   1,472,845
    Morgan Stanley   1,467,605
    Nomura Holdings, Inc.   1,147,618
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF   Nomura Holdings, Inc.   $ 757,918
iShares Russell 1000 ETF   Wells Fargo & Co.   $ 81,127,504
    JPMorgan Chase & Co.   80,874,260
    Bank of America Corp.   58,758,902
    Citigroup, Inc.   58,068,893
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   30,650,021
    Morgan Stanley   15,147,649
    Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (The)   14,971,991
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Wells Fargo & Co.   $ 369,485,379
    JPMorgan Chase & Co.   368,331,934
    Bank of America Corp.   267,619,666
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Fund   Issuer   Market Value
of Investment
    Citigroup, Inc.   264,477,338
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   139,598,556
    Morgan Stanley   69,074,436
    Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (The)   68,096,227
iShares Russell 3000 ETF   Wells Fargo & Co.   $ 43,152,534
    JPMorgan Chase & Co.   43,017,127
    Bank of America Corp.   31,270,189
    Citigroup, Inc.   30,903,277
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   16,307,310
    Morgan Stanley   8,074,397
    Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (The)   7,965,758
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF   Wells Fargo & Co.   $ 8,117,677
    JPMorgan Chase & Co.   8,092,357
    Bank of America Corp.   5,879,420
    Citigroup, Inc.   5,810,393
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   3,068,225
    Morgan Stanley   1,519,192
    Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (The)   1,497,717
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF   Wells Fargo & Co.   $ 865,714
    JPMorgan Chase & Co.   863,013
    Bank of America Corp.   627,002
    Citigroup, Inc.   619,625
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   327,262
    Morgan Stanley   161,773
    Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (The)   159,515
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF   Wells Fargo & Co.   $ 3,026,411
    JPMorgan Chase & Co.   3,016,937
    Bank of America Corp.   2,191,937
    Citigroup, Inc.   2,166,212
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   1,143,944
    Morgan Stanley   565,501
    Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (The)   557,505
iShares S&P 100 ETF   JPMorgan Chase & Co.   $ 83,510,284
    Wells Fargo & Co.   83,358,777
    Citigroup, Inc.   61,803,590
    Bank of America Corp.   60,588,192
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   29,601,871
    Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (The)   14,972,215
    Morgan Stanley   13,873,402
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF   Bank of America Corp.   $ 126,870,303
    Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (The)   15,959,506
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF   JPMorgan Chase & Co.   $ 148,576,425
    Wells Fargo & Co.   148,306,818
    Citigroup, Inc.   109,955,556
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   52,661,601
    Morgan Stanley   24,677,342
    Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (The)   13,034,299
iShares S&P U.S. Preferred Stock Index Fund   Bank of America Corp.   $ 492,019,887
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Fund   Issuer   Market Value
of Investment
    Barclays PLC   417,654,680
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   330,159,418
    Wells Fargo & Co.   283,253,369
    JPMorgan Chase & Co.   150,218,788
    Morgan Stanley   45,299,397
    Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (The)   41,292,349
    Citigroup, Inc.   7,478,889
The Funds' purchase and sale orders for securities may be combined with those of other investment companies, clients or accounts that BFA or its affiliates manage or advise and for which they have brokerage placement authority. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Funds and one or more other accounts managed or advised by BFA or its affiliates are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the Funds and the other accounts in a manner deemed equitable to all by BFA and its affiliates. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as the Funds are concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower transaction costs will be beneficial to the Funds. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest. BFA and its affiliates may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions. The Funds will not deal with affiliates in principal transactions unless permitted by applicable SEC rules or regulations, or by SEC exemptive order.
Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates may result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses.
The table below sets forth the portfolio turnover rates of each Fund for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fiscal Year ended
March 31, 2013
  Fiscal Year ended
March 31, 2012
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   4%   5%
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF   9%   14%
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF   12%   18%
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   5%   5%
iShares Europe ETF   6%   7%
iShares Global 100 ETF   5%   4%
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF   44%   58%
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF   8%   9%
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   6%   4%
iShares Global Energy ETF   6%   3%
iShares Global Financials ETF   5%   6%
iShares Global Healthcare ETF   6%   6%
iShares Global Industrials ETF   8%   6%
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF   10%   16%
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF   45%   50%
iShares Global Telecom ETF   7%   13%
iShares Global Utilities ETF   8%   6%
iShares International Developed Property ETF   9%   8%
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF   91%   34%
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF   6%   4%
iShares Micro-Cap ETF   29%   31%
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF   14%   19%
iShares Russell 1000 ETF   5%   6%
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Fund   Fiscal Year ended
March 31, 2013
  Fiscal Year ended
March 31, 2012
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   17%   19%
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   16%   21%
iShares Russell 2000 ETF   19%   21%
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   32%   37%
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   29%   32%
iShares Russell 3000 ETF   5%   6%
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF   18%   20%
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF   16%   21%
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF   13%   13%
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   25%   29%
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   23%   27%
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF   6%   7%
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF   16%   18%
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF   17%   24%
iShares S&P 100 ETF   5%   7%
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF   28%   23%
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF   35%   22%
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF   46%   35%
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF   38%   33%
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF   47%   43%
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF   44%   30%
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   32%   16%
Additional Information Concerning the Trust
Shares. The Trust currently consists of more than 235 separate investment series or portfolios called funds. The Trust issues shares of beneficial interests in the funds with no par value. The Board may designate additional iShares funds.
Each share issued by a fund has a pro rata interest in the assets of that fund. Shares have no preemptive, exchange, subscription or conversion rights and are freely transferable. Each share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by the Board with respect to the relevant fund, and in the net distributable assets of such fund on liquidation.
Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which the shareholder is entitled to vote. In any matter submitted to shareholders for a vote, each fund shall hold a separate vote, provided that shareholders of all affected funds will vote together when: (1) required by the 1940 Act, or (2) the Trustees determine that the matter affects the interests of more than one fund.
Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. The policy of the Trust is not to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. All shares (regardless of the fund) have noncumulative voting rights in the election of members of the Board. Under Delaware law, Trustees of the Trust may be removed by vote of the shareholders.
Following the creation of the initial Creation Unit(s) of shares of a fund and immediately prior to the commencement of trading in such fund’s shares, a holder of shares may be a “control person” of the fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. A fund cannot predict the length of time for which one or more shareholders may remain a control person of the fund.
In accordance with the Trust's Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 17, 2009 (the “Declaration of Trust”), the Board may, without shareholder approval (unless such shareholder approval is required by applicable law, including the 1940 Act), cause one or more funds commencing operations after September 24, 2008 (each, a “New Fund”) to merge, reorganize, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of their assets, or take other similar actions with, to or into another New Fund.
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Shareholders may make inquiries by writing to iShares Trust, c/o BlackRock Investments, LLC, 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310.
Absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, beneficial owners of more than 5% of the shares of a fund may be subject to the reporting provisions of Section 13 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. In addition, absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, officers and trustees of a fund and beneficial owners of 10% of the shares of a fund (“Insiders”) may be subject to the insider reporting, short-swing profit and short sale provisions of Section 16 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. Beneficial owners and Insiders should consult with their own legal counsel concerning their obligations under Sections 13 and 16 of the 1934 Act.
Termination of the Trust or a Fund.  The Trust or a Fund may be terminated by a majority vote of the Board, subject to the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders of the Trust or such Fund entitled to vote on termination; however, in certain circumstances described in the Declaration of Trust, only a majority vote of the Board is required. Although the shares are not automatically redeemable upon the occurrence of any specific event, the Declaration of Trust provides that the Board will have the unrestricted power to alter the number of shares in a Creation Unit. In the event of a termination of the Trust or a Fund, the Board, in its sole discretion, could determine to permit the shares to be redeemable in aggregations smaller than Creation Units or to be individually redeemable. In such circumstance, the Trust may make redemptions in-kind, for cash or for a combination of cash or securities.
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds.  Shares of each Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.
DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (“DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities’ certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE, the NYSE Amex Equities and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”).
Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the shares of each Fund held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares of the Trust. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in shares of each Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any
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records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants. DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to shares of the Trust at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units
General.  The Trust issues and sells shares of each Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor or its agent, without a sales load, at a price based on the NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined below), of an order received by the Distributor or its agent in proper form. The following table sets forth the number of shares of a Fund that constitute a Creation Unit for such Fund and the value of such Creation Unit as of May 31, 2013:
Fund   Shares Per
Creation Unit
  Value Per
Creation
Unit (U.S.$)
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   50,000   8,214,000
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF   50,000   5,921,000
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF   50,000   4,536,500
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   50,000   3,730,000
iShares Europe ETF   100,000   4,167,000
iShares Global 100 ETF   50,000   3,537,000
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF   100,000   900,000
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF   50,000   3,582,000
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   50,000   4,095,500
iShares Global Energy ETF   150,000   6,046,500
iShares Global Financials ETF   50,000   2,551,500
iShares Global Healthcare ETF   50,000   3,819,000
iShares Global Industrials ETF   50,000   3,057,000
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF   100,000   3,679,000
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF1   60,000   2,200,000
iShares Global Telecom ETF   50,000   3,022,500
iShares Global Utilities ETF   50,000   2,180,500
iShares International Developed Property ETF   100,000   3,684,000
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF   50,000   1,300,000
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF   300,000   14,289,000
iShares Micro-Cap ETF   50,000   3,064,000
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF   50,000   8,969,000
iShares Russell 1000 ETF   50,000   4,542,000
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   50,000   3,713,500
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   50,000   4,227,500
iShares Russell 2000 ETF   50,000   4,894,000
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   50,000   5,626,500
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   50,000   4,318,500
iShares Russell 3000 ETF   50,000   4,859,000
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF   50,000   3,038,500
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF   50,000   5,529,500
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF   50,000   6,585,500
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   50,000   3,638,000
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   50,000   2,938,000
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF   50,000   1,855,500
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF   50,000   1,952,500
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF   50,000   1,807,500
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Fund   Shares Per
Creation Unit
  Value Per
Creation
Unit (U.S.$)
iShares S&P 100 ETF   50,000   3,685,500
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF   50,000   4,298,500
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF   50,000   3,851,500
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF   50,000   6,631,500
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF   50,000   5,155,000
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF   50,000   4,874,500
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF   50,000   4,696,000
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   50,000   2,016,500

1 The value of a creation unit for the iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF is as of June 4, 2014.
The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of shares outstanding of any Fund, and to make a corresponding change in the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit, in the event that the per share price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Board.
A “Business Day” with respect to each Fund is any day on which the Listing Exchange on which the Fund is listed for trading is open for business. As of the date of this SAI, each Listing Exchange observes the following holidays, as observed: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of Creation Units of a Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) (“Deposit Securities”) and the Cash Component computed as described below. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which, when combined with the Fund's portfolio securities, is designed to generate performance that has a collective investment profile similar to that of the Underlying Index. The Fund Deposit represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of each applicable Fund.
The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the “Deposit Amount,” which is an amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities, and serves to compensate for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount. Payment of any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities are the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing the Creation Unit.
BFA makes available through the NSCC on each Business Day prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange, the list of names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security and the amount of the Cash Component to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information as of the end of the previous Business Day for each Fund). Such Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, to purchases of Creation Units of shares of a given Fund until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit is made available.
The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities change pursuant to changes in the composition of a Fund's portfolio and as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by BFA with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities constituting the relevant Underlying Index.
The Funds reserve the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through DTC. The Funds also reserve the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which (i) the delivery of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under applicable securities or other local laws or (ii) the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under applicable securities or other local laws, or in certain other situations.
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Cash Purchase Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a partial or full cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser.
Role of the Authorized Participant. Creation Units may be purchased only by or through a DTC Participant that has entered into an Authorized Participant Agreement with the Distributor (an “Authorized Participant”). Such Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of such Authorized Participant Agreement and on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that such Authorized Participant will make available in advance of each purchase of shares an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component, once the net asset value of a Creation Unit is next determined after receipt of the purchase order in proper form, together with the transaction fees described below. An Authorized Participant, acting on behalf of an investor, may require the investor to enter into an agreement with such Authorized Participant with respect to certain matters, including payment of the Cash Component. Investors who are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not be a DTC Participant or may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement and that orders to purchase Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant. As a result, purchase orders placed through an Authorized Participant may result in additional charges to such investor. The Trust does not expect to enter into an Authorized Participant Agreement with more than a small number of DTC Participants. A list of current Authorized Participants may be obtained from the Distributor.
Purchase Orders.  To initiate an order for a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit to the Distributor or its agent an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day to receive that day’s NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Funds may require orders for Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. The Distributor or its agent will notify BFA and the custodian of such order. The custodian will then provide such information to any appropriate sub-custodian. Procedures and requirements governing the delivery of the Fund Deposit are set forth in the procedures handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a creation request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request. Those placing orders to purchase Creation Units through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Distributor or its agent by the Cutoff Time (as defined below) on such Business Day.
The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the contractual settlement date, by means satisfactory to the Funds, immediately available or same day funds estimated by the Funds to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component next determined after acceptance of the purchase order, together with the applicable purchase transaction fees. Any excess funds will be returned following settlement of the issue of the Creation Unit. Those placing orders should ascertain the applicable deadline for cash transfers by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effectuating the transfer of the Cash Component. This deadline is likely to be significantly earlier than the Cutoff Time of the Funds. Investors should be aware that an Authorized Participant may require orders for purchases of shares placed with it to be in the particular form required by the individual Authorized Participant.
The Authorized Participant is responsible for any and all expenses and costs incurred by a Fund, including any applicable cash amounts, in connection with any purchase order.
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Creation Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor or its agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement, as described below. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or its agent or an Authorized Participant. Orders to create shares of a Fund that are submitted on the Business Day immediately preceding a holiday or a day (other than a weekend) when the equity markets in the relevant non-U.S. market are closed may not be accepted. Each Fund's deadline specified above for the submission of purchase orders is referred to as that Fund's “Cutoff Time.” The Distributor or its agent, in their discretion, may permit the submission of such orders and requests by or through an Authorized Participant at any time (including on days on which the Listing Exchange is not open for business) via communication through the facilities of the Distributor's or its agent's proprietary website maintained for this purpose.
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Purchase orders and redemption requests, if accepted by the Trust, will be processed based on the NAV next determined after such acceptance in accordance with each Fund's Cutoff Times as provided in the Authorized Participant Agreement and disclosed in this SAI.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units.  Subject to the conditions that (i) an irrevocable purchase order has been submitted by the Authorized Participant (either on its own or another investor's behalf) and (ii) arrangements satisfactory to the Funds are in place for payment of the Cash Component and any other cash amounts which may be due, the Funds will accept the order, subject to each Fund's right (and the right of the Distributor and BFA) to reject any order until acceptance, as set forth below.
Once a Fund has accepted an order, upon the next determination of the net asset value of the shares, the Fund will confirm the issuance of a Creation Unit, against receipt of payment, at such net asset value. The Distributor or its agent will then transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.
Each Fund reserves the absolute right to reject or revoke a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor or its agent if (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (iii) the Deposit Securities delivered do not conform to the identity and number of shares specified, as described above; (iv) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (vi) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the discretion of the Fund or BFA, have an adverse effect on the Fund or the rights of beneficial owners; or (vii) circumstances outside the control of the Fund, the Distributor or its agent and BFA make it impracticable to process purchase orders. The Distributor or its agent shall notify a prospective purchaser of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such purchaser of its rejection of such order. The Funds, State Street, the sub-custodian and the Distributor or its agent are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification.
Issuance of a Creation Unit.  Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the applicable Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the custodian that the securities included in the Fund Deposit (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Distributor or its agent and BFA shall be notified of such delivery and the applicable Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit. Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+3 basis” (i.e., three Business Days after trade date). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than T+3, as applicable, in order to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (i.e., the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security) and in certain other circumstances.
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor, each Fund will issue Creation Units to such Authorized Participant, notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Fund Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities in accordance with the Funds' then-effective procedures. The only collateral that is acceptable to the Funds is cash in U.S. dollars. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on the contractual settlement date. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. Information concerning the Funds' current procedures for collateralization of missing Deposit Securities is available from the Distributor or its agent. The Authorized Participant Agreement will permit the Funds to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Funds of purchasing such securities and the cash collateral.
In certain cases, Authorized Participants may create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date and in these instances, the Funds reserve the right to settle these transactions on a net basis or require a representation from the Authorized Participants that the creation and redemption transactions are for separate beneficial owners. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by each Fund and the Fund's determination shall be final and binding.
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Costs Associated with Creation Transactions.  A standard creation transaction fee is imposed to offset the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The standard creation transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant creates a Creation Unit, and is the same, regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by the Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Deposit Securities to the Funds. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard creation transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations*
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $ 1,250   3.0%
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF   1,000   3.0%
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF   1,500   3.0%
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   3,000   3.0%
iShares Europe ETF   10,000   3.0%
iShares Global 100 ETF   2,000   3.0%
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF   300   3.0%
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF   2,200   3.0%
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   1,800   3.0%
iShares Global Energy ETF   600   3.0%
iShares Global Financials ETF   4,000   3.0%
iShares Global Healthcare ETF   700   3.0%
iShares Global Industrials ETF   2,200   3.0%
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF   1,600   3.0%
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF   300   3.0%
iShares Global Telecom ETF   900   3.0%
iShares Global Utilities ETF   1,600   3.0%
iShares International Developed Property ETF   4,500   3.0%
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF   700   3.0%
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF   3,000   3.0%
iShares Micro-Cap ETF   3,000   3.0%
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF   300   3.0%
iShares Russell 1000 ETF   2,500   3.0%
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   1,450   3.0%
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   1,750   3.0%
iShares Russell 2000 ETF   3,000   3.0%
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   2,800   3.0%
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   3,000   3.0%
iShares Russell 3000 ETF   3,000   3.0%
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF   3,000   3.0%
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF   3,000   3.0%
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF   2,000   3.0%
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   1,150   3.0%
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   1,400   3.0%
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF   500   3.0%
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF   300   3.0%
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF   300   3.0%
iShares S&P 100 ETF   250   3.0%
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF   700   3.0%
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF   900   3.0%
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Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations*
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF   550   3.0%
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF   700   3.0%
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF   900   3.0%
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF   1,100   3.0%
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   750   3.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit.
Redemption of iShares Russell 2000 ETF During Certain Market Conditions.  By submitting a redemption request, an Authorized Participant is deemed to represent to the Trust, consistent with the Authorized Participant Agreement, that (1) it has the requisite number of shares to deliver to the Trust to satisfy the redemption request, (2) such shares have not been loaned or pledged to any other party and are free and clear of any liens and encumbrances, and (3) it will not lend, hypothecate or otherwise encumber the shares after the submission of the redemption request. These deemed representations are subject to verification under certain circumstances with respect to the iShares Russell 2000 ETF. Specifically, if an Authorized Participant submits a redemption request with respect to the iShares Russell 2000 ETF on a Business Day on which the Trust determines, based on information available to the Trust on such Business Day, that (i) the short interest of the Fund in the marketplace is greater than or equal to 150% and (ii) the orders in the aggregate from all Authorized Participants redeeming Fund shares on such Business Day represent 25% or more of the shares outstanding of the Fund, such Authorized Participant will be required to verify to the Trust (in a form specified by the Trust) the accuracy of its deemed representations. If, after receiving notice of the verification requirement, the Authorized Participant does not verify the accuracy of its deemed representations in accordance with this requirement, its redemption request will be considered not to have been timely received in proper form.
Redemption of Creation Units.  Shares of a Fund may be redeemed by Authorized Participants only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Distributor or its agent and only on a Business Day. The Funds will not redeem shares in amounts less than Creation Units. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the secondary market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a Creation Unit that could be redeemed by an Authorized Participant. Beneficial owners also may sell shares in the secondary market.
Each Fund generally redeems Creation Units for Fund Securities. Please see the Cash Redemption Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the in-kind method for further information on redeeming Creation Units of the Funds.
BFA makes available through the NSCC, prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange on each Business Day, the designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”), and an amount of cash (the “Cash Amount,” as described below). Such Fund Securities and the corresponding Cash Amount (each subject to possible amendment or correction) are applicable, in order to effect redemptions of Creation Units of a Fund until such time as the next announced composition of the Fund Securities and Cash Amount is made available. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units.
Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for a Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of Fund Securities, plus the Cash Amount, which is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the shares being redeemed, as next determined after the receipt of a redemption request in proper form, and the value of Fund Securities, less a redemption transaction fee (as described below).
The Trust may, in its sole discretion, substitute a “cash in lieu” amount to replace any Fund Security. The amount of cash paid out in such cases will be equivalent to the value of the substituted security listed as a Fund Security. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the difference is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Each Fund generally redeems Creation Units for Fund Securities, but each Fund reserves the right to utilize a cash option for redemption of Creation Units.
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Cash Redemption Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions thereof. In the case of partial or full cash redemption, the Authorized Participant receives the cash equivalent of the Fund Securities it would otherwise receive through an in-kind redemption, plus the same Cash Amount to be paid to an in-kind redeemer.
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions.  A standard redemption transaction fee is imposed to offset transfer and other transaction costs that may be incurred by the relevant Fund. The standard redemption transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant redeems a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by an Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from a Fund to their account on their order. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to dispose of Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard redemption transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Redemption
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Redemptions*
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $ 1,250   2.0%
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF   1,000   2.0%
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF   1,500   2.0%
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   3,000   2.0%
iShares Europe ETF   10,000   2.0%
iShares Global 100 ETF   2,000   2.0%
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF   300   2.0%
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF   2,200   2.0%
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   1,800   2.0%
iShares Global Energy ETF   600   2.0%
iShares Global Financials ETF   4,000   2.0%
iShares Global Healthcare ETF   700   2.0%
iShares Global Industrials ETF   2,200   2.0%
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF   1,600   2.0%
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF   300   2.0%
iShares Global Telecom ETF   900   2.0%
iShares Global Utilities ETF   1,600   2.0%
iShares International Developed Property ETF   4,500   2.0%
iShares International Preferred Stock ETF   700   2.0%
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF   3,000   2.0%
iShares Micro-Cap ETF   3,000   2.0%
iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF   300   2.0%
iShares Russell 1000 ETF   2,500   2.0%
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   1,450   2.0%
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   1,750   2.0%
iShares Russell 2000 ETF   3,000   2.0%
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   2,800   2.0%
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   3,000   2.0%
iShares Russell 3000 ETF   3,000   2.0%
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF   3,000   2.0%
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF   3,000   2.0%
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF   2,000   2.0%
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   1,150   2.0%
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   1,400   2.0%
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Fund   Standard Redemption
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Redemptions*
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF   500   2.0%
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF   300   2.0%
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF   300   2.0%
iShares S&P 100 ETF   250   2.0%
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF   700   2.0%
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF   900   2.0%
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF   550   2.0%
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF   700   2.0%
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF   900   2.0%
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF   1,100   2.0%
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   750   2.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit, inclusive of the standard redemption transaction fee.
Placement of Redemption Orders. Redemption requests for Creation Units of the Funds must be submitted to the Distributor or its agent by or through an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable request to redeem shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a redemption request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request.
The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption in the form required by the Funds to the Distributor or its agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement. At any time, only a limited number of broker-dealers will have an Authorized Participant Agreement in effect. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the shares to the Funds' transfer agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Funds' transfer agent the Creation Unit redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the Listing Exchange closing time on any Business Day, (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the applicable Fund is received by the Distributor or its agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified above and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement are properly followed. If the transfer agent does not receive the investor's shares through DTC's facilities by 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Business Day next following the day that the redemption request is received, the redemption request shall be rejected. Investors should be aware that the deadline for such transfers of shares through the DTC system may be significantly earlier than the close of business on the Listing Exchange. Those making redemption requests should ascertain the deadline applicable to transfers of shares through the DTC system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effecting the transfer of the shares.
Upon receiving a redemption request, the Distributor or its agent shall notify the applicable Fund and the Fund's transfer agent of such redemption request. The tender of an investor's shares for redemption and the distribution of the securities and/or cash included in the redemption payment made in respect of Creation Units redeemed will be made through DTC and the relevant Authorized Participant to the Beneficial Owner thereof as recorded on the book-entry system of DTC or the DTC Participant through which such investor holds, as the case may be, or by such other means specified by the Authorized Participant submitting the redemption request.
A redeeming Beneficial Owner or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Beneficial Owner must maintain appropriate security arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the portfolio securities are customarily traded, to which account such portfolio securities will be delivered.
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Deliveries of redemption proceeds by each Fund generally will be made within three Business Days (i.e., “T+3”). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle redemption transactions and deliver redemption proceeds on another basis to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (i.e., the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold) and in certain other circumstances. The Regular Holidays section hereto identifies the instances, if any, where more than seven days would be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Pursuant to an order of the SEC, the Trust will make delivery of redemption proceeds within the number of days stated in the Regular Holidays section to be the maximum number of days necessary to deliver redemption proceeds.
If neither the redeeming Beneficial Owner nor the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such redeeming Beneficial Owner has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of Fund Securities in the applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of Fund Securities in such jurisdiction, a Fund may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming Beneficial Owner will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In such case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the net asset value of its shares based on the NAV of the relevant Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charges specified above to offset the Fund's brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and each Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Fund cannot lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or cannot do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws.
Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit cash redemptions of Creation Units, in the event that cash redemptions are permitted or required by the Trust, proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming shares as soon as practicable after the date of redemption (within seven calendar days thereafter, except for the instances listed in the Regular Holidays section in which more than seven calendar days would be needed).
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor or its agent, in the event an Authorized Participant has submitted a redemption request in proper form but is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to the Fund, at or prior to 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Listing Exchange business day after the date of submission of such redemption request, the Distributor or its agent will accept the redemption request in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing shares as soon as possible. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash, in U.S. dollars in immediately available funds, having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing shares. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the day after the date of submission of such redemption request and shall be held by State Street and marked-to-market daily. The fees of State Street and any sub-custodians in respect of the delivery, maintenance and redelivery of the cash collateral shall be payable by the Authorized Participant. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. The authorized participant agreement permits the Funds to acquire shares of the Funds at any time and subjects the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the aggregate of the cost to the Funds of purchasing such shares, plus the value of the Cash Amount, and the value of the cash collateral.
Because the portfolio securities of a Fund may trade on exchange(s) on days that the Listing Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for such Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of such Fund, or purchase or sell shares of such Fund on the Listing Exchange on days when the NAV of such a Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to any Fund: (i) for any period during which the applicable Listing Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the applicable Listing Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund's portfolio securities or determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
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Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units.  An Authorized Participant generally will recognize either gain or loss upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units. This gain or loss is calculated by taking the market value of the Creation Units purchased over the Authorized Participant’s aggregate basis in the Deposit Securities exchanged therefor. However, the IRS may apply the wash sales rules to determine that any loss realized upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units is not currently deductible. Authorized Participants should consult their own tax advisors.
Current U.S. federal tax laws dictate that capital gain or loss realized from the redemption of Creation Units will generally create long-term capital gain or loss if the Authorized Participant holds the Creation Units for more than one year, or short-term capital gain or loss if the Creation Units were held for one year or less, if the Creation Units are held as capital assets.
Regular Holidays. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable non-U.S. market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a non-U.S. market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within the normal settlement period.
The securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming investors, coupled with non-U.S. market holiday schedules, will require a delivery process longer than seven calendar days, in certain circumstances. The holidays applicable to each Fund during such periods are listed below, as are instances where more than seven days will be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed below for each Fund. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local  securities delivery practices, could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.
In calendar years 2013 and 2014, the dates of regular holidays affecting the relevant securities markets in which a Fund invests are as follows (please note these holiday schedules are subject to potential changes in the relevant securities markets):
2013
Australia
January 1 April 1 June 10 November 5
January 28 April 25 August 5 December 25
March 4 May 6 August 14 December 26
March 11 May 20 September 30  
March 29 June 3 October 7  
    
Austria
January 1 May 9 November 1 December 31
March 29 May 20 December 24  
April 1 May 30 December 25  
May 1 August 15 December 26  
    
Belgium
January 1 May 9 November 1  
March 29 May 10 November 11  
April 1 May 20 December 25  
May 1 August 15 December 26  
Bermuda
January 1 August 1 December 25  
March 29 August 2 December 26  
May 24 September 2    
June 10 November 11    
    
Brazil
January 1 March 29 November 15 December 31
January 25 May 1 November 20  
February 11 May 30 December 24  
February 12 July 9 December 25  
    
Canada
January 1 May 20 September 2 December 26
January 2 June 24 October 14  
February 18 July 1 November 11  
March 29 August 5 December 25  
    
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Chile
January 1 May 27 November 1  
March 29 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
May 21 September 19    
    
China
January 1 February 14 May 7 October 3
January 21 February 15 May 27 October 4
February 7 February 18 July 4 October 7
February 8 May 1 September 2 October 14
February 11 May 2 September 30 November 11
February 12 May 3 October 1 November 28
February 13 May 6 October 2 December 25
    
Colombia
January 1 May 1 August 7 December 25
January 7 May 13 August 19 December 31
March 25 June 3 October 14  
March 28 June 10 November 4  
March 29 July 1 November 11  
    
The Czech Republic
January 1 July 5 December 26  
April 1 October 28 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
May 8 December 25    
    
Denmark
January 1 April 26 December 24  
March 28 May 9 December 25  
March 29 May 20 December 26  
April 1 June 5 December 31  
    
Egypt
January 1 May 5 August 8 October 16
January 7 May 6 August 11 November 4
January 24 July 1 October 6 November 5
April 25 July 23 October 14  
May 1 August 7 October 15  
The Egyptian market is closed every Friday.
Finland
January 1 May 9 December 25  
March 29 June 21 December 26  
April 1 December 6 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
    
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
March 29 May 9 December 25  
April 1 August 15 December 26  
May 1 November 1    
    
Germany
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 25
February 11 May 9 October 3 December 26
March 29 May 20 November 1 December 31
April 1 May 30 December 24  
    
Greece
January 1 April 1 June 24 December 26
March 18 May 1 August 15  
March 25 May 3 October 28  
March 29 May 6 December 25  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 4 September 20 December 26
February 11 May 1 October 1 December 31
February 12 May 17 October 14  
March 29 June 12 December 24  
April 1 July 1 December 25  
    
Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 28 December 27
March 18 May 6 December 24  
March 29 June 3 December 25  
April 1 August 5 December 26  
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Israel
February 24 April 14 September 4 September 19
March 25 April 15 September 5 September 25
March 26 May 14 September 6 September 26
March 31 May 15 September 13  
April 1 July 16 September 18  
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
Italy
January 1 May 1 December 25  
March 29 August 15 December 26  
April 1 November 1 December 31  
April 25 December 24    
    
Japan
January 1 February 11 May 6 October 14
January 2 March 20 July 15 November 4
January 3 April 29 September 16 December 23
January 14 May 3 September 23 December 31
    
Luxembourg
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 25
March 29 May 9 November 1 December 26
April 1 May 20 December 24  
    
Malaysia
January 1 May 1 June 1 October 15
January 24 May 24 August 7 November 4
February 1 May 25 August 8 November 5
February 11 May 30 August 9 December 25
February 12 May 31 August 31  
    
Mexico
January 1 March 21 September 16 December 25
February 4 March 28 November 18  
February 5 March 29 November 20  
March 18 May 1 December 12  
The Netherlands
January 1 April 30 May 20  
March 29 May 1 December 25  
April 1 May 9 December 26  
    
The Netherlands Antilles
January 1 April 30 October 21  
February 11 May 1 December 25  
March 29 May 9 December 26  
April 1 July 2    
    
New Zealand
January 1 February 6 June 3  
January 2 March 29 October 28  
January 21 April 1 December 25  
January 28 April 25 December 26  
    
Norway
January 1 May 1 December 24  
March 28 May 9 December 25  
March 29 May 17 December 26  
April 1 May 20 December 31  
    
Peru
January 1 July 29 December 24  
March 28 August 30 December 25  
March 29 October 8 December 31  
May 1 November 1    
    
Portugal
January 1 April 25 June 13 December 25
February 12 May 1 August 15 December 26
March 29 May 30 November 1  
April 1 June 10 December 24  
    
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Russia
January 1 January 8 May 9  
January 2 January 9 May 10  
January 3 February 25 June 12  
January 4 March 8 November 4  
January 7 May 1    
    
Singapore
January 1 May 24 November 2  
February 11 May 25 November 4  
February 12 August 8 December 25  
March 29 August 9    
May 1 October 15    
    
South Africa
January 1 May 1 December 16  
March 21 June 17 December 25  
March 29 August 9 December 26  
April 1 September 24    
    
South Korea
January 1 May 17 September 19  
February 11 June 6 September 20  
March 1 July 17 October 3  
April 5 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
    
Spain
January 1 March 29 May 15 December 25
January 7 April 1 August 15 December 26
March 19 May 1 November 1  
March 28 May 2 December 6  
    
Sweden
January 1 May 9 December 25  
March 29 June 6 December 26  
April 1 June 21 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
    
Switzerland
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 2 May 9 September 5 December 31
March 19 May 20 November 1  
March 29 May 30 December 24  
April 1 August 1 December 25  
    
Taiwan
January 1 February 12 April 4 October 10
February 7 February 13 May 1  
February 8 February 14 June 12  
February 11 February 28 September 19  
    
Turkey
January 1 August 9 October 16 October 29
April 23 August 30 October 17  
August 7 October 14 October 18  
August 8 October 15 October 28  
    
The United Arab Emirates
January 1 August 8 October 16  
January 24 August 10 November 4  
June 6 October 14 December 2  
August 6 October 15 December 3  
The United Arab Emirates market is closed every Friday.
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The United Kingdom
January 1 May 6 December 25  
March 29 May 27 December 26  
April 1 August 26    
2014
Australia
January 1 April 21 June 9 November 4
January 27 April 25 August 4 December 25
March 3 May 5 August 13 December 26
March 10 May 19 September 29  
April 18 June 2 October 6  
    
Austria
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 December 8 December 31
April 18 June 9 December 24  
April 21 June 19 December 25  
    
Belgium
January 1 May 29 August 15  
April 18 May 30 November 11  
April 21 June 9 December 25  
May 1 July 21 December 26  
    
Bermuda
January 1 July 31 December 25  
April 18 August 1 December 26  
May 26 September 1    
June 16 November 11    
    
Brazil
January 1 April 18 July 9 December 31
January 20 April 21 November 20  
March 3 May 1 December 24  
March 4 June 19 December 25  
    
Canada
January 1 May 19 September 1 December 26
January 2 June 24 October 13  
February 17 July 1 November 11  
April 18 August 4 December 25  
Chile
January 1 June 16 December 8  
April 18 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
May 21 September 19    
    
China
January 1 February 6 May 7 October 6
January 20 February 7 May 26 October 7
January 30 February 17 July 4 October 13
January 31 May 1 September 1 November 11
February 3 May 2 October 1 November 27
February 4 May 5 October 2 December 25
February 5 May 6 October 3  
    
Colombia
January 1 May 1 August 18 December 25
January 6 June 2 October 13 December 31
March 24 June 23 November 3  
April 17 June 30 November 17  
April 18 August 7 December 8  
    
The Czech Republic
January 1 October 28 December 26  
April 21 November 17 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
May 8 December 25    
    
Denmark
January 1 May 16 December 24  
April 17 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 5 December 26  
April 21 June 9 December 31  
    
Egypt
January 1 April 21 July 28 October 6
January 7 May 1 July 29  
January 13 July 1 July 30  
April 20 July 23 October 5  
The Egyptian market is closed every Friday.
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Finland
January 1 May 1 December 25  
January 6 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 20 December 31  
April 21 December 24    
    
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
April 18 May 29 December 25  
April 21 July 14 December 26  
May 1 August 15    
    
Germany
April 6 December 25    
April 9 December 26    
May 1      
    
Greece
January 1 April 18 August 15  
January 6 April 21 October 28  
March 3 May 1 December 25  
March 25 June 9 December 26  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 21 July 1 December 24
January30 May 1 September 9 December 25
January 31 May 6 October 1 December 26
April 18 June 2 October 2 December 31
    
Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 27 December 29
March 17 May 5 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 4 December 26  
    
Israel
March 16 May 4 September 24 October 9
April 14 May 5 September 25 October 15
April 15 June 3 September 26 October 16
April 20 June 4 October 3  
April 21 August 5 October 8  
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
Italy
January 1 April 25 December 8 December 31
January 6 May 1 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 15 December 26  
    
Japan
January 1 February 11 July 21 November 3
January 2 March 21 September 15 November 24
January 3 April 29 September 23 December 23
January 13 May 5 October 13 December 31
    
Luxembourg
January 1 May 1 June 23 December 25
April 18 May 29 August 15 December 26
April 21 June 9 December 24  
    
Malaysia
January 1 February 3 June 7 October 6
January 14 May 1 July 28 October 22
January 30 May 13 July 29 October 23
January 31 May 15 July 30 October 25
February 1 May 30 September 1 December 25
    
Mexico
January 1 March 21 September 16 December 25
February 3 April 17 November 17  
February 5 April 18 November 20  
March 17 May 1 December 12  
    
The Netherlands
January 1 April 30 June 9  
April 18 May 1 December 25  
April 21 May 29 December 26  
    
The Netherlands Antilles
January 1 April 21 May 29 December 25
March 3 April 30 July 2 December 26
April 18 May 1 October 21  
    
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New Zealand
January 1 February 6 June 2  
January 2 April 18 October 27  
January 20 April 21 December 25  
January 27 April 25 December 26  
    
Norway
January 1 May 1 December 25  
April 17 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 9 December 31  
April 21 December 24    
    
Peru
January 1 July 28 December 24  
April 17 July 29 December 25  
April 18 October 8 December 31  
May 1 December 8    
    
Portugal
January 1 April 25 June 19 December 24
March 4 May 1 August 15 December 25
April 18 June 10 December 1 December 26
April 21 June 13 December 8  
    
Russia
January 1 January 8 May 9  
January 2 February 24 June 12  
January 3 March 10 June 13  
January 6 May 1 November 3  
January 7 May 2 November 4  
    
Singapore
January 1 May 1 August 9 December 25
January 31 May 13 October 6  
February 1 May 15 October 22  
April 18 July 28 October 23  
    
South Africa
January 1 April 28 December 16  
March 21 May 1 December 25  
April 18 June 16 December 26  
April 21 September 24    
    
South Korea
January 1 March 1 August 15 October 3
January 30 May 5 September 7 December 24
January 31 May 6 September 8  
February 1 June 6 September 9  
    
Spain
January 1 April 21 July 25 December 25
January 6 May 1 August 15 December 26
April 17 May 2 September 9  
April 18 May 15 December 8  
    
Sweden
January 1 May 1 December 24  
January 6 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 6 December 26  
April 21 June 20 December 31  
    
Switzerland
January 1 April 21 August 1 December 25
January 2 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 September 11 December 31
March 19 June 9 December 8  
April 18 June 19 December 24  
    
Taiwan
January 1 January 31 May 1  
January 28 February 3 September 8  
January 29 February 4 October 10  
January 30 February 28    
    
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Turkey
January 1 July 28 October 3 October 28
April 23 July 29 October 6 October 29
May 19 July 30 October 7  
    
The United Arab Emirates
January 1 July 29 October 6  
January 13 August 6 October 25  
May 26 October 4 December 2  
July 28 October 5 December 3  
The United Arab Emirates market is closed every Friday.
The United Kingdom
January 1 May 5 December 25  
April 18 May 26 December 26  
April 21 August 25    
       
Redemptions.  The longest redemption cycle for a Fund is a function of the longest redemption cycle among the countries whose stocks comprise the Funds. In calendar years 2013 and 2014, the dates of regular holidays affecting the following securities markets present the worst-case redemption cycle* for a Fund as follows:
2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Austria   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
China   02/04/13   02/19/13   15
    02/05/13   02/20/13   15
    02/06/13   02/21/13   15
    04/26/13   05/08/13   12
    04/29/13   05/09/13   10
    04/30/13   05/10/13   10
    09/25/13   10/08/13   13
    09/26/13   10/09/13   13
    09/27/13   10/10/13   13
             
The Czech Republic   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Denmark   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Egypt   10/08/13   10/17/13   9
    10/09/13   10/18/13   9
    10/10/13   10/21/13   11
    10/29/13   11/06/13   8
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2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    10/30/13   11/07/13   8
    10/31/13   11/08/13   8
             
Finland   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Germany   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Ireland   12/19/13   12/30/13   11
    12/20/13   12/31/13   11
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Italy   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Luxembourg   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
             
Malaysia   08/02/13   08/12/13   10
    08/05/13   08/13/13   8
    08/06/13   08/14/13   8
             
Norway   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Portugal   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
             
South Africa   03/14/13   03/22/13   8
    03/15/13   03/25/13   10
    03/18/13   03/26/13   8
    03/19/13   03/27/13   8
    03/20/13   03/28/13   8
    03/22/13   04/02/13   11
    03/25/13   04/03/13   8
    03/26/13   04/04/13   8
    03/27/13   04/05/13   8
    03/28/13   04/08/13   11
    04/24/13   05/02/13   8
    04/25/13   05/03/13   8
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2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    04/26/13   05/06/13   10
    04/29/13   05/07/13   8
    04/30/13   05/08/13   8
    06/10/13   06/18/13   8
    06/11/13   06/19/13   8
    06/12/13   06/20/13   8
    06/13/13   06/21/13   8
    06/14/13   06/24/13   10
    08/02/13   08/12/13   10
    08/05/13   08/13/13   8
    08/06/13   08/14/13   8
    08/07/13   08/15/13   8
    08/08/13   08/16/13   8
    09/17/13   09/25/13   8
    09/18/13   09/26/13   8
    09/19/13   09/27/13   8
    09/20/13   09/30/13   10
    09/23/13   10/01/13   8
    12/11/13   12/19/13   8
    12/12/13   12/20/13   8
    12/13/13   12/23/13   10
    12/18/13   12/27/13   9
    12/19/13   12/30/13   11
    12/20/13   12/31/13   11
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/24/13   01/03/14   10
             
Spain   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
             
Sweden   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Switzerland   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Taiwan   02/05/13   02/15/13   10
    02/06/13   02/18/13   12
             
Tunisia   08/06/13   08/14/13   8
    08/07/13   08/15/13   8
             
Turkey   10/10/13   10/21/13   11
    10/11/13   10/22/13   11
             
The United Arab Emirates   10/09/13   10/17/13   8
    10/10/13   10/18/13   8
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2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    10/11/13   10/21/13   10
    
2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Austria   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
China   01/27/14   02/10/14   14
    01/28/14   02/11/14   14
    01/29/14   02/12/14   14
    04/28/14   05/08/14   10
    04/29/14   05/09/14   10
    04/30/14   05/12/14   12
    09/26/14   10/08/14   12
    09/29/14   10/09/14   10
    09/30/14   10/10/14   10
             
The Czech Republic   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Denmark   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    04/14/14   04/23/14   8
    04/15/14   04/24/14   8
    04/16/14   04/25/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Egypt   12/31/13   01/08/14   8
    01/06/14   01/14/14   8
    04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    04/17/14   04/27/14   10
    07/21/14   07/31/14   10
    07/22/14   08/03/14   12
    07/24/14   08/04/14   11
    09/29/14   10/07/14   8
    09/30/14   10/08/14   8
    10/01/14   10/09/14   8
    10/02/14   10/12/14   10
             
Finland   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Ireland   12/23/14   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Italy   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Japan   12/26/13   01/06/14   11
    12/27/13   01/07/14   11
    12/30/13   01/08/14   9
    12/26/14   01/05/15   10
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
    12/30/14   01/07/15   8
             
Luxembourg   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
             
Malaysia   01/27/14   02/04/14   8
    01/28/14   02/05/14   8
    01/29/14   02/06/14   8
    07/23/14   07/31/14   8
    07/24/14   08/01/14   8
    07/25/14   08/04/14   10
             
Norway   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Portugal   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
             
Russia   12/27/14   01/09/14   13
    12/30/14   01/10/14   11
    12/31/14   01/13/14   13
             
South Africa   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/24/13   01/03/14   10
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/30/13   01/07/14   8
    12/31/13   01/08/14   8
    03/14/14   03/24/14   10
    03/17/14   03/25/14   8
    03/18/14   03/26/14   8
    03/19/14   03/27/14   8
    03/20/14   03/28/14   8
    04/11/14   04/22/14   9
    04/14/14   04/23/14   9
    04/15/14   04/24/14   9
    04/16/14   04/25/14   9
    04/17/14   04/29/14   12
    04/22/14   04/30/14   8
    04/23/14   05/02/14   9
    04/24/14   05/05/14   11
    04/25/14   05/06/14   11
    04/29/14   05/07/14   8
    04/30/14   05/08/14   8
    06/09/14   06/17/14   8
    06/10/14   06/18/14   8
    06/11/14   06/19/14   8
    06/12/14   06/20/14   8
    06/13/14   06/23/14   10
    09/17/14   09/25/14   8
    09/18/14   09/26/14   8
    09/19/14   09/29/14   10
    09/22/14   09/30/14   8
    09/23/14   10/01/14   8
    12/09/14   12/17/14   8
    12/10/14   12/18/14   8
    12/11/14   12/19/14   8
    12/12/14   12/22/14   10
    12/15/14   12/23/14   8
    12/18/14   12/29/14   11
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
    12/14/14   01/05/15   12
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
    12/30/14   01/07/15   8
    12/31/14   01/08/15   8
             
Spain   04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
             
Sweden   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
             
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Switzerland   12/23/13   01/03/14   11
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/30/13   01/07/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/05/14   13
    12/29/14   01/06/14   8
    12/30/14   01/07/14   8
             
Taiwan   01/24/14   02/05/14   12
    01/27/14   02/06/14   10
             
The United Arab Emirates   07/22/14   07/30/14   8
    07/23/14   07/31/14   8
    07/24/14   08/01/14   8
    11/26/14   12/04/14   8
    11/27/14   12/08/14   11

* These worst-case redemption cycles are based on information regarding regular holidays, which may be out of date. Based on changes in holidays, longer (worse) redemption cycles are possible.
Taxes
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of a Fund. This summary does not address all of the potential U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to a Fund or to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special tax rules. Current and prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of investing in a Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications.  Each Fund intends to continue to qualify for treatment as a separate RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, each Fund must annually distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes dividends, interest and net short-term capital gains) and meet several other requirements. Among such other requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of each Fund’s annual gross income must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or non-U.S. currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income); and (ii) at the close of each quarter of each Fund's taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of each Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited for purposes of this calculation in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of each Fund's total assets may be invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, of two or more issuers of which 20% or more of the voting stock is held by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly-traded partnerships.
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A Fund may be able to cure a failure to derive 90% of its income from the sources specified above or a failure to diversify its holdings in the manner described above by paying a tax and/or by disposing of certain assets. If, in any taxable year, a Fund fails one of these tests and does not timely cure the failure, that Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by that Fund in computing its taxable income.
Although, in general, the passive loss rules of the Internal Revenue Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships. A Fund's investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly-traded partnerships, may result in the Fund being subject to state, local, or non-U.S. income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
Taxation of RICs.  As a RIC, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, a Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., income other than its net realized long-term capital gain over its net realized short-term capital loss), plus or minus certain adjustments, and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. A Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders. If a Fund fails to qualify for any taxable year as a RIC or fails to meet the distribution requirement, all of its taxable income will be subject to tax at regular corporate income tax rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. In such event, distributions to individuals should be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income and distributions to corporate shareholders generally should be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Although each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and its capital gains for each taxable year, each Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a RIC. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the Fund had been liquidated) if it qualifies as a RIC in a subsequent year.
Excise Tax. A Fund will be subject to a 4% excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the 12 months ended October 31 of such year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by a Fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. Each Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of this 4% excise tax.
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards.  Net capital loss carryforwards may be applied against any net realized capital gains in each succeeding year, until they have been reduced to zero or until their respective expiration dates, whichever occurs first. Capital loss carryforwards from taxable years beginning after 2010 are not subject to expiration, and short-term and long-term capital loss carryforwards from such taxable years may only be applied against net realized short-term and long-term capital gains, respectively.
In the event that a Fund were to experience an ownership change as defined under the Internal Revenue Code, the Fund’s loss carryforwards and other favorable tax attributes of a Fund, if any, may be subject to limitation.
The following Funds had net capital loss carryforwards as of March 31, 2013, the tax year-end for the Funds:
Fund   Non-Expiring 1   Expiring
2014
  Expiring
2015
  Expiring
2016
  Expiring
2017
  Expiring
2018
  Expiring
2019
  Total
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $126,974,234   $41,594,450       $365,510,732   $559,115,228   $79,675,890   $1,172,870,534
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF   7,857,348           73,714,203     81,571,551
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Fund   Non-Expiring 1   Expiring
2014
  Expiring
2015
  Expiring
2016
  Expiring
2017
  Expiring
2018
  Expiring
2019
  Total
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF             249,934,038     249,934,038
iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   1,449,836   38,110       4,614,974   4,869,583   2,298,724   13,271,227
iShares Europe ETF   42,038,822         47,090,987   70,049,884   32,616,997   191,796,690
iShares Global 100 ETF   24,902,899   949,071   2,131,997     36,258,744   24,526,269   6,005,251   94,774,231
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF   35,953,104         2,161,286   1,739,302   10,242,130   50,095,822
iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF   2,397,852     21,774   140,985   515,276   977,806   838,994   4,892,687
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   969,549         1,198,337   854,970   376,300   3,399,156
iShares Global Energy ETF   6,857,358   408,088   3,379,767   172,682   4,800,649   12,576,847   3,833,014   32,028,405
iShares Global Financials ETF   16,843,976   374,711     279,616   14,101,017   26,135,934   19,984,033   77,719,287
iShares Global Healthcare ETF   1,010,808   2,328,014     2,165,971   7,470,467   8,253,378   1,982,643   23,211,281
iShares Global Industrials ETF   7,580,040     175   241,597   3,878,332   3,768,747   2,652,700   18,121,591
iShares Global Infrastructure ETF   1,262,797         1,561,517   18,904,786   2,316,252   24,045,352
iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF   2,357,212         293,258   96,039   178,258   2,924,767
iShares Global Telecom ETF   12,130,618     259,855     2,355,085   6,058,821   3,049,039   23,853,418
iShares Global Utilities ETF   4,607,023     4,149   298,224   2,911,628   5,208,921   5,807,445   18,837,390
iShares International Developed Property ETF   10,993,888       37,441   1,561,084   8,281,169   5,300,031   26,173,613
iShares Japan Large-Cap ETF   5,650,954   134,303   335,080   1,371,929   1,586,598   3,393,670   3,537,890   16,010,424
iShares Micro-Cap ETF   1,547,739   83,822   758,530   4,726,853   14,316,649   50,574,894   17,016,462   89,024,949
iShares
Nasdaq
Biotechnology ETF
  83,105,043   24,158,638   18,800,299   5,156,780   45,321,421   79,449,573   20,348,485   276,340,239
iShares Russell 1000 ETF   73,996,748   3,566,065   707,111     56,902,659   198,974,722   9,763,988   343,911,293
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   650,548,067   76,953,145   38,155,726     659,755,548   1,537,593,620   398,954,951   3,361,961,057
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF             1,038,221,879   147,982,939   1,186,204,818
iShares Russell 2000 ETF   961,238,856   98,708,572   12,245,583   14,608,054   304,954,114   965,955,801   369,305,656   2,727,016,636
iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   260,725,538   39,417,433     10,051,978   291,496,992   592,964,832   276,373,290   1,471,030,063
iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   13,636,702         53,497,674   571,795,686   113,368,565   752,298,627
iShares Russell 3000 ETF   21,908,132   3,180,853       36,634,037   126,187,428   31,991,900   219,902,350
iShares Core U.S. Growth ETF   17,839,992   2,128,959   1,086,830     14,427,568   55,612,220   15,920,828   107,016,397
iShares Core U.S. Value ETF           12,080,373   50,060,389   12,829,303   74,970,065
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF   17,749,551       6,949,080   50,284,490   201,205,737   27,732,055   303,920,913
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Fund   Non-Expiring 1   Expiring
2014
  Expiring
2015
  Expiring
2016
  Expiring
2017
  Expiring
2018
  Expiring
2019
  Total
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   166,196,171         54,753,546   421,837,084   137,522,509   780,309,310
iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF           154,212,427   350,234,018   4,032,186   508,478,631
iShares Russell Top 200 ETF   681,816             6,757   688,573
iShares Russell Top 200 Growth ETF   14,054,356             3,894,801   17,949,157
iShares Russell Top 200 Value ETF   994,774             3,410,225   4,404,999
iShares S&P 100 ETF   56,823,225   360,546   2,374,610   2,327,988   120,169,143   119,632,717   3,268,822   304,957,051
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF   200,029,754   40,360,646       112,834,240   486,334,136   370,536,779   1,210,095,555
iShares S&P 500 Value ETF           85,627,531   302,437,779   55,268,179   443,333,489
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF   64,516,452         47,934,457   304,083,391     416,534,300
iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value ETF             167,546,239   13,207,083   180,753,322
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth ETF   7,737,893         14,334,818   225,094,086   10,658,983   257,825,780
iShares S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF           47,014,079   197,873,417     244,887,496
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   28,563,635           36,566,326     65,129,961

1 Must be utilized prior to losses subject to expiration.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends and other distributions by a Fund are generally treated under the Internal Revenue Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or distribution declared by a Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month shall be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year and to have been paid by the Fund not later than such December 31, provided such dividend is actually paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year.
Each Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if a Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.
Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that a Fund reports as capital gains dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. All other dividends of a Fund (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current and accumulated earnings and profits (“regular dividends”) are generally subject to tax as ordinary income, subject to the discussion of qualified dividend income below. Beginning in 2013, married couples filing jointly with income over $450,000 and unmarried individuals with income over $400,000 are subject to a 20% tax on any income in excess of those amounts that is long-term
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capital gain or qualified dividend income, and generally all other long-term capital gain is taxed at 15% (0% at certain income levels). In addition, the top marginal ordinary income tax rate is 39.6% for income in excess of the above thresholds.
If an individual receives a regular dividend qualifying for the long-term capital gains rates and such dividend constitutes an “extraordinary dividend,” and the individual subsequently recognizes a loss on the sale or exchange of stock in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term capital loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An “extraordinary dividend” on common stock for this purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 10% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period, or (ii) in an amount greater than 20% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.
Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds shares of the Fund as capital assets). Distributions in excess of the Fund’s minimum distribution requirements, but not in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits, will be taxable to shareholders and will not constitute nontaxable returns of capital. Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount. Dividends paid by a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by a Fund from domestic corporations may qualify for the federal dividends received deduction for corporations.
A 3.8% U.S. federal Medicare contribution tax is imposed on net investment income, including, but not limited to, interest, dividends, and net gain from investments, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married and filing jointly), and of estates and trusts.
Investors considering buying shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them. If a Fund is the holder of record of any security on the record date for any dividends payable with respect to such security, such dividends will be included in the Fund’s gross income not as of the date received but as of the later of (a) the date such security became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends (i.e., the date on which a buyer of the security would not be entitled to receive the declared, but unpaid, dividends); or (b) the date the Fund acquired such security. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, a Fund may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.
In certain situations, a Fund may, for a taxable year, defer all or a portion of its net capital loss realized after October and its late-year ordinary loss (defined as the excess of a Fund’s post-October foreign currency and “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) losses and other post-December ordinary losses over post-October foreign currency and PFIC gains and other post-December ordinary income) until the next taxable year in computing its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, which will defer the recognition of such realized losses. Such deferrals and other rules regarding gains and losses realized after October (or December) may affect the tax character of shareholder distributions.
Sales of Shares.  Upon the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund. A redemption of shares by a Fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the Funds, by, or by an option on, substantially identical shares within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder with respect to such share. The Medicare contribution tax described above will apply to the sale of Fund shares.
If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of a Fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then, on or before January 31 of the following calendar year, acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken
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into account in computing gain/loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis of the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents shareholders from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting their investments within a family of mutual funds.
Back-Up Withholding.  In certain cases, a Fund will be required to withhold at a 28% rate and remit to the U.S. Treasury such amounts withheld from any distributions paid to a shareholder who: (i) has failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number; (ii) is subject to back-up withholding by the IRS; (iii) has failed to certify to a Fund that such shareholder is not subject to back-up withholding; or (iv) has not certified that such shareholder is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). Back-up withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability.
Sections 351 and 362.  The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, has the right to reject an order for a purchase of shares of the Fund if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of a given Fund and if, pursuant to Sections 351 and 362 of the Internal Revenue Code, that Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. If a Fund’s basis in such securities on the date of deposit was less than market value on such date, the Fund, upon disposition of the securities, would recognize more taxable gain or less taxable loss than if its basis in the securities had been equal to market value. It is not anticipated that the Trust will exercise the right of rejection except in a case where the Trust determines that accepting the order could result in material adverse tax consequences to a Fund or its shareholders. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.
Taxation of Certain Derivatives. A Fund’s transactions in zero coupon securities, non-U.S. currencies, forward contracts, options and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on non-U.S. currencies), to the extent permitted, will be subject to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require a Fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year) and (b) may cause a Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. Each Fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any zero coupon security, non-U.S. currency, forward contract, option, futures contract or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC.
A Fund’s investments in so-called “Section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most non-U.S. currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most security indexes, are subject to special tax rules. All Section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the Fund from positions in Section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the Fund.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, a Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. A Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, a Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.
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Qualified Dividend Income.  Distributions by the Fund of investment company taxable income (including any short-term capital gains), whether received in cash or shares, will be taxable either as ordinary income or as qualified dividend income, which is eligible to be taxed at long-term capital gain rates to the extent the Fund receives qualified dividend income on the securities it holds and the Fund reports the distribution as qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable U.S. corporations (but generally not from U.S. REITs) and certain non-U.S. corporations (e.g., non-U.S. corporations that are not “passive foreign investment companies” and which are incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or the stock of which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States (where the dividends are paid with respect to such stock)). Under current IRS guidance, the United States has appropriate comprehensive income tax treaties with the following countries: Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China (but not with Hong Kong, which is treated as a separate jurisdiction for U.S. tax purposes), Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela. Substitute payments received by the Fund for securities lent out by the Fund will not be qualified dividend income.
A dividend from the Fund will not be treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that (i) the shareholder has not held the shares on which the dividend was paid for 61 days during the 121-day period that begins on the date that is 60 days before the date on which the shares become ex-dividend with respect to such dividend or the Fund fails to satisfy those holding period requirements with respect to the securities it holds that paid the dividends distributed to the shareholder (or, in the case of certain preferred stocks, the holding requirement of 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend); (ii) the Fund or the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property; or (iii) the shareholder elects to treat such dividend as investment income under Section 163(d)(4)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT or another RIC may be treated as qualified dividend income only to the extent the dividend distributions are attributable to qualified dividend income received by such REIT or other RIC. It is expected that dividends received by the Fund from a REIT and distributed to a shareholder generally will be taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income. Distributions by the Fund of its net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income.
If your Fund shares are loaned pursuant to securities lending arrangements, you may lose the ability to use any non-U.S. tax credits passed through by the Fund or to treat Fund dividends (paid while the shares are held by the borrower) as qualified dividends. If the Fund enters into a short sale with respect to shares of the Fund, substitute payments made to the lender of such shares may not be deductible. Consult your financial intermediary or tax advisor.
Corporate Dividends Received Deduction. Dividends paid by a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations may qualify for the U.S. federal dividends received deduction for corporations. A 46-day minimum holding period during the 90-day period that begins 45 days prior to ex-dividend date (or 91-day minimum holding period during the 180 period beginning 90 days prior to ex-dividend date for certain preference dividends) during which risk of loss may not be diminished is required for the applicable shares, at both the Fund and shareholder level, for a dividend to be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Restrictions may apply if indebtedness, including a short sale, is attributable to the investment.
Excess Inclusion Income.  Under current law, the Funds serve to block unrelated business taxable income from being realized by their respective tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize unrelated business taxable income by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. Certain types of income received by a Fund from REITs, real estate mortgage investment conduits, taxable mortgage pools or other investments may cause the Fund to report some or all of its distributions as “excess inclusion income.” To Fund shareholders, such excess inclusion income may (i) constitute taxable income, as unrelated business taxable income for those shareholders who would otherwise be tax-exempt such as individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, Keogh plans, pension plans and certain charitable entities; (ii) not be offset by otherwise allowable deductions for tax purposes; (iii) not be eligible for reduced U.S. withholding for non-U.S. shareholders even from tax treaty countries; and (iv) cause the Fund
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to be subject to tax if certain “disqualified organizations,” as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, are Fund shareholders. If a charitable remainder annuity trust or a charitable remainder unitrust (each as defined in Section 664 of the Internal Revenue Code) has unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) for a taxable year, a 100% excise tax on the UBTI is imposed on the trust.
Non-U.S. Investments.  Under Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time a Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a non-U.S. currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. In general, gains (and losses) realized on debt instruments will be treated as Section 988 gain (or loss) to the extent attributable to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which the instruments are denominated. Similarly, gains or losses on non-U.S. currency, non-U.S. currency forward contracts and certain non-U.S. currency options or futures contracts denominated in non-U.S. currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss unless the Fund were to elect otherwise.
The Fund may be subject to non-U.S. income taxes withheld at the source. The Fund, if permitted to do so, may elect to “pass through” to its investors the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid by the Fund provided that the Fund held the security on the dividend settlement date and for at least 15 additional days immediately before and/or thereafter, with the result that each investor with respect to shares of the Fund held for a minimum 16-day holding period at the time of deemed distribution will (i) include in gross income, even though not actually received, the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes, and (ii) either deduct (in calculating U.S. taxable income, but only for investors who itemize their deductions on their personal tax returns) or credit (in calculating U.S. federal income tax) the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes. A non-U.S. person invested in the Fund in a year that the Fund elects to “pass through” its non-U.S. taxes may be treated as receiving additional dividend income subject to U.S. withholding tax. A non-U.S. tax credit may not exceed the investor’s U.S. federal income tax otherwise payable with respect to the investor’s non-U.S. source income. For this purpose, shareholders must treat as non-U.S. source gross income (i) their proportionate shares of non-U.S. taxes paid by the Fund and (ii) the portion of any dividend paid by the Fund that represents income derived from non-U.S. sources; the Fund’s gain from the sale of securities will generally be treated as U.S.-source income. Certain limitations will be imposed to the extent to which the non-U.S. tax credit may be claimed.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies.  If a Fund purchases shares in PFICs, it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.
If a Fund were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Internal Revenue Code, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund might be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund, and such amounts would be subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. In order to make this election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain.
Alternatively, a Fund may make a mark-to-market election that would result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased its PFIC stock at the end of each year. In such case, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct any such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. The election must be made separately for each PFIC owned by the Fund and, once made, would be effective for all subsequent taxable years, unless revoked with the consent of the IRS. By making the election, the Fund could potentially ameliorate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax.
A Fund will make the appropriate tax elections, if possible, and take any additional steps that are necessary to mitigate the effects of these rules.
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Reporting.  If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Taxes.  Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and non-U.S. taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends paid by a Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term capital gains. Dividends paid by a Fund from net tax-exempt income or long-term capital gains are generally not subject to such withholding tax. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to back-up withholding at the appropriate rate.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, properly-reported dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of a Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, the Fund’s U.S. source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income) or (ii) are paid in respect of a Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable year). However, depending on its circumstances, a Fund may report all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if a Fund reports the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, distributions that a Fund reports as “short-term capital gain dividends” or “long-term capital gain dividends” will not be treated as such to a recipient foreign shareholder if the distribution is attributable to gain received from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property or an interest in a U.S. real property holding corporation and the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property exceeded certain levels. Instead, if the foreign shareholder has not owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of distribution, such distributions will be subject to 30% withholding by the Fund and will be treated as ordinary dividends to the foreign shareholder; if the foreign shareholder owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of a Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of the distribution, such distribution will be treated as real property gain subject to 35% withholding tax and could subject the foreign shareholder to U.S. filing requirements. Additionally, if a Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, a foreign shareholder realizing gains upon redemption from the Fund on or before December 31, 2013 could be subject to the 35% withholding tax and U.S. filing requirements unless more than 50% of the Fund’s shares were owned by U.S. persons at such time or unless the foreign person had not held more than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding shares throughout either such person’s holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years.
The rules laid out in the previous paragraph, other than the withholding rules, will apply notwithstanding the Fund’s participation in a wash sale transaction or its payment of a substitute dividend.
Provided that 50% or more of the value of a Fund’s stock is held by U.S. shareholders, distributions of U.S. real property interests (including securities in a U.S. real property holding corporation, unless such corporation is regularly traded on an
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established securities market and the Fund has held 5% or less of the outstanding shares of the corporation during the five-year period ending on the date of distribution) occurring on or before December 31, 2013, in redemption of a foreign shareholder’s shares of the Fund will cause the Fund to recognize gain. If a Fund is required to recognize gain, the amount of gain recognized will equal to the fair market value of such interests over the Fund’s adjusted bases to the extent of the greatest foreign ownership percentage of the Fund during the five-year period ending on the date of redemption.
A 30% withholding tax will be imposed on U.S.-source dividends, interest and other income items paid after June 30, 2014, and proceeds from the sale of property producing U.S.-source dividends and interest paid after December 31, 2016, to (i) foreign financial institutions, including non-U.S. investment funds, unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders; and (ii) certain other foreign entities, unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information, including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders; comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts; report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained; agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information; and determine certain other information as to their account holders, or (ii) in the event of an intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other foreign entities will need to provide the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership, unless certain exceptions apply, or agree to provide certain information to other revenue authorities for transmittal to the IRS.
Shares of a Fund held by a non-U.S. shareholder at death will be considered situated within the United States and subject to the U.S. estate tax.
The foregoing discussion is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations only and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of shares should consult their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of investing in such shares, including consequences under state, local and non-U.S. tax laws. Finally, the foregoing discussion is based on applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, judicial authority and administrative interpretations in effect on the date of this SAI. Changes in applicable authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed above, and such changes often occur.
Financial Statements
Each Fund's audited Financial Statements, including the Financial Highlights, appearing in the Annual Report to Shareholders and the report therein of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, are hereby incorporated by reference in this SAI. The applicable Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the referenced audited financial statements, is available upon request and without charge.
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Miscellaneous Information
Counsel. Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, located at 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019, is counsel to the Trust.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111, serves as the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, audits the Funds' financial statements, and may perform other services.
Shareholder Communications to the Board.  The Board has established a process for shareholders to communicate with the Board. Shareholders may contact the Board by mail. Correspondence should be addressed to iShares Board of Trustees, c/o BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. – Mutual Fund Administration, 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. Shareholder communications to the Board should include the following information: (i) the name and address of the shareholder; (ii) the number of shares owned by the shareholder; (iii) the Fund(s) of which the shareholder owns shares; and (iv) if these shares are owned indirectly through a broker, financial intermediary or other record owner, the name of the broker, financial intermediary or other record owner. All correspondence received as set forth above shall be reviewed by the Secretary of the Trust and reported to the Board.
Regulation Under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive.  The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”) imposes detailed and prescriptive obligations on fund managers established in the EU (“EU Operative Provisions”). These do not currently apply to managers established outside of the EU, such as BFA. Rather, non-EU managers are only required to comply with certain disclosure, reporting and transparency obligations of AIFMD (“AIFMD Disclosure Provisions”) if such managers market a fund to EU investors.
 Where the AIFMD Disclosure Provisions relate to EU Operative Provisions that do not apply to BFA, no meaningful disclosure can be made. These EU Operative Provisions include prescriptive rules on: measuring and capping leverage in line with known European standards; the treatment of investors; the use of 'depositaries'; and coverage for professional liability risks.
 AIFMD imposes certain conditions on the marketing of funds, such as the Funds, to EU investors. AIFMD requires that an ‘alternative investment fund manager’ (“AIFM”) be identified to meet such conditions where such marketing is sought. For these purposes BFA, as the legal entity responsible for performing the portfolio and risk management of the Funds, shall be the AIFM.
 AIFMD requires disclosure on an ongoing basis of certain information relating to the use of special arrangements, leverage, rights of reuse of collateral, guarantees granted under leverage arrangements and the use of gates, side pockets and similar liquidity management tools. Given that the Funds do not use any special arrangements or allow for collateral reuse, it is not intended that such disclosures will need to be made by the Funds. Each Fund will, however, to the extent relevant and appropriate, disclose in its annual report information on the Fund's leverage, risk profile and risk management systems employed by BFA. Each Fund will also disclose material changes, if any, to the liquidity management systems and procedures employed in respect of the Fund.
 BFA intends to market the following Funds to EU investors in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, and Luxembourg:
 iShares Core S&P 500 ETF
iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF
iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF
iShares Global Energy ETF
iShares NASDAQ Biotechnology ETF
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF
iShares Russell 2000 ETF
iShares Russell 3000 ETF
iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF
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Investors’ Rights.  Each Fund relies on the services of its investment adviser and other service providers, including the distributor, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. Further information about the duties and roles of these service providers is set out in this SAI. Investors who acquire shares of a Fund are not parties to the relevant agreement with these service providers and do not have express contractual rights against the Fund or its service providers, except certain institutional investors that are Authorized Participants may have certain express contractual rights with respect to the Distributor under the terms of the relevant authorized participant agreement. Investors may have certain legal rights under federal or state law against a Fund or its service providers. In the event that an investor considers that it may have a claim against a Fund, or against any service provider in connection with its investment in the Fund, such investor should consult its own legal advisor.
By contract, Authorized Participants irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or U.S. federal court sitting in New York City over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the authorized participant agreement. Jurisdiction over other claims, whether by investors or Authorized Participants, will turn on the facts of the particular case and the law of the jurisdiction in which the proceeding is brought.
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iShares® Trust
Statement of Additional Information
Dated August 1, 2013
(as revised June 17, 2014)
This combined Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the current prospectuses (each, a “Prospectus” and collectively, the “Prospectuses”) for the following funds of iShares Trust (the “Trust”):
Fund   Ticker   Stock Exchange
iShares Asia 50 ETF   AIA   NYSE Arca
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   EMIF   NASDAQ
iShares Global Materials ETF   MXI   NYSE Arca
iShares Global Tech ETF   IXN   NYSE Arca
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF   WOOD   NASDAQ
iShares India 50 ETF   INDY   NASDAQ
iShares Latin America 40 ETF   ILF   NYSE Arca
The Prospectuses for the above-listed funds (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) are dated August 1, 2013, as amended and supplemented from time to time. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the applicable Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. The Financial Statements and Notes contained in the Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report of the Trust for the Funds are incorporated by reference into and are deemed to be part of this SAI. A copy of each Prospectus, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report for each Fund may be obtained without charge by writing to the Trust's distributor, BlackRock Investments, LLC (the “Distributor” or “BRIL”), 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310, calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or visiting www.iShares.com. Each Fund's Prospectus is incorporated by reference into this SAI.
iShares® is a registered trademark of BlackRock Fund Advisors (“BFA”) or its affiliates.


Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
General Description of the Trust and the Funds 1
Exchange Listing and Trading 2
Investment Strategies and Risks 2
Borrowing 3
Currency Transactions 3
Diversification Status 3
Futures and Options 4
Illiquid Securities 5
Lending Portfolio Securities 5
Non-U.S. Securities 6
Options on Futures Contracts 6
Regulation Regarding Derivatives 7
Repurchase Agreements 7
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 8
Securities of Investment Companies 8
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments 8
Swap Agreements 8
Tracking Stocks 9
Future Developments 9
General Considerations and Risks 9
Borrowing Risk 9
Custody Risk 9
Cyber Security Issues 9
Dividend Risk 10
Risk of Derivatives 10
Risk of Equity Securities 10
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions 10
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities 11
Risk of Swap Agreements 11
Treaty/Tax Risk 11
Risk of Investing in Africa 13
Risk of Investing in Brazil 15
Risk of Investing in China 15
Risk of Investing in India 16
Risk of Investing in Mexico 17
Risk of Investing in South Korea 17
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Risk of Investing in Asia 17
Risk of Investing in Australasia 18
Risk of Investing in Central and South America 18
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets 18
Risk of Investing in Europe 19
Risk of Investing in North America 20
Risk of Investing in the Chemicals Industry 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Goods Industry 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector 20
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector 22
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector 23
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector 23
Risk of Investing in the Infrastructure Industry 23
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector 24
Risk of Investing in the Metals and Mining Industry 24
Risk of Investing in the Natural Resources Industry 24
Risk of Investing in the Oil and Gas Industry 25
Risk of Investing in the Pharmaceuticals Industry 25
Risk of Investing in the Real Estate Industry Group 25
Risk of Investing in the Technology Industry Group 26
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector 26
Risk of Investing in the Timber and Forestry Industry 26
Risk of Investing in the Transportation Industry Group 27
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector 27
Proxy Voting Policy 27
Portfolio Holdings Information 28
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes 29
CNX Nifty IndexTM 29
The S&P Indexes 30
S&P Asia 50TM 32
S&P Emerging Markets Infrastructure IndexTM 32
S&P Global 1200 Materials Sector IndexTM 32
S&P Global 1200 Information Technology Sector IndexTM 32
S&P Global Timber & Forestry IndexTM 32
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S&P Latin America 40TM 32
Investment Limitations 32
Continuous Offering 35
Management 35
Trustees and Officers 35
Committees of the Board of Trustees 42
Remuneration of Trustees 46
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities 48
Potential Conflicts of Interest 51
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services 56
Investment Adviser 56
Portfolio Managers 58
Codes of Ethics 62
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements 62
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent 63
Subsidiary Administrator 63
Distributor 63
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates 64
Determination of Net Asset Value 65
Brokerage Transactions 67
Additional Information Concerning the Trust 69
Shares 69
Termination of the Trust or a Fund 70
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds 70
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units 71
General 71
Fund Deposit 72
Cash Purchase Method 72
Role of the Authorized Participant 73
Purchase Orders 73
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders 73
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units 74
Issuance of a Creation Unit 74
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions 75
Redemption of Creation Units 75
Cash Redemption Method 76
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions 76
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Placement of Redemption Orders 77
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units 79
Regular Holidays 79
Redemptions 86
Taxes 92
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications 92
Taxation of RICs 93
Excise Tax 93
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards 93
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders 94
Sales of Shares 95
Back-Up Withholding 95
Sections 351 and 362 95
Taxation of Certain Derivatives 96
Qualified Dividend Income 96
Corporate Dividends Received Deduction 97
Issues Related to India and Mauritius Taxes 97
Excess Inclusion Income 100
Non-U.S. Investments 100
Passive Foreign Investment Companies 101
Reporting 101
Other Taxes 101
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders 101
Financial Statements 103
Miscellaneous Information 103
Counsel 103
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 103
Shareholder Communications to the Board 103
Regulation Under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive 103
Investors’ Rights 104
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General Description of the Trust and the Funds
The Trust currently consists of more than 235 investment series or portfolios. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on December 16, 1999 and is authorized to have multiple series or portfolios. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act” or the “1940 Act”). The offering of the Trust’s shares is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). This SAI relates to the following Funds:
iShares Asia 50 ETF1
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF2
iShares Global Materials ETF3
iShares Global Tech ETF4
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF5
iShares India 50 ETF6
iShares Latin America 40 ETF7

1 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Asia 50 Index Fund to the iShares Asia 50 ETF.
2 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Emerging Markets Infrastructure Index Fund to the iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF.
3 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Materials Sector Index Fund to the iShares Global Materials ETF.
4 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Technology Sector Index Fund to the iShares Global Tech ETF.
5 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Global Timber & Forestry Index Fund to the iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF.
6 On May 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P India Nifty 50 Index Fund to the iShares India 50 ETF.
7 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Latin America 40 Index Fund to the iShares Latin America 40 ETF.
Each Fund is managed by BFA, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc., and generally seeks to track the investment results of the specific benchmark index identified in the applicable Prospectus for that Fund (each, an “Underlying Index”).
Each Fund offers and issues shares at their net asset value per share (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of shares (“Creation Units”), generally in exchange for a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) included in its Underlying Index (the “Deposit Securities”), together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (the “Cash Component”) (other than the iShares India 50 ETF, which currently issues Creation Units of its shares solely for cash). Shares of the Funds are listed for trading on national securities exchanges such as The NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) or NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca”) (each, a “Listing Exchange”). Shares of each Fund are traded in the secondary market and elsewhere at market prices that may be at, above or below the Fund's NAV. Shares are redeemable only in Creation Units, and, generally, in exchange for portfolio securities and a Cash Component (other than the iShares India 50 ETF, which currently redeems Creation Units of its shares solely for cash). Creation Units typically are a specified number of shares, generally ranging from 50,000 to 250,000 shares or multiples thereof.
The Trust reserves the right to permit or require that creations and redemptions of shares are effected fully or partially in cash. Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities, subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain with the Trust a cash deposit equal to at least 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change from time to time, of the market value of the omitted Deposit Securities. See the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Transaction fees and other costs associated with creations or redemptions that include a cash portion may be higher than the transaction fees and other costs associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. In all cases, conditions and fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of SEC rules and regulations applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.
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Exchange Listing and Trading
A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in each Fund is contained in the Shareholder Information section of each Fund's Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, that section of the applicable Prospectus.
Shares of each Fund are listed for trading, and trade throughout the day, on the applicable Listing Exchange and other secondary markets. Shares of each Fund may also be listed on certain non-U.S. exchanges. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Listing Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of shares of any Fund will continue to be met. The Listing Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the shares of a Fund from listing if (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of Fund shares, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of shares of the Fund for 30 or more consecutive trading days, (ii) the value of the Underlying Index on which a Fund is based is no longer calculated or available, (iii) the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available, or (iv) any other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Listing Exchange, makes further dealings on the Listing Exchange inadvisable. The Listing Exchange will also remove shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.
As in the case of other publicly-traded securities, when you buy or sell shares through a broker, you will incur a brokerage commission determined by that broker.
In order to provide additional information regarding the indicative value of shares of the Funds, the Listing Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, or through other widely disseminated means, an updated IOPV for the Funds as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Trust is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IOPVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IOPVs.
An IOPV has an equity securities component and a cash component. The equity securities values included in an IOPV are the values of the Deposit Securities for a Fund. While the IOPV reflects the current value of the Deposit Securities required to be deposited in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, it does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Funds at a particular point in time because the current portfolio of the Fund may include securities that are not a part of the current Deposit Securities. Therefore, a Fund’s IOPV disseminated during the Listing Exchange trading hours should not be viewed as a real-time update of the Fund’s NAV, which is calculated only once a day.
The cash component included in an IOPV consists of estimated accrued interest, dividends and other income, less expenses. If applicable, each IOPV also reflects changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the applicable currency.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the share prices of the Funds in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Funds or an investor's equity interest in the Funds.
Investment Strategies and Risks
Each Fund (other than the iShares India 50 ETF) seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in securities issued by issuers that comprise its relevant Underlying Index and through transactions that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index.
The iShares India 50 ETF seeks to achieve its objective by investing all its assets that are invested in India in a wholly owned subsidiary located in the Republic of Mauritius (the “Subsidiary”). The remaining assets will be invested directly by the Fund. The Subsidiary and the Fund will collectively invest at least 80% of the Fund’s total assets in securities that comprise the Underlying Index and in depositary receipts representing securities of the Underlying Index. BFA will serve as investment adviser to both the Fund and the Subsidiary. Unless otherwise indicated, the iShares India 50 ETF, as used in this SAI, refers also to the Subsidiary.
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Each Fund operates as an index fund and will not be actively managed. Adverse performance of a security in a Fund’s portfolio will ordinarily not result in the elimination of the security from the Fund’s portfolio.
Each Fund engages in representative sampling, which is investing in a sample of securities selected by BFA to have a collective investment profile similar to that of the Fund's Underlying Index. Securities selected have aggregate investment characteristics (based on market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability, earnings valuation and yield) and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. A fund that uses representative sampling generally does not hold all of the securities that are in its underlying index.
Although the Funds do not seek leveraged returns, certain instruments used by the Funds may have a leveraging effect as described below.
Borrowing.  Each Fund may borrow as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemptions or to facilitate the settlement of securities or other transactions. Under normal market conditions, any borrowing by a Fund (except the iShares India 50 ETF) will not exceed 10% of the Fund's net assets; however, each Fund (except the iShares India 50 ETF) generally does not intend to borrow money.
The purchase of securities while borrowings are outstanding may have the effect of leveraging a Fund. The incurrence of leverage increases a Fund’s exposure to risk, and borrowed funds are subject to interest costs that will reduce net income. Purchasing securities while borrowings are outstanding creates special risks, such as the potential for greater volatility in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the yield on a Fund’s portfolio. In addition, the interest expenses from borrowings may exceed the income generated by a Fund’s portfolio and, therefore, the amount available (if any) for distribution to shareholders as dividends may be reduced. BFA may determine to maintain outstanding borrowings if it expects that the benefits to a Fund’s shareholders will outweigh the current reduced return.
Certain types of borrowings by a Fund may result in a Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverage, portfolio composition requirements and other matters. It is not anticipated that observance of such covenants would impede BFA from managing a Fund’s portfolio in accordance with a Fund’s investment objectives and policies. However, a breach of any such covenants not cured within the specified cure period may result in acceleration of outstanding indebtedness and require a Fund to dispose of portfolio investments at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Currency Transactions. The Funds do not expect to engage in currency transactions for the purpose of hedging against declines in the value of the Funds' assets that are denominated in a non-U.S. currency. A Fund may enter into non-U.S. currency forward and non-U.S. currency futures contracts to facilitate local securities settlements or to protect against currency exposure in connection with its distributions to shareholders, but may not enter into such contracts for speculative purposes.
A forward currency contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract.
A currency futures contract is a contract involving an obligation to deliver or acquire the specified amount of a specific currency, at a specified price and at a specified future time. Currency futures contracts may be settled on a net cash payment basis rather than by the sale and delivery of the underlying currency. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
Foreign exchange transactions involve a significant degree of risk and the markets in which foreign exchange transactions are effected are highly volatile, highly specialized and highly technical. Significant changes, including changes in liquidity and prices, can occur in such markets within very short periods of time, often within minutes. Foreign exchange trading risks include, but are not limited to, exchange rate risk, counterparty risk, maturity gap, interest rate risk, and potential interference by foreign governments through regulation of local exchange markets, foreign investment or particular transactions in non-U.S. currency. If BFA utilizes foreign exchange transactions at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions, trends or correlations incorrectly, foreign exchange transactions may not serve their intended purpose of improving the correlation of a Fund's return with the performance of its Underlying Index and may lower the Fund’s return. Each Fund could experience losses if the value of its currency forwards, options and/or futures positions were poorly correlated with its other investments or if it could not close out its positions because of an illiquid market. In addition, a Fund could incur transaction costs, including trading commissions, in connection with certain non-U.S. currency transactions.
Diversification Status. The following table sets forth the diversification status of each Fund:
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Diversified Funds   Non-Diversified Funds
iShares Global Materials ETF   iShares Asia 50 ETF
    iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF
    iShares Global Tech ETF
    iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF
    iShares India 50 ETF
    iShares Latin America 40 ETF
With respect to 75% of its total assets, a “diversified” fund is limited by the 1940 Act such that it does not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one issuer and does not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer (excluding cash and cash items, government securities, and securities of other investment companies). The remaining 25% of the fund’s total assets may be invested in any manner.
 A “non-diversified” fund is a fund that is not limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. The securities of a particular issuer (or securities of issuers in particular industries) may dominate the underlying index of such a fund and, consequently, the fund’s investment portfolio. This may adversely affect the fund’s performance or subject the fund’s shares to greater price volatility than that experienced by more diversified investment companies.
Each Fund intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), and to relieve the Fund of any liability for U.S. federal income tax to the extent that its earnings are distributed to shareholders, provided that the Fund satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the Internal Revenue Code may limit the investment flexibility of the Funds and may make it less likely that the Funds will meet their respective investment objectives.
Futures and Options. Futures contracts and options may be used by a Fund to simulate investment in its Underlying Index, to facilitate trading or to reduce transaction costs. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts and options that are traded on a U.S. or non-U.S. exchange. Each Fund will not use futures or options for speculative purposes.
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific instrument or index at a specified future time and at a specified price. Stock index contracts are based on investments that reflect the market value of common stock of the firms included in the investments. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts to purchase securities indexes when BFA anticipates purchasing the underlying securities and believes prices will rise before the purchase will be made. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
A call option gives a holder the right to purchase a specific security at a specified price (“exercise price”) within a specified period of time. A put option gives a holder the right to sell a specific security at a specified exercise price within a specified period of time. The initial purchaser of a call option pays the “writer” a premium, which is paid at the time of purchase and is retained by the writer whether or not such option is exercised. Each Fund may purchase put options to hedge its portfolio against the risk of a decline in the market value of securities held and may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities it is committed to purchase. Each Fund may write put and call options along with a long position in options to increase its ability to hedge against a change in the market value of the securities it holds or is committed to purchase. Investments in futures contracts and other investments that contain leverage may require each Fund to maintain liquid assets. Generally, each Fund maintains an amount of liquid assets equal to its obligations relative to the position involved, adjusted daily on a marked-to-market basis. With respect to futures contracts that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” each Fund maintains liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market obligation (i.e., each Fund’s daily net liability, if any), rather than the contracts’ notional value (i.e., the value of the underlying asset). By maintaining assets equal to its net obligation under cash-settled futures contracts, each Fund may employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund set aside assets equal to the futures contracts’ full notional value. Each Fund bases its asset maintenance policies on methods permitted by the staff of the SEC and may modify these policies in the future to comply with any changes in the guidance articulated from time to time by the SEC or its staff.
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Illiquid Securities. Each Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment). Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets, as determined in accordance with SEC staff guidance.
Lending Portfolio Securities. Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain borrowers determined to be creditworthy by BFA, including borrowers affiliated with BFA. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned. No securities loan shall be made on behalf of a Fund if, as a result, the aggregate value of all securities loans of the particular Fund exceeds one-third of the value of such Fund's total assets (including the value of the collateral received). A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. Each Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower may be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Funds are compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, a Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of each lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, including those affiliated with BFA; such investments are subject to investment risk.
Each Fund conducts its securities lending pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC permitting it to lend portfolio securities to borrowers affiliated with the Fund and to retain an affiliate of the Fund as lending agent. To the extent that a Fund engages in securities lending, BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. (“BTC”) acts as securities lending agent for the Fund, subject to the overall supervision of BFA. BTC administers the lending program in accordance with guidelines approved by the Trust's Board of Trustees (the “Board” or the “Trustees”).
Each Fund retains a portion of the securities lending income and remits a remaining portion to BTC as compensation for its services as securities lending agent. Securities lending income is equal to the total of income earned from the reinvestment of cash collateral (and excludes collateral investment fees as defined below), and any fees or other payments to and from borrowers of securities. As securities lending agent, BTC bears all operational costs directly related to securities lending. Each Fund is responsible for fees in connection with the investment of cash collateral received for securities on loan in a money market fund managed by BFA; however, BTC has agreed to reduce the amount of securities lending income it receives in order to effectively limit the collateral investment fees the Fund bears to an annual rate of 0.04% until December 31, 2014 and 0.05% thereafter (the “collateral investment fees”). Such money market fund shares will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee.
Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement: (i) The iShares Global Tech ETF (the “Domestic Equity Fund”) retains 70% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement: (i) All Funds except for the iShares Global Tech ETF (the “International Equity Funds”) retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, commencing January 1, 2015 International Equity Funds will retain 70% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Under the securities lending program the Funds are categorized into specific asset classes. The determination of a Fund’s asset class category (fixed income, domestic equity, international equity or fund-of-funds), each of which may be subject to a different fee arrangement, is based on a methodology agreed to between the Trust and BTC.
In addition, commencing the business day following the date that the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (as defined under “ManagementTrustees and Officers”) in a calendar year exceeds the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex in calendar year 2013 (the “Hurdle Date”) (or lesser amount as may be agreed to by the Funds and BTC), each Fund, pursuant to the securities lending agreement, will receive for the remainder of that calendar year securities lending income as follows:
Domestic Equity Fund
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(i) 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
International Equity Funds
(i) 80% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, for the remainder of the calendar year following any Hurdle Date after January 1, 2015, International Equity Funds will retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees a Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, a Fund would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral or in recovering the loaned securities, or to a possible loss of rights in the collateral. In the event a borrower does not return a Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. This event could trigger adverse tax consequences for a Fund. A Fund could lose money if its short-term investment of the collateral declines in value over the period of the loan. Substitute payments for dividends received by a Fund for securities loaned out by the Fund will not be considered qualified dividend income. BTC will take into account the tax effects on shareholders of this difference in connection with a Fund’s securities lending program. Substitute payments received on tax-exempt securities loaned out will not be tax-exempt income.
Non-U.S. Securities. Each Fund intends to purchase publicly-traded common stocks of non-U.S. issuers. To the extent a Fund invests in stocks of non-U.S. issuers, the Fund's investment in such stocks may be in the form of American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) (collectively, “Depositary Receipts”). Depositary Receipts are receipts, typically issued by a bank or trust issuer, which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For other forms of Depositary Receipts, the depository may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may be issued by a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer. Depositary Receipts are not necessarily denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs, issued in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, issued in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world.
The Funds will not invest in any unlisted Depositary Receipt or any Depositary Receipt that BFA deems illiquid at the time of purchase or for which pricing information is not readily available. In general, Depositary Receipts must be sponsored, but a Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts under certain limited circumstances. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States. Therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may be no correlation between available information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts.
Investing in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. issuers. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in non-U.S. countries, and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to less governmental regulation than U.S. issuers. Moreover, individual non-U.S. economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product (“GDP”), rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions.
Options on Futures Contracts. An option on a futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account that represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential for loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option plus transaction costs. Because the value of the option is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the
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purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option changes daily and that change would be reflected in the NAV of each Fund. The potential for loss related to writing call options is unlimited. The potential for loss related to writing put options is limited to the agreed upon price per share, also known as the “strike price,” less the premium received from writing the put.
Each Fund may purchase and write put and call options on futures contracts that are traded on an exchange as a hedge against changes in value of its portfolio securities, or in anticipation of the purchase of securities, and may enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.
Upon entering into a futures contract, a Fund will be required to deposit with the broker an amount of cash or cash equivalents known as “initial margin,” which is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract and is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, known as “variation margin,” to and from the broker will be made daily as the price of the instrument or index underlying the futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking-to-market.” At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, each Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate the Fund’s existing position in the contract.
Regulation Regarding Derivatives.  Effective December 31, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) adopted certain regulatory changes that subject registered investment companies and advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a fund invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or if the fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent a Fund uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, BFA has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. BFA is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of such Fund.
Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an instrument under which the purchaser (i.e., a Fund) acquires the security and the seller agrees, at the time of the sale, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. If a repurchase agreement is construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities will not be considered to be owned by a Fund but only to constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price, and, in the event of a default by the seller, the Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or losses in connection with the disposition of the collateral.
In any repurchase transaction, the collateral for a repurchase agreement may include: (i) cash items; (ii) obligations issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities; or (iii) obligations that, at the time the repurchase agreement is entered into, are rated in the highest rating category generally by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”), or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by BFA. Collateral, however, is not limited to the foregoing and may include, for example, obligations rated below the highest category by NRSROs. Collateral for a repurchase agreement may also include securities that a Fund could not hold directly without the repurchase obligation. Irrespective of the type of collateral underlying the repurchase agreement, in the case of a repurchase agreement entered into by a non-money market fund, the repurchase obligation of a seller must be of comparable credit quality to securities that are rated in the highest two short-term credit rating categories by at least one NRSRO or, if unrated, deemed by BFA to be of equivalent quality.
Repurchase agreements pose certain risks for a Fund that utilizes them. Such risks are not unique to the Funds, but are inherent in repurchase agreements. The Funds seek to minimize such risks, but because of the inherent legal uncertainties involved in repurchase agreements, such risks cannot be eliminated. Lower quality collateral and collateral with longer maturities may be subject to greater price fluctuations than higher quality collateral and collateral with shorter maturities. If the repurchase agreement counterparty were to default, lower quality collateral may be more difficult to liquidate than higher quality collateral. Should the counterparty default and the amount of collateral not be sufficient to cover the counterparty’s repurchase obligation, a Fund would retain the status of an unsecured creditor of the counterparty (i.e., the position the Fund would normally be in if it were to hold, pursuant to its investment policies, other unsecured debt securities of the defaulting
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counterparty) with respect to the amount of the shortfall. As an unsecured creditor, a Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment and have the characteristics of borrowing. Generally, the effect of such transactions is that a Fund can recover all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the reverse repurchase agreement, while in many cases the Fund is able to keep some of the interest income associated with those securities. Such transactions are advantageous only if a Fund has an opportunity to earn a rate of interest on the cash derived from these transactions that is greater than the interest cost of obtaining the same amount of cash. Opportunities to realize earnings from the use of the proceeds equal to or greater than the interest required to be paid may not always be available and a Fund intends to use the reverse repurchase technique only when BFA believes it will be advantageous to the Fund. The use of reverse repurchase agreements may exaggerate any increase or decrease in the value of a Fund’s assets. A Fund’s exposure to reverse repurchase agreements will be covered by liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than such commitments. The use of reverse repurchase agreements is a form of leverage because the proceeds derived from reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities.
Securities of Investment Companies. Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies (including money market funds) to the extent allowed by law. Pursuant to the 1940 Act, a Fund’s investment in registered investment companies is limited to, subject to certain exceptions: (i) 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any one investment company; (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company; and (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to investment companies in the aggregate. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, each Fund may invest its assets in the securities of investment companies that are money market funds, including those advised by or otherwise affiliated with BFA, in excess of the limits discussed above. Other investment companies in which a Fund may invest can be expected to incur fees and expenses for operations, such as investment advisory and administration fees, which would be in addition to those incurred by the Fund. In addition, the iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF, in order to improve its portfolio liquidity and its ability to track its Underlying Index, may invest up to 10% of its assets in shares of other iShares funds that provide exposure similar to certain of the markets included in its Underlying Index. BFA has contractually agreed to waive its management fees and expenses in an amount equal to the iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF's pro rata share of the fees and expenses attributable to the Fund's investments in other iShares funds.
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments. Each Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds (including those advised by BFA or otherwise affiliated with BFA); (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed-time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. banks (including non-U.S. branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated, at the date of purchase, “Prime-1” by Moody's® Investors Service, Inc., “F-1” by Fitch Inc., or “A-1” by Standard & Poor's® Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies (“Standard & Poor's Ratings Services”), or if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by BFA; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; (vi) repurchase agreements; and (vii) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of non-U.S. banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of BFA, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by a Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or forward-settled basis. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
Swap Agreements. Swap agreements are contracts between parties in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on the change in market value or level of a specified rate, index or asset. In return, the other party agrees to make periodic payments to the first party based on the return of a different specified rate, index or asset. Swap agreements will usually be performed on a net basis, with a Fund receiving or paying only the net amount of the two payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap is accrued on a daily basis and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained by the Fund.
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The use of interest rate and index swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. These transactions generally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal.
Tracking Stocks. A tracking stock is a separate class of common stock whose value is linked to a specific business unit or operating division within a larger company and is designed to “track” the performance of such business unit or division. The tracking stock may pay dividends to shareholders independent of the parent company. The parent company, rather than the business unit or division, generally is the issuer of tracking stock. However, holders of the tracking stock may not have the same rights as holders of the company’s common stock.
Future Developments. The Board may, in the future, authorize a Fund to invest in securities contracts and investments, other than those listed in this SAI and in the applicable Prospectus, provided they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and do not violate any of its investment restrictions or policies.
General Considerations and Risks
A discussion of some of the principal risks associated with an investment in a Fund is contained in the applicable Prospectus.
An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers of the portfolio securities, the value of stocks in general, and other factors that affect the market.
Borrowing Risk.  Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the return on a Fund’s portfolio. Borrowing will cost a Fund interest expense and other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce a Fund’s return. Borrowing may cause a Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations.
Custody Risk.  Custody risk refers to the risks inherent in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of their local markets, and thus may be subject to limited or no government oversight. Communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Practices in relation to the settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because of the use of brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result in ownership registration being lost. In addition, the laws of certain countries may put limits on a Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or an agent of any of the foregoing goes bankrupt. A Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such custody problems and may have no successful claim for compensation.
Cyber Security Issues. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, each Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and investment risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cyber security failures or breaches by a Fund’s third party service providers (including, but not limited to, index providers, fund accountants and transfer agents) and the issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result. While the Funds have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Funds cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by issuers in which the Funds invest.
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Dividend Risk.  There is no guarantee that issuers of the stocks held by a Fund will declare dividends in the future or that, if declared, they will either remain at current levels or increase over time.
Risk of Derivatives.  A derivative is a financial contract, the value of which depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset such as a security or an index. A Fund may invest in stock index futures contracts and other derivatives. Compared to conventional securities, derivatives can be more sensitive to changes in interest rates or to sudden fluctuations in market prices and thus a Fund’s losses may be greater if it invests in derivatives than if it invests only in conventional securities. Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations.
Risk of Equity Securities.  An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in equity securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of stock markets may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the portfolio securities and thus in the value of shares of the Fund). Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to increases and decreases in value as market confidence and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies, inflation and interest rates, economic expansion or contraction, and global or regional political, economic or banking crises. Holders of common stocks incur more risks than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders generally have rights to receive payments from stock issuers that are inferior to the rights of creditors, or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (the value of which, however, is subject to market fluctuations prior to maturity), or preferred stocks, which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity.
Although most of the securities in each Underlying Index are listed on a national securities exchange, the principal trading market for some of the securities may be in the over-the-counter market. The existence of a liquid trading market for certain securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made or maintained or that any such market will be or remain liquid. The price at which securities may be sold and the value of a Fund’s shares will be adversely affected if trading markets for the Fund’s portfolio securities are limited or absent, or if bid/ask spreads are wide.
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions.  There are several risks accompanying the utilization of futures contracts and options on futures contracts. A position in futures contracts and options on futures contracts may be closed only on the exchange on which the contract was made (or a linked exchange). While each Fund plans to utilize futures contracts only if an active market exists for such contracts, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist for the contract at a specified time. Futures contracts, by definition, project price levels in the future and not current levels of valuation; therefore, market circumstances may result in a discrepancy between the price of the stock index future and the movement in a Fund's Underlying Index. In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, a Fund may be required to deliver the instruments underlying the future contracts it has sold.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts or uncovered call options in some strategies (e.g., selling uncovered stock index futures contracts) is potentially unlimited. The Funds do not plan to use futures and options contracts in this way. The risk of a futures position may still be large as traditionally measured due to the low margin deposits required. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit. The Funds, however, intend to utilize futures and options contracts in a manner designed to limit the risk exposure to levels comparable to a direct investment in the types of stocks in which they invest.
Utilization of futures and options on futures by a Fund involves the risk of imperfect or even negative correlation to its Underlying Index if the index underlying the futures contract differs from the Underlying Index. There is also the risk of loss of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in the futures contract or option. The purchase of put or call options will be based upon predictions by BFA as to anticipated trends, which predictions could prove to be incorrect.
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Because the futures market generally imposes less burdensome margin requirements than the securities market, an increased amount of participation by speculators in the futures market could result in price fluctuations. Certain financial futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount by which the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting each Fund to substantial losses. In the event of adverse price movements, each Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities.  An investment in each Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in portfolios of equity securities traded on non-U.S. exchanges. These risks include market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices. Investing in securities issued by issuers domiciled in countries other than the domicile of the investor and denominated in currencies other than an investor’s local currency entails certain considerations and risks not typically encountered by the investor in making investments in its home country and in that country’s currency. These considerations include favorable or unfavorable changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations and the costs that may be incurred in connection with conversions between various currencies. Investing in the Funds also involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in a fund whose portfolio contains exclusively securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include generally less liquid and less efficient securities markets; generally greater price volatility; less publicly available information about issuers; the imposition of withholding or other taxes; the imposition of restrictions on the expatriation of funds or other assets of the Funds; in the case of the iShares India 50 ETF, restrictions on ownership of Indian securities by foreign entities; higher transaction and custody costs; delays and risks attendant in settlement procedures; difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations; lower liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization; different accounting and disclosure standards; lower levels of regulation of the securities markets; more substantial government interference with the economy; higher rates of inflation; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty; the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets; and the risk of war.
 The United States and the European Union (the “EU”) have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian individuals and a financial institution. The United States or the EU could also institute broader sanctions on Russia. These sanctions, or even the threat of further sanctions, may result in the decline of the value and liquidity of Russian securities, a weakening of the ruble or other adverse consequences to the Russian economy. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities, impairing the ability of iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities. Sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities.
Risk of Swap Agreements.  The risk of loss with respect to swaps generally is limited to the net amount of payments that a Fund is contractually obligated to make. Swap agreements are subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will default on its obligations. If such a default occurs, a Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect such Fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g., a Fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive).
Treaty/Tax Risk. The iShares India 50 ETF operates, in part, through the Subsidiary, which in turn invests in securities of Indian issuers. At this time, the Subsidiary should be eligible to take advantage of the benefits of the Double Tax Avoidance Agreement between India and Mauritius (“DTAA”). Numerous investors have relied on the benefits of the DTAA to invest in India through Mauritius in the past. However, in the past 10-15 years a number of parties have challenged the DTAA or the interpretation of the DTAA. Circular 789, issued on April 13, 2000 by the Indian Central Board of Direct Taxes (“CBDT”), clarifies that whenever the Mauritius revenue authorities have issued a certificate of tax residence, such certificate would constitute sufficient evidence for accepting the status of residence of Mauritius tax residents for purposes of applying the provisions of the DTAA. The Supreme Court of India in 2003 subsequently held and declared Circular 789 to be valid following litigation regarding Circular 789. As of the date of this SAI, Circular 789 is still valid and in force.
However, recently issued rulings suggest that the Indian tax administration’s analysis may have changed, and that the tax authorities may now focus on a number of factors when assessing whether a foreign entity is eligible for the benefit of the provisions of a tax treaty, including, among others, the place of management of the foreign resident company and the level of substance in the jurisdiction in which it is incorporated. In addition, both the Indian tax administration and Indian courts
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seem now to be taking aggressive efforts to challenge structures involving offshore funds investing directly or indirectly in India, in particular those from Mauritius. Further, the Finance Act, 2013 (“FA 13”) provides that an investor is required to submit the tax residency certificate (“TRC”) as issued in the country of residence and provide other documents and information as prescribed by the Government of India to claim benefits under the DTAA.
It is possible that the governments of India and Mauritius may renegotiate the terms of the DTAA to include, among other things, a limitation of benefit clause. No assurance can be given that the terms of the DTAA will not be renegotiated or subject to a different interpretation in the future. Any change in the provisions of the DTAA or in its applicability to the Subsidiary could result in the imposition of withholding and capital gains taxes and other taxes on the Subsidiary by tax authorities in India. This could significantly reduce the return to the iShares India 50 ETF on its investments and the return received by the Fund’s shareholders.
Indian Tax Risk. In 2010, it was proposed that the Income Tax Act (“IT Act”) may be replaced with the Direct Taxes Code. The Parliamentary Standing Committee released its comments on the draft Direct Taxes Code on March 9, 2012, which is under consideration by the Government of India. The revised Direct Taxes Code is yet to be tabled before the Parliament to reconsider.
Given the delay in enacting the Direct Taxes Code, the Government of India, through the Finance Act 2012 (“FA 12”), which was enacted on May 28, 2012, had introduced certain key changes to the existing tax framework in India. FA 12 has provisions that impose Indian tax and withholding obligations with respect to the transfer of shares in an overseas company that derives its value substantially from assets situated in India (“indirect transfers”). Because the iShares India 50 ETF invests in Indian securities through the Subsidiary, this legislation by its terms subjects shareholder redemptions of Fund shares and sales of Fund investments to Indian tax and withholding obligations, both prospectively as well as retroactively. However, the CBDT issued a letter on May 29, 2012 clarifying the reopening of completed assessments as a result of the retrospective amendments introduced by the Finance Act. Under this letter, CBDT has directed Indian tax authorities to not reopen any assessment proceedings that were completed before April 1, 2012 and where no notice for reassessment has been issued prior to that date. It has also been clarified that any assessment or any other order which stands validated due to the amendments in the Finance Act would be enforced. Given this clarification issued by the CBDT, the iShares India 50 ETF does not expect that their respective shareholders or each Fund will become subject to tax or to withholding obligations with respect to completed assessments.
An Expert Committee formed by Government of India was constituted to examine the implications of the above amendment, which provides for taxing indirect transfer of Indian assets in India. Based on the consultations received from stakeholders, the Expert Committee in its report has recommended that the above deemed provisions should not apply in the following cases:
where a non-resident investor has made any investment, directly or indirectly, in a Foreign Institutional Investor (“FII”) which has invested in India;
investment by the non-resident investor in a fund or a fund pooling vehicle, which do not result in participation in control and management of the fund;
where a non-resident investor along with its associates, does not have more than 26% share in total capital of the company.
Accordingly, the Expert Committee has recommended that the non-resident will not be taxable in India in relation to investments made by the Fund/ FII in India in the above situations.
The Expert Committee has also recommended that amendments should be applied prospectively and not retrospectively.
If the recommendations made by the Expert Committee are accepted by the Government of India then the non-resident shareholders of the Fund/ Subsidiary would not be taxed in India on indirect transfer of shares.
However, the above amendment does not override the provisions of DTAA which India has entered into with many countries. Hence, if the non-resident investor in the Fund is situated in a favorable tax jurisdiction (like Mauritius, Singapore, etc.), then capital gains on such indirect transfer may not be chargeable to tax in view of the DTAA entered into between India and respective countries.
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In addition, FA 12 had introduced the general tax anti-avoidance rules (“GAAR”) to curb aggressive tax planning with the use of sophisticated structures and was to be effective from April 1, 2013. Based on recommendations of the Expert Committee on GAAR established by the Government of India, FA 13 (which was enacted on May 10, 2013) has deferred the implementation of GAAR by two years and has also made some changes to the provisions of GAAR. GAAR would be now effective from financial year beginning from April 1, 2015 onwards.
As per the current provisions of GAAR, an arrangement entered into by a taxpayer may be declared to be an impermissible avoidance arrangement, if the ‘main purpose’ of the arrangement is to obtain a ‘tax benefit’ and the arrangement:
creates rights, or obligations, which are not ordinarily created between persons dealing at arm's length;
results, directly or indirectly, in the misuse, or abuse, of the provisions of IT Act;
lacks commercial substance; or
is entered into, or carried out, by means, or in a manner, which are not ordinarily employed for bona fide purposes.
Once an arrangement is declared to be an impermissible avoidance arrangement, wide powers have been granted to tax authorities to deny tax treaty benefits, disregard or re-characterize transactions, re-characterize equity into debt and vice versa.
Further, certain recommendations of the Expert Committee were accepted by the Government of India vide Press Release dated January 14, 2013 but the same have not been incorporated in the legislation. This includes a provision for grandfathering of existing investments, minimum monetary threshold of 30 million Indian Rupees tax benefit for invoking GAAR, non-application of GAAR to non-resident investors of the FIIs and FIIs who do not take benefits under DTAAs, etc. Also, the Expert Committee has recommended that where Circular No. 789 of 2000 with respect to Mauritius is applicable, GAAR provisions shall not apply to examine the genuineness of the residency of an entity set up in Mauritius. However, the Indian Government has not given any comment either accepting or rejecting the aforesaid recommendation on acceptability of Circular No. 789 of 2000 vis-à-vis GAAR.
If the iShares India 50 ETF's use of the Subsidiary was considered to be such an impermissible avoidance arrangement, the Fund would become subject directly to taxation in India. GAAR is expected to come into force from April 2013. The burden of proof in enforcing the rule will reside with the Indian government, not the taxpayer, and India’s current double tax treaty arrangements will remain in force. However, GAAR may prevent the Fund from realizing the planned tax benefits of the Subsidiary, irrespective of existing beneficial treaty provisions, may lead to the imposition of tax liabilities and withholding obligations, and may lead the Fund to modify or disassemble its Subsidiary structure.
Provisions of the current legislation and the Direct Taxes Code (if enacted), could change the manner in which Subsidiary are currently taxed in India and could adversely impact the returns to the iShares India 50 ETF/Subsidiary and their shareholders. The iShares India 50 ETF will continue to monitor developments in India with respect to these matters. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to their own tax situations and the tax consequences of an investment in the iShares India 50 ETF.
Risk of Investing in Africa.  Investments in securities of issuers in certain African countries involve heightened risks including, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict, civil war, and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest and, in certain countries, genocidal warfare.
Certain countries in Africa generally have less developed capital markets than traditional emerging market countries, and, consequently, the risks of investing in foreign securities are magnified in such countries. Because securities markets of countries in Africa are underdeveloped and are less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets located in more developed countries, securities markets in African countries are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater price fluctuations and uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets.
Moreover, trading on securities markets may be suspended altogether. Market volatility may also be heightened by the actions of a small number of investors. Brokerage firms in certain countries in Africa may be fewer in number and less established than brokerage firms in more developed markets. Since a Fund may need to effect securities transactions through
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these brokerage firms, the Fund is subject to the risk that these brokerage firms will not be able to fulfill their obligations to the Fund (i.e., counterparty risk). This risk is magnified to the extent that a Fund effects securities transactions through a single brokerage firm or a small number of brokerage firms.
Certain governments in African countries restrict or control to varying degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers located or operating in those countries. These restrictions and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities of issuers located or operating in countries in Africa. Moreover, certain countries in Africa require governmental approval or special licenses prior to investment by foreign investors and may limit the amount of investment by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or issuer, and may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domestic investors of the countries and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. A delay in obtaining a government approval or a license would delay investments in a particular country, and, as a result, a Fund may not be able to invest in certain securities while approval is pending. The government of a particular country may also withdraw or decline to renew a license that enables a Fund to invest in such country. These factors make investing in issuers located or operating in countries in Africa significantly riskier than investing in issuers located or operating in more developed countries, and any one of these factors could cause a decline in the value of a Fund’s investments.
Issuers located or operating in countries in Africa are not subject to the same rules and regulations as issuers located or operating in more developed countries. Therefore, there may be less financial and other information publicly-available with regard to issuers located or operating in countries in Africa and such issuers are not subject to the uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards applicable to issuers located or operating in more developed countries.
In addition, governments of certain countries in Africa in which a Fund may invest may levy withholding or other taxes on income such as dividends, interest and realized capital gains. Although in certain countries in Africa a portion of these taxes are recoverable, the non-recovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from investments in such countries.
Investment in countries in Africa may be subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in connection with the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. In addition, there is the risk that if an African country’s balance of payments declines, such African country may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. Consequently, a Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments. Additionally, investments in countries in Africa may require a Fund to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Fund.
Securities laws in many countries in Africa are relatively new and unsettled and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and shareholder rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations. In addition, there may be no single centralized securities exchange on which securities are traded in certain countries in Africa and the systems of corporate governance to which issuers located in countries in Africa are subject may be less advanced than those systems to which issuers located in more developed countries are subject, and therefore, shareholders of issuers located in such countries may not receive many of the protections available to shareholders of issuers located in more developed countries. In circumstances where adequate laws and shareholder rights exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift and equitable enforcement of the law. In addition, the enforcement of systems of taxation at federal, regional and local levels in countries in Africa may be inconsistent and subject to sudden change.
Certain countries in Africa may be heavily dependent upon international trade and, consequently, have been and may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These countries also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade. Certain countries in Africa depend to a significant extent upon exports of primary commodities such as gold, silver, copper and diamonds. These countries therefore are vulnerable to changes in commodity prices, which may be affected by a variety of factors. In addition, certain issuers located in countries in Africa in which a Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations, and/or countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is
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identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries. A Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those risks.
The governments of certain countries in Africa may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in such countries, which could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments that could adversely affect investments in certain countries in Africa. Some countries in Africa may be affected by a greater degree of public corruption and crime, including organized crime.
In addition, recent political instability and protests in North Africa and the Middle East have caused significant disruptions to many industries. This instability has demonstrated that political and social unrest can spread quickly through the region, and that developments in one country can influence the political events in neighboring countries. Some protests have turned violent, and civil war and political reconstruction in certain countries such as Libya poses a risk to investments in the region. Continued political and social unrest in these regions may negatively affect the value of an investment in a Fund.
Risk of Investing in Brazil.  Investment in securities of companies domiciled in Brazil involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the U.S. securities markets. Such heightened risks include, among others, a high level of price volatility in the Brazilian equity and currency markets, chronic structural public sector deficits and disparities of wealth.
Brazil has historically experienced high rates of inflation and may continue to do so in the future. An increase in prices for commodities, the depreciation of the Brazilian currency (the real) and potential future governmental measures seeking to maintain the value of the real in relation to the U.S. dollar, may trigger increases in inflation in Brazil and may slow the rate of growth of the Brazilian economy. Inflationary pressures also may limit the ability of certain Brazilian issuers to access foreign financial markets and may lead to further government intervention in the economy, including the introduction of government policies that may adversely affect the overall performance of the Brazilian economy, which in turn could adversely affect a Fund's investments.
The Brazilian government has exercised, and continues to exercise, significant influence over the Brazilian economy, which may have significant effects on Brazilian companies and on market conditions and prices of Brazilian securities. The Brazilian economy has been characterized by frequent, and occasionally drastic, intervention by the Brazilian government. The Brazilian government has often changed monetary, taxation, credit, tariff and other policies to influence the core of Brazil’s economy. The Brazilian government’s actions to control inflation and affect other economic policies have involved, among others, the setting of wage and price controls, blocking access to bank accounts, fluctuation of the base interest rates, imposing exchange controls and limiting imports into Brazil. In the past, the Brazilian government has maintained domestic price controls, and no assurances can be given that price controls will not be re-imposed in the future.
Investments in Brazilian securities may be subject to certain restrictions on foreign investment. Brazilian law provides that whenever a serious imbalance in Brazil’s balance of payments exists or is anticipated, the Brazilian government may impose temporary restrictions on the remittance to foreign investors of the proceeds of their investment in Brazil and on the conversion of Brazilian currency into foreign currency. The likelihood of such restrictions may be affected by the extent of Brazil’s foreign currency reserves, the size of Brazil’s debt service burden relative to the economy as a whole, and political constraints to which Brazil may be subject. There can be no assurance that the Brazilian government will not impose restrictions or restrictive exchange control policies in the future, which could have the effect of preventing or restricting access to foreign currency.
The market for Brazilian securities is directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and economic and market conditions of certain countries, especially other emerging market countries in Central and South America. Adverse economic conditions or developments in other emerging market countries have at times significantly affected the availability of credit in the Brazilian economy and resulted in considerable outflows of funds and declines in the amount of foreign currency invested in Brazil. Crisis in neighboring emerging market countries also may increase investors’ risk aversion, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by Brazilian companies, including securities in which a Fund may invest.
Risk of Investing in China.  Investment in securities of companies domiciled in China involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the U.S. securities markets. Such heightened risks include, among others, an authoritarian government, popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic and social conditions, the impact of regional conflict on the economy and hostile relations with neighboring countries.
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Military conflicts, either in response to internal social unrest or conflicts with other countries, could disrupt economic development. The Chinese economy is vulnerable to the long-running disagreements with Hong Kong related to integration and religious and nationalist disputes with Tibet. China has a complex territorial dispute regarding the sovereignty of Taiwan that has included threats of invasion; Taiwan-based companies and individuals are significant investors in China. Military conflict between China and Taiwan may adversely affect securities of Chinese issuers. In addition, China has strained international relations with Japan, India, Russia and other neighbors due to territorial disputes, historical animosities and other defense concerns. China could be affected by military events on the Korean peninsula or internal instability within North Korea. These situations may cause uncertainty in the Chinese market and may adversely affect performance of the Chinese economy.
The Chinese government has implemented significant economic reforms in order to liberalize trade policy, promote foreign investment in the economy, reduce government control of the economy and develop market mechanisms. But there can be no assurance that these reforms will continue or that they will be effective. Despite reforms and privatizations of companies in certain sectors, the Chinese government still exercises substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector and may own or control many companies. The Chinese government continues to maintain a major role in economic policy making and investing in China involves risk of loss due to expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and on repatriation of capital invested. In addition, there is less regulation and monitoring of Chinese securities markets and the activities of investors, brokers and other participants than in the United States. Accordingly, issuers of securities in China are not subject to the same degree of regulation as are U.S. issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, tender offer regulation, stockholder proxy requirements and the requirements mandating timely and accurate disclosure of information. Stock markets in China are in the process of change and further development. This may lead to trading volatility, difficulty in the settlement and recording of transactions and difficulty in interpreting and applying the relevant regulation.
While the Chinese economy has grown rapidly in recent years, there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. China may experience substantial rates of inflation or economic recessions, causing a negative effect on the economy and securities market. China’s economy is heavily dependent on export growth. Reduction in spending on Chinese products and services, institution of tariffs or other trade barriers or a downturn in any of the economies of China’s key trading partners may have an adverse impact on the securities of Chinese issuers.
The tax laws and regulations in the People's Republic of China (“PRC”) are subject to change, including the issuance of authoritative guidance or enforcement, possibly with retroactive effect. The interpretation, applicability and enforcement of such laws by PRC tax authorities are not as consistent and transparent as those of more developed nations, and may vary over time and from region to region. The application and enforcement of PRC tax rules could have a significant adverse effect on a Fund and its investors, particularly in relation to capital gains withholding tax imposed upon non-residents.
Risk of Investing in India.  India is an emerging market and demonstrates significantly higher volatility from time to time in comparison to more developed markets. Political, religious, and border disputes persist in India. India has recently experienced and may continue to experience civil unrest and hostilities with certain of its neighboring countries, including Pakistan, and the Indian government has confronted separatist movements in several Indian states, including Kashmir. Government control over the economy, currency fluctuations or blockage, and the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets offer higher potential for losses. Governmental actions could have a negative effect on the economic conditions in India, which could adversely affect the value and liquidity of investments made by a Fund. The securities markets in India are comparatively underdeveloped and with some exceptions, consist of a small number of listed companies with small market capitalization, greater price volatility and substantially less liquidity than companies in more developed markets. Stockbrokers and other intermediaries in India may not perform as well as their counterparts in the United States or other, more developed countries. The limited liquidity of the Indian securities markets may also affect a Fund’s ability to acquire or dispose of securities at the price or time that it desires or the Fund’s ability to track its Underlying Index.
Global factors and foreign actions may inhibit the flow of foreign capital on which India is dependent to sustain its growth. In addition, the Reserve Bank of India has imposed limits on foreign ownership of Indian companies, which may decrease the liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio and result in extreme volatility in the prices of Indian securities. These factors, coupled with the lack of extensive accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices, as applicable in the United States, may increase the risk of loss for a Fund.
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Securities laws in India are relatively new and unsettled and, as a result, there is a risk of significant and unpredictable change in laws governing foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and shareholder rights. Foreign investors in particular may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations. Certain Indian regulatory approvals, including approvals from the Securities and Exchange Board of India, the central government and the tax authorities (to the extent that tax benefits need to be utilized), may be required before a Fund can make investments in Indian companies.
Technology and software sectors represent a significant portion of the total capitalization of the Indian securities markets. The value of these companies will generally fluctuate in response to technological and regulatory developments, and, as a result, a Fund’s holdings are expected to experience correlated fluctuations.
Natural disasters, such as tsunamis, flooding or droughts, could occur in India, Mauritius or surrounding areas and could negatively affect the Indian economy or operations of a Subsidiary, and, in turn, could negatively affect a Fund.
Risk of Investing in Mexico.  Investment in Mexican issuers involves risks that are specific to Mexico, including regulatory, political, and economic risks. The Mexican economy, among other things, is dependent upon external trade with other economies, specifically with the United States and certain Latin American countries. As a result, Mexico is dependent on, among other things, the U.S. economy and any change in the price or demand for Mexican exports may have an adverse impact on the Mexican economy. Recently, Mexico has experienced an outbreak of violence related to drug trafficking. Incidents involving Mexico’s security may have an adverse effect on the Mexican economy and cause uncertainty in its financial markets.
Risk of Investing in South Korea.  Investments in South Korean issuers involve risks that are specific to South Korea, including legal, regulatory, political, currency, security and economic risks. Substantial political tensions exist between North Korea and South Korea and recently, these political tensions have escalated. The outbreak of hostilities between the two nations, or even the threat of an outbreak of hostilities will likely adversely impact the South Korean economy. In addition, South Korea's economic growth potential has recently been on a decline, mainly because of a rapidly aging population and structural problems.
Risk of Investing in Asia.  Investments in securities of issuers in certain Asian countries involve risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in other regions. Such heightened risks include, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socio-economic unrest. Many Asian economies have experienced rapid rates of economic growth and industrialization in recent years, and there is no assurance that these rates of economic growth and industrialization will be maintained.
Certain Asian countries have democracies with relatively short histories, which may increase the risk of political instability. These countries have faced political and military unrest, and further unrest could present a risk to their local economies and securities markets. Indonesia and the Philippines have each experienced violence and terrorism, which has negatively impacted their economies. North Korea and South Korea each have substantial military capabilities, and historical tensions between the two countries present the risk of war. Recently these tensions have escalated. Any outbreak of hostilities between the two countries could have a severe adverse effect on the South Korean economy and securities market. Increased political and social unrest in these geographic areas could adversely affect the performance of investments in this region.
Certain governments in this region administer prices on several basic goods, including fuel and electricity, within their respective countries. Certain governments may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector in their respective countries and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in this region, which in turn could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments adversely affecting investments in the region.
Corruption and the perceived lack of a rule of law in dealings with international companies in certain Asian countries may discourage foreign investment and could negatively impact the long-term growth of certain economies in this region. In addition, certain countries in the region are experiencing high unemployment and corruption, and have fragile banking sectors.
Some economies in this region are dependent on a range of commodities, including oil, natural gas and coal. Accordingly, they are strongly affected by international commodity prices and particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products. The market for securities in this region may also be directly influenced by the flow of international capital,
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and by the economic and market conditions of neighboring countries. Adverse economic conditions or developments in neighboring countries may increase investors' perception of the risk of investing in the region as a whole, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by companies in the region.
Risk of Investing in Australasia.  The economies of Australasia, which include Australia and New Zealand, are dependent on exports from the agricultural and mining sectors. This makes Australasian economies susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. Australasian economies are also increasingly dependent on their growing service industries. Australia and New Zealand are located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters, such as drought and flooding. Any such event in the future could have a significant adverse impact on the economies of Australia and New Zealand and affect the value of securities held by a Fund. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are dependent on trading with certain key trading partners, including Asia, Europe and the United States. The Australia–U.S. Free Trade Agreement has significantly expanded the trading relationship between the United States and Australia. In 2003, Australia and Singapore entered into the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (“SAFTA”). SAFTA is intended to further expand the economic relationship with Singapore, Australia’s largest trade and investment partner in Southeast Asia. Thus, economic events in the United States, Asia, or in other key trading countries can have a significant economic effect on the Australian economy. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are heavily dependent on the mining sector. Passage of new regulations limiting foreign ownership of companies in the mining sector or imposition of new taxes on profits of mining companies may dissuade foreign investment, and as a result, have a negative impact on companies to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in Central and South America.  The economies of certain Central and South American countries have experienced high interest rates, economic volatility, inflation, currency devaluations, government defaults and high unemployment rates. In addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant percentage of exports for the regions and many economies in these regions are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries of these regions.
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets.   Investments in emerging market countries may be subject to greater risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include: (i) less social, political, and economic stability; (ii) greater illiquidity and price volatility due to smaller or limited local capital markets for such securities, or low or non-existent trading volumes; (iii) foreign exchanges and broker-dealers may be subject to less scrutiny and regulation by local authorities; (iv) local governments may decide to seize or confiscate securities held by foreign investors and/or local governments may decide to suspend or limit an issuer's ability to make dividend or interest payments; (v) local governments may limit or entirely restrict repatriation of invested capital, profits, and dividends; (vi) capital gains may be subject to local taxation, including on a retroactive basis; (vii) issuers facing restrictions on dollar or euro payments imposed by local governments may attempt to make dividend or interest payments to foreign investors in the local currency; (viii) investors may experience difficulty in enforcing legal claims related to the securities and/or local judges may favor the interests of the issuer over those of foreign investors; (ix) bankruptcy judgments may only be permitted to be paid in the local currency; (x) limited public information regarding the issuer may result in greater difficulty in determining market valuations of the securities, and (xi) lax financial reporting on a regular basis, substandard disclosure and differences in accounting standards may make it difficult to ascertain the financial health of an issuer.
Emerging market securities markets are typically marked by a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of ownership of such securities by a limited number of investors. In addition, brokerage and other costs associated with transactions in emerging markets securities markets can be higher, sometimes significantly, than similar costs incurred in securities markets in developed countries. Although some emerging markets have become more established and tend to issue securities of higher credit quality, the markets for securities in other emerging countries are in the earliest stages of their development, and these countries issue securities across the credit spectrum. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in emerging countries may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the securities markets of developed countries. The limited size of many of these securities markets can cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, prices may be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions in these markets. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity of such markets. The limited liquidity of emerging country securities may also affect a Fund's ability to accurately value its portfolio securities or to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so or in order to meet redemption requests.
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Many emerging market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Sudden changes in governments may result in policies which are less favorable to investors such as policies designed to expropriate or nationalize “sovereign” assets. Certain emerging market countries in the past have expropriated large amounts of private property, in many cases with little or no compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future.
Investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit a Fund's investment in certain emerging countries and may increase the expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer's outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals.
Many emerging market countries lack the social, political, and economic stability characteristic of the United States. Political instability among emerging market countries can be common and may be caused by an uneven distribution of wealth, social unrest, labor strikes, civil wars, and religious oppression. Economic instability in emerging market countries may take the form of: (i) high interest rates; (ii) high levels of inflation, including hyperinflation; (iii) high levels of unemployment or underemployment; (iv) changes in government economic and tax policies, including confiscatory taxation; and (v) imposition of trade barriers.
A Fund's income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the emerging market countries in which it invests, and treaties between the United States and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates.
Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain of these emerging markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions.
In the past, certain governments in emerging market countries have become overly reliant on the international capital markets and other forms of foreign credit to finance large public spending programs, which in the past have caused huge budget deficits. Often, interest payments have become too overwhelming for a government to meet, representing a large percentage of total GDP. These foreign obligations have become the subject of political debate and served as fuel for political parties of the opposition, which pressure the government not to make payments to foreign creditors, but instead to use these funds for, among other things, social programs. Either due to an inability to pay or submission to political pressure, foreign governments have been forced to seek a restructuring of their loan and/or bond obligations, have declared a temporary suspension of interest payments or have defaulted. These events have adversely affected the values of securities issued by foreign governments and corporations domiciled in those countries and have negatively affected not only their cost of borrowing, but their ability to borrow in the future as well.
Risk of Investing in Europe.   The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the “EU”) requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro (the common currency of certain EU countries), the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession among EU member countries may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners. Although certain European countries do not use the euro, many of these countries are obliged to meet the criteria for joining the euro zone. Consequently, these countries must comply with many of the restrictions noted above. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about economic downturns, rising government debt levels and the possible default of government debt in several European countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In order to prevent further economic deterioration, certain countries, without prior warning, can institute “capital controls.” Countries may use these controls to restrict volatile movements of capital entering and exiting their country. Such controls may negatively affect a Fund’s investments. A default or debt restructuring by any European country would adversely impact holders of that country's debt and sellers of credit default swaps linked to that country's creditworthiness, which may be located in countries other than those listed above. In addition, the credit ratings of certain European countries were recently downgraded. These downgrades may result in further deterioration of investor confidence. These events have adversely affected the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect the
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economies of every country in Europe, including countries that do not use the euro and non-EU member countries. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not produce the desired results, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and other entities of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.
Risk of Investing in North America.  The United States is Canada’s and Mexico’s largest trading and investment partner. The Canadian and Mexican economies are significantly affected by developments in the U.S. economy. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) in 1994 among Canada, the United States and Mexico, total merchandise trade between the three countries has increased. To further this relationship, the three NAFTA countries entered into the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America in March 2005, which may further affect Canada’s and Mexico’s dependency on the U.S. economy. Economic events in any one North American country can have a significant economic effect on the entire North American region, and on some or all of the North American countries in which a Fund invests.
Risk of Investing in the Chemicals Industry.  The success of companies in the chemicals industry can be significantly affected by intense competition, product obsolescence, raw materials prices, and government regulation. As regulations are developed and enforced, chemicals companies could be required to alter or cease production of a product, pay fines, pay for cleaning up a disposal site or agree to restrictions on their operations. In addition, chemicals companies may be subject to risks associated with production, handling, and disposal, as some of the materials and processes used by these companies involve hazardous components.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector.  Companies engaged in the design, production or distribution of products or services for the consumer discretionary sector (including, without limitation, television and radio broadcasting, manufacturing, publishing, recording and musical instruments, motion pictures, photography, amusement and theme parks, gaming casinos, sporting goods and sports arenas, camping and recreational equipment, toys and games, apparel, travel-related services, automobiles, hotels and motels, and fast food and other restaurants) are subject to the risk that their products or services may become obsolete quickly. The success of these companies can depend heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. During periods of an expanding economy, the consumer discretionary sector may outperform the consumer staples sector, but may underperform when economic conditions worsen. Moreover, the consumer discretionary sector can be significantly affected by several factors, including, without limitation, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange rates, changing consumer preferences, demographics, marketing campaigns, cyclical revenue generation, consumer confidence, commodity price volatility, labor relations, interest rates, import and export controls, intense competition, technological developments and government regulation.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Goods Industry.  The success of the consumer goods industry is tied closely to the performance of the domestic and international economy, interest rates, exchange rates, competition, consumer confidence and consumer disposable income. The consumer goods industry may be strongly affected by trends, marketing campaigns and other factors affecting consumer demand. Governmental regulation affecting the use of various food additives may affect the profitability of certain companies in the consumer goods industry. Moreover, international events may affect food and beverage companies that derive a substantial portion of their net income from foreign countries. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by new laws, regulations and litigation. Many consumer goods may be marketed globally, and consumer goods companies may be affected by the demand and market conditions in other countries and regions. Companies in the consumer goods industry may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability. Changes in demographics and consumer preferences may affect the success of consumer products.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector.  Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by changes in the global economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics and consumer preferences, and production spending. Companies in the consumer staples sector may also be affected by changes in global economic, environmental and political events, economic conditions, the depletion of resources, and government regulation. For instance, government regulations may affect the permissibility of using various food additives and production methods of companies that make food products, which could affect company profitability. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by the adoption of proposed legislation and/or by litigation. Companies in the consumer staples sector also may be subject to risks
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pertaining to the supply of, demand for and prices of raw materials. The prices of raw materials fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, changes in government agricultural support programs, exchange rates, import and export controls, changes in international agricultural and trading policies, and seasonal and weather conditions. Companies in the consumer staples sector may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability.
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector.  Companies in the energy sector are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, energy supply and demand, government regulations and policies, energy production and conservation efforts, technological change, and other factors that a Fund cannot control; these companies may lack resources and have limited business lines. The energy sector is cyclical and is highly dependent on commodity prices. Prices and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to national and international political changes, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the key energy-consuming countries.
Companies in the energy infrastructure industry may be adversely affected by terrorism, natural disasters or other catastrophes. Companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property, pollution or other environmental damage claims. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. Significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. Additionally, the Middle East, where many companies in the energy sector may operate, has recently seen widespread social unrest.
Companies in the energy sector may also be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, negative perception, efforts at energy conservation and world events in the regions in which the companies operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Because a significant portion of revenues of companies in this sector are derived from a relatively small number of customers that are largely composed of governmental entities and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on the stock prices of companies in this sector. The energy sector is highly regulated. Entities operating in the energy sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation can change rapidly or over time in both scope and intensity. Stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would likely increase compliance costs and may materially adversely affect the financial performance of companies in the energy sector.
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector.  Companies in the financials sector include regional and money center banks, securities brokerage firms, asset management companies, savings banks and thrift institutions, specialty finance companies (e.g., credit card, mortgage providers), insurance and insurance brokerage firms, financial conglomerates and foreign banking and financial companies. The global financial markets have experienced very difficult conditions and volatility as well as significant adverse trends. The conditions in these markets have resulted in a decrease in availability of corporate credit, capital and liquidity and have led indirectly to the insolvency, closure or acquisition of a number of financial institutions. These conditions have also contributed to consolidation within the financial industry. In addition, the global financial industry has been materially and adversely affected by a significant decline in the value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and by the sovereign debt crisis. The prospects of many financial companies are questionable and continue to evolve as financial companies revise their outlooks and write down assets that they hold.
Most financial companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which limits their activities and may affect their ability to earn a profit from a given line of business. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financials sector, including effects not intended by the regulation. Direct governmental intervention in the operations of financial companies and financial markets may materially and adversely affect the companies in which a Fund invests, including legislation in many countries that may increase government regulation, repatriation and other intervention. The impact of governmental intervention and legislative changes on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The valuation of financial companies has been and continues to be subject to unprecedented volatility and may be influenced by unpredictable factors, including interest rate risk and sovereign debt default. Certain financial businesses are subject to intense competitive pressures, including market share and price competition. Financial companies in foreign countries are subject to market specific and general
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regulatory and interest rate concerns. In particular, government regulation in certain foreign countries may include taxes and controls on interest rates, credit availability, minimum capital requirements, ban on short sales, prices and currency transfers.
The profitability of banks, savings and loan associations and financial companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change; for instance, when interest rates go up, the value of securities issued by many types of companies in the financials sector generally goes down. In other words, financial companies may be adversely affected in certain market cycles, including, without limitation, during periods of rising interest rates, which may restrict the availability and increase the cost of capital, and during periods of declining economic conditions, which may cause credit losses due to financial difficulties of borrowers.
In addition, general economic conditions are important to the operations of these companies, and financial difficulties of borrowers may have an adverse effect on the profitability of financial companies. Financial companies can be highly dependent upon access to capital markets and any impediments to such access, such as adverse overall economic conditions or a negative perception in the capital markets of a financial company’s financial condition or prospects, could adversely affect its business. Deterioration of credit markets, as experienced in 2008 and 2009, can have an adverse impact on a broad range of financial markets, causing certain financial companies to incur large losses. In these conditions, companies in the financials sector may experience significant declines in the valuation of their assets, take actions to raise capital and even cease operations. Some financial companies may also be required to accept or borrow significant amounts of capital from government sources and may face future government imposed restrictions on their businesses or increased government intervention. In addition, there is no guarantee that governments will provide any such relief in the future. These actions may cause the securities of many companies in the financials sector to decline in value.
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector.  Companies in the healthcare sector are often issuers whose profitability may be affected by extensive government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising or falling costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure, an increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and other market developments. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection and the actual or perceived safety and efficiency of their products.
Patents have a limited duration and, upon expiration, other companies may market substantially similar “generic” products that are typically sold at a lower price than the patented product, causing the original developer of the product to lose market share and/or reduce the price charged for the product, resulting in lower profits for the original developer. As a result, the expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.
In addition, because the products and services of many companies in the healthcare sector affect the health and well-being of many individuals, these companies are especially susceptible to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the healthcare sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly, resulting in increased development costs, delayed cost recovery and loss of competitive advantage to the extent that rival companies have developed competing products or procedures, adversely affecting the company’s revenues and profitability. In other words, delays in the regulatory approval process may diminish the opportunity for a company to profit from a new product or to bring a new product to market, which could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Healthcare companies may also be strongly affected by scientific biotechnology or technological developments and their products may quickly become obsolete. Also, many healthcare companies offer products and services that are subject to governmental regulation and may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies or laws. Legislation introduced or considered by certain governments on any individual healthcare company or on the healthcare sector as a whole cannot be predicted. These laws and proposals span a wide range of topics, including cost control, national health insurance, incentives for compensation in the provision of healthcare services, tax incentives and penalties related to healthcare insurance premiums, and promotion of prepaid healthcare plans. No one can predict what proposals will be enacted or what potentially adverse effect they may have on healthcare-related or biotechnology-related companies.
Additionally, the expansion of facilities by healthcare related providers is subject to “determinations of need” by certain government authorities. This process not only increases the time and costs involved in these expansions, but also makes expansion plans uncertain, limiting the revenue and profitability growth potential of healthcare related facilities operators and negatively affecting the price of their securities. Moreover, in recent years both local and national governmental budgets have
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come under pressure to reduce spending and control healthcare costs, which could both adversely affect regulatory processes and public funding available for healthcare products, services and facilities.
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector.  The value of securities issued by companies in the industrials sector may be affected by supply and demand both for their specific products or services and for industrials sector products in general. The products of manufacturing companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Government regulations, world events and economic conditions affect the performance of companies in the industrials sector. The industrials sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced by unpredictable factors. Aerospace and defense companies, a component of the industrials sector, can be significantly affected by government spending policies because companies involved in this industry rely, to a significant extent, on government demand for their products and services. Thus, the financial condition of, and investor interest in, aerospace and defense companies are heavily influenced by governmental defense spending policies, which are typically under pressure from efforts to control government budgets. Transportation stocks, a component of the industrials sector, are cyclical and can be significantly affected by economic changes, fuel prices, labor relations and insurance costs. Transportation companies in certain countries may also be subject to significant government regulation and oversight, which may adversely affect their businesses. For example, commodity price declines and unit volume reductions resulting from an over-supply of materials used in the industrials sector can adversely affect the sector. Furthermore, companies in the industrials sector may be subject to liability for environmental damage, product liability claims, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control.
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector.  Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Like other technology companies, information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the information technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses. These risks are heightened for information technology companies in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Infrastructure Industry.  Companies in the infrastructure industry may be subject to a variety of factors that could adversely affect their business or operations, including high interest costs in connection with capital construction programs, high degrees of leverage, costs associated with governmental, environmental and other regulations, the effects of economic slowdowns, increased competition from other providers of services, uncertainties concerning costs, the level of government spending on infrastructure projects, and other factors. Infrastructure companies may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, import controls, depletion of resources, technological developments, and labor relations. There is also the risk that corruption may negatively affect publicly funded infrastructure projects, especially in emerging markets, resulting in delays and cost overruns. Infrastructure issuers can be significantly affected by government spending policies because companies involved in this industry rely to a significant extent on U.S. and other government demand for their products.
Infrastructure companies in the oil and gas industry may be adversely affected by government regulation or world events in the regions where the companies operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Infrastructure companies may have significant capital investments in, or engage in transactions involving, emerging market countries, which may heighten these risks.
Operations Risk. The failure of an infrastructure company to carry adequate insurance or to operate its assets appropriately could lead to significant losses. Infrastructure may be adversely affected by environmental clean-up costs and catastrophic events such as earthquakes, hurricanes and terrorist acts.
Customer Risk. Infrastructure companies can be dependent upon a narrow customer base. Additionally, if these customers fail to pay their obligations, significant revenues could be lost and may not be replaceable.
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Regulatory Risk. Infrastructure companies may be subject to significant regulation by various governmental authorities and also may be affected by regulation of rates charged to customers, service interruption due to environmental, operational or other events, the imposition of special tariffs and changes in tax laws, regulatory policies and accounting standards.
Strategic Asset Risk. Infrastructure companies may control significant strategic assets (e.g., major pipelines or highways), which are assets that have a national or regional profile, and may have monopolistic characteristics. Given their national or regional profile or irreplaceable nature, strategic assets could generate additional risk not common in other industry sectors and they may be targeted for terrorist acts or adverse political actions.
Interest Rate Risk. Rising interest rates could result in higher costs of capital for infrastructure companies, which could negatively impact their ability to meet payment obligations.
Leverage Risk. Infrastructure companies can be highly leveraged which increases investments risk and other risks normally associated with debt financing, and could adversely affect an infrastructure company's operations and market value in periods of rising interest rates.
Inflation Risk. Many infrastructure companies may have fixed income streams. Consequently, their market values may decline in times of higher inflation. Additionally, the prices that an infrastructure company is able to charge users of its assets may be linked to inflation, whether by government regulation, contractual arrangement or other factors. In this case, changes in the rate of inflation may affect the company's profitability.
Transportation Risk. The stock prices of companies in the transportation industry group are affected by both supply and demand for their specific product. Government regulation, world events and economic conditions may affect the performance of companies in the transportation industry group.
Oil and Gas Risk. The profitability of oil and gas companies is related to worldwide energy prices, exploration, and production spending.
Utilities Risk. Utilities companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on their profit margins. The rates charged by regulated utility companies are subject to review and limitation by governmental regulatory commissions.
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector.  Companies in the materials sector may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, technical progress, labor relations and government regulations, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control, among other factors. Also, companies in the materials sector are at risk of liability for environmental damage and product liability claims. Production of materials may exceed demand as a result of market imbalances or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns. These risks are heightened for companies in the materials sector located in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Metals and Mining Industry.  Certain of the Funds will invest in securities that are issued by and/or have exposure to, companies primarily involved in the metals and mining industry. Investments in metals and mining industry companies may be speculative and subject to greater price volatility than investments in other types of companies. The profitability of companies in the metals and mining industry is related to, among other things, worldwide metal prices, and extraction and production costs. Worldwide metal prices may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time, so a Fund’s share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. In addition, metals and mining companies may be significantly affected by changes in global demand for certain metals, economic developments, energy conservation, exchange rates, the success of exploration projects, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, and world events in the regions that the companies to which a Fund has exposure operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence and labor unrest). Metals and mining companies may also be subject to the effects of competitive pressures in the metals and mining industry.
Risk of Investing in the Natural Resources Industry.   The profitability of companies in the natural resources industry can be affected by worldwide energy prices, limits on exploration, and production spending. Companies in the natural resources industry are affected by government regulation, world events and economic conditions. Companies in the natural resources industry are at risk for environmental damage claims. Companies in the natural resources industry could be adversely
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affected by commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, imposition of import controls and increased competition. Companies in the natural resources industry may be adversely affected by depletion of natural resources, technological developments, and labor relations.
Risk of Investing in the Oil and Gas Industry.  Companies in the oil and gas industry are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, oil and gas supply and demand, government regulations and policies, oil and gas production and conservation efforts and technological change. The oil and gas industry is cyclical and from time to time may experience a shortage of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies or qualified personnel, or due to significant demand, such services may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. Prices and supplies of oil and gas may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to national and international political changes, OPEC policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economies of key energy-consuming countries. Disruptions in the oil sub-industry or shifts in energy consumption may significantly impact companies in this industry. For instance, significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. In addition, the Middle East, where many companies in the oil and gas industry may operate, has recently seen widespread social unrest. Oil and gas companies operate in a highly competitive industry, with intense price competition. A significant portion of their revenues may depend on a relatively small number of customers, including governmental entities and utilities.
Risk of Investing in the Pharmaceuticals Industry.  Companies in the pharmaceuticals industry are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. The profitability of some companies in the pharmaceuticals industry may be dependent on a relatively limited number of products. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies or other market developments. Many new products in the pharmaceuticals industry are subject to government approvals, regulation and reimbursement rates. The process of obtaining government approvals may be long and costly. Many companies in the pharmaceuticals industry are heavily dependent on patents and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Companies in the pharmaceutical industry may be subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims.
Risk of Investing in the Real Estate Industry Group.  Companies in the real estate industry group include companies that invest in real estate, such as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) or a real estate holding company (collectively, “Real Estate Companies”). Investing in Real Estate Companies exposes investors to the risks of owning real estate directly, as well as to risks that relate specifically to the way in which Real Estate Companies are organized and operated. Real estate is highly sensitive to general and local economic conditions and developments, and characterized by intense competition and periodic overbuilding. Investing in Real Estate Companies involves various risks. Some risks that are specific to Real Estate Companies are discussed in greater detail below.
Interest Rate Risk. Rising interest rates could result in higher costs of capital for Real Estate Companies, which could negatively impact a Real Estate Company’s ability to meet its payment obligations.
Leverage Risk. Real Estate Companies may use leverage (and some may be highly leveraged), which increases investment risk and could adversely affect a Real Estate Company’s operations and market value in periods of rising interest rates. Real Estate Companies are also exposed to the risks normally associated with debt financing. Financial covenants related to a Real Estate Company’s leverage may affect the ability of the Real Estate Company to operate effectively. In addition, real property may be subject to the quality of credit extended and defaults by borrowers and tenants. If the properties do not generate sufficient income to meet operating expenses, including, where applicable, debt service, ground lease payments, tenant improvements, third-party leasing commissions and other capital expenditures, the income and ability of a Real Estate Company to make payments of any interest and principal on its debt securities will be adversely affected.
Property Risk. Real Estate Companies may be subject to risks relating to functional obsolescence or reduced desirability of properties; extended vacancies due to economic conditions and tenant bankruptcies; catastrophic events such as earthquakes, hurricanes and terrorist acts; and casualty or condemnation losses. Real estate income and values also may be greatly affected by demographic trends, such as population shifts or changing tastes and values, or increasing vacancies or declining rents resulting from legal, cultural, technological, global or local economic developments.
Management Risk. Real Estate Companies are dependent upon management skills and may have limited financial resources. Real Estate Companies are generally not diversified and may be subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers
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and self-liquidation. In addition, transactions between Real Estate Companies and their affiliates may be subject to conflicts of interest, which may adversely affect a Real Estate Company’s shareholders. A Real Estate Company may also have joint venture investments in certain of its properties and, consequently, its ability to control decisions relating to such properties may be limited.
Liquidity Risk. Investing in Real Estate Companies may involve risks similar to those associated with investing in small-capitalization companies. Real Estate Company securities, like the securities of smaller capitalization companies, may be more volatile than, and perform differently from, shares of large-capitalization companies. There may be less trading in Real Estate Company shares, which means that buy and sell transactions in those shares could have a magnified impact on share price, resulting in abrupt or erratic price fluctuations. In addition, real estate is relatively illiquid and, therefore, a Real Estate Company may have a limited ability to vary or liquidate properties in response to changes in economic or other conditions.
Concentration Risk. Real Estate Companies may own a limited number of properties and concentrate their investments in a particular geographic region or property type.
U.S. Tax Risk. Certain U.S. Real Estate Companies are subject to special U.S. federal tax requirements. A REIT that fails to comply with such tax requirements may be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, which may affect the value of the REIT and the characterization of the REIT’s distributions. The U.S. federal tax requirement that a REIT distribute substantially all of its net income to its shareholders may result in a REIT having insufficient capital for future expenditures.
Regulatory Risk. Real estate income and values may be adversely affected by such factors as applicable domestic and foreign laws (including tax laws). Government actions, such as tax increases, zoning law changes or environmental regulations, also may have a major impact on real estate.
Risk of Investing in the Technology Industry Group.  Technology companies are characterized by periodic new product introductions, innovations and evolving industry standards, and, as a result, face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Companies in the technology industry group are often smaller and less experienced companies and may be subject to greater risks than larger companies, such as limited product lines, markets and financial and managerial resources; these risks may be heightened for technology companies in foreign markets. Technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, changes in consumer and business purchasing patterns, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. In addition, a rising interest rate environment tends to negatively affect companies in the technology industry group because, in such an environment, those companies with high market valuations may appear less attractive to investors, which may cause sharp decreases in the companies’ market prices. Companies in the technology industry group are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. The technology industry group may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced or characterized by unpredictable factors. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the technology industry group may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector.  The telecommunications sector of an economy is often subject to extensive government regulation. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failure to receive required regulatory approvals, or the enactment of new adverse regulatory requirements may negatively affect the business of the telecommunications companies. Government actions around the world, specifically in the area of pre-marketing clearance of products and prices, can be arbitrary and unpredictable. Companies in the telecommunications sector may experience distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in formulating new products and services using new technology. Technological innovations may make the products and services of telecommunications companies obsolete. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the telecommunications sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Timber and Forestry Industry.  The market value of timber and forestry companies may be negatively affected by events occurring in nature and by international and local politics. Natural disasters such as wild fires, volcanic eruptions, flooding, and severe weather conditions may affect the output of timber and timber-related products, and
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demand for timber and timber-related products in the U.S. and internationally may decrease due to new or changed tariffs, quotas or trade agreements. Rising interest rates or unfavorable economic conditions could also negatively affect the prices of or demand for timber and timber-related products.
Risk of Investing in the Transportation Industry Group.  Issuers in the transportation industry group can be significantly affected by economic changes, fuel prices, labor relations, technology developments, exchange rates, industry competition, and insurance costs. Transportation companies in certain countries may also be subject to significant government regulation and oversight, which may adversely affect their businesses. Other risk factors that may affect transportation companies include the risk of increases in fuel and other operating costs and the effects of regulatory changes or other government decisions. Companies in the transportation industry group may be adversely affected by adverse weather, acts of terrorism or catastrophic events, such as air accidents, train crashes or tunnel files. Companies in the transportation industry group may also be subject to the risk of widespread disruption of technology systems and increasing equipment and operational costs.
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector.  Investments in utility companies involve special considerations, including the risk of changing commodity prices, government regulation stipulating rates charged by utilities, increased tariffs, changes in tax laws, interest rate fluctuations and changes in the cost of providing specific utility services. The utilities industry is also subject to potential terrorist attacks, natural disasters and severe weather conditions, as well as regulatory and operational burdens associated with the operation and maintenance of nuclear facilities. Government regulators monitor and control utility revenues and costs, and therefore may limit utility profits. In certain countries, regulatory authorities may also restrict a company’s access to new markets, thereby diminishing the company’s long-term prospects.
There are substantial differences among the regulatory practices and policies of various jurisdictions, and any regulatory agency may make major shifts in policy from time to time. There is no assurance that regulatory authorities will, in the future, grant rate increases or that such increases will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on common stocks issued by a utility company. Additionally, existing and possible future regulatory legislation may make it even more difficult for utilities to obtain adequate relief. Certain of the issuers of securities held in a Fund’s portfolio may own or operate nuclear generating facilities. Governmental authorities may from time to time review existing policies and impose additional requirements governing the licensing, construction and operation of nuclear power plants. Prolonged changes in climatic conditions can also have a significant impact on both the revenues of an electric and gas utility as well as the expenses of a utility, particularly a hydro-based electric utility.
The rates that traditional regulated utility companies may charge their customers generally are subject to review and limitation by governmental regulatory commissions. Due to political and regulatory factors, rate changes ordinarily occur only following a delay after the changes in financing costs or may not occur at all. This will tend to favorably affect a regulated utility company’s earnings and dividends in times of decreasing costs, but conversely, will tend to adversely affect earnings and dividends when costs are rising. The value of regulated utility debt securities (and, to a lesser extent, equity securities) tends to have an inverse relationship to the movement of interest rates. Certain utility companies have experienced full or partial deregulation in recent years. These utility companies are frequently more similar to industrial companies in that they are subject to greater competition and have been permitted by regulators to diversify outside of their original geographic regions and their traditional lines of business. As a result, some companies may be forced to defend their core business and may be less profitable.
Proxy Voting Policy
The Trust has adopted, as its proxy voting policies for each Fund, the proxy voting guidelines of BFA, the investment adviser to each Fund. The Trust has delegated to BFA the responsibility for voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by each Fund. The remainder of this section discusses each Fund’s proxy voting guidelines and BFA’s role in implementing such guidelines.
BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies for each Fund in a manner that BFA, in the exercise of its independent business judgment, concludes is in the best economic interests of such Fund. In some cases, BFA may determine that it is in the best economic interests of a Fund to refrain from exercising the Fund’s proxy voting rights (such as, for example, proxies on certain non-U.S. securities that might impose costly or time-consuming in-person voting requirements). With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, BFA’s approach is also driven by each Fund's economic interests. The evaluation of the economic desirability of recalling loans involves balancing the revenue-producing value of loans against
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the likely economic value of casting votes. Based on our evaluation of this relationship, we believe that the likely economic value of casting a vote generally is less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by BFA recalling loaned securities in order to ensure they are voted. Periodically, BFA analyzes the process and benefits of voting proxies for securities on loan, and will consider whether any modification of its proxy voting policies or procedures are necessary in light of any regulatory changes. BFA will normally vote on specific proxy issues in accordance with its proxy voting guidelines. BFA’s proxy voting guidelines provide detailed guidance as to how to vote proxies on certain important or commonly raised issues. BFA may, in the exercise of its business judgment, conclude that the proxy voting guidelines do not cover the specific matter upon which a proxy vote is requested, or that an exception to the proxy voting guidelines would be in the best economic interests of a Fund. BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of such issuer) to a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates, or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates. When voting proxies, BFA attempts to encourage issuers to follow practices that enhance shareholder value and increase transparency and allow the market to place a proper value on their assets. With respect to certain specific issues:
Each Fund generally supports the board’s nominees in the election of directors and generally supports proposals that strengthen the independence of boards of directors;
Each Fund generally does not support proposals on social issues that lack a demonstrable economic benefit to the issuer and the Fund investing in such issuer; and
Each Fund generally votes against anti-takeover proposals and proposals that would create additional barriers or costs to corporate transactions that are likely to deliver a premium to shareholders.
BFA maintains institutional policies and procedures that are designed to prevent any relationship between the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of the issuer) and a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates (if any) or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates, from having undue influence on BFA’s proxy voting activity. In certain instances, BFA may determine to engage an independent fiduciary to vote proxies as a further safeguard against potential conflicts of interest or as otherwise required by applicable law. The independent fiduciary may either vote such proxies or provide BFA with instructions as to how to vote such proxies. In the latter case, BFA votes the proxy in accordance with the independent fiduciary’s determination.
Information with respect to how BFA voted proxies relating to the Funds' portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30 will be available: (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or through the Funds' website at www.iShares.com; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio holdings information that requires that such information be disclosed in a manner that: (i) is consistent with applicable legal requirements and in the best interests of each Fund’s shareholders; (ii) does not put the interests of BFA, the Distributor or any affiliated person of BFA or the Distributor, above those of Fund shareholders; (iii) does not advantage any current or prospective Fund shareholders over any other current or prospective Fund shareholders, except to the extent that certain Entities (as described below) may receive portfolio holdings information not available to other current or prospective Fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units, as discussed below; and (iv) does not provide selective access to portfolio holdings information except pursuant to the procedures outlined below and to the extent appropriate confidentiality arrangements limiting the use of such information are in effect. The “Entities” referred to in sub-section (iii) above are generally limited to National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) members, subscribers to various fee-based subscription services, large institutional investors (known as “Authorized Participants”) that have been authorized by the Distributor to purchase and redeem large blocks of shares pursuant to legal requirements and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information services.
Each business day, each Fund's portfolio holdings information will be provided to the Distributor or other agent for dissemination through the facilities of the NSCC and/or other fee-based subscription services to NSCC members and/or subscribers to those other fee-based subscription services, including Authorized Participants, and to entities that publish and/or analyze such information in connection with the process of purchasing or redeeming Creation Units or trading shares of the Funds in the secondary market. This information typically reflects each Fund’s anticipated holdings on the following business day.
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Daily access to information concerning the Funds' portfolio holdings is permitted (i) to certain personnel of those service providers that are involved in portfolio management and providing administrative, operational, risk management, or other support to portfolio management, including affiliated broker-dealers and Authorized Participants; and (ii) to other personnel of the Funds' investment adviser and the Distributor, administrator, custodian and fund accountant who deal directly with or assist in, functions related to investment management, distribution, administration, custody and fund accounting, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with agreements with the Funds and the terms of the Funds' current registration statements. In addition, each Fund discloses its portfolio holdings and the percentages they represent of the Fund's net assets at least monthly, and as often as each day the Fund is open for business, at www.iShares.com. More information about this disclosure is available at www.iShares.com.
Portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds in the ordinary course of business after it has been disseminated to the NSCC. From time to time, information concerning portfolio holdings other than portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds, including rating or ranking organizations, in the ordinary course of business, no earlier than one business day following the date of the information.
Each Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings schedule in public filings with the SEC within 70 days after the end of each fiscal quarter and will provide that information to shareholders as required by federal securities laws and regulations thereunder. A Fund may, however, voluntarily disclose all or part of its portfolio holdings other than in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, in advance of required filings with the SEC, provided that such information is made generally available to all shareholders and other interested parties in a manner that is consistent with the above policy for disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Such information may be made available through a publicly-available website or other means that make the information available to all likely interested parties contemporaneously.
The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information pursuant to the above policy and procedures.
The Board reviews the policy and procedures for disclosure of portfolio holdings information at least annually.
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes
Descriptions of the Underlying Indexes are provided below.
CNX Nifty IndexTM
Number of Components: 50
Index Description. The CNX Nifty IndexTM is designed to measure the equity performance of the top 50 companies by free float market capitalization whose equity securities trade in the Indian securities markets that are available to international investors on the NSE. The securities in the Underlying Index are free float market capitalization-weighted so that securities with higher total free float market capitalization have a larger representation in the Underlying Index.
Index Committee. India Index Services & Products Ltd. (“IISL”), a joint venture between the National Stock Exchange of India Ltd. (“NSE”) and CRISIL Ltd., are primarily rules-based and monitored by a governing committee.
IISL has constituted an Index Policy Committee that is involved in the policy and guidelines for managing indices. The Index Maintenance Subcommittee takes all decisions on additions and deletions of companies in indices.
Index Maintenance. Changes in the CNX Nifty IndexTM level reflect changes in the total market capitalization of the CNX Nifty IndexTM which are caused by stock price movements in the market. They do not reflect changes in the market capitalization of the CNX Nifty IndexTM, or of the individual stocks, that are caused by corporate actions such as dividend payments, stock splits and distributions. When a stock is replaced by another stock within the CNX Nifty IndexTM, the index divisor is adjusted so the change in CNX Nifty IndexTM market value that results from the addition and deletion does not change the index level.
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Index Availability. The CNX Nifty IndexTM is calculated continuously and is available from major data vendors. For purposes of reporting performance of the Fund, the Index Provider will also make available to the Fund CNX Nifty IndexTM values in U.S. dollars on an end of day basis by applying a foreign exchange rate calculation to the CNX Nifty IndexTM as determined by the Index Provider.
Component Selection Criteria. In addition to domicile within India and a listing on the NSE, component security selection decisions include the following criteria:
1. Liquidity. For inclusion in the CNX Nifty IndexTM, the security must have traded at an average impact cost of 0.50% or less during the last six months, for 90% of the observations for a basket size of 20 million Indian Rupees.
a. Impact cost is the cost of executing a transaction in a security in proportion to the weight of its free float market capitalization against the index market capitalization at any time. This is the percentage mark-up suffered while buying/selling the desired quantity of a security compared to its ideal price(best buy + best sell)/2.
2. Shares Outstanding. Companies eligible for inclusion in the CNX Nifty IndexTM must have at least 10% of its stock available to investors (float). For this purpose, float shall mean stocks which are not held by the promoters and associated entities (where identifiable) of such companies.
3. Other Variables. A company newly-listed on the NSE will be eligible for inclusion in the index following its initial public offering of shares if it fulfills the normal eligibility criteria for the CNX Nifty IndexTMimpact cost, market capitalization and floating stockfor a three-month period instead of a six-month period.
The S&P Indexes
Component Selection Criteria for Domestic Indexes. The S&P Dow Jones Index Committee is responsible for the overall management of the S&P Dow Jones Indices (“S&P Dow Jones Indices”). Issuers (i.e., the “components”) selected for the S&P U.S. Indexes represent a broad range of industry segments within the U.S. economy. The starting universe of publicly traded U.S. issuers classified by the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS®) is screened to eliminate ADRs, mutual funds, limited partnerships, royalty trusts, certain holding issuers, OTC bulletin board issues, pink sheet-listed issues, closed-end funds, ETFs and tracking stocks. REITs, except for mortgage REITs, are eligible for inclusion in the Indexes. The stock of each constituent must trade on either the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), the NYSE Amex Equities or on NASDAQ. Additionally, only one share class per constituent will be included in an Index. The share class is selected by S&P and is generally defined as the largest, most liquid share class. Issuers with multiple share classes will have the classes combined for purposes of calculation of market capitalization. The following criteria are then analyzed to determine an issuer’s eligibility for inclusion in the S&P Indexes: (i) ownership of an issuer’s outstanding common stock, in order to screen out closely held issuers; (ii) trading volume of an issuer’s shares, in order to ensure ample liquidity and efficient share pricing; and (iii) the financial and operating condition of an issuer.
The S&P Dow Jones Indices are capitalization-weighted, based on the following formula: number of outstanding shares of a constituent (as determined by the float-adjusted market capitalization using S&P’s methodology) multiplied by the constituent’s share price. Issuers with float-adjusted market capitalizations below certain thresholds are not eligible for the Indexes. In addition, the market capitalization of an issuer eligible for inclusion typically must be greater than the Index’s minimum market capitalization at the time it is being considered for Index inclusion. The market capitalizations of an Index’s constituents are adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events. The market capitalizations of an Index’s constituent are adjusted for all strategic holdings, including private, corporate, and government holdings.
Component Selection Criteria for International Indexes. Stocks are eligible for the S&P Global Indices if they meet criteria for size, liquidity, profitability, and sector and market representation. Each of the S&P Global Indices is balanced across country and sector weights in the region/market. The S&P Global Indices begin with an eligible investable universe of stocks covering approximately 95% of each country’s total market capitalization. In some cases, the S&P Global Indexes may include ADRs and GDRs. Stocks with relatively small market capitalization or insufficient liquidity are excluded by S&P. To identify a candidate pool for index constituent selection, all stocks are carefully examined using a set of general criteria. The specific securities are then screened for industry sector classification; thus, the eligible securities are ranked according to GICS. Then, the Index components, now determined, are weighted on the basis of S&P’s float-adjusted, market capitalization methodology. Generally, S&P observes a prospective constituent’s liquidity over a period of at least six months before consideration for inclusion. However, there may be extraordinary situations when issuers should be added immediately (e.g.,
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certain privatizations). When a particular issuer dominates its home market, it may be excluded from an Index if analysis of the sectors reveals that its securities are not as liquid as those of similar issuers in other countries. Once a year, the float adjustments will be reviewed and potentially changed based on such review. The values of an Index’s constituents are adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events. The market capitalization of index constituent issuers is adjusted for all strategic holdings, including private, corporate, and government holdings.
With respect to the non-U.S. components of the S&P Global Indexes, the eligible universe of index components that are considered for inclusion are from the following S&P Dow Jones Indices: (i) the S&P/TSX 60 (Toronto Stock Exchange), which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks of the publicly listed issuers in the Canadian equities market; (ii) the S&P/TOPIX 150 (Tokyo Stock Exchange) which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks of the publicly-listed issuers in the Japanese equities market; (iii) S&P/ASX All-Australian 50 Index (Australian Stock Exchange), which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks in the Australian equities market; (iv) the S&P Asia 50, which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks of four major equities markets in Asia (Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore); (v) the S&P Latin America 40, which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks from major sectors of the Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Chilé equity markets; and (vi) the S&P Europe 350, which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks of the publicly listed issuers in the region, covering approximately 70% of the region’s market capitalization.
Issue Changes. General oversight responsibility for the S&P Dow Jones Indices, including overall policy guidelines and methodology, is handled by the S&P Global Index Committee. Maintenance of component investments, including additions and deletions to these investments, is the responsibility of separate regional index committees composed of S&P staff specialized in the various regional equity markets and, in some cases, with the assistance of local stock exchanges. Public announcements of index changes as the result of committee decisions will generally be made two business days in advance of the anticipated effective date whenever possible, although for exceptional corporate events announcements may be made earlier.
Index Maintenance. Maintaining the S&P Dow Jones Indices includes monitoring and completing the adjustments for issuer additions and deletions, share changes, stock splits, stock dividends, and stock price adjustments due to restructuring and spin-offs. An issuer will be removed from the S&P Dow Jones Indices as a result of mergers/acquisitions, bankruptcy, or restructuring. An issuer is removed from the relevant index as close as possible to the actual date on which the event occurred. An issuer can be removed from an index because it no longer meets current criteria for inclusion and/or is no longer representative of its industry group. All replacement issuers are selected based on the above component section criteria.
When calculating index weights, individual constituents’ shares held by governments, corporations, strategic partners, or other control groups are excluded from the issuer’s shares outstanding. Shares owned by other issuers are also excluded regardless of whether they are index constituents. In countries with regulated environments, where a foreign investment limit exists at the sector or issuer level, the constituent’s weight will reflect either the foreign investment limit or the percentage float, whichever is the more restrictive.
Each issuer’s financial statements will be used to update the major shareholders’ ownership. However, during the course of the year, S&P also monitors each issuer’s Investable Weight Factor (“IWF”) which is S& P’s term for the mathematical float factor used to calculate the float adjustment. If a change in IWF is caused by a major corporate action (i.e., privatization, merger, takeover, or share offering) and the change equal to or greater than 5%, a float adjustment will be implemented as soon as reasonably possible.
Changes in the number of shares outstanding driven by corporate events such as stock dividends, splits, and rights issues will be adjusted on the ex-date. Share changes of 5% or greater are implemented when they occur. Share changes of less than 5% are only updated on a quarterly basis on the Friday near the end of the calendar quarter. Generally, index changes due to rebalancing are announced two days before the effective date by way of a news release posted on www.indices.standardandpoors.com.
Index Availability. The S&P Indexes are calculated continuously and are available from major data vendors.
Exchange Rates. S&P uses the WM/Reuters Closing Spot Rates taken at 4:00 p.m. London time for the following funds: iShares Global Materials ETF, iShares Global Tech ETF and iShares Latin America 40 ETF. Prior to January 2013, S&P used a different exchange rate calculation for these funds (with the exception of iShares Asia 50 ETF). In case WM/Reuters does not
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provide rates for specific markets on given days (for example, Christmas Day and New Year’s Day), the previous business day’s rates are normally used. S&P independently monitors the exchange rates on all its indexes. S&P may under exceptional circumstances elect to use alternative sources of exchange rates if the WM/Reuters rates are not available, or if S&P determines that the WM/Reuters rates are not reflective of market circumstances for a given currency on a particular day.
S&P Asia 50TM
Number of Components: approximately 50
Index Description. The S&P Asia 50TM is a total float-adjusted, market capitalization-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of the 50 leading companies listed in four Asian countries or regions: Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. The S&P Asia 50TM generally has representation from each of the ten sectors of the GICS.
S&P Emerging Markets Infrastructure IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 30
Index Description. The S&P Emerging Markets Infrastructure IndexTM is designed to track the performance of 30 of the largest publicly listed companies in the infrastructure industry in emerging markets.
S&P Global 1200 Materials Sector IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 115
Index Description. The S&P Global 1200 Materials Sector IndexTM measures the performance of companies that S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC (“S&P”), a subsidiary of McGraw-Hill Financial, Inc. deems to be part of the materials sector of the economy and that S&P believes are important to global markets. It is a subset of the S&P Global 1200TM. Component companies include those companies engaged in a wide variety of commodity-related manufacturing and mining activities.
S&P Global 1200 Information Technology Sector IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 111
Index Description. The S&P Global 1200 Information Technology Sector IndexTM measures the performance of companies S&P deems to be part of the information technology sector of the economy and that S&P believes are important to global markets. The market capitalization of index constituent companies is adjusted for all strategic holdings, including private, corporate and government holdings. The Underlying Index is a subset of the S&P Global 1200TM. The Underlying Index is adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events.
S&P Global Timber & Forestry IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 24
Index Description. The S&P Global Timber & Forestry IndexTM is comprised of approximately 24 of the largest publicly-traded companies engaged in the ownership, management or upstream supply chain of forests and timberlands. These include forest products companies, timber REITs, paper products companies, paper packaging companies, and agricultural product companies.
S&P Latin America 40TM
Number of Components: approximately 40
Index Description. The S&P Latin America 40TM is comprised of selected equities trading on the exchanges of five Latin American countries and includes securities that S&P considers to be highly liquid from major economic sectors of the Mexican and South American equity markets. Companies from Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Chilé are represented in the Underlying Index and mirror the sector weights of the broader universe of stocks from the five markets. Similarly, the Underlying Index mirrors the country weights of the five markets within that same universe of stocks.
Investment Limitations
Each Fund has adopted its investment objective as a non-fundamental investment policy. Therefore, each Fund may change its investment objective and its Underlying Index without shareholder approval. The Board has adopted as fundamental
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policies the following numbered investment restrictions, which cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities. A vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a fund meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy and (b) more than 50% of outstanding voting securities of the fund.
The iShares Global Tech ETF and iShares Latin America 40 ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue “senior securities” as defined in the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and orders thereunder, except as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and orders thereunder.
4. Make loans. This restriction does not apply to: (i) the purchase of debt obligations in which each Fund may invest consistent with its investment objectives and policies; (ii) repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements; and (iii) loans of its portfolio securities, to the fullest extent permitted under the 1940 Act.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act in disposing of portfolio securities.
The iShares Global Materials ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries), except that the Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
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6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act in disposing of portfolio securities.
Each of the iShares Asia 50 ETF, iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF, iShares India 50 ETF and iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities; and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by any regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from investing in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or securities or other instruments backed by real estate or mortgages), or commodities or commodity contracts (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies set forth above, each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental policy not to invest in the securities of a company for the purpose of exercising management or control, or purchase or otherwise acquire any illiquid security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, which currently permits up to 15% of each Fund’s net assets to be invested in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment).
BFA monitors the liquidity of restricted securities in each Fund’s portfolio. In reaching liquidity decisions, BFA considers the following factors:
The frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
The number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers;
Dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
The nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace in which it trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer).
If any percentage restriction described above is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in values of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction, except that certain percentage limitations will be observed continuously in accordance with applicable law.
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy in accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of the Underlying Index or in Depositary Receipts representing securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund also has adopted a policy to provide its shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior written notice of any change in such policy. If, subsequent to an investment, the 80% requirement is no longer met, a Fund’s future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Fund into compliance with this policy.
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Each Fund (except the iShares India 50 ETF) has adopted a non-fundamental limitation such that, under normal market conditions, any borrowings by the Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund's net assets.
Each Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. As a matter of policy, however, a Fund will not purchase shares of any registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust, in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) (the “fund of funds” provisions) of the 1940 Act, at any time the Fund has knowledge that its shares are purchased by another investment company investor in reliance on the provisions of subparagraph (G) of Section 12(d)(1).
Continuous Offering
The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Funds on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares and sells such shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act must take into account all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.
Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to shares of the Funds are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the 1933 Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the 1933 Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Listing Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Listing Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is available only with respect to transactions on an exchange.
Management
Trustees and Officers.  The Board has responsibility for the overall management and operations of the Funds, including general supervision of the duties performed by BFA and other service providers. Each Trustee serves until he or she resigns, is removed, dies, retires or becomes incapacitated. The President, Chief Compliance Officer, Treasurer and Secretary shall each hold office until their successors are chosen and qualify, and all other officers shall hold office until he or she resigns or is removed. Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust are referred to as independent trustees (“Independent Trustees”).
The registered investment companies advised by BFA or its affiliates are organized into one complex of closed-end funds, two complexes of open-end funds and one complex of exchange-traded funds (“Exchange-Traded Fund Complex”) (each, a “BlackRock Fund Complex”). Each Fund is included in the BlackRock Fund Complex referred to as the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. Each Trustee also serves as a Director of iShares, Inc., a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and, as a result, oversees a total of 298 funds within the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. With the exception of Robert S. Kapito, the address of each Trustee and officer is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. The address of Mr. Kapito is c/o BlackRock, Inc., Park Avenue Plaza, 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055. The Board has designated Robert H. Silver as its Independent Chairman. Additional information about the Funds' Trustees and officers may be found in this SAI, which is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737).
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Interested Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert S. Kapito1
(56)
  Trustee
(since 2009).
  President and Director, BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006); Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc. and Head of BlackRock’s Portfolio Management Group (since its formation in 1998) and BlackRock’s predecessor entities (since 1988); Trustee, University of Pennsylvania (since 2009); President of Board of Directors, Hope & Heroes Children’s Cancer Fund (since 2002); President of the Board of Directors, Periwinkle Theatre for Youth (since 1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2009); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of BlackRock, Inc. (since 2007).
Michael Latham2
(47)
  Trustee
(since 2010);
President
(since 2007).
  Chairman of iShares, BlackRock (since 2011); Global Chief Executive Officer of iShares, BlackRock (2010-2011); Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Americas iShares, Barclays Global Investors (“BGI”) (2007-2009); Director and Chief Financial Officer of Barclays Global Investors International, Inc. (2005-2009); Chief Operating Officer of the Intermediary Investor and Exchange-Traded Products Business of BGI (2003-2007).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2010); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).

1 Robert S. Kapito is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc.
2 Michael Latham is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates.
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Independent Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert H. Silver
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2007); Independent Chairman
(since 2012).
  President and Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group, Inc. (since 2006); Director and Vice Chairman of the YMCA of Greater NYC (2001-2011); Broadway Producer (2006-2011); Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. (since 2008); Director and Member of the Audit and Compensation Committee of EPAM Systems, Inc. (2006-2009); President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.) (2003-2005) and various executive positions with UBS and its affiliates (1988-2005); CPA and Audit Manager of KPMG, LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) (1977-1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2007); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Independent Chairman of iShares, Inc., iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2012).
George G.C. Parker
(74)
  Trustee
(since 2000).
  Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (Professor since 1973; Emeritus since 2006).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2002); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Tejon Ranch Company (since 1999); Director of Threshold Pharmaceuticals (since 2004); Director of Colony Financial, Inc. (since 2009); Director of First Republic Bank (since 2010).
John E. Martinez
(52)
  Trustee
(since 2003);
Securities Lending Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.) (since 2005).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2003); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Cecilia H. Herbert
(64)
  Trustee
(since 2005); Nominating and Governance Committee Chair and Equity Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director (since 1998) and President (2007-2011) of the Board of Directors, Catholic Charities CYO; Trustee (2002-2011) and Chair of the Finance and Investment Committee (2006-2010) the Thacher School; Member (since 1994) and Chair (1994-2005) of the Investment Committee, Archdiocese of San Francisco; Trustee and Member of the Investment Committee, WNET, the New York public broadcasting company (since 2011).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Forward Funds (34 portfolios) (since 2009).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Charles A. Hurty
(69)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Audit Committee Chair
(since 2006).
  Retired; Partner, KPMG LLP (1968-2001).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund (1 portfolio) (since 2002); Director of SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (2 portfolios) (since 2002).
John E. Kerrigan
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Fixed Income Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University (since 2002).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Madhav V. Rajan
(48)
  Trustee
(since 2011);
15(c) Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting and Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Head of MBA Program, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (since 2001); Professor of Law (by courtesy), Stanford Law School (since 2005); Visiting Professor, University of Chicago (2007-2008).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2011);
Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2011); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Officers
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Jack Gee
(53)
  Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(since 2008).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Senior Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2009); Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2004-2009).
Eilleen M. Clavere
(61)
  Secretary
(since 2007).
  Director of Global Fund Administration, BlackRock (since 2009); Director of Legal Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2006-2009); Legal Counsel and Vice President of Atlas Funds, Atlas Advisers, Inc. and Atlas Securities, Inc. (2005-2006); Counsel of Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP (2001-2005).
Edward B. Baer
(44)
  Vice President and Chief Legal Officer
(since 2012).
  Managing Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (since 2006); Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (2004-2006).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Scott Radell
(44)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2012).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BGI (2007-2009); Credit Portfolio Manager, BGI (2005-2007); Credit Research Analyst, BGI (2003-2005).
Amy Schioldager
(50)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2007).
  Senior Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Global Head of Index Equity, BGI (2008-2009); Global Head of U.S. Indexing, BGI (2006-2008); Head of Domestic Equity Portfolio Management, BGI (2001-2006).
Ira P. Shapiro
(50)
  Vice President
(since 2007).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Strategic Product Initiatives for iShares (since 2012); Chief Legal Officer, Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (2007-2012); Associate General Counsel, BGI (2004-2009).
The Board has concluded that, based on each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, each Trustee should serve as a Trustee of the Board. Among the attributes common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Funds' investment adviser, other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. A Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively may have been attained through the Trustee’s educational background or professional training; business, consulting, public service or academic positions; experience from service as a Board member of the Funds and the other funds in the Trust (and any predecessor funds), other investment funds, public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. Also, set forth below is a brief discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Trustee that led the Board to conclude that he or she should serve as a Trustee.
Robert Kapito has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2009. Mr. Kapito has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2009, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and a Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2007. In addition, he has over 20 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Mr. Kapito serves as President and Director of BlackRock, Inc., and is the Chairman of the Operating Committee, a member of the Office of the Chairman, the Leadership Committee and the Corporate Council. He is responsible for day-to-day oversight of BlackRock's key operating units, including the Account Management and Portfolio Management Groups, Real Estate Group and BlackRock Solutions®. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in 2007, Mr. Kapito served as Head of BlackRock's Portfolio Management Group. In that role, he was responsible for overseeing all portfolio management within BlackRock, including the Fixed Income, Equity, Liquidity, and Alternative Investment Groups. Mr. Kapito serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. He has also been President of the Board of Directors for the Hope & Heroes Children's Cancer Fund since 2002 and President of the Board of Directors for Periwinkle Theatre for Youth, a national non-profit arts-in-education organization, since 1983. Mr. Kapito earned a BS degree in economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979, and an MBA degree from Harvard Business School in 1983.
Michael Latham has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2010 and President of the Trust since 2007. Mr. Latham served as Principal Financial Officer of the Trust from 2002 until 2007. Mr. Latham has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2010, President of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Principal Financial Officer of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2007, a Director and President of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, and a Trustee and President of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. Mr.
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Latham is the Chairman of BlackRock’s iShares exchange-traded fund business. In addition, he has over 15 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in September 2011, he was the global head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business. Prior to April 2009, he was head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business for the United States and Canada, and Chief Operating Officer for the U.S. iShares business. He previously held a variety of operating positions within the firm. Mr. Latham earned a BS degree in business administration from California State University at San Francisco in 1988.
Robert H. Silver has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2007 and Chairman of the Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Chairman of iShares, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chairman of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chairman of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver is President and a Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group Inc., a firm dedicated to advising and investing in emerging business enterprises and to supporting philanthropic activities that benefit under-served urban youth. Previously, Mr. Silver served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.), the registered broker dealer comprising the Wealth Management USA business unit of UBS AG, including the following responsibilities: President of Paine Webber Services, Director of Retail Products and Marketing, Director of Private Client Group Branch Offices, Director of Finance and Controls for Paine Webber, Inc. and Chief Administrative Officer for Paine Webber Private Client Group. Mr. Silver also served on the Board of Directors of EPAM Systems, Inc., a provider of software engineering outsourcing services in Central and Eastern Europe, served on the Board and Executive Committee of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), chaired the National Securities Clearing Corporations’ Membership and Risk Committee and served as Governor of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. In addition, Mr. Silver was a Vice Chairman and a Member of the Board of Directors for the YMCA of Greater New York and chaired its Fund Development Committee from 2001 until 2011 and Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. since 2008. Mr. Silver began his career as a CPA and Audit Manager at KPMG LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) from 1977 until 1983. Mr. Silver has a BS degree in business administration from the University of North Carolina.
George G.C. Parker has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2000. Mr. Parker served as Chair of the Trust's Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Trustee of the Trust from 2006 until 2010 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2002 until 2010. Mr. Parker has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2002, Chair of iShares, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Director of iShares, Inc. from 2006 until 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2010, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Parker also serves as Director on four other boards. Mr. Parker is the Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He teaches courses in Corporate Finance in the MBA Program, Stanford Sloan Program for Executives, and in various other Executive Education Programs at Stanford University. Mr. Parker's teaching and research interests are primarily in the field of corporate finance, management of financial institutions, and corporate governance, and he has written numerous case studies related to these subjects. He has also authored several articles on capital structure, risk management, and corporate valuation. Mr. Parker previously served as a Director of Continental Airlines and a Director of NETGEAR, Inc. Mr. Parker holds MBA and Ph.D. degrees from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.
John E. Martinez has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2003 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2003, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez is a Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.), providing governance oversight and consulting services to this privately held firm that develops products and strategies for homeowners in managing the equity in their homes. Mr. Martinez previously served as Director of Barclays Global Investors (BGI) UK Holdings, where he provided governance oversight representing BGI’s shareholders (Barclays PLC, BGI management shareholders) through oversight of BGI’s worldwide activities. Mr. Martinez also previously served as Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Global Index and Markets Group of BGI, Chairman of Barclays Global Investor Services and Chief Executive Officer of the Capital Markets Group of BGI. Since 2003, he is a Director and Executive Committee Member for Larkin Street Youth Services, providing governance oversight and strategy development to an agency that provides emergency and transitional housing, healthcare, education, job and life skills training to homeless youth. Mr. Martinez has an AB degree in economics from The University of California, Berkeley and holds an MBA degree in finance and statistics from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
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Cecilia H. Herbert has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Ms. Herbert has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. She is Director of the Board of the Catholic Charities CYO, one of the Bay Area’s largest private social services organizations serving the homeless, poor, aged, families, children and AIDS/HIV victims, on which she has served since 1998. Ms. Herbert is a member of the Investment Committee of the Archdiocese of San Francisco since 1992, which she chaired from 1994 to 2005. She has served on numerous non-profit boards. Ms. Herbert is also a Director and Advisory Board Member since 2009 of the Forward Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as a Trustee for the Pacific Select Funds and The Montgomery Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as Managing Director of J.P. Morgan/Morgan Guaranty Trust Company responsible for product development, marketing and credit for U.S. multinational corporations and as head of its San Francisco office and as Assistant Vice President, Signet Banking Corporation. Ms. Herbert has a BA degree in economics and communications from Stanford University and an MBA degree in finance from Harvard Business School.
Charles A. Hurty has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Trust since 2006. Mr. Hurty has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2006, a Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010 and a Trustee and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. In addition, Mr. Hurty serves as Director of the GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund since 2002, Director of the SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (formerly, Citigroup Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC) since 2002 and was a Director of the CSFB Alternative Investment Funds from 2005 to December 2009, when the funds were liquidated. Mr. Hurty was formerly a Partner at KPMG, LLP from 1968 to 2001. Mr. Hurty has a BS degree in accounting from the University of Kansas.
John E. Kerrigan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Kerrigan served as Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2010 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan serves as Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University since 2002. Mr. Kerrigan was formerly a Managing Director at Merrill Lynch & Co., including the following responsibilities: Global Manager of Institutional Client Division eCommerce, Global Manager of Technology Specialists Sales and Chair, Performance Measurement, Evaluation & Compensation Task Force. Mr. Kerrigan is a Trustee, since 2008, of Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton, CA, and Director, since 1999, of The BASIC Fund (Bay Area Scholarships for Inner City Children). Mr. Kerrigan has a BA degree from Boston College and is a Chartered Financial Analyst.
Madhav V. Rajan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan is the Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He has taught accounting for over 20 years to undergraduate, MBA and law students, as well as to senior executives. Mr. Rajan serves as the Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and head of the MBA Program at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Rajan served as editor of “The Accounting Review” from 2002 to 2008 and is co-author of “Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis,” a leading cost accounting textbook. Mr. Rajan holds MS, MBA and Ph.D. degrees in accounting from Carnegie Mellon University.
Board – Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities
Overall responsibility for oversight of the Funds rests with the Board. The Board has engaged BFA to manage the Funds on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing BFA and other service providers in the operations of the Funds in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The Board is currently composed of nine members, seven of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board currently conducts
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regular meetings four times a year. In addition, the Board frequently holds special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees meet regularly outside the presence of management, in executive session or with other service providers to the Trust.
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board has established six standing Committees: a Nominating and Governance Committee, an Audit Committee, a 15(c) Committee, a Securities Lending Committee, an Equity Plus Committee and a Fixed Income Plus Committee to assist the Board in the oversight and direction of the business and affairs of the Funds, and from time to time may establish ad-hoc committees or informal working groups to review and address the policies and practices of the Funds with respect to certain specified matters. The Chair of each standing Committee is an Independent Trustee. The role of the Chair of each Committee is to preside at all meetings of the Committee and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys and other Trustees between meetings. Each Committee meets regularly to conduct the oversight functions delegated to the Committee by the Board and reports its finding to the Board. The Board and each standing Committee conduct annual assessments of their oversight function and structure. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise independent judgment over management and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees of Independent Trustees and the full Board to enhance effective oversight.
Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Funds is the responsibility of BFA or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to the supervision of BFA. Each Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational and valuation risks, among others. While there are a number of risk management functions performed by BFA and other service providers, as applicable, it is not possible to eliminate all of the risks applicable to the Fund. The Trustees have an oversight role in this area, satisfying themselves that risk management processes are in place and operating effectively. Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of each Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. The Board, directly or through a committee, also reviews reports from, among others, management and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by each Fund and management’s risk functions. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Trust's compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Trust and its principal service providers. In testing and maintaining the compliance program, the Chief Compliance Officer assesses key compliance risks affecting each Fund, and addresses them in reports to the Board. The Independent Trustees have engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.
Committees of the Board of Trustees. Each Independent Trustee serves on the Audit Committee. The Chair of the Audit Committee is Charles A. Hurty. The purposes of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board (i) in its oversight of the Trust's accounting and financial reporting principles and policies and related controls and procedures maintained by or on behalf of the Trust; (ii) in its oversight of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (iii) in selecting, evaluating and, where deemed appropriate, replacing the independent accountants (or nominating the independent accountants to be proposed for shareholder approval in any proxy statement); (iv) in evaluating the independence of the independent accountants; (v) in complying with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust's accounting and financial reporting, internal controls and independent audits; and (vi) to assume such other responsibilities as may be delegated by the Board. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
The members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), Charles A. Hurty, Madhav V. Rajan and John E. Kerrigan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The Nominating and Governance Committee nominates individuals for Independent Trustee membership on the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee functions include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) reviewing the qualifications of any person properly identified or nominated to serve as an Independent Trustee; (ii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the nominee(s) for appointment as an Independent Trustee by the Board and current Independent Trustees and/or for election as Independent Trustees by shareholders to fill any vacancy for a position of Independent Trustee(s) on the Board; (iii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the size and composition of the Board and Board committees and whether they comply with applicable laws and regulations; (iv) recommending a current Independent Trustee to the Board and current Independent Trustees to serve as Lead Independent Trustee; (v) periodic review of the Board's retirement policy; and (vi) recommending an appropriate level of compensation for the Independent Trustees for their services as Trustees, members or chairpersons of committees of the Board, Lead Independent Trustee, Chairperson of the Board and any other positions as the
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Nominating and Governance Committee considers appropriate. The Nominating and Governance Committee does not consider Board nominations recommended by shareholders (acting solely in their capacity as a shareholder and not in any other capacity). The Nominating and Governance Committee met two times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
The members of the 15(c) Committee are Madhav V. Rajan (Chair), Cecilia H. Herbert, Charles A. Hurty and John E. Martinez, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the 15(c) Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for the annual review and renewal of the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements. These responsibilities include: (i) meeting with BlackRock, Inc. in advance of the Board meeting at which the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements are to be considered to discuss generally the process for providing requested information to the Board and the format in which information will be provided; and (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to evaluate the investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements of the Trust. The 15(c) Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
The members of the Securities Lending Committee are John E. Martinez (Chair), John E. Kerrigan and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Securities Lending Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of the Trust's securities lending activities. These responsibilities include: (i) requesting that certain information be provided to the Committee for its review and consideration prior to such information being provided to the Board; (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to oversee the Trust's securities lending activities and make required findings and approvals; and (iii) providing a recommendation to the Board regarding the annual approval of the Trust's Securities Lending Guidelines and the required findings with respect to, and annual approval of, the Trust's agreement with the lending agent. The Securities Lending Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
The members of the Equity Plus Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), John E. Martinez and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Equity Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for equity funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Equity Plus Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
The members of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are John E. Kerrigan (Chair), Charles A. Hurty and Madhav V. Rajan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for fixed income or multi-asset funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Fixed Income Plus Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
As the Chairman of the Board, Robert H. Silver may participate in each Committee's meetings.
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2012, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Funds and in other registered investment companies overseen by the Trustee within the same family of investment companies as the Trust. If a fund is not listed below, the Trustee did not own any securities in that fund as of the date indicated above:
Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Robert S. Kapito   None   None   None
             
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Michael Latham   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Micro-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Robert H. Silver   iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI BRIC ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   $1-$10,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
             
George G.C. Parker   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares S&P 100 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
             
John E. Martinez   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares TIPS Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Cecilia H. Herbert   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares International Select Dividend ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
             
Charles A. Hurty   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Tech ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Financials ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Technology ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
             
John E. Kerrigan   iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   $10,001-$50,000
  $50,001-$100,000
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000
   
             
Madhav V. Rajan   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
As of December 31, 2012, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of BFA (the Funds' investment adviser), the Distributor or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with BFA or the Distributor.
Remuneration of Trustees.  Each current Independent Trustee is paid an annual retainer of $275,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board's policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the period from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2012, each current Independent Trustee was paid an annual retainer of $250,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board’s policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. The Independent Chairman of the Boards is paid an additional annual retainer of $50,000. The Chair of the Audit Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $40,000. The Chair of each of the Nominating and Governance Committees, Equity Plus Committees, Fixed Income Plus Committees, Securities Lending Committees and 15(c) Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $15,000. Each Independent Trustee that serves as a director of subsidiaries of the Exchange-Traded Complex is paid an additional annual retainer of $10,000 (plus an additional $1,765 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius). Additionally, any Independent Trustee who travels to the Republic of Mauritius to attend board meetings is paid an additional $12,000 (plus an additional $2,117 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius).
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The table below sets forth the compensation earned by each Independent Trustee and Interested Trustee from each Fund for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013 and the aggregate compensation paid to them by the Exchange-Traded Complex for the calendar year ended December 31, 2012.
Name of Trustee   iShares
Asia 50
ETF
  iShares
Emerging Markets
Infrastructure
ETF
  iShares
Global Materials
ETF
  iShares
Global Tech
ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 124   $ 71   $ 241   $264
George G.C. Parker   112   64   216   237
John E. Kerrigan   109   62   211   231
Charles A. Hurty   124   71   241   264
Cecilia H. Herbert   112   64   217   238
John E. Martinez   107   61   208   227
Madhav V. Rajan   107   61   208   227
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares
Global Timber &
Forestry ETF
  iShares
India 50
ETF
  iShares
Latin America 40
ETF
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   $ 150   $ 205   $ 742
George G.C. Parker   135   184   666
John E. Kerrigan   131   871   650
Charles A. Hurty   150   205   742
Cecilia H. Herbert   135   876   669
John E. Martinez   129   868   640
Madhav V. Rajan   129   177   640
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Accrued As
Part of Trust
Expenses1
  Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement1
  Total
Compensation
From the Funds
and Fund Complex2
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 289,835
George G.C. Parker   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   265,165
John E. Kerrigan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   265,510
Charles A. Hurty   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   290,000
Cecilia H. Herbert   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   273,010
John E. Martinez   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   261,760
Madhav V. Rajan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   250,000
    
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Interested Trustees:      
       
Robert S. Kapito Not Applicable Not Applicable $0
Michael Latham Not Applicable Not Applicable 0

1 No Trustee or officer is entitled to any pension or retirement benefits from the Trust.
2 Includes compensation for service on the Board of Trustees of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and the Boards of Directors of iShares, Inc. and iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.
The Board of Directors of the Subsidiary is responsible for the overall management and operations of the Subsidiary. The Board of Directors is comprised of certain members of the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust collectively owned less than 1% of each of the Funds' outstanding shares as of June 30, 2013.
Although the Trust does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participants (as defined below), as of June 30, 2013, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund were as follows:
Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares Asia 50 ETF   Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
250 Royall Street
Canton, MA 02021
  46.22%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.65%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  6.43%
         
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  21.65%
    Bank of America, National Association
411 N. Akard Street
5th Floor
Dallas, TX 75201
  14.69%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  8.03%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.50%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.68%
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Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  5.21%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.05%
         
iShares Global Materials ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  15.41%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.90%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  9.40%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  6.58%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  5.58%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.39%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  5.31%
         
iShares Global Tech ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  10.69%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.14%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.77%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.43%
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Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  6.20%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.15%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  5.28%
         
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF   JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  17.26%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  14.75%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.57%
    Bank of America, National Association
411 N. Akard Street
5th Floor
Dallas, TX 75201
  6.36%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  5.33%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.10%
         
iShares India 50 ETF   Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  26.88%
    BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  10.49%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.04%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  8.36%
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Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
    Mellon Trust of New England, National Association
Three Mellon Bank Center
Floor 1533700
Pittsburgh, PA 15259
  7.40%
    Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  7.05%
         
iShares Latin America 40 ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.06%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.73%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.50%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  5.27%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.26%
Potential Conflicts of Interest.  The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (“PNC”) has a significant economic interest in BlackRock, Inc., the parent of BFA, the Funds' investment adviser. PNC is considered to be an affiliate of BlackRock, Inc., under the 1940 Act. Certain activities of BFA, BlackRock, Inc. and their affiliates (collectively, “BlackRock”) and PNC and its affiliates (collectively, “PNC” and together with BlackRock, “Affiliates”), with respect to the Funds and/or other accounts managed by BlackRock or PNC, may give rise to actual or perceived conflicts of interest such as those described below.
BlackRock is one of the world's largest asset management firms. PNC is a diversified financial services organization spanning the retail, business and corporate markets. BlackRock and PNC are affiliates of one another under the 1940 Act. BlackRock and PNC and their respective affiliates (including, for these purposes, their directors, partners, trustees, managing members, officers and employees), including the entities and personnel who may be involved in the investment activities and business operations of a Fund, are engaged worldwide in businesses, including equity, fixed-income, cash management and alternative investments. These are considerations of which investors in a Fund should be aware, and which may cause conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Fund and its shareholders. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments that may be purchased or sold by a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates have proprietary interests in, and may manage or advise with respect to, accounts or funds (including separate accounts and other funds and collective investment vehicles) that have investment objectives similar to those of a Fund and/or that engage in transactions in the same types of securities, currencies and instruments as the Fund. One or more Affiliates are also major participants in the global currency, equities, swap and fixed-income markets, in each case both on a proprietary basis and for the accounts of customers. As such, one or more Affiliates are or may be actively engaged in transactions in the same securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests. Such activities could affect the prices and availability of the securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests, which could have an
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adverse impact on the Fund's performance. Such transactions, particularly in respect of most proprietary accounts or customer accounts, will be executed independently of a Fund's transactions and thus at prices or rates that may be more or less favorable than those obtained by the Fund. When BlackRock and its Affiliates purchase or sell the same assets for their managed accounts, including a Fund, the assets actually purchased or sold may be allocated among the accounts on a basis determined in their good faith discretion to be equitable. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the size or price of the assets purchased or sold for a Fund. In addition, transactions in investments by one or more other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of a Fund, particularly, but not limited to, with respect to small capitalization, emerging market or less liquid strategies. This may occur when investment decisions regarding a Fund are based on research or other information that is also used to support decisions for other accounts. When BlackRock or its Affiliates implements a portfolio decision or strategy on behalf of another account ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar decisions or strategies for a Fund, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other factors could result in the Fund receiving less favorable trading results and the costs of implementing such decisions or strategies could be increased or the Fund could otherwise be disadvantaged. BlackRock or its Affiliates may, in certain cases, elect to implement internal policies and procedures designed to limit such consequences, which may cause a Fund to be unable to engage in certain activities, including purchasing or disposing of securities, when it might otherwise be desirable for it to do so.
Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding a Fund may benefit other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by a Fund may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by a Fund may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which a Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of a Fund's investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of BlackRock or its Affiliates or their clients, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
The results of a Fund's investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by BlackRock and its Affiliates for their proprietary accounts or other accounts (including investment companies or collective investment vehicles) managed or advised by them. It is possible that one or more Affiliate-managed accounts and such other accounts will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by a Fund. Moreover, it is possible that a Fund will sustain losses during periods in which one or more Affiliate-managed accounts achieve significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. The opposite result is also possible. The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and accounts under their management may also limit the investment opportunities for a Fund in certain emerging and other markets in which limitations are imposed upon the amount of investment, in the aggregate or in individual issuers, by affiliated foreign investors.
From time to time, a Fund's activities may also be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to one or more Affiliates, and/or their internal policies designed to comply with such restrictions. As a result, there may be periods, for example, when BlackRock, and/or one or more Affiliates, will not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions in certain securities or instruments with respect to which BlackRock and/or one or more Affiliates are performing services or when position limits have been reached.
In connection with its management of a Fund, BlackRock may have access to certain fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models developed by one or more Affiliates. BlackRock will not be under any obligation, however, to effect transactions on behalf of a Fund in accordance with such analysis and models. In addition, neither BlackRock nor any of its Affiliates will have any obligation to make available any information regarding their proprietary activities or strategies, or the activities or strategies used for other accounts managed by them, for the benefit of the management of a Fund and it is not anticipated that BlackRock will have access to such information for the purpose of managing the Fund. The proprietary activities or portfolio strategies of BlackRock and its Affiliates, or the activities or strategies used for accounts managed by them or other customer accounts could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by BlackRock in managing a Fund.
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In addition, certain principals and certain employees of BlackRock are also principals or employees of Affiliates. As a result, the performance by these principals and employees of their obligations to such other entities may be a consideration of which investors in a Fund should be aware.
BlackRock may enter into transactions and invest in securities, instruments and currencies on behalf of a Fund in which customers of BlackRock or its Affiliates, or, to the extent permitted by the SEC, BlackRock or another Affiliate, serves as the counterparty, principal or issuer. In such cases, such party's interests in the transaction will be adverse to the interests of the Fund, and such party may have no incentive to assure that the Fund obtains the best possible prices or terms in connection with the transactions. In addition, the purchase, holding and sale of such investments by a Fund may enhance the profitability of BlackRock or its Affiliates. One or more Affiliates may also create, write or issue derivatives for their customers, the underlying securities, currencies or instruments of which may be those in which a Fund invests or which may be based on the performance of the Fund. A Fund may, subject to applicable law, purchase investments that are the subject of an underwriting or other distribution by one or more Affiliates and may also enter into transactions with other clients of an Affiliate where such other clients have interests adverse to those of the Fund.
At times, these activities may cause departments of BlackRock or its Affiliates to give advice to clients that may cause these clients to take actions adverse to the interests of the Fund. To the extent affiliated transactions are permitted, a Fund will deal with BlackRock and its Affiliates on an arms-length basis. BlackRock or its Affiliates may also have an ownership interest in certain trading or information systems used by a Fund. A Fund's use of such trading or information systems may enhance the profitability of BlackRock and its Affiliates.
One or more Affiliates may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or adviser or in other commercial capacities for a Fund. It is anticipated that the commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs, financial advisory fees, underwriting and placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, other fees, compensation or profits, rates, terms and conditions charged by an Affiliate will be in its view commercially reasonable, although each Affiliate, including its sales personnel, will have an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts that are favorable to the Affiliate and such sales personnel.
Subject to applicable law, the Affiliates (and their personnel and other distributors) will be entitled to retain fees and other amounts that they receive in connection with their service to the Funds as broker, dealer, agent, lender, adviser or in other commercial capacities and no accounting to the Funds or their respective shareholders will be required, and no fees or other compensation payable by the Funds or their respective shareholders will be reduced by reason of receipt by an Affiliate of any such fees or other amounts.
When an Affiliate acts as broker, dealer, agent, adviser or in other commercial capacities in relation to the Funds, the Affiliate may take commercial steps in its own interests, which may have an adverse effect on the Funds. A Fund will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on the Fund's own credit standing. Neither BlackRock nor any of the Affiliates will have any obligation to allow their credit to be used in connection with a Fund's establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that the Fund's counterparties will rely on the credit of BlackRock or any of the Affiliates in evaluating the Fund's creditworthiness.
Purchases and sales of securities for a Fund may be bunched or aggregated with orders for other BlackRock client accounts. BlackRock, however, is not required to bunch or aggregate orders if portfolio management decisions for different accounts are made separately, or if it determines that bunching or aggregating is not practicable or required, or in cases involving client direction.
Prevailing trading activity frequently may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Funds will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Funds. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Funds will not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.
BlackRock may select brokers (including, without limitation, Affiliates) that furnish BlackRock, the Funds, other BlackRock client accounts or other Affiliates or personnel, directly or through correspondent relationships, with research or other appropriate services which provide, in BlackRock's view, appropriate assistance to BlackRock in the investment decision-making process (including with respect to futures, fixed-price offerings and over-the-counter transactions). Such research or other services may include, to the extent permitted by law, research reports on companies, industries and securities;
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economic and financial data; financial publications; proxy analysis; trade industry seminars; computer data bases; research-oriented software and other services and products. Research or other services obtained in this manner may be used in servicing any or all of the Funds and other BlackRock client accounts, including in connection with BlackRock client accounts other than those that pay commissions to the broker relating to the research or other service arrangements. Such products and services may disproportionately benefit other BlackRock client accounts relative to the Funds based on the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds and such other BlackRock client accounts. For example, research or other services that are paid for through one client's commissions may not be used in managing that client's account. In addition, other BlackRock client accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products and services that may be provided to the Funds and to such other BlackRock client accounts. To the extent that BlackRock uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products and services itself.
BlackRock may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. To the extent that BlackRock receives research on this basis, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist. For example, the research effectively will be paid by client commissions that also will be used to pay for the execution, clearing, and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by BlackRock.
BlackRock may endeavor to execute trades through brokers who, pursuant to such arrangements, provide research or other services in order to ensure the continued receipt of research or other services BlackRock believes are useful in its investment decision-making process. BlackRock may from time to time choose not to engage in the above described arrangements to varying degrees. BlackRock may also enter into commission sharing arrangements under which BlackRock may execute transactions through a broker-dealer, including, where permitted, an Affiliate, and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to BlackRock. To the extent that BlackRock engages in commission sharing arrangements, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist.
BlackRock may utilize certain electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) in executing client  securities transactions for certain types of securities. These ECNs may charge fees for their services, including access fees and transaction fees. The transaction fees, which are similar to commissions or mark-ups/mark-downs, will generally be charged to clients and, like commissions and mark-ups/mark-downs, would generally be included in the cost of the securities purchased. Access fees may be paid by BlackRock even though incurred in connection with executing transactions on behalf of clients, including the Funds. In certain circumstances, ECNs may offer volume discounts that will reduce the access fees typically paid by BlackRock. BlackRock will only utilize ECNs consistent with its obligation to seek to obtain best execution in client transactions.
BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Funds, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with BlackRock's fiduciary obligations to its clients. Nevertheless, notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of BlackRock may have the effect of favoring the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of BlackRock and/or its Affiliates, provided that BlackRock believes such voting decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the Proxy Voting Policy section of this SAI.
It is also possible that, from time to time, BlackRock or its Affiliates may, although they are not required to, purchase and hold shares of a Fund. Increasing a Fund's assets may enhance investment flexibility and diversification and may contribute to economies of scale that tend to reduce the Fund's expense ratio. BlackRock and its Affiliates reserve the right to redeem at any time some or all of the shares of a Fund acquired for their own accounts. A large redemption of shares of a Fund by BlackRock or its Affiliates could significantly reduce the asset size of the Fund, which might have an adverse effect on the Fund's investment flexibility, portfolio diversification and expense ratio. BlackRock will consider the effect of redemptions on a Fund and other shareholders in deciding whether to redeem its shares.
It is possible that a Fund may invest in securities of companies with which an Affiliate has or is trying to develop investment banking relationships as well as securities of entities in which BlackRock or its Affiliates has significant debt or equity investments or in which an Affiliate makes a market. A Fund also may invest in securities of companies to which an Affiliate provides or may someday provide research coverage. Such investments could cause conflicts between the interests of a Fund and the interests of other clients of BlackRock or its Affiliates. In making investment decisions for a Fund, BlackRock is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information acquired by any division, department or Affiliate of BlackRock in
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the course of these activities. In addition, from time to time, the activities of an Affiliate may limit a Fund's flexibility in purchases and sales of securities. When an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of an entity, BlackRock may be prohibited from purchasing or recommending the purchase of certain securities of that entity for a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates, their personnel and other financial service providers may have interests in promoting sales of the Funds. With respect to BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel, the remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of the Funds or other products may be greater than remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of certain funds or other products that might be provided or offered. BlackRock and its Affiliates and their sales personnel may directly or indirectly receive a portion of the fees and commissions charged to the Funds or their respective shareholders. BlackRock and its advisory or other personnel may also benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. Fees and commissions may also be higher than for other products or services, and the remuneration and profitability to BlackRock or its Affiliates and such personnel resulting from transactions on behalf of or management of the Funds may be greater than the remuneration and profitability resulting from other funds or products.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel may receive greater compensation or greater profit in connection with an account for which BlackRock serves as an adviser than with an account advised by an unaffiliated investment adviser. Differentials in compensation may be related to the fact that BlackRock may pay a portion of its advisory fee to its Affiliate, or relate to compensation arrangements, including for portfolio management, brokerage transactions or account servicing. Any differential in compensation may create a financial incentive on the part of BlackRock or its Affiliates and their personnel to recommend BlackRock over unaffiliated investment advisers or to effect transactions differently in one account over another.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may provide valuation assistance to certain clients with respect to certain securities or other investments and the valuation recommendations made for their clients' accounts may differ from the valuations for the same securities or investments assigned by a Fund's pricing vendors, especially if such valuations are based on broker-dealer quotes or other data sources unavailable to the Fund's pricing vendors. While BlackRock will generally communicate its valuation information or determinations to a Fund's pricing vendors and/or fund accountants, there may be instances where the Fund's pricing vendors or fund accountants assign a different valuation to a security or other investment than the valuation for such security or investment determined or recommended by BlackRock.
As disclosed in more detail in the Determination of Net Asset Value section of each Fund’s Prospectus, when market valuations are not readily available or such valuations do not reflect current market values, the affected investments will be valued using fair value pricing, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Fund's Board. As a result, the Funds' sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued by BlackRock (pursuant to Board-adopted procedures) at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, a Fund may invest all or some of its short-term cash investments in any money market fund or similarly-managed private fund advised or managed by BlackRock. In connection with any such investments, a Fund, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, may pay its share of expenses of a money market fund in which it invests, which may result in a Fund bearing some additional expenses.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their directors, officers and employees, may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and may have conflicts of interest with respect to investments made on behalf of a Fund. As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by directors, officers, employees and Affiliates of BlackRock that are the same, different from or made at different times than positions taken for the Fund. To lessen the possibility that a Fund will be adversely affected by this personal trading, the Fund, BFA and BlackRock each has adopted a code of ethics in compliance with Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the Fund's portfolio transactions. Each code of ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Each code of ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by e-mail at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-1520.
BlackRock and its Affiliates will not purchase securities or other property from, or sell securities or other property to, a Fund, except that the Fund may in accordance with rules adopted under the 1940 Act engage in transactions with accounts that
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are affiliated with the Fund as a result of common officers, directors, or investment advisers or pursuant to exemptive orders granted to the Funds and/or BlackRock by the SEC. These transactions would be affected in circumstances in which BlackRock determined that it would be appropriate for a Fund to purchase and another client of BlackRock to sell, or the Fund to sell and another client of BlackRock to purchase, the same security or instrument on the same day. From time to time, the activities of a Fund may be restricted because of regulatory requirements applicable to BlackRock or its Affiliates and/or BlackRock's internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such requirements. A client not advised by BlackRock would not be subject to some of those considerations. There may be periods when BlackRock may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, or may otherwise restrict or limit their advice in certain securities or instruments issued by or related to companies for which an Affiliate is performing investment banking, market making or other services or has proprietary positions. For example, when an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of, or advisory services for, a company, the Funds may be prohibited from or limited in purchasing or selling securities of that company. Similar situations could arise if personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates serve as directors of companies the securities of which the Funds wish to purchase or sell. However, if permitted by applicable law, the Funds may purchase securities or instruments that are issued by such companies or are the subject of an underwriting, distribution, or advisory assignment by an Affiliate, or in cases in which personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates are directors or officers of the issuer.
The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and for client accounts may also limit the investment strategies and rights of the Funds. For example, in regulated industries, in certain emerging or international markets, in corporate and regulatory ownership definitions, and in certain futures and derivative transactions, there may be limits on the aggregate amount of investment by affiliated investors that may not be exceeded without the grant of a license or other regulatory or corporate consent or, if exceeded, may cause BlackRock, the Funds or other client accounts to suffer disadvantages or business restrictions.
If certain aggregate ownership thresholds are reached or certain transactions undertaken, the ability of BlackRock on behalf of clients (including the Funds) to purchase or dispose of investments, or exercise rights or undertake business transactions, may be restricted by regulation or otherwise impaired. As a result, BlackRock, on behalf of clients (including the Funds), may limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict or limit the exercise of rights (including voting rights) when BlackRock, in its sole discretion, deems it appropriate.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may maintain securities indexes as part of their product offerings. Index based funds seek to track the performance of securities indexes and may use the name of the index in the fund name. Index providers, including BlackRock and its Affiliates may be paid licensing fees for use of their index or index name. BlackRock and its Affiliates will not be obligated to license their indexes to BlackRock, and BlackRock cannot be assured that the terms of any index licensing agreement with BlackRock and its Affiliates will be as favorable as those terms offered to other index licensees.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may serve as Authorized Participants in the creation and redemption of exchange-traded funds, including funds advised by Affiliates of BlackRock. As described in greater detail in the Creations and Redemptions section of each Prospectus, BlackRock and its Affiliates may therefore be deemed to be participants in a distribution of iShares funds that could render them statutory underwriters.
Present and future activities of BlackRock and its Affiliates, including BFA, in addition to those described in this section, may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services
Investment Adviser.  BFA serves as investment adviser to each Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, and BFA. BFA is a California corporation indirectly owned by BlackRock, Inc. and is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Under the investment advisory agreement, BFA, subject to the supervision of the Board and in conformity with the stated investment policies of each Fund, manages and administers the Trust and the investment of each Fund’s assets. BFA is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and providing continuous supervision of the investment portfolio of each Fund.
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Pursuant to the investment advisory agreement, BFA may, from time to time, in its sole discretion and to the extent permitted by applicable law, appoint one or more sub-advisers, including, without limitation, affiliates of BFA, to perform investment advisory or other services with respect to a Fund. In addition, BFA may delegate certain of its investment advisory functions under the investment advisory agreement to one or more of its affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law. BFA may terminate any or all sub-advisers or such delegation arrangements in its sole discretion upon appropriate notice at any time to the extent permitted by applicable law.
BFA is responsible, under the investment advisory agreement, for substantially all expenses of the Funds, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. BFA is not responsible for, and the Funds will bear the cost of, interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses and other expenses connected with the execution of portfolio securities transactions, distribution fees and extraordinary expenses.
For its investment advisory services to the iShares Global Materials ETF, iShares Global Tech ETF and iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from each Fund corresponding to the Fund’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the following iShares funds: iShares Global Clean Energy ETF, iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF, iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF, iShares Global Energy ETF, iShares Global Financials ETF, iShares Global Healthcare ETF, iShares Global Industrials ETF, iShares Global Infrastructure ETF, iShares Global Materials ETF, iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF, iShares Global Tech ETF, iShares Global Telecom ETF, iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF, iShares Global Utilities ETF, iShares North American Natural Resources ETF, iShares North American Tech ETF, iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF, iShares North American Tech-Software ETF and iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF. The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows: 0.48% per annum of the aggregate net assets of those Funds less than or equal to $10.0 billion, plus 0.43% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $10.0 billion, up to and including $20.0 billion, plus 0.38% per annum of the aggregate net assets in excess of $20.0 billion.
Effective July 1, 2013, for its investment advisory services to the iShares Latin America 40 ETF, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from the iShares Latin America 40 ETF corresponding to the iShares Latin America 40 ETF’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the iShares Latin America 40 ETF, iShares MSCI Pacific ex Japan ETF, iShares Russell 2000 ETF, iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF, iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF, iShares Select Dividend ETF and iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF (“Combined Funds”). The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows:
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee
for the iShares Latin America 40 ETF
First $46 billion 0.5000%
Greater than $46 billion – Up to $81 billion 0.4750%
Greater than $81 billion – Up to $141 billion 0.4513%
Greater than $141 billion 0.4287%
Each reduced management fee level set forth in the fee schedule above reflects a 5% reduction (rounded to the fourth decimal place) from the management fee at the prior Combined Fund asset level.
For its investment advisory services to each Fund, BFA received a management fee at the annual rates (as a percentage of such Fund's average net assets) set forth below for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Management
Fee
  Fund
Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2011
iShares Asia 50 ETF   0.50%   11/13/07   $ 1,031,831   $1,036,848   $ 889,764
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF1   0.75%   06/16/09   942,779   932,048   594,904
iShares Global Materials ETF   0.48%   09/12/06   2,324,729   3,011,045   3,835,890
iShares Global Tech ETF   0.48%   11/12/01   2,623,104   2,615,644   2,668,929
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF   0.48%   06/24/08   916,018   927,697   494,767
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Fund   Management
Fee
  Fund
Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2011
iShares India 50 ETF   0.89%   11/18/09   2,881,694   2,095,355   979,518
iShares Latin America 40 ETF   0.50%   10/25/01   8,275,232   10,239,234   13,471,863

1 For the iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF, BFA has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fees in an amount equal to the iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF’s pro rata share of the fees and expenses attributable to the Fund’s investments in other iShares funds, “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses,” until June 30, 2015. For the fiscal years ended 2011, 2012 and 2013 BFA waived $37,390, $40,325 and $2,563 of management fees, respectively.
The investment advisory agreement with respect to each Fund continues in effect for two years from its effective date, and thereafter is subject to annual approval by (i) the Board, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the applicable Fund, provided that in either event such continuance also is approved by a majority of the Board members who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the applicable Fund, by a vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The investment advisory agreement with respect to each Fund is terminable without penalty, on 60 days' notice, by the Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act). The investment advisory agreement is also terminable upon 60 days' notice by BFA and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
For the iShares India 50 ETF, the Subsidiary has entered into a separate contract with BFA whereby BFA provides investment advisory services to the Subsidiary. BFA does not receive separate compensation from the Subsidiary for providing it with investment advisory services. The Fund pays BFA a management fee based on the Fund's assets, including the assets invested in the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary has also entered into separate arrangements that provide for the provision of other services to the Subsidiary (including administrative, custody, transfer agency and other services), and BFA shall pay the costs and expenses related to the provision of those services.
Portfolio Managers.  As of March 31, 2013, except as otherwise noted below, the individuals named as Portfolio Managers in the Funds' Prospectuses were also primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of other iShares funds and certain other types of portfolios and/or accounts as follows:
Christopher Bliss        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   42   $ 85,000,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   170   455,700,000,000
Other Accounts   146   315,800,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Matthew Goff (as of 9/1/2013)        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   53   $46,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   0
Other Accounts   2   156,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   218   $437,300,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   19   11,800,000,000
Other Accounts   1   27,000,000
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Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   218   $437,300,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   232   $452,000,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   83   38,500,000,000
Other Accounts   2   78,600,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
Each of the portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management seeks to track the rate of return, risk profile and other characteristics of independent third-party indexes by either replicating the same combination of securities that constitute those indexes or through a representative sampling of the securities that constitute those indexes based on objective criteria and data. Pursuant to BFA’s policy, investment opportunities are allocated equitably among the Funds and other portfolios and accounts. For example, under certain circumstances, an investment opportunity may be restricted due to limited supply in the market, legal constraints or other factors, in which event the investment opportunity will be allocated equitably among those portfolios and accounts, including the funds seeking such investment opportunity. As a consequence, from time to time the Funds may receive a smaller allocation of an investment opportunity than it would have if the Portfolio Managers and BFA and its affiliates did not manage other portfolios or accounts.
Like the Funds, the other portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management generally pay an asset-based fee to BFA or its affiliates, as applicable, for its advisory services. One or more of those other portfolios or accounts, however, may pay BFA or its affiliates an incentive-based fee in lieu of, or in addition to, an asset-based fee for its advisory services. A portfolio or account with an incentive-based fee would pay BFA or its affiliates a portion of that portfolio’s or account’s gains, or would pay BFA or its affiliates more for its services than would otherwise be the case if BFA or any of its affiliates meets or exceeds specified performance targets. By their nature, incentive-based fee arrangements could present an incentive for BFA or its affiliates to devote greater resources, and allocate more investment opportunities, to the portfolios or accounts that have those fee arrangements, relative to other portfolios or accounts, in order to earn larger fees. Although BFA and each of its affiliates has an obligation to allocate resources and opportunities equitably among portfolios and accounts and intends to do so, shareholders of the Funds should be aware that, as with any group of portfolios and accounts managed by an investment adviser and/or its affiliates pursuant to varying fee arrangements, including incentive-based fee arrangements, there is the potential for a conflict of interest that may result in the Portfolio Managers' favoring those portfolios or accounts with incentive-based fee arrangements.
The tables below show, for each Portfolio Manager, the number of portfolios or accounts of the types set forth in the above tables and the aggregate of total assets in those portfolios or accounts with respect to which the investment management fees are based on the performance of those portfolios or accounts as of March 31, 2013, except as otherwise noted below:
Christopher Bliss        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
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Christopher Bliss        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Matthew Goff (as of 9/1/2013)        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
The discussion below describes the Portfolio Managers' compensation as of March 31, 2013.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Overview
BlackRock, Inc.'s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a performance-based discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock, Inc.
Base compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm.
Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, Inc., the performance of the portfolio manager's group within BlackRock, Inc. and the individual's performance and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock, Inc.
Distribution of Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash and BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units which vest ratably over a number of years. The
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BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units, if properly vested, will be settled in BlackRock, Inc. common stock. Typically, the cash bonus, when combined with base salary, represents more than 60% of total compensation for the portfolio managers. Paying a portion of annual bonuses in stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year “at risk” based on BlackRock, Inc.'s ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods.
Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards — From time to time, long-term incentive equity awards are granted to certain key employees to aid in retention, align their interests with long-term shareholder interests and motivate performance. Equity awards are generally granted in the form of BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units that, once vested, settle in BlackRock, Inc. common stock.
Other Compensation Benefits. In addition to base compensation and discretionary incentive compensation, portfolio managers may be eligible to receive or participate in one or more of the following:
Incentive Savings Plans — BlackRock, Inc. has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock, Inc. employees are eligible to participate, including a 401(k) plan, the BlackRock Retirement Savings Plan (“RSP”), and the BlackRock Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The employer contribution components of the RSP include a company match equal to 50% of the first 8% of eligible pay contributed to the plan capped at $5,000 per year, and a company retirement contribution equal to 3-5% of eligible compensation up to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) limit ($255,000 for 2013). The RSP offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies and collective investment funds managed by the firm. BlackRock, Inc. contributions follow the investment direction set by participants for their own contributions or, absent participant investment direction, are invested into an index target date fund that corresponds to, or is closest to, the year in which the participant attains age 65. The ESPP allows for investment in BlackRock, Inc. common stock at a 5% discount on the fair market value of the stock on the purchase date. Annual participation in the ESPP is limited to the purchase of 1,000 shares of common stock or a dollar value of $25,000 based on its fair market value on the Purchase Date. Christopher Bliss, Matthew Goff, Diane Hsiung, Jennifer Hsui and Greg Savage are each eligible to participate in these plans.
As of March 31, 2013, except as otherwise noted below, the Portfolio Managers beneficially owned shares of the Funds, for which they are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management, in the amounts reflected in the following tables:
Christopher Bliss                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Asia 50 ETF X                        
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF X                        
iShares India 50 ETF X                        
iShares Latin America 40 ETF X                        
    
Matthew Goff (as of 9/1/2013)                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Asia 50 ETF X                        
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF X                        
iShares Global Materials ETF X                        
iShares Global Tech ETF X                        
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF X                        
iShares India 50 ETF X                        
iShares Latin America 40 ETF X                        
    
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Diane Hsiung                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Asia 50 ETF X                        
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF X                        
iShares Global Materials ETF X                        
iShares Global Tech ETF X                        
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF X                        
iShares India 50 ETF X                        
iShares Latin America 40 ETF X                        
    
Jennifer Hsui                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Asia 50 ETF X                        
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF X                        
iShares Global Materials ETF X                        
iShares Global Tech ETF X                        
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF X                        
iShares India 50 ETF X                        
iShares Latin America 40 ETF X                        
    
Greg Savage                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Asia 50 ETF X                        
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF X                        
iShares Global Materials ETF X                        
iShares Global Tech ETF X                        
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF X                        
iShares India 50 ETF X                        
iShares Latin America 40 ETF X                        
Codes of Ethics.  The Trust, BFA and the Distributor have adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The codes of ethics permit personnel subject to the codes of ethics to invest in securities, subject to certain limitations, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements.  The Funds are subject to the USA PATRIOT Act (the “Patriot Act”). The Patriot Act is intended to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system in furtherance of money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities. Pursuant to requirements under the Patriot Act, a Fund may request information from Authorized Participants to enable it to form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its Authorized Participants. This information will be used to verify the identity of Authorized Participants or, in some cases, the status of financial professionals; it will be used only for compliance with the requirements of the Patriot Act.
The Funds reserve the right to reject purchase orders from persons who have not submitted information sufficient to allow the Fund to verify their identity. Each Fund also reserves the right to redeem any amounts in a Fund from persons whose
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identity it is unable to verify on a timely basis. It is the Funds' policy to cooperate fully with appropriate regulators in any investigations conducted with respect to potential money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) serves as administrator, custodian and transfer agent for the Funds under the Master Services Agreement and related Service Schedule (the “Service Module”). State Street’s principal address is 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116. Pursuant to the Service Module for Fund Administration and Accounting Services with the Trust, State Street provides necessary administrative, legal, tax and accounting and financial reporting services for the maintenance and operations of the Trust and each Fund. In addition, State Street makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services. Pursuant to the Service Module for Custodial Services with the Trust, State Street maintains, in separate accounts, cash, securities and other assets of the Trust and each Fund, keeps all necessary accounts and records and provides other services. State Street is required, upon the order of the Trust, to deliver securities held by State Street and to make payments for securities purchased by the Trust for each Fund. State Street is authorized to appoint certain foreign custodians or foreign custody managers for Fund investments outside the United States. Pursuant to the Service Module for Transfer Agency Services with the Trust, State Street acts as a transfer agent for each Fund’s authorized and issued shares of beneficial interest, and as dividend disbursing agent of the Trust. As compensation for these services, State Street receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by BFA from its management fee.
Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2013
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2012
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2011
iShares Asia 50 ETF   11/13/07   $ 35,133   $ 46,482   $ 47,369
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   06/16/09   55,492   44,849   20,038
iShares Global Materials ETF   09/12/06   35,289   59,911   57,713
iShares Global Tech ETF   11/12/01   28,537   34,681   30,836
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF   06/24/08   13,260   16,693   11,106
iShares India 50 ETF   11/18/09   10,701   10,299   11,426
iShares Latin America 40 ETF   10/25/01   290,979   248,078   218,341
Subsidiary Administrator. For the iShares India 50 ETF, International Financial Services Limited (“IFS”) serves as the Subsidiary's Mauritius administrator. Pursuant to an agreement with IFS, the Subsidiary pays a fee for administrative, legal, tax and accounting services to IFS, for certain shareholder services and for providing office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services to the Subsidiary.
Distributor.  The Distributor's principal address is 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Funds through the Distributor or its agent only in Creation Units, as described in the applicable Prospectus and below in the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Fund shares in amounts less than Creation Units are generally not distributed by the Distributor or its agent. The Distributor or its agent will arrange for the delivery of the applicable Prospectus and, upon request, this SAI to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it or its agents and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it or its agents. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
The Distribution Agreement for each Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on at least 60 days' prior written notice to the other party following (i) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the relevant Fund. The Distribution Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Fund shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as defined below), Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participants and/or investor services organizations.
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BFA or its affiliates may, from time to time and from its own resources, pay, defray or absorb costs relating to distribution, including payments out of its own resources to the Distributor, or to otherwise promote the sale of shares.
The Distributor has served as the Funds' distributor since April 1, 2012. Prior to that date, SEI Investments Distribution Co. (“SEI”), located at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, PA 19456, served as the distributor to the Funds. The following table sets forth the compensation paid by BFA to SEI for certain services, not primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares, provided to each Fund during the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2011
iShares Asia 50 ETF   11/13/07   $7,585   $ 11,306   $ 11,290
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   06/16/09   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Materials ETF   09/12/06   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Tech ETF   11/12/01   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF   06/24/08   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares India 50 ETF   11/18/09   7,585   11,306   11,290
iShares Latin America 40 ETF   10/25/01   7,585   11,306   11,290

1 BRIL serves as the distributor to the Funds effective April 1, 2012. These fees reflect payments made to SEI, acting as an agent of the Distributor.
2 SEI served as the distributor to the Funds through March 31, 2012.
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates. BFA and/or its affiliates (“BFA Entities”) pay certain broker-dealers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Funds, other iShares funds or exchange-traded products in general. BFA Entities make these payments from their own assets and not from the assets of the Funds. Although a portion of BFA Entities’ revenue comes directly or indirectly in part from fees paid by the Funds and other iShares funds, these payments do not increase the price paid by investors for the purchase of shares of, or the cost of owning, the Fund or other iShares funds. BFA Entities make payments for Intermediaries’ participation in activities that are designed to make registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Funds, or for other activities, such as participation in marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems (“Education Costs”). BFA Entities also make payments to Intermediaries for certain printing, publishing and mailing costs associated with the Funds or materials relating to exchange-traded products in general (“Publishing Costs”). In addition, BFA Entities make payments to Intermediaries that make shares of the Funds and certain other iShares funds available to their clients, develop new products that feature iShares or otherwise promote the Funds and other iShares funds. BFA Entities may also reimburse expenses or make payments from their own assets to Intermediaries or other persons in consideration of services or other activities that the BFA Entities believe may benefit the iShares business or facilitate investment in iShares funds. Payments of the type described above are sometimes referred to as revenue-sharing payments.
Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your salesperson or other investment professional may also be significant for your salesperson or other investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it will recommend or make available to its clients or what services to provide for various products based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments may create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients and these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Funds and other iShares funds over other investments. The same conflict of interest and financial incentive exist with respect to your salesperson or other investment professional if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.
As of March 1, 2013, BFA Entities have contractual arrangements to make payments (in addition to payments for Education Costs or Publishing Costs) to one Intermediary, Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (“FBS”). Pursuant to this special, long-term and significant arrangement (the “Marketing Program”), FBS and certain affiliates (collectively “Fidelity”) have agreed, among other things, to actively promote iShares funds to customers and investment professionals and in advertising campaigns as the preferred exchange-traded product, to offer certain iShares funds in certain Fidelity platforms and investment programs, in some cases at a reduced commission rate or commission free, and to provide marketing data to BFA
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Entities. BFA Entities have agreed to facilitate the Marketing Program by, among other things, making certain payments to FBS for marketing and implementing certain brokerage and investment programs. Upon termination of the arrangement, the BFA Entities will make additional payments to FBS based upon a number of criteria, including the overall success of the Marketing Program and the level of services provided by FBS during the wind-down period.
Any additions, modifications, or deletions to Intermediaries listed above that have occurred since the date noted above are not included in the list. Further, BFA Entities make Education Costs and Publishing Costs payments to other Intermediaries that are not listed above. BFA Entities may determine to make such payments based on any number of metrics. For example, BFA Entities may make payments at year-end or other intervals in a fixed amount, an amount based upon an Intermediary’s services at defined levels or an amount based on the Intermediary’s net sales of one or more iShares funds in a year or other period, any of which arrangements may include an agreed-upon minimum or maximum payment, or any combination of the foregoing. As of the date of this SAI, BFA anticipates that the payments paid by BFA Entities in connection with the Funds, iShares funds and exchange-traded products in general will be immaterial to BFA Entities in the aggregate for the next year. Please contact your salesperson or other investment professional for more information regarding any such payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the BFA Entities to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy shares of iShares funds.
The Funds may participate in certain market maker incentive programs of a national securities exchange in which an affiliate of the Funds would pay a fee to the exchange used for the purpose of incentivizing one or more market makers in the securities of a Fund to enhance the liquidity and quality of the secondary market of securities of a Fund. The fee would then be credited by the exchange to one or more market makers that meet or exceed liquidity and market quality standards with respect to the securities of a Fund. Each market maker incentive program is subject to approval from the SEC. Any such fee payments made to an exchange will be made by an affiliate of a Fund solely for the benefit of a Fund and will not be paid from any Fund assets.
Determination of Net Asset Value
Valuation of Shares. The NAV for a Fund is generally calculated as of the close of regular trading hours on the NYSE (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each business day the NYSE is open. Valuation of securities held by a Fund is as follows:
Equity Investments. Equity securities traded on a recognized securities exchange (e.g., NYSE), separate trading boards of a securities exchange or through a market system that provides contemporaneous transaction pricing information (an “Exchange”) are valued using information obtained via independent pricing services, generally the Exchange closing price, or if an Exchange closing price is not available, the last traded price on that Exchange prior to the time as of which a Fund’s assets or liabilities are valued. However, under certain circumstances other means of determining current market value may be used. If an equity security is traded on more than one Exchange, the current market value of the security where it is primarily traded generally will be used. In the event that there are no sales involving an equity security held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such security, the prior day’s price will be used, unless, in accordance with valuation procedures approved by a Fund’s Board (the “Valuation Procedures”), BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the security, in which case such asset would be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below).
Fixed Income Investments. In accordance with the Valuation Procedures, fixed income securities for which market quotations are readily available are generally valued using such securities’ most recent bid prices provided directly from one or more broker-dealers, market makers, or independent third-party pricing services, each of which may use matrix pricing and valuation models, as well as recent market transactions for the same or similar assets to derive values. The amortized cost method of valuation may be used with respect to debt obligations with sixty days or less remaining to maturity unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such method does not represent fair value. Loan participation notes are generally valued at the mean of the last available bid prices from one or more brokers or dealers as obtained from independent third-party pricing services. Certain fixed income investments, including asset-backed and mortgage-related securities, may be valued based on valuation models that consider the estimated cash flows of each tranche of the entity, establish a benchmark yield and develop an estimated tranche specific spread to the benchmark yield based on the unique attributes of the tranche. Fixed income securities for which market quotations are not readily available may be valued by third-party pricing services that make a valuation determination by securing transaction data (e.g., recent representative bids), credit quality information, perceived market movements, news, and other relevant information and by other methods, which may
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include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from dealers; and general market conditions.
Options, Futures, Swaps and Other Derivatives. Exchange-traded equity options for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices as quoted on the Exchange or the board of trade on which such options are traded. In the event that there is no mean price available for an exchange traded equity option held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such option, the last bid (long positions) or ask (short positions) price, if available, will be used as the value of such option. If no such bid or ask price is available on a day on which a Fund values such option, the prior day’s price will be used, unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the option in which case such option will be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below). Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives may be valued using a mathematical model which may incorporate a number of market data factors. Financial futures contracts and options thereon, which are traded on exchanges, are valued at their settle price as of the close of such exchanges. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
Underlying Funds. Shares of underlying exchange-traded funds will be valued at their most recent closing price on an Exchange. Shares of underlying money market funds will be valued at their net asset value.
General Valuation Information. In determining the market value of portfolio investments, a Fund may employ independent third-party pricing services, which may use, without limitation, a matrix or formula method that takes into consideration market indexes, matrices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. This may result in the securities being valued at a price different from the price that would have been determined had the matrix or formula method not been used. All cash, receivables and current payables are carried on a Fund’s books at their face value.
Prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services, broker-dealers or market makers to value a Fund’s securities and other assets and liabilities are based on information available at the time a Fund values its assets and liabilities. In the event that a pricing service quotation is revised or updated subsequent to the day on which the Fund valued such security or other asset or liability, the revised pricing service quotation generally will be applied prospectively. Such determination will be made considering pertinent facts and circumstances surrounding the revision.
Certain types of securities, including many fixed income securities, trade infrequently and there may be no current market transactions or recent representative bids for such securities. To the extent that prices for such securities are not reflective of current market transactions or recent representative bids, a Fund will value such securities in good faith in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
In the event that application of the methods of valuation discussed above result in a price for a security which is deemed not to be representative of the fair market value of such security, the security will be valued by, under the direction of or in accordance with a method specified by a Fund’s Board as reflecting fair value. All other assets and liabilities (including securities for which market quotations are not readily available) held by a Fund (including restricted securities) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by a Fund’s Board or by BlackRock (its delegate) pursuant to the Valuation Procedures. Any assets and liabilities which are denominated in a foreign currency are converted into U.S. dollars at the prevailing rates of exchange at such times as may be determined by a Fund from time to time.
Certain of the securities acquired by a Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges or over-the-counter markets on days on which a Fund’s net asset value is not calculated. In such cases, the net asset value of a Fund’s shares may be significantly affected on days when investors can neither purchase nor redeem shares of a Fund.
Use of fair value prices and certain current market valuations could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate a Fund’s NAV and the prices used in the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between a Fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Fair Value. When market quotations are not readily available or are believed in good faith by BlackRock to be unreliable, a Fund’s investments are valued at fair value (“Fair Value Assets”). Fair Value Assets are valued by BlackRock in accordance with the Valuation Procedures. BlackRock may reasonably conclude that a market quotation is not readily available or is unreliable if, among other things, a security or other asset or liability does not have a price source due to its lack of trading, if BlackRock believes in good faith that a market quotation from a broker-dealer or other source is unreliable (e.g., where it varies significantly from a recent trade, or no longer reflects the fair value of the security or other asset or liability subsequent
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to the most recent market quotation), where the security or other asset or liability is only thinly traded or due to the occurrence of a significant event subsequent to the most recent market quotation. For this purpose, a “significant event” is deemed to occur if BlackRock determines, in its reasonable business judgment, that an event has occurred after the close of trading for an asset or liability but prior to or at the time of pricing a Fund’s assets or liabilities, and that the event is likely to cause a material change to the closing market price of the assets or liabilities held by a Fund. Non-U.S. securities whose values are affected by volatility that occurs in U.S. markets for related or highly correlated assets (e.g., ADRs, GDRs or ETFs) on a trading day after the close of non-U.S. securities markets may be fair valued. On any date the NYSE is open and a foreign market or the primary exchange on which a foreign asset or liability is traded is closed, such asset or liability will be valued using the prior day’s price, provided that BlackRock is not aware of any significant event or other information that would cause such price to no longer reflect the fair value of the asset or liability, in which case such asset or liability would be treated as a Fair Value Asset.
BlackRock, with input from the BlackRock Investment Strategy Group, will submit its recommendations regarding the valuation and/or valuation methodologies for Fair Value Assets to BlackRock’s Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee may accept, modify or reject any recommendations. In addition, a Fund’s accounting agent periodically endeavors to confirm the prices it receives from all third-party pricing services, index providers and broker-dealers, and, with the assistance of BlackRock, to regularly evaluate the values assigned to the securities and other assets and liabilities held by a Fund. The pricing of all Fair Value Assets is subsequently reported to and, where appropriate, ratified by the Board.
When determining the price for a Fair Value Asset, the BlackRock Valuation Committee (or BlackRock’s Pricing Group) will seek to determine the price that a Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of that asset or liability in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what a Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. Fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that the Valuation Committee (or Pricing Group) deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third party valuation models.
Fair value represents a good faith approximation of the value of an asset or liability. When determining fair value of an asset, one or more of a variety of fair valuation methodologies may be used (depending on factors including the asset type). For example, the asset may be priced on the basis of the original cost of the investment or, alternatively, using proprietary or third-party models (including models that rely upon direct portfolio management pricing inputs and which reflect the significance attributed to the various factors and assumptions being considered). Prices of actual, executed or historical transactions in the relevant asset and/or liability (or related or comparable assets and/or liabilities) or, where appropriate, an appraisal by a third party experienced in the valuation of similar assets and/or liabilities, may also be used as a basis for establishing the fair value of an asset or liability. The fair value of one or more assets or liabilities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets or liabilities could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining a Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
Each Fund’s annual audited financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), follow the requirements for valuation set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), which defines and establishes a framework for measuring fair value under US GAAP and expands financial statement disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements. Generally, ASC 820 and other accounting rules applicable to funds and various assets in which they invest are evolving. Such changes may adversely affect a Fund. For example, the evolution of rules governing the determination of the fair market value of assets or liabilities to the extent such rules become more stringent would tend to increase the cost and/or reduce the availability of third-party determinations of fair market value. This may in turn increase the costs associated with selling assets or affect their liquidity due to a Fund’s inability to obtain a third-party determination of fair market value.
Brokerage Transactions
BFA assumes general supervision over placing orders on behalf of each Fund for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities. In selecting brokers or dealers for any transaction in portfolio securities, BFA’s policy is to make such selection based on
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factors deemed relevant, including but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the reasonableness of the commission or mark-up or mark-down, if any, execution capability, settlement capability, back office efficiency and the financial condition of the broker or dealer, both for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. The overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid is evaluated by BFA based upon its knowledge of available information as to the general level of commissions paid by other institutional investors for comparable services. Brokers may also be selected because of their expertise in certain markets or with certain securities, or their ability to handle special or difficult executions, such as may be involved in large block trades, less liquid securities, broad distributions, or other circumstances. BFA does not consider the provision or value of research, products or services a broker or dealer may provide, if any, as a factor in the selection of a broker or dealer or the determination of the reasonableness of commissions paid in connection with portfolio transactions. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that prohibit the consideration of sales of a Fund’s shares as a factor in the selection of a broker or a dealer to execute its portfolio transactions.
The table below sets forth the brokerage commissions paid by each Fund for the fiscal years noted. Any differences in brokerage commissions paid by a Fund from year to year are due to increases or decreases in that Fund’s assets over those periods:
Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2013
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2012
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31, 2011
iShares Asia 50 ETF   11/13/07   $ 29,352   $ 22,423   $ 16,386
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   06/16/09   85,799   22,564   8,041
iShares Global Materials ETF   09/12/06   23,199   64,164   30,374
iShares Global Tech ETF   11/12/01   28,011   47,110   12,996
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF   06/24/08   28,893   46,651   21,896
iShares India 50 ETF   11/18/09   198,193   150,746   91,663
iShares Latin America 40 ETF   10/25/01   237,683   695,057   246,744
The Funds did not pay any brokerage commissions to BlackRock, an affiliate of BFA, and a subsidiary of BTC, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013.
The Funds' purchase and sale orders for securities may be combined with those of other investment companies, clients or accounts that BFA or its affiliates manage or advise and for which they have brokerage placement authority. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Funds and one or more other accounts managed or advised by BFA or its affiliates are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the Funds and the other accounts in a manner deemed equitable to all by BFA and its affiliates. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as the Funds are concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower transaction costs will be beneficial to the Funds. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest. BFA and its affiliates may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions. The Funds will not deal with affiliates in principal transactions unless permitted by applicable SEC rules or regulations, or by SEC exemptive order.
Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates may result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses. The iShares India 50 ETF may also incur interest expenses arising from borrowings related to the acquisition of portfolio securities.
The table below sets forth the portfolio turnover rates of each Fund for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2013   Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2012
iShares Asia 50 ETF   11%   8%
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   18%   14%
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Fund   Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2013   Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2012
iShares Global Materials ETF   7%   9%
iShares Global Tech ETF   7%   6%
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF   15%   21%
iShares India 50 ETF   35%   28%
iShares Latin America 40 ETF   11%   22%
Creation or redemption transactions, to the extent consisting of cash, may require the Funds to contemporaneously transact with broker-dealers for purchases of Deposit Securities (as defined below under Fund Deposit) or sales of Fund Securities (as defined below under Redemption of Creation Units), as applicable. Such transactions with a particular broker-dealer may be conditioned upon the broker-dealers agreement to transact at guaranteed price levels in order to reduce transaction costs the Funds would otherwise incur as a consequence of settling creation or redemption baskets in cash rather than in-kind.
Following the Funds' receipt of an order to purchase or redeem creation or redemption baskets, to the extent such purchases or redemptions consist of a cash portion, the Funds will enter an order with a broker or dealer to purchase or sell the Deposit Securities or Fund Securities, as applicable. The terms of such order may, depending on the timing of the transaction and certain other factors, require the broker or dealer to guarantee that the Funds will achieve execution of their order at a price at least as favorable to the Funds as the Funds' valuation of the Deposit Securities/Fund Securities used for purposes of calculating the NAV applied to the creation or redemption transactions giving rise to the orders (the “Execution Performance Guarantee”). Such orders may be placed with the purchasing or redeeming Authorized Participant in its capacity as a broker-dealer or with its affiliated broker-dealer. The amount payable to the Funds in respect of any Execution Performance Guarantee will depend on the results achieved by the executing firm and will vary depending on market activity, timing and a variety of other factors.
To ensure that an Execution Performance Guarantee will be honored on orders arising from creation transactions executed by an Authorized Participant or its affiliate as broker-dealer, an Authorized Participant is required to deposit an amount with the Funds (the “Execution Performance Deposit”). If the broker-dealer executing the order achieves executions in market transactions at a price equal to or more favorable than the Funds' valuation of the Deposit Securities, the Funds receive the benefit of the favorable executions and returns to the Authorized Participant the Execution Performance Deposit. If, however, the broker-dealer executing the order is unable to achieve executions in market transactions at a price at least equal to the Funds' valuation of the securities, the Funds retain the portion of the Execution Performance Deposit equal to the full amount of the execution shortfall (including any taxes, brokerage, commissions or other costs) and may require the Authorized Participant to deposit any additional amount required to cover the full amount of the actual Execution Performance Guarantee.
To ensure that an Execution Performance Guarantee will be honored for brokerage orders arising from redemption transactions executed by an Authorized Participant or its affiliate as broker-dealer, an Authorized Participant agrees to pay the shortfall amount (the “Execution Performance Offset”). If the broker-dealer executing the order achieves executions in market transactions at a price equal to or more favorable than the Funds' valuation of the Fund Securities, the Funds receive the benefit of the favorable executions and the Authorized Participant is not called upon to honor the Execution Performance Offset. If, however, the broker-dealer is unable to achieve executions in market transactions at a price at least equal to the Funds' valuation of the securities, the Funds will be entitled to the portion of the Execution Performance Offset equal to the full amount of the execution shortfall (including any taxes, brokerage commissions or other costs).
The circumstances under which the Execution Performance Guarantee will be used and the expected amount, if any, of any Execution Performance Deposit or Execution Performance Offset for the Funds will be disclosed in the procedures handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time based on the actual experience of the Funds.
Additional Information Concerning the Trust
Shares. The Trust currently consists of more than 235 separate investment series or portfolios called funds. The Trust issues shares of beneficial interests in the funds with no par value. The Board may designate additional iShares funds.
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Each share issued by a fund has a pro rata interest in the assets of that fund. Shares have no preemptive, exchange, subscription or conversion rights and are freely transferable. Each share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by the Board with respect to the relevant fund, and in the net distributable assets of such fund on liquidation.
Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which the shareholder is entitled to vote. In any matter submitted to shareholders for a vote, each fund shall hold a separate vote, provided that shareholders of all affected funds will vote together when: (1) required by the 1940 Act, or (2) the Trustees determine that the matter affects the interests of more than one fund.
Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. The policy of the Trust is not to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. All shares (regardless of the fund) have noncumulative voting rights in the election of members of the Board. Under Delaware law, Trustees of the Trust may be removed by vote of the shareholders.
Following the creation of the initial Creation Unit(s) of shares of a fund and immediately prior to the commencement of trading in such fund’s shares, a holder of shares may be a “control person” of the fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. A fund cannot predict the length of time for which one or more shareholders may remain a control person of the fund.
In accordance with the Trust's Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 17, 2009 (the “Declaration of Trust”), the Board may, without shareholder approval (unless such shareholder approval is required by applicable law, including the 1940 Act), cause one or more funds commencing operations after September 24, 2008 (each, a “New Fund”) to merge, reorganize, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of their assets, or take other similar actions with, to or into another New Fund.
Shareholders may make inquiries by writing to iShares Trust, c/o BlackRock Investments, LLC, 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310.
Absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, beneficial owners of more than 5% of the shares of a fund may be subject to the reporting provisions of Section 13 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. In addition, absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, officers and trustees of a fund and beneficial owners of 10% of the shares of a fund (“Insiders”) may be subject to the insider reporting, short-swing profit and short sale provisions of Section 16 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. Beneficial owners and Insiders should consult with their own legal counsel concerning their obligations under Sections 13 and 16 of the 1934 Act.
Termination of the Trust or a Fund.  The Trust or a Fund may be terminated by a majority vote of the Board, subject to the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders of the Trust or such Fund entitled to vote on termination; however, in certain circumstances described in the Declaration of Trust, only a majority vote of the Board is required. Although the shares are not automatically redeemable upon the occurrence of any specific event, the Declaration of Trust provides that the Board will have the unrestricted power to alter the number of shares in a Creation Unit. In the event of a termination of the Trust or a Fund, the Board, in its sole discretion, could determine to permit the shares to be redeemable in aggregations smaller than Creation Units or to be individually redeemable. In such circumstance, the Trust may make redemptions in-kind, for cash or for a combination of cash or securities.
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds.  Shares of each Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.
DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (“DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities’ certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE, the NYSE Amex Equities and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”).
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Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the shares of each Fund held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares of the Trust. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in shares of each Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants. DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to shares of the Trust at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units
General. The Trust issues and sells shares of each Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor or its agent, without a sales load, at a price based on the Fund's NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined below), of an order received by the Distributor or its agent in proper form. The following table sets forth the number of shares of a Fund that constitute a Creation Unit for such Fund and the value of such Creation Unit as of May 31, 2013:
Fund   Shares Per
Creation Unit
  Value Per
Creation
Unit (U.S.$)
iShares Asia 50 ETF   100,000   $ 4,606,000
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   50,000   1,724,500
iShares Global Materials ETF   50,000   2,933,500
iShares Global Tech ETF   50,000   3,658,500
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF1   60,000   3,100,000
iShares India 50 ETF   50,000   1,215,500
iShares Latin America 40 ETF   250,000   10,165,000

1 The value per Creation Unit information for the iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF is as of June 4, 2014.
The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of shares outstanding of the Fund, and to make a corresponding change in the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit, in the event that the per share price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Board.
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A “Business Day” with respect to each Fund is any day on which the Listing Exchange on which the Fund is listed for trading is open for business. As of the date of this SAI, each Listing Exchange observes the following holidays, as observed: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of Creation Units of each Fund (except for the iShares India 50 ETF, which is generally offered in Creation Units solely for cash), generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) (“Deposit Securities”) and the Cash Component computed as described below. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which, when combined with the Fund's portfolio securities, is designed to generate performance that has a collective investment profile similar to that of the Underlying Index. The Fund Deposit represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of each applicable Fund.
The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the “Deposit Amount,” which is an amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities, and serves to compensate for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount. Payment of any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities are the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing a Creation Unit.
The iShares India 50 ETF’s current policy is to accept cash in substitution for the Deposit Securities it might otherwise accept as in-kind consideration for the purchase of Creation Units. The Fund may, at times, elect to receive Deposit Securities (i.e., the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities) and a Cash Component as consideration for the purchase of Creation Units. If the Fund elects to accept Deposit Securities, a purchaser’s delivery of the Deposit Securities together with the Cash Component will constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which will represent the consideration for a Creation Unit of the Fund. All other Funds discussed in this SAI generally offer Creation Units partially for cash, but may, in certain circumstances, offer Creation Units solely in cash. Please see the Cash Purchase Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the Deposit Security method for further information on purchasing Creation Units of the Funds.
BFA makes available through the NSCC on each Business Day prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange, the list of names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security and the amount of the Cash Component to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information as of the end of the previous Business Day for each Fund). Such Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, to purchases of Creation Units of shares of the Fund until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit is made available.
The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities change pursuant to changes in the composition of a Fund's portfolio and as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by BFA with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities constituting the relevant Underlying Index.
The Funds reserve the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through DTC. The Funds also reserve the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which (i) the delivery of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under applicable securities or other local laws or (ii) the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under applicable securities or other local laws, or in certain other situations. As noted above, Creation Units of the iShares India 50 ETF currently are available only for cash purchases.
Cash Purchase Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified (Creation Units of the iShares India 50 ETF are generally offered solely for cash, while Creation Units of all other Funds in this SAI are generally offered partially for cash), they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a partial or full cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser.
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The Authorized Participant will also be required to pay certain transaction fees and charges for cash purchases, as described below, and, if transacting as broker with each Fund, may be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution and market impact costs through an Execution Performance Guarantee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
Role of the Authorized Participant. Creation Units may be purchased only by or through a DTC Participant that has entered into an Authorized Participant Agreement with the Distributor (an “Authorized Participant”). Such Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of such Authorized Participant Agreement and on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that such Authorized Participant will make available in advance of each purchase of shares an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component, once the net asset value of a Creation Unit is next determined after receipt of the purchase order in proper form, together with the transaction fees described below. An Authorized Participant, acting on behalf of an investor, may require the investor to enter into an agreement with such Authorized Participant with respect to certain matters, including payment of the Cash Component. Investors who are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not be a DTC Participant or may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement and that orders to purchase Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant. As a result, purchase orders placed through an Authorized Participant may result in additional charges to such investor. The Trust does not expect to enter into an Authorized Participant Agreement with more than a small number of DTC Participants. A list of current Authorized Participants may be obtained from the Distributor.
Purchase Orders.  To initiate an order for a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit to the Distributor or its agent an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund (except for the iShares India 50 ETF) generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day to receive that day’s NAV. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of the iShares India 50 ETF before 3:30 p.m., Mumbai, India time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Funds may require orders for Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. The Distributor or its agent will notify BFA and the custodian of such order. The custodian will then provide such information to any appropriate sub-custodian. Procedures and requirements governing the delivery of the Fund Deposit are set forth in the procedures handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a creation request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request. Those placing orders to purchase Creation Units through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Distributor or its agent by the Cutoff Time (as defined below) on such Business Day.
The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the contractual settlement date, by means satisfactory to the Funds, immediately available or same day funds estimated by the Funds to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component next determined after acceptance of the purchase order, together with the applicable purchase transaction fees. Any excess funds will be returned following settlement of the issue of the Creation Unit. Those placing orders should ascertain the applicable deadline for cash transfers by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effectuating the transfer of the Cash Component. This deadline is likely to be significantly earlier than the Cutoff Time of the Funds. Investors should be aware that an Authorized Participant may require orders for purchases of shares placed with it to be in the particular form required by the individual Authorized Participant.
The Authorized Participant is responsible for any and all expenses and costs incurred by a Fund, including any applicable cash amounts, in connection with any purchase order.
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund (except for the iShares India 50 ETF) generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of the iShares India 50 ETF before 3:30 p.m., Mumbai, India time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Creation Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor or its agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement, as described below. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or its agent or an Authorized Participant. Orders to create shares of a Fund that are submitted on the Business Day immediately preceding a holiday or a day (other than a weekend) when the equity markets in the relevant non-U.S. market are closed may not be accepted. Each Fund's deadline specified above for the submission of purchase orders is referred to as that Fund's
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“Cutoff Time.” The Distributor or its agent, in their discretion, may permit the submission of such orders and requests by or through an Authorized Participant at any time (including on days on which the Listing Exchange is not open for business) via communication through the facilities of the Distributor's or its agent's proprietary website maintained for this purpose. Purchase orders and redemption requests, if accepted by the Trust, will be processed based on the NAV next determined after such acceptance in accordance with each Fund's Cutoff Times as provided in the Authorized Participant Agreement and disclosed in this SAI.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units.  Subject to the conditions that (i) an irrevocable purchase order has been submitted by the Authorized Participant (either on its own or another investor's behalf) and (ii) arrangements satisfactory to the Funds are in place for payment of the Cash Component and any other cash amounts which may be due, the Funds will accept the order, subject to each Fund's right (and the right of the Distributor and BFA) to reject any order until acceptance, as set forth below.
Once a Fund has accepted an order, upon the next determination of the net asset value of the shares, the Fund will confirm the issuance of a Creation Unit, against receipt of payment, at such net asset value. The Distributor or its agent will then transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.
Each Fund reserves the absolute right to reject or revoke a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor or its agent if (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (iii) the Deposit Securities delivered do not conform to the identity and number of shares specified, as described above; (iv) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (vi) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the discretion of the Fund or BFA, have an adverse effect on the Fund or the rights of beneficial owners; or (vii) circumstances outside the control of the Fund, the Distributor or its agent and BFA make it impracticable to process purchase orders. The Distributor or its agent shall notify a prospective purchaser of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such purchaser of its rejection of such order. The Funds, State Street, the sub-custodian and the Distributor or its agent are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification.
In addition, the iShares India 50 ETF intends to exercise its right to reject any creation order for shares of the Fund on any Business Day that is a holiday in the Indian market, but not a holiday observed in the U.S. equity market, and certain other holidays during the settlement cycle for Fund shares, in order to protect Fund shareholders from any dilutive costs that may be associated with the purchase of Deposit Securities in connection with creation orders on such days.
Issuance of a Creation Unit.  Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the applicable Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the custodian that the securities included in the Fund Deposit (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Distributor or its agent and BFA shall be notified of such delivery and the applicable Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit. Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+3 basis” (i.e., three Business Days after trade date). For the iShares Asia 50 ETF, Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+2 basis” (i.e., two Business Days after trade date). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than T+2 or T+3, as applicable, in order to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (i.e., the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security) and in certain other circumstances.
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor, each Fund will issue Creation Units to such Authorized Participant, notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Fund Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities in accordance with the Funds' then-effective procedures. The only collateral that is acceptable to the Funds is cash in U.S. dollars. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on the contractual settlement date. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. Information concerning the Funds' current procedures for collateralization of missing Deposit Securities is available from the
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Distributor or its agent. The Authorized Participant Agreement will permit the Funds to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Funds of purchasing such securities and the cash collateral.
In certain cases, Authorized Participants may create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date and in these instances, the Funds reserve the right to settle these transactions on a net basis or require a representation from the Authorized Participants that the creation and redemption transactions are for separate beneficial owners. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by each Fund and the Fund's determination shall be final and binding.
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions.  A standard creation transaction fee is imposed to offset the transfer, processing and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The standard creation transaction fee is charged on each Creation Unit created by an Authorized Participant on the day of the transaction. The standard creation transaction fee is generally fixed at the amount shown in the table regardless of the number of Creation Units being purchased, but may be reduced by each Fund if transfer and processing expenses associated with the creation are anticipated to be lower than the stated fee. If a purchase consists of a cash portion, the Authorized Participant may also be required to pay an additional transaction charge (up to the maximum amount shown below) to cover brokerage and certain other costs related to the creation transaction. Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Deposit Securities to the Funds. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard creation transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations*
iShares Asia 50 ETF   $2,500   3.0%
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   250   3.0%
iShares Global Materials ETF   1,700   3.0%
iShares Global Tech ETF   1,400   3.0%
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF   300   3.0%
iShares India 50 ETF   2,500   3.0%
iShares Latin America 40 ETF   450   3.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit.
If a purchase consists of a cash portion and each Fund places a brokerage transaction to purchase portfolio securities with the Authorized Participant or its affiliated broker-dealer, the Authorized Participant (or its affiliated broker-dealer) may be required, in its capacity as broker-dealer with respect to that transaction, to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, and market impact costs through an Execution Performance Guarantee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
Redemption of Creation Units.  Shares of a Fund may be redeemed by Authorized Participants only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Distributor or its agent and only on a Business Day. The Funds will not redeem shares in amounts less than Creation Units. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the secondary market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a Creation Unit that could be redeemed by an Authorized Participant. Beneficial owners also may sell shares in the secondary market.
The iShares India 50 ETF generally redeems Creation Units solely for cash; however, the Fund reserves the right to distribute securities in-kind as payment for Creation Units being redeemed. All other Funds discussed in this SAI generally redeem Creation Units partially for cash. Please see the Cash Redemption Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the in-kind method for further information on redeeming Creation Units of the Funds.
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With respect to each Fund, BFA makes available through the NSCC, prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange on each Business Day, the designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”), and an amount of cash (the “Cash Amount,” as described below). Such Fund Securities and the corresponding Cash Amount (each subject to possible amendment or correction) are applicable, in order to effect redemptions of Creation Units of a Fund until such time as the next announced composition of the Fund Securities and Cash Amount is made available. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units.
Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for a Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of Fund Securities, plus the Cash Amount, which is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the shares being redeemed, as next determined after the receipt of a redemption request in proper form, and the value of Fund Securities, less a redemption transaction fee (as described below).
The Trust may, in its sole discretion, substitute a “cash in lieu” amount to replace any Fund Security. The amount of cash paid out in such cases will be equivalent to the value of the substituted security listed as a Fund Security. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the difference is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. The iShares India 50 ETF generally redeems Creation Units generally for cash. All other Funds discussed in this SAI generally redeem Creation Units partially for cash.
Cash Redemption Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified (Creation Units of the iShares India 50 ETF are generally redeemed solely for cash, while Creation Units of all other Funds in this SAI are generally redeemed partially for cash), they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions thereof. In the case of partial or full cash redemption, the Authorized Participant receives the cash equivalent of the Fund Securities it would otherwise receive through an in-kind redemption, plus the same Cash Amount to be paid to an in-kind redeemer. The Authorized Participant will also be required to pay certain transaction fees and charges for cash redemptions, as described below, and, if transacting as broker with each Fund, may be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution and market impact costs through an Execution Performance Guarantee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions.  A standard redemption transaction fee is imposed to offset transfer, processing and other transaction costs that may be incurred by the relevant Fund. The standard redemption transaction fee is charged on each Creation Unit redeemed by an Authorized Participant on the day of the transaction. The standard redemption transaction fee is generally fixed at the amount shown in the table regardless of the number of Creation Units being redeemed, but may be reduced by each Fund if transfer and processing expenses associated with the redemption are anticipated to be lower than the stated fee. If a redemption consists of a cash portion, the Authorized Participant may also be required to pay an additional transaction charge (up to the maximum amount shown below) to cover brokerage and certain other costs related to the redemption transaction. Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from a Fund to their account on their order. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to dispose of Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard redemption transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Redemption
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Redemptions*
iShares Asia 50 ETF   $2,500   2.0%
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   250   2.0%
iShares Global Materials ETF   1,700   2.0%
iShares Global Tech ETF   1,400   2.0%
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF   300   2.0%
iShares India 50 ETF   2,500   2.0%
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Fund   Standard Redemption
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Redemptions*
iShares Latin America 40 ETF   450   2.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit, inclusive of the standard redemption transaction fee.
If a redemption consists of a cash portion and each Fund places a brokerage transaction to sell portfolio securities with the Authorized Participant or its affiliated broker-dealer, the Authorized Participant (or its affiliated broker-dealer) may be required, in its capacity as broker-dealer with respect to that transaction, to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, and market impact costs through an Execution Performance Guarantee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
Placement of Redemption Orders. Redemption requests for Creation Units of the Funds must be submitted to the Distributor or its agent by or through an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable request to redeem shares of a Fund (except for the iShares India 50 ETF) generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable request to redeem shares of the iShares India 50 ETF before 3:30 p.m., Mumbai, India time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a redemption request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request.
The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption in the form required by the Funds to the Distributor or its agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement. At any time, only a limited number of broker-dealers will have an Authorized Participant Agreement in effect. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the shares to the Funds' transfer agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Funds' transfer agent the Creation Unit redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the Listing Exchange closing time on any Business Day, (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the applicable Fund is received by the Distributor or its agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified above and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement are properly followed. If the transfer agent does not receive the investor's shares through DTC's facilities by 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Business Day next following the day that the redemption request is received, the redemption request shall be rejected. Investors should be aware that the deadline for such transfers of shares through the DTC system may be significantly earlier than the close of business on the Listing Exchange. Those making redemption requests should ascertain the deadline applicable to transfers of shares through the DTC system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effecting the transfer of the shares.
Upon receiving a redemption request, the Distributor or its agent shall notify the applicable Fund and the Fund's transfer agent of such redemption request. The tender of an investor's shares for redemption and the distribution of the securities and/or cash included in the redemption payment made in respect of Creation Units redeemed will be made through DTC and the relevant Authorized Participant to the Beneficial Owner thereof as recorded on the book-entry system of DTC or the DTC Participant through which such investor holds, as the case may be, or by such other means specified by the Authorized Participant submitting the redemption request.
A redeeming Beneficial Owner or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Beneficial Owner must maintain appropriate security arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the portfolio securities are customarily traded, to which account such portfolio securities will be delivered.
Deliveries of redemption proceeds by each Fund generally will be made within three Business Days (i.e., “T+3”). However, for the iShares Asia 50 ETF, deliveries of redemption proceeds will be made within two Business Days (i.e., “T+2”) and for the
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iShares India 50 ETF, deliveries of redemption proceeds will be made within four Business Days (i.e., “T+4”). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle redemption transactions and deliver redemption proceeds on another basis to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (i.e., the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold) and in certain other circumstances. The Regular Holidays section hereto identifies the instances, if any, where more than seven days would be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Pursuant to an order of the SEC, the Trust will make delivery of redemption proceeds within the number of days stated in the Regular Holidays section to be the maximum number of days necessary to deliver redemption proceeds.
If neither the redeeming Beneficial Owner nor the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such redeeming Beneficial Owner has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of Fund Securities in the applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of Fund Securities in such jurisdiction, a Fund may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming Beneficial Owner will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In such case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the net asset value of its shares based on the NAV of the relevant Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charges specified above to offset the Fund's brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and each Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Fund cannot lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or cannot do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws.
Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit cash redemptions of Creation Units (except that, as noted above, Creation Units of each Fund generally will be redeemed partially for cash, with the exception Creation Units of the iShares India 50 ETF, which generally will be redeemed for cash), in the event that cash redemptions are permitted or required by the Trust, proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming shares as soon as practicable after the date of redemption (within seven calendar days thereafter, except for the instances listed in the Regular Holidays section in which more than seven calendar days would be needed).
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor or its agent, in the event an Authorized Participant has submitted a redemption request in proper form but is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to the Fund, at or prior to 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Listing Exchange business day after the date of submission of such redemption request, the Distributor or its agent will accept the redemption request in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing shares as soon as possible. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash, in U.S. dollars in immediately available funds, having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing shares. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the day after the date of submission of such redemption request and shall be held by State Street and marked-to-market daily. The fees of State Street and any sub-custodians in respect of the delivery, maintenance and redelivery of the cash collateral shall be payable by the Authorized Participant. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. The authorized participant agreement permits the Funds to acquire shares of the Funds at any time and subjects the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the aggregate of the cost to the Funds of purchasing such shares, plus the value of the Cash Amount, and the value of the cash collateral.
Because the portfolio securities of a Fund may trade on exchange(s) on days that the Listing Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for such Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of such Fund, or purchase or sell shares of such Fund on the Listing Exchange on days when the NAV of such a Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the Fund: (i) for any period during which the Listing Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the Listing Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund's portfolio securities or determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
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Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units.  An Authorized Participant generally will recognize either gain or loss upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units. This gain or loss is calculated by taking the market value of the Creation Units purchased over the Authorized Participant’s aggregate basis in the Deposit Securities exchanged therefor. However, the IRS may apply the wash sales rules to determine that any loss realized upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units is not currently deductible. Authorized Participants should consult their own tax advisors.
Current U.S. federal tax laws dictate that capital gain or loss realized from the redemption of Creation Units will generally create long-term capital gain or loss if the Authorized Participant holds the Creation Units for more than one year, or short-term capital gain or loss if the Creation Units were held for one year or less, if the Creation Units are held as capital assets.
Regular Holidays. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable non-U.S. market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a non-U.S. market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within the normal settlement period.
The securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming investors, coupled with non-U.S. market holiday schedules, will require a delivery process longer than seven calendar days, in certain circumstances. The holidays applicable to each Fund during such periods are listed below, as are instances where more than seven days will be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed below for each Fund. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local  securities delivery practices, could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.
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In calendar years 2013 and 2014, the dates of regular holidays affecting the relevant securities markets in which a Fund invests are as follows (please note these holiday schedules are subject to potential changes in the relevant securities markets):
2013
Australia
January 1 April 1 June 10 November 5
January 28 April 25 August 5 December 25
March 4 May 6 August 14 December 26
March 11 May 20 September 30  
March 29 June 3 October 7  
    
Austria
January 1 May 9 November 1 December 31
March 29 May 20 December 24  
April 1 May 30 December 25  
May 1 August 15 December 26  
    
Belgium
January 1 May 9 November 1  
March 29 May 10 November 11  
April 1 May 20 December 25  
May 1 August 15 December 26  
    
Brazil
January 1 March 29 November 15 December 31
January 25 May 1 November 20  
February 11 May 30 December 24  
February 12 July 9 December 25  
    
Canada
January 1 May 20 September 2 December 26
January 2 June 24 October 14  
February 18 July 1 November 11  
March 29 August 5 December 25  
    
The Cayman Islands
January 1 April 1 November 11  
January 28 May 20 December 25  
February 13 June 17 December 26  
March 29 July 1    
Chile
January 1 May 27 November 1  
March 29 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
May 21 September 19    
    
China
January 1 February 14 May 7 October 3
January 21 February 15 May 27 October 4
February 7 February 18 July 4 October 7
February 8 May 1 September 2 October 14
February 11 May 2 September 30 November 11
February 12 May 3 October 1 November 28
February 13 May 6 October 2 December 25
    
Colombia
January 1 May 1 August 7 December 25
January 7 May 13 August 19 December 31
March 25 June 3 October 14  
March 28 June 10 November 4  
March 29 July 1 November 11  
    
The Czech Republic
January 1 July 5 December 26  
April 1 October 28 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
May 8 December 25    
    
Denmark
January 1 April 26 December 24  
March 28 May 9 December 25  
March 29 May 20 December 26  
April 1 June 5 December 31  
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Egypt
January 1 May 5 August 8 October 16
January 7 May 6 August 11 November 4
January 24 July 1 October 6 November 5
April 25 July 23 October 14  
May 1 August 7 October 15  
The Egyptian market is closed every Friday.
Finland
January 1 May 9 December 25  
March 29 June 21 December 26  
April 1 December 6 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
    
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
March 29 May 9 December 25  
April 1 August 15 December 26  
May 1 November 1    
    
Germany
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 25
February 11 May 9 October 3 December 26
March 29 May 20 November 1 December 31
April 1 May 30 December 24  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 4 September 20 December 26
February 11 May 1 October 1 December 31
February 12 May 17 October 14  
March 29 June 12 December 24  
April 1 July 1 December 25  
    
India
January 25 April 20 August 10 November 4
January 26 April 23 August 15 November 5
March 27 May 1 August 22 November 14
March 29 May 25 September 9 November 15
April 1 June 29 September 30 December 25
April 11 July 1 October 2  
April 19 August 9 October 16  
Indonesia
January 1 May 9 August 12 December 24
January 25 June 7 August 13 December 25
March 12 August 7 October 15 December 26
March 29 August 8 November 4 December 30
April 11 August 9 November 5 December 31
    
Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 28 December 27
March 18 May 6 December 24  
March 29 June 3 December 25  
April 1 August 5 December 26  
    
Italy
January 1 May 1 December 25  
March 29 August 15 December 26  
April 1 November 1 December 31  
April 25 December 24    
    
Japan
January 1 February 11 May 6 October 14
January 2 March 20 July 15 November 4
January 3 April 29 September 16 December 23
January 14 May 3 September 23 December 31
    
Luxembourg
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 25
March 29 May 9 November 1 December 26
April 1 May 20 December 24  
    
Malaysia
January 1 May 1 June 1 October 15
January 24 May 24 August 7 November 4
February 1 May 25 August 8 November 5
February 11 May 30 August 9 December 25
February 12 May 31 August 31  
    
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Mexico
January 1 March 21 September 16 December 25
February 4 March 28 November 18  
February 5 March 29 November 20  
March 18 May 1 December 12  
    
The Netherlands
January 1 April 30 May 20  
March 29 May 1 December 25  
April 1 May 9 December 26  
    
Norway
January 1 May 1 December 24  
March 28 May 9 December 25  
March 29 May 17 December 26  
April 1 May 20 December 31  
    
Peru
January 1 July 29 December 24  
March 28 August 30 December 25  
March 29 October 8 December 31  
May 1 November 1    
    
Portugal
January 1 April 25 June 13 December 25
February 12 May 1 August 15 December 26
March 29 May 30 November 1  
April 1 June 10 December 24  
    
Russia
January 1 January 8 May 9  
January 2 January 9 May 10  
January 3 February 25 June 12  
January 4 March 8 November 4  
January 7 May 1    
    
Singapore
January 1 May 24 November 2  
February 11 May 25 November 4  
February 12 August 8 December 25  
March 29 August 9    
May 1 October 15    
South Africa
January 1 May 1 December 16  
March 21 June 17 December 25  
March 29 August 9 December 26  
April 1 September 24    
    
South Korea
January 1 May 17 September 19  
February 11 June 6 September 20  
March 1 July 17 October 3  
April 5 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
    
Spain
January 1 March 29 May 15 December 25
January 7 April 1 August 15 December 26
March 19 May 1 November 1  
March 28 May 2 December 6  
    
Sweden
January 1 May 9 December 25  
March 29 June 6 December 26  
April 1 June 21 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
    
Switzerland
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 2 May 9 September 5 December 31
March 19 May 20 November 1  
March 29 May 30 December 24  
April 1 August 1 December 25  
    
Taiwan
January 1 February 12 April 4 October 10
February 7 February 13 May 1  
February 8 February 14 June 12  
February 11 February 28 September 19  
    
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Turkey
January 1 August 9 October 16 October 29
April 23 August 30 October 17  
August 7 October 14 October 18  
August 8 October 15 October 28  
    
The United Kingdom
January 1 May 6 December 25  
March 29 May 27 December 26  
April 1 August 26    
    
The United States
January 1 May 27 November 11  
January 21 July 4 November 28  
February 18 September 2 December 25  
March 29 October 14    
2014
Australia
January 1 April 21 June 9 November 4
January 27 April 25 August 4 December 25
March 3 May 5 August 13 December 26
March 10 May 19 September 29  
April 18 June 2 October 6  
    
Austria
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 December 8 December 31
April 18 June 9 December 24  
April 21 June 19 December 25  
    
Belgium
January 1 May 29 August 15  
April 18 May 30 November 11  
April 21 June 9 December 25  
May 1 July 21 December 26  
    
Brazil
January 1 April 18 July 9 December 31
January 20 April 21 November 20  
March 3 May 1 December 24  
March 4 June 19 December 25  
Canada
January 1 May 19 September 1 December 26
January 2 June 24 October 13  
February 17 July 1 November 11  
April 18 August 4 December 25  
    
The Cayman Islands
January 1 April 21 November 10  
January 27 May 19 December 25  
March 5 June 16 December 26  
April 18 July 7    
    
Chile
January 1 June 16 December 8  
April 18 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
May 21 September 19    
    
China
January 1 February 6 May 7 October 6
January 20 February 7 May 26 October 7
January 30 February 17 July 4 October 13
January 31 May 1 September 1 November 11
February 3 May 2 October 1 November 27
February 4 May 5 October 2 December 25
February 5 May 6 October 3  
    
Colombia
January 1 May 1 August 18 December 25
January 6 June 2 October 13 December 31
March 24 June 23 November 3  
April 17 June 30 November 17  
April 18 August 7 December 8  
    
The Czech Republic
January 1 October 28 December 26  
April 21 November 17 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
May 8 December 25    
    
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Denmark
January 1 May 16 December 24  
April 17 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 5 December 26  
April 21 June 9 December 31  
    
Egypt
January 1 April 21 July 28 October 6
January 7 May 1 July 29  
January 13 July 1 July 30  
April 20 July 23 October 5  
The Egyptian market is closed every Friday.
Finland
January 1 May 1 December 25  
January 6 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 20 December 31  
April 21 December 24    
    
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
April 18 May 29 December 25  
April 21 July 14 December 26  
May 1 August 15    
    
Germany
April 6 December 25    
April 9 December 26    
May 1      
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 21 July 1 December 24
January30 May 1 September 9 December 25
January 31 May 6 October 1 December 26
April 18 June 2 October 2 December 31
India
January 14 April 18 August 15 October 6
February 27 May 1 August 18 October 23
March 17 May 14 August 23 November 4
March 31 June 30 August 29 November 6
April 1 July 1 September 30 December 25
April 8 July 29 October 2  
April 14 July 30 October 3  
    
Indonesia
January 1 May 15 July 30 December 24
January 13 May 26 July 31 December 25
January 31 May 29 August 1 December 26
March 31 July 28 August 18 December 31
April 18 July 29 October 6  
    
Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 27 December 29
March 17 May 5 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 4 December 26  
    
Italy
January 1 April 25 December 8 December 31
January 6 May 1 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 15 December 26  
    
Japan
January 1 February 11 July 21 November 3
January 2 March 21 September 15 November 24
January 3 April 29 September 23 December 23
January 13 May 5 October 13 December 31
    
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Luxembourg
January 1 May 1 June 23 December 25
April 18 May 29 August 15 December 26
April 21 June 9 December 24  
    
Malaysia
January 1 February 3 June 7 October 6
January 14 May 1 July 28 October 22
January 30 May 13 July 29 October 23
January 31 May 15 July 30 October 25
February 1 May 30 September 1 December 25
    
Mexico
January 1 March 21 September 16 December 25
February 3 April 17 November 17  
February 5 April 18 November 20  
March 17 May 1 December 12  
    
The Netherlands
January 1 April 30 June 9  
April 18 May 1 December 25  
April 21 May 29 December 26  
    
Norway
January 1 May 1 December 25  
April 17 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 9 December 31  
April 21 December 24    
    
Peru
January 1 July 28 December 24  
April 17 July 29 December 25  
April 18 October 8 December 31  
May 1 December 8    
    
Portugal
January 1 April 25 June 19 December 24
March 4 May 1 August 15 December 25
April 18 June 10 December 1 December 26
April 21 June 13 December 8  
Russia
January 1 January 8 May 9  
January 2 February 24 June 12  
January 3 March 10 June 13  
January 6 May 1 November 3  
January 7 May 2 November 4  
    
Singapore
January 1 May 1 August 9 December 25
January 31 May 13 October 6  
February 1 May 15 October 22  
April 18 July 28 October 23  
    
South Africa
January 1 April 28 December 16  
March 21 May 1 December 25  
April 18 June 16 December 26  
April 21 September 24    
    
South Korea
January 1 March 1 August 15 October 3
January 30 May 5 September 7 December 24
January 31 May 6 September 8  
February 1 June 6 September 9  
    
Spain
January 1 April 21 July 25 December 25
January 6 May 1 August 15 December 26
April 17 May 2 September 9  
April 18 May 15 December 8  
    
Sweden
January 1 May 1 December 24  
January 6 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 6 December 26  
April 21 June 20 December 31  
    
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Switzerland
January 1 April 21 August 1 December 25
January 2 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 September 11 December 31
March 19 June 9 December 8  
April 18 June 19 December 24  
    
Taiwan
January 1 January 31 May 1  
January 28 February 3 September 8  
January 29 February 4 October 10  
January 30 February 28    
    
Turkey
January 1 July 28 October 3 October 28
April 23 July 29 October 6 October 29
May 19 July 30 October 7  
The United Kingdom
January 1 May 5 December 25  
April 18 May 26 December 26  
April 21 August 25    
       
    
The United States
January 1 May 26 November 11
January 20 July 4 November 27
February 17 September 1 December 25
April 18 October 13  
Redemptions.  The longest redemption cycle for a Fund is a function of the longest redemption cycle among the countries and regions whose stocks comprise the Funds. In the calendar years 2013 and 2014, the dates of regular holidays affecting the following securities markets present the worst-case redemption cycles* for a Fund as follows:
2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Austria   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
China   02/04/13   02/19/13   15
    02/05/13   02/20/13   15
    02/06/13   02/21/13   15
    04/26/13   05/08/13   12
    04/29/13   05/09/13   10
    04/30/13   05/10/13   10
    09/25/13   10/08/13   13
    09/26/13   10/09/13   13
    09/27/13   10/10/13   13
             
The Czech Republic   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Denmark   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
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2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Egypt   10/08/13   10/17/13   9
    10/09/13   10/18/13   9
    10/10/13   10/21/13   11
    10/29/13   11/06/13   8
    10/30/13   11/07/13   8
    10/31/13   11/08/13   8
             
Finland   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Germany   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Indonesia   08/02/13   08/14/13   12
    08/05/13   08/15/13   10
    08/06/13   08/16/13   10
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   01/02/14   13
    12/23/13   01/03/14   11
             
Ireland   12/19/13   12/30/13   11
    12/20/13   12/31/13   11
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Italy   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Luxembourg   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
             
Malaysia   08/02/13   08/12/13   10
    08/05/13   08/13/13   8
    08/06/13   08/14/13   8
             
Norway   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Portugal   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
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2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
             
South Africa   03/14/13   03/22/13   8
    03/15/13   03/25/13   10
    03/18/13   03/26/13   8
    03/19/13   03/27/13   8
    03/20/13   03/28/13   8
    03/22/13   04/02/13   11
    03/25/13   04/03/13   8
    03/26/13   04/04/13   8
    03/27/13   04/05/13   8
    03/28/13   04/08/13   11
    04/24/13   05/02/13   8
    04/25/13   05/03/13   8
    04/26/13   05/06/13   10
    04/29/13   05/07/13   8
    04/30/13   05/08/13   8
    06/10/13   06/18/13   8
    06/11/13   06/19/13   8
    06/12/13   06/20/13   8
    06/13/13   06/21/13   8
    06/14/13   06/24/13   10
    08/02/13   08/12/13   10
    08/05/13   08/13/13   8
    08/06/13   08/14/13   8
    08/07/13   08/15/13   8
    08/08/13   08/16/13   8
    09/17/13   09/25/13   8
    09/18/13   09/26/13   8
    09/19/13   09/27/13   8
    09/20/13   09/30/13   10
    09/23/13   10/01/13   8
    12/11/13   12/19/13   8
    12/12/13   12/20/13   8
    12/13/13   12/23/13   10
    12/18/13   12/27/13   9
    12/19/13   12/30/13   11
    12/20/13   12/31/13   11
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/24/13   01/03/14   10
             
Spain   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
             
Sweden   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Switzerland   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
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2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Taiwan   02/05/13   02/15/13   10
    02/06/13   02/18/13   12
             
Turkey   10/10/13   10/21/13   11
    10/11/13   10/22/13   11
             
    
2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Austria   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
The Czech Republic   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Denmark   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    04/14/14   04/23/14   8
    04/15/14   04/24/14   8
    04/16/14   04/25/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Egypt   12/31/13   01/08/14   8
    01/06/14   01/14/14   8
    04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    04/17/14   04/27/14   10
    07/21/14   07/31/14   10
    07/22/14   08/03/14   12
    07/24/14   08/04/14   11
    09/29/14   10/07/14   8
    09/30/14   10/08/14   8
    10/01/14   10/09/14   8
    10/02/14   10/12/14   10
             
Finland   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Indonesia   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    07/23/14   08/04/14   12
    07/24/14   08/05/14   12
    07/25/14   08/06/14   12
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   11
             
Ireland   12/23/14   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Italy   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Japan   12/26/13   01/06/14   11
    12/27/13   01/07/14   11
    12/30/13   01/08/14   9
    12/26/14   01/05/15   10
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
    12/30/14   01/07/15   8
             
Luxembourg   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
             
Malaysia   01/27/14   02/04/14   8
    01/28/14   02/05/14   8
    01/29/14   02/06/14   8
    07/23/14   07/31/14   8
    07/24/14   08/01/14   8
    07/25/14   08/04/14   10
             
Norway   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Portugal   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
             
Russia   12/27/14   01/09/14   13
    12/30/14   01/10/14   11
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/31/14   01/13/14   13
             
South Africa   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/24/13   01/03/14   10
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/30/13   01/07/14   8
    12/31/13   01/08/14   8
    03/14/14   03/24/14   10
    03/17/14   03/25/14   8
    03/18/14   03/26/14   8
    03/19/14   03/27/14   8
    03/20/14   03/28/14   8
    04/11/14   04/22/14   9
    04/14/14   04/23/14   9
    04/15/14   04/24/14   9
    04/16/14   04/25/14   9
    04/17/14   04/29/14   12
    04/22/14   04/30/14   8
    04/23/14   05/02/14   9
    04/24/14   05/05/14   11
    04/25/14   05/06/14   11
    04/29/14   05/07/14   8
    04/30/14   05/08/14   8
    06/09/14   06/17/14   8
    06/10/14   06/18/14   8
    06/11/14   06/19/14   8
    06/12/14   06/20/14   8
    06/13/14   06/23/14   10
    09/17/14   09/25/14   8
    09/18/14   09/26/14   8
    09/19/14   09/29/14   10
    09/22/14   09/30/14   8
    09/23/14   10/01/14   8
    12/09/14   12/17/14   8
    12/10/14   12/18/14   8
    12/11/14   12/19/14   8
    12/12/14   12/22/14   10
    12/15/14   12/23/14   8
    12/18/14   12/29/14   11
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
    12/14/14   01/05/15   12
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
    12/30/14   01/07/15   8
    12/31/14   01/08/15   8
             
Spain   04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
             
Sweden   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Switzerland   12/23/13   01/03/14   11
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/30/13   01/07/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/05/14   13
    12/29/14   01/06/14   8
    12/30/14   01/07/14   8
             
Taiwan   01/24/14   02/05/14   12
    01/27/14   02/06/14   10

* These worst-case redemption cycles are based on information regarding regular holidays, which may be out of date. Based on changes in holidays, longer (worse) redemption cycles are possible.
Taxes
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of a Fund. This summary does not address all of the potential U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to a Fund or to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special tax rules. Current and prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of investing in a Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications.  Each Fund intends to continue to qualify for treatment as a separate RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, each Fund must annually distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes dividends, interest and net short-term capital gains) and meet several other requirements. Among such other requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of each Fund’s annual gross income must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or non-U.S. currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income); and (ii) at the close of each quarter of each Fund's taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of each Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited for purposes of this calculation in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of each Fund's total assets may be invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, of two or more issuers of which 20% or more of the voting stock is held by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly-traded partnerships.
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A Fund may be able to cure a failure to derive 90% of its income from the sources specified above or a failure to diversify its holdings in the manner described above by paying a tax and/or by disposing of certain assets. If, in any taxable year, a Fund fails one of these tests and does not timely cure the failure, that Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by that Fund in computing its taxable income.
Although, in general, the passive loss rules of the Internal Revenue Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships. A Fund's investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly-traded partnerships, may result in the Fund being subject to state, local, or non-U.S. income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
Taxation of RICs.  As a RIC, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, a Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., income other than its net realized long-term capital gain over its net realized short-term capital loss), plus or minus certain adjustments, and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. A Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders. If a Fund fails to qualify for any taxable year as a RIC or fails to meet the distribution requirement, all of its taxable income will be subject to tax at regular corporate income tax rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. In such event, distributions to individuals should be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income and distributions to corporate shareholders generally should be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Although each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and its capital gains for each taxable year, each Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a RIC. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the Fund had been liquidated) if it qualifies as a RIC in a subsequent year.
Excise Tax. A Fund will be subject to a 4% excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the 12 months ended October 31 of such year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by a Fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. Each Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of this 4% excise tax.
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards.  Net capital loss carryforwards may be applied against any net realized capital gains in each succeeding year, until they have been reduced to zero or until their respective expiration dates, whichever occurs first. Capital loss carryforwards from taxable years beginning after 2010 are not subject to expiration, and short-term and long-term capital loss carryforwards from such taxable years may only be applied against net realized short-term and long-term capital gains, respectively.
In the event that a Fund were to experience an ownership change as defined under the Internal Revenue Code, the Fund’s loss carryforwards and other favorable tax attributes of a Fund, if any, may be subject to limitation.
The following Funds had net capital loss carryforwards as of March 31, 2013, the tax year-end for the Funds:
Fund   Non-Expiring 1   Expiring
2014
  Expiring
2015
  Expiring
2016
  Expiring
2017
  Expiring
2018
  Expiring
2019
  Total
iShares Asia 50 ETF   $ 5,010,114   $—   $—   $—   $4,137,780   $114,299   $1,228,150   $10,490,343
iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   5,877,053           7,454   506,438   6,390,945
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Fund   Non-Expiring 1   Expiring
2014
  Expiring
2015
  Expiring
2016
  Expiring
2017
  Expiring
2018
  Expiring
2019
  Total
iShares Global Materials ETF   23,318,221     2,966   455,218   3,417,547   12,443,350   15,013,970   54,651,272
iShares Global Tech ETF   10,258,187   401,105   358,238   418,537   8,517,749   6,597,896   3,985,882   30,537,594
iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF   6,634,435               6,634,435
iShares India 50 ETF   33,376,490             49,689   33,426,179
iShares Latin America 40 ETF   213,158,109     233,743   844,965   23,841,805   201,370,437     439,449,059

1 Must be utilized prior to losses subject to expiration.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends and other distributions by a Fund are generally treated under the Internal Revenue Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or distribution declared by a Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month shall be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year and to have been paid by the Fund not later than such December 31, provided such dividend is actually paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year.
Each Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if a Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.
Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that a Fund reports as capital gains dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. All other dividends of a Fund (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current and accumulated earnings and profits (“regular dividends”) are generally subject to tax as ordinary income, subject to the discussion of qualified dividend income below. Beginning in 2013, married couples filing jointly with income over $450,000 and unmarried individuals with income over $400,000 are subject to a 20% tax on any income in excess of those amounts that is long-term capital gain or qualified dividend income, and generally all other long-term capital gain is taxed at 15% (0% at certain income levels). In addition, the top marginal ordinary income tax rate is 39.6% for income in excess of the above thresholds.
If an individual receives a regular dividend qualifying for the long-term capital gains rates and such dividend constitutes an “extraordinary dividend,” and the individual subsequently recognizes a loss on the sale or exchange of stock in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term capital loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An “extraordinary dividend” on common stock for this purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 10% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period, or (ii) in an amount greater than 20% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.
Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds shares of the Fund as capital assets). Distributions in excess of the Fund’s minimum distribution requirements, but not in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits, will be taxable to shareholders and will not constitute nontaxable returns of capital. Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be
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treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount. Dividends paid by the Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations may qualify for the U.S. federal dividends received deduction for corporations.
A 3.8% U.S. federal Medicare contribution tax is imposed on net investment income, including, but not limited to, interest, dividends, and net gain from investments, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married and filing jointly), and of estates and trusts.
Investors considering buying shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them. If a Fund is the holder of record of any security on the record date for any dividends payable with respect to such security, such dividends will be included in the Fund’s gross income not as of the date received but as of the later of (a) the date such security became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends (i.e., the date on which a buyer of the security would not be entitled to receive the declared, but unpaid, dividends); or (b) the date the Fund acquired such security. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, a Fund may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.
In certain situations, a Fund may, for a taxable year, defer all or a portion of its net capital loss realized after October and its late-year ordinary loss (defined as the excess of a Fund’s post-October foreign currency and “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) losses and other post-December ordinary losses over post-October foreign currency and PFIC gains and other post-December ordinary income) until the next taxable year in computing its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, which will defer the recognition of such realized losses. Such deferrals and other rules regarding gains and losses realized after October (or December) may affect the tax character of shareholder distributions.
Sales of Shares.  Upon the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund. A redemption of shares by a Fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the Funds, by, or by an option on, substantially identical shares within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder with respect to such share. The Medicare contribution tax described above will apply to the sale of Fund shares.
If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of a Fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then, on or before January 31 of the following calendar year, acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain/loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis of the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents shareholders from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting their investments within a family of mutual funds.
Back-Up Withholding.  In certain cases, a Fund will be required to withhold at a 28% rate and remit to the U.S. Treasury such amounts withheld from any distributions paid to a shareholder who: (i) has failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number; (ii) is subject to back-up withholding by the IRS; (iii) has failed to certify to a Fund that such shareholder is not subject to back-up withholding; or (iv) has not certified that such shareholder is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). Back-up withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability.
Sections 351 and 362.  The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, has the right to reject an order for a purchase of shares of the Fund if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund and if, pursuant to Sections 351 and 362 of the Internal Revenue Code, that Fund would have
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a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. If a Fund’s basis in such securities on the date of deposit was less than market value on such date, the Fund, upon disposition of the securities, would recognize more taxable gain or less taxable loss than if its basis in the securities had been equal to market value. It is not anticipated that the Trust will exercise the right of rejection except in a case where the Trust determines that accepting the order could result in material adverse tax consequences to a Fund or its shareholders. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.
Taxation of Certain Derivatives. A Fund’s transactions in zero coupon securities, non-U.S. currencies, forward contracts, options and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on non-U.S. currencies), to the extent permitted, will be subject to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require a Fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year) and (b) may cause a Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. Each Fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any zero coupon security, non-U.S. currency, forward contract, option, futures contract or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC.
A Fund’s investments in so-called “Section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most non-U.S. currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most security indexes, are subject to special tax rules. All Section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the Fund from positions in Section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the Fund.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, a Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. A Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, a Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.
Qualified Dividend Income.  Distributions by the Fund of investment company taxable income (including any short-term capital gains), whether received in cash or shares, will be taxable either as ordinary income or as qualified dividend income, which is eligible to be taxed at long-term capital gain rates to the extent the Fund receives qualified dividend income on the securities it holds and the Fund reports the distribution as qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable U.S. corporations (but generally not from U.S. REITs) and certain non-U.S. corporations (e.g., non-U.S. corporations that are not “passive foreign investment companies” and which are incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or the stock of which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States (where the dividends are paid with respect to such stock)). Under current IRS guidance, the United States has appropriate comprehensive income tax treaties with the following countries: Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China (but not with Hong Kong, which is treated as a separate jurisdiction for U.S. tax purposes), Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela. Substitute payments received by the Fund for securities lent out by the Fund will not be qualified dividend income.
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A dividend from the Fund will not be treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that (i) the shareholder has not held the shares on which the dividend was paid for 61 days during the 121-day period that begins on the date that is 60 days before the date on which the shares become ex-dividend with respect to such dividend or the Fund fails to satisfy those holding period requirements with respect to the securities it holds that paid the dividends distributed to the shareholder (or, in the case of certain preferred stocks, the holding requirement of 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend); (ii) the Fund or the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property; or (iii) the shareholder elects to treat such dividend as investment income under Section 163(d)(4)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT or another RIC may be treated as qualified dividend income only to the extent the dividend distributions are attributable to qualified dividend income received by such REIT or other RIC. It is expected that dividends received by the Fund from a REIT and distributed to a shareholder generally will be taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income. Distributions by the Fund of its net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income.
If your Fund shares are loaned pursuant to securities lending arrangements, you may lose the ability to use any non-U.S. tax credits passed through by the Fund or to treat Fund dividends (paid while the shares are held by the borrower) as qualified dividends. If the Fund enters into a short sale with respect to shares of the Fund, substitute payments made to the lender of such shares may not be deductible. Consult your financial intermediary or tax advisor.
Corporate Dividends Received Deduction. Dividends paid by a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations may qualify for the U.S. federal dividends received deduction for corporations. A 46-day minimum holding period during the 90-day period that begins 45 days prior to ex-dividend date (or 91-day minimum holding period during the 180 period beginning 90 days prior to ex-dividend date for certain preference dividends) during which risk of loss may not be diminished is required for the applicable shares, at both the Fund and shareholder level, for a dividend to be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Restrictions may apply if indebtedness, including a short sale, is attributable to the investment.
Issues Related to India and Mauritius Taxes.  The following discussion does not address the effect on investors, including residents of India and citizens of India (whether or not residing in India or other countries, including the United States), of holding shares of the iShares India 50 ETF. Investors should consult their own tax advisors as to these issues based upon their own personal situations.
Indian tax matters discussed herein are based on the provisions of the IT Act, the provisions of the DTAA and other laws currently in force as of the date of this SAI. All such laws and the DTAA are subject to prospective and retrospective legislative amendment, administrative rulings and judicial review.
The iShares India 50 ETF invests in India through the Subsidiary. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Subsidiary has elected to be treated as an entity disregarded from its owner. Thus, for U.S. federal tax purposes, any income or loss realized by the Subsidiary will be treated as realized by the applicable fund. Therefore, any investment made by each Fund into the Subsidiary and any distributions received by the Fund from the Subsidiary are disregarded for U.S. federal tax purposes. Furthermore, there is no tax on each Fund's investment in the Subsidiary or on distributions made from the Subsidiary to the Fund.
No investor in the iShares India 50 ETF will be subject to taxation in India, unless such investor is a resident of India or, if a non-resident, has an Indian source income or income received (whether accrued or otherwise) in India. The taxation of the Subsidiary and the Fund in India is governed by the provisions of the ITA, read with the provisions of the DTAA. As per Section 90(2) of the ITA, the provisions of the ITA would apply to the extent they are more beneficial than the provisions of the DTAA. In order to claim the beneficial provisions of the DTAA, the Subsidiary must be a tax resident of Mauritius. Because the Subsidiary is a tax resident of Mauritius, only the Subsidiary would be subject to Indian taxes.
The Central Board of Direct Taxes in India in its Circular 789, issued on April 13, 2000, concluded that a valid residence certificate issued by the Mauritius authorities demonstrated Mauritian residency for purposes of establishing eligibility to qualify for benefits under the DTAA. The Circular was subject to judicial challenge in India by those asserting that the standards for establishing Mauritian residency for purposes of obtaining such a certificate were insufficient to establish residency for purposes of the DTAA. The Circular was successfully overturned in certain lower Indian courts but was eventually upheld by the highest applicable court, the Supreme Court of India, on October 7, 2003, accordingly the Subsidiary should be eligible for benefits under the DTAA. However, recently issued rulings suggest that a number of factors are being
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considered by the Indian tax administration when assessing whether a foreign entity is eligible for the benefit of the provisions of a tax treaty, including, among others, the place of management of the foreign resident company and the level of substance in the jurisdiction in which it is incorporated. In addition, both the Indian tax administration and Indian courts seem to be very aggressive towards structures involving offshore funds investing directly or indirectly in India, in particular from Mauritius.
The Subsidiary has been incorporated in Mauritius and has obtained a TRC from the Mauritius authorities that establishes its residency in Mauritius under the DTAA. The TRC must be renewed annually. The iShares India 50 ETF expects the Subsidiary to maintain its Mauritius tax residency, but it cannot be assured that the Mauritius authorities will successfully renew its TRC annually or that it will continue to be eligible to the DTAA benefits, particularly in light of the new requirements that may be introduced if the DTAA is re-negotiated.
Further, FA 13 provides that an investor is required to submit the tax residency certificate (“TRC”) as issued in the country of residence and provide other documents and information as prescribed by the Government to claim benefits under the DTAA.
The Subsidiary holds a Category 1 Global Business License issued by the Financial Services Commission of Mauritius. The Subsidiary is subject to tax in Mauritius on its net income at the rate of 15%. However, a system of foreign tax credits which allows a tax credit against Mauritian taxes for foreign tax on a Mauritian entity’s foreign source income effectively reduces the Mauritius income tax rate to a maximum of 3% because the system presumes, in the absence of evidence, that the foreign tax paid is equal to 80% of the Mauritian tax. Further, the Subsidiary is not subject to capital gains tax in Mauritius nor is it subject to tax in Mauritius on any gains from the sale of securities. Any dividends paid by the Subsidiary to the iShares India 50 ETF will also be exempt from tax in Mauritius.
The Subsidiary will attempt to abide by the requirements of the DTAA, to maintain its residency in Mauritius, and to ensure that management and control of the Subsidiary remain in Mauritius. It is uncertain whether the terms of this treaty will be renegotiated or subject to a different interpretation in the future. Any change in the provisions of the DTAA or in its applicability to the Subsidiary could result in the Subsidiary and indirectly the iShares India 50 ETF being subject to Indian income taxes, withholding taxes, and other taxes, as well as being subject to administrative or judicial assertion of such tax liabilities by the tax authorities of India. This could significantly reduce the return of the Fund on its investments and the return received by Fund shareholders. Further, it is possible even with renegotiation of the DTAA that the Indian tax authorities may seek to take the position that the Fund is not entitled to the benefits of the DTAA.
The Subsidiary is expected to have income in the form of capital gains, income from dividends and income from interest. The Indian tax consequences for the Subsidiary on account of the application of the DTAA, read with the provisions of the ITA, would be as follows (the rates are inclusive of the highest applicable surcharges):
Capital gains resulting from the sale of Indian securities (including depositary receipts issued by Indian companies) will not be subject to tax in India, provided the Subsidiary does not have Permanent Establishments (“PE”) in India;
Dividends on shares received from an Indian company on which dividend distribution tax has been paid are exempt from tax in the hands of the shareholders. However, the Indian company distributing dividends is subject to a dividend distribution tax at the rate of 16.995%; and
Interest paid to the Subsidiary in respect of the debt obligations of Indian issuers will be subject to Indian income tax. The tax rate, in the case of rupee-denominated debt obligations, is 43.26%. However if the Subsidiary is a SEBI registered sub-account, interest income earned from June 1, 2013 to June 1, 2015 on rupee-denominated bonds of Indian companies and Government securities, will be subject to tax at the rate of 5.41%, provided that the rate of interest does not exceed the prescribed rates. In the case of foreign currency-denominated debt obligations, the tax rate is 21.63%. For approved foreign currency loans advanced from July 1, 2012 to July 1, 2015, the tax rate on interest is 5.41%. However, if the Subsidiary is a SEBI registered sub-account, the interest from securities will be subject to tax at the rate of 21.63%.
In the event that the benefits of the DTAA are not available to the Subsidiary, or if the Subsidiary is held to have PE in India, taxation of interest and dividend income of the Subsidiary would be the same as described above. The taxation of capital gains would be as follows:
Long-term capital gains (being gains on sale of shares held for a period of more than twelve months) listed on a recognized stock exchange would not be taxable in India provided Securities Transaction Tax (“STT”) has been paid on the same (as discussed below);
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Short-term capital gains (being gains on sale of shares held for a period of twelve months or less) from the sale of Indian shares listed on a recognized stock exchange will be taxed at the rate of 16.223% provided STT has been paid on the same;
Long-term capital gains arising to the Subsidiary from the sale of unlisted securities will be taxed at the rate of 10.815% (without indexation) and short-term capital gains will be taxed at the rate of 43.26%*;
Capital gains realized on sale of listed equity shares not executed on a recognized stock exchange in India and other securities would be taxed at the rate of 21.63% for long-term gains and at 43.26% in the case of short-term gains;* and
Capital gains arising from the transfer of depositary receipts outside India between non-resident investors will not be subject to tax in India.

* However, if the Subsidiary is a SEBI registered sub-account, the rates will be 10.816% and 32.45%, respectively.
In a ruling issued by the Authority for Advance Rulings (“AAR”) in India, gains earned by a private equity fund based in Mauritius were held to be “business income.” It is possible that the Indian tax authorities may take a similar view in the case of the Subsidiary. In that event, such gains will not be taxable in India so long as the iShares India 50 ETF/Subsidiary do not have a PE in India. In the event that the Funds/Subsidiary are held to have a PE in India, gains attributable to the PE would be taxable in India at the rate of 43.26%.
Indian Minimum Alternative Tax
In the event that the benefits of the DTAA are not available to the Subsidiary, or if the Subsidiary is held to have PE in India, the Subsidiary may be subject to a Minimum Alternate Tax (“MAT”). In the event that a company’s tax liability is less than 18.5% of its book profits, then instead of paying income tax at rates provided otherwise under the ITA, the foreign company will pay MAT on the adjusted book profits at the rate of 20.008%.
In certain recent rulings issued by the AAR, it was held that MAT is applicable to foreign companies, irrespective of the existence of a permanent establishment in India. In the said cases, it was held that the capital gains earned by the Mauritius assessee-company from sale of shares of an Indian company would be entitled to the benefits under the DTAA. However, in relation to applicability of MAT, it was held that the MAT provisions would apply to the Mauritius company. Due to this decision, it is unclear whether MAT would be applicable to the Subsidiary even though the benefits of the DTAA are available to the Subsidiary.
Consequent to the aforesaid adverse ruling by the AAR, the assessees have filed Special Leave Petition before the Supreme Court of India, the leave for which has been granted by order dated May 7, 2013. Accordingly, a conclusive view can be formed on this issue post the decision of the Supreme Court of India.
Indian Securities Transaction Tax
All transactions entered on a recognized stock exchange in India will be subject to STT levied on the transaction value. In the case of the purchase/sale of listed equity shares which is settled by way of actual delivery or transfer of the equity share, no STT will be levied on the buyer and will be levied at the rate of 0.001% on the seller and at the rate of 0.2% on the sale of unlisted shares in an initial public offering. For sale of equity shares settled otherwise than by way actual delivery or transfer of the equity share, STT will be levied at the rate of 0.025% on the seller of the equity share. A seller of derivatives would be subjected to an STT of 0.01%. The STT can be set off against business income tax calculated as per provisions of ITA.
The foregoing is based upon current interpretation and practice and is subject to future changes in the tax laws of India or Mauritius and in the DTAA. Any change in the DTAA's application could have a material adverse effect on the returns of the iShares India 50 ETF. Further, it is possible that the Indian tax authorities may seek to take the position that the Fund is not entitled to the benefits of the DTAA.
The Direct Taxes Code and the Finance Act, 2012
Indian Tax Risk. In 2010, it was proposed that the IT Act may be replaced with the Direct Taxes Code. The Parliamentary Standing Committee released its comments on the draft Direct Taxes Code on March 9, 2012, which is under consideration by the Government of India. The revised Direct Taxes Code is yet to be tabeled before the Parliament for reconsideration.
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Given the delay in enacting the Direct Taxes Code, the Government of India, through the Finance Act 2012 (“FA 12”), which was enacted on May 28, 2012, had introduced certain key changes to the existing tax framework in India. FA 12 has provisions that impose Indian tax and withholding obligations with respect to the transfer of shares in an overseas company that derives its value substantially from assets situated in India (“indirect transfers”). Because the iShares India 50 ETF invests in Indian securities through the Subsidiary, this legislation by its terms subjects shareholder redemptions of Fund shares and sales of Fund investments to Indian tax and withholding obligations, both prospectively as well as retroactively. However, the CBDT issued a letter on May 29, 2012 clarifying the reopening of completed assessments as a result of the retroactive amendments introduced by the Finance Act. Under this letter, CBDT has directed Indian tax authorities to not reopen any assessment proceedings that were completed before April 1, 2012 and where no notice for reassessment has been issued prior to that date. It has also been clarified that any assessment or any other order which stands validated due to the amendments in the Finance Act would be enforced. Given this clarification issued by the CBDT, the Funds does not expect that shareholders or the Funds will become subject to tax or to withholding obligations with respect to completed assessments.
In addition, FA 12 had introduced the general tax anti-avoidance rules (“GAAR”) to curb aggressive tax planning with the use of sophisticated structures and was to be effective from April 1, 2013. Based on recommendations of the Expert Committee on GAAR established by the Government of India, FA 13 (which was enacted on May 10, 2013) has deferred the implementation of GAAR by two years and has also made some changes to the provisions of GAAR. GAAR would be now effective from financial year beginning from April 1, 2015 onwards.
If the iShares India 50 ETF use of the Subsidiary were considered to be such an impermissible avoidance arrangement, the Fund would become subject directly to taxation in India. GAAR is expected to come into force from April 2013. The burden of proof in enforcing the rule will reside with the Indian government, not the taxpayer, and India’s current double tax treaty arrangements will remain in force. However, GAAR may prevent the Funds from realizing the planned tax benefits of the Subsidiary, irrespective of existing beneficial treaty provisions, may lead to the imposition of tax liabilities and withholding obligations, and may lead the Fund to modify or disassemble its Subsidiary structure.
Provisions of the current legislation and the Direct Taxes Code (if enacted), could change the manner in which the Subsidiary are currently taxed in India and could adversely impact the returns to the iShares India 50 ETF/Subsidiary and their respective shareholders. The Funds will continue to monitor developments in India with respect to these matters. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to their own tax situations and the tax consequences of an investment in each of the Funds.
Excess Inclusion Income.  Under current law, the Funds serve to block unrelated business taxable income from being realized by their respective tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize unrelated business taxable income by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. Certain types of income received by a Fund from REITs, real estate mortgage investment conduits, taxable mortgage pools or other investments may cause the Fund to report some or all of its distributions as “excess inclusion income.” To Fund shareholders, such excess inclusion income may (i) constitute taxable income, as unrelated business taxable income for those shareholders who would otherwise be tax-exempt such as individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, Keogh plans, pension plans and certain charitable entities; (ii) not be offset by otherwise allowable deductions for tax purposes; (iii) not be eligible for reduced U.S. withholding for non-U.S. shareholders even from tax treaty countries; and (iv) cause the Fund to be subject to tax if certain “disqualified organizations,” as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, are Fund shareholders. If a charitable remainder annuity trust or a charitable remainder unitrust (each as defined in Section 664 of the Internal Revenue Code) has unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) for a taxable year, a 100% excise tax on the UBTI is imposed on the trust.
Non-U.S. Investments.  Under Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time a Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a non-U.S. currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. In general, gains (and losses) realized on debt instruments will be treated as Section 988 gain (or loss) to the extent attributable to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which the instruments are denominated. Similarly, gains or losses on non-U.S. currency, non-U.S. currency forward contracts and
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certain non-U.S. currency options or futures contracts denominated in non-U.S. currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss unless the Fund were to elect otherwise.
The Fund may be subject to non-U.S. income taxes withheld at the source. The Fund, if permitted to do so, may elect to “pass through” to its investors the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid by the Fund provided that the Fund held the security on the dividend settlement date and for at least 15 additional days immediately before and/or thereafter, with the result that each investor with respect to shares of the Fund held for a minimum 16-day holding period at the time of deemed distribution will (i) include in gross income, even though not actually received, the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes, and (ii) either deduct (in calculating U.S. taxable income, but only for investors who itemize their deductions on their personal tax returns) or credit (in calculating U.S. federal income tax) the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes. A non-U.S. person invested in the Fund in a year that the Fund elects to “pass through” its non-U.S. taxes may be treated as receiving additional dividend income subject to U.S. withholding tax. A non-U.S. tax credit may not exceed the investor’s U.S. federal income tax otherwise payable with respect to the investor’s non-U.S. source income. For this purpose, shareholders must treat as non-U.S. source gross income (i) their proportionate shares of non-U.S. taxes paid by the Fund and (ii) the portion of any dividend paid by the Fund that represents income derived from non-U.S. sources; the Fund’s gain from the sale of securities will generally be treated as U.S.-source income. Certain limitations will be imposed to the extent to which the non-U.S. tax credit may be claimed.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies.  If a Fund purchases shares in PFICs, it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.
If a Fund were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Internal Revenue Code, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund might be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund, and such amounts would be subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. In order to make this election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain.
Alternatively, a Fund may make a mark-to-market election that would result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased its PFIC stock at the end of each year. In such case, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct any such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. The election must be made separately for each PFIC owned by the Fund and, once made, would be effective for all subsequent taxable years, unless revoked with the consent of the IRS. By making the election, the Fund could potentially ameliorate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax.
A Fund will make the appropriate tax elections, if possible, and take any additional steps that are necessary to mitigate the effects of these rules.
Reporting.  If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Taxes.  Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and non-U.S. taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends paid by a Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term capital gains. Dividends paid by a Fund from net tax-exempt income or long-term capital gains are generally
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not subject to such withholding tax. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to back-up withholding at the appropriate rate.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, properly-reported dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of a Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, the Fund’s U.S. source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income) or (ii) are paid in respect of a Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable year). However, depending on its circumstances, a Fund may report all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if a Fund reports the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, distributions that a Fund reports as “short-term capital gain dividends” or “long-term capital gain dividends” will not be treated as such to a recipient foreign shareholder if the distribution is attributable to gain received from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property or an interest in a U.S. real property holding corporation and the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property exceeded certain levels. Instead, if the foreign shareholder has not owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of a Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of distribution, such distributions will be subject to 30% withholding by the Fund and will be treated as ordinary dividends to the foreign shareholder; if the foreign shareholder owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of the distribution, such distribution will be treated as real property gain subject to 35% withholding tax and could subject the foreign shareholder to U.S. filing requirements. Additionally, if a Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, a foreign shareholder realizing gains upon redemption from the Fund on or before December 31, 2013 could be subject to the 35% withholding tax and U.S. filing requirements unless more than 50% of the Fund’s shares were owned by U.S. persons at such time or unless the foreign person had not held more than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding shares throughout either such person’s holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years.
The rules laid out in the previous paragraph, other than the withholding rules, will apply notwithstanding the Fund’s participation in a wash sale transaction or its payment of a substitute dividend.
Provided that 50% or more of the value of a Fund’s stock is held by U.S. shareholders, distributions of U.S. real property interests (including securities in a U.S. real property holding corporation, unless such corporation is regularly traded on an established securities market and the Fund has held 5% or less of the outstanding shares of the corporation during the five-year period ending on the date of distribution) occurring on or before December 31, 2013, in redemption of a foreign shareholder’s shares of the Fund will cause the Fund to recognize gain. If a Fund is required to recognize gain, the amount of gain recognized will equal to the fair market value of such interests over the Fund’s adjusted bases to the extent of the greatest foreign ownership percentage of the Fund during the five-year period ending on the date of redemption.
A 30% withholding tax will be imposed on U.S.-source dividends, interest and other income items paid after June 30, 2014, and proceeds from the sale of property producing U.S.-source dividends and interest paid after December 31, 2016, to (i) foreign financial institutions, including non-U.S. investment funds, unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders; and (ii) certain other foreign entities, unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information, including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders; comply with due diligence
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procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts; report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained; agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information; and determine certain other information as to their account holders, or (ii) in the event of an intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other foreign entities will need to provide the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership, unless certain exceptions apply, or agree to provide certain information to other revenue authorities for transmittal to the IRS.
Shares of a Fund held by a non-U.S. shareholder at death will be considered situated within the United States and subject to the U.S. estate tax.
The foregoing discussion is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations only and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of shares should consult their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of investing in such shares, including consequences under state, local and non-U.S. tax laws. Finally, the foregoing discussion is based on applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, judicial authority and administrative interpretations in effect on the date of this SAI. Changes in applicable authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed above, and such changes often occur.
Financial Statements
Each Fund's audited Financial Statements, including the Financial Highlights, appearing in the Annual Report to Shareholders and the report therein of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, are hereby incorporated by reference in this SAI. The applicable Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the referenced audited financial statements, is available upon request and without charge.
Miscellaneous Information
Counsel. Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, located at 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019, is counsel to the Trust.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111, serves as the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, audits the Funds' financial statements, and may perform other services.
Shareholder Communications to the Board.  The Board has established a process for shareholders to communicate with the Board. Shareholders may contact the Board by mail. Correspondence should be addressed to iShares Board of Trustees, c/o BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. – Mutual Fund Administration, 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. Shareholder communications to the Board should include the following information: (i) the name and address of the shareholder; (ii) the number of shares owned by the shareholder; (iii) the Fund(s) of which the shareholder owns shares; and (iv) if these shares are owned indirectly through a broker, financial intermediary or other record owner, the name of the broker, financial intermediary or other record owner. All correspondence received as set forth above shall be reviewed by the Secretary of the Trust and reported to the Board.
Regulation Under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive.  The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”) imposes detailed and prescriptive obligations on fund managers established in the EU (“EU Operative Provisions”). These do not currently apply to managers established outside of the EU, such as BFA. Rather, non-EU managers are only required to comply with certain disclosure, reporting and transparency obligations of AIFMD (“AIFMD Disclosure Provisions”) if such managers market a fund to EU investors.
 Where the AIFMD Disclosure Provisions relate to EU Operative Provisions that do not apply to BFA, no meaningful disclosure can be made. These EU Operative Provisions include prescriptive rules on: measuring and capping leverage in line with known European standards; the treatment of investors; the use of 'depositaries'; and coverage for professional liability risks.
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 AIFMD imposes certain conditions on the marketing of funds, such as the Funds, to EU investors. AIFMD requires that an ‘alternative investment fund manager’ (“AIFM”) be identified to meet such conditions where such marketing is sought. For these purposes BFA, as the legal entity responsible for performing the portfolio and risk management of the Funds, shall be the AIFM.
 AIFMD requires disclosure on an ongoing basis of certain information relating to the use of special arrangements, leverage, rights of reuse of collateral, guarantees granted under leverage arrangements and the use of gates, side pockets and similar liquidity management tools. Given that the Funds do not use any special arrangements or allow for collateral reuse, it is not intended that such disclosures will need to be made by the Funds. Each Fund will, however, to the extent relevant and appropriate, disclose in its annual report information on the Fund's leverage, risk profile and risk management systems employed by BFA. Each Fund will also disclose material changes, if any, to the liquidity management systems and procedures employed in respect of the Fund.
 BFA intends to market the following Fund to EU investors in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, and Luxembourg:
 iShares India 50 ETF
Investors’ Rights.  Each Fund relies on the services of its investment adviser and other service providers, including the distributor, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. Further information about the duties and roles of these service providers is set out in this SAI. Investors who acquire shares of a Fund are not parties to the relevant agreement with these service providers and do not have express contractual rights against the Fund or its service providers, except certain institutional investors that are Authorized Participants may have certain express contractual rights with respect to the Distributor under the terms of the relevant authorized participant agreement. Investors may have certain legal rights under federal or state law against a Fund or its service providers. In the event that an investor considers that it may have a claim against a Fund, or against any service provider in connection with its investment in the Fund, such investor should consult its own legal advisor.
By contract, Authorized Participants irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or U.S. federal court sitting in New York City over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the authorized participant agreement. Jurisdiction over other claims, whether by investors or Authorized Participants, will turn on the facts of the particular case and the law of the jurisdiction in which the proceeding is brought.
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IS-SAI-03e-0614


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iShares® Trust
Statement of Additional Information
Dated September 1, 2013
(as revised June 17, 2014)
This combined Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the current prospectuses (each, a “Prospectus” and collectively, the “Prospectuses”) for the following funds of iShares Trust (the “Trust”):
Fund   Ticker   Stock Exchange
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF   IFAS   NASDAQ
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF   ICF   NYSE Arca
iShares Core High Dividend ETF   HDV   NYSE Arca
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF   IYY   NYSE Arca
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF   IFEU   NASDAQ
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF   FNIO   NYSE Arca
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF   IFGL   NASDAQ
iShares International Select Dividend ETF   IDV   NYSE Arca
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF   JKD   NYSE Arca
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF   JKE   NYSE Arca
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF   JKF   NYSE Arca
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF   JKG   NYSE Arca
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF   JKH   NYSE Arca
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF   JKI   NYSE Arca
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF   JKJ   NYSE Arca
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF   JKK   NYSE Arca
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF   JKL   NYSE Arca
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF   REM   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF   DSI   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF   KLD   NYSE Arca
iShares North America Real Estate ETF   IFNA   NASDAQ
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF   FTY   NYSE Arca
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF   REZ   NYSE Arca
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF   RTL   NYSE Arca
iShares Select Dividend ETF   DVY   NYSE Arca
iShares Transportation Average ETF   IYT   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF   ITA   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF   IYM   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   IAI   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF   IYK   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF   IYC   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Energy ETF   IYE   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   IYG   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Financials ETF   IYF   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF   IYH   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF   IHF   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF   ITB   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF   IYJ   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF   IAK   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF   IHI   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF   IEO   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF   IEZ   NYSE Arca


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Fund   Ticker   Stock Exchange
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF   IHE   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF   IYR   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   IAT   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Technology ETF   IYW   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF   IYZ   NYSE Arca
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF   IDU   NYSE Arca
The Prospectuses for the above-listed funds (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) are dated September 1, 2013, as amended and supplemented from time to time. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the applicable Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. The Financial Statements and Notes contained in the Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report of the Trust for the Funds are incorporated by reference into and are deemed to be part of this SAI. A copy of each Prospectus, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report for each Fund may be obtained without charge by writing to the Trust's distributor, BlackRock Investments, LLC (the “Distributor” or “BRIL”), 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310, calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or visiting www.iShares.com. Each Fund's Prospectus is incorporated by reference into this SAI.
iShares® is a registered trademark of BlackRock Fund Advisors (“BFA”) or its affiliates.


Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
General Description of the Trust and its Funds 1
Exchange Listing and Trading 4
Investment Strategies and Risks 4
Borrowing 5
Currency Transactions 5
Diversification Status 5
Futures and Options 7
Illiquid Securities 7
Lending Portfolio Securities 7
Non-U.S. Securities 9
Options on Futures Contracts 9
Regulation Regarding Derivatives 9
Repurchase Agreements 10
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 10
Securities of Investment Companies 11
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments 11
Swap Agreements 11
Tracking Stocks 11
Future Developments 11
General Considerations and Risks 12
Borrowing Risk 12
Custody Risk 12
Cyber Security Issues 12
Dividend Risk 12
Dividend-Paying Stock Risk 12
Risk of Derivatives 13
Risk of Equity Securities 13
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions 13
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities 14
Risk of Swap Agreements 14
Risk of Investing in Small-Capitalization Companies 14
Risk of Investing in Mid-Capitalization Companies 14
Risk of Investing in Asia 14
Risk of Investing in Australasia 15
Risk of Investing in Australia 15
Risk of Investing in Developed Countries 16
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Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets 16
Risk of Investing in Europe 17
Risk of Investing in France 18
Risk of Investing in Hong Kong 18
Risk of Investing in Japan 18
Risk of Investing in North America 19
Risk of Investing in the United Kingdom 19
Risk of Investing in the United States 19
Risk of Investing in the Aerospace and Defense Industry 19
Risk of Investing in the Basic Materials Industry Group 19
Risk of Investing in the Biotechnology Industry 20
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group 20
Risk of Investing in the Chemicals Industry 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Cyclical Industry 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Defensive Industry 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Goods Industry 21
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Services Industry 21
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector 22
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector 23
Risk of Investing in the Home Construction Industry 23
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector 23
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector 24
Risk of Investing in the Insurance Industry Group 24
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector 24
Risk of Investing in the Medical Equipment Industry Group 24
Risk of Investing in the Metals and Mining Industry 24
Risk of Investing in the Oil and Gas Industry 25
Risk of Investing in the Oil Equipment and Services Sub-Industry 25
Risk of Investing in the Pharmaceuticals Industry 25
Risk of Investing in the Real Estate Industry Group 25
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector 26
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector 26
Risk of Investing in the Timber and Forestry Industry 27
Risk of Investing in the Transportation Industry Group 27
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Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector 27
Proxy Voting Policy 28
Portfolio Holdings Information 29
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes 30
The Cohen & Steers Realty Majors Index 30
The Dow Jones Indexes 31
Dow Jones U.S. Index 32
Dow Jones U.S. Basic Materials Index 33
Dow Jones U.S. Consumer Goods Index 33
Dow Jones U.S. Consumer Services Index 33
Dow Jones U.S. Financials Index 33
Dow Jones U.S. Financial Services Index 33
Dow Jones U.S. Health Care Index 33
Dow Jones U.S. Industrials Index 33
Dow Jones U.S. Oil & Gas Index 33
Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Index 33
Dow Jones U.S. Select Aerospace & Defense Index 33
Dow Jones U.S. Select Dividend Index 34
Dow Jones U.S. Select Health Care Providers Index 34
Dow Jones U.S. Select Home Construction Index 34
Dow Jones U.S. Select Insurance Index 34
Dow Jones U.S. Select Investment Services Index 34
Dow Jones U.S. Select Medical Equipment Index 34
Dow Jones U.S. Select Oil Equipment & Services Index 34
Dow Jones U.S. Select Oil Exploration & Production Index 35
Dow Jones U.S. Select Pharmaceuticals Index 35
Dow Jones U.S. Select Regional Banks Index 35
Dow Jones U.S. Technology Index 35
Dow Jones U.S. Select Telecommunications Index 35
Dow Jones Transportation Average Index 35
Dow Jones U.S. Utilities Index 35
Dow Jones EPAC Select Dividend Index 35
The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Indexes 37
FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Asia Index 37
FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Europe Index 37
FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Real Estate ex-U.S. Index 37
FTSE EPRA/NAREIT North America Index 38
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  Page
The FTSE NAREIT Indexes 38
FTSE NAREIT Industrial/Office Capped Index 39
FTSE NAREIT All Mortgage Capped Index 39
FTSE NAREIT Real Estate 50 Index 39
FTSE NAREIT All Residential Capped Index 39
FTSE NAREIT Retail Capped Index 39
The Morningstar Indexes 39
Morningstar® Dividend Yield Focus IndexSM 40
Morningstar® Large Core IndexSM 40
Morningstar® Large Growth IndexSM 40
Morningstar® Large Value IndexSM 41
Morningstar® Mid Core IndexSM 41
Morningstar® Mid Growth IndexSM 41
Morningstar® Mid Value IndexSM 41
Morningstar® Small Core IndexSM 41
Morningstar® Small Growth IndexSM 42
Morningstar® Small Value IndexSM 42
The MSCI Indexes 42
MSCI KLD 400 Social Index 42
MSCI USA ESG Select Index 43
Investment Limitations 44
Continuous Offering 47
Management 47
Trustees and Officers 47
Committees of the Board of Trustees 54
Remuneration of Trustees 58
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities 63
Potential Conflicts of Interest 88
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services 93
Investment Adviser 93
Portfolio Managers 96
Codes of Ethics 103
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements 103
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent 104
Distributor 105
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates 107
Determination of Net Asset Value 108
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Brokerage Transactions 111
Additional Information Concerning the Trust 114
Shares 114
Termination of the Trust or a Fund 115
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds 115
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units 116
General 116
Fund Deposit 117
Cash Purchase Method 118
Role of the Authorized Participant 118
Purchase Orders 118
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders 119
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units 119
Issuance of a Creation Unit 119
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions 120
Redemption of Creation Units 121
Cash Redemption Method 122
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions 122
Placement of Redemption Orders 123
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units 125
Regular Holidays 125
Redemptions 132
Taxes 138
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications 138
Taxation of RICs 139
Excise Tax 139
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards 139
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders 141
Sales of Shares 143
Back-Up Withholding 143
Sections 351 and 362 143
Taxation of Certain Derivatives 143
Qualified Dividend Income 144
Corporate Dividends Received Deduction 144
Excess Inclusion Income 145
Non-U.S. Investments 145
Passive Foreign Investment Companies 145
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General Description of the Trust and its Funds
The Trust currently consists of more than 235 investment series or portfolios. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on December 16, 1999 and is authorized to have multiple series or portfolios. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act” or the “1940 Act”). The offering of the Trust’s shares is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). This SAI relates to the following Funds:
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF1
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF2
iShares Core High Dividend ETF3
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF4
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF5
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF6
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF7
iShares International Select Dividend ETF8
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF9
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF10
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF11
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF12
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF13
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF14
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF15
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF16
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF17
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF18
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF19
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF20
iShares North America Real Estate ETF21
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF22
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF23
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF24
iShares Select Dividend ETF25
iShares Transportation Average ETF26
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF27
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF28
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF29
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF30
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF31
iShares U.S. Energy ETF32
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF33
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iShares U.S. Financials ETF34
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF35
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF36
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF37
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF38
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF39
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF40
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF41
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF42
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF43
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF44
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF45
iShares U.S. Technology ETF46
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF47
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF48

1 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Asia Index Fund to the iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF.
2 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Cohen & Steers Realty Majors Index Fund to the iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF.
3 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares High Dividend Equity Fund to the iShares High Dividend ETF. On June 12, 2014, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares High Dividend ETF to the iShares Core High Dividend ETF.
4 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Index Fund to the iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF.
5 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Europe Index Fund to the iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF.
6 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares FTSE NAREIT Industrial/Office Capped Index Fund to the iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF.
7 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Real Estate ex-U.S. Index Fund the iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF.
8 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones International Select Dividend Index Fund to the iShares International Select Dividend ETF.
9 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Morningstar Large Core Index Fund to the iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF.
10 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Morningstar Large Growth Index Fund to the iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF.
11 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Morningstar Large Value Index Fund to the iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF.
12 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Morningstar Mid Core Index Fund to the iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF.
13 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Morningstar Mid Growth Index Fund to the iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF.
14 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Morningstar Mid Value Index Fund to the iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF.
15 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Morningstar Small Core Index Fund to the iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF.
16 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Morningstar Small Growth Index Fund to the iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF.
17 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Morningstar Small Value Index Fund to the iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF.
18 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares FTSE NAREIT Mortgage Plus Capped Index Fund to the iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF.
19 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social Index Fund to the iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF.
20 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI USA ESG Select Social Index Fund to the iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF.
21 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares FTSE EPRA/NAREIT North America Index Fund to the iShares North America Real Estate ETF.
22 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares FTSE NAREIT Real Estate 50 Index Fund to the iShares Real Estate 50 ETF.
23 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares FTSE NAREIT Residential Plus Capped Index Fund to the iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF.
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24 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares FTSE NAREIT Retail Capped Index Fund to the iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF.
25 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones Select Dividend Index Fund to the iShares Select Dividend ETF.
26 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones Transportation Average Index Fund to the iShares Transportation Average ETF.
27 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Aerospace & Defense Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF.
28 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Basic Materials Sector Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF.
29 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Broker-Dealers Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF.
30 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Consumer Goods Sector Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF.
31 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Consumer Services Sector Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF.
32 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Energy Sector Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Energy ETF.
33 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Financial Services Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF.
34 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Financial Sector Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Financials ETF.
35 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Healthcare Sector Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF.
36 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Healthcare Providers Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF.
37 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Home Construction Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF.
38 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Industrial Sector Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Industrials ETF.
39 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Insurance Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Insurance ETF.
40 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Medical Devices Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF.
41 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF.
42 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Oil Equipment & Services Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF.
43 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Pharmaceuticals Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF.
44 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF.
45 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Regional Banks Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF.
46 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Technology Sector Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Technology ETF.
47 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Telecommunications Sector Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF.
48 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Dow Jones U.S. Utilities Sector Index Fund to the iShares U.S. Utilities ETF.
Each Fund is managed by BFA, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc., and generally seeks to track the investment results of the specific benchmark index identified in the applicable Prospectus for that Fund (each, an “Underlying Index”).
Each Fund offers and issues shares at their net asset value per share (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of shares (“Creation Unit”), generally in exchange for a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) included in its Underlying Index (the “Deposit Securities”), together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (the “Cash Component”). Shares of the Funds are listed for trading on national securities exchanges such as The NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) or NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca”) (each a “Listing Exchange”). Shares of each Fund are traded in the secondary market and elsewhere at market prices that may be at, above or below the Fund's NAV. Shares are redeemable only in Creation Units, and, generally, in exchange for portfolio securities and a Cash Component. Creation Units typically are a specified number of shares, generally ranging from 50,000 to 100,000 or multiples thereof.
The Trust reserves the right to permit or require that creations and redemptions of shares are effected fully or partially in cash. Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities, subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain with the Trust a cash deposit equal to at least 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change from time to time, of the market value of the omitted Deposit Securities. See the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Transaction fees and other costs associated with creations or redemptions that include a cash portion may be higher than the transaction fees and other costs associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. In all cases,
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conditions and fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of SEC rules and regulations applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.
Exchange Listing and Trading
A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in each Fund is contained in the Shareholder Information section of each Fund's Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, that section of the applicable Prospectus.
Shares of each Fund are listed for trading, and trade throughout the day, on the applicable Listing Exchange and other secondary markets. Shares of certain Funds may also be listed on certain non-U.S. exchanges. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Listing Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of shares of any Fund will continue to be met. The Listing Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the shares of a Fund from listing if (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of Fund shares, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of shares of the Fund for 30 or more consecutive trading days, (ii) the value of the Underlying Index on which a Fund is based is no longer calculated or available, (iii) the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available, or (iv) any other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Listing Exchange, makes further dealings on the Listing Exchange inadvisable. The Listing Exchange will also remove shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.
As in the case of other publicly-traded securities, when you buy or sell shares through a broker, you will incur a brokerage commission determined by that broker.
In order to provide additional information regarding the indicative value of shares of the Funds, the Listing Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, or through other widely disseminated means, an updated IOPV for the Funds as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Trust is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IOPVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IOPVs.
An IOPV has an equity securities component and a cash component. The equity securities values included in an IOPV are the values of the Deposit Securities for a Fund. While the IOPV reflects the current value of the Deposit Securities required to be deposited in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, it does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time because the current portfolio of the Fund may include securities that are not a part of the current Deposit Securities. Therefore, a Fund’s IOPV disseminated during the Listing Exchange trading hours should not be viewed as a real-time update of the Fund’s NAV, which is calculated only once a day.
The cash component included in an IOPV consists of estimated accrued interest, dividends and other income, less expenses. If applicable, each IOPV also reflects changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the applicable currency.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the share prices of the Funds in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Funds or an investor's equity interest in the Funds.
Investment Strategies and Risks
Each Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in securities issued by issuers that comprise its relevant Underlying Index and through transactions that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund operates as an index fund and will not be actively managed. Adverse performance of a security in a Fund’s portfolio will ordinarily not result in the elimination of the security from the Fund’s portfolio.
Each Fund engages in representative sampling, which is investing in a sample of securities selected by BFA to have a collective investment profile similar to that of the Fund's Underlying Index. Securities selected have aggregate investment characteristics (based on market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return
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variability, earnings valuation and yield) and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. A fund that uses representative sampling generally does not hold all of the securities that are in its underlying index.
Although the Funds do not seek leveraged returns, certain instruments used by the Funds may have a leveraging effect as described below.
Borrowing.  Each Fund may borrow as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemptions or to facilitate the settlement of securities or other transactions. Under normal market conditions, any borrowing by a Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s net assets; however, each Fund generally does not intend to borrow money.
The purchase of securities while borrowings are outstanding may have the effect of leveraging a Fund. The incurrence of leverage increases a Fund’s exposure to risk, and borrowed funds are subject to interest costs that will reduce net income. Purchasing securities while borrowings are outstanding creates special risks, such as the potential for greater volatility in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the yield on a Fund’s portfolio. In addition, the interest expenses from borrowings may exceed the income generated by a Fund’s portfolio and, therefore, the amount available (if any) for distribution to shareholders as dividends may be reduced. BFA may determine to maintain outstanding borrowings if it expects that the benefits to a Fund’s shareholders will outweigh the current reduced return.
Certain types of borrowings by a Fund may result in a Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverage, portfolio composition requirements and other matters. It is not anticipated that observance of such covenants would impede BFA from managing a Fund’s portfolio in accordance with a Fund’s investment objectives and policies. However, a breach of any such covenants not cured within the specified cure period may result in acceleration of outstanding indebtedness and require a Fund to dispose of portfolio investments at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Currency Transactions. The Funds do not expect to engage in currency transactions for the purpose of hedging against declines in the value of the Funds' assets that are denominated in a non-U.S. currency. A Fund may enter into non-U.S. currency forward and non-U.S. currency futures contracts to facilitate local securities settlements or to protect against currency exposure in connection with its distributions to shareholders, but may not enter into such contracts for speculative purposes.
A forward currency contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract.
A currency futures contract is a contract involving an obligation to deliver or acquire the specified amount of a specific currency, at a specified price and at a specified future time. Currency futures contracts may be settled on a net cash payment basis rather than by the sale and delivery of the underlying currency. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
Foreign exchange transactions involve a significant degree of risk and the markets in which foreign exchange transactions are effected are highly volatile, highly specialized and highly technical. Significant changes, including changes in liquidity and prices, can occur in such markets within very short periods of time, often within minutes. Foreign exchange trading risks include, but are not limited to, exchange rate risk, counterparty risk, maturity gap, interest rate risk, and potential interference by foreign governments through regulation of local exchange markets, foreign investment or particular transactions in non-U.S. currency. If BFA utilizes foreign exchange transactions at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions, trends or correlations incorrectly, foreign exchange transactions may not serve their intended purpose of improving the correlation of a Fund's return with the performance of its Underlying Index and may lower the Fund’s return. Each Fund could experience losses if the value of its currency forwards, options and/or futures positions were poorly correlated with its other investments or if it could not close out its positions because of an illiquid market. In addition, a Fund could incur transaction costs, including trading commissions, in connection with certain non-U.S. currency transactions.
Diversification Status.  The following table sets forth the diversification status of each Fund:
Diversified Funds   Non-Diversified Funds
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF   iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF   iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF
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Diversified Funds   Non-Diversified Funds
iShares International Select Dividend ETF   iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF   iShares Core High Dividend ETF
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF   iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF   iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF   iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF   iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF   iShares Real Estate 50 ETF
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF   iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF   iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF   iShares Transportation Average ETF
iShares North America Real Estate ETF   iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF
iShares Select Dividend ETF   iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF   iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF   iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF   iShares U.S. Energy ETF
    iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF
    iShares U.S. Financials ETF
    iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF
    iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF
    iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF
    iShares U.S. Insurance ETF
    iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF
    iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF
    iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF
    iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF
    iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF
    iShares U.S. Technology ETF
    iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF
    iShares U.S. Utilities ETF
With respect to 75% of a Fund’s total assets, a “diversified” fund is limited by the 1940 Act such that it does not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one issuer and does not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer (excluding cash and cash items, government securities, and securities of other investment companies). The remaining 25% of the fund’s total assets may be invested in any manner.
 A “non-diversified” fund is a fund that is not limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. The securities of a particular issuer (or securities of issuers in particular industries) may dominate the underlying index of such a fund and, consequently, the fund’s investment portfolio. This may adversely affect the fund’s performance or subject the fund’s shares to greater price volatility than that experienced by more diversified investment companies.
Each Fund (whether diversified or non-diversified) intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), and to relieve the Fund of any liability for U.S. federal income tax to
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the extent that its earnings are distributed to shareholders, provided that the Fund satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the Internal Revenue Code may limit the investment flexibility of certain Funds and may make it less likely that the Funds will meet their respective investment objectives.
Futures and Options. Futures contracts and options may be used by a Fund to simulate investment in its Underlying Index, to facilitate trading or to reduce transaction costs. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts and options that are traded on a U.S. or non-U.S. exchange. Each Fund will not use futures or options for speculative purposes.
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific instrument or index at a specified future time and at a specified price. Stock index contracts are based on investments that reflect the market value of common stock of the firms included in the investments. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts to purchase securities indexes when BFA anticipates purchasing the underlying securities and believes prices will rise before the purchase will be made. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
A call option gives a holder the right to purchase a specific security at a specified price (“exercise price”) within a specified period of time. A put option gives a holder the right to sell a specific security at a specified exercise price within a specified period of time. The initial purchaser of a call option pays the “writer” a premium, which is paid at the time of purchase and is retained by the writer whether or not such option is exercised. Each Fund may purchase put options to hedge its portfolio against the risk of a decline in the market value of securities held and may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities it is committed to purchase. Each Fund may write put and call options along with a long position in options to increase its ability to hedge against a change in the market value of the securities it holds or is committed to purchase. Investments in futures contracts and other investments that contain leverage may require each Fund to maintain liquid assets. Generally, each Fund maintains an amount of liquid assets equal to its obligations relative to the position involved, adjusted daily on a marked-to-market basis. With respect to futures contracts that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” each Fund maintains liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market obligation (i.e., each Fund’s daily net liability, if any), rather than the contracts’ notional value (i.e., the value of the underlying asset). By maintaining assets equal to its net obligation under cash-settled futures contracts, each Fund may employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund set aside assets equal to the futures contracts’ full notional value. Each Fund bases its asset maintenance policies on methods permitted by the staff of the SEC and may modify these policies in the future to comply with any changes in the guidance articulated from time to time by the SEC or its staff.
Illiquid Securities. Each Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment). Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets, as determined in accordance with SEC staff guidance.
Lending Portfolio Securities. Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain borrowers determined to be creditworthy by BFA, including to borrowers affiliated with BFA. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned. No securities loan shall be made on behalf of a Fund if, as a result, the aggregate value of all securities loans of the particular Fund exceeds one-third of the value of such Fund’s total assets (including the value of the collateral received). A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. Each Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower may be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Funds are compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, a Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of each lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, including those affiliated with BFA; such investments are subject to investment risk.
Each Fund conducts its securities lending pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC permitting it to lend portfolio securities to borrowers affiliated with the Fund and to retain an affiliate of the Fund as lending agent. To the extent that a Fund engages in securities lending, BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. (“BTC”) acts as securities lending agent for the Fund, subject to the overall supervision of BFA. BTC administers the lending program in accordance with guidelines approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board” or the “Trustees”).
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Each Fund retains a portion of the securities lending income and remits a remaining portion to BTC as compensation for its services as securities lending agent. Securities lending income is equal to the total of income earned from the reinvestment of cash collateral (and excludes collateral investment fees as defined below), and any fees or other payments to and from borrowers of securities. As securities lending agent, BTC bears all operational costs directly related to securities lending. Each Fund is responsible for fees in connection with the investment of cash collateral received for securities on loan in a money market fund managed by BFA; however, BTC has agreed to reduce the amount of securities lending income it receives in order to effectively limit the collateral investment fees the Fund bears to an annual rate of 0.04% until December 31, 2014 and 0.05% thereafter (the “collateral investment fees”). Such money market fund shares will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee.
Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement:
(i) All Funds except for the iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF, iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF, iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF and iShares International Select Dividend ETF (the “Domestic Equity Funds”) retain 70% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
(i) The iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF, iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF, iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF and iShares International Select Dividend ETF (the “International Equity Funds” retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, commencing January 1, 2015 International Equity Funds will retain 70% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Under the securities lending program the Funds are categorized into specific asset classes. The determination of a Fund’s asset class category (fixed income, domestic equity, international equity or fund-of-funds), each of which may be subject to a different fee arrangement, is based on a methodology agreed to between the Trust and BTC.
In addition, commencing the business day following the date that the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (as defined under “Management —Trustees and Officers”) in a calendar year exceeds the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex in calendar year 2013 (the “Hurdle Date”) (or lesser amount as may be agreed to by the Funds and BTC), each Fund, pursuant to the securities lending agreement, will receive for the remainder of that calendar year securities lending income as follows:
Domestic Equity Funds
(i) 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
International Equity Funds
(i) 80% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, for the remainder of the calendar year following any Hurdle Date after January 1, 2015, International Equity Funds will retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees a Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, a Fund would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral or in recovering the loaned securities, or to a possible loss of rights in the collateral. In the event a borrower does not return a Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. This event could trigger adverse tax consequences for a Fund. A Fund could lose money if its short-term investment of the collateral declines in value over the period of the loan. Substitute payments for dividends received by a Fund for securities loaned out by the Fund will not be considered qualified dividend income. BTC will take into account the tax effects on shareholders of this difference in connection with a Fund’s securities lending program. Substitute payments received on tax-exempt securities loaned out will not be tax-exempt income.
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Non-U.S. Securities. Each Fund intends to purchase publicly-traded common stocks of non-U.S. issuers. To the extent a Fund invests in stocks of non-U.S. issuers, certain of the Fund's investments in such stocks may be in the form of American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) (collectively, “Depositary Receipts”). Depositary Receipts are receipts, typically issued by a bank or trust issuer, which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For other forms of Depositary Receipts, the depository may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may be issued by a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer. Depositary Receipts are not necessarily denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs, issued in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, issued in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world.
The Funds will not invest in any unlisted Depositary Receipt or any Depositary Receipt that BFA deems illiquid at the time of purchase or for which pricing information is not readily available. In general, Depositary Receipts must be sponsored, but a Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts under certain limited circumstances. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States. Therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may be no correlation between available information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts.
Investing in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. issuers. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in non-U.S. countries, and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to less governmental regulation than U.S. issuers. Moreover, individual non-U.S. economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product (“GDP”), rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions.
Options on Futures Contracts. An option on a futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account that represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential for loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option plus transaction costs. Because the value of the option is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option changes daily and that change would be reflected in the NAV of each Fund. The potential for loss related to writing call options is unlimited. The potential for loss related to writing put options is limited to the agreed upon price per share, also known as the “strike price,” less the premium received from writing the put.
Each Fund may purchase and write put and call options on futures contracts that are traded on an exchange as a hedge against changes in value of its portfolio securities, or in anticipation of the purchase of securities, and may enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.
Upon entering into a futures contract, a Fund will be required to deposit with the broker an amount of cash or cash equivalents known as “initial margin,” which is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract and is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, known as “variation margin,” to and from the broker will be made daily as the price of the instrument or index underlying the futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking-to-market.” At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, each Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate the Fund’s existing position in the contract.
Regulation Regarding Derivatives. Effective December 31, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) adopted certain regulatory changes that subject registered investment companies and advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a fund invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated
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futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or if the fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent a Fund uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, BFA has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. BFA is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of such Fund.
The Funds may also have investments in “underlying funds” not advised by BFA (which for purposes of the no-action letter referenced below may include certain securitized vehicles and/or mortgage real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) that may invest in CFTC Derivatives). BFA has no transparency into the holdings of these underlying funds because they are not advised by BFA. To address this issue of lack of transparency, the CFTC staff issued a no-action letter on November 29, 2012 permitting the adviser of a fund that invests in such underlying funds and that would otherwise have filed a claim of exclusion pursuant to Rule 4.5 to delay registration as a “commodity pool operator” until six months from the date on which the CFTC issues additional guidance on the treatment of CFTC Derivatives held by underlying funds. BFA, the adviser of the Funds, has filed a claim with the CFTC to rely on this no-action relief.
Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an instrument under which the purchaser (i.e., a Fund) acquires the security and the seller agrees, at the time of the sale, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. If a repurchase agreement is construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities will not be considered to be owned by a Fund but only to constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price, and, in the event of a default by the seller, the Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or losses in connection with the disposition of the collateral.
In any repurchase transaction, the collateral for a repurchase agreement may include: (i) cash items; (ii) obligations issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities; or (iii) obligations that, at the time the repurchase agreement is entered into, are rated in the highest rating category generally by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”), or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by BFA. Collateral, however, is not limited to the foregoing and may include, for example, obligations rated below the highest category by NRSROs. Collateral for a repurchase agreement may also include securities that a Fund could not hold directly without the repurchase obligation. Irrespective of the type of collateral underlying the repurchase agreement, in the case of a repurchase agreement entered into by a non-money market fund, the repurchase obligation of a seller must be of comparable credit quality to securities that are rated in the highest two short-term credit rating categories by at least one NRSRO or, if unrated, deemed by BFA to be of equivalent quality.
Repurchase agreements pose certain risks for a Fund that utilizes them. Such risks are not unique to the Funds, but are inherent in repurchase agreements. The Funds seek to minimize such risks, but because of the inherent legal uncertainties involved in repurchase agreements, such risks cannot be eliminated. Lower quality collateral and collateral with longer maturities may be subject to greater price fluctuations than higher quality collateral and collateral with shorter maturities. If the repurchase agreement counterparty were to default, lower quality collateral may be more difficult to liquidate than higher quality collateral. Should the counterparty default and the amount of collateral not be sufficient to cover the counterparty’s repurchase obligation, a Fund would retain the status of an unsecured creditor of the counterparty (i.e., the position the Fund would normally be in if it were to hold, pursuant to its investment policies, other unsecured debt securities of the defaulting counterparty) with respect to the amount of the shortfall. As an unsecured creditor, a Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment and have the characteristics of borrowing. Generally, the effect of such transactions is that a Fund can recover all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the reverse repurchase agreement, while in many cases the Fund is able to keep some of the interest income associated with those securities. Such transactions are advantageous only if a Fund has an opportunity to earn a rate of interest on the cash derived from these transactions that is greater than the interest cost of obtaining the same amount of cash. Opportunities to realize earnings from the use of the proceeds equal to or greater than the interest required to be paid may not always be available and a Fund intends to use the reverse repurchase technique only when BFA believes it will be advantageous to the Fund. The use of reverse repurchase agreements may exaggerate any increase or decrease in the
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value of a Fund’s assets. A Fund’s exposure to reverse repurchase agreements will be covered by liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than such commitments. The use of reverse repurchase agreements is a form of leverage because the proceeds derived from reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities.
Securities of Investment Companies. Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies (including money market funds) and real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) to the extent allowed by law. Pursuant to the 1940 Act, a Fund’s investment in registered investment companies is generally limited to, subject to certain exceptions: (i) 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any one investment company; (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company; and (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to investment companies in the aggregate. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, each Fund intends from time to time to invest its assets in the securities of investment companies, including, but not limited to, money market funds, including those advised by or otherwise affiliated with BFA, in excess of the limits discussed above. Other investment companies in which a Fund may invest can be expected to incur fees and expenses for operations, such as investment advisory and administration fees, which would be in addition to those incurred by the Fund.
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments. Each Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds (including those advised by BFA or otherwise affiliated with BFA); (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed-time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. banks (including non-U.S. branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated, at the date of purchase, “Prime-1” by Moody's® Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody's”), “F-1” by Fitch Inc. (“Fitch”), or “A-1” by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. (“Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services”), or if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by BFA; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; (vi) repurchase agreements; and (vii) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of non-U.S. banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of BFA, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by a Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or forward-settled basis. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
Swap Agreements. Swap agreements are contracts between parties in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on the change in market value or level of a specified rate, index or asset. In return, the other party agrees to make periodic payments to the first party based on the return of a different specified rate, index or asset. Swap agreements will usually be performed on a net basis, with a Fund receiving or paying only the net amount of the two payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap is accrued on a daily basis and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained by the Fund.
The use of interest rate and index swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. These transactions generally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal.
Tracking Stocks. A tracking stock is a separate class of common stock whose value is linked to a specific business unit or operating division within a larger company and is designed to “track” the performance of such business unit or division. The tracking stock may pay dividends to shareholders independent of the parent company. The parent company, rather than the business unit or division, generally is the issuer of tracking stock. However, holders of the tracking stock may not have the same rights as holders of the company’s common stock.
Future Developments. The Board may, in the future, authorize a Fund to invest in securities contracts and investments, other than those listed in this SAI and in the applicable Prospectuses, provided they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and do not violate any of its investment restrictions or policies.
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General Considerations and Risks
A discussion of some of the principal risks associated with an investment in a Fund is contained in the applicable Prospectus.
An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers of the portfolio securities, the value of stocks in general, and other factors that affect the market.
Borrowing Risk.  Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the return on a Fund’s portfolio. Borrowing will cost a Fund interest expense and other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce a Fund’s return. Borrowing may cause a Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations.
Custody Risk.  Custody risk refers to the risks inherent in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of their local markets, and thus may be subject to limited or no government oversight. Communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Practices in relation to the settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because of the use of brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result in ownership registration being lost. In addition, the laws of certain countries may put limits on a Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or an agent of any of the foregoing goes bankrupt. A Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such custody problems and may have no successful claim for compensation.
Cyber Security Issues. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, each Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cyber security failures or breaches by a Fund’s third party service providers (including, but not limited to, index providers, fund accountants and transfer agents) and the issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result. While the Funds have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Funds cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by issuers in which the Funds invest.
Dividend Risk. There is no guarantee that issuers of the stocks held by a Fund will declare dividends in the future or that, if declared, they will either remain at current levels or increase over time.
Dividend-Paying Stock Risk.  A Fund's strategy of investing in dividend-paying stocks involves the risk that such stocks may fall out of favor with investors and underperform the market. Companies that issue dividend-paying stocks are not required to continue to pay dividends on such stocks. Therefore, there is the possibility that such companies could reduce or eliminate the payment of dividends in the future or the anticipated acceleration of dividends could not occur. Depending upon market conditions, dividend-paying stocks that meet the Fund’s investment criteria may not be widely available and/or may be highly concentrated in only a few market sectors. This may limit the ability of a Fund to produce current income while remaining fully diversified.
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Risk of Derivatives. A derivative is a financial contract, the value of which depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset such as a security or an index. A Fund may invest in stock index futures contracts and other derivatives. Compared to conventional securities, derivatives can be more sensitive to changes in interest rates or to sudden fluctuations in market prices and thus a Fund’s losses may be greater if it invests in derivatives than if it invests only in conventional securities. Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations.
Risk of Equity Securities. An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in equity securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of stock markets may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the portfolio securities and thus in the value of shares of the Fund). Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to increases and decreases in value as market confidence and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies, inflation and interest rates, economic expansion or contraction, and global or regional political, economic or banking crises. Holders of common stocks incur more risks than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders generally have rights to receive payments from stock issuers that are inferior to the rights of creditors, or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (the value of which, however, is subject to market fluctuations prior to maturity), or preferred stocks, which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity.
Although most of the securities in each Underlying Index are listed on a national securities exchange, the principal trading market for some of the securities may be in the over-the-counter market. The existence of a liquid trading market for certain securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made or maintained or that any such market will be or remain liquid. The price at which securities may be sold and the value of a Fund’s shares will be adversely affected if trading markets for the Fund’s portfolio securities are limited or absent, or if bid/ask spreads are wide.
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions. There are several risks accompanying the utilization of futures contracts and options on futures contracts. A position in futures contracts and options on futures contracts may be closed only on the exchange on which the contract was made (or a linked exchange). While each Fund plans to utilize futures contracts only if an active market exists for such contracts, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist for the contract at a specified time. Futures contracts, by definition, project price levels in the future and not current levels of valuation; therefore, market circumstances may result in a discrepancy between the price of the stock index future and the movement in a Fund's Underlying Index. In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, a Fund may be required to deliver the instruments underlying the future contracts it has sold.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts or uncovered call options in some strategies (e.g., selling uncovered stock index futures contracts) is potentially unlimited. The Funds do not plan to use futures and options contracts in this way. The risk of a futures position may still be large as traditionally measured due to the low margin deposits required. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit. The Funds, however, intend to utilize futures and options contracts in a manner designed to limit their risk exposure to levels comparable to a direct investment in the types of stocks in which they invest.
Utilization of futures and options on futures by a Fund involves the risk of imperfect or even negative correlation to its Underlying Index if the index underlying the futures contract differs from the Underlying Index. There is also the risk of loss of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in the futures contract or option. The purchase of put or call options will be based upon predictions by BFA as to anticipated trends, which predictions could prove to be incorrect.
Because the futures market generally imposes less burdensome margin requirements than the securities market, an increased amount of participation by speculators in the futures market could result in price fluctuations. Certain financial futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily
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limit establishes the maximum amount by which the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting each Fund to substantial losses. In the event of adverse price movements, each Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities.  An investment in any of the Funds that invest in non-U.S. equity securities involves risks similar to those of investing in portfolios of equity securities traded on non-U.S. exchanges. These risks include market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices. Investing in securities issued by issuers domiciled in countries other than the domicile of the investor and denominated in currencies other than an investor’s local currency entails certain considerations and risks not typically encountered by the investor in making investments in its home country and in that country’s currency. These considerations include favorable or unfavorable changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations and the costs that may be incurred in connection with conversions between various currencies. Investing in any of these Funds also involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in a fund whose portfolio contains exclusively securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include generally less liquid and less efficient securities markets; generally greater price volatility; less publicly available information about issuers; the imposition of withholding or other taxes; the imposition of restrictions on the expatriation of funds or other assets of the Funds; higher transaction and custody costs; delays and risks attendant in settlement procedures; difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations; lower liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization; different accounting and disclosure standards; lower levels of regulation of the securities markets; more substantial government interference with the economy; higher rates of inflation; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty; the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets; and the risk of war.
Risk of Swap Agreements. The risk of loss with respect to swaps generally is limited to the net amount of payments that a Fund is contractually obligated to make. Swap agreements are subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will default on its obligations. If such a default occurs, a Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect such Fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g., a Fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive).
Risk of Investing in Small-Capitalization Companies. Stock prices of small-capitalization companies may be more volatile than those of larger companies and therefore a Fund's share price may be more volatile than those of funds that invest a larger percentage of their assets in stocks issued by large-capitalization companies. Stock prices of small-capitalization companies are generally more vulnerable than those of large-capitalization companies to adverse business and economic developments. The stocks of small-capitalization companies may be thinly traded, making it difficult for the Funds to buy and sell them. In addition, small-capitalization companies are typically less financially stable than larger, more established companies and may depend on a small number of essential personnel, making them more vulnerable to loss of personnel. Small-capitalization companies also normally have less diverse product lines than large-capitalization companies and are more susceptible to adverse developments concerning their products.
Risk of Investing in Mid-Capitalization Companies. Stock prices of mid-capitalization companies may be more volatile than those of large-capitalization companies and, therefore, a Fund’s share price may be more volatile than those of funds that invest a larger percentage of their assets in stocks issued by large-capitalization companies. Stock prices of mid-capitalization companies are also more vulnerable than those of large-capitalization companies to adverse business or economic developments, and the stocks of mid-capitalization companies may be less liquid, making it more difficult for the Funds to buy and sell them. In addition, mid-capitalization companies generally have less diverse product lines than large-capitalization companies and are more susceptible to adverse developments related to their products.
Risk of Investing in Asia.  Investments in securities of issuers in certain Asian countries involve risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in other regions. Such heightened risks include, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socio-economic unrest. Many Asian economies have experienced rapid rates of economic growth and industrialization in recent years, and there is no assurance that these rates of economic growth and industrialization will be maintained.
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Certain Asian countries have democracies with relatively short histories, which may increase the risk of political instability. These countries have faced political and military unrest, and further unrest could present a risk to their local economies and securities markets. Indonesia and the Philippines have each experienced violence and terrorism, which has negatively impacted their economies. North Korea and South Korea each have substantial military capabilities, and historical tensions between the two countries present the risk of war. Recently these tensions have escalated. Any outbreak of hostilities between the two countries could have a severe adverse effect on the South Korean economy and securities market. Increased political and social unrest in these geographic areas could adversely affect the performance of investments in this region.
Certain governments in this region administer prices on several basic goods, including fuel and electricity, within their respective countries. Certain governments may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector in their respective countries and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in this region, which in turn could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments adversely affecting investments in the region.
Corruption and the perceived lack of a rule of law in dealings with international companies in certain Asian countries may discourage foreign investment and could negatively impact the long-term growth of certain economies in this region. In addition, certain countries in the region are experiencing high unemployment and corruption, and have fragile banking sectors.
Some economies in this region are dependent on a range of commodities, including oil, natural gas and coal. Accordingly, they are strongly affected by international commodity prices and particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products. The market for securities in this region may also be directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and by the economic and market conditions of neighboring countries. Adverse economic conditions or developments in neighboring countries may increase investors' perception of the risk of investing in the region as a whole, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by companies in the region.
Risk of Investing in Australasia.  The economies of Australasia, which include Australia and New Zealand, are dependent on exports from the agricultural and mining sectors. This makes Australasian economies susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. Australasian economies are also increasingly dependent on their growing service industries. Australia and New Zealand are located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters, such as drought and flooding. Any such event in the future could have a significant adverse impact on the economies of Australia and New Zealand and affect the value of securities held by a relevant Fund. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are dependent on trading with certain key trading partners, including Asia, Europe and the United States. The Australia–U.S. Free Trade Agreement has significantly expanded the trading relationship between the United States and Australia. In 2003, Australia and Singapore entered into the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (“SAFTA”). SAFTA is intended to further expand the economic relationship with Singapore, Australia’s largest trade and investment partner in Southeast Asia. Thus, economic events in the United States, Asia, or in other key trading countries can have a significant economic effect on the Australian economy. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are heavily dependent on the mining sector. Passage of new regulations limiting foreign ownership of companies in the mining sector or imposition of new taxes on profits of mining companies may dissuade foreign investment, and as a result, have a negative impact on companies to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in Australia.  A Fund’s investment in Australian issuers may subject the Fund to loss in the event of adverse political, economic, regulatory and other developments that affect Australia, including fluctuations of Australian currency versus the U.S. dollar. Also, Australia is located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters, such as drought and flooding. Any such event in the future could have a significant adverse impact on the Australian economy. The Australian economy is dependent on trading with certain key trading partners. The Australia–U.S. Free Trade Agreement has significantly expanded the trading relationship between the United States and Australia. In 2003, Australia and Singapore entered into the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (“SAFTA”). SAFTA is intended to further expand the economic relationship with Singapore, Australia’s largest trade and investment partner in Southeast Asia. Thus, economic events in the United States, Asia, or in other key trading countries can have a significant economic effect on the Australian economy. The Australian economy is heavily dependent on the mining sector, and the passage of new regulations limiting foreign ownership of companies in the mining sector or imposition of new taxes on profits of mining companies may dissuade foreign investment, and as a result, have a negative impact on companies to which the Fund has exposure.
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Risk of Investing in Developed Countries.  Many developed market countries have recently experienced significant economic pressures. Developed market countries generally tend to rely on the services sectors (e.g., the financial services sector) as the primary source of economic growth and may be susceptible to the risks of individual service sectors. For example, companies in the financial services sector are subject to governmental regulation and, recently, government intervention, which may adversely affect the scope of their activities, the prices they can charge and amount of capital they must maintain. Recent dislocations in the financial sector and perceived or actual governmental influence over certain financial companies may lead to credit rating downgrades and as a result, impact, among other things, revenue growth for such companies. If financial companies experience a prolonged decline in revenue growth, certain developed countries that rely heavily on financial companies as an economic driver may experience a correlative slowdown. Recently, new concerns have emerged with respect to the economic health of certain developed countries. These concerns primarily stem from heavy indebtedness of many developed countries and their perceived inability to continue to service high debt loads without simultaneously implementing stringent austerity measures. Such concerns have led to tremendous downward pressure on the economies of these countries. As a result, it is possible that interest rates on debt of certain developed countries may rise to levels that make it difficult for such countries to service high debt levels without significant help from other countries or from a central bank. Spending on health, health care and retirement pensions in most developed countries has risen dramatically over the last few years. Medical innovation, extended life expectancy and higher public expectations are likely to continue the increase in health care and pension costs. Any increase in health care and pension costs will likely have a negative impact on the economic growth of many developed countries. Certain developed countries rely on imports of certain key items, such as crude oil, natural gas, and other commodities. As a result an increase in demand for or price fluctuations of certain commodities may negatively affect developed country economies. Developed market countries generally are dependent on the economies of certain key trading partners. Changes in any one economy may cause an adverse impact on several developed countries. In addition, heavy regulation of, among others, labor and product markets may have an adverse effect on certain issuers. Such regulations may negatively affect economic growth or cause prolonged periods of recession. Such risks, among others, may adversely affect the value of a Fund’s investments.
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets.  Certain of the Funds may invest in securities of issuers domiciled in emerging market countries. Investments in emerging market countries may be subject to greater risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include: (i) less social, political, and economic stability; (ii) greater illiquidity and price volatility due to smaller or limited local capital markets for such securities, or low or non-existent trading volumes; (iii) foreign exchanges and broker-dealers may be subject to less scrutiny and regulation by local authorities; (iv) local governments may decide to seize or confiscate securities held by foreign investors and/or local governments may decide to suspend or limit an issuer's ability to make dividend or interest payments; (v) local governments may limit or entirely restrict repatriation of invested capital, profits, and dividends; (vi) capital gains may be subject to local taxation, including on a retroactive basis; (vii) issuers facing restrictions on dollar or euro payments imposed by local governments may attempt to make dividend or interest payments to foreign investors in the local currency; (viii) investors may experience difficulty in enforcing legal claims related to the securities and/or local judges may favor the interests of the issuer over those of foreign investors; (ix) bankruptcy judgments may only be permitted to be paid in the local currency; (x) limited public information regarding the issuer may result in greater difficulty in determining market valuations of the securities, and (xi) lax financial reporting on a regular basis, substandard disclosure and differences in accounting standards may make it difficult to ascertain the financial health of an issuer.
Emerging market securities markets are typically marked by a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of ownership of such securities by a limited number of investors. In addition, brokerage and other costs associated with transactions in emerging markets securities markets can be higher, sometimes significantly, than similar costs incurred in securities markets in developed countries. Although some emerging markets have become more established and tend to issue securities of higher credit quality, the markets for securities in other emerging countries are in the earliest stages of their development, and these countries issue securities across the credit spectrum. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in emerging countries may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the securities markets of developed countries. The limited size of many of these securities markets can cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, prices may be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions in these markets. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity of such markets. The limited liquidity of emerging country
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securities may also affect a Fund's ability to accurately value its portfolio securities or to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so or in order to meet redemption requests.
Many emerging market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Sudden changes in governments may result in policies which are less favorable to investors such as policies designed to expropriate or nationalize “sovereign” assets. Certain emerging market countries in the past have expropriated large amounts of private property, in many cases with little or no compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future.
Investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit a Fund's investment in certain emerging countries and may increase the expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer's outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals.
Many emerging market countries lack the social, political, and economic stability characteristic of the United States. Political instability among emerging market countries can be common and may be caused by an uneven distribution of wealth, social unrest, labor strikes, civil wars, and religious oppression. Economic instability in emerging market countries may take the form of: (i) high interest rates; (ii) high levels of inflation, including hyperinflation; (iii) high levels of unemployment or underemployment; (iv) changes in government economic and tax policies, including confiscatory taxation; and (v) imposition of trade barriers.
A Fund's income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the emerging market countries in which it invests, and treaties between the United States and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates.
Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain of these emerging markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions.
In the past, certain governments in emerging market countries have become overly reliant on the international capital markets and other forms of foreign credit to finance large public spending programs, which in the past have caused huge budget deficits. Often, interest payments have become too overwhelming for a government to meet, representing a large percentage of total GDP. These foreign obligations have become the subject of political debate and served as fuel for political parties of the opposition, which pressure the government not to make payments to foreign creditors, but instead to use these funds for, among other things, social programs. Either due to an inability to pay or submission to political pressure, foreign governments have been forced to seek a restructuring of their loan and/or bond obligations, have declared a temporary suspension of interest payments or have defaulted. These events have adversely affected the values of securities issued by foreign governments and corporations domiciled in those countries and have negatively affected not only their cost of borrowing, but their ability to borrow in the future as well.
Risk of Investing in Europe.  The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the “EU”) requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro (the common currency of certain EU countries), the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession among EU member countries may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners. Although certain European countries do not use the euro, many of these countries are obliged to meet the criteria for joining the euro zone. Consequently, these countries must comply with many of the restrictions noted above. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about economic downturns, rising government debt levels and the possible default of government debt in several European countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In order to prevent further economic deterioration, certain countries, without prior warning, can institute “capital controls.” Countries may use these controls to restrict volatile movements of capital entering and exiting their country. Such controls may negatively affect a Fund’s investments. A default or debt restructuring by any European country would adversely impact holders of that country's debt and sellers of credit default swaps linked to that country's creditworthiness, which may be located in countries other than those listed above. In addition, the credit ratings of certain
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European countries were recently downgraded. These downgrades may result in further deterioration of investor confidence. These events have adversely affected the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect the economies of every country in Europe, including countries that do not use the euro and non-EU member countries. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not produce the desired results, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and other entities of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.
Risk of Investing in France.  Investment in French issuers may subject the Fund to legal, regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risk specific to France. During the most recent financial crisis, the French economy, along with certain other EU economies, experienced a significant economic slowdown. Recently, new concerns emerged in relation to the economic health of the EU. These concerns have led to tremendous downward pressure on certain EU member states, including France. Interest rates on France’s debt may rise to levels that make it difficult for it to service high debt levels without significant financial help from, among others, the European Central Bank and could potentially lead to default. In addition, the French economy is dependent to a significant extent on the economies of certain key trading partners, including Germany and other Western European countries. Reduction in spending on French products and services, or changes in any of the economies may cause an adverse impact on the French economy. France may be subject to acts of terrorism. The French economy is dependent on exports from the agricultural sector. Leading agricultural exports include dairy products, meat, wine, fruit and vegetables, and fish. As a result, the French economy is susceptible to fluctuations in demand for agricultural products.
Risk of Investing in Hong Kong.  The Fund’s investment in Hong Kong issuers may subject the Fund to legal, regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risk specific to Hong Kong. China is Hong Kong’s largest trading partner, both in terms of exports and imports. Any changes in the Chinese economy, trade regulations or currency exchange rates may have an adverse impact on Hong Kong’s economy.
Political and Social Risk. Hong Kong reverted to Chinese sovereignty on July 1, 1997 as a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China under the principle of “one country, two systems.” Although China is obligated to maintain the current capitalist economic and social system of Hong Kong through June 30, 2047, the continuation of economic and social freedoms enjoyed in Hong Kong is dependent on the government of China. Any attempt by China to tighten its control over Hong Kong's political, economic or social policies may result in an adverse effect on Hong Kong's economy.
Economic Risk. The economy of Hong Kong is closely tied to the economy of China. The Chinese economy has grown rapidly during the past several years and there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. China may experience substantial rates of inflation or economic recessions, causing a negative effect on the economy and securities market. Delays in enterprise restructuring, slow development of well-functioning financial markets and widespread corruption have also hindered performance of the Chinese economy, and China continues to receive substantial pressure from trading partners to liberalize official currency exchange rates.
Risk of Investing in Japan.  Japan may be subject to political, economic, nuclear, and labor risks. Any of these risks, individually or in the aggregate, can impact an investment made in Japan.
Economic Risk. The growth of Japan’s economy has historically lagged that of its Asian neighbors and other major developed economies. The Japanese economy is heavily dependent on international trade and has been adversely affected by trade tariffs, other protectionist measures, competition from emerging economies and the economic conditions of its trading partners. Japan is also heavily dependent on oil imports, and higher commodity prices could therefore have a negative impact on the Japanese economy.
Political Risk. Historically, Japan has had unpredictable national politics and may experience frequent political turnover. Future political developments may lead to changes in policy that might adversely affect a Fund’s investments. In addition, China has become an important trading partner with Japan. Japan’s political relationship with China, however, has become strained. Should political tension increase, it could adversely affect the Japanese economy and destabilize the region as a whole.
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Large Government Debt Risk. The Japanese economy faces several concerns, including a financial system with large levels of nonperforming loans, over-leveraged corporate balance sheets, extensive cross-ownership by major corporations, a changing corporate governance structure, and large government deficits. These issues may cause a slowdown of the Japanese economy.
Currency Risk. The Japanese yen has fluctuated widely at times and any increase in its value may cause a decline in exports that could weaken the Japanese economy. Japan has, in the past, intervened in the currency markets to attempt to maintain or reduce the value of the yen. Japanese intervention in the currency markets could cause the value of the yen to fluctuate sharply and unpredictably and could cause losses to investors.
Nuclear Energy Risk. The nuclear power plant catastrophe in Japan in March 2011 may have short-term and long-term effects on the Japanese economy and its nuclear energy industry, the extent of which are currently unknown.
Labor Risk. Japan has an aging workforce and has experienced a significant population decline in recent years. Japan’s labor market appears to be undergoing fundamental structural changes, as a labor market traditionally accustomed to lifetime employment adjusts to meet the need for increased labor mobility, which may adversely affect Japan’s economic competitiveness.
Geographic Risk. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, typhoons and tsunamis, could occur in Japan or surrounding areas and could negatively affect the Japanese economy, and, in turn, could negatively affect a Fund.
Risk of Investing in North America.  The United States is Canada’s and Mexico’s largest trading and investment partner. The Canadian and Mexican economies are significantly affected by developments in the U.S. economy. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) in 1994 among Canada, the United States and Mexico, total merchandise trade between the three countries has increased. To further this relationship, the three NAFTA countries entered into the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America in March 2005, which may further affect Canada’s and Mexico’s dependency on the U.S. economy. Economic events in any one North American country can have a significant economic effect on the entire North American region, and on some or all of the North American countries in which a Fund invests.
Risk of Investing in the United Kingdom.  Investment in British issuers may subject a Fund to regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risks specific to the United Kingdom. The British economy relies heavily on export of financial services to the United States and other European countries. A prolonged slowdown in the financial services sector may have a negative impact on the British economy. In the past, the United Kingdom has been a target of terrorism. Acts of terrorism in the United Kingdom or against British interests abroad may cause uncertainty in the British financial markets and adversely affect the performance of the issuers to which a Fund has exposure. The British economy, along with the United States and certain other European economies, experienced a significant economic slowdown during the recent financial crisis.
Risk of Investing in the United States.  Issuers located in the United States constitute a majority of the Fund’s holdings. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in trade regulations and/or an economic recession in the United States may have a material adverse effect on the U.S. economy and the securities listed on U.S. exchanges. The financial crisis that began in 2007 caused a significant decline in the value and liquidity of issuers in the United States. Policy and legislative changes in the United States are changing many aspects of financial and other regulation and may have a significant effect on the U.S. markets generally, as well as the value of certain securities. In addition, a continued rise in the U.S. public debt level or U.S. austerity measures may adversely affect U.S. economic growth and the securities to which the Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in the Aerospace and Defense Industry.  The aerospace and defense industry can be significantly affected by government defense and aerospace regulation and spending policies. The aerospace industry in particular has recently been affected by adverse economic conditions and consolidation within the industry.
Risk of Investing in the Basic Materials Industry Group.  Issuers in the basic materials industry group could be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls and increased competition. Companies in the basic materials industry group may be subject to swift fluctuations in supply and demand. Fluctuations may be caused by events relating to political and economic developments, the environmental impact of basic materials operations, and the success of exploration projects. Production of industrial materials often exceeds demand as a result of over-building or economic
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downturns, leading to poor investment returns. Issuers in the basic materials industry group are at risk for environmental damage and product liability claims and may be adversely affected by depletion of resources, delays in technical progress, labor relations, tax and government regulations related to changes to, among other things, energy and environmental policies.
Risk of Investing in the Biotechnology Industry.  Biotechnology companies depend on the successful development of new and proprietary technologies. There can be no assurance that the development of new technologies will be successful or that intellectual property rights will be obtained with respect to new technologies. The loss or impairment of intellectual property rights may adversely affect the profitability of biotechnology companies. In addition, companies in the biotechnology industry spend heavily on research and development and their products or services may not prove commercially successful or may become obsolete quickly. The risks of high development costs may be exacerbated by the inability to raise prices as a result of managed care pressure, government regulation or price controls. Biotechnology companies can suffer persistent losses during the transition of new products from development to production or when products are or may be subject to regulatory approval processes or regulatory scrutiny and, as a consequence, the earnings of biotechnology companies may be erratic. Companies in the biotechnology industry are also exposed to the risk that they will be subject to products liability claims. Companies involved in the biotechnology industry may be subject to extensive government regulations by the Food and Drug Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, among other foreign and domestic regulators. Such regulation may significantly affect and limit biotechnology research, product development and approval of products.
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group.  The capital goods industry group may be affected by fluctuations in the business cycle and by other factors affecting manufacturing demands. The capital goods industry group depends heavily on corporate spending. The capital goods industry group may perform well during times of economic expansion, and as economic conditions worsen, the demand for capital goods may decrease due to weakening demand, worsening business cash flows, tighter credit controls and deteriorating profitability. During times of economic volatility, corporate spending may fall and adversely affect the capital goods industry group. This industry group may also be affected by changes in interest rates, corporate tax rates and other government policies. Many capital goods are sold internationally and such companies are subject to market conditions in other countries and regions.
Risk of Investing in the Chemicals Industry.  The success of companies in the chemicals industry can be significantly affected by intense competition, product obsolescence, raw materials prices, and government regulation. As regulations are developed and enforced, chemicals companies could be required to alter or cease production of a product, pay fines, pay for cleaning up a disposal site or agree to restrictions on their operations. In addition, chemicals companies may be subject to risks associated with production, handling, and disposal, as some of the materials and processes used by these companies involve hazardous components.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Cyclical Industry.  A Fund may invest in consumer cyclical companies, which rely heavily on the business cycle and economic conditions. Consumer cyclical companies include automotive manufacturers, retail companies, and housing. The consumer cyclical industry can be significantly affected by several factors, including, without limitation, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange rates, changing consumer tastes and trends, marketing campaigns, cyclical revenue generation, consumer confidence, commodity price volatility, labor relations, interest rates, import and export controls, intense competition, technological developments and government regulation.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Defensive Industry.  A Fund is subject to risks faced by companies in the consumer defensive industry including: governmental regulation affecting the permissibility of using various food additives and production methods, which could affect profitability; new laws or litigation that may adversely affect tobacco companies; fads, marketing campaigns and other factors affecting supply and demand that may strongly affect securities prices and profitability of food, soft drink and fashion related products; and international events that may affect food and beverage companies that derive a substantial portion of their net income from foreign countries.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector.  Companies engaged in the design, production or distribution of products or services for the consumer discretionary sector (including, without limitation, television and radio broadcasting, manufacturing, publishing, recording and musical instruments, motion pictures, photography, amusement and theme parks, gaming casinos, sporting goods and sports arenas, camping and recreational equipment, toys and games, apparel, travel-related services, automobiles, hotels and motels, and fast food and other restaurants) are subject to the risk that their products or services may become obsolete quickly. The success of these companies can depend heavily on disposable
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household income and consumer spending. During periods of an expanding economy, the consumer discretionary sector may outperform the consumer staples sector, but may underperform when economic conditions worsen. Moreover, the consumer discretionary sector can be significantly affected by several factors, including, without limitation, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange rates, changing consumer preferences, demographics, marketing campaigns, cyclical revenue generation, consumer confidence, commodity price volatility, labor relations, interest rates, import and export controls, intense competition, technological developments and government regulation.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Goods Industry.  The success of the consumer goods industry is tied closely to the performance of the domestic and international economy, interest rates, exchange rates, competition, consumer confidence and consumer disposable income. The consumer goods industry may be strongly affected by trends, marketing campaigns and other factors affecting consumer demand. Governmental regulation affecting the use of various food additives may affect the profitability of certain companies in the consumer goods industry. Moreover, international events may affect food and beverage companies that derive a substantial portion of their net income from foreign countries. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by new laws, regulations and litigation. Many consumer goods may be marketed globally, and consumer goods companies may be affected by the demand and market conditions in other countries and regions. Companies in the consumer goods industry may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability. Changes in demographics and consumer preferences may affect the success of consumer products.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Services Industry.  The success of consumer product manufacturers and retailers (including food and drug retailers, general retailers, media, and travel and leisure) is tied closely to the performance of the domestic and international economy, interest rates, exchange rates, competition and consumer confidence. The consumer services industry depends heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. Companies in the consumer services industry may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability. Changes in demographics and consumer preferences may affect the success of consumer service providers.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector.  Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by changes in the global economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics and consumer preferences, and production spending. Companies in the consumer staples sector may also be affected by changes in global economic, environmental and political events, economic conditions, the depletion of resources, and government regulation. For instance, government regulations may affect the permissibility of using various food additives and production methods of companies that make food products, which could affect company profitability. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by the adoption of proposed legislation and/or by litigation. Companies in the consumer staples sector also may be subject to risks pertaining to the supply of, demand for and prices of raw materials. The prices of raw materials fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, changes in government agricultural support programs, exchange rates, import and export controls, changes in international agricultural and trading policies, and seasonal and weather conditions. Companies in the consumer staples sector may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability.
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector.  Companies in the energy sector are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, energy supply and demand, government regulations and policies, energy production and conservation efforts, technological change, and other factors that a Fund cannot control; these companies may lack resources and have limited business lines. The energy sector is cyclical and is highly dependent on commodity prices. Prices and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to national and international political changes, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the key energy-consuming countries.
Companies in the energy infrastructure industry may be adversely affected by terrorism, natural disasters or other catastrophes. Companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property, pollution or other environmental damage claims. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. Significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. Additionally, the Middle East, where many companies in the energy sector may operate, has recently seen widespread social unrest.
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Companies in the energy sector may also be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, negative perception, efforts at energy conservation and world events in the regions in which the companies operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Because a significant portion of revenues of companies in this sector are derived from a relatively small number of customers that are largely composed of governmental entities and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on the stock prices of companies in this sector. The energy sector is highly regulated. Entities operating in the energy sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation can change rapidly or over time in both scope and intensity. Stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would likely increase compliance costs and may materially adversely affect the financial performance of companies in the energy sector.
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector.  Companies in the financials sector include regional and money center banks, securities brokerage firms, asset management companies, savings banks and thrift institutions, specialty finance companies (e.g., credit card, mortgage providers), insurance and insurance brokerage firms, financial conglomerates and foreign banking and financial companies. The global financial markets have experienced very difficult conditions and volatility as well as significant adverse trends. The conditions in these markets have resulted in a decrease in availability of corporate credit, capital and liquidity and have led indirectly to the insolvency, closure or acquisition of a number of financial institutions. These conditions have also contributed to consolidation within the financial industry. In addition, the global financial industry has been materially and adversely affected by a significant decline in the value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and by the sovereign debt crisis. The prospects of many financial companies are questionable and continue to evolve as financial companies revise their outlooks and write down assets that they hold.
Most financial companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which limits their activities and may affect their ability to earn a profit from a given line of business. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financials sector, including effects not intended by the regulation. Direct governmental intervention in the operations of financial companies and financial markets may materially and adversely affect the companies in which a Fund invests, including legislation in many countries that may increase government regulation, repatriation and other intervention. The impact of governmental intervention and legislative changes on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The valuation of financial companies has been and continues to be subject to unprecedented volatility and may be influenced by unpredictable factors, including interest rate risk and sovereign debt default. Certain financial businesses are subject to intense competitive pressures, including market share and price competition. Financial companies in foreign countries are subject to market specific and general regulatory and interest rate concerns. In particular, government regulation in certain foreign countries may include taxes and controls on interest rates, credit availability, minimum capital requirements, ban on short sales, prices and currency transfers.
The profitability of banks, savings and loan associations and financial companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change; for instance, when interest rates go up, the value of securities issued by many types of companies in the financials sector generally goes down. In other words, financial companies may be adversely affected in certain market cycles, including, without limitation, during periods of rising interest rates, which may restrict the availability and increase the cost of capital, and during periods of declining economic conditions, which may cause credit losses due to financial difficulties of borrowers.
In addition, general economic conditions are important to the operations of these companies, and financial difficulties of borrowers may have an adverse effect on the profitability of financial companies. Financial companies can be highly dependent upon access to capital markets and any impediments to such access, such as adverse overall economic conditions or a negative perception in the capital markets of a financial company’s financial condition or prospects, could adversely affect its business. Deterioration of credit markets, as experienced in 2008 and 2009, can have an adverse impact on a broad range of financial markets, causing certain financial companies to incur large losses. In these conditions, companies in the financials sector may experience significant declines in the valuation of their assets, take actions to raise capital and even cease operations. Some financial companies may also be required to accept or borrow significant amounts of capital from government sources and may face future government imposed restrictions on their businesses or increased government intervention. In addition, there is no guarantee that governments will provide any such relief in the future. These actions may cause the securities of many companies in the financials sector to decline in value.
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Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector.  Companies in the healthcare sector are often issuers whose profitability may be affected by extensive government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising or falling costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure, an increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and other market developments. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection and the actual or perceived safety and efficiency of their products.
Patents have a limited duration and, upon expiration, other companies may market substantially similar “generic” products that are typically sold at a lower price than the patented product, causing the original developer of the product to lose market share and/or reduce the price charged for the product, resulting in lower profits for the original developer. As a result, the expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.
In addition, because the products and services of many companies in the healthcare sector affect the health and well-being of many individuals, these companies are especially susceptible to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the healthcare sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly, resulting in increased development costs, delayed cost recovery and loss of competitive advantage to the extent that rival companies have developed competing products or procedures, adversely affecting the company’s revenues and profitability. In other words, delays in the regulatory approval process may diminish the opportunity for a company to profit from a new product or to bring a new product to market, which could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Healthcare companies may also be strongly affected by scientific biotechnology or technological developments and their products may quickly become obsolete. Also, many healthcare companies offer products and services that are subject to governmental regulation and may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies or laws. Legislation introduced or considered by certain governments on any individual healthcare company or on the healthcare sector as a whole cannot be predicted. These laws and proposals span a wide range of topics, including cost control, national health insurance, incentives for compensation in the provision of healthcare services, tax incentives and penalties related to healthcare insurance premiums, and promotion of prepaid healthcare plans. No one can predict what proposals will be enacted or what potentially adverse effect they may have on healthcare-related or biotechnology-related companies.
Additionally, the expansion of facilities by healthcare related providers is subject to “determinations of need” by certain government authorities. This process not only increases the time and costs involved in these expansions, but also makes expansion plans uncertain, limiting the revenue and profitability growth potential of healthcare related facilities operators and negatively affecting the price of their securities. Moreover, in recent years both local and national governmental budgets have come under pressure to reduce spending and control healthcare costs, which could both adversely affect regulatory processes and public funding available for healthcare products, services and facilities.
Risk of Investing in the Home Construction Industry.  The home construction industry may be significantly affected by changes in government spending, zoning laws, economic conditions, interest rates, commodity prices, consumer confidence and spending, taxation, demographic patterns, real estate values, overbuilding, housing starts, and new and existing home sales. Rising interest rates, reductions in mortgage availability to consumers, increasing foreclosure rates or increases in the costs of owning a home could reduce the market for new homes and adversely affect the profitability of home construction companies. Different segments of the home construction industry can be significantly affected by environmental clean-up costs and catastrophic events such as earthquakes, hurricanes and terrorist acts. Home construction companies may lack diversification, due to ownership of a limited number of properties and concentration in a particular geographic region or property type.
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector.  The value of securities issued by companies in the industrials sector may be affected by supply and demand both for their specific products or services and for industrials sector products in general. The products of manufacturing companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Government regulations, world events and economic conditions affect the performance of companies in the industrials sector. The industrials sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced by unpredictable factors. Aerospace and defense companies, a component of the industrials sector, can be significantly affected by government spending policies because companies involved in this industry rely, to a significant extent, on government demand for their products and services. Thus, the financial condition of, and investor interest in, aerospace and defense companies are heavily influenced by governmental defense spending policies, which are typically under pressure from efforts to control government budgets. Transportation stocks, a component of the industrials
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sector, are cyclical and can be significantly affected by economic changes, fuel prices, labor relations and insurance costs. Transportation companies in certain countries may also be subject to significant government regulation and oversight, which may adversely affect their businesses. For example, commodity price declines and unit volume reductions resulting from an over-supply of materials used in the industrials sector can adversely affect the sector. Furthermore, companies in the industrials sector may be subject to liability for environmental damage, product liability claims, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control.
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector.  Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Like other technology companies, information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the information technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses. These risks are heightened for information technology companies in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Insurance Industry Group.  The insurance industry group is subject to extensive government regulation and can be significantly affected by changes in interest rates, general economic conditions, price and marketing competition, the imposition of premium rate caps or other changes in government regulation or tax law. Different segments of the insurance industry group can be significantly affected by mortality and morbidity rates, environmental clean-up costs and catastrophic events such as earthquakes, hurricanes and terrorist acts.
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector.  Companies in the materials sector may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, technical progress, labor relations and government regulations, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control, among other factors. Also, companies in the materials sector are at risk of liability for environmental damage and product liability claims. Production of materials may exceed demand as a result of market imbalances or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns. These risks are heightened for companies in the materials sector located in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Medical Equipment Industry Group.  Many companies in the medical equipment industry group are heavily dependent on patent protection, and the expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Companies in the medical equipment industry group may be subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims as well as competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. The profitability of some medical equipment companies may be dependent on a relatively limited number of products. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies or other market developments. Many new products in the medical equipment industry group are subject to regulatory approvals, and the process of obtaining such approvals is long and costly.
Risk of Investing in the Metals and Mining Industry.  Certain of the Funds will invest in securities that are issued by and/or have exposure to, companies primarily involved in the metals and mining industry. Investments in metals and mining industry companies may be speculative and subject to greater price volatility than investments in other types of companies. The profitability of companies in the metals and mining industry is related to, among other things, worldwide metal prices, and extraction and production costs. Worldwide metal prices may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time, so a Fund’s share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. In addition, metals and mining companies may be significantly affected by changes in global demand for certain metals, economic developments, energy conservation, exchange rates, the success of exploration projects, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, and world events in the regions that the companies to which a Fund has exposure operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence and labor unrest). Metals and mining companies may also be subject to the effects of competitive pressures in the metals and mining industry.
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Risk of Investing in the Oil and Gas Industry.  Companies in the oil and gas industry are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, oil and gas supply and demand, government regulations and policies, oil and gas production and conservation efforts and technological change. The oil and gas industry is cyclical and from time to time may experience a shortage of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies or qualified personnel, or due to significant demand, such services may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. Prices and supplies of oil and gas may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to national and international political changes, OPEC policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economies of key energy-consuming countries. Disruptions in the oil sub-industry or shifts in energy consumption may significantly impact companies in this industry. For instance, significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. In addition, the Middle East, where many companies in the oil and gas industry may operate, has recently seen widespread social unrest. Oil and gas companies operate in a highly competitive industry, with intense price competition. A significant portion of their revenues may depend on a relatively small number of customers, including governmental entities and utilities. Companies that own or operate gas pipelines are subject to certain risks, including pipeline and equipment leaks and ruptures, explosions, fires, unscheduled downtime, transportation interruptions, discharges or releases of toxic or hazardous gases and other environmental risks.
Risk of Investing in the Oil Equipment and Services Sub-Industry.  The profitability of companies in the oil equipment and services sub-industry is related to worldwide energy prices, exploration, and production spending. Companies in the oil equipment and services sub-industry may be adversely affected by natural disasters or other catastrophes. Companies in the oil equipment and services sub-industry may be at risk for environmental damage claims and other types of litigation. Companies in the oil equipment and services sub-industry may be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, imposition of import controls and increased competition. Companies in the oil equipment and services sub-industry may be adversely affected by oil deposits, technological developments and labor relations. Companies in the oil equipment and services sub-industry may be adversely affected by government regulation and intervention, negative perception and world events in the regions that the companies operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Companies in the oil equipment and services sub-industry may have significant capital investments in, or engage in transactions involving, emerging market countries, which may heighten these risks.
Risk of Investing in the Pharmaceuticals Industry.  Companies in the pharmaceuticals industry are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. The profitability of some companies in the pharmaceuticals industry may be dependent on a relatively limited number of products. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies or other market developments. Many new products in the pharmaceuticals industry are subject to government approvals, regulation and reimbursement rates. The process of obtaining government approvals may be long and costly. Many companies in the pharmaceuticals industry are heavily dependent on patents and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Companies in the pharmaceutical industry may be subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims.
Risk of Investing in the Real Estate Industry Group.  Companies in the real estate industry group include companies that invest in real estate, such as a REIT or a real estate holding company (collectively, “Real Estate Companies”). Investing in Real Estate Companies exposes investors to the risks of owning real estate directly, as well as to risks that relate specifically to the way in which Real Estate Companies are organized and operated. Real estate is highly sensitive to general and local economic conditions and developments, and characterized by intense competition and periodic overbuilding. Investing in Real Estate Companies involves various risks. Some risks that are specific to Real Estate Companies are discussed in greater detail below.
Interest Rate Risk. Rising interest rates could result in higher costs of capital for Real Estate Companies, which could negatively impact a Real Estate Company’s ability to meet its payment obligations.
Leverage Risk. Real Estate Companies may use leverage (and some may be highly leveraged), which increases investment risk and could adversely affect a Real Estate Company’s operations and market value in periods of rising interest rates. Real Estate Companies are also exposed to the risks normally associated with debt financing. Financial covenants related to a Real Estate Company’s leverage may affect the ability of the Real Estate Company to operate effectively. In addition, real property may be subject to the quality of credit extended and defaults by borrowers and tenants. If the properties do not generate sufficient
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income to meet operating expenses, including, where applicable, debt service, ground lease payments, tenant improvements, third-party leasing commissions and other capital expenditures, the income and ability of a Real Estate Company to make payments of any interest and principal on its debt securities will be adversely affected.
Property Risk. Real Estate Companies may be subject to risks relating to functional obsolescence or reduced desirability of properties; extended vacancies due to economic conditions and tenant bankruptcies; catastrophic events such as earthquakes, hurricanes and terrorist acts; and casualty or condemnation losses. Real estate income and values also may be greatly affected by demographic trends, such as population shifts or changing tastes and values, or increasing vacancies or declining rents resulting from legal, cultural, technological, global or local economic developments.
Management Risk. Real Estate Companies are dependent upon management skills and may have limited financial resources. Real Estate Companies are generally not diversified and may be subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, transactions between Real Estate Companies and their affiliates may be subject to conflicts of interest, which may adversely affect a Real Estate Company’s shareholders. A Real Estate Company may also have joint venture investments in certain of its properties and, consequently, its ability to control decisions relating to such properties may be limited.
Liquidity Risk. Investing in Real Estate Companies may involve risks similar to those associated with investing in small-capitalization companies. Real Estate Company securities, like the securities of smaller capitalization companies, may be more volatile than, and perform differently from, shares of large-capitalization companies. There may be less trading in Real Estate Company shares, which means that buy and sell transactions in those shares could have a magnified impact on share price, resulting in abrupt or erratic price fluctuations. In addition, real estate is relatively illiquid and, therefore, a Real Estate Company may have a limited ability to vary or liquidate properties in response to changes in economic or other conditions.
Concentration Risk. Real Estate Companies may own a limited number of properties and concentrate their investments in a particular geographic region or property type.
U.S. Tax Risk. Certain U.S. Real Estate Companies are subject to special U.S. federal tax requirements. A REIT that fails to comply with such tax requirements may be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, which may affect the value of the REIT and the characterization of the REIT’s distributions. The U.S. federal tax requirement that a REIT distribute substantially all of its net income to its shareholders may result in a REIT having insufficient capital for future expenditures.
Regulatory Risk. Real estate income and values may be adversely affected by such factors as applicable domestic and foreign laws (including tax laws). Government actions, such as tax increases, zoning law changes or environmental regulations, also may have a major impact on real estate.
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector.  Technology companies are characterized by periodic new product introductions, innovations and evolving industry standards, and, as a result, face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Companies in the technology sector are often smaller and less experienced companies and may be subject to greater risks than larger companies; these risks may be heightened for technology companies in foreign markets. Technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, changes in consumer and business purchasing patterns, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. In addition, a rising interest rate environment tends to negatively affect companies in the technology sector because, in such an environment, those companies with high market valuations may appear less attractive to investors, which may cause sharp decreases in the companies’ market prices. Companies in the technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. The technology sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced or characterized by unpredictable factors. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector.  The telecommunications sector of an economy is often subject to extensive government regulation. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failure to receive required regulatory approvals, or the enactment of new adverse regulatory requirements may negatively affect the business of telecommunications companies. Government actions around the world, specifically in the area of pre-marketing clearance of
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products and prices, can be arbitrary and unpredictable. Companies in the telecommunications sector may experience distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in formulating new products and services using new technology. Technological innovations may make the products and services of telecommunications companies obsolete. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the telecommunications sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Timber and Forestry Industry.  The market value of timber and forestry companies may be negatively affected by events occurring in nature and by international and local politics. Natural disasters such as wild fires, volcanic eruptions, flooding, and severe weather conditions may affect the output of timber and timber-related products, and demand for timber and timber-related products in the U.S. and internationally may decrease due to new or changed tariffs, quotas or trade agreements. Rising interest rates or unfavorable economic conditions could also negatively affect the prices of or demand for timber and timber-related products.
Risk of Investing in the Transportation Industry Group.  Issuers in the transportation industry group can be significantly affected by economic changes, fuel prices, labor relations, technology developments, exchange rates, industry competition, and insurance costs. Transportation companies in certain countries may also be subject to significant government regulation and oversight, which may adversely affect their businesses. Other risk factors that may affect transportation companies include the risk of increases in fuel and other operating costs and the effects of regulatory changes or other government decisions. Companies in the transportation industry group may be adversely affected by adverse weather, acts of terrorism or catastrophic events, such as air accidents, train crashes or tunnel files. Companies in the transportation industry group may also be subject to the risk of widespread disruption of technology systems and increasing equipment and operational costs.
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector.  Investments in utility companies involve special considerations, including the risk of changing commodity prices, government regulation stipulating rates charged by utilities, increased tariffs, changes in tax laws, interest rate fluctuations and changes in the cost of providing specific utility services. The utilities industry is also subject to potential terrorist attacks, natural disasters and severe weather conditions, as well as regulatory and operational burdens associated with the operation and maintenance of nuclear facilities. Government regulators monitor and control utility revenues and costs, and therefore may limit utility profits. In certain countries, regulatory authorities may also restrict a company’s access to new markets, thereby diminishing the company’s long-term prospects.
There are substantial differences among the regulatory practices and policies of various jurisdictions, and any regulatory agency may make major shifts in policy from time to time. There is no assurance that regulatory authorities will, in the future, grant rate increases or that such increases will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on common stocks issued by a utility company. Additionally, existing and possible future regulatory legislation may make it even more difficult for utilities to obtain adequate relief. Certain of the issuers of securities held in a Fund’s portfolio may own or operate nuclear generating facilities. Governmental authorities may from time to time review existing policies and impose additional requirements governing the licensing, construction and operation of nuclear power plants. Prolonged changes in climatic conditions can also have a significant impact on both the revenues of an electric and gas utility as well as the expenses of a utility, particularly a hydro-based electric utility.
The rates that traditional regulated utility companies may charge their customers generally are subject to review and limitation by governmental regulatory commissions. Due to political and regulatory factors, rate changes ordinarily occur only following a delay after the changes in financing costs or may not occur at all. This will tend to favorably affect a regulated utility company’s earnings and dividends in times of decreasing costs, but conversely, will tend to adversely affect earnings and dividends when costs are rising. The value of regulated utility debt securities (and, to a lesser extent, equity securities) tends to have an inverse relationship to the movement of interest rates. Certain utility companies have experienced full or partial deregulation in recent years. These utility companies are frequently more similar to industrial companies in that they are subject to greater competition and have been permitted by regulators to diversify outside of their original geographic regions and their traditional lines of business. As a result, some companies may be forced to defend their core business and may be less profitable.
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Proxy Voting Policy
All Funds (other than the iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF and the iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF):
The Trust has adopted, as its proxy voting policies for each Fund, the proxy voting guidelines of BFA, the investment adviser to each Fund. The Trust has delegated to BFA the responsibility for voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by each Fund. The remainder of this section discusses each Fund’s proxy voting guidelines and BFA’s role in implementing such guidelines.
BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies for each Fund in a manner that BFA, in the exercise of its independent business judgment, concludes is in the best economic interests of such Fund. In some cases, BFA may determine that it is in the best economic interests of a Fund to refrain from exercising the Fund’s proxy voting rights (such as, for example, proxies on certain non-U.S. securities that might impose costly or time-consuming in-person voting requirements). With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, BFA’s approach is also driven by each Fund's economic interests. The evaluation of the economic desirability of recalling loans involves balancing the revenue-producing value of loans against the likely economic value of casting votes. Based on our evaluation of this relationship, we believe that the likely economic value of casting a vote generally is less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by BFA recalling loaned securities in order to ensure they are voted. Periodically, BFA analyzes the process and benefits of voting proxies for securities on loan, and will consider whether any modification of its proxy voting policies or procedures are necessary in light of any regulatory changes. BFA will normally vote on specific proxy issues in accordance with its proxy voting guidelines. BFA’s proxy voting guidelines provide detailed guidance as to how to vote proxies on certain important or commonly raised issues. BFA may, in the exercise of its business judgment, conclude that the proxy voting guidelines do not cover the specific matter upon which a proxy vote is requested, or that an exception to the proxy voting guidelines would be in the best economic interests of a Fund. BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of such issuer) to a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates, or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates. When voting proxies, BFA attempts to encourage issuers to follow practices that enhance shareholder value and increase transparency and allow the market to place a proper value on their assets. With respect to certain specific issues:
Each Fund generally supports the board’s nominees in the election of directors and generally supports proposals that strengthen the independence of boards of directors;
Each Fund generally does not support proposals on social issues that lack a demonstrable economic benefit to the issuer and the Fund investing in such issuer; and
Each Fund generally votes against anti-takeover proposals and proposals that would create additional barriers or costs to corporate transactions that are likely to deliver a premium to shareholders.
BFA maintains institutional policies and procedures that are designed to prevent any relationship between the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of the issuer) and a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates (if any) or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates, from having undue influence on BFA’s proxy voting activity. In certain instances, BFA may determine to engage an independent fiduciary to vote proxies as a further safeguard against potential conflicts of interest or as otherwise required by applicable law. The independent fiduciary may either vote such proxies or provide BFA with instructions as to how to vote such proxies. In the latter case, BFA votes the proxy in accordance with the independent fiduciary’s determination.
The iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF and the iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF:
The Trust has adopted separate proxy voting guidelines for the iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF and iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF (the “MSCI Social ETFs”) and has delegated to Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”) the responsibility for voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by the MSCI Social ETFs.
The MSCI Social ETFs maintain proxy voting guidelines consistent with the principle that “socially responsible” shareholders are concerned not only with economic returns and sound corporate governance, but also with the ethical behavior of corporations and the social and environmental impact of their actions. With respect to social and environmental matters, the MSCI Social ETFs' proxy voting guidelines seek to reflect a broad consensus of the socially responsible investing community. The guidelines are based on a commitment to create and preserve economic value and to advance principles of good corporate governance, consistent with responsibilities to society as a whole. The MSCI Social ETFs vote (or refrain from
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voting) proxies in a manner that is consistent with these principles. In some cases, it may be in the best interest of shareholders of the MSCI Social ETFs to refrain from exercising the MSCI Social ETFs' proxy voting rights. The MSCI Social ETFs' proxy voting guidelines provide detailed guidance as to how to vote proxies on certain important or commonly raised issues. ISS, as proxy voting agent for the MSCI Social ETFs, will vote (or refrain from voting) on specific proxy issues in accordance with the MSCI Social ETFs' proxy voting guidelines. The guidelines permit ISS to consider certain proposals on a case-by-case basis and to vote on such proposals based on various factors, including an examination of the proposal's merits and consideration of recent and company-specific information. The MSCI Social ETFs vote (or refrain from voting) proxies without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of such issuer) to the MSCI Social ETFs, the MSCI Social ETFs' affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates, or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates.
With respect to certain specific issues:
The MSCI Social ETFs vote on the election of directors on a case by case basis. The MSCI Social ETFs generally oppose slates of director nominees that are not comprised of a majority of independent directors and withhold votes from non-independent directors who sit on key board committees;
The MSCI Social ETFs generally support social, workforce and environmental proposals that promote “good corporate citizenship” while enhancing long term shareholder and stakeholder value and proposals that call for more detailed and comparable reporting of a company’s social, workforce and environmental performance; and
The MSCI Social ETFs generally vote against anti-takeover proposals and proposals that limit the ability of shareholders to act independently of management.
ISS seeks to apply the MSCI Social ETFs' proxy voting policies consistently across all proposals and votes strictly according to the MSCI Social ETFs' policy in order to minimize conflicts of interests. ISS also maintains policies and practices that are designed to neutralize and guard against any conflict of interest that could arise between the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of the issuer) and ISS or ISS’ affiliates. In certain instances, ISS may engage a qualified third party to perform a proxy analysis and issue a vote recommendation as a further safeguard to avoid the influence of a potential conflict of interest.
Information with respect to how BFA or ISS, as applicable, voted proxies relating to the Funds' portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30 is available: (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or through the Funds' website at www.iShares.com; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio holdings information that requires that such information be disclosed in a manner that: (i) is consistent with applicable legal requirements and in the best interests of each Fund’s respective shareholders; (ii) does not put the interests of BFA, the Distributor or any affiliated person of BFA or the Distributor, above those of Fund shareholders; (iii) does not advantage any current or prospective Fund shareholders over any other current or prospective Fund shareholders, except to the extent that certain Entities (as described below) may receive portfolio holdings information not available to other current or prospective Fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units, as discussed below; and (iv) does not provide selective access to portfolio holdings information except pursuant to the procedures outlined below and to the extent appropriate confidentiality arrangements limiting the use of such information are in effect. The “Entities” referred to in sub-section (iii) above are generally limited to National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) members, subscribers to various fee-based subscription services, large institutional investors (known as “Authorized Participants”) that have been authorized by the Distributor to purchase and redeem large blocks of shares pursuant to legal requirements and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information services.
Each business day, each Fund's portfolio holdings information is provided to the Distributor or other agent for dissemination through the facilities of the NSCC and/or other fee-based subscription services to NSCC members and/or subscribers to those other fee-based subscription services, including Authorized Participants, and to entities that publish and/or analyze such information in connection with the process of purchasing or redeeming Creation Units or trading shares of the Funds in the secondary market. This information typically reflects each Fund’s anticipated holdings on the following business day.
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Daily access to information concerning the Funds' portfolio holdings is permitted (i) to certain personnel of those service providers that are involved in portfolio management and providing administrative, operational, risk management, or other support to portfolio management, including affiliated broker-dealers and Authorized Participants; and (ii) to other personnel of the Funds' investment adviser and the Distributor, administrator, custodian and fund accountant who deal directly with or assist in, functions related to investment management, distribution, administration, custody and fund accounting, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with agreements with the Funds and the terms of the Funds' current registration statements. In addition, each Fund discloses its portfolio holdings and the percentages they represent of the Fund's net assets at least monthly, and as often as each day the Fund is open for business, at www.iShares.com. More information about this disclosure is available at www.iShares.com.
Portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds in the ordinary course of business after it has been disseminated to the NSCC. From time to time, information concerning portfolio holdings other than portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds, including rating or ranking organizations, in the ordinary course of business, no earlier than one business day following the date of the information.
Each Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings schedule in public filings with the SEC within 70 days after the end of each fiscal quarter and will provide that information to shareholders as required by federal securities laws and regulations thereunder. A Fund may, however, voluntarily disclose all or part of its portfolio holdings other than in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, in advance of required filings with the SEC, provided that such information is made generally available to all shareholders and other interested parties in a manner that is consistent with the above policy for disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Such information may be made available through a publicly-available website or other means that make the information available to all likely interested parties contemporaneously.
The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information pursuant to the above policy and procedures.
The Board reviews the policy and procedures for disclosure of portfolio holdings information at least annually.
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes
Descriptions of the Underlying Indexes are provided below.
The Cohen & Steers Realty Majors Index
Number of Components: approximately 30
Component Selection Criteria. A Cohen & Steers investment committee determines the securities (i.e., the “components”) of the Cohen & Steers Realty Majors Index. The universe of REITs is first screened for market capitalization and liquidity requirements. To be eligible for inclusion, a REIT must have a minimum market capitalization of $500 million and a minimum of 600,000 shares traded per month for the previous six months. The investment committee determines the final 30 constituents based on a review process. Criteria for inclusion include: the quality of the portfolio of property, sector and geographic diversification, strong management, sound capital structure and a dominant position within a property sector.
After the final list of constituent REITs has been determined, constituent REITs are ranked according to their respective free float adjusted market capitalization. Each constituent REIT that has an index weight greater than 8% will have its weight adjusted downward until it equals 8%. The weight of the remaining constituent REITs will be increased proportionately until the aggregate of all weights equals 100%. As a result, constituents will be large and liquid without any one issue dominating the Underlying Index.
Issue Changes. The Underlying Index is rebalanced quarterly. The weighting for each constituent is updated and adjustments are made if any constituent has a weighting over 8%. The constituents are reviewed for size and liquidity. A REIT will be removed from the Underlying Index if its market capitalization has fallen below $400 million or if the monthly trading volume
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has fallen below 500,000 shares per month for the previous six months. In order to prevent excessive turnover, the size and liquidity requirements are not as stringent during rebalancings as they are for initial inclusion.
Between rebalancing dates, mergers or bankruptcy may result in a deletion or weighting increase. Weighting increases must be greater than 5% and will be adjusted downward if the weighting increase results in the REIT’s weight becoming greater than 8%. In the case of a deletion, the investment committee will select a replacement company to ensure 30 constituents at all times.
Index Maintenance. Maintaining the Underlying Index includes monitoring and completing the adjustments for company additions and deletions, share changes, stock splits, stock dividends, and stock price adjustments due to restructuring and spin-offs. The Underlying Index is a total return index and therefore reflects the reinvestment of dividends. The Underlying Index is calculated by the NYSE Amex Equities and distributed in real time.
Index Availability. The Underlying Index is calculated and broadcast every 15 seconds over the Consolidated Tape Association’s Network B under the ticker “RMP.” This information is distributed by financial data vendors such as Bloomberg.
The Dow Jones Indexes
Component Selection Criteria. Securities of companies listed on a major U.S. exchange (such as the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (“NYSE”), the NYSE MKT Equities or the NASDAQ) are considered for inclusion in the Underlying Indexes, with the following general rules and exceptions. Foreign issues, including ADRs and GDRs, non-common equity issues such as preferred stocks, convertible notes, warrants, rights, closed-end funds, trust receipts, limited liabilities companies, royalty trusts, units, limited partnerships, over-the-counter bulletin boards and pink sheet stocks generally are not eligible for inclusion in the indexes.
Issue Changes. Each Underlying Index (with the exception of the Dow Jones Transportation Average Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Dividend Index and the Dow Jones EPAC Select Dividend Index) is reviewed and rebalanced quarterly to maintain accurate representation of the market segment represented by the Underlying Index. Securities that leave an Index between reconstitution dates are not replaced (with the exception of the Dow Jones EPAC Select Dividend Index, the Dow Jones Transportation Average Index and the Dow Jones U.S. Select Dividend Index). The Dow Jones U.S. Select Dividend Index and the Dow Jones EPAC Select Dividend Index are reviewed and rebalanced annually, however, component changes may take place on a quarterly basis. For the Dow Jones EPAC Select Dividend Index, a company added to the index during the March, June or September review will be included in the index at the weight of the departing company. For the Dow Jones U.S. Select Dividend Index, a company added to the index during the March, June or September review will be included in the index at a weight commensurate with its own indicated annual dividend. Components of the Dow Jones Transportation Average Index are reviewed on an as-needed basis. Thus, the number of securities in an index between rebalancing dates fluctuates according to corporate activity. When a stock is acquired, delisted, or moves to the pink sheets or OTC bulletin boards, the stock is deleted from the Underlying Index. The only additions between rebalancing dates are as a result of spin-offs (with the exception of the Dow Jones EPAC Select Dividend Index and the Dow Jones U.S. Select Dividend Index).
Index Maintenance. Maintaining the Underlying Indexes includes monitoring and completing the adjustments for additions and deletions to each Underlying Index, share changes, stock splits, stock dividends, and stock price adjustments due to restructuring and spin-offs. Generally each component security in an Underlying Index is limited to a maximum market capitalization of 25% of the index weight, and sum of the weights of all component securities greater than 5% of the index is limited to 50% of the index total. If components fail either rule, their market capitalization will be reduced to meet the set guidelines. The Dow Jones U.S. Select Dividend Index and Dow Jones EPAC Select Dividend Index limit the weighting in the index of each component security to no greater than 10% of the Underlying Index.
Weighting. The component stocks are weighted according to the total value of their outstanding shares. The impact of a component’s price change is proportional to the issue’s total market value, which is the share price multiplied by the number of shares outstanding. Each Underlying Index is adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events. Each of the Underlying Indexes (except the Dow Jones Select Sectors Indexes, Dow Jones U.S. Select Dividend Index, Dow Jones Transportation Average Index and Dow Jones EPAC Select Dividend Index) as described below, is a free-float adjusted market capitalization-weighted index, so the impact of a component’s price change is proportional to the component’s free-float adjusted market value, which is the share price multiplied by the number of float-adjusted shares outstanding. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC (“SPDJI”) defines the free-float of
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a security as the proportion of shares outstanding that are deemed to be available for purchase in the public equity markets by investors. In practice, limitations on free-float available to investors include: cross ownership (shares that are owned by other companies), ownership by governments (central or municipal) or their agencies, certain substantial levels of private ownership (by individuals, families or charitable trusts and foundations), and restricted shares. Under SPDJI's free-float adjustment methodology, a company’s outstanding shares are adjusted if, and only if, an entity in any of the four qualified categories listed above owns 5% or more of the company. The company’s shares will not be adjusted if the block ownership is less than 5%. A constituent’s inclusion factor is equal to its estimated percentage of free-float shares outstanding. For example, a constituent security with a free-float of 67% will be included in the index at 67% of its market capitalization. However, a company’s outstanding shares are not adjusted by institutional investors’ holdings, which include, but are not limited to, the following categories: custodian nominees, trustee companies, mutual funds (open-end and closed-end funds), and other investment companies.
Index Availability. The Underlying Indexes are calculated continuously and are available from major data vendors.
Component Selection Criteria Applicable to Dow Jones Subsector Indexes. The following indexes are referred to herein as the Dow Jones Select Sectors and Subsector Indexes: Dow Jones U.S. Basic Materials Index, Dow Jones U.S. Consumer Goods Index, Dow Jones U.S. Consumer Services Index, Dow Jones U.S. Financial Services Index, Dow Jones U.S. Financials Index, Dow Jones U.S. Health Care Index, Dow Jones U.S. Industrials Index, Dow Jones U.S. Oil & Gas Index, Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Index, Dow Jones U.S. Select Aerospace & Defense Index, Dow Jones U.S. Select Health Care Providers Index, Dow Jones U.S. Select Home Construction Index, Dow Jones U.S. Select Insurance Index, Dow Jones U.S. Select Investment Services Index, Dow Jones U.S. Select Medical Equipment Index, Dow Jones U.S. Select Oil Equipment & Services Index, Dow Jones U.S. Select Oil Exploration & Production Index, Dow Jones U.S. Select Pharmaceuticals Index, Dow Jones U.S. Select Regional Banks Index, Dow Jones U.S. Technology Index, Dow Jones U.S. Select Telecommunications Index, Dow Jones U.S. Index and Dow Jones U.S. Utilities Index. On a quarterly basis, SPDJI conducts reviews of the float-adjusted market capitalizations and weightings of the securities in each Dow Jones Subsector Index. Other than the Dow Jones U.S. Select Home Construction Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Regional Banks Index and the Dow Jones U.S. Select Telecommunications Index, on the last business day of the month prior to the quarterly review, a security must have a $500 million float-adjusted market capitalization to be added to a Dow Jones Select Sectors Index; securities with a float-adjusted market capitalization below $250 million will be removed from the applicable Dow Jones Select Sectors Index.
For the Dow Jones U.S. Select Home Construction Index and the Dow Jones U.S. Select Telecommunications Index, on the last business day of the month prior to the quarterly review, a security must have a $500 million float-adjusted market capitalization to be added to a Dow Jones Select Sectors Index; securities with a float-adjusted market capitalization below $100 million will be removed from the applicable Dow Jones Select Sectors Index.
For the Dow Jones U.S. Select Regional Banks Index, index composition is reconstituted annually as part of the June rebalancing. However, if a constituent is deleted from the Dow Jones U.S. Banks Index (i.e. the index selection universe) during a quarterly rebalancing, it is also deleted from the Dow Jones U.S. Select Regional Banks Index at that quarter’s rebalancing. A company is excluded from the Dow Jones U.S. Select Regional Banks Index if its three-year average total assets account for more than 5% of the three-year average total assets of the index selection universe. Any company that failed this asset screen during the previous annual reconstitution and that accounts for at least 4% of the selection universe’s three-year average total assets at the next review will continue to be excluded from the index.
After the close of trading on the NYSE on the second Friday in March, June, September and December, each Dow Jones Subsector Index’s composition is adjusted to meet the following concentration limits:
No single Underlying Index component may have a weight greater than 25% of the Dow Jones Select Sectors Indexes.
The sum of the weights of the Index components that are individually greater than 5% may not be greater than 45% of the Dow Jones Select Sectors Indexes.
The sum of the weights of the five largest Index components may not be greater than 65% of the Dow Jones Select Sectors Indexes.
Dow Jones U.S. Index
Number of Components: approximately 1,254
Index Description. The Dow Jones U.S. Index is a broad based index representative of the total market for U.S. equity securities. The Underlying Index represents approximately 95% of the market capitalization of listed U.S. equities.
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Dow Jones U.S. Basic Materials Index
Number of Components: approximately 62
Index Description. The Dow Jones U.S. Basic Materials Index is a subset of the Dow Jones U.S. Index. The Underlying Index includes only companies in the basic materials industry of the Dow Jones U.S. Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Consumer Goods Index
Number of Components: approximately 119
Index Description. The Dow Jones U.S. Consumer Goods Index is a subset of the Dow Jones U.S. Index. The Underlying Index includes only companies in the consumer goods industry of the Dow Jones U.S. Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Consumer Services Index
Number of Components: approximately 181
Index Description. The Dow Jones U.S. Consumer Services Index is a subset of the Dow Jones U.S. Index. The Underlying Index includes only companies in the consumer services industry of the Dow Jones U.S. Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Financials Index
Number of Components: approximately 260
Index Description. The Dow Jones U.S. Financials Index is a subset of the Dow Jones U.S. Index. The Underlying Index includes only companies in the financial industry of the Dow Jones U.S. Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Financial Services Index
Number of Components: approximately 109
Index Description. The Dow Jones U.S. Financial Services Index is a subset of the Dow Jones U.S. Index. The Underlying Index includes components of the following subsectors in the Dow Jones U.S. Index: banks, asset managers, consumer finance, specialty finance, investments services and mortgage finance.
Dow Jones U.S. Health Care Index
Number of Components: approximately 113
Index Description. This Dow Jones U.S. Health Care Index is a subset of the Dow Jones U.S. Index. The Underlying Index includes only companies in the healthcare industry of the Dow Jones U.S. Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Industrials Index
Number of Components: approximately 223
Index Description. The Dow Jones U.S. Industrials Index is a subset of the Dow Jones U.S. Index. The Underlying Index includes only companies in the industrials industry of the Dow Jones U.S. Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Oil & Gas Index
Number of Components: approximately 84
Index Description. The Dow Jones U.S. Oil & Gas Index is a subset of the Dow Jones U.S. Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Index
Number of Components: approximately 93
Index Description. The Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Index includes only companies in the real estate sector of the Dow Jones U.S. Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Select Aerospace & Defense Index
Number of Components: approximately 33
Index Description. The constituents in the Dow Jones U.S. Select Aerospace & Defense Index are classified as aerospace and defense companies within the Dow Jones U.S. Broad Stock Market Index.
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Dow Jones U.S. Select Dividend Index
Number of Components: 100
Index Description. The Dow Jones U.S. Select Dividend Index measures the performance of a selected group of equity securities issued by companies that have provided relatively high dividend yields on a consistent basis over time. The Underlying Index is comprised of 100 of the highest dividend-yielding securities (excluding REITs) in the Dow Jones U.S. Index. To be included in the Underlying Index, the securities (i) must have had a non-negative historical five-year dividend-per-share growth rate; (ii) must have an average five-year dividend payout ratio of 60% or less; and (iii) must have a minimum three-month average daily trading volume of 200,000 shares. “Dividend payout ratio” reflects the percentage of a company’s earnings paid out as dividends. A ratio of 60% would mean that a company paid out approximately 60% of its earnings as dividends. A company with a lower dividend payout ratio has more earnings to support dividends, and adjustments or changes in the level of earnings are therefore less likely to significantly affect the level of dividends paid. Positive dividend growth rate is a measure of dividend consistency, since it provides some indication of a company’s ability to continue to pay dividends. The Underlying Index is reconstituted annually.
Dow Jones U.S. Select Health Care Providers Index
Number of Components: approximately 46
Index Description. The constituents in the Dow Jones U.S. Select Health Care Providers Index are classified as health care provider companies within the Dow Jones U.S. Broad Stock Market Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Select Home Construction Index
Number of Components: approximately 28
Index Description. The Dow Jones U.S. Select Home Construction Index measures constructors of residential homes, including manufacturers of mobile and prefabricated homes intended for use in one place; manufacturers and distributors of furniture, including chairs, tables, desks, carpeting, and wallpaper; retailers and wholesalers concentrating on the sale of home improvement products, including garden equipment, carpets, wallpaper, paint, home furniture, blinds and curtains, and building materials; producers of materials used in the construction and refurbishment of buildings and structures, including cement and other aggregates, wooden beams and frames, paint, glass, roofing and flooring materials other than carpets. Companies that derive a majority of their revenue from manufacturing and distributing office furniture will not be eligible for inclusion. Companies classified as furnishings, home improvement retailers and building materials and fixtures will be restricted to an aggregate maximum weight of 40% of the index.
Dow Jones U.S. Select Insurance Index
Number of Components: approximately 65
Index Description. The constituents in the Dow Jones U.S. Select Insurance Index are classified as insurance companies within the Dow Jones U.S. Broad Stock Market Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Select Investment Services Index
Number of Components: approximately 21
Index Description. The constituents in the Dow Jones U.S. Select Investment Services Index are classified as investment services companies within the Dow Jones U.S. Broad Stock Market Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Select Medical Equipment Index
Number of Components: approximately 39
Index Description. The constituents in the Dow Jones U.S. Select Medical Equipment Index are classified as medical equipment companies within the Dow Jones U.S. Broad Stock Market Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Select Oil Equipment & Services Index
Number of Components: approximately 47
Index Description. The constituents in the Dow Jones U.S. Select Oil Equipment & Services Index are classified as oil equipment and services companies within the Dow Jones U.S. Broad Stock Market Index.
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Dow Jones U.S. Select Oil Exploration & Production Index
Number of Components: approximately 61
Index Description. The constituents in the Dow Jones U.S. Select Oil Exploration & Production Index are classified as oil exploration and production companies within the Dow Jones U.S. Broad Stock Market Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Select Pharmaceuticals Index
Number of Components: approximately 36
Index Description. The constituents in the Dow Jones U.S. Select Pharmaceuticals Index are classified as pharmaceutical companies within the Dow Jones U.S. Broad Stock Market Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Select Regional Banks Index
Number of Components: approximately 59
Index Description. The constituents in the Dow Jones U.S. Select Regional Banks Index are classified as regional bank companies within the Dow Jones U.S. Broad Stock Market Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Technology Index
Number of Components: approximately 135
Index Description. The Dow Jones U.S. Technology Index is a subset of the Dow Jones U.S. Index. The Underlying Index includes only companies in the technology industry of the Dow Jones U.S. Index.
Dow Jones U.S. Select Telecommunications Index
Number of Components: approximately 25
Index Description. The constituents in the Dow Jones U.S. Select Telecommunications Index are classified as telecommunication companies within the Dow Jones U.S. Broad Stock Market Index.
Dow Jones Transportation Average Index
Number of Components: approximately 20
Index Description. The Dow Jones Transportation Average Index measures the performance of companies from the industrial transportation, airline and general industrial services industries of the U.S. equity market. Companies are selected for inclusion in the Underlying Index by the editors of The Wall Street Journal. The Underlying Index, for practical purposes, is a subset of the Dow Jones U.S. Index. The component stocks are weighted based on the price of the component securities, with the highest priced securities generally having higher weighting in the Underlying Index. The Underlying Index is adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events.
Dow Jones U.S. Utilities Index
Number of Components: approximately 63
Index Description. The Dow Jones U.S. Utilities Index is a subset of the Dow Jones U.S. Index. The Underlying Index includes only companies in the utilities industry of the Dow Jones U.S. Index.
Dow Jones EPAC Select Dividend Index
Number of Components: 100
Index Description. The Dow Jones EPAC Select Dividend Index is a dividend-weighted index that represents investable, high yield companies trading in the developed stock markets outside the United States. The Underlying Index is comprised of the top 100 dividend paying companies by yield that pass all other criteria outlined below. The Underlying Index is calculated with dividends reinvested and is denominated in U.S. dollars.
Component Selection Criteria. The selection universe is the current component set of the Dow Jones Developed Markets ex-U.S. Index, which measures the performance of stocks that trade in developed markets, excluding the United States. Companies must have at least 3 years of dividend history with a non-negative dividend growth to be included in the Underlying Index.
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Weighting. Within each represented country, component weightings are assigned based on indicated annual dividend. The represented countries are then weighted within the index based on dividend yield. The dividend yield values used to calculate share factors are capped at 20%. The weights of individual securities are capped at 10% within the index.
Index Maintenance and Issue Changes. The Underlying Index is a rules-based index. Ongoing maintenance of the Underlying Index is governed by these rules.
Under the following circumstances, a component stock is immediately removed from the Underlying Index, independent of the annual review:
The component company is affected by a corporate action such as a delisting or bankruptcy.
The component company eliminates its dividend.
The component company lowers but does not eliminate its dividend, and its new yield is less than that of the lowest yielding non-component on the latest monthly selection list.
A component stock that is removed from the Underlying Index as the result of an immediate deletion is immediately replaced by the next-highest ranked stock by indicated annual yield as of the most recent monthly selection list. The new stock is added to the Underlying Index at the weight of the departing company.
Methodology. Companies are ranked by their indicated yield using the close five business days prior to the last trading day of November. The top 100 stocks are selected for the initial Underlying Index. In subsequent annual reviews, which will take place after the close of trading of all markets on the third Friday in December, any components that are no longer ranked 200 or higher are replaced by the highest yielding non-component companies.
Liquidity. Companies must have a three-month average daily dollar volume of $3 million to be eligible for addition to the Underlying Index. The Underlying Index is reviewed annually; however, component changes may take place on a quarterly basis. A company added to the Underlying Index during the March, June or September review will be included in the Underlying Index at the weight of the departing company. Reviews are implemented after the close of trading on the third Friday in March, June, September and December.
Index Availability. The Underlying Index is calculated in real-time and published every fifteen seconds. It is distributed via the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) and made available to all international data vendors. Daily values can be found at the Dow Jones Indexes website.
Exchange Rates and Pricing. Foreign exchange rates used in the calculation of the Underlying Index are Reuters' real-time spot rates. The closing value is calculated using the official WM/Reuters Closing Spot Rates. The Underlying Index is calculated in U.S. dollars.
Additional Information. The Dow Jones U.S. Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Basic Materials Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Consumer Goods Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Consumer Services Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Financials Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Financial Services Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Health Care Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Industrials Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Oil & Gas Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Aerospace & Defense Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Dividend Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Health Care Providers Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Home Construction Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Insurance Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Investment Services Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Medical Equipment Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Oil Equipment & Services Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Oil Exploration & Production Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Pharmaceuticals Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Regional Banks Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Technology Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Select Telecommunications Index, the Dow Jones Transportation Average Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Utilities Index and the Dow Jones EPAC Select Dividend Index (collectively, the “Dow Jones Indexes”) are products of SPDJI, and have been licensed for use by BFA or its affiliates. Standard & Poor’s® and S&P® are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC (“SPFS”); Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”); and these trademarks have been licensed for use by SPDJI and sublicensed for certain purposes by BFA or its affiliates. The Funds are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by SPDJI, Dow Jones, SPFS or their respective affiliates and none of such parties make any representation regarding the advisability of investing in such product(s) nor do they have any liability for any errors, omissions, or interruptions of the Dow Jones Indexes.
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The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Indexes
Index Criteria and Methodology. The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Real Estate Index Series (“FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Indexes”) are primarily rule-based, but are also monitored by the applicable regional FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Global Index Advisory Committees. FTSE EPRA/NAREIT defines the Developed Real Estate markets as: North America (including Canada and the United States), Europe (including Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (including the Channel Islands)), Middle East (Israel) and Asia (including Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore and South Korea). In determining geographic allocations, FTSE EPRA/NAREIT primarily considers the company’s country of incorporation and listing. The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Indexes are free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted.
To qualify for inclusion in the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Indexes, a company must be a closed-end company and listed on an official stock exchange and meet certain trading volume requirements as determined by FTSE EPRA/NAREIT. Also, companies must meet geographic financial standards demonstrating that a majority of a company’s earnings or bulk of total assets is the result of real estate activity as determined by FTSE EPRA/NAREIT. Relevant real estate activities are defined as the ownership, trading and development of income-producing real estate. The construction of residential homes for sale is considered relevant real estate in the Asia region only.
Index Maintenance and Issue Changes. The constituents of the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Indexes are generally required to meet the following criteria where applicable: at the quarterly review, non-constituents must have an investable market capitalization of equal or greater than the amounts as determined by FTSE EPRA/NAREIT, and an existing constituent of the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Indexes will be removed from the Indexes unless it has an investable market capitalization of above certain thresholds determined by FTSE EPRA/NAREIT.
Under normal circumstances, the quarterly review occurs on the Thursday following the first Friday of March, June, September and December, using data from the close of business on the last trading day of February, May, August and November. Adjustments in stock weightings and constituents resulting from the periodic assessment become effective on the next trading day following the third Friday of March, June, September and December.
In between reviews, a new issue with an investable market capitalization (i.e., after the application of investability weightings) of equal or greater than the amounts as determined by FTSE/NAREIT for the respective region will be included into the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Indexes after the close of business on the fifth day of trading.
Index Availability. The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Indexes are calculated in real time and generally published throughout the business day, and distributed primarily through global data vendors. Daily values are also made available to major newspapers and can be found at the FTSE website and the EPRA website. The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Indexes are published and calculated using trading values (real-time throughout the day, and closing values at the end of the day) and WM/Reuters Closing Spot Rates for currency values.
FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Asia Index
Number of Components: approximately 78
Index Description. The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Asia Index measures the stock performance of companies engaged in the ownership and development of the developed Asian real estate market, as defined above.
FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Europe Index
Number of Components: approximately 85
Index Description. The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Europe Index measures the stock performance of companies engaged in the ownership and development of the developed European real estate market, as defined above.
FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Real Estate ex-U.S. Index
Number of Components: approximately 187
Index Description. The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Real Estate ex-U.S. Index measures the stock performance of companies engaged in the ownership and development of the developed Canadian, European, Middle East and Asian real estate markets, as defined above.
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FTSE EPRA/NAREIT North America Index
Number of Components: approximately 135
Index Description. The FTSE EPRA/NAREIT North America Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted index that measures the stock performance of companies engaged in the ownership and development of the North American real estate market.
The FTSE NAREIT Indexes
Component Selection Criteria. The FTSE NAREIT U.S. Real Estate Indexes (“FTSE NAREIT Indexes”) are primarily rule-based, but are also monitored by the FTSE NAREIT Index Advisory Committee. All tax-qualified REITs that are listed on the NYSE, the NYSE Amex Equities or the NASDAQ are eligible for inclusion in the FTSE NAREIT Indexes. Potential constituents for the FTSE NAREIT Industrial/Office Capped Index, the FTSE NAREIT All Mortgage Capped Index, the FTSE NAREIT Real Estate 50 Index, the FTSE NAREIT All Residential Capped Index and the FTSE NAREIT Retail Capped Index are determined by sector classifications of constituents in the FTSE NAREIT Composite Index. The FTSE NAREIT Indexes are reviewed on a quarterly basis in March, June September and December for companies which do not qualify for fast entry, but which meet the criteria for eligible securities set out in the index rules. Meetings to review the constituents will be held on the Thursday following the first Friday of March, June, September and December. The review is based on data at the close of business on the last trading day of February, May August and November. The FTSE NAREIT Index Advisory Committee meets quarterly, in Mach, June September and December or more frequently, if required.
When calculating index component weights, component companies’ shares are adjusted for available free-float. In general, shares held by governments, corporations, strategic partners, or other control groups are excluded from a constituent company’s outstanding shares. The FTSE NAREIT Composite Index and FTSE NAREIT Real Estate 50 Index are reviewed for changes in free-float on a quarterly basis, and implementation of any changes to these indexes, and potentially the FTSE NAREIT Indexes, occur at the close of business on the third Friday in March, June, September or December.
Index Maintenance. FTSE is responsible for the daily operation of the FTSE NAREIT Indexes. FTSE will maintain records of the market capitalization of all constituents, and will make changes to the constituents and their weightings in accordance with index rules. FTSE will also carry out the periodic company reviews of the FTSE NAREIT Indexes and implement the resulting constituent changes as required by index rules.
Issue Changes. A company will be added to the FTSE NAREIT Real Estate 50 Index at the annual review if it rises to 40th position or above when the eligible companies are ranked by full market capitalization (before the application of any free-float market adjustments). A company in the FTSE NAREIT Real Estate 50 Index will be deleted at the annual review if it falls to 61st position or below when the eligible companies are ranked by full market capitalization. A deletion or addition to the FTSE NAREIT Real Estate 50 Index may affect other FTSE NAREIT Indexes depending on the sector classification of the constituent to be added or deleted.
If, in the view of the FTSE NAREIT Index Advisory Committee, a new issue that elects REIT status is so large (i.e., its full market capitalization is greater than the market capitalization of the company ranked tenth position or higher in the FTSE NAREIT Real Estate 50 Index) that the effectiveness of the Indexes as market indicators would be significantly and adversely affected by its omission, the FTSE NAREIT Index Advisory Committee may decide to include the new issue (“Fast Entry”) as a constituent in the FTSE NAREIT Real Estate 50 Index, and potentially the FTSE NAREIT Indexes, after the close of business on the fifth day of official trading.
New issues of companies that do not qualify for “Fast Entry” but meet the criteria for eligible securities and have been listed for over 20 business trading days will be eligible for inclusion in the FTSE NAREIT Indexes. The data will be compiled as of the close of business on the last business day in February, May, August and November. The changes will be effective after the close of business on the third Friday in March, June, September and December.
If a constituent is delisted, or ceases to have a firm quotation, or is subject to a takeover offer which has been declared wholly unconditional, it will be removed from the indexes of which it is a constituent. Where the company is a constituent of the FTSE NAREIT Real Estate 50 Index, it will be replaced by the highest ranking company eligible in the FTSE NAREIT Real Estate 50 Index Reserve List.
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Index Availability. The FTSE NAREIT Indexes are calculated continuously during normal trading hours of the NASDAQ, NYSE Amex Equities and NYSE, and are closed on U.S. holidays.
Exchange Rates and Pricing. The prices used to calculate the FTSE NAREIT Indexes are the Reuters daily closing prices or those figures accepted as such. FTSE NAREIT reserves the right to use an alternative pricing source on any given day. For end-of-day alternative currency calculations, FTSE NAREIT uses the WM/Reuters Closing Spot Rates.
FTSE NAREIT Industrial/Office Capped Index
Number of Components: approximately 30
Index Description. The FTSE NAREIT Industrial/Office Capped Index measures the performance of the industrial and office real estate sector of the U.S. equity market. FTSE caps the weight of the constituent securities in the Underlying Index.
FTSE NAREIT All Mortgage Capped Index
Number of Components: approximately 29
Index Description. The FTSE NAREIT All Mortgage Capped Index measures the performance of the residential and commercial mortgage real estate, mortgage finance and savings associations sectors of the U.S. equity market. The FTSE NAREIT All Mortgage Capped Index generally measures the performance of the residential and commercial mortgage real estate sector and generally invests all of its assets in REITs. If the number of constituents in the FTSE NAREIT All Mortgage Capped Index would otherwise fall below 20, FTSE will consider companies from the mortgage finance and savings associations sectors for inclusion in the FTSE NAREIT All Mortgage Capped Index and each company in the mortgage finance and savings associations sector will be capped at 3%, and in aggregate not exceed 30%. FTSE caps the weight of the constituent securities in the Underlying Index.
FTSE NAREIT Real Estate 50 Index
Number of Components: approximately 50
Index Description. The FTSE NAREIT Real Estate 50 Index measures the performance of the large-cap real estate sector of the U.S. equity market. The Index is comprised of the 50 largest REIT companies within the FTSE NAREIT Composite Index.
FTSE NAREIT All Residential Capped Index
Number of Components: approximately 33
Index Description. The FTSE NAREIT All Residential Capped Index measures the performance of the residential, healthcare and self-storage real estate sectors of the U.S. equity market. FTSE caps the weight of the constituent securities in the Underlying Index.
FTSE NAREIT Retail Capped Index
Number of Components: approximately 31
Index Description. The FTSE NAREIT Retail Capped Index measures the performance of the retail property real estate sector of the U.S. equity market. FTSE caps the weight of the constituent securities in the Underlying Index.
The Morningstar Indexes
Component Selection Criteria. The Morningstar U.S. Style Index family is based on the same methodology as the well-known Morningstar Style Box™. The Morningstar Indexes are governed by transparent, objective rules for security selection, exclusion, rebalancing, and adjustments for corporate actions. Morningstar, Inc. (“Morningstar”) makes no subjective determinations related to index composition. To be eligible for inclusion in any of the Morningstar U.S. Style Indexes, a stock must be listed on the NYSE, the NYSE Amex Equities, or NASDAQ, domiciled in the U.S. or have its primary stock market activities carried out in the U.S., have sufficient historical fundamental data available so that Morningstar can classify investment style, and be in the top 75% of companies in the investable universe based on its liquidity score. A security’s liquidity score is based on its average monthly trading volume in U.S. dollars. ADRs, American Depositary Shares, fixed-dividend shares, convertible notes, warrants, rights, tracking stocks, limited partnerships and holding companies are not eligible for inclusion in the Morningstar U.S. Style Indexes.
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Morningstar uses a dynamic percentage-based approach to divide its U.S. Market Index into three cap categories. By defining each as a percentage of the market cap of the investable universe, the definitions remain stable regardless of overall large market movements. Large Cap stocks are defined as stocks that form the largest 70% of investable market cap. Mid Cap stocks are defined as the next 20% of investable market cap (70th to 90th percentile). Small Cap stocks are defined as the next 7% of investable market cap (90th to 97th percentile). The stocks in the Index are weighted according to the total number of shares that are publicly owned and available for trading.
Issue Changes. Securities are added or deleted from each index based on rules outlined for security selection, exclusion, rebalancing, and adjustments for corporate actions as set forth in the Morningstar Index Rulebook. Morningstar makes no subjective determinations related to index composition.
Index Maintenance. The Morningstar U.S. Style Indexes are reconstituted twice annually, on the Monday following the third Friday of June and the Monday following the third Friday of December. The Morningstar® Dividend Yield Focus IndexSM is reconstituted four times annually, on the Monday following the third Friday of March, June, September and December. If the Monday is a holiday, reconstitution occurs on the Tuesday immediately following. Reconstitution is carried out after the day’s closing index values have been determined.
Index Availability. Morningstar Indexes are calculated continuously and are available from major data vendors.
Morningstar® Dividend Yield Focus IndexSM
Number of Components: approximately 75
Index Description. The Morningstar® Dividend Yield Focus IndexSM offers exposure to high quality U.S.-domiciled companies that have had strong financial health and an ability to sustain above average dividend payouts. The Underlying Index is a subset of the Morningstar® US Market IndexSM (a diversified broad market index that represents approximately 97% of the market capitalization of publicly-traded U.S. stocks). Constituents are screened for qualified income dividends, superior company quality and financial health as determined by Morningstar’s proprietary index methodology. The Morningstar index methodology defines “company quality” in accordance with the Morningstar Economic Moat™ rating system, in which companies are expected to earn above-average profits and sustain their dividend. Stocks in the Underlying Index are designated as having a rating of either “narrow” or “wide” based on the strength of the company’s competitive advantage. Additionally, companies are screened for “financial health” grade using Morningstar’s Distance to Default measure, a quantitative option pricing approach that estimates a company’s probability of default.
Morningstar® Large Core IndexSM
Number of Components: approximately 84
Index Description. The Morningstar® Large Core IndexSM measures the performance of stocks issued by large-capitalization companies that have exhibited average “growth” and “value” characteristics as determined by Morningstar’s proprietary index methodology. The Morningstar index methodology defines “large-capitalization” stocks as those stocks that form the top 70% of the market capitalization of the stocks eligible to be included in the Morningstar US Market Index. All large capitalization stocks are then designated as “core,” “growth” or “value” based on their style orientations. Stocks of companies with, for example, relatively higher average historical and forecasted earnings, sales, equity and cash flow growth would be designated as “growth” securities. Stocks of companies with, for example, relatively low valuations based on price-to-book ratios, price-to-earnings ratios and other factors, are designated as “value” securities. Stocks that are not designated as “growth” or “value” securities are designated as “core” securities.
Morningstar® Large Growth IndexSM
Number of Components: approximately 93
Index Description. The Morningstar® Large Growth IndexSM measures the performance of stocks issued by large-capitalization companies that have exhibited above-average “growth” characteristics as determined by Morningstar’s proprietary index methodology. The Morningstar index methodology defines “large-capitalization” stocks as those stocks that form the top 70% of the market capitalization of the stocks eligible to be included in the Morningstar US Market Index. Stocks are then designated as “core,” “growth” or “value” based on their style orientations. The stocks included in the Index are designated as “growth” because they are issued by companies that typically have higher than average historical and forecasted earnings, sales, equity and cash flow growth.
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Morningstar® Large Value IndexSM
Number of Components: approximately 78
Index Description. The Morningstar® Large Value IndexSM measures the performance of stocks issued by large-capitalization companies that have exhibited above-average “value” characteristics as determined by Morningstar’s proprietary index methodology. The Morningstar index methodology defines “large-capitalization” stocks as those stocks that form the top 70% of the market capitalization of the stocks eligible to be included in the Morningstar US Market Index. Stocks are then designated as “core,” “growth” or “value” based on their style orientations. The stocks included in the Index are designated as “value” because they are issued by companies that typically have relatively low valuations based on price-to-earnings, price-to-book value, price-to-sales, price-to-cash flow and dividend yields.
Morningstar® Mid Core IndexSM
Number of Components: approximately 185
Index Description. The Morningstar® Mid Core IndexSM measures the performance of stocks issued by mid-capitalization companies that have exhibited average “growth” and “value” characteristics as determined by Morningstar’s proprietary index methodology. The Morningstar index methodology defines “mid-capitalization” stocks as those stocks that form the 20% of the market capitalization that falls between the 70th and 90th percentile of the market capitalization of the stocks eligible to be included in the Morningstar US Market Index. Stocks are then designated as “core,” “growth” or “value” based on their style orientations. Stocks of companies with, for example, relatively higher average historical and forecasted earnings, sales, equity and cash flow growth would be designated as “growth” securities. Stocks of companies with, for example, relatively low valuations based on price-to-book ratios, price-to-earnings ratios and other factors, are designated as “value” securities. Stocks that are not designated as “growth” or “value” securities are designated as “core” securities.
Morningstar® Mid Growth IndexSM
Number of Components: approximately 190
Index Description. The Morningstar® Mid Growth IndexSM measures the performance of stocks issued by mid-capitalization companies that have exhibited above-average “growth” characteristics as determined by Morningstar’s proprietary index methodology. The Morningstar index methodology defines “mid-capitalization” stocks as those stocks that form the 20% of the market capitalization that falls between the 70th and 90th percentile of the market capitalization of the stocks eligible to be included in the Morningstar US Market Index. Stocks are then designated as “core,” “growth” or “value” based on their style orientations. The stocks included in the Index are designated as “growth” because they are issued by companies that typically have higher than average historical and forecasted earnings, sales, equity and cash flow growth.
Morningstar® Mid Value IndexSM
Number of Components: approximately 198
Index Description. The Morningstar® Mid Value IndexSM measures the performance of stocks issued by mid-capitalization companies that have exhibited “value” characteristics as determined by Morningstar’s proprietary index methodology. The Morningstar index methodology defines “mid-capitalization” stocks as those stocks that form the 20% of the market capitalization that falls between the 70th and 90th percentile of the market capitalization of the stocks eligible to be included in the Morningstar US Market Index. Stocks are then designated as “core,” “growth” or “value” based on their style orientations. The stocks included in the Index are designated as “value” because they are issued by companies that typically have relatively low valuations based on price-to-earnings, price-to-book value, price-to-sales, price-to-cash flow and dividend yields.
Morningstar® Small Core IndexSM
Number of Components: approximately 260
Index Description. The Morningstar® Small Core IndexSM measures the performance of stocks issued by small-capitalization companies that have exhibited average “growth” and “value” characteristics as determined by Morningstar’s proprietary index methodology. The Morningstar index methodology defines “small-capitalization” stocks as those stocks that form the lowest 7% of the market capitalization that falls between the 90th and 97th percentile of the market capitalization of the stocks eligible to be included in the Morningstar US Market Index. Stocks are then designated as “core,” “growth” or “value” based on their style orientations. Stocks of companies with, for example, relatively higher average historical and forecasted earnings, sales, equity and cash flow growth would be designated as “growth” securities. Stocks of companies with, for
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example, relatively low valuations based on price-to-book ratios, price-to-earnings ratios and other factors, are designated as “value” securities. Stocks that are not designated as “growth” or “value” securities are designated as “core” securities.
Morningstar® Small Growth IndexSM
Number of Components: approximately 237
Index Description. The Morningstar® Small Growth IndexSM measures the performance of stocks issued by small-capitalization companies that have exhibited above-average “growth” characteristics as determined by Morningstar’s proprietary index methodology. The Morningstar index methodology defines “small-capitalization” stocks as those stocks that form the lowest 7% of the market capitalization that falls between the 90th and 97th percentile of the market capitalization of the stocks eligible to be included in the Morningstar US Market Index. Stocks are then designated as “core,” “growth” or “value” based on their style orientations. The stocks included in the Index are designated as “growth” because they are issued by companies that typically have higher than average historical and forecasted earnings, sales, equity and cash flow growth.
Morningstar® Small Value IndexSM
Number of Components: approximately 235
Index Description. The Morningstar® Small Value IndexSM measures the performance of stocks issued by small-capitalization companies that have exhibited “value” characteristics as determined by Morningstar’s proprietary index methodology. The Morningstar index methodology defines “small capitalization” stocks as those stocks that form the lowest 7% of the market capitalization that falls between the 90th and 97th percentile of the market capitalization of the stocks eligible to be included in the Morningstar US Market Index. Stocks are then designated as “core,” “growth” or “value” based on their style orientations. The stocks included in the Index are designated as “value” because they are issued by companies that typically have relatively low valuations based on price-to-earnings, price-to-book value, price-to-sales, price-to-cash flow and dividend yields.
The MSCI Indexes
The MSCI indexes were founded in 1969 by Capital International S.A. as the first international performance benchmarks constructed to facilitate accurate comparison of world markets. The MSCI single country standard equity indexes have covered the world's developed markets since 1969 and in 1987 MSCI commenced coverage of emerging markets.
Local stock exchanges traditionally calculated their own indexes which were generally not comparable with one another due to differences in the representation of the local market, mathematical formulas, base dates and methods of adjusting for capital changes. MSCI, however, applies the same calculation methodology to all markets for all single country standard equity indexes, both developed and emerging.
MSCI KLD 400 Social Index
Number of Components: 400
Component Selection Criteria and Index Description. The MSCI KLD 400 Social Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted index designed to provide exposure to U.S. companies that have positive environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) characteristics. As of March 31, 2013, the Underlying Index consisted of 400 companies identified by MSCI from the universe of companies included in the MSCI USA Investable Market Indices (“MSCI USA IMI Index”), which consists of the largest NYSE and NASDAQ listed U.S. equities ranked by investable market capitalization (after the application of any investability weightings). MSCI analyzes each eligible company’s ESG performance using proprietary ratings covering environmental, social, and governance criteria. MSCI seeks to include in the Underlying Index companies with high ESG ratings relative to their sector peers and in relation to the broader market.
When selecting companies for the Underlying Index, MSCI also considers market capitalization and liquidity. Companies that MSCI determines have significant involvement in businesses such as the following are not eligible for the Underlying Index: alcohol, tobacco, gambling, civilian firearms, nuclear power, military weapons, adult entertainment and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
Index Maintenance. The composition of the Underlying Index is reviewed on a quarterly basis. Companies can be added to the Underlying Index only at regular index reviews. Current index constituents are reviewed to determine if any of them
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should be removed due to ESG performance. In addition, if a constituent is removed from the MSCI USA IMI Index as a result of the index review, it will be simultaneously removed from the Underlying Index. The deleted companies are replaced with eligible companies taking into account size-segment and sector representation. The Underlying Index will be restored to 400 companies at each index review.
Maintaining the Underlying Index includes monitoring and completing the adjustments for company additions and removals, stock splits, stock dividends, float changes and stock price adjustments due to restructurings, spin-offs and other corporate actions. New additions to the MSCI USA IMI Index due to corporate events will not be added simultaneously to the Underlying Index, but will be considered for inclusion at the following index review. However, companies deleted from the MSCI USA IMI Index between index reviews are also deleted at the same time from the Underlying Index.
When the number of securities in the Underlying Index falls below 400 due to corporate events, no additions will be made to restore the number of constituents to 400 until the next quarterly index review.
Index Availability. The Underlying Index is calculated continuously and is available from major data vendors.
MSCI USA ESG Select Index
Number of Components: approximately 132
Component Selection Criteria and Index Description. The Underlying Index is an optimized index designed to measure the equity performance of U.S. companies that have positive environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) characteristics, while exhibiting risk and return characteristics similar to the MSCI USA Index. As of March 31, 2013, the Underlying Index consisted of 132 companies included in the MSCI USA Index.
MSCI evaluates each eligible company’s ESG performance using standardized criteria and assigns an “overall rating” to each company. ESG scores are normalized and factored into the optimization process. Optimization is a quantitative process that considers the market capitalization weights from the MSCI USA Index, ESG scores, and additional optimization constraints to select and weigh the constituents in the Underlying Index. Normalization of the ESG scores allows the optimization to assess each score in the context of the overall distribution of the ESG scores.
The selection process is designed so that companies with relatively high overall ratings have a higher representation in the Underlying Index than in the MSCI USA Index. Companies with relatively low overall ratings have a lower representation in the Underlying Index than in the MSCI USA Index. Exceptions may result from the Underlying Index’s objective of having risk and return characteristics similar to those of the MSCI USA Index. Companies that MSCI determines are involved in the tobacco industry are excluded from the Underlying Index.
The MSCI USA Index is composed of large-capitalization and mid-capitalization companies in the U.S. equity market.
Index Maintenance. The composition of the Underlying Index is reviewed on a quarterly basis. Companies can only be added to the Underlying Index at regular index reviews. Current index constituents are reviewed to determine if any of them should be removed using the optimization described above.
Maintaining the Underlying Index includes monitoring and completing the adjustments for company additions and removals, stock splits, stock dividends, float changes and stock price adjustments due to restructurings, spin-offs and other corporate actions. New additions to the MSCI USA Index due to corporate events are not added simultaneously to the Underlying Index, but are considered for inclusion at the following index review. Companies deleted from the MSCI USA Index between quarterly index reviews due to corporate events maintenance are simultaneously deleted from the Underlying Index.
Index Availability. The MSCI USA ESG Select Index is calculated continuously and is available from major data vendors.
Additional Information. “MSCI,” MSCI KLD 400 Social Index and MSCI USA ESG Select Index are servicemarks of MSCI Inc. and have been licensed for use by BFA or its affiliates. The Funds are neither sponsored, endorsed, sold nor promoted by MSCI Inc., and MSCI Inc. makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any of the Funds.
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Investment Limitations
Each Fund has adopted its investment objective as a non-fundamental investment policy. Therefore, each Fund may change its investment objective and its Underlying Index without shareholder approval. The Board has adopted as fundamental policies the following numbered investment restrictions, which cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities. A vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a fund meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy and (b) more than 50% of outstanding voting securities of the fund.
Each Fund (other than the iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF, iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF, iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF, iShares Core High Dividend ETF, iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF, iShares International Select Dividend ETF, iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF, iShares North America Real Estate ETF, iShares Select Dividend ETF, iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF, iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF, iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF, iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF, iShares U.S. Insurance ETF, iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF, iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF, iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF, iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF and iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF) will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries), except that each Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
Each of the iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF and iShares Select Dividend ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no
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  more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue “senior securities” as defined in the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and orders thereunder, except as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and orders thereunder.
4. Make loans. This restriction does not apply to: (i) the purchase of debt obligations in which each Fund may invest consistent with its investment objectives and policies; (ii) repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements; and (iii) loans of its portfolio securities, to the fullest extent permitted under the 1940 Act.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act in disposing of portfolio securities.
Each of the iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF, iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF, iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF, iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF, iShares U.S. Insurance ETF, iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF, iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF, iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF, iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF and iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act in disposing of portfolio securities.
Each of the iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF, iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF, iShares Core High Dividend ETF, iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF, iShares International Select Dividend ETF, iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF and the iShares North America Real Estate ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities; and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase
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  agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from investing in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or securities or other instruments backed by real estate or mortgages), or commodities or commodity contracts (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies set forth above, each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental policy not to invest in the securities of a company for the purpose of exercising management or control, or purchase or otherwise acquire any illiquid security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, which currently permits up to 15% of each Fund’s net assets to be invested in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment).
BFA monitors the liquidity of restricted securities in each Fund’s portfolio. In reaching liquidity decisions, BFA considers the following factors:
The frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
The number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers;
Dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
The nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace in which it trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer).
If any percentage restriction described above is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in values of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction, except that certain percentage limitations will be observed continuously in accordance with applicable law.
Each Fund (other than the iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF, iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF, iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF, iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF, iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF, iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF, iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF, iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF, iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF (the “iShares Morningstar ETFs”)) has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy in accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of the Underlying Index or in Depositary Receipts representing securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund also has adopted a policy to provide its shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior written notice of any change in such policy. If, subsequent to an investment, the 80% requirement is no longer met, a Fund’s future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Fund into compliance with this policy.
Each of the iShares Morningstar ETFs has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy in accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities in the Fund’s Underlying Index. Each iShares Morningstar ETF also has adopted a policy to provide its shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior written notice of any change in such policy. If, subsequent to an investment, the 80% requirement is no longer met, an iShares Morningstar ETF’s future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Fund into compliance with this policy.
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental limitation such that, under normal market conditions, any borrowings by the Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund's net assets.
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Each Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. As a matter of policy, however, a Fund will not purchase shares of any registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust, in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) (the “fund of funds” provisions) of the Investment Company Act, at any time the Fund has knowledge that its shares are purchased by another investment company investor in reliance on the provisions of subparagraph (G) of Section 12(d)(1).
Continuous Offering
The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Funds on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares and sells such shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act must take into account all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.
Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to shares of the Funds are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the 1933 Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the 1933 Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Listing Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Listing Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is available only with respect to transactions on an exchange.
Management
Trustees and Officers.  The Board has responsibility for the overall management and operations of the Funds, including general supervision of the duties performed by BFA and other service providers. Each Trustee serves until he or she resigns, is removed, dies, retires or becomes incapacitated. The President, Chief Compliance Officer, Treasurer and Secretary shall each hold office until their successors are chosen and qualify, and all other officers shall hold office until he or she resigns or is removed. Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust are referred to as independent trustees (“Independent Trustees”).
The registered investment companies advised by BFA or its affiliates are organized into one complex of closed-end funds, two complexes of open-end funds and one complex of exchange-traded funds (“Exchange-Traded Fund Complex”) (each, a “BlackRock Fund Complex”). Each Fund is included in the BlackRock Fund Complex referred to as the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. Each Trustee also serves as a Director of iShares, Inc., a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and, as a result, oversees a total of 299 funds within the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. With the exception of Robert S. Kapito, the address of each Trustee and officer is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. The address of Mr. Kapito is c/o BlackRock, Inc., Park Avenue Plaza, 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055. The Board has designated Robert H. Silver as its Independent Chairman. Additional information about the Funds' Trustees and officers may be found in this SAI, which is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737).
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Interested Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert S. Kapito1
(56)
  Trustee
(since 2009).
  President and Director, BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006); Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc. and Head of BlackRock’s Portfolio Management Group (since its formation in 1998) and BlackRock’s predecessor entities (since 1988); Trustee, University of Pennsylvania (since 2009); President of Board of Directors, Hope & Heroes Children’s Cancer Fund (since 2002); President of the Board of Directors, Periwinkle Theatre for Youth (since 1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2009); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of BlackRock, Inc. (since 2007).
Michael Latham2
(47)
  Trustee
(since 2010);
President
(since 2007).
  Chairman of iShares, BlackRock (since 2011); Global Chief Executive Officer of iShares, BlackRock (2010-2011); Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Americas iShares, Barclays Global Investors (“BGI”) (2007-2009); Director and Chief Financial Officer of Barclays Global Investors International, Inc. (2005-2009); Chief Operating Officer of the Intermediary Investor and Exchange-Traded Products Business of BGI (2003-2007).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2010); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).

1 Robert S. Kapito is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc.
2 Michael Latham is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates.
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Independent Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert H. Silver
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2007); Independent Chairman
(since 2012).
  President and Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group, Inc. (since 2006); Director and Vice Chairman of the YMCA of Greater NYC (2001-2011); Broadway Producer (2006-2011); Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. (since 2008); Director and Member of the Audit and Compensation Committee of EPAM Systems, Inc. (2006-2009); President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.) (2003-2005) and various executive positions with UBS and its affiliates (1988-2005); CPA and Audit Manager of KPMG, LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) (1977-1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2007); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Independent Chairman of iShares, Inc., iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2012).
George G.C. Parker
(74)
  Trustee
(since 2000).
  Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (Professor since 1973; Emeritus since 2006).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2002); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Tejon Ranch Company (since 1999); Director of Threshold Pharmaceuticals (since 2004); Director of Colony Financial, Inc. (since 2009); Director of First Republic Bank (since 2010).
John E. Martinez
(52)
  Trustee
(since 2003);
Securities Lending Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.) (since 2005).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2003); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Cecilia H. Herbert
(64)
  Trustee
(since 2005); Nominating and Governance Committee Chair and Equity Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director (since 1998) and President (2007-2011) of the Board of Directors, Catholic Charities CYO; Trustee (2002-2011) and Chair of the Finance and Investment Committee (2006-2010) the Thacher School; Member (since 1994) and Chair (1994-2005) of the Investment Committee, Archdiocese of San Francisco; Trustee and Member of the Investment Committee, WNET, the New York public broadcasting company (since 2011).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Forward Funds (34 portfolios) (since 2009).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Charles A. Hurty
(69)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Audit Committee Chair
(since 2006).
  Retired; Partner, KPMG LLP (1968-2001).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund (1 portfolio) (since 2002); Director of SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (2 portfolios) (since 2002).
John E. Kerrigan
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Fixed Income Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University (since 2002).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Madhav V. Rajan
(49)
  Trustee
(since 2011);
15(c) Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting and Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Head of MBA Program, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (since 2001); Professor of Law (by courtesy), Stanford Law School (since 2005); Visiting Professor, University of Chicago (2007-2008).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2011);
Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2011); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Officers
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Jack Gee
(53)
  Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(since 2008).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Senior Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2009); Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2004-2009).
Eilleen M. Clavere
(61)
  Secretary
(since 2007).
  Director of Global Fund Administration, BlackRock (since 2009); Director of Legal Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2006-2009); Legal Counsel and Vice President of Atlas Funds, Atlas Advisers, Inc. and Atlas Securities, Inc. (2005-2006); Counsel of Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP (2001-2005).
Edward B. Baer
(44)
  Vice President and Chief Legal Officer
(since 2012).
  Managing Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (since 2006); Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (2004-2006).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Scott Radell
(44)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2012).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BGI (2007-2009); Credit Portfolio Manager, BGI (2005-2007); Credit Research Analyst, BGI (2003-2005).
Amy Schioldager
(50)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2007).
  Senior Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Global Head of Index Equity, BGI (2008-2009); Global Head of U.S. Indexing, BGI (2006-2008); Head of Domestic Equity Portfolio Management, BGI (2001-2006).
Ira P. Shapiro
(50)
  Vice President
(since 2007).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Strategic Product Initiatives for iShares (since 2012); Chief Legal Officer, Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (2007-2012); Associate General Counsel, BGI (2004-2009).
The Board has concluded that, based on each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, each Trustee should serve as a Trustee of the Board. Among the attributes common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Funds' investment adviser, other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. A Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively may have been attained through the Trustee’s educational background or professional training; business, consulting, public service or academic positions; experience from service as a Board member of the Funds and the other funds in the Trust (and any predecessor funds), other investment funds, public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. Also, set forth below is a brief discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Trustee that led the Board to conclude that he or she should serve as a Trustee.
Robert Kapito has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2009. Mr. Kapito has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2009, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and a Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2007. In addition, he has over 20 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Mr. Kapito serves as President and Director of BlackRock, Inc., and is the Chairman of the Operating Committee, a member of the Office of the Chairman, the Leadership Committee and the Corporate Council. He is responsible for day-to-day oversight of BlackRock's key operating units, including the Account Management and Portfolio Management Groups, Real Estate Group and BlackRock Solutions®. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in 2007, Mr. Kapito served as Head of BlackRock's Portfolio Management Group. In that role, he was responsible for overseeing all portfolio management within BlackRock, including the Fixed Income, Equity, Liquidity, and Alternative Investment Groups. Mr. Kapito serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. He has also been President of the Board of Directors for the Hope & Heroes Children's Cancer Fund since 2002 and President of the Board of Directors for Periwinkle Theatre for Youth, a national non-profit arts-in-education organization, since 1983. Mr. Kapito earned a BS degree in economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979, and an MBA degree from Harvard Business School in 1983.
Michael Latham has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2010 and President of the Trust since 2007. Mr. Latham served as Principal Financial Officer of the Trust from 2002 until 2007. Mr. Latham has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2010, President of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Principal Financial Officer of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2007, a Director and President of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, and a Trustee and President of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. Mr.
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Latham is the Chairman of BlackRock’s iShares exchange-traded fund business. In addition, he has over 15 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in September 2011, he was the global head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business. Prior to April 2009, he was head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business for the United States and Canada, and Chief Operating Officer for the U.S. iShares business. He previously held a variety of operating positions within the firm. Mr. Latham earned a BS degree in business administration from California State University at San Francisco in 1988.
Robert H. Silver has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2007 and Chairman of the Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Chairman of iShares, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chairman of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chairman of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver is President and a Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group Inc., a firm dedicated to advising and investing in emerging business enterprises and to supporting philanthropic activities that benefit under-served urban youth. Previously, Mr. Silver served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.), the registered broker dealer comprising the Wealth Management USA business unit of UBS AG, including the following responsibilities: President of Paine Webber Services, Director of Retail Products and Marketing, Director of Private Client Group Branch Offices, Director of Finance and Controls for Paine Webber, Inc. and Chief Administrative Officer for Paine Webber Private Client Group. Mr. Silver also served on the Board of Directors of EPAM Systems, Inc., a provider of software engineering outsourcing services in Central and Eastern Europe, served on the Board and Executive Committee of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), chaired the National Securities Clearing Corporations’ Membership and Risk Committee and served as Governor of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. In addition, Mr. Silver was a Vice Chairman and a Member of the Board of Directors for the YMCA of Greater New York and chaired its Fund Development Committee from 2001 until 2011 and Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. since 2008. Mr. Silver began his career as a CPA and Audit Manager at KPMG LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) from 1977 until 1983. Mr. Silver has a BS degree in business administration from the University of North Carolina.
George G.C. Parker has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2000. Mr. Parker served as Chair of the Trust's Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Trustee of the Trust from 2006 until 2010 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2002 until 2010. Mr. Parker has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2002, Chair of iShares, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Director of iShares, Inc. from 2006 until 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2010, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Parker also serves as Director on four other boards. Mr. Parker is the Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He teaches courses in Corporate Finance in the MBA Program, Stanford Sloan Program for Executives, and in various other Executive Education Programs at Stanford University. Mr. Parker's teaching and research interests are primarily in the field of corporate finance, management of financial institutions, and corporate governance, and he has written numerous case studies related to these subjects. He has also authored several articles on capital structure, risk management, and corporate valuation. Mr. Parker previously served as a Director of Continental Airlines and a Director of NETGEAR, Inc. Mr. Parker holds MBA and Ph.D. degrees from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.
John E. Martinez has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2003 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2003, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez is a Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.), providing governance oversight and consulting services to this privately held firm that develops products and strategies for homeowners in managing the equity in their homes. Mr. Martinez previously served as Director of Barclays Global Investors (BGI) UK Holdings, where he provided governance oversight representing BGI’s shareholders (Barclays PLC, BGI management shareholders) through oversight of BGI’s worldwide activities. Mr. Martinez also previously served as Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Global Index and Markets Group of BGI, Chairman of Barclays Global Investor Services and Chief Executive Officer of the Capital Markets Group of BGI. Since 2003, he is a Director and Executive Committee Member for Larkin Street Youth Services, providing governance oversight and strategy development to an agency that provides emergency and transitional housing, healthcare, education, job and life skills training to homeless youth. Mr. Martinez has an AB degree in economics from The University of California, Berkeley and holds an MBA degree in finance and statistics from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
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Cecilia H. Herbert has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Ms. Herbert has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. She is Director of the Board of the Catholic Charities CYO, one of the Bay Area’s largest private social services organizations serving the homeless, poor, aged, families, children and AIDS/HIV victims, on which she has served since 1998. Ms. Herbert is a member of the Investment Committee of the Archdiocese of San Francisco since 1992, which she chaired from 1994 to 2005. She has served on numerous non-profit boards. Ms. Herbert is also a Director and Advisory Board Member since 2009 of the Forward Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as a Trustee for the Pacific Select Funds and The Montgomery Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as Managing Director of J.P. Morgan/Morgan Guaranty Trust Company responsible for product development, marketing and credit for U.S. multinational corporations and as head of its San Francisco office and as Assistant Vice President, Signet Banking Corporation. Ms. Herbert has a BA degree in economics and communications from Stanford University and an MBA degree in finance from Harvard Business School.
Charles A. Hurty has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Trust since 2006. Mr. Hurty has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2006, a Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010 and a Trustee and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. In addition, Mr. Hurty serves as Director of the GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund since 2002, Director of the SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (formerly, Citigroup Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC) since 2002 and was a Director of the CSFB Alternative Investment Funds from 2005 to December 2009, when the funds were liquidated. Mr. Hurty was formerly a Partner at KPMG, LLP from 1968 to 2001. Mr. Hurty has a BS degree in accounting from the University of Kansas.
John E. Kerrigan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Kerrigan served as Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2010 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan serves as Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University since 2002. Mr. Kerrigan was formerly a Managing Director at Merrill Lynch & Co., including the following responsibilities: Global Manager of Institutional Client Division eCommerce, Global Manager of Technology Specialists Sales and Chair, Performance Measurement, Evaluation & Compensation Task Force. Mr. Kerrigan is a Trustee, since 2008, of Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton, CA, and Director, since 1999, of The BASIC Fund (Bay Area Scholarships for Inner City Children). Mr. Kerrigan has a BA degree from Boston College and is a Chartered Financial Analyst.
Madhav V. Rajan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan is the Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He has taught accounting for over 20 years to undergraduate, MBA and law students, as well as to senior executives. Mr. Rajan serves as the Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and head of the MBA Program at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Rajan served as editor of “The Accounting Review” from 2002 to 2008 and is co-author of “Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis,” a leading cost accounting textbook. Mr. Rajan holds MS, MBA and Ph.D. degrees in accounting from Carnegie Mellon University.
Board – Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities
Overall responsibility for oversight of the Funds rests with the Board. The Board has engaged BFA to manage the Funds on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing BFA and other service providers in the operations of the Funds in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The Board is currently composed of nine members, seven of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board currently conducts
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regular meetings four times a year. In addition, the Board frequently holds special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees meet regularly outside the presence of management, in executive session or with other service providers to the Trust.
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board has established six standing Committees: a Nominating and Governance Committee, an Audit Committee, a 15(c) Committee, a Securities Lending Committee, an Equity Plus Committee and a Fixed Income Plus Committee to assist the Board in the oversight and direction of the business and affairs of the Funds, and from time to time may establish ad-hoc committees or informal working groups to review and address the policies and practices of the Funds with respect to certain specified matters. The Chair of each standing Committee is an Independent Trustee. The role of the Chair of each Committee is to preside at all meetings of the Committee and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys and other Trustees between meetings. Each Committee meets regularly to conduct the oversight functions delegated to the Committee by the Board and reports its finding to the Board. The Board and each standing Committee conduct annual assessments of their oversight function and structure. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise independent judgment over management and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees of Independent Trustees and the full Board to enhance effective oversight.
Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Funds is the responsibility of BFA or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to the supervision of BFA. Each Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational and valuation risks, among others. While there are a number of risk management functions performed by BFA and other service providers, as applicable, it is not possible to eliminate all of the risks applicable to the Fund. The Trustees have an oversight role in this area, satisfying themselves that risk management processes are in place and operating effectively. Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of each Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. The Board, directly or through a committee, also reviews reports from, among others, management and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by each Fund and management’s risk functions. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Trust's compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Trust and its principal service providers. In testing and maintaining the compliance program, the Chief Compliance Officer assesses key compliance risks affecting each Fund, and addresses them in reports to the Board. The Independent Trustees have engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.
Committees of the Board of Trustees. Each Independent Trustee serves on the Audit Committee. The Chair of the Audit Committee is Charles A. Hurty. The purposes of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board (i) in its oversight of the Trust's accounting and financial reporting principles and policies and related controls and procedures maintained by or on behalf of the Trust; (ii) in its oversight of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (iii) in selecting, evaluating and, where deemed appropriate, replacing the independent accountants (or nominating the independent accountants to be proposed for shareholder approval in any proxy statement); (iv) in evaluating the independence of the independent accountants; (v) in complying with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust's accounting and financial reporting, internal controls and independent audits; and (vi) to assume such other responsibilities as may be delegated by the Board. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013.
The members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), Charles A. Hurty, Madhav V. Rajan and John E. Kerrigan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The Nominating and Governance Committee nominates individuals for Independent Trustee membership on the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee functions include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) reviewing the qualifications of any person properly identified or nominated to serve as an Independent Trustee; (ii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the nominee(s) for appointment as an Independent Trustee by the Board and current Independent Trustees and/or for election as Independent Trustees by shareholders to fill any vacancy for a position of Independent Trustee(s) on the Board; (iii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the size and composition of the Board and Board committees and whether they comply with applicable laws and regulations; (iv) recommending a current Independent Trustee to the Board and current Independent Trustees to serve as Lead Independent Trustee; (v) periodic review of the Board's retirement policy; and (vi) recommending an appropriate level of compensation for the Independent Trustees for their services as Trustees, members or chairpersons of committees of the Board, Lead Independent Trustee, Chairperson of the Board and any other positions as the
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Nominating and Governance Committee considers appropriate. The Nominating and Governance Committee does not consider Board nominations recommended by shareholders (acting solely in their capacity as a shareholder and not in any other capacity). The Nominating and Governance Committee met two times during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013.
The members of the 15(c) Committee are Madhav V. Rajan (Chair), Cecilia H. Herbert, Charles A. Hurty and John E. Martinez, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the 15(c) Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for the annual review and renewal of the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements. These responsibilities include: (i) meeting with BlackRock, Inc. in advance of the Board meeting at which the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements are to be considered to discuss generally the process for providing requested information to the Board and the format in which information will be provided; and (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to evaluate the investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements of the Trust. The 15(c) Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013.
The members of the Securities Lending Committee are John E. Martinez (Chair), John E. Kerrigan and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Securities Lending Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of the Trust's securities lending activities. These responsibilities include: (i) requesting that certain information be provided to the Committee for its review and consideration prior to such information being provided to the Board; (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to oversee the Trust's securities lending activities and make required findings and approvals; and (iii) providing a recommendation to the Board regarding the annual approval of the Trust's Securities Lending Guidelines and the required findings with respect to, and annual approval of, the Trust's agreement with the lending agent. The Securities Lending Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013.
The members of the Equity Plus Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), John E. Martinez and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Equity Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for equity funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Equity Plus Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013.
The members of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are John E. Kerrigan (Chair), Charles A. Hurty and Madhav V. Rajan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for fixed income or multi-asset funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Fixed Income Plus Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013.
As the Chairman of the Board, Robert H. Silver may participate in each Committee's meetings.
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2012, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Funds and in other registered investment companies overseen by the Trustee within the same family of investment companies as the Trust. If a fund is not listed below, the Trustee did not own any securities in that fund as of the date indicated above:
Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Robert S. Kapito   None   None   None
             
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Michael Latham   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Micro-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core U.S. Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Robert H. Silver   iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core High Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI BRIC ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   $1-$10,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
             
George G.C. Parker   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares S&P 100 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
             
John E. Martinez   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares TIPS Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Cecilia H. Herbert   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares International Select Dividend ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
             
Charles A. Hurty   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Tech ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core High Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Financials ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Technology ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
             
John E. Kerrigan   iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   $10,001-$50,000
  $50,001-$100,000
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000
   
             
Madhav V. Rajan   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Core High Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
As of December 31, 2012, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of BFA (the Funds' investment adviser), the Distributor or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with BFA or the Distributor.
Remuneration of Trustees.  Each current Independent Trustee is paid an annual retainer of $275,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board's policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the period from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2012, each current Independent Trustee was paid an annual retainer of $250,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board’s policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. The Independent Chairman of the Boards is paid an additional annual retainer of $50,000. The Chair of the Audit Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $40,000. The Chair of each of the Nominating and Governance Committees, Equity Plus Committees, Fixed Income Plus Committees, Securities Lending Committees and 15(c) Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $15,000. Each Independent Trustee that serves as a director of subsidiaries of the Exchange-Traded Complex is paid an additional annual retainer of $10,000 (plus an additional $1,765 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius). Additionally, any Independent Trustee who travels to the Republic of Mauritius to attend board meetings is paid an additional $12,000 (plus an additional $2,117 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius).
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The table below sets forth the compensation earned by each Independent Trustee and Interested Trustee from each Fund for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013 and the aggregate compensation paid to them by the Exchange-Traded Complex for the calendar year ended December 31, 2012.
Name of Trustee   iShares Asia
Developed Real
Estate ETF
  iShares Cohen
& Steers
REIT ETF
  iShares Dow
Jones U.S. ETF
  iShares Europe
Developed Real
Estate ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $23   $ 1,572   $ 351   $8
George G.C. Parker   20   1,411   315   7
John E. Kerrigan   20   1,376   308   7
Charles A. Hurty   23   1,573   352   8
Cecilia H. Herbert   20   1,417   317   7
John E. Martinez   20   1,356   303   7
Madhav V. Rajan   20   1,356   303   7
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares Core High
Dividend ETF
  iShares
Industrial/Office
Real Estate
Capped ETF
  iShares International
Developed Real
Estate ETF
  iShares
International Select
Dividend ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 1,726   $7   $ 974   $ 1,016
George G.C. Parker   1,549   6   874   912
John E. Kerrigan   1,511   6   853   889
Charles A. Hurty   1,727   7   975   1,016
Cecilia H. Herbert   1,556   6   878   915
John E. Martinez   1,489   6   840   876
Madhav V. Rajan   1,489   6   840   876
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares Morningstar
Large-Cap ETF
  iShares Morningstar
Large-Cap
Growth ETF
  iShares Morningstar
Large-Cap
Value ETF
  iShares Morningstar
Mid-Cap ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 166   $ 221   $ 128   $96
George G.C. Parker   149   199   115   87
John E. Kerrigan   145   194   112   84
Charles A. Hurty   166   222   128   97
Cecilia H. Herbert   150   200   116   87
John E. Martinez   143   191   111   83
Madhav V. Rajan   143   191   111   83
                 
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Name of Trustee   iShares Morningstar
Large-Cap ETF
  iShares Morningstar
Large-Cap
Growth ETF
  iShares Morningstar
Large-Cap
Value ETF
  iShares Morningstar
Mid-Cap ETF
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $0   $0   $0   $0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares Morningstar
Mid-Cap Growth ETF
  iShares Morningstar
Mid-Cap Value ETF
  iShares Morningstar
Small-Cap ETF
  iShares Morningstar
Small-Cap Growth ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $83   $59   $ 80   $46
George G.C. Parker   74   53   72   41
John E. Kerrigan   72   52   70   40
Charles A. Hurty   83   59   80   46
Cecilia H. Herbert   74   53   72   41
John E. Martinez   71   51   69   40
Madhav V. Rajan   71   51   69   40
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares Morningstar
Small-Cap Value ETF
  iShares Mortgage
Real Estate
Capped ETF
  iShares MSCI KLD
400 Social ETF
  iShares MSCI USA
ESG Select ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 137   $ 614   $ 104   $ 103
George G.C. Parker   123   551   93   92
John E. Kerrigan   120   538   91   90
Charles A. Hurty   137   615   104   103
Cecilia H. Herbert   124   554   94   93
John E. Martinez   119   530   90   89
Madhav V. Rajan   119   530   90   89
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares North
America Real
Estate ETF
  iShares Real
Estate 50 ETF
  iShares Residential
Real Estate
Capped ETF
  iShares Retail
Real Estate
Capped ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 12   $ 51   $ 173   $ 10
George G.C. Parker   11   46   155   9
John E. Kerrigan   11   45   151   9
Charles A. Hurty   12   51   173   10
Cecilia H. Herbert   11   46   156   9
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Name of Trustee   iShares North
America Real
Estate ETF
  iShares Real
Estate 50 ETF
  iShares Residential
Real Estate
Capped ETF
  iShares Retail
Real Estate
Capped ETF
John E. Martinez   10   44   149   9
Madhav V. Rajan   10   44   149   9
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares Select
Dividend ETF
  iShares
Transportation
Average ETF
  iShares U.S.
Aerospace &
Defense ETF
  iShares U.S.
Basic
Materials ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 6,121   $280   $ 41   $250
George G.C. Parker   5,495   251   37   224
John E. Kerrigan   5,359   245   36   219
Charles A. Hurty   6,125   280   41   250
Cecilia H. Herbert   5,517   252   37   225
John E. Martinez   5,280   241   35   216
Madhav V. Rajan   5,280   241   35   216
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares U.S.
Broker-Dealers ETF
  iShares U.S.
Consumer
Goods ETF
  iShares U.S.
Consumer
Services ETF
  iShares U.S.
Energy ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $46   $ 237   $ 187   $ 597
George G.C. Parker   41   213   168   536
John E. Kerrigan   40   208   164   523
Charles A. Hurty   46   238   187   598
Cecilia H. Herbert   41   214   169   538
John E. Martinez   39   205   162   515
Madhav V. Rajan   39   205   162   515
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares U.S.
Financial Services ETF
  iShares U.S.
Financials ETF
  iShares U.S.
Healthcare ETF
  iShares U.S.
Healthcare
Providers ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 211   $ 434   $486   $ 136
George G.C. Parker   190   389   437   122
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Name of Trustee   iShares U.S.
Financial Services ETF
  iShares U.S.
Financials ETF
  iShares U.S.
Healthcare ETF
  iShares U.S.
Healthcare
Providers ETF
John E. Kerrigan   185   380   426   119
Charles A. Hurty   212   434   487   136
Cecilia H. Herbert   191   391   438   122
John E. Martinez   182   374   419   117
Madhav V. Rajan   182   374   419   117
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares U.S. Home
Construction ETF
  iShares U.S.
Industrials ETF
  iShares U.S.
Insurance ETF
  iShares U.S.
Medical
Devices ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 1,139   $456   $54   $ 168
George G.C. Parker   1,022   410   48   151
John E. Kerrigan   997   399   47   147
Charles A. Hurty   1,139   456   54   168
Cecilia H. Herbert   1,026   411   49   151
John E. Martinez   982   394   46   145
Madhav V. Rajan   982   394   46   145
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares U.S.
Oil & Gas Exploration
& Production ETF
  iShares U.S.
Oil Equipment
& Services ETF
  iShares U.S.
Pharmaceuticals ETF
  iShares U.S.
Real Estate ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 157   $ 181   $ 227   $2,840
George G.C. Parker   141   163   204   2,550
John E. Kerrigan   138   159   199   2,487
Charles A. Hurty   157   181   227   2,842
Cecilia H. Herbert   142   163   205   2,560
John E. Martinez   136   156   196   2,450
Madhav V. Rajan   136   156   196   2,450
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares U.S.
Regional Banks ETF
  iShares U.S.
Technology ETF
  iShares U.S.
Telecommunications ETF
  iShares U.S.
Utilities ETF
Independent Trustees:                
62


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Name of Trustee   iShares U.S.
Regional Banks ETF
  iShares U.S.
Technology ETF
  iShares U.S.
Telecommunications ETF
  iShares U.S.
Utilities ETF
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 173   $ 917   $ 263   $ 551
George G.C. Parker   155   823   236   495
John E. Kerrigan   151   803   231   482
Charles A. Hurty   173   917   264   551
Cecilia H. Herbert   156   826   237   497
John E. Martinez   149   791   227   475
Madhav V. Rajan   149   791   227   475
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Accrued As
Part of Trust
Expenses1
  Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement1
  Total
Compensation
From the Funds
and Fund Complex2
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 289,835
George G.C. Parker   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   260,165
John E. Kerrigan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   265,510
Charles A. Hurty   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   290,000
Cecilia H. Herbert   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   273,010
John E. Martinez   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   261,760
Madhav V. Rajan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   250,000
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 0
Michael Latham   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   0

1 No Trustee or officer is entitled to any pension or retirement benefits from the Trust.
2 Includes compensation for service on the Board of Trustees of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and the Boards of Directors of iShares, Inc. and iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust collectively owned less than 1% of each of the Funds' outstanding shares as of July 31, 2013.
Although the Trust does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participants (as defined below), as of July 31, 2013, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund were as follows:
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  15.30%
63


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.59%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.07%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  9.29%
    Fifth Third Bank (The)
5001 Kingsley Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45263
  7.28%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.94%
         
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  14.16%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.36%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  9.05%
    BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  8.52%
         
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  17.42%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  14.85%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  8.01%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  7.58%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.72%
64


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  6.53%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.03%
         
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  16.60%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  14.00%
    Fifth Third Bank (The)
5001 Kingsley Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45263
  10.75%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  8.76%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.93%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  7.03%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.54%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  5.24%
         
iShares Core High Dividend ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  13.18%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  12.13%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  8.88%
65


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  8.71%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.35%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.15%
         
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  20.51%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  14.39%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  7.90%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  7.66%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  7.15%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.95%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.64%
         
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF   BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  39.88%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.09%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
719 Griswold St.
Detroit, MI 48226
  8.82%
66


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  8.13%
         
iShares International Select Dividend ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  16.75%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  13.47%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  9.49%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  7.06%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.16%
    Bank of America, National Association
411 N. Akard Street
5th Floor
Dallas, TX 75201
  5.29%
         
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  16.01%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  14.96%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  9.04%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  8.68%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
719 Griswold St.
Detroit, MI 48226
  6.89%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.56%
67


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.18%
         
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  12.91%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.96%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.15%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  9.00%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  8.90%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  8.60%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.96%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.25%
         
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF   Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated
777 E. Wisconsin Ave 9th Ave Floor
Milwaukee, WI 53202
  15.54%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  14.04%
    Raymond, James & Associates, Inc.
880 Carillon Parkway
P.O. Box 12749
St. Petersburg, FL 33733
  11.50%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.61%
68


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    RBC Capital Markets Corporation
One Liberty Plaza
New York, NY 10006-1446
  6.29%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  5.90%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.51%
         
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF   First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  15.99%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  12.88%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.95%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.49%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  7.87%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  7.82%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
719 Griswold St.
Detroit, MI 48226
  6.80%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.07%
         
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  27.32%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  12.53%
69


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.36%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  8.20%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.51%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
719 Griswold St.
Detroit, MI 48226
  5.50%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.03%
         
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  17.01%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  16.39%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  12.73%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.71%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  8.35%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.23%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
719 Griswold St.
Detroit, MI 48226
  5.17%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.01%
         
70


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  14.67%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.98%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  10.51%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  10.42%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  9.23%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  8.81%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
719 Griswold St.
Detroit, MI 48226
  7.07%
         
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  20.97%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.52%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  11.31%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  9.07%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  7.71%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
719 Griswold St.
Detroit, MI 48226
  7.26%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.47%
71


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.92%
         
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  16.95%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  12.42%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.73%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
719 Griswold St.
Detroit, MI 48226
  9.67%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  8.65%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.47%
         
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  12.51%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.33%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  10.31%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.76%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.60%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  6.11%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.30%
72


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.06%
         
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  13.99%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.75%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  7.24%
    SEI Private Trust Company
1 Freedom Valley Drive
Oaks, PA 19456
  6.73%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  6.40%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.16%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.90%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.79%
         
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.45%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  8.01%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.01%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  7.66%
73


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    SEI Private Trust Company
1 Freedom Valley Drive
Oaks, PA 19456
  7.30%
    PNC Bank, National Association
Institutional Service Group
8800 Tinicum Blvd.
Attn: Trade Sett. Dept
Philadelphia, PA 19153
  6.78%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.63%
         
iShares North America Real Estate ETF   Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  26.47%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  17.59%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  7.77%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.34%
    Stephens Inc.
111 Center Street
Little Rock, AR 72201
  7.07%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.51%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.33%
         
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  12.94%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  11.93%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.57%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  7.79%
74


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.59%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.69%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  5.10%
         
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  22.79%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  13.77%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  9.21%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.08%
    LPL Financial Corporation
9785 Towne Centre Drive
San Diego, CA 92121-1968
  6.06%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.77%
         
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  13.97%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  11.57%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  10.12%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  9.43%
75


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  7.99%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.18%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.27%
         
iShares Select Dividend ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  12.15%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.78%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  7.35%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  7.06%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  5.25%
         
iShares Transportation Average ETF   The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  13.96%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.00%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.27%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  5.69%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.66%
76


Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  5.32%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.03%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.01%
         
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  15.29%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.78%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.30%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.96%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.90%
    Bank of America, National Association
411 N. Akard Street
5th Floor
Dallas, TX 75201
  5.79%
         
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  16.38%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.31%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  9.25%
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Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Commerce Bank, N.A.
P.O. Box 13366
Kansas City, MO 64199
  5.54%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.42%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.06%
         
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  14.87%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  12.95%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.96%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  11.90%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  9.50%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.37%
         
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  11.70%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  11.41%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  10.24%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.89%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.46%
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Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  5.86%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.11%
         
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  13.41%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.75%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  9.70%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  7.50%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.36%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  7.21%
    LPL Financial Corporation
9785 Towne Centre Drive
San Diego, CA 92121-1968
  6.05%
         
iShares U.S. Energy ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  16.31%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
719 Griswold St.
Detroit, MI 48226
  12.56%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.18%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  6.53%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.67%
         
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  15.68%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  13.21%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  10.04%
    Goldman, Sachs & Co.
30 Hudson Street
16th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.38%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.28%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  5.81%
         
iShares U.S. Financials ETF   The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  15.69%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  11.20%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.97%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  8.51%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.01%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.45%
         
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  16.59%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.74%
    BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  8.71%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  8.55%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  7.43%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.33%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.07%
         
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  19.26%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  12.85%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.51%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  8.18%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  7.71%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.59%
         
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  16.28%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.17%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.35%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  7.78%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  5.97%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.08%
         
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  18.22%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
719 Griswold St.
Detroit, MI 48226
  13.39%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.45%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  6.88%
         
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF   Janney Montgomery Scott LLC
26 Broadway
New York, NY 10004
  14.45%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.26%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  8.84%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  8.84%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.13%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.67%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.36%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  5.11%
    Fifth Third Bank (The)
5001 Kingsley Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45263
  5.04%
         
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.40%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.80%
    Janney Montgomery Scott LLC
26 Broadway
New York, NY 10004
  9.58%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  8.58%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.65%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.74%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  5.52%
         
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.98%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.56%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  10.49%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.96%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.86%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.85%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  6.53%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.46%
         
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF   The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  11.73%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.88%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  9.81%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.22%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.86%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.23%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.00%
    Janney Montgomery Scott LLC
26 Broadway
New York, NY 10004
  5.38%
         
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF   JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  12.87%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.12%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.70%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  8.38%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  7.92%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  7.15%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.87%
         
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.48%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.31%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.05%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.09%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.02%
         
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  24.67%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  12.78%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  11.34%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.74%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  5.43%
         
iShares U.S. Technology ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  12.68%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.88%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.45%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
719 Griswold St.
Detroit, MI 48226
  7.79%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  5.75%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.41%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.36%
         
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.50%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  11.58%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  10.30%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.78%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  9.53%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  6.89%
         
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  19.48%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.27%
    BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  10.68%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  7.57%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.10%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.70%
Potential Conflicts of Interest.  The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (“PNC”) has a significant economic interest in BlackRock, Inc., the parent of BFA, the Funds' investment adviser. PNC is considered to be an affiliate of BlackRock, Inc., under the 1940 Act. Certain activities of BFA, BlackRock, Inc. and their affiliates (collectively, “BlackRock”) and PNC and its affiliates (collectively, “PNC” and together with BlackRock, “Affiliates”), with respect to the Funds and/or other accounts managed by BlackRock or PNC, may give rise to actual or perceived conflicts of interest such as those described below.
BlackRock is one of the world's largest asset management firms. PNC is a diversified financial services organization spanning the retail, business and corporate markets. BlackRock and PNC are affiliates of one another under the 1940 Act. BlackRock and PNC and their respective affiliates (including, for these purposes, their directors, partners, trustees, managing members, officers and employees), including the entities and personnel who may be involved in the investment activities and business operations of a Fund, are engaged worldwide in businesses, including equity, fixed-income, cash management and alternative investments. These are considerations of which investors in a Fund should be aware, and which may cause conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Fund and its shareholders. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments that may be purchased or sold by a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates have proprietary interests in, and may manage or advise with respect to, accounts or funds (including separate accounts and other funds and collective investment vehicles) that have investment objectives similar to those of a Fund and/or that engage in transactions in the same types of securities, currencies and instruments as the Fund. One or more Affiliates are also major participants in the global currency, equities, swap and fixed-income markets, in each case both on a proprietary basis and for the accounts of customers. As such, one or more Affiliates are or may be actively engaged in transactions in the same securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests. Such activities could affect the prices and availability of the securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests, which could have an adverse impact on the Fund's performance. Such transactions, particularly in respect of most proprietary accounts or customer accounts, will be executed independently of a Fund's transactions and thus at prices or rates that may be more or less favorable than those obtained by the Fund. When BlackRock and its Affiliates purchase or sell the same assets for their managed accounts, including a Fund, the assets actually purchased or sold may be allocated among the accounts on a basis determined in their good faith discretion to be equitable. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the size or price of the assets purchased or sold for a Fund. In addition, transactions in investments by one or more other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of a Fund, particularly, but not limited to, with respect to small capitalization, emerging market or less liquid strategies. This may occur when investment decisions regarding a Fund are based on research or other information that is also used to support decisions for other accounts. When BlackRock or its Affiliates implements a portfolio decision or strategy on behalf of another account ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar decisions or strategies for a Fund, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other factors could result in the Fund receiving less favorable trading results and the costs of implementing such decisions or strategies could be increased or the Fund could otherwise be disadvantaged. BlackRock or its Affiliates may, in certain cases, elect to implement internal policies and procedures designed to limit such consequences, which may cause a Fund to be unable to engage in certain activities, including purchasing or disposing of securities, when it might otherwise be desirable for it to do so.
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Table of Contents
Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding a Fund may benefit other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by a Fund may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by a Fund may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which a Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of a Fund's investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of BlackRock or its Affiliates or their clients, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
The results of a Fund's investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by BlackRock and its Affiliates for their proprietary accounts or other accounts (including investment companies or collective investment vehicles) managed or advised by them. It is possible that one or more Affiliate-managed accounts and such other accounts will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by a Fund. Moreover, it is possible that a Fund will sustain losses during periods in which one or more Affiliate-managed accounts achieve significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. The opposite result is also possible. The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and accounts under their management may also limit the investment opportunities for a Fund in certain emerging and other markets in which limitations are imposed upon the amount of investment, in the aggregate or in individual issuers, by affiliated foreign investors.
From time to time, a Fund's activities may also be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to one or more Affiliates, and/or their internal policies designed to comply with such restrictions. As a result, there may be periods, for example, when BlackRock, and/or one or more Affiliates, will not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions in certain securities or instruments with respect to which BlackRock and/or one or more Affiliates are performing services or when position limits have been reached.
In connection with its management of a Fund, BlackRock may have access to certain fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models developed by one or more Affiliates. BlackRock will not be under any obligation, however, to effect transactions on behalf of a Fund in accordance with such analysis and models. In addition, neither BlackRock nor any of its Affiliates will have any obligation to make available any information regarding their proprietary activities or strategies, or the activities or strategies used for other accounts managed by them, for the benefit of the management of a Fund and it is not anticipated that BlackRock will have access to such information for the purpose of managing the Fund. The proprietary activities or portfolio strategies of BlackRock and its Affiliates, or the activities or strategies used for accounts managed by them or other customer accounts could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by BlackRock in managing a Fund.
In addition, certain principals and certain employees of BlackRock are also principals or employees of Affiliates. As a result, the performance by these principals and employees of their obligations to such other entities may be a consideration of which investors in a Fund should be aware.
BlackRock may enter into transactions and invest in securities, instruments and currencies on behalf of a Fund in which customers of BlackRock or its Affiliates, or, to the extent permitted by the SEC, BlackRock or another Affiliate, serves as the counterparty, principal or issuer. In such cases, such party's interests in the transaction will be adverse to the interests of the Fund, and such party may have no incentive to assure that the Fund obtains the best possible prices or terms in connection with the transactions. In addition, the purchase, holding and sale of such investments by a Fund may enhance the profitability of BlackRock or its Affiliates. One or more Affiliates may also create, write or issue derivatives for their customers, the underlying securities, currencies or instruments of which may be those in which a Fund invests or which may be based on the performance of the Fund. A Fund may, subject to applicable law, purchase investments that are the subject of an underwriting or other distribution by one or more Affiliates and may also enter into transactions with other clients of an Affiliate where such other clients have interests adverse to those of the Fund.
At times, these activities may cause departments of BlackRock or its Affiliates to give advice to clients that may cause these clients to take actions adverse to the interests of the Fund. To the extent affiliated transactions are permitted, a Fund will deal with BlackRock and its Affiliates on an arms-length basis. BlackRock or its Affiliates may also have an ownership interest in
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certain trading or information systems used by a Fund. A Fund's use of such trading or information systems may enhance the profitability of BlackRock and its Affiliates.
One or more Affiliates may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or adviser or in other commercial capacities for a Fund. It is anticipated that the commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs, financial advisory fees, underwriting and placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, other fees, compensation or profits, rates, terms and conditions charged by an Affiliate will be in its view commercially reasonable, although each Affiliate, including its sales personnel, will have an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts that are favorable to the Affiliate and such sales personnel.
Subject to applicable law, the Affiliates (and their personnel and other distributors) will be entitled to retain fees and other amounts that they receive in connection with their service to the Funds as broker, dealer, agent, lender, adviser or in other commercial capacities and no accounting to the Funds or their respective shareholders will be required, and no fees or other compensation payable by the Funds or their respective shareholders will be reduced by reason of receipt by an Affiliate of any such fees or other amounts.
When an Affiliate acts as broker, dealer, agent, adviser or in other commercial capacities in relation to the Funds, the Affiliate may take commercial steps in its own interests, which may have an adverse effect on the Funds. A Fund will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on the Fund's own credit standing. Neither BlackRock nor any of the Affiliates will have any obligation to allow their credit to be used in connection with a Fund's establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that the Fund's counterparties will rely on the credit of BlackRock or any of the Affiliates in evaluating the Fund's creditworthiness.
Purchases and sales of securities for a Fund may be bunched or aggregated with orders for other BlackRock client accounts. BlackRock, however, is not required to bunch or aggregate orders if portfolio management decisions for different accounts are made separately, or if it determines that bunching or aggregating is not practicable or required, or in cases involving client direction.
Prevailing trading activity frequently may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Funds will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Funds. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Funds will not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.
BlackRock may select brokers (including, without limitation, Affiliates) that furnish BlackRock, the Funds, other BlackRock client accounts or other Affiliates or personnel, directly or through correspondent relationships, with research or other appropriate services which provide, in BlackRock's view, appropriate assistance to BlackRock in the investment decision-making process (including with respect to futures, fixed-price offerings and over-the-counter transactions). Such research or other services may include, to the extent permitted by law, research reports on companies, industries and securities; economic and financial data; financial publications; proxy analysis; trade industry seminars; computer data bases; research-oriented software and other services and products. Research or other services obtained in this manner may be used in servicing any or all of the Funds and other BlackRock client accounts, including in connection with BlackRock client accounts other than those that pay commissions to the broker relating to the research or other service arrangements. Such products and services may disproportionately benefit other BlackRock client accounts relative to the Funds based on the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds and such other BlackRock client accounts. For example, research or other services that are paid for through one client's commissions may not be used in managing that client's account. In addition, other BlackRock client accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products and services that may be provided to the Funds and to such other BlackRock client accounts. To the extent that BlackRock uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products and services itself.
BlackRock may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. To the extent that BlackRock receives research on this basis, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist. For example, the research effectively will be paid by client commissions that also will be used to pay for the execution, clearing, and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by BlackRock.
BlackRock may endeavor to execute trades through brokers who, pursuant to such arrangements, provide research or other services in order to ensure the continued receipt of research or other services BlackRock believes are useful in its investment
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decision-making process. BlackRock may from time to time choose not to engage in the above described arrangements to varying degrees. BlackRock may also enter into commission sharing arrangements under which BlackRock may execute transactions through a broker-dealer, including, where permitted, an Affiliate, and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to BlackRock. To the extent that BlackRock engages in commission sharing arrangements, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist.
BlackRock may utilize certain electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) in executing client  securities transactions for certain types of securities. These ECNs may charge fees for their services, including access fees and transaction fees. The transaction fees, which are similar to commissions or mark-ups/mark-downs, will generally be charged to clients and, like commissions and mark-ups/mark-downs, would generally be included in the cost of the securities purchased. Access fees may be paid by BlackRock even though incurred in connection with executing transactions on behalf of clients, including the Funds. In certain circumstances, ECNs may offer volume discounts that will reduce the access fees typically paid by BlackRock. BlackRock will only utilize ECNs consistent with its obligation to seek to obtain best execution in client transactions.
BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Funds, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with BlackRock's fiduciary obligations to its clients. Nevertheless, notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of BlackRock may have the effect of favoring the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of BlackRock and/or its Affiliates, provided that BlackRock believes such voting decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the Proxy Voting Policy section of this SAI.
It is also possible that, from time to time, BlackRock or its Affiliates may, although they are not required to, purchase and hold shares of a Fund. Increasing a Fund's assets may enhance investment flexibility and diversification and may contribute to economies of scale that tend to reduce the Fund's expense ratio. BlackRock and its Affiliates reserve the right to redeem at any time some or all of the shares of a Fund acquired for their own accounts. A large redemption of shares of a Fund by BlackRock or its Affiliates could significantly reduce the asset size of the Fund, which might have an adverse effect on the Fund's investment flexibility, portfolio diversification and expense ratio. BlackRock will consider the effect of redemptions on a Fund and other shareholders in deciding whether to redeem its shares.
It is possible that a Fund may invest in securities of companies with which an Affiliate has or is trying to develop investment banking relationships as well as securities of entities in which BlackRock or its Affiliates has significant debt or equity investments or in which an Affiliate makes a market. A Fund also may invest in securities of companies to which an Affiliate provides or may someday provide research coverage. Such investments could cause conflicts between the interests of a Fund and the interests of other clients of BlackRock or its Affiliates. In making investment decisions for a Fund, BlackRock is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information acquired by any division, department or Affiliate of BlackRock in the course of these activities. In addition, from time to time, the activities of an Affiliate may limit a Fund's flexibility in purchases and sales of securities. When an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of an entity, BlackRock may be prohibited from purchasing or recommending the purchase of certain securities of that entity for a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates, their personnel and other financial service providers may have interests in promoting sales of the Funds. With respect to BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel, the remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of the Funds or other products may be greater than remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of certain funds or other products that might be provided or offered. BlackRock and its Affiliates and their sales personnel may directly or indirectly receive a portion of the fees and commissions charged to the Funds or their respective shareholders. BlackRock and its advisory or other personnel may also benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. Fees and commissions may also be higher than for other products or services, and the remuneration and profitability to BlackRock or its Affiliates and such personnel resulting from transactions on behalf of or management of the Funds may be greater than the remuneration and profitability resulting from other funds or products.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel may receive greater compensation or greater profit in connection with an account for which BlackRock serves as an adviser than with an account advised by an unaffiliated investment adviser. Differentials in compensation may be related to the fact that BlackRock may pay a portion of its advisory fee to its Affiliate, or relate to compensation arrangements, including for portfolio management, brokerage transactions or account servicing. Any
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differential in compensation may create a financial incentive on the part of BlackRock or its Affiliates and their personnel to recommend BlackRock over unaffiliated investment advisers or to effect transactions differently in one account over another.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may provide valuation assistance to certain clients with respect to certain securities or other investments and the valuation recommendations made for their clients' accounts may differ from the valuations for the same securities or investments assigned by a Fund's pricing vendors, especially if such valuations are based on broker-dealer quotes or other data sources unavailable to the Fund's pricing vendors. While BlackRock will generally communicate its valuation information or determinations to a Fund's pricing vendors and/or fund accountants, there may be instances where the Fund's pricing vendors or fund accountants assign a different valuation to a security or other investment than the valuation for such security or investment determined or recommended by BlackRock.
As disclosed in more detail in the Determination of Net Asset Value section of each Fund’s Prospectus, when market valuations are not readily available or such valuations do not reflect current market values, the affected investments will be valued using fair value pricing, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Fund's Board. As a result, the Funds' sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued by BlackRock (pursuant to Board-adopted procedures) at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, a Fund may invest all or some of its short-term cash investments in any money market fund or similarly-managed private fund advised or managed by BlackRock. In connection with any such investments, a Fund, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, may pay its share of expenses of a money market fund in which it invests, which may result in a Fund bearing some additional expenses.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their directors, officers and employees, may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and may have conflicts of interest with respect to investments made on behalf of a Fund. As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by directors, officers, employees and Affiliates of BlackRock that are the same, different from or made at different times than positions taken for the Fund. To lessen the possibility that a Fund will be adversely affected by this personal trading, the Fund, BFA and BlackRock each has adopted a code of ethics in compliance with Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the Fund's portfolio transactions. Each code of ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Each code of ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by e-mail at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-1520.
BlackRock and its Affiliates will not purchase securities or other property from, or sell securities or other property to, a Fund, except that the Fund may in accordance with rules adopted under the 1940 Act engage in transactions with accounts that are affiliated with the Fund as a result of common officers, directors, or investment advisers or pursuant to exemptive orders granted to the Funds and/or BlackRock by the SEC. These transactions would be affected in circumstances in which BlackRock determined that it would be appropriate for a Fund to purchase and another client of BlackRock to sell, or the Fund to sell and another client of BlackRock to purchase, the same security or instrument on the same day. From time to time, the activities of a Fund may be restricted because of regulatory requirements applicable to BlackRock or its Affiliates and/or BlackRock's internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such requirements. A client not advised by BlackRock would not be subject to some of those considerations. There may be periods when BlackRock may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, or may otherwise restrict or limit their advice in certain securities or instruments issued by or related to companies for which an Affiliate is performing investment banking, market making or other services or has proprietary positions. For example, when an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of, or advisory services for, a company, the Funds may be prohibited from or limited in purchasing or selling securities of that company. Similar situations could arise if personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates serve as directors of companies the securities of which the Funds wish to purchase or sell. However, if permitted by applicable law, the Funds may purchase securities or instruments that are issued by such companies or are the subject of an underwriting, distribution, or advisory assignment by an Affiliate, or in cases in which personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates are directors or officers of the issuer.
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The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and for client accounts may also limit the investment strategies and rights of the Funds. For example, in regulated industries, in certain emerging or international markets, in corporate and regulatory ownership definitions, and in certain futures and derivative transactions, there may be limits on the aggregate amount of investment by affiliated investors that may not be exceeded without the grant of a license or other regulatory or corporate consent or, if exceeded, may cause BlackRock, the Funds or other client accounts to suffer disadvantages or business restrictions.
If certain aggregate ownership thresholds are reached or certain transactions undertaken, the ability of BlackRock on behalf of clients (including the Funds) to purchase or dispose of investments, or exercise rights or undertake business transactions, may be restricted by regulation or otherwise impaired. As a result, BlackRock, on behalf of clients (including the Funds), may limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict or limit the exercise of rights (including voting rights) when BlackRock, in its sole discretion, deems it appropriate.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may maintain securities indexes as part of their product offerings. Index based funds seek to track the performance of securities indexes and may use the name of the index in the fund name. Index providers, including BlackRock and its Affiliates may be paid licensing fees for use of their index or index name. BlackRock and its Affiliates will not be obligated to license their indexes to BlackRock, and BlackRock cannot be assured that the terms of any index licensing agreement with BlackRock and its Affiliates will be as favorable as those terms offered to other index licensees.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may serve as Authorized Participants in the creation and redemption of exchange-traded funds, including funds advised by Affiliates of BlackRock. As described in greater detail in the Creations and Redemptions section of each Prospectus, BlackRock and its Affiliates may therefore be deemed to be participants in a distribution of iShares funds that could render them statutory underwriters.
Present and future activities of BlackRock and its Affiliates, including BFA, in addition to those described in this section, may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services
Investment Adviser.  BFA serves as investment adviser to each Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, and BFA. BFA is a California corporation indirectly owned by BlackRock, Inc. and is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Under the investment advisory agreement, BFA, subject to the supervision of the Board and in conformity with the stated investment policies of each Fund, manages and administers the Trust and the investment of each Fund’s assets. BFA is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and providing continuous supervision of the investment portfolio of each Fund.
Pursuant to the investment advisory agreement, BFA may, from time to time, in its sole discretion and to the extent permitted by applicable law, appoint one or more sub-advisers, including, without limitation, affiliates of BFA, to perform investment advisory or other services with respect to a Fund. In addition, BFA may delegate certain of its investment advisory functions under the investment advisory agreement to one or more of its affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law. BFA may terminate any or all sub-advisers or such delegation arrangements in its sole discretion upon appropriate notice at any time to the extent permitted by applicable law.
BFA is responsible, under the investment advisory agreement, for substantially all expenses of the Funds, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. BFA is not responsible for, and the Funds will bear the cost of, interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses and other expenses connected with the execution of portfolio securities transactions, distribution fees and extraordinary expenses.
Based on assets of the following iShares funds as of April 30, 2013, for its investment advisory services to certain Funds included in this SAI, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from such Funds corresponding to each Fund’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the following iShares funds: iShares Transportation Average ETF, iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF, iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF, iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF, iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF, iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF, iShares U.S. Energy ETF, iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF, iShares U.S. Financials ETF, iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF, iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF,
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iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF, iShares U.S. Industrials ETF, iShares U.S. Insurance ETF, iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF, iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF, iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF, iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF, iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF, iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF, iShares U.S. Technology ETF, iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF and the iShares U.S. Utilities ETF. The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows: 0.48% per annum of the aggregate net assets of those Funds less than or equal to $10.0 billion; plus 0.43% per annum of the aggregate net assets of those Funds over $10.0 billion up to and including $20.0 billion; plus 0.38% per annum of the aggregate net assets of those Funds in excess of $20.0 billion.
Effective July 1, 2013, for its investment advisory services to the iShares Select Dividend ETF, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from the iShares Select Dividend ETF corresponding to the iShares Select Dividend ETF’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the iShares Latin America 40 ETF, iShares MSCI Pacific ex Japan ETF, iShares Russell 2000 ETF, iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF, iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF, iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF and the iShares Select Dividend ETF (“Combined Funds”). The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows:
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management
Fee
for the iShares
Select Dividend ETF
First $46 billion 0.4000%
Greater than $46 billion – Up to $81 billion 0.3800%
Greater than $81 billion – Up to $141 billion 0.3610%
Greater than $141 billion 0.3430%
Each reduced management fee level set forth in the fee schedule above reflects a 5% reduction (rounded to the fourth decimal place) from the management fee at the prior Combined Fund asset level.
Effective July 1, 2013, for its investment advisory services to the iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from the iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF corresponding to the iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF, iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF, iShares MBS ETF, iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF, iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF, iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF, iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF, iShares TIPS Bond ETF and the iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF (“Combined Funds”). The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows:
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management
Fee
for the iShares
Cohen & Steers REIT ETF
First $121 billion 0.3500%
Greater than $121 billion - Up to $211 billion 0.3325%
Greater than $211 billion 0.3159%
Each reduced management fee level set forth in the fee schedule above reflects a 5% reduction (rounded to the fourth decimal place) from the management fee at the prior Combined Fund asset level.
For its investment advisory services to each Fund, BFA received a management fee at the annual rates (as a percentage of such Fund's average net assets) set forth below for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013.
The following table sets forth the management fees paid by each Fund to BFA for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Management
Fee for the
Fiscal
Year Ended
April 30, 2013
  Fund Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year Ended
April 30, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year Ended
April 30, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year Ended
April 30, 2011
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF   0.48%   11/12/07   $ 145,219   $ 116,792   $ 117,726
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF   0.35%   01/29/01   10,015,607   8,683,556   7,820,036
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Fund   Management
Fee for the
Fiscal
Year Ended
April 30, 2013
  Fund Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year Ended
April 30, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year Ended
April 30, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year Ended
April 30, 2011
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF   0.20%   06/12/00   1,267,615   1,163,297   1,173,844
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF   0.48%   11/12/07   64,388   78,311   46,620
iShares Core High Dividend ETF1   0.40%   03/29/11   8,666,608   2,445,135   4,849
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF   0.48%   05/01/07   50,584   52,930   49,168
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF   0.48%   11/12/07   6,181,883   1,805,385   1,699,055
iShares International Select Dividend ETF   0.50%   06/11/07   6,542,578   3,378,517   1,325,736
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF   0.20%   06/28/04   588,657   560,816   528,749
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF   0.25%   06/28/04   1,119,275   939,301   913,958
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF   0.25%   06/28/04   617,297   578,996   511,273
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF   0.25%   06/28/04   405,621   388,470   339,853
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF   0.30%   06/28/04   488,566   528,677   518,131
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF   0.30%   06/28/04   304,181   303,426   341,529
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF   0.25%   06/28/04   352,502   395,119   422,694
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF   0.30%   06/28/04   268,782   315,530   286,477
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF   0.30%   06/28/04   599,892   494,681   550,912
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF   0.48%   05/01/07   3,865,163   1,090,407   427,492
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF   0.50%   11/14/06   877,393   770,154   633,073
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF   0.50%   01/24/05   913,461   837,955   681,289
iShares North America Real Estate ETF   0.48%   11/12/07   110,194   68,159   46,938
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF   0.48%   05/01/07   341,886   238,704   219,867
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF   0.48%   05/01/07   1,179,270   722,414   305,844
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF   0.48%   05/01/07   97,884   45,587   50,495
iShares Select Dividend ETF   0.40%   11/03/03   43,282,585   32,551,013   20,672,108
iShares Transportation Average ETF   0.46%   10/06/03   2,615,545   2,213,221   2,748,287
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF   0.46%   05/01/06   404,399   561,135   808,782
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF   0.46%   06/12/00   2,387,243   3,366,809   4,280,439
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   0.46%   05/01/06   250,311   300,125   525,950
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF   0.46%   06/12/00   1,856,432   1,753,179   1,384,713
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF   0.46%   06/12/00   1,498,520   1,144,196   945,008
iShares U.S. Energy ETF   0.46%   06/12/00   4,616,749   4,501,171   3,687,958
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   0.46%   06/12/00   1,485,905   945,369   1,109,620
iShares U.S. Financials ETF   0.46%   05/22/00   2,712,870   1,988,982   2,283,362
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF   0.46%   06/12/00   3,232,026   2,838,484   2,743,783
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF   0.46%   05/01/06   1,096,383   1,197,072   693,064
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF   0.46%   05/01/06   6,795,010   1,939,468   1,784,280
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF   0.46%   06/12/00   2,847,881   1,864,085   1,757,600
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF   0.46%   05/01/06   370,008   305,190   400,413
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF   0.46%   05/01/06   1,403,987   1,764,941   1,839,656
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF   0.46%   05/01/06   1,457,964   1,892,250   1,911,188
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF   0.46%   05/01/06   1,675,579   2,405,526   2,117,304
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF   0.46%   05/01/06   1,830,262   1,303,579   727,330
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF   0.46%   06/12/00   21,123,523   15,801,176   13,584,765
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   0.46%   05/01/06   856,905   522,075   697,954
iShares U.S. Technology ETF   0.46%   05/15/00   7,657,120   6,707,476   6,491,532
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF   0.46%   05/22/00   2,403,378   2,831,274   3,169,685
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Fund   Management
Fee for the
Fiscal
Year Ended
April 30, 2013
  Fund Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year Ended
April 30, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year Ended
April 30, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year Ended
April 30, 2011
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF   0.46%   06/12/00   3,602,032   2,916,691   2,327,965

1
Effective June 12, 2014, the management fee for the iShares Core High Dividend ETF is 0.12%.
The investment advisory agreement with respect to each Fund continues in effect for two years from its effective date, and thereafter is subject to annual approval by (i) the Board, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the applicable Fund, provided that in either event such continuance also is approved by a majority of the Board members who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the applicable Fund, by a vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The investment advisory agreement with respect to each Fund is terminable without penalty, on 60 days' notice, by the Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act). The investment advisory agreement is also terminable upon 60 days' notice by BFA and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
Portfolio Managers.  As of April 30, 2013, except as otherwise noted below, the individuals named as Portfolio Managers in the Funds' Prospectuses were also primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of other iShares funds and certain other types of portfolios and/or accounts as follows:
Matthew Goff (as of 9/1/2013)        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   53   $46,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   0
Other Accounts   2   156,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   180   $404,000,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   19   12,000,000,000
Other Accounts   1   25,600,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   180   $404,000,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   194   $419,000,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   86   55,700,000,000
Other Accounts   3   129,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
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Each of the portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management seeks to track the rate of return, risk profile and other characteristics of independent third-party indexes by either replicating the same combination of securities that constitute those indexes or through a representative sampling of the securities that constitute those indexes based on objective criteria and data. Pursuant to BFA’s policy, investment opportunities are allocated equitably among the Funds and other portfolios and accounts. For example, under certain circumstances, an investment opportunity may be restricted due to limited supply in the market, legal constraints or other factors, in which event the investment opportunity will be allocated equitably among those portfolios and accounts, including the funds seeking such investment opportunity. As a consequence, from time to time the Funds may receive a smaller allocation of an investment opportunity than it would have if the Portfolio Managers and BFA and its affiliates did not manage other portfolios or accounts.
Like the Funds, the other portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management generally pay an asset-based fee to BFA or its affiliates, as applicable, for its advisory services. One or more of those other portfolios or accounts, however, may pay BFA or its affiliates an incentive-based fee in lieu of, or in addition to, an asset-based fee for its advisory services. A portfolio or account with an incentive-based fee would pay BFA or its affiliates a portion of that portfolio’s or account’s gains, or would pay BFA or its affiliates more for its services than would otherwise be the case if BFA or any of its affiliates meets or exceeds specified performance targets. By their nature, incentive-based fee arrangements could present an incentive for BFA or its affiliates to devote greater resources, and allocate more investment opportunities, to the portfolios or accounts that have those fee arrangements, relative to other portfolios or accounts, in order to earn larger fees. Although BFA and each of its affiliates has an obligation to allocate resources and opportunities equitably among portfolios and accounts and intends to do so, shareholders of the Funds should be aware that, as with any group of portfolios and accounts managed by an investment adviser and/or its affiliates pursuant to varying fee arrangements, including incentive-based fee arrangements, there is the potential for a conflict of interest that may result in the Portfolio Managers' favoring those portfolios or accounts with incentive-based fee arrangements.
The tables below show, for each Portfolio Manager, the number of portfolios or accounts of the types set forth in the above tables and the aggregate of total assets in those portfolios or accounts with respect to which the investment management fees are based on the performance of those portfolios or accounts as of April 30, 2013, except as otherwise noted below:
Matthew Goff (as of 9/1/2013)        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other Accounts
with Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other Accounts
with Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other Accounts
with Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
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Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other Accounts
with Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
The discussion below describes the Portfolio Managers' compensation as of April 30, 2013.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Overview
BlackRock, Inc.'s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a performance-based discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock, Inc.
Base compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm.
Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, Inc., the performance of the portfolio manager's group within BlackRock, Inc. and the individual's performance and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock, Inc.
Distribution of Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash and BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units which vest ratably over a number of years. The BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units, if properly vested, will be settled in BlackRock, Inc. common stock. Typically, the cash bonus, when combined with base salary, represents more than 60% of total compensation for the portfolio managers. Paying a portion of annual bonuses in stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year “at risk” based on BlackRock, Inc.'s ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods.
Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards — From time to time, long-term incentive equity awards are granted to certain key employees to aid in retention, align their interests with long-term shareholder interests and motivate performance. Equity awards are generally granted in the form of BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units that, once vested, settle in BlackRock, Inc. common stock.
Other Compensation Benefits. In addition to base compensation and discretionary incentive compensation, portfolio managers may be eligible to receive or participate in one or more of the following:
Incentive Savings Plans — BlackRock, Inc. has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock, Inc. employees are eligible to participate, including a 401(k) plan, the BlackRock Retirement Savings Plan (“RSP”), and the BlackRock Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The employer contribution components of the RSP include a company match equal to 50% of the first 8% of eligible pay contributed to the plan capped at $5,000 per year, and a company retirement contribution equal to 3-5% of eligible compensation up to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) limit ($255,000 for 2013). The RSP offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies and collective investment funds managed by the firm. BlackRock, Inc. contributions follow the investment direction set by participants for their own contributions or, absent participant investment direction, are invested into an index target date fund that corresponds to, or is closest to, the year in which the participant attains age 65. The ESPP allows for investment in BlackRock, Inc. common stock at a 5% discount on the fair market value of the stock on the purchase date. Annual participation in the ESPP is limited to the purchase of 1,000 shares of common stock or a dollar value of $25,000 based on its fair market value on the Purchase Date. Matthew Goff, Diane Hsiung, Jennifer Hsui and Greg Savage are each eligible to participate in these plans.
As of April 30, 2013, except as otherwise noted below, the Portfolio Managers beneficially owned shares of the Funds, for which they are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management, in the amounts reflected in the following tables:
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Matthew Goff (as of 9/1/2013)                          
      Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF X                        
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF X                        
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares Core High Dividend ETF X                        
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares International Select Dividend ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF X                        
iShares North America Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF X                        
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares Select Dividend ETF X                        
iShares Transportation Average ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Energy ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Financials ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF X                        
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Matthew Goff                          
      Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares U.S. Technology ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF X                        
    
Diane Hsiung                          
      Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF X                        
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF X                        
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares Core High Dividend ETF     X                    
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares International Select Dividend ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF X                        
iShares North America Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF X                        
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares Select Dividend ETF X                        
iShares Transportation Average ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Energy ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Financials ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF X                        
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Diane Hsiung                          
      Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Technology ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF X                        
    
Jennifer Hsui                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF X                        
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF X                        
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares Core High Dividend ETF X                        
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares International Select Dividend ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF X                        
iShares North America Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF X                        
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares Select Dividend ETF X                        
iShares Transportation Average ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF X                        
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Jennifer Hsui                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Energy ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Financials ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Technology ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF X                        
    
Greg Savage                          
  Dollar Range    
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF X                        
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF X                        
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares Core High Dividend ETF X                        
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares International Select Dividend ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF X                        
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF X                        
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF X                        
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Greg Savage                          
  Dollar Range    
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF X                        
iShares North America Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF X                        
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF X                        
iShares Select Dividend ETF X                        
iShares Transportation Average ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Energy ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Financials ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Technology ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF X                        
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF X                        
Codes of Ethics.  The Trust, BFA and the Distributor have adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The codes of ethics permit personnel subject to the codes of ethics to invest in securities, subject to certain limitations, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements.  The Funds are subject to the USA PATRIOT Act (the “Patriot Act”). The Patriot Act is intended to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system in furtherance of money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities. Pursuant to requirements under the Patriot Act, a Fund may request information from Authorized Participants to enable it to form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its Authorized Participants. This information will be used to verify the identity of Authorized Participants or, in some cases, the status of financial professionals; it will be used only for compliance with the requirements of the Patriot Act.
The Funds reserve the right to reject purchase orders from persons who have not submitted information sufficient to allow the Fund to verify their identity. Each Fund also reserves the right to redeem any amounts in a Fund from persons whose identity it is unable to verify on a timely basis. It is the Funds' policy to cooperate fully with appropriate regulators in any investigations conducted with respect to potential money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
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Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) serves as administrator, custodian and transfer agent for the Funds under the Master Services Agreement and related Service Schedule (the “Service Module”). State Street’s principal address is 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116. Pursuant to the Service Module for Fund Administration and Accounting Services with the Trust, State Street provides necessary administrative, legal, tax and accounting and financial reporting services for the maintenance and operations of the Trust and each Fund. In addition, State Street makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services. Pursuant to the Service Module for Custodial Services with the Trust, State Street maintains, in separate accounts, cash, securities and other assets of the Trust and each Fund, keeps all necessary accounts and records and provides other services. State Street is required, upon the order of the Trust, to deliver securities held by State Street and to make payments for securities purchased by the Trust for each Fund. State Street is authorized to appoint certain foreign custodians or foreign custody managers for Fund investments outside the United States. Pursuant to the Service Module for Transfer Agency Services with the Trust, State Street acts as a transfer agent for each Fund’s authorized and issued shares of beneficial interest, and as dividend disbursing agent of the Trust. As compensation for these services, State Street receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by BFA from its management fee.
The following table sets forth the administration, transfer agency and custodian expenses of each Fund paid by BFA to State Street for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fund Inception Date   Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 2013
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 2012
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 2011
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF   11/12/07   $ 15,119   $ 10,716   $ 9,582
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF   01/29/01   84,470   100,355   100,219
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF   06/12/00   31,476   53,426   33,684
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF   11/12/07   16,575   16,324   13,660
iShares Core High Dividend ETF   03/29/11   66,199   29,196   324
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF   05/01/07   2,840   3,029   3,222
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF   11/12/07   96,770   49,722   51,148
iShares International Select Dividend ETF   06/11/07   126,225   110,406   44,635
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF   06/28/04   14,223   16,571   15,667
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF   06/28/04   17,195   18,590   19,599
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF   06/28/04   12,891   14,272   14,005
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF   06/28/04   16,174   18,683   14,839
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF   06/28/04   14,388   15,845   13,889
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF   06/28/04   12,453   15,030   13,235
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF   06/28/04   14,251   16,253   16,255
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF   06/28/04   15,457   21,020   15,994
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF   06/28/04   20,705   18,384   15,985
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF   05/01/07   27,595   14,582   10,595
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF   11/14/06   13,898   15,248   12,592
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF   01/24/05   12,549   13,958   11,936
iShares North America Real Estate ETF   11/12/07   7,987   8,223   7,161
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF   05/01/07   6,014   6,882   7,008
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF   05/01/07   10,103   9,505   6,206
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF   05/01/07   3,160   2,822   2,644
iShares Select Dividend ETF   11/03/03   316,238   325,355   233,977
iShares Transportation Average ETF   10/06/03   17,566   20,225   26,805
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF   05/01/06   4,789   6,943   9,381
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF   06/12/00   18,471   32,577   42,861
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   05/01/06   3,856   5,409   7,303
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Fund   Fund Inception Date   Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 2013
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 2012
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 2011
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF   06/12/00   16,811   20,918   16,636
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF   06/12/00   14,051   15,232   13,622
iShares U.S. Energy ETF   06/12/00   31,541   39,666   35,595
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   06/12/00   12,902   11,882   14,377
iShares U.S. Financials ETF   05/22/00   25,550   26,290   26,650
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF   06/12/00   24,973   28,929   30,193
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF   05/01/06   9,104   12,563   9,297
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF   05/01/06   44,387   17,797   18,082
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF   06/12/00   24,710   26,183   21,418
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF   05/01/06   5,978   5,793   6,241
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF   05/01/06   10,831   17,227   18,944
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF   05/01/06   12,496   19,639   21,938
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF   05/01/06   11,738   22,724   21,534
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF   05/01/06   14,593   14,091   9,860
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF   06/12/00   173,413   176,836   160,098
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   05/01/06   8,230   8,027   9,421
iShares U.S. Technology ETF   05/15/00   49,711   60,190   62,997
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF   05/22/00   18,283   27,241   32,035
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF   06/12/00   26,380   29,114   26,402
Distributor.  The Distributor's principal address is 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Funds through the Distributor or its agent only in Creation Units, as described in the applicable Prospectus and below in the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Fund shares in amounts less than Creation Units are generally not distributed by the Distributor or its agent. The Distributor or its agent will arrange for the delivery of the applicable Prospectus and, upon request, this SAI to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it or its agents and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it or its agents. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
The Distribution Agreement for each Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on at least 60 days' prior written notice to the other party following (i) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the relevant Fund. The Distribution Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Fund shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as defined below), DTC participants and/or investor services organizations.
BFA or its affiliates may, from time to time and from its own resources, pay, defray or absorb costs relating to distribution, including payments out of its own resources to the Distributor, or to otherwise promote the sale of shares.
The Distributor has served as the Funds' distributor since April 1, 2012. Prior to that date, SEI Investments Distribution Co. (“SEI”), located at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, PA 19456, served as the distributor to the Funds. The following table sets forth the compensation paid by BFA to SEI for certain services, not primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares, provided to each Fund during the fiscal years noted:
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Fund   Fund Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
April 1, 2012
to April 30, 20121
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
May 1, 2011
to March 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 20112
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF   11/12/07   $7,457   $827   $ 10,284   $ 11,350
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF   01/29/01   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF   06/12/00   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF   11/12/07   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Core High Dividend ETF   03/29/11   7,457   827   10,284   2,030
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF   05/01/07   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF   11/12/07   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares International Select Dividend ETF   06/11/07   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF   06/28/04   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF   06/28/04   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF   06/28/04   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF   06/28/04   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF   06/28/04   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF   06/28/04   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF   06/28/04   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF   06/28/04   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF   06/28/04   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF   05/01/07   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF   11/14/06   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF   01/24/05   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares North America Real Estate ETF   11/12/07   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF   05/01/07   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF   05/01/07   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF   05/01/07   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Select Dividend ETF   11/03/03   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares Transportation Average ETF   10/06/03   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF   05/01/06   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF   06/12/00   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
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Fund   Fund Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
April 1, 2012
to April 30, 20121
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
May 1, 2011
to March 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 20112
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   05/01/06   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF   06/12/00   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF   06/12/00   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Energy ETF   06/12/00   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   06/12/00   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Financials ETF   05/22/00   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF   06/12/00   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF   05/01/06   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF   05/01/06   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF   06/12/00   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF   05/01/06   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF   05/01/06   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF   05/01/06   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF   05/01/06   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF   05/01/06   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF   06/12/00   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   05/01/06   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Technology ETF   05/15/00   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF   05/22/00   7,457   827   10,284   11,350
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF   06/12/00   7,457   827   10,284   11,350

1 BRIL serves as the distributor to the Funds effective April 1, 2012. These fees reflect payments made to SEI, acting as an agent of the Distributor.
2 SEI served as the distributor to the Funds through March 31, 2012.
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates. BFA and/or its affiliates (“BFA Entities”) pay certain broker-dealers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Funds, other iShares funds or exchange-traded products in general. BFA Entities make these payments from their own assets and not from the assets of the Funds. Although a portion of BFA Entities’ revenue comes directly or indirectly in part from fees paid by the Funds and other iShares funds, these payments do not increase the price paid by investors for the purchase of shares of, or the cost of owning, the Fund or other iShares funds. BFA Entities make payments for Intermediaries’ participation in activities that are designed to make registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Funds, or for other activities, such as participation in marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems (“Education Costs”). BFA Entities also make payments to Intermediaries for certain printing, publishing and mailing costs associated with the Funds or materials relating to exchange-traded products in general (“Publishing Costs”). In addition, BFA Entities make payments to Intermediaries that make shares of the Funds and certain other iShares funds available to their clients, develop new products that feature iShares or otherwise promote the Funds and other iShares funds. BFA Entities may also reimburse expenses or make payments from their own assets to Intermediaries or other persons in consideration of services or other activities that the BFA Entities believe may benefit the iShares business or facilitate investment in iShares funds. Payments of the type described above are sometimes referred to as revenue-sharing payments.
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Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your salesperson or other investment professional may also be significant for your salesperson or other investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it will recommend or make available to its clients or what services to provide for various products based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments may create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients and these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Funds and other iShares funds over other investments. The same conflict of interest and financial incentive exist with respect to your salesperson or other investment professional if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.
As of March 1, 2013, BFA Entities have contractual arrangements to make payments (in addition to payments for Education Costs or Publishing Costs) to one Intermediary, Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (“FBS”). Pursuant to this special, long-term and significant arrangement (the “Marketing Program”), FBS and certain affiliates (collectively “Fidelity”) have agreed, among other things, to actively promote iShares funds to customers and investment professionals and in advertising campaigns as the preferred exchange-traded product, to offer certain iShares funds in certain Fidelity platforms and investment programs, in some cases at a reduced commission rate or commission free, and to provide marketing data to BFA Entities. BFA Entities have agreed to facilitate the Marketing Program by, among other things, making certain payments to FBS for marketing and implementing certain brokerage and investment programs. Upon termination of the arrangement, the BFA Entities will make additional payments to FBS based upon a number of criteria, including the overall success of the Marketing Program and the level of services provided by FBS during the wind-down period.
Any additions, modifications, or deletions to Intermediaries listed above that have occurred since the date noted above are not included in the list. Further, BFA Entities make Education Costs and Publishing Costs payments to other Intermediaries that are not listed above. BFA Entities may determine to make such payments based on any number of metrics. For example, BFA Entities may make payments at year-end or other intervals in a fixed amount, an amount based upon an Intermediary’s services at defined levels or an amount based on the Intermediary’s net sales of one or more iShares funds in a year or other period, any of which arrangements may include an agreed-upon minimum or maximum payment, or any combination of the foregoing. As of the date of this SAI, BFA anticipates that the payments paid by BFA Entities in connection with the Funds, iShares funds and exchange-traded products in general will be immaterial to BFA Entities in the aggregate for the next year. Please contact your salesperson or other investment professional for more information regarding any such payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the BFA Entities to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy shares of iShares funds.
The Funds may participate in certain market maker incentive programs of a national securities exchange in which an affiliate of the Funds would pay a fee to the exchange used for the purpose of incentivizing one or more market makers in the securities of a Fund to enhance the liquidity and quality of the secondary market of securities of a Fund. The fee would then be credited by the exchange to one or more market makers that meet or exceed liquidity and market quality standards with respect to the securities of a Fund. Each market maker incentive program is subject to approval from the SEC. Any such fee payments made to an exchange will be made by an affiliate of a Fund solely for the benefit of a Fund and will not be paid from any Fund assets.
Determination of Net Asset Value
Valuation of Shares. The NAV for a Fund is generally calculated as of the close of regular trading hours on the NYSE (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each business day the NYSE is open. Valuation of securities held by a Fund is as follows:
Equity Investments. Equity securities traded on a recognized securities exchange (e.g., NYSE), separate trading boards of a securities exchange or through a market system that provides contemporaneous transaction pricing information (an “Exchange”) are valued using information obtained via independent pricing services, generally the Exchange closing price, or if an Exchange closing price is not available, the last traded price on that Exchange prior to the time as of which a Fund’s assets or liabilities are valued. However, under certain circumstances other means of determining current market value may be used. If an equity security is traded on more than one Exchange, the current market value of the security where it is primarily traded generally will be used. In the event that there are no sales involving an equity security held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such security, the prior day’s price will be used, unless, in accordance with valuation procedures
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approved by a Fund’s Board (the “Valuation Procedures”), BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the security, in which case such asset would be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below).
Fixed Income Investments. In accordance with the Valuation Procedures, fixed income securities for which market quotations are readily available are generally valued using such securities’ most recent bid prices provided directly from one or more broker-dealers, market makers, or independent third-party pricing services, each of which may use matrix pricing and valuation models, as well as recent market transactions for the same or similar assets to derive values. The amortized cost method of valuation may be used with respect to debt obligations with sixty days or less remaining to maturity unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such method does not represent fair value. Loan participation notes are generally valued at the mean of the last available bid prices from one or more brokers or dealers as obtained from independent third-party pricing services. Certain fixed income investments, including asset-backed and mortgage-related securities, may be valued based on valuation models that consider the estimated cash flows of each tranche of the entity, establish a benchmark yield and develop an estimated tranche specific spread to the benchmark yield based on the unique attributes of the tranche. Fixed income securities for which market quotations are not readily available may be valued by third-party pricing services that make a valuation determination by securing transaction data (e.g., recent representative bids), credit quality information, perceived market movements, news, and other relevant information and by other methods, which may include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from dealers; and general market conditions.
Options, Futures, Swaps and Other Derivatives. Exchange-traded equity options for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices as quoted on the Exchange or the board of trade on which such options are traded. In the event that there is no mean price available for an exchange traded equity option held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such option, the last bid (long positions) or ask (short positions) price, if available, will be used as the value of such option. If no such bid or ask price is available on a day on which a Fund values such option, the prior day’s price will be used, unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the option in which case such option will be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below). Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives may be valued using a mathematical model which may incorporate a number of market data factors. Financial futures contracts and options thereon, which are traded on exchanges, are valued at their settle price as of the close of such exchanges. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
Underlying Funds. Shares of underlying exchange-traded funds will be valued at their most recent closing price on an Exchange. Shares of underlying money market funds will be valued at their net asset value.
General Valuation Information. In determining the market value of portfolio investments, a Fund may employ independent third-party pricing services, which may use, without limitation, a matrix or formula method that takes into consideration market indexes, matrices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. This may result in the securities being valued at a price different from the price that would have been determined had the matrix or formula method not been used. All cash, receivables and current payables are carried on a Fund’s books at their face value.
Prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services, broker-dealers or market makers to value a Fund’s securities and other assets and liabilities are based on information available at the time a Fund values its assets and liabilities. In the event that a pricing service quotation is revised or updated subsequent to the day on which the Fund valued such security or other asset or liability, the revised pricing service quotation generally will be applied prospectively. Such determination will be made considering pertinent facts and circumstances surrounding the revision.
Certain types of securities, including many fixed income securities, trade infrequently and there may be no current market transactions or recent representative bids for such securities. To the extent that prices for such securities are not reflective of current market transactions or recent representative bids, a Fund will value such securities in good faith in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
In the event that application of the methods of valuation discussed above result in a price for a security which is deemed not to be representative of the fair market value of such security, the security will be valued by, under the direction of or in accordance with a method specified by a Fund’s Board as reflecting fair value. All other assets and liabilities (including securities for which market quotations are not readily available) held by a Fund (including restricted securities) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by a Fund’s Board or by BlackRock (its delegate) pursuant to the Valuation Procedures.
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Any assets and liabilities which are denominated in a foreign currency are converted into U.S. dollars at the prevailing rates of exchange at such times as may be determined by a Fund from time to time.
Certain of the securities acquired by a Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges or over-the-counter markets on days on which a Fund’s net asset value is not calculated. In such cases, the net asset value of a Fund’s shares may be significantly affected on days when investors can neither purchase nor redeem shares of a Fund.
Use of fair value prices and certain current market valuations could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate a Fund’s NAV and the prices used in the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between a Fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Fair Value. When market quotations are not readily available or are believed in good faith by BlackRock to be unreliable, a Fund’s investments are valued at fair value (“Fair Value Assets”). Fair Value Assets are valued by BlackRock in accordance with the Valuation Procedures. BlackRock may reasonably conclude that a market quotation is not readily available or is unreliable if, among other things, a security or other asset or liability does not have a price source due to its lack of trading, if BlackRock believes in good faith that a market quotation from a broker-dealer or other source is unreliable (e.g., where it varies significantly from a recent trade, or no longer reflects the fair value of the security or other asset or liability subsequent to the most recent market quotation), where the security or other asset or liability is only thinly traded or due to the occurrence of a significant event subsequent to the most recent market quotation. For this purpose, a “significant event” is deemed to occur if BlackRock determines, in its reasonable business judgment, that an event has occurred after the close of trading for an asset or liability but prior to or at the time of pricing a Fund’s assets or liabilities, and that the event is likely to cause a material change to the closing market price of the assets or liabilities held by a Fund. Non-U.S. securities whose values are affected by volatility that occurs in U.S. markets for related or highly correlated assets (e.g., ADRs, GDRs or ETFs) on a trading day after the close of non-U.S. securities markets may be fair valued. On any date the NYSE is open and a foreign market or the primary exchange on which a foreign asset or liability is traded is closed, such asset or liability will be valued using the prior day’s price, provided that BlackRock is not aware of any significant event or other information that would cause such price to no longer reflect the fair value of the asset or liability, in which case such asset or liability would be treated as a Fair Value Asset.
BlackRock, with input from the BlackRock Investment Strategy Group, will submit its recommendations regarding the valuation and/or valuation methodologies for Fair Value Assets to BlackRock’s Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee may accept, modify or reject any recommendations. In addition, a Fund’s accounting agent periodically endeavors to confirm the prices it receives from all third-party pricing services, index providers and broker-dealers, and, with the assistance of BlackRock, to regularly evaluate the values assigned to the securities and other assets and liabilities held by a Fund. The pricing of all Fair Value Assets is subsequently reported to and, where appropriate, ratified by the Board.
When determining the price for a Fair Value Asset, the BlackRock Valuation Committee (or BlackRock’s Pricing Group) will seek to determine the price that a Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of that asset or liability in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what a Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. Fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that the Valuation Committee (or Pricing Group) deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third party valuation models.
Fair value represents a good faith approximation of the value of an asset or liability. When determining fair value of an asset, one or more of a variety of fair valuation methodologies may be used (depending on factors including the asset type). For example, the asset may be priced on the basis of the original cost of the investment or, alternatively, using proprietary or third-party models (including models that rely upon direct portfolio management pricing inputs and which reflect the significance attributed to the various factors and assumptions being considered). Prices of actual, executed or historical transactions in the relevant asset and/or liability (or related or comparable assets and/or liabilities) or, where appropriate, an appraisal by a third party experienced in the valuation of similar assets and/or liabilities, may also be used as a basis for establishing the fair value of an asset or liability. The fair value of one or more assets or liabilities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets or liabilities could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining a Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
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Each Fund’s annual audited financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), follow the requirements for valuation set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), which defines and establishes a framework for measuring fair value under US GAAP and expands financial statement disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements. Generally, ASC 820 and other accounting rules applicable to funds and various assets in which they invest are evolving. Such changes may adversely affect a Fund. For example, the evolution of rules governing the determination of the fair market value of assets or liabilities to the extent such rules become more stringent would tend to increase the cost and/or reduce the availability of third-party determinations of fair market value. This may in turn increase the costs associated with selling assets or affect their liquidity due to a Fund’s inability to obtain a third-party determination of fair market value.
Brokerage Transactions
BFA assumes general supervision over placing orders on behalf of each Fund for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities. In selecting brokers or dealers for any transaction in portfolio securities, BFA’s policy is to make such selection based on factors deemed relevant, including but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the reasonableness of the commission or mark-up or mark-down, if any, execution capability, settlement capability, back office efficiency and the financial condition of the broker or dealer, both for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. The overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid is evaluated by BFA based upon its knowledge of available information as to the general level of commissions paid by other institutional investors for comparable services. Brokers may also be selected because of their expertise in certain markets or with certain securities, or their ability to handle special or difficult executions, such as may be involved in large block trades, less liquid securities, broad distributions, or other circumstances. BFA does not consider the provision or value of research, products or services a broker or dealer may provide, if any, as a factor in the selection of a broker or dealer or the determination of the reasonableness of commissions paid in connection with portfolio transactions. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that prohibit the consideration of sales of a Fund’s shares as a factor in the selection of a broker or a dealer to execute its portfolio transactions.
The table below sets forth the brokerage commissions paid by each Fund for the fiscal years noted. Any differences in brokerage commissions paid by a Fund from year to year are due to increases or decreases in that Fund’s assets over those periods:
Fund   Fund Inception Date   Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 2013
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 2012
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 2011
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF   11/12/07   $ 2,242   $ 1,336   $ 1,814
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF   01/29/01   50,579   255,463   91,250
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF   06/12/00   4,581   5,428   7,206
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF   11/12/07   930   1,767   1,283
iShares Core High Dividend ETF   03/29/11   99,489   52,262   98
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF   05/01/07   494   932   1,115
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF   11/12/07   87,790   28,057   25,234
iShares International Select Dividend ETF   06/11/07   245,477   161,914   103,744
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF   06/28/04   17,338   11,458   3,183
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF   06/28/04   12,466   7,833   3,336
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF   06/28/04   13,177   10,959   6,041
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF   06/28/04   19,357   9,755   2,514
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF   06/28/04   13,162   9,754   1,117
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF   06/28/04   12,724   9,340   4,130
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF   06/28/04   28,215   21,514   6,362
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF   06/28/04   12,912   12,181   2,345
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Fund   Fund Inception Date   Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 2013
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 2012
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended April 30, 2011
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF   06/28/04   31,711   22,317   10,605
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF   05/01/07   188,428   105,063   44,392
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF   11/14/06   1,003   1,269   3,840
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF   01/24/05   1,867   1,549   9,524
iShares North America Real Estate ETF   11/12/07   546   709   871
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF   05/01/07   1,626   2,504   2,242
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF   05/01/07   3,711   6,045   2,071
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF   05/01/07   947   1,743   551
iShares Select Dividend ETF   11/03/03   255,459   355,519   378,450
iShares Transportation Average ETF   10/06/03   40,824   79,714   35,339
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF   05/01/06   987   1,669   4,028
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF   06/12/00   4,273   17,008   8,496
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   05/01/06   16,065   7,744   11,102
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF   06/12/00   4,222   5,206   4,656
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF   06/12/00   1,440   1,284   2,265
iShares U.S. Energy ETF   06/12/00   16,422   31,510   15,864
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   06/12/00   4,071   2,557   3,542
iShares U.S. Financials ETF   05/22/00   7,108   5,726   9,364
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF   06/12/00   4,641   7,800   8,020
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF   05/01/06   3,070   10,266   4,692
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF   05/01/06   64,479   4,907   21,368
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF   06/12/00   3,446   5,727   3,669
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF   05/01/06   1,061   819   1,683
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF   05/01/06   1,254   15,288   21,609
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF   05/01/06   4,023   10,921   24,232
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF   05/01/06   866   9,261   25,153
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF   05/01/06   17,735   13,095   17,196
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF   06/12/00   191,079   174,179   198,117
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   05/01/06   11,294   4,882   5,622
iShares U.S. Technology ETF   05/15/00   7,972   36,153   21,589
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF   05/22/00   69,473   98,435   132,748
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF   06/12/00   17,136   16,989   16,282
The Funds did not pay any brokerage commissions to BlackRock, an affiliate of BFA, and a subsidiary of BTC, during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013.
The following table sets forth the names of the Funds’ “regular” broker-dealers, as defined under Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act, which derive more than 15% of their gross revenues from securities-related activities and in which the Funds invest, together with the market value of each investment as of the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013:
Fund   Issuer   Market Value
of Investment
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF   J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   $ 7,941,384
    Citigroup, Inc.   6,002,249
    Bank of America Corp.   5,638,522
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   2,705,070
    Morgan Stanley   1,282,662
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF   J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   $11,762,204
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Fund   Issuer   Market Value
of Investment
    Citigroup, Inc.   8,890,643
    Bank of America Corp.   8,351,966
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   4,007,869
    Morgan Stanley   1,906,761
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   $ 6,576,948
    Morgan Stanley   5,941,494
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   $ 47,912,127
    Citigroup, Inc.   36,215,626
    Bank of America Corp.   34,021,467
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   16,326,682
    Morgan Stanley   7,768,027
iShares U.S. Financials ETF   J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   $ 54,246,081
    Citigroup, Inc.   41,003,455
    Bank of America Corp.   38,519,172
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   18,485,012
    Morgan Stanley   8,793,705
The Funds' purchase and sale orders for securities may be combined with those of other investment companies, clients or accounts that BFA or its affiliates manage or advise and for which they have brokerage placement authority. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Funds and one or more other accounts managed or advised by BFA or its affiliates are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the Funds and the other accounts in a manner deemed equitable to all by BFA and its affiliates. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as the Funds are concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower transaction costs will be beneficial to the Funds. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest. BFA and its affiliates may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions. The Funds will not deal with affiliates in principal transactions unless permitted by applicable SEC rules or regulations, or by SEC exemptive order.
Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates may result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses.
The table below sets forth the portfolio turnover rates of each Fund for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fiscal Year ended April 30, 2013   Fiscal Year ended April 30, 2012
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF   15%   11%
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF   11%   16%
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF   7%   5%
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF   14%   13%
iShares Core High Dividend ETF   43%   28%
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF   15%   15%
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF   16%   11%
iShares International Select Dividend ETF   24%   28%
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF   63%   33%
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF   42%   28%
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF   45%   30%
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF   90%   53%
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF   73%   45%
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF   66%   50%
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Fund   Fiscal Year ended April 30, 2013   Fiscal Year ended April 30, 2012
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF   98%   62%
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF   81%   68%
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF   69%   52%
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF   44%   79%
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF   11%   9%
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF   34%   20%
iShares North America Real Estate ETF   11%   9%
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF   13%   19%
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF   14%   28%
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF   16%   24%
iShares Select Dividend ETF   13%   16%
iShares Transportation Average ETF   12%   25%
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF   26%   16%
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF   8%   11%
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   39%   20%
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF   7%   6%
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF   9%   5%
iShares U.S. Energy ETF   9%   8%
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   5%   4%
iShares U.S. Financials ETF   10%   6%
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF   6%   7%
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF   18%   23%
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF   17%   10%
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF   7%   6%
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF   18%   11%
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF   9%   20%
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF   13%   13%
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF   17%   13%
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF   24%   18%
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF   16%   14%
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   8%   7%
iShares U.S. Technology ETF   5%   6%
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF   40%   25%
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF   5%   6%
Additional Information Concerning the Trust
Shares. The Trust currently consists of more than 235 separate investment series or portfolios called funds. The Trust issues shares of beneficial interests in the funds with no par value. The Board may designate additional iShares funds.
Each share issued by a fund has a pro rata interest in the assets of that fund. Shares have no preemptive, exchange, subscription or conversion rights and are freely transferable. Each share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by the Board with respect to the relevant fund, and in the net distributable assets of such fund on liquidation.
Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which the shareholder is entitled to vote. In any matter submitted to shareholders for a vote, each fund shall hold a separate vote, provided that shareholders of all affected funds will vote together when: (1) required by the 1940 Act, or (2) the Trustees determine that the matter affects the interests of more than one fund.
Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. The policy of the Trust is not to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940
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Act. All shares (regardless of the fund) have noncumulative voting rights in the election of members of the Board. Under Delaware law, Trustees of the Trust may be removed by vote of the shareholders.
Following the creation of the initial Creation Unit(s) of shares of a fund and immediately prior to the commencement of trading in such fund’s shares, a holder of shares may be a “control person” of the fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. A fund cannot predict the length of time for which one or more shareholders may remain a control person of the fund.
In accordance with the Trust's Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 17, 2009 (the “Declaration of Trust”), the Board may, without shareholder approval (unless such shareholder approval is required by applicable law, including the 1940 Act), cause one or more funds commencing operations after September 24, 2008 (each, a “New Fund”) to merge, reorganize, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of their assets, or take other similar actions with, to or into another New Fund.
Shareholders may make inquiries by writing to iShares Trust, c/o BlackRock Investments, LLC, 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310.
Absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, beneficial owners of more than 5% of the shares of a fund may be subject to the reporting provisions of Section 13 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. In addition, absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, officers and trustees of a fund and beneficial owners of 10% of the shares of a fund (“Insiders”) may be subject to the insider reporting, short-swing profit and short sale provisions of Section 16 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. Beneficial owners and Insiders should consult with their own legal counsel concerning their obligations under Sections 13 and 16 of the 1934 Act.
Termination of the Trust or a Fund.  The Trust or a Fund may be terminated by a majority vote of the Board, subject to the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders of the Trust or such Fund entitled to vote on termination; however, in certain circumstances described in the Declaration of Trust, only a majority vote of the Board is required. Although the shares are not automatically redeemable upon the occurrence of any specific event, the Declaration of Trust provides that the Board will have the unrestricted power to alter the number of shares in a Creation Unit. In the event of a termination of the Trust or a Fund, the Board, in its sole discretion, could determine to permit the shares to be redeemable in aggregations smaller than Creation Units or to be individually redeemable. In such circumstance, the Trust may make redemptions in-kind, for cash or for a combination of cash or securities.
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds.  Shares of each Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.
DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (“DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities’ certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE, the NYSE Amex Equities and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”).
Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the shares of each Fund held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice,
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statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares of the Trust. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in shares of each Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants. DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to shares of the Trust at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units
General.  The Trust issues and sells shares of each Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor or its agent, without a sales load, at a price based on the NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined below), of an order received by the Distributor or its agent in proper form. The following table sets forth the number of shares of a Fund that constitute a Creation Unit for such Fund and the value of such Creation Unit as of May 31, 2013:
Fund   Shares Per
Creation Unit
  Value Per
Creation
Unit (U.S.$)
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF   100,000   $ 3,343,000
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF   50,000   4,127,000
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF   50,000   4,116,000
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF   50,000   1,611,500
iShares Core High Dividend ETF   50,000   3,350,500
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF   50,000   1,567,500
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF   100,000   3,315,000
iShares International Select Dividend ETF   50,000   1,688,000
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF   50,000   4,856,500
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF   50,000   4,220,500
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF   50,000   3,702,000
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF   50,000   5,705,500
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF   50,000   6,129,000
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF   50,000   4,941,000
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF   50,000   5,578,500
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF   50,000   5,420,000
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF   50,000   5,284,000
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF   50,000   687,500
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF   50,000   3,059,500
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF   50,000   3,442,000
iShares North America Real Estate ETF   50,000   2,540,000
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF   50,000   2,098,500
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF   50,000   2,568,500
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF   50,000   1,922,000
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Fund   Shares Per
Creation Unit
  Value Per
Creation
Unit (U.S.$)
iShares Select Dividend ETF   50,000   3,230,500
iShares Transportation Average ETF   50,000   5,621,500
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF   50,000   4,017,500
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF   50,000   3,597,000
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   50,000   1,508,000
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF   50,000   4,359,500
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF   50,000   5,113,000
iShares U.S. Energy ETF   50,000   2,290,000
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   50,000   3,634,000
iShares U.S. Financials ETF   50,000   3,632,000
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF   50,000   5,060,500
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF   50,000   4,132,500
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF   50,000   1,217,000
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF   50,000   4,237,500
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF   50,000   2,028,000
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF   50,000   3,953,500
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF   50,000   3,731,000
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF   50,000   2,881,000
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF   50,000   5,039,500
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF   50,000   3,433,000
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   50,000   1,423,500
iShares U.S. Technology ETF   50,000   3,837,000
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF   50,000   1,310,500
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF   50,000   4,709,500
The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of shares outstanding of any Fund, and to make a corresponding change in the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit, in the event that the per share price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Board.
A “Business Day” with respect to each Fund is any day on which the Listing Exchange on which the Fund is listed for trading is open for business. As of the date of this SAI, each Listing Exchange observes the following holidays, as observed: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of Creation Units of a Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) (“Deposit Securities”) and the Cash Component computed as described below. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which, when combined with the Fund's portfolio securities, is designed to generate performance that has a collective investment profile similar to that of the Underlying Index. The Fund Deposit represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of each applicable Fund.
The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the “Deposit Amount,” which is an amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities, and serves to compensate for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount. Payment of any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities are the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing the Creation Unit.
BFA makes available through the NSCC on each Business Day prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange, the list of names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security and the amount of the Cash Component to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information as of the end of the previous Business Day for each Fund). Such Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, to purchases of Creation Units of shares of a given Fund until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit is made available.
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The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities change pursuant to changes in the composition of a Fund's portfolio and as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by BFA with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities constituting the relevant Underlying Index.
The Funds reserve the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through DTC. The Funds also reserve the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which (i) the delivery of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under applicable securities or other local laws or (ii) the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under applicable securities or other local laws, or in certain other situations.
Cash Purchase Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a partial or full cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser.
Role of the Authorized Participant. Creation Units may be purchased only by or through a DTC Participant that has entered into an authorized participant agreement with the Distributor (an “Authorized Participant”). Such Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of such authorized participant agreement and on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that such Authorized Participant will make available in advance of each purchase of shares an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component, once the net asset value of a Creation Unit is next determined after receipt of the purchase order in proper form, together with the transaction fees described below. An Authorized Participant, acting on behalf of an investor, may require the investor to enter into an agreement with such Authorized Participant with respect to certain matters, including payment of the Cash Component. Investors who are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not be a DTC Participant or may not have executed an authorized participant agreement and that orders to purchase Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant. As a result, purchase orders placed through an Authorized Participant may result in additional charges to such investor. The Trust does not expect to enter into an authorized participant agreement with more than a small number of DTC Participants. A list of current Authorized Participants may be obtained from the Distributor.
Purchase Orders.  To initiate an order for a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit to the Distributor or its agent an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day to receive that day’s NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Funds may require orders for Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. The Distributor or its agent will notify BFA and the custodian of such order. The custodian will then provide such information to any appropriate sub-custodian. Procedures and requirements governing the delivery of the Fund Deposit are set forth in the procedures handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a creation request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request. Those placing orders to purchase Creation Units through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Distributor or its agent by the Cutoff Time (as defined below) on such Business Day.
The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the contractual settlement date, by means satisfactory to the Funds, immediately available or same day funds estimated by the Funds to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component next determined after acceptance of the purchase order, together with the applicable purchase transaction fees. Any excess funds will be returned following settlement of the issue of the Creation Unit. Those placing orders should ascertain the applicable deadline for cash transfers by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effectuating the transfer of the Cash Component. This deadline is likely to be significantly earlier than the Cutoff Time of the Funds. Investors should be aware that an Authorized Participant may require orders for purchases of shares placed with it to be in the particular form required by the individual Authorized Participant.
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The Authorized Participant is responsible for any and all expenses and costs incurred by a Fund, including any applicable cash amounts, in connection with any purchase order.
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Creation Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor or its agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement, as described below. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or its agent or an Authorized Participant. Orders to create shares of a Fund that are submitted on the Business Day immediately preceding a holiday or a day (other than a weekend) when the equity markets in the relevant non-U.S. market are closed may not be accepted. Each Fund's deadline specified above for the submission of purchase orders is referred to as that Fund's “Cutoff Time.” The Distributor or its agent, in their discretion, may permit the submission of such orders and requests by or through an Authorized Participant at any time (including on days on which the Listing Exchange is not open for business) via communication through the facilities of the Distributor's or its agent's proprietary website maintained for this purpose. Purchase orders and redemption requests, if accepted by the Trust, will be processed based on the NAV next determined after such acceptance in accordance with each Fund's Cutoff Times as provided in the authorized participant agreement and disclosed in this SAI.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units.  Subject to the conditions that (i) an irrevocable purchase order has been submitted by the Authorized Participant (either on its own or another investor's behalf) and (ii) arrangements satisfactory to the Funds are in place for payment of the Cash Component and any other cash amounts which may be due, the Funds will accept the order, subject to each Fund's right (and the right of the Distributor and BFA) to reject any order until acceptance, as set forth below.
Once a Fund has accepted an order, upon the next determination of the net asset value of the shares, the Fund will confirm the issuance of a Creation Unit, against receipt of payment, at such net asset value. The Distributor or its agent will then transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.
Each Fund reserves the absolute right to reject or revoke a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor or its agent if (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (iii) the Deposit Securities delivered do not conform to the identity and number of shares specified, as described above; (iv) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (vi) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the discretion of the Fund or BFA, have an adverse effect on the Fund or the rights of beneficial owners; or (vii) circumstances outside the control of the Fund, the Distributor or its agent and BFA make it impracticable to process purchase orders. The Distributor or its agent shall notify a prospective purchaser of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such purchaser of its rejection of such order. The Funds, State Street, the sub-custodian and the Distributor or its agent are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification.
Issuance of a Creation Unit.  Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the applicable Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the custodian that the securities included in the Fund Deposit (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Distributor or its agent and BFA shall be notified of such delivery and the applicable Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit. Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+3 basis” (i.e., three Business Days after trade date). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than T+3 in order to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (i.e., the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security) and in certain other circumstances.
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor, each Fund will issue Creation Units to such Authorized Participant, notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Fund Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion,
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of the value of the missing Deposit Securities in accordance with the Funds' then-effective procedures. The only collateral that is acceptable to the Funds is cash in U.S. dollars. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on the contractual settlement date. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. Information concerning the Funds' current procedures for collateralization of missing Deposit Securities is available from the Distributor or its agent. The authorized participant agreement will permit the Funds to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Funds of purchasing such securities and the cash collateral.
In certain cases, Authorized Participants may create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date and in these instances, the Funds reserve the right to settle these transactions on a net basis or require a representation from the Authorized Participants that the creation and redemption transactions are for separate beneficial owners. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by each Fund and the Fund's determination shall be final and binding.
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions.  A standard creation transaction fee is imposed to offset the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The standard creation transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant creates a Creation Unit, and is the same, regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by the Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Deposit Securities to the Funds. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard creation transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations*
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF   $ 3,000   3.0%
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF   250   3.0%
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF   3,000   3.0%
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF   2,700   3.0%
iShares Core High Dividend ETF   250   3.0%
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF   250   3.0%
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF   4,000   3.0%
iShares International Select Dividend ETF   2,000   3.0%
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF   250   3.0%
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF   250   3.0%
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF   250   3.0%
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF   500   3.0%
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF   500   3.0%
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF   500   3.0%
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF   650   3.0%
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF   600   3.0%
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF   600   3.0%
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF   250   3.0%
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF   1,000   3.0%
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF   350   3.0%
iShares North America Real Estate ETF   650   3.0%
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF   250   3.0%
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF   250   3.0%
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF   250   3.0%
iShares Select Dividend ETF   250   3.0%
iShares Transportation Average ETF   250   3.0%
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Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations*
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF   300   3.0%
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF   450   3.0%
iShares U.S. Energy ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   300   3.0%
iShares U.S. Financials ETF   650   3.0%
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF   300   3.0%
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF   600   3.0%
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Technology ETF   350   3.0%
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF   250   3.0%
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF   250   3.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit.
Redemption of Creation Units.  Shares of a Fund may be redeemed by Authorized Participants only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Distributor or its agent and only on a Business Day. The Funds will not redeem shares in amounts less than Creation Units. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the secondary market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a Creation Unit that could be redeemed by an Authorized Participant. Beneficial owners also may sell shares in the secondary market.
Each Fund generally redeems Creation Units for Fund Securities. Please see the Cash Redemption Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the in-kind method for further information on redeeming Creation Units of the Funds.
BFA makes available through the NSCC, prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange on each Business Day, the designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”), and an amount of cash (the “Cash Amount,” as described below). Such Fund Securities and the corresponding Cash Amount (each subject to possible amendment or correction) are applicable, in order to effect redemptions of Creation Units of a Fund until such time as the next announced composition of the Fund Securities and Cash Amount is made available. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units.
Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for a Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of Fund Securities, plus the Cash Amount, which is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the shares being redeemed, as next determined after the receipt of a redemption request in proper form, and the value of Fund Securities, less a redemption transaction fee (as described below).
The Trust may, in its sole discretion, substitute a “cash in lieu” amount to replace any Fund Security. The amount of cash paid out in such cases will be equivalent to the value of the substituted security listed as a Fund Security. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the difference is
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required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Each Fund generally redeems Creation Units for Fund Securities, but the Funds reserve the right to utilize a cash option for redemption of Creation Units.
Cash Redemption Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions thereof. In the case of partial or full cash redemption, the Authorized Participant receives the cash equivalent of the Fund Securities it would otherwise receive through an in-kind redemption, plus the same Cash Amount to be paid to an in-kind redeemer.
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions.  A standard redemption transaction fee is imposed to offset transfer and other transaction costs that may be incurred by the relevant Fund. The standard redemption transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant redeems a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by an Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from a Fund to their account on their order. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to dispose of Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard redemption transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Redemption
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Redemptions*
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF   $ 3,000   2.0%
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF   250   2.0%
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF   3,000   2.0%
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF   2,700   2.0%
iShares Core High Dividend ETF   250   2.0%
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF   250   2.0%
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF   4,000   2.0%
iShares International Select Dividend ETF   2,000   2.0%
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF   250   2.0%
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF   250   2.0%
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF   250   2.0%
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF   500   2.0%
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF   500   2.0%
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF   500   2.0%
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF   650   2.0%
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF   600   2.0%
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF   600   2.0%
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF   250   2.0%
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF   1,000   2.0%
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF   350   2.0%
iShares North America Real Estate ETF   650   2.0%
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF   250   2.0%
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF   250   2.0%
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF   250   2.0%
iShares Select Dividend ETF   250   2.0%
iShares Transportation Average ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF   300   2.0%
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF   450   2.0%
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Fund   Standard Redemption
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Redemptions*
iShares U.S. Energy ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   300   2.0%
iShares U.S. Financials ETF   650   2.0%
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF   300   2.0%
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF   600   2.0%
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Technology ETF   350   2.0%
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF   250   2.0%
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF   250   2.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit, inclusive of the standard redemption transaction fee.
Placement of Redemption Orders. Redemption requests for Creation Units of the Funds must be submitted to the Distributor or its agent by or through an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable request to redeem shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a redemption request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request.
The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption in the form required by the Funds to the Distributor or its agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an authorized participant agreement and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an authorized participant agreement. At any time, only a limited number of broker-dealers will have an authorized participant agreement in effect. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the shares to the Funds' transfer agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Funds' transfer agent the Creation Unit redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the Listing Exchange closing time on any Business Day, (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the applicable Fund is received by the Distributor or its agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified above and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement are properly followed. If the transfer agent does not receive the investor's shares through DTC's facilities by 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Business Day next following the day that the redemption request is received, the redemption request shall be rejected. Investors should be aware that the deadline for such transfers of shares through the DTC system may be significantly earlier than the close of business on the Listing Exchange. Those making redemption requests should ascertain the deadline applicable to transfers of shares through the DTC system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effecting the transfer of the shares.
Upon receiving a redemption request, the Distributor or its agent shall notify the applicable Fund and the Fund's transfer agent of such redemption request. The tender of an investor's shares for redemption and the distribution of the securities and/or cash included in the redemption payment made in respect of Creation Units redeemed will be made through DTC and the relevant Authorized Participant to the Beneficial Owner thereof as recorded on the book-entry system of DTC or the DTC
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Participant through which such investor holds, as the case may be, or by such other means specified by the Authorized Participant submitting the redemption request.
A redeeming Beneficial Owner or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Beneficial Owner must maintain appropriate security arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the portfolio securities are customarily traded, to which account such portfolio securities will be delivered.
Deliveries of redemption proceeds by the Funds generally will be made within three Business Days (i.e., “T+3”). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle redemption transactions and deliver redemption proceeds on another basis to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (i.e., the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold) and in certain other circumstances. The Regular Holidays section hereto identifies the instances, if any, where more than seven days would be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Pursuant to an order of the SEC, the Trust will make delivery of redemption proceeds within the number of days stated in the Regular Holidays section to be the maximum number of days necessary to deliver redemption proceeds.
If neither the redeeming Beneficial Owner nor the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such redeeming Beneficial Owner has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of Fund Securities in the applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of Fund Securities in such jurisdiction, a Fund may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming Beneficial Owner will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In such case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the net asset value of its shares based on the NAV of the relevant Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charges specified above to offset the Fund's brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and each Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Fund cannot lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or cannot do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws.
Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit cash redemptions of Creation Units, in the event that cash redemptions are permitted or required by the Trust, proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming shares as soon as practicable after the date of redemption (within seven calendar days thereafter, except for the instances listed in the Regular Holidays section in which more than seven calendar days would be needed).
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor or its agent, in the event an Authorized Participant has submitted a redemption request in proper form but is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to the Fund, at or prior to 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Listing Exchange business day after the date of submission of such redemption request, the Distributor or its agent will accept the redemption request in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing shares as soon as possible. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash, in U.S. dollars in immediately available funds, having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing shares. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the day after the date of submission of such redemption request and shall be held by State Street and marked-to-market daily. The fees of State Street and any sub-custodians in respect of the delivery, maintenance and redelivery of the cash collateral shall be payable by the Authorized Participant. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. The authorized participant agreement permits the Funds to acquire shares of the Funds at any time and subjects the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the aggregate of the cost to the Funds of purchasing such shares, plus the value of the Cash Amount, and the value of the cash collateral.
Because the portfolio securities of a Fund may trade on exchange(s) on days that the Listing Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for such Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of such Fund, or purchase or sell shares of such Fund on the Listing Exchange on days when the NAV of such a Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets.
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The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to any Fund: (i) for any period during which the applicable Listing Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the applicable Listing Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund's portfolio securities or determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units.  An Authorized Participant generally will recognize either gain or loss upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units. This gain or loss is calculated by taking the market value of the Creation Units purchased over the Authorized Participant’s aggregate basis in the Deposit Securities exchanged therefor. However, the IRS may apply the wash sales rules to determine that any loss realized upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units is not currently deductible. Authorized Participants should consult their own tax advisors.
Current U.S. federal tax laws dictate that capital gain or loss realized from the redemption of Creation Units will generally create long-term capital gain or loss if the Authorized Participant holds the Creation Units for more than one year, or short-term capital gain or loss if the Creation Units were held for one year or less, if the Creation Units are held as capital assets.
Regular Holidays. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable non-U.S. market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a non-U.S. market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within the normal settlement period.
The securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming investors, coupled with non-U.S. market holiday schedules, will require a delivery process longer than seven calendar days, in certain circumstances. The holidays applicable to each Fund during such periods are listed below, as are instances where more than seven days will be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed below for each Fund. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local securities delivery practices, could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.
In calendar years 2013 and 2014, the dates of regular holidays affecting the relevant securities markets in which a Fund invests are as follows (please note these holiday schedules are subject to potential changes in the relevant securities markets):
2013
Australia
January 1 April 1 June 10 November 5
January 28 April 25 August 5 December 25
March 4 May 6 August 14 December 26
March 11 May 20 September 30  
March 29 June 3 October 7  
    
Austria
January 1 May 9 November 1 December 31
March 29 May 20 December 24  
April 1 May 30 December 25  
May 1 August 15 December 26  
Belgium
January 1 May 9 November 1  
March 29 May 10 November 11  
April 1 May 20 December 25  
May 1 August 15 December 26  
    
Bermuda
January 1 August 1 December 25  
March 29 August 2 December 26  
May 24 September 2    
June 10 November 11    
    
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Brazil
January 1 March 29 November 15 December 31
January 25 May 1 November 20  
February 11 May 30 December 24  
February 12 July 9 December 25  
    
Canada
January 1 May 20 September 2 December 26
January 2 June 24 October 14  
February 18 July 1 November 11  
March 29 August 5 December 25  
    
Chile
January 1 May 27 November 1  
March 29 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
May 21 September 19    
    
China
January 1 February 14 May 7 October 3
January 21 February 15 May 27 October 4
February 7 February 18 July 4 October 7
February 8 May 1 September 2 October 14
February 11 May 2 September 30 November 11
February 12 May 3 October 1 November 28
February 13 May 6 October 2 December 25
    
The Czech Republic
January 1 July 5 December 26  
April 1 October 28 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
May 8 December 25    
    
Denmark
January 1 April 26 December 24  
March 28 May 9 December 25  
March 29 May 20 December 26  
April 1 June 5 December 31  
    
Egypt
January 1 May 5 August 8 October 16
January 7 May 6 August 11 November 4
January 24 July 1 October 6 November 5
April 25 July 23 October 14  
May 1 August 7 October 15  
The Egyptian market is closed every Friday.
Finland
January 1 May 9 December 25  
March 29 June 21 December 26  
April 1 December 6 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
    
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
March 29 May 9 December 25  
April 1 August 15 December 26  
May 1 November 1    
    
Germany
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 25
February 11 May 9 October 3 December 26
March 29 May 20 November 1 December 31
April 1 May 30 December 24  
    
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Greece
January 1 April 1 June 24 December 26
March 18 May 1 August 15  
March 25 May 3 October 28  
March 29 May 6 December 25  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 4 September 20 December 26
February 11 May 1 October 1 December 31
February 12 May 17 October 14  
March 29 June 12 December 24  
April 1 July 1 December 25  
    
Hungary
January 1 May 20 November 1  
March 15 August 19 December 24  
April 1 August 20 December 25  
May 1 October 23 December 26  
    
India
January 25 April 20 August 10 November 4
January 26 April 23 August 15 November 5
March 27 May 1 August 22 November 14
March 29 May 25 September 9 November 15
April 1 June 29 September 30 December 25
April 11 July 1 October 2  
April 19 August 9 October 16  
    
Indonesia
January 1 May 9 August 12 December 24
January 25 June 7 August 13 December 25
March 12 August 7 October 15 December 26
March 29 August 8 November 4 December 30
April 11 August 9 November 5 December 31
    
Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 28 December 27
March 18 May 6 December 24  
March 29 June 3 December 25  
April 1 August 5 December 26  
Israel
February 24 April 14 September 4 September 19
March 25 April 15 September 5 September 25
March 26 May 14 September 6 September 26
March 31 May 15 September 13  
April 1 July 16 September 18  
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
Italy
January 1 May 1 December 25  
March 29 August 15 December 26  
April 1 November 1 December 31  
April 25 December 24    
    
Japan
January 1 February 11 May 6 October 14
January 2 March 20 July 15 November 4
January 3 April 29 September 16 December 23
January 14 May 3 September 23 December 31
    
Luxembourg
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 25
March 29 May 9 November 1 December 26
April 1 May 20 December 24  
    
Malaysia
January 1 May 1 June 1 October 15
January 24 May 24 August 7 November 4
February 1 May 25 August 8 November 5
February 11 May 30 August 9 December 25
February 12 May 31 August 31  
    
The Netherlands
January 1 April 30 May 20  
March 29 May 1 December 25  
April 1 May 9 December 26  
    
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New Zealand
January 1 February 6 June 3  
January 2 March 29 October 28  
January 21 April 1 December 25  
January 28 April 25 December 26  
    
Norway
January 1 May 1 December 24  
March 28 May 9 December 25  
March 29 May 17 December 26  
April 1 May 20 December 31  
    
The Philippines
January 1 April 8 August 8 December 24
February 25 May 1 August 9 December 25
March 28 May 13 August 21 December 30
March 29 June 12 November 1 December 31
    
Poland
January 1 May 3 November 11  
March 29 May 30 December 25  
April 1 August 15 December 26  
May 1 November 1    
    
Portugal
January 1 April 25 June 13 December 25
February 12 May 1 August 15 December 26
March 29 May 30 November 1  
April 1 June 10 December 24  
    
Singapore
January 1 May 24 November 2  
February 11 May 25 November 4  
February 12 August 8 December 25  
March 29 August 9    
May 1 October 15    
    
South Africa
January 1 May 1 December 16  
March 21 June 17 December 25  
March 29 August 9 December 26  
April 1 September 24    
South Korea
January 1 May 17 September 19  
February 11 June 6 September 20  
March 1 July 17 October 3  
April 5 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
    
Spain
January 1 March 29 May 15 December 25
January 7 April 1 August 15 December 26
March 19 May 1 November 1  
March 28 May 2 December 6  
    
Sweden
January 1 May 9 December 25  
March 29 June 6 December 26  
April 1 June 21 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
    
Switzerland
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 2 May 9 September 5 December 31
March 19 May 20 November 1  
March 29 May 30 December 24  
April 1 August 1 December 25  
    
Taiwan
January 1 February 12 April 4 October 10
February 7 February 13 May 1  
February 8 February 14 June 12  
February 11 February 28 September 19  
    
Thailand
January 1 April 16 July 1 December 5
February 25 May 1 July 23 December 10
April 8 May 6 August 12 December 31
April 15 May 27 October 23  
    
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Turkey
January 1 August 9 October 16 October 29
April 23 August 30 October 17  
August 7 October 14 October 18  
August 8 October 15 October 28  
The United Kingdom
January 1 May 6 December 25  
March 29 May 27 December 26  
April 1 August 26    
2014
Australia
January 1 April 21 June 9 November 4
January 27 April 25 August 4 December 25
March 3 May 5 August 13 December 26
March 10 May 19 September 29  
April 18 June 2 October 6  
    
Austria
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 December 8 December 31
April 18 June 9 December 24  
April 21 June 19 December 25  
    
Belgium
January 1 May 29 August 15  
April 18 May 30 November 11  
April 21 June 9 December 25  
May 1 July 21 December 26  
    
Bermuda
January 1 July 31 December 25  
April 18 August 1 December 26  
May 26 September 1    
June 16 November 11    
    
Brazil
January 1 April 18 July 9 December 31
January 20 April 21 November 20  
March 3 May 1 December 24  
March 4 June 19 December 25  
Canada
January 1 May 19 September 1 December 26
January 2 June 24 October 13  
February 17 July 1 November 11  
April 18 August 4 December 25  
    
Chile
January 1 June 16 December 8  
April 18 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
May 21 September 19    
    
China
January 1 February 6 May 7 October 6
January 20 February 7 May 26 October 7
January 30 February 17 July 4 October 13
January 31 May 1 September 1 November 11
February 3 May 2 October 1 November 27
February 4 May 5 October 2 December 25
February 5 May 6 October 3  
    
The Czech Republic
January 1 October 28 December 26  
April 21 November 17 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
May 8 December 25    
    
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Denmark
January 1 May 16 December 24  
April 17 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 5 December 26  
April 21 June 9 December 31  
    
Egypt
January 1 April 21 July 28 October 6
January 7 May 1 July 29  
January 13 July 1 July 30  
April 20 July 23 October 5  
The Egyptian market is closed every Friday.
Finland
January 1 May 1 December 25  
January 6 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 20 December 31  
April 21 December 24    
    
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
April 18 May 29 December 25  
April 21 July 14 December 26  
May 1 August 15    
    
Germany
April 6 December 25    
April 9 December 26    
May 1      
    
Greece
January 1 April 18 August 15  
January 6 April 21 October 28  
March 3 May 1 December 25  
March 25 June 9 December 26  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 21 July 1 December 24
January30 May 1 September 9 December 25
January 31 May 6 October 1 December 26
April 18 June 2 October 2 December 31
Hungary
January 1 June 9 December 24  
April 21 August 20 December 25  
May 1 October 23 December 26  
May 2 October 24    
    
India
January 14 April 18 August 15 October 6
February 27 May 1 August 18 October 23
March 17 May 14 August 23 November 4
March 31 June 30 August 29 November 6
April 1 July 1 September 30 December 25
April 8 July 29 October 2  
April 14 July 30 October 3  
    
Indonesia
January 1 May 15 July 30 December 24
January 13 May 26 July 31 December 25
January 31 May 29 August 1 December 26
March 31 July 28 August 18 December 31
April 18 July 29 October 6  
    
Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 27 December 29
March 17 May 5 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 4 December 26  
    
Israel
March 16 May 4 September 24 October 9
April 14 May 5 September 25 October 15
April 15 June 3 September 26 October 16
April 20 June 4 October 3  
April 21 August 5 October 8  
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
Italy
January 1 April 25 December 8 December 31
January 6 May 1 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 15 December 26  
    
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Japan
January 1 February 11 July 21 November 3
January 2 March 21 September 15 November 24
January 3 April 29 September 23 December 23
January 13 May 5 October 13 December 31
    
Luxembourg
January 1 May 1 June 23 December 25
April 18 May 29 August 15 December 26
April 21 June 9 December 24  
    
Malaysia
January 1 February 3 June 7 October 6
January 14 May 1 July 28 October 22
January 30 May 13 July 29 October 23
January 31 May 15 July 30 October 25
February 1 May 30 September 1 December 25
    
The Netherlands
January 1 April 30 June 9  
April 18 May 1 December 25  
April 21 May 29 December 26  
    
New Zealand
January 1 February 6 June 2  
January 2 April 18 October 27  
January 20 April 21 December 25  
January 27 April 25 December 26  
    
Norway
January 1 May 1 December 25  
April 17 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 9 December 31  
April 21 December 24    
    
The Philippines
January 1 April 18 July 29 December 30
February 25 May 1 August 21 December 31
April 7 June 12 December 24  
April 17 July 28 December 25  
    
Poland
January 1 May 1 November 11  
April 18 June 19 December 25  
April 21 August 15 December 26  
    
Portugal
January 1 April 25 June 19 December 24
March 4 May 1 August 15 December 25
April 18 June 10 December 1 December 26
April 21 June 13 December 8  
    
Singapore
January 1 May 1 August 9 December 25
January 31 May 13 October 6  
February 1 May 15 October 22  
April 18 July 28 October 23  
    
South Africa
January 1 April 28 December 16  
March 21 May 1 December 25  
April 18 June 16 December 26  
April 21 September 24    
    
South Korea
January 1 March 1 August 15 October 3
January 30 May 5 September 7 December 24
January 31 May 6 September 8  
February 1 June 6 September 9  
    
Spain
January 1 April 21 July 25 December 25
January 6 May 1 August 15 December 26
April 17 May 2 September 9  
April 18 May 15 December 8  
    
Sweden
January 1 May 1 December 24  
January 6 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 6 December 26  
April 21 June 20 December 31  
    
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Switzerland
January 1 April 21 August 1 December 25
January 2 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 September 11 December 31
March 19 June 9 December 8  
April 18 June 19 December 24  
    
Taiwan
January 1 January 31 May 1  
January 28 February 3 September 8  
January 29 February 4 October 10  
January 30 February 28    
    
Thailand
January 1 April 15 July 1 December 5
February 14 May 1 July 14 December 10
April 7 May 5 August 12  
April 14 May 14 October 23  
Turkey
January 1 July 28 October 3 October 28
April 23 July 29 October 6 October 29
May 19 July 30 October 7  
    
The United Kingdom
January 1 May 5 December 25  
April 18 May 26 December 26  
April 21 August 25    
       
Redemptions.  The longest redemption cycle for a Fund is a function of the longest redemption cycle among the countries whose stocks comprise the Fund. In calendar years 2013 and 2014, the dates of regular holidays affecting the following securities markets present the worst-case redemption cycles* for a Fund as follows:
2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Austria   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
China   02/04/13   02/19/13   15
    02/05/13   02/20/13   15
    02/06/13   02/21/13   15
    04/26/13   05/08/13   12
    04/29/13   05/09/13   10
    04/30/13   05/10/13   10
    09/25/13   10/08/13   13
    09/26/13   10/09/13   13
    09/27/13   10/10/13   13
             
The Czech Republic   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Denmark   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
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2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Egypt   10/08/13   10/17/13   9
    10/09/13   10/18/13   9
    10/10/13   10/21/13   11
    10/29/13   11/06/13   8
    10/30/13   11/07/13   8
    10/31/13   11/08/13   8
    12/31/13   01/08/14   8
             
Finland   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Germany   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Hungary   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
             
Indonesia   08/02/13   08/14/13   12
    08/05/13   08/15/13   10
    08/06/13   08/16/13   10
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   01/02/14   13
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Ireland   12/19/13   12/30/13   11
    12/20/13   12/31/13   11
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Italy   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Japan   12/26/13   01/06/14   11
    12/27/13   01/07/14   11
    12/30/13   01/08/14   9
             
Luxembourg   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
             
Malaysia   08/02/13   08/12/13   10
    08/05/13   08/13/13   8
    08/06/13   08/14/13   8
             
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2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Norway   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
The Philippines   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/26/13   01/03/14   8
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
             
Portugal   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
             
South Africa   03/14/13   03/22/13   8
    03/15/13   03/25/13   10
    03/18/13   03/26/13   8
    03/19/13   03/27/13   8
    03/20/13   03/28/13   8
    03/22/13   04/02/13   11
    03/25/13   04/03/13   8
    03/26/13   04/04/13   8
    03/27/13   04/05/13   8
    03/28/13   04/08/13   11
    04/24/13   05/02/13   8
    04/25/13   05/03/13   8
    04/26/13   05/06/13   10
    04/29/13   05/07/13   8
    04/30/13   05/08/13   8
    06/10/13   06/18/13   8
    06/11/13   06/19/13   8
    06/12/13   06/20/13   8
    06/13/13   06/21/13   8
    06/14/13   06/24/13   10
    08/02/13   08/12/13   10
    08/05/13   08/13/13   8
    08/06/13   08/14/13   8
    08/07/13   08/15/13   8
    08/08/13   08/16/13   8
    09/17/13   09/25/13   8
    09/18/13   09/26/13   8
    09/19/13   09/27/13   8
    09/20/13   09/30/13   10
    09/23/13   10/01/13   8
    12/11/13   12/19/13   8
    12/12/13   12/20/13   8
    12/13/13   12/23/13   10
    12/18/13   12/27/13   9
    12/19/13   12/30/13   11
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2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/20/13   12/31/13   11
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/24/13   01/03/14   10
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/30/13   01/07/14   8
    12/31/13   01/08/14   8
             
Spain   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
             
Sweden   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
             
Switzerland   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/03/14   11
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/30/13   01/07/14   8
             
Taiwan   02/05/13   02/15/13   10
    02/06/13   02/18/13   12
             
Turkey   10/10/13   10/21/13   11
    10/11/13   10/22/13   11
    
2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Austria   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
China   01/27/14   02/10/14   14
    01/28/14   02/11/14   14
    01/29/14   02/12/14   14
    04/28/14   05/08/14   10
    04/29/14   05/09/14   10
    04/30/14   05/12/14   12
    09/26/14   10/08/14   12
    09/29/14   10/09/14   10
    09/30/14   10/10/14   10
             
The Czech Republic   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Denmark   04/14/14   04/23/14   8
    04/15/14   04/24/14   8
    04/16/14   04/25/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Egypt   01/06/14   01/14/14   8
    04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    04/17/14   04/27/14   10
    07/21/14   07/31/14   10
    07/22/14   08/03/14   12
    07/24/14   08/04/14   11
    09/29/14   10/07/14   8
    09/30/14   10/08/14   8
    10/01/14   10/09/14   8
    10/02/14   10/12/14   10
             
Finland   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Indonesia   07/23/14   08/04/14   12
    07/24/14   08/05/14   12
    07/25/14   08/06/14   12
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   11
             
Ireland   12/23/14   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Italy   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Japan   12/26/14   01/05/15   10
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
    12/30/14   01/07/15   8
             
Malaysia   01/27/14   02/04/14   8
    01/28/14   02/05/14   8
    01/29/14   02/06/14   8
    07/23/14   07/31/14   8
    07/24/14   08/01/14   8
    07/25/14   08/04/14   10
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
             
Norway   04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
The Philippines   12/23/14   01/02/15   10
    12/26/14   01/05/15   10
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
             
Portugal   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
             
South Africa   03/14/14   03/24/14   10
    03/17/14   03/25/14   8
    03/18/14   03/26/14   8
    03/19/14   03/27/14   8
    03/20/14   03/28/14   8
    04/11/14   04/22/14   9
    04/14/14   04/23/14   9
    04/15/14   04/24/14   9
    04/16/14   04/25/14   9
    04/17/14   04/29/14   12
    04/22/14   04/30/14   8
    04/23/14   05/02/14   9
    04/24/14   05/05/14   11
    04/25/14   05/06/14   11
    04/29/14   05/07/14   8
    04/30/14   05/08/14   8
    06/09/14   06/17/14   8
    06/10/14   06/18/14   8
    06/11/14   06/19/14   8
    06/12/14   06/20/14   8
    06/13/14   06/23/14   10
    09/17/14   09/25/14   8
    09/18/14   09/26/14   8
    09/19/14   09/29/14   10
    09/22/14   09/30/14   8
    09/23/14   10/01/14   8
    12/09/14   12/17/14   8
    12/10/14   12/18/14   8
    12/11/14   12/19/14   8
    12/12/14   12/22/14   10
    12/15/14   12/23/14   8
    12/18/14   12/29/14   11
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
    12/14/14   01/05/15   12
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
    12/30/14   01/07/15   8
    12/31/14   01/08/15   8
             
Spain   04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
             
Sweden   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
             
Switzerland   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/05/14   13
    12/29/14   01/06/14   8
    12/30/14   01/07/14   8
             
Taiwan   01/24/14   02/05/14   12
    01/27/14   02/06/14   10

* These worst-case redemption cycles are based on information regarding regular holidays, which may be out of date. Based on changes in holidays, longer (worse) redemption cycles are possible.
Taxes
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of a Fund. This summary does not address all of the potential U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to a Fund or to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special tax rules. Current and prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of investing in a Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications.  Each Fund intends to continue to qualify for treatment as a separate RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, each Fund must annually distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes dividends, interest and net short-term capital gains) and meet several other requirements. Among such other requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of each Fund’s annual gross income must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or non-U.S. currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income); and (ii) at the close of each quarter of each Fund's taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of each Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited for purposes of this calculation in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of each Fund's total assets may be invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of
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other RICs) of any one issuer, of two or more issuers of which 20% or more of the voting stock is held by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly-traded partnerships.
A Fund may be able to cure a failure to derive 90% of its income from the sources specified above or a failure to diversify its holdings in the manner described above by paying a tax and/or by disposing of certain assets. If, in any taxable year, a Fund fails one of these tests and does not timely cure the failure, that Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by that Fund in computing its taxable income.
Although, in general, the passive loss rules of the Internal Revenue Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships. A Fund's investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly-traded partnerships, may result in the Fund being subject to state, local, or non-U.S. income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
Taxation of RICs.  As a RIC, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, a Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., income other than its net realized long-term capital gain over its net realized short-term capital loss), plus or minus certain adjustments, and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. A Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders. If a Fund fails to qualify for any taxable year as a RIC or fails to meet the distribution requirement, all of its taxable income will be subject to tax at regular corporate income tax rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. In such event, distributions to individuals should be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income and distributions to corporate shareholders generally should be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Although each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and its capital gains for each taxable year, each Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a RIC. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the Fund had been liquidated) if it qualifies as a RIC in a subsequent year.
Excise Tax. A Fund will be subject to a 4% excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the 12 months ended October 31 of such year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by a Fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. Each Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of this 4% excise tax.
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards.  Net capital loss carryforwards may be applied against any net realized capital gains in each succeeding year, until they have been reduced to zero or until their respective expiration dates, whichever occurs first. Capital loss carryforwards from taxable years beginning after 2010 are not subject to expiration, and short-term and long-term capital loss carryforwards from such taxable years may only be applied against net realized short-term and long-term capital gains, respectively.
In the event that a Fund were to experience an ownership change as defined under the Internal Revenue Code, the Fund’s loss carryforwards and other favorable tax attributes of a Fund, if any, may be subject to limitation.
The following Funds had tax basis net capital loss carryforwards as of April 30, 2013, the tax year-end for the Funds listed:
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Fund   Non-Expiring 1   Expiring
2014
  Expiring
2015
  Expiring
2016
  Expiring
2017
  Expiring
2018
  Expiring
2019
  Total
iShares Asia Developed Real Estate ETF   $ 1,414,693   $   $   $   $ 157,999   $ 1,651,814   $ 824,377   $ 4,048,883
iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF   35,345,009         195,808,359   96,413,332     327,566,700
iShares Dow Jones U.S. ETF   7,901,046         12,857,723   29,445,888   2,653,096   52,857,753
iShares Europe Developed Real Estate ETF   450,496         102,293   616,993   495,537   1,665,319
iShares Core High Dividend ETF   1,830,619               1,830,619
iShares Industrial/Office Real Estate Capped ETF   5,001       5,621   10,926   1,226,322     1,247,870
iShares International Developed Real Estate ETF   9,516,625         743,329   9,938,969   6,772,206   26,971,129
iShares International Select Dividend ETF   16,699,782         4,619,093   17,794,089     39,112,964
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap ETF             27,726,200     27,726,200
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Growth ETF   23,875,944   754,949   3,087,927   881,226   27,706,178   66,358,290   982,680   123,647,194
iShares Morningstar Large-Cap Value ETF   1,608,032   35,116   468,973   672,390   19,478,955   36,252,824   5,511,604   64,027,894
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap ETF             19,135,502     19,135,502
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Growth ETF   1,074,957       170,812   27,347,957   89,015,622   3,999,375   121,608,723
iShares Morningstar Mid-Cap Value ETF           6,135,743   16,451,751     22,587,494
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap ETF   2,771,152           21,697,098     24,468,250
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Growth ETF   714,840         1,189,003   16,153,299     18,057,142
iShares Morningstar Small-Cap Value ETF             11,749,387     11,749,387
iShares Mortgage Real Estate Capped ETF           4,187,735   15,084,868   204,938   19,477,541
iShares MSCI KLD 400 Social ETF             4,296,102   374,960   4,671,062
iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF           426,933   15,576,262   74,125   16,077,320
iShares North America Real Estate ETF   286,121         25,690   385,640   190,195   887,646
iShares Real Estate 50 ETF             2,829,746     2,829,746
iShares Residential Real Estate Capped ETF             1,917,472   206,372   2,123,844
iShares Retail Real Estate Capped ETF             1,094,459   29,985   1,124,444
iShares Select Dividend ETF           729,101,111   1,654,618,293     2,383,719,404
iShares Transportation Average ETF   20,489,119   1,535,209   781,024     10,444,516   3,834,866   4,851,034   41,935,768
iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF   6,920,829     218,173   257,417   9,600,011   18,274,518   1,447,425   36,718,373
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Fund   Non-Expiring 1   Expiring
2014
  Expiring
2015
  Expiring
2016
  Expiring
2017
  Expiring
2018
  Expiring
2019
  Total
iShares U.S. Basic Materials ETF   8,197,039     2,027,542   2,533,237   8,036,664   10,812,780   64,751   31,672,013
iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   7,431,215     203,587   7,089,008   31,804,022   17,785,438   2,266,806   66,580,076
iShares U.S. Consumer Goods ETF   3,464,840   6,571,402   1,320,322     1,597,881   11,893,780     24,848,225
iShares U.S. Consumer Services ETF   6,235,460   2,292,509   183,523     3,693,668   6,983,187   1,146,492   20,534,839
iShares U.S. Energy ETF   3,740,853     712,195     17,026,947   47,146,200   10,785,190   79,411,385
iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   9,969,670       1,046,051   40,231,342   41,743,037   6,373,191   99,363,291
iShares U.S. Financials ETF   6,056,072     38,903   2,428,708   50,933,047   52,510,524     111,967,254
iShares U.S. Healthcare ETF   2,832,855   519,297   3,188,912   2,321,632   1,325,798   8,036,854   2,243,166   20,468,514
iShares U.S. Healthcare Providers ETF           872,179   6,657,015    
7,529,194
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF   5,200,493       4,410,404   24,583,851   146,896,099   7,844,464   188,935,311
iShares U.S. Industrials ETF   3,629,379     230,285     276,129   9,045,831     13,181,624
iShares U.S. Insurance ETF   1,712,473     83,550   25,936   11,890,168   2,305,872   2,460,926   18,478,925
iShares U.S. Medical Devices ETF   3,286,183     42,150   610,958   6,007,659   19,646,702   6,907,841   36,501,493
iShares U.S. Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF   4,989,777     115,443   413,565   1,593,277   9,040,459   7,967,383   24,119,904
iShares U.S. Oil Equipment & Services ETF   10,833,421         1,460,417   57,694,132   23,866,864   93,854,834
iShares U.S. Pharmaceuticals ETF         248,439   89,576   487,890     825,905
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF             23,640,196     23,640,196
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   9,319,639     47,538   94,893   14,260,731   19,012,829   1,225,053   43,960,683
iShares U.S. Technology ETF   23,856,923   3,556,590   5,706,797   4,320,339   10,350,313   19,733,772   6,381,458   73,906,192
iShares U.S. Telecommunications ETF   3,394,841     3,799,540     37,556,483   109,926,562   30,701,158   185,378,584
iShares U.S. Utilities ETF   6,239,813     4,406,966     345,393   18,294,046   5,497,127   34,783,345

1 Must be utilized prior to losses subject to expiration.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends and other distributions by a Fund are generally treated under the Internal Revenue Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or distribution declared by a Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month shall be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year and to have been paid by the Fund not later than such December 31, provided such dividend is actually paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year.
Each Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if a Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will designate such retained amounts as
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undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.
Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that a Fund reports as capital gains dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. All other dividends of a Fund (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current and accumulated earnings and profits (“regular dividends”) are generally subject to tax as ordinary income, subject to the discussion of qualified dividend income below. Beginning in 2013, individuals with income over $400,000 ($450,000 if married filing jointly), adjusted annually for inflation, are subject to a 20% tax on any income in excess of those amounts that is long-term capital gain or qualified dividend income, and generally all other long-term capital gain is taxed at 15% (0% at certain income levels). In addition, the top marginal ordinary income tax rate is 39.6% for income in excess of the above thresholds.
If an individual receives a regular dividend qualifying for the long-term capital gains rates and such dividend constitutes an “extraordinary dividend,” and the individual subsequently recognizes a loss on the sale or exchange of stock in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term capital loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An “extraordinary dividend” on common stock for this purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 10% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period, or (ii) in an amount greater than 20% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.
Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds shares of the Fund as capital assets). Distributions in excess of the Fund’s minimum distribution requirements, but not in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits, will be taxable to shareholders and will not constitute nontaxable returns of capital. Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount. Dividends paid by a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by a Fund from domestic corporations may qualify for the federal dividends received deduction for corporations.
A 3.8% U.S. federal Medicare contribution tax is imposed on net investment income, including, but not limited to, interest, dividends, and net gain from investments, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married and filing jointly) and of estates and trusts.
Investors considering buying shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them. If a Fund is the holder of record of any security on the record date for any dividends payable with respect to such security, such dividends will be included in the Fund’s gross income not as of the date received but as of the later of (a) the date such security became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends (i.e., the date on which a buyer of the security would not be entitled to receive the declared, but unpaid, dividends); or (b) the date the Fund acquired such security. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, a Fund may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.
In certain situations, a Fund may, for a taxable year, defer all or a portion of its net capital loss realized after October and its late-year ordinary loss (defined as the excess of a Fund’s post-October foreign currency and “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) losses and other post-December ordinary losses over post-October foreign currency and PFIC gains and other post-December ordinary income) until the next taxable year in computing its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, which will defer the recognition of such realized losses. Such deferrals and other rules regarding gains and losses realized after October (or December) may affect the tax character of shareholder distributions.
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Sales of Shares.  Upon the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund. A redemption of shares by a Fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the Funds, by, or by an option on, substantially identical shares within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder with respect to such share. The Medicare contribution tax described above will apply to the sale of Fund shares.
If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of a Fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then, on or before January 31 of the following calendar year, acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain/loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis of the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents shareholders from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting their investments within a family of mutual funds.
Back-Up Withholding.  In certain cases, a Fund will be required to withhold at a 28% rate and remit to the U.S. Treasury such amounts withheld from any distributions paid to a shareholder who: (i) has failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number; (ii) is subject to back-up withholding by the IRS; (iii) has failed to certify to a Fund that such shareholder is not subject to back-up withholding; or (iv) has not certified that such shareholder is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). Back-up withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability.
Sections 351 and 362.  The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, has the right to reject an order for a purchase of shares of the Fund if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of a given Fund and if, pursuant to Sections 351 and 362 of the Internal Revenue Code, that Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. If a Fund’s basis in such securities on the date of deposit was less than market value on such date, the Fund, upon disposition of the securities, would recognize more taxable gain or less taxable loss than if its basis in the securities had been equal to market value. It is not anticipated that the Trust will exercise the right of rejection except in a case where the Trust determines that accepting the order could result in material adverse tax consequences to a Fund or its shareholders. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.
Taxation of Certain Derivatives. A Fund’s transactions in zero coupon securities, non-U.S. currencies, forward contracts, options and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on non-U.S. currencies), to the extent permitted, will be subject to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require a Fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year) and (b) may cause a Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. Each Fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any zero coupon security, non-U.S. currency, forward contract, option, futures contract or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC.
A Fund’s investments in so-called “Section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most non-U.S. currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most security indexes, are subject to special tax rules. All Section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair
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market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the Fund from positions in Section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the Fund.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, a Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. A Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, a Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.
Qualified Dividend Income.  Distributions by the Fund of investment company taxable income (including any short-term capital gains), whether received in cash or shares, will be taxable either as ordinary income or as qualified dividend income, which is eligible to be taxed at long-term capital gain rates to the extent the Fund receives qualified dividend income on the securities it holds and the Fund reports the distribution as qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable U.S. corporations (but generally not from U.S. REITs) and certain non-U.S. corporations (e.g., non-U.S. corporations that are not “passive foreign investment companies” and which are incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or the stock of which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States (where the dividends are paid with respect to such stock)). Under current IRS guidance, the United States has appropriate comprehensive income tax treaties with the following countries: Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China (but not with Hong Kong, which is treated as a separate jurisdiction for U.S. tax purposes), Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela. Substitute payments received by the Fund for securities lent out by the Fund will not be qualified dividend income.
A dividend from the Fund will not be treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that (i) the shareholder has not held the shares on which the dividend was paid for 61 days during the 121-day period that begins on the date that is 60 days before the date on which the shares become ex-dividend with respect to such dividend or the Fund fails to satisfy those holding period requirements with respect to the securities it holds that paid the dividends distributed to the shareholder (or, in the case of certain preferred stocks, the holding requirement of 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend); (ii) the Fund or the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property; or (iii) the shareholder elects to treat such dividend as investment income under Section 163(d)(4)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT or another RIC may be treated as qualified dividend income only to the extent the dividend distributions are attributable to qualified dividend income received by such REIT or other RIC. It is expected that dividends received by the Fund from a REIT and distributed to a shareholder generally will be taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income. Distributions by the Fund of its net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income.
If your Fund shares are loaned pursuant to securities lending arrangements, you may lose the ability to use any non-U.S. tax credits passed through by the Fund or to treat Fund dividends (paid while the shares are held by the borrower) as qualified dividends. Regarding a short sale with respect to shares of the Fund, substitute payments made to the lender of such shares may not be deductible under certain circumstances. Consult your financial intermediary or tax advisor.
Corporate Dividends Received Deduction. Dividends paid by a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations may qualify for the U.S. federal dividends received deduction for corporations. A 46-day minimum holding period during the 90-day period that begins 45 days prior to ex-dividend date (or 91-day minimum holding period
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during the 180 period beginning 90 days prior to ex-dividend date for certain preference dividends) during which risk of loss may not be diminished is required for the applicable shares, at both the Fund and shareholder level, for a dividend to be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Restrictions may apply if indebtedness, including a short sale, is attributable to the investment.
Excess Inclusion Income.  Under current law, the Funds serve to block unrelated business taxable income from being realized by their tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize unrelated business taxable income by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. Certain types of income received by a Fund from REITs, real estate mortgage investment conduits, taxable mortgage pools or other investments may cause the Fund to report some or all of its distributions as “excess inclusion income.” To Fund shareholders, such excess inclusion income may (i) constitute taxable income, as unrelated business taxable income for those shareholders who would otherwise be tax-exempt such as individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, Keogh plans, pension plans and certain charitable entities; (ii) not be offset by otherwise allowable deductions for tax purposes; (iii) not be eligible for reduced U.S. withholding for non-U.S. shareholders even from tax treaty countries; and (iv) cause the Fund to be subject to tax if certain “disqualified organizations,” as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, are Fund shareholders. If a charitable remainder annuity trust or a charitable remainder unitrust (each as defined in Section 664 of the Internal Revenue Code) has unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) for a taxable year, a 100% excise tax on the UBTI is imposed on the trust.
Non-U.S. Investments.  Under Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time a Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a non-U.S. currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. In general, gains (and losses) realized on debt instruments will be treated as Section 988 gain (or loss) to the extent attributable to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which the instruments are denominated. Similarly, gains or losses on non-U.S. currency, non-U.S. currency forward contracts and certain non-U.S. currency options or futures contracts denominated in non-U.S. currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss unless the Fund were to elect otherwise.
Each Fund, but in particular the Foreign Funds, may be subject to non-U.S. income taxes withheld at the source. Each Fund, if permitted to do so, may elect to “pass through” to its investors the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid by the Fund provided that the Fund held the security on the dividend settlement date and for at least 15 additional days immediately before and/or thereafter, with the result that each investor with respect to shares of the Fund held for a minimum 16-day holding period at the time of deemed distribution will (i) include in gross income, even though not actually received, the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes, and (ii) either deduct (in calculating U.S. taxable income) or credit (in calculating U.S. federal income tax) the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes. A non-U.S. person invested in a Fund in a year that the Fund elects to “pass through” its non-U.S. taxes may be treated as receiving additional dividend income subject to U.S. withholding tax. A non-U.S. tax credit may not exceed the investor’s U.S. federal income tax otherwise payable with respect to the investor’s non-U.S. source income. For this purpose, shareholders must treat as non-U.S. source gross income (i) their proportionate shares of non-U.S. taxes paid by the Fund and (ii) the portion of any dividend paid by the Fund that represents income derived from non-U.S. sources; the Fund’s gain from the sale of securities will generally be treated as U.S.-source income. Certain limitations will be imposed to the extent to which the non-U.S. tax credit may be claimed.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies.  If a Fund purchases shares in PFICs, it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.
If a Fund were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Internal Revenue Code, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund might be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund, and such amounts would be subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. In order to make this election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain.
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Alternatively, a Fund may make a mark-to-market election that would result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased its PFIC stock at the end of each year. In such case, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct any such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. The election must be made separately for each PFIC owned by the Fund and, once made, would be effective for all subsequent taxable years, unless revoked with the consent of the IRS. By making the election, the Fund could potentially ameliorate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax.
A Fund will make the appropriate tax elections, if possible, and take any additional steps that are necessary to mitigate the effects of these rules.
Reporting.  If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Taxes.  Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and non-U.S. taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends paid by a Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term capital gains. Dividends paid by a Fund from net tax-exempt income or long-term capital gains are generally not subject to such withholding tax. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to back-up withholding at the appropriate rate.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, properly-reported dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, the Fund’s U.S. source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income) or (ii) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable year). However, depending on its circumstances, the Fund may report all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, distributions that the Fund reports as “short-term capital gain dividends” or “long-term capital gain dividends” will not be treated as such to a recipient foreign shareholder if the distribution is attributable to gain received from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property or an interest in a U.S. real property holding corporation and the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property exceeded certain levels. Instead, if the foreign shareholder has not owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of distribution, such distributions will be subject to 30% withholding by the Fund and will be treated as ordinary dividends to the foreign shareholder; if the foreign shareholder owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of
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the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of the distribution, such distribution will be treated as real property gain subject to 35% withholding tax and could subject the foreign shareholder to U.S. filing requirements. Additionally, if the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, a foreign shareholder realizing gains upon redemption from the Fund on or before December 31, 2013 could be subject to the 35% withholding tax and U.S. filing requirements unless more than 50% of the Fund’s shares were owned by U.S. persons at such time or unless the foreign person had not held more than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding shares throughout either such person’s holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years.
The rules laid out in the previous paragraph, other than the withholding rules, will apply notwithstanding the Fund’s participation in a wash sale transaction or its payment of a substitute dividend.
Provided that 50% or more of the value of the Fund’s stock is held by U.S. shareholders, distributions of U.S. real property interests (including securities in a U.S. real property holding corporation, unless such corporation is regularly traded on an established securities market and the Fund has held 5% or less of the outstanding shares of the corporation during the five-year period ending on the date of distribution) occurring on or before December 31, 2013, in redemption of a foreign shareholder’s shares of the Fund will cause the Fund to recognize gain. If the Fund is required to recognize gain, the amount of gain recognized will equal to the fair market value of such interests over the Fund’s adjusted bases to the extent of the greatest foreign ownership percentage of the Fund during the five-year period ending on the date of redemption.
A 30% withholding tax will be imposed on U.S.-source dividends, interest and other income items paid after June 30, 2014, and proceeds from the sale of property producing U.S.-source dividends and interest paid after December 31, 2016, to (i) foreign financial institutions, including non-U.S. investment funds, unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders; and (ii) certain other foreign entities, unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information, including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders; comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts; report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained; agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information; and determine certain other information as to their account holders, or (ii) in the event of an intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other foreign entities will need to provide the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership, unless certain exceptions apply, or agree to provide certain information to other revenue authorities for transmittal to the IRS.
Shares of a Fund held by a non-U.S. shareholder at death will be considered situated within the United States and subject to the U.S. estate tax.
The foregoing discussion is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations only and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of shares should consult their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of investing in such shares, including consequences under state, local and non-U.S. tax laws. Finally, the foregoing discussion is based on applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, judicial authority and administrative interpretations in effect on the date of this SAI. Changes in applicable authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed above, and such changes often occur.
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Financial Statements
Each Fund's audited Financial Statements, including the Financial Highlights, appearing in the Annual Report to Shareholders and the report therein of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, are hereby incorporated by reference in this SAI. The applicable Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the referenced audited financial statements, is available upon request and without charge.
Miscellaneous Information
Counsel. Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, located at 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019, is counsel to the Trust.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111, serves as the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, audits the Funds' financial statements, and may perform other services.
Shareholder Communications to the Board.  The Board has established a process for shareholders to communicate with the Board. Shareholders may contact the Board by mail. Correspondence should be addressed to iShares Board of Trustees, c/o BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. – Mutual Fund Administration, 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. Shareholder communications to the Board should include the following information: (i) the name and address of the shareholder; (ii) the number of shares owned by the shareholder; (iii) the Fund(s) of which the shareholder owns shares; and (iv) if these shares are owned indirectly through a broker, financial intermediary or other record owner, the name of the broker, financial intermediary or other record owner. All correspondence received as set forth above shall be reviewed by the Secretary of the Trust and reported to the Board.
Regulation Under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive.  The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”) imposes detailed and prescriptive obligations on fund managers established in the EU (“EU Operative Provisions”). These do not currently apply to managers established outside of the EU, such as BFA. Rather, non-EU managers are only required to comply with certain disclosure, reporting and transparency obligations of AIFMD (“AIFMD Disclosure Provisions”) if such managers market a fund to EU investors.
 Where the AIFMD Disclosure Provisions relate to EU Operative Provisions that do not apply to BFA, no meaningful disclosure can be made. These EU Operative Provisions include prescriptive rules on: measuring and capping leverage in line with known European standards; the treatment of investors; the use of 'depositaries'; and coverage for professional liability risks.
 AIFMD imposes certain conditions on the marketing of funds, such as the Funds, to EU investors. AIFMD requires that an ‘alternative investment fund manager’ (“AIFM”) be identified to meet such conditions where such marketing is sought. For these purposes BFA, as the legal entity responsible for performing the portfolio and risk management of the Funds, shall be the AIFM.
 AIFMD requires disclosure on an ongoing basis of certain information relating to the use of special arrangements, leverage, rights of reuse of collateral, guarantees granted under leverage arrangements and the use of gates, side pockets and similar liquidity management tools. Given that the Funds do not use any special arrangements or allow for collateral reuse, it is not intended that such disclosures will need to be made by the Funds. Each Fund will, however, to the extent relevant and appropriate, disclose in its annual report information on the Fund's leverage, risk profile and risk management systems employed by BFA. Each Fund will also disclose material changes, if any, to the liquidity management systems and procedures employed in respect of the Fund.
 BFA intends to market the following Funds to EU investors in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, and Luxembourg:
 iShares Select Dividend ETF
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF
iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF
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Investors’ Rights.  Each Fund relies on the services of its investment adviser and other service providers, including the distributor, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. Further information about the duties and roles of these service providers is set out in this SAI. Investors who acquire shares of a Fund are not parties to the relevant agreement with these service providers and do not have express contractual rights against the Fund or its service providers, except certain institutional investors that are Authorized Participants may have certain express contractual rights with respect to the Distributor under the terms of the relevant authorized participant agreement. Investors may have certain legal rights under federal or state law against a Fund or its service providers. In the event that an investor considers that it may have a claim against a Fund, or against any service provider in connection with its investment in the Fund, such investor should consult its own legal advisor.
By contract, Authorized Participants irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or U.S. federal court sitting in New York City over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the authorized participant agreement. Jurisdiction over other claims, whether by investors or Authorized Participants, will turn on the facts of the particular case and the law of the jurisdiction in which the proceeding is brought.
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iShares® Trust
Statement of Additional Information
Dated December 1, 2013
(as revised June 17, 2014)
This combined Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the current prospectuses (each, a “Prospectus” and collectively, the “Prospectuses”) for the following funds of iShares Trust (the “Trust”):
Fund   Ticker   Stock Exchange
iShares China Large-Cap ETF   FXI   NYSE Arca
iShares FTSE China ETF   FCHI   NASDAQ
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   EFA   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF   EFG   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF   EFAV   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   SCZ   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   EFV   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF   EUFN   NASDAQ
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF   FEFN   NASDAQ
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF   USMV   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF   MTUM   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF   QUAL   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF   SIZE   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF   VLUE   NYSE Arca
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF   IGE   NYSE Arca
iShares North American Tech ETF   IGM   NYSE Arca
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   IGN   NYSE Arca
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF   IGV   NYSE Arca
iShares NYSE 100 ETF   NY   NYSE Arca
iShares NYSE Composite ETF   NYC   NYSE Arca
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF   SOXX   NASDAQ
The Prospectuses for the above-listed funds (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) are dated December 1, 2013, as amended and supplemented from time to time. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the applicable Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. The Financial Statements and Notes contained in the applicable Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report of the Trust for the Funds are incorporated by reference into and are deemed to be part of this SAI. A copy of each Prospectus, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report for each Fund may be obtained without charge by writing to the Trust's distributor, BlackRock Investments, LLC (the “Distributor” or “BRIL”), 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310, calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or visiting www.iShares.com. Each Fund's Prospectus is incorporated by reference into this SAI.
iShares® is a registered trademark of BlackRock, Inc. or its affiliates.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
General Description of the Trust and its Funds 1
Exchange Listing and Trading 2
Investment Strategies and Risks 3
Borrowing 3
Currency Transactions 4
Diversification Status 5
Futures and Options 5
Illiquid Securities 6
Lending Portfolio Securities 6
Non-U.S. Securities 7
Options on Futures Contracts 8
Regulation Regarding Derivatives 8
Repurchase Agreements 9
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 9
Securities of Investment Companies 9
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments 10
Swap Agreements 10
Tracking Stocks 10
Future Developments 10
General Considerations and Risks 10
Borrowing Risk 10
Commodities Investment Risk 11
Custody Risk 11
Cyber Security Issues 12
Dividend Risk 12
Operational Risk 12
Risk of Derivatives 12
Risk of Equity Securities 12
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions 13
Risk of Investing in Mid-Capitalization Companies 13
Risk of Investing in Small-Capitalization Companies 13
Risk of Swap Agreements 14
Risk of Investing in Asia 14
Risk of Investing in Australasia 14
Risk of Investing in Brazil 15
Risk of Investing in Canada 15
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Risk of Investing in Central and South America 15
Risk of Investing in China 16
Risk of Investing in Eastern Europe 16
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets 17
Risk of Investing in Europe 18
Risk of Investing in Hong Kong 18
Risk of Investing in Japan 19
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities 19
Risk of Investing in North America 20
Risk of Investing in Sub-Saharan Africa 20
Risk of Investing in the United Kingdom 20
Risk of Investing in the United States 20
Risk of Investing in the Automotive Sub-Industry 20
Risk of Investing in the Basic Materials Industry Group 20
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group 20
Risk of Investing in the Chemicals Industry 21
Risk of Investing in the Commercial and Professional Services Industry Group 21
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Durables Industry Group 21
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Goods Industry 21
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Services Industry 22
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector 22
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector 22
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector 22
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector 23
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector 24
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector 24
Risk of Investing in the Insurance Industry Group 24
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector 24
Risk of Investing in the Media Industry Group 25
Risk of Investing in the Medical Equipment Industry Group 25
Risk of Investing in the Metals and Mining Industry 25
Risk of Investing in the Natural Resources Industry 25
Risk of Investing in the Oil and Gas Industry 25
Risk of Investing in the Pharmaceuticals Industry 26
Risk of Investing in the Real Estate Industry Group 26
Risk of Investing in the Retail Industry Group 27
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  Page
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector 27
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector 27
Risk of Investing in the Transportation Industry Group 27
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector 27
Proxy Voting Policy 28
Portfolio Holdings Information 29
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes 30
The FTSE Global Equity Index Series 30
FTSE China 25 Index 30
FTSE China (HK Listed) Index 31
The MSCI Indexes 33
MSCI EAFE Growth Index 35
MSCI EAFE Index 35
MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility (USD) Index 35
MSCI EAFE Small Cap Index 36
MSCI EAFE Value Index 36
MSCI Europe Financials Index 36
MSCI Far East Financials Index 36
MSCI USA Minimum Volatility (USD) Index 36
MSCI USA Momentum Index 37
MSCI USA Quality Index 37
MSCI USA Risk Weighted Index 37
MSCI USA Value Weighted Index 38
The NYSE Indexes 39
NYSE Composite Index® 39
NYSE U.S. 100 Index® 40
The PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index 40
The S&P Indexes 42
S&P North American Natural Resources Sector IndexTM 44
S&P North American Technology Sector IndexTM 44
S&P North American Technology Multimedia Networking IndexTM 45
S&P North American Technology Software IndexTM 45
Investment Limitations 45
Continuous Offering 50
Management 50
Trustees and Officers 50
Committees of the Board of Trustees 57
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  Page
Remuneration of Trustees 61
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities 64
Potential Conflicts of Interest 73
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services 79
Investment Adviser 79
Portfolio Managers 81
Codes of Ethics 86
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements 87
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent 87
Distributor 88
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates 89
Determination of Net Asset Value 90
Brokerage Transactions 92
Additional Information Concerning the Trust 97
Shares 97
Termination of the Trust or a Fund 98
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds 98
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units 99
General 99
Fund Deposit 99
Cash Purchase Method 100
Role of the Authorized Participant 100
Purchase Orders 100
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders 101
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units 101
Issuance of a Creation Unit 101
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions 102
Redemption of Creation Units 103
Cash Redemption Method 103
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions 103
Placement of Redemption Orders 104
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units 106
Regular Holidays 106
Redemptions 114
Taxes 119
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications 119
Taxation of RICs 120
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General Description of the Trust and its Funds
The Trust currently consists of more than 235 investment series or portfolios. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on December 16, 1999 and is authorized to have multiple series or portfolios. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act” or the “1940 Act”). The offering of the Trust’s shares is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). This SAI relates to the following Funds:
iShares China Large-Cap ETF1
iShares FTSE China ETF2
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF3
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF4
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF5
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF6
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF7
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF8
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF9
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF10
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF11
iShares North American Tech ETF12
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF13
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF14
iShares NYSE 100 ETF15
iShares NYSE Composite ETF16
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF17

1 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares FTSE China 25 Index Fund to the iShares China Large-Cap ETF.
2 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares FTSE China (HK Listed) Index Fund to the iShares FTSE China ETF.
3 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI EAFE Index Fund to the iShares MSCI EAFE ETF.
4 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI EAFE Growth Index Fund to the iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF.
5 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility Index Fund to the iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF.
6 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI EAFE Small Cap Index Fund to the iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF.
7 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI EAFE Value Index Fund to the iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF.
8 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Europe Financials Sector Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF.
9 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Far East Financials Sector Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF.
10 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility Index Fund to the iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF.
11 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P North American Natural Resources Sector Index Fund to the iShares North American Natural Resources ETF.
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12 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P North American Technology Sector Index Fund to the iShares North American Tech ETF.
13 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P North American Technology-Multimedia Networking Index Fund to the iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF.
14 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P North American Technology-Software Index Fund to the iShares North American Tech-Software ETF.
15 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares NYSE 100 Index Fund to the iShares NYSE 100 ETF.
16 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares NYSE Composite Index Fund to the iShares NYSE Composite ETF.
17 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares PHLX SOX Semiconductor Sector Index Fund to the iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF.
Each Fund is managed by BlackRock Fund Advisors (“BFA”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc., and generally seeks to track the investment results of the specific benchmark index identified in the applicable Prospectus for that Fund (each, an “Underlying Index”).
Each Fund offers and issues shares at their net asset value per share (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of shares (“Creation Unit”), generally in exchange for a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) included in its Underlying Index (the “Deposit Securities”), together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (the “Cash Component”). The shares described in the applicable Prospectus and in this SAI are listed for trading on national securities exchanges (a “Listing Exchange”) such as The NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) or NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca”). Shares of each Fund are traded in the secondary market and elsewhere at market prices that may be at, above or below the Fund's NAV. Shares are redeemable only in Creation Units, and, generally, in exchange for portfolio securities and a Cash Component. Creation Units typically are a specified number of shares, generally ranging from 50,000 to 600,000 or multiples thereof.
The Trust reserves the right to permit or require that creations and redemptions of shares are effected fully or partially in cash. Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities, subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain with the Trust a cash deposit, equal to at least 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change from time to time, of the market value of the omitted Deposit Securities. See the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Transaction fees and other costs associated with creations or redemptions that include a cash portion may be higher than the transaction fees and other costs associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. In all cases, conditions and fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of SEC rules and regulations applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.
Exchange Listing and Trading
A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in each Fund is contained in the Shareholder Information section of each Fund's Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, that section of the applicable Prospectus.
Shares of each Fund are listed for trading, and trade throughout the day, on the applicable Listing Exchange and other secondary markets. Shares of certain Funds may also be listed on certain non-U.S. exchanges. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Listing Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of shares of any Fund will continue to be met. The Listing Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the shares of a Fund from listing if (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of Fund shares, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of shares of the Fund for 30 or more consecutive trading days, (ii) the value of the Underlying Index on which the Fund is based is no longer calculated or available, (iii) the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available, or (iv) any other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Listing Exchange, makes further dealings on the Listing Exchange inadvisable. The Listing Exchange will also remove shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.
As in the case of other publicly-traded securities, when you buy or sell shares through a broker, you will incur a brokerage commission determined by that broker.
In order to provide additional information regarding the indicative value of shares of the Funds, the Listing Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, or through other widely disseminated means, an updated IOPV for the Funds as calculated by an information provider or
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market data vendor. The Trust is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IOPVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IOPVs.
An IOPV has an equity securities component and a cash component. The equity securities values included in an IOPV are the values of the Deposit Securities for a Fund. While the IOPV reflects the current value of the Deposit Securities required to be deposited in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, it does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time because the current portfolio of the Fund may include securities that are not a part of the current Deposit Securities. Therefore, a Fund’s IOPV disseminated during the Listing Exchange trading hours should not be viewed as a real-time update of the Fund’s NAV, which is calculated only once a day.
The cash component included in an IOPV consists of estimated accrued interest, dividends and other income, less expenses. If applicable, each IOPV also reflects changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the applicable currency.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the share prices of the Funds in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Funds or an investor's equity interest in the Funds.
Investment Strategies and Risks
Each Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in securities that comprise its relevant Underlying Index and through transactions that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund operates as an index fund and will not be actively managed. Adverse performance of a security in a Fund’s portfolio will ordinarily not result in the elimination of the security from the Fund’s portfolio.
Each Fund engages in representative sampling, which is investing in a sample of securities selected by BFA to have a collective investment profile similar to that of the Fund's Underlying Index. Securities selected have aggregate investment characteristics (based on market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability, earnings valuation and yield) and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. A fund that uses representative sampling generally does not hold all of the securities that are in its underlying index.
Although the Funds do not seek leveraged returns, certain instruments used by the Funds may have a leveraging effect as described below.
Borrowing.  Each Fund may borrow as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemptions or to facilitate the settlement of securities or other transactions. Under normal market conditions, any borrowing by a Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s net assets; however, each Fund generally does not intend to borrow money.
The purchase of securities while borrowings are outstanding may have the effect of leveraging a Fund. The incurrence of leverage increases a Fund’s exposure to risk, and borrowed funds are subject to interest costs that will reduce net income. Purchasing securities while borrowings are outstanding creates special risks, such as the potential for greater volatility in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the yield on a Fund’s portfolio. In addition, the interest expenses from borrowings may exceed the income generated by a Fund’s portfolio and, therefore, the amount available (if any) for distribution to shareholders as dividends may be reduced. BFA may determine to maintain outstanding borrowings if it expects that the benefits to a Fund’s shareholders will outweigh the current reduced return.
Certain types of borrowings by a Fund may result in a Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverage, portfolio composition requirements and other matters. It is not anticipated that observance of such covenants would impede BFA from managing a Fund’s portfolio in accordance with a Fund’s investment objectives and policies. However, a breach of any such covenants not cured within the specified cure period may result in acceleration of outstanding indebtedness and require a Fund to dispose of portfolio investments at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
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Currency Transactions. The Funds do not expect to engage in currency transactions for the purpose of hedging against declines in the value of the Funds' assets that are denominated in a non-U.S. currency. A Fund may enter into non-U.S. currency forward and non-U.S. currency futures contracts to facilitate local securities settlements or to protect against currency exposure in connection with its distributions to shareholders, but may not enter into such contracts for speculative purposes.
A forward currency contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract.
A currency futures contract is a contract involving an obligation to deliver or acquire the specified amount of a specific currency, at a specified price and at a specified future time. Currency futures contracts may be settled on a net cash payment basis rather than by the sale and delivery of the underlying currency. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
Foreign exchange transactions involve a significant degree of risk and the markets in which foreign exchange transactions are effected are highly volatile, highly specialized and highly technical. Significant changes, including changes in liquidity and prices, can occur in such markets within very short periods of time, often within minutes. Foreign exchange trading risks include, but are not limited to, exchange rate risk, counterparty risk, maturity gap, interest rate risk, and potential interference by foreign governments through regulation of local exchange markets, foreign investment or particular transactions in non-U.S. currency. If BFA utilizes foreign exchange transactions at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions, trends or correlations incorrectly, foreign exchange transactions may not serve their intended purpose of improving the correlation of a Fund's return with the performance of its Underlying Index and may lower the Fund’s return. Each Fund could experience losses if the value of its currency forwards, options and/or futures positions were poorly correlated with its other investments or if it could not close out its positions because of an illiquid market. In addition, a Fund could incur transaction costs, including trading commissions, in connection with certain non-U.S. currency transactions.
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Diversification Status.  The following table sets forth the diversification status of each Fund:
Diversified Funds   Non-Diversified Funds
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   iShares China Large-Cap ETF
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF   iShares FTSE China ETF
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF   iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF   iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF   iShares North American Natural Resources ETF
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF   iShares North American Tech ETF
iShares NYSE Composite ETF   iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF
iShares NYSE 100 ETF   iShares North American Tech-Software ETF
    iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF
With respect to 75% of a Fund's total assets, a “diversified” fund is limited by the 1940 Act such that it does not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one issuer and does not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer (excluding cash and cash items, government securities, and securities of other investment companies). The remaining 25% of the fund’s total assets may be invested in any manner.
 A “non-diversified” fund is a fund that is not limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. The securities of a particular issuer (or securities of issuers in particular industries) may dominate the underlying index of such a fund and, consequently, the fund’s investment portfolio. This may adversely affect the fund’s performance or subject the fund’s shares to greater price volatility than that experienced by more diversified investment companies.
Each Fund (whether diversified or non-diversified) intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”) and to relieve the Fund of any liability for U.S. federal income tax to the extent that its earnings are distributed to shareholders, provided that the Fund satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the Internal Revenue Code may limit the investment flexibility of certain Funds and may make it less likely that the Funds will meet their respective investment objectives.
Futures and Options. Futures contracts and options may be used by a Fund to simulate investment in its Underlying Index, to facilitate trading or to reduce transaction costs. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts and options that are traded on a U.S. or non-U.S. exchange. Each Fund will not use futures or options for speculative purposes. Each Fund intends to use futures and options in accordance with Rule 4.5 of the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”). The Trust, with respect to each Fund, has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” in accordance with Rule 4.5 so that the Trust, with respect to each Fund, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific instrument or index at a specified future time and at a specified price. Stock index contracts are based on investments that reflect the market value of common stock of the firms included in the investments. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts to purchase securities indexes when BFA anticipates purchasing the underlying securities and believes prices will rise before the purchase will be made. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
A call option gives a holder the right to purchase a specific security at a specified price (“exercise price”) within a specified period of time. A put option gives a holder the right to sell a specific security at a specified exercise price within a specified period of time. The initial purchaser of a call option pays the “writer” a premium, which is paid at the time of purchase and is retained by the writer whether or not such option is exercised. Each Fund may purchase put options to hedge its portfolio
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against the risk of a decline in the market value of securities held and may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities it is committed to purchase. Each Fund may write put and call options along with a long position in options to increase its ability to hedge against a change in the market value of the securities it holds or is committed to purchase. Investments in futures contracts and other investments that contain leverage may require each Fund to maintain liquid assets. Generally, each Fund maintains an amount of liquid assets equal to its obligations relative to the position involved, adjusted daily on a marked-to-market basis. With respect to futures contracts that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” each Fund maintains liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market obligation (i.e., each Fund’s daily net liability, if any), rather than the contracts’ notional value (i.e., the value of the underlying asset). By maintaining assets equal to its net obligation under cash-settled futures contracts, each Fund may employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund set aside assets equal to the futures contracts’ full notional value. Each Fund bases its asset maintenance policies on methods permitted by the staff of the SEC and may modify these policies in the future to comply with any changes in the guidance articulated from time to time by the SEC or its staff.
Illiquid Securities. Each Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment). Illiquid securities may include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets, as determined in accordance with SEC staff guidance. The liquidity of a security relates to the ability to readily dispose of the security and the price to be obtained upon disposition of the security, which may be lower than would be obtained for a comparable more liquid security. Illiquid securities may trade at a discount to comparable, more liquid investments and may impair a Fund’s ability to dispose of investments in a timely fashion at their expected price.
Lending Portfolio Securities. Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain borrowers determined to be creditworthy by BFA, including borrowers affiliated with BFA. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned. No securities loan shall be made on behalf of a Fund if, as a result, the aggregate value of all securities loans of the particular Fund exceeds one-third of the value of such Fund's total assets (including the value of the collateral received). A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. Each Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower may be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Funds are compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, a Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of each lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, including those affiliated with BFA; such investments are subject to investment risk.
Each Fund conducts its securities lending pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC permitting it to lend portfolio securities to borrowers affiliated with the Fund and to retain an affiliate of the Fund as lending agent. To the extent that a Fund engages in securities lending, BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. (“BTC”) acts as securities lending agent for the Fund, subject to the overall supervision of BFA. BTC administers the lending program in accordance with guidelines approved by the Trust's Board of Trustees (the “Board” or the “Trustees”).
Each Fund retains a portion of the securities lending income and remits a remaining portion to BTC as compensation for its services as securities lending agent. Securities lending income is equal to the total of income earned from the reinvestment of cash collateral (and excludes collateral investment fees as defined below), and any fees or other payments to and from borrowers of securities. As securities lending agent, BTC bears all operational costs directly related to securities lending. Each Fund is responsible for fees in connection with the investment of cash collateral received for securities on loan in a money market fund managed by BFA; however, BTC has agreed to reduce the amount of securities lending income it receives in order to effectively limit the collateral investment fees the Fund bears to an annual rate of 0.04% until December 31, 2014 and 0.05% thereafter (the “collateral investment fees”). Such money market fund shares will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee.
Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement: (i) All funds except for the iShares China Large-Cap ETF, the iShares FTSE China ETF, the iShares MSCI EAFE ETF, the iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF, the iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF, the iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF, the iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF, the iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF, and the iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF (“the Domestic Equity Funds”) retains 70% of securities lending income (which
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excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement: (i) The iShares China Large-Cap ETF, the iShares FTSE China ETF, the iShares MSCI EAFE ETF, the iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF, the iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF, the iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF, the iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF, the iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF, and the iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF (“the International Equity Funds”) retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, commencing January 1, 2015 International Equity Funds will retain 70% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Under the securities lending program the Funds are categorized into specific asset classes. The determination of a Fund’s asset class category (fixed income, domestic equity, international equity or fund-of-funds), each of which may be subject to a different fee arrangement, is based on a methodology agreed to between the Trust and BTC.
In addition, commencing the business day following the date that the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (as defined under “ManagementTrustees and Officers”) in a calendar year exceeds the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex in calendar year 2013 (the “Hurdle Date”) (or lesser amount as may be agreed to by the Funds and BTC), each Fund, pursuant to the securities lending agreement, will receive for the remainder of that calendar year securities lending income as follows:
Domestic Equity Fund
(i) 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
International Equity Funds
(i) 80% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, for the remainder of the calendar year following any Hurdle Date after January 1, 2015, International Equity Funds will retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees a Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, a Fund would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral or in recovering the loaned securities, or to a possible loss of rights in the collateral. In the event a borrower does not return a Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. This event could trigger adverse tax consequences for a Fund. A Fund could lose money if its short-term investment of the collateral declines in value over the period of the loan. Substitute payments for dividends received by a Fund for securities loaned out by the Fund will not be considered qualified dividend income. BTC will take into account the tax effects on shareholders of this difference in connection with a Fund’s securities lending program. Substitute payments received on tax-exempt securities loaned out will not be tax-exempt income.
Non-U.S. Securities. Each Fund may purchase publicly-traded common stocks of non-U.S. issuers. To the extent a Fund invests in stocks of non-U.S. issuers, certain of the Fund's investments in such stocks may be in the form of American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) (collectively, “Depositary Receipts”). Depositary Receipts are receipts, typically issued by a bank or trust issuer, which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For other forms of Depositary Receipts, the depository may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may be issued by a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer. Depositary Receipts are not necessarily denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs, issued in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, issued in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world.
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The Funds will not invest in any unlisted Depositary Receipt or any Depositary Receipt that BFA deems illiquid at the time of purchase or for which pricing information is not readily available. In general, Depositary Receipts must be sponsored, but a Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts under certain limited circumstances. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States. Therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may be no correlation between available information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts.
Investing in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. issuers. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in non-U.S. countries, and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to less governmental regulation than U.S. issuers. Moreover, individual non-U.S. economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product (“GDP”), rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions.
Options on Futures Contracts. An option on a futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account that represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential for loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option plus transaction costs. Because the value of the option is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option changes daily and that change would be reflected in the NAV of each Fund. The potential for loss related to writing call options is unlimited. The potential for loss related to writing put options is limited to the agreed upon price per share, also known as the “strike price,” less the premium received from writing the put.
Each Fund may purchase and write put and call options on futures contracts that are traded on an exchange as a hedge against changes in value of its portfolio securities, or in anticipation of the purchase of securities, and may enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.
Upon entering into a futures contract, a Fund will be required to deposit with the broker an amount of cash or cash equivalents known as “initial margin,” which is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract and is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, known as “variation margin,” to and from the broker will be made daily as the price of the instrument or index underlying the futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking-to-market.” At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, each Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate the Fund’s existing position in the contract.
Regulation Regarding Derivatives. Effective December 31, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) adopted certain regulatory changes that subject registered investment companies and advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a fund invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or if the fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent a Fund uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, BFA has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the CEA pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. BFA is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of such Fund.
Certain of the Funds may also have investments in “underlying funds” not advised by BFA (which for purposes of the no-action letter referenced below may include certain securitized vehicles and/or mortgage real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) that may invest in CFTC Derivatives). BFA has no transparency into the holdings of these underlying funds because they are not advised by BFA. To address this issue of lack of transparency, the CFTC staff issued a no-action letter on November 29, 2012 permitting the adviser of a fund that invests in such underlying funds and that would otherwise have
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filed a claim of exclusion pursuant to Rule 4.5 to delay registration as a “commodity pool operator” until six months from the date on which the CFTC issues additional guidance on the treatment of CFTC Derivatives held by underlying funds. BFA, the adviser of the Funds, has filed a request with the CFTC to rely on this no-action relief.
Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an instrument under which the purchaser (i.e., a Fund) acquires the security and the seller agrees, at the time of the sale, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. If a repurchase agreement is construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities will not be considered to be owned by a Fund but only to constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price, and, in the event of a default by the seller, the Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or losses in connection with the disposition of the collateral.
In any repurchase transaction, the collateral for a repurchase agreement may include: (i) cash items; (ii) obligations issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities; or (iii) obligations that, at the time the repurchase agreement is entered into, are rated in the highest rating category generally by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”), or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by BFA. Collateral, however, is not limited to the foregoing and may include, for example, obligations rated below the highest category by NRSROs. Collateral for a repurchase agreement may also include securities that a Fund could not hold directly without the repurchase obligation. Irrespective of the type of collateral underlying the repurchase agreement, in the case of a repurchase agreement entered into by a non-money market fund, the repurchase obligation of a seller must be of comparable credit quality to securities that are rated in the highest two short-term credit rating categories by at least one NRSRO or, if unrated, deemed by BFA to be of equivalent quality.
Repurchase agreements pose certain risks for a Fund that utilizes them. Such risks are not unique to the Funds, but are inherent in repurchase agreements. The Funds seek to minimize such risks, but because of the inherent legal uncertainties involved in repurchase agreements, such risks cannot be eliminated. Lower quality collateral and collateral with longer maturities may be subject to greater price fluctuations than higher quality collateral and collateral with shorter maturities. If the repurchase agreement counterparty were to default, lower quality collateral may be more difficult to liquidate than higher quality collateral. Should the counterparty default and the amount of collateral not be sufficient to cover the counterparty’s repurchase obligation, a Fund would retain the status of an unsecured creditor of the counterparty (i.e., the position the Fund would normally be in if it were to hold, pursuant to its investment policies, other unsecured debt securities of the defaulting counterparty) with respect to the amount of the shortfall. As an unsecured creditor, a Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment and have the characteristics of borrowing. Generally, the effect of such transactions is that a Fund can recover all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the reverse repurchase agreement, while in many cases the Fund is able to keep some of the interest income associated with those securities. Such transactions are advantageous only if a Fund has an opportunity to earn a rate of interest on the cash derived from these transactions that is greater than the interest cost of obtaining the same amount of cash. Opportunities to realize earnings from the use of the proceeds equal to or greater than the interest required to be paid may not always be available and a Fund intends to use the reverse repurchase technique only when BFA believes it will be advantageous to the Fund. The use of reverse repurchase agreements may exaggerate any increase or decrease in the value of a Fund’s assets. A Fund’s exposure to reverse repurchase agreements will be covered by liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than such commitments. The use of reverse repurchase agreements is a form of leverage because the proceeds derived from reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities.
Securities of Investment Companies. Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies (including money market funds) and real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) to the extent allowed by law. Pursuant to the 1940 Act, a Fund’s investment in registered investment companies is generally limited to, subject to certain exceptions: (i) 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any one investment company; (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company; and (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to investment companies in the aggregate. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, each Fund intends from time to time to invest its assets in the securities of investment companies, including, but not limited to, money market funds, including those advised by or otherwise affiliated with BFA, in
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excess of the general limits discussed above. Other investment companies in which a Fund may invest can be expected to incur fees and expenses for operations, such as investment advisory and administration fees, which would be in addition to those incurred by the Fund.
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments. Each Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds (including those advised by BFA or otherwise affiliated with BFA); (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed-time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. banks (including non-U.S. branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated, at the date of purchase, “Prime-1” by Moody's® Investors Service, Inc., “F-1” by Fitch Inc., or “A-1” by Standard & Poor's® Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“Standard & Poor's Ratings Services”), or if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by BFA; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; (vi) repurchase agreements; and (vii) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of non-U.S. banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of BFA, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by a Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or forward-settled basis. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
Swap Agreements. Swap agreements are contracts between parties in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on the change in market value or level of a specified rate, index or asset. In return, the other party agrees to make periodic payments to the first party based on the return of a different specified rate, index or asset. Swap agreements will usually be performed on a net basis, with a Fund receiving or paying only the net amount of the two payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap is accrued on a daily basis and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained by the Fund.
The use of interest rate and index swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. These transactions generally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal.
Tracking Stocks. A tracking stock is a separate class of common stock whose value is linked to a specific business unit or operating division within a larger company and is designed to “track” the performance of such business unit or division. The tracking stock may pay dividends to shareholders independent of the parent company. The parent company, rather than the business unit or division, generally is the issuer of tracking stock. However, holders of the tracking stock may not have the same rights as holders of the company’s common stock.
Future Developments. The Board may, in the future, authorize a Fund to invest in securities contracts and investments, other than those listed in this SAI and in the applicable Prospectuses, provided they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and do not violate any of its investment restrictions or policies.
General Considerations and Risks
A discussion of some of the principal risks associated with an investment in a Fund is contained in the applicable Prospectus.
An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers of the portfolio securities, the value of stocks in general, and other factors that affect the market.
Borrowing Risk.  Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the return on a Fund’s portfolio. Borrowing will cost a Fund interest expense and other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce a Fund’s return. Borrowing may cause a Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations.
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Commodities Investment Risk.  Exposure to commodities markets may subject a Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The commodities markets have experienced periods of extreme volatility. Similar future market conditions may result in rapid and substantial valuation increases or decreases in a Fund’s holdings.
The commodities markets may fluctuate widely based on a variety of factors. Movements in commodity investment prices are outside of a Fund's control and may not be anticipated by Fund management. Price movements may be influenced by, among other things: governmental, agricultural, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies; changing market and economic conditions; market liquidity; weather and climate conditions, including droughts and floods; livestock disease; changing supply and demand relationships and levels of domestic production and imported commodities; changes in storage costs; the availability of local, intrastate and interstate transportation systems; energy conservation; the success of exploration projects; changes in international balances of payments and trade; domestic and foreign rates of inflation; currency devaluations and revaluations; domestic and foreign political and economic events; domestic and foreign interest rates and/or investor expectations concerning interest rates; foreign currency/exchange rates; domestic and foreign governmental regulation and taxation; war, acts of terrorism and other political upheaval and conflicts; governmental expropriation; investment and trading activities of mutual funds, hedge funds and commodities funds; and changes in philosophies and emotions of market participants. The frequency and magnitude of such changes cannot be predicted.
The prices of commodities can also fluctuate widely due to supply and demand disruptions in major producing or consuming regions. Certain commodities or natural resources may be produced in a limited number of countries and may be controlled by a small number of producers or groups of producers. As a result, political, economic regulator and supply-related events in such countries could have a disproportionate impact on the prices of such commodities.
A decrease in the production of a physical commodity or a decrease in the volume of such commodity available for transportation, mining, processing, storage or distribution may adversely impact the financial performance of a commodity or commodity-related company that devotes a portion of its business to that commodity. Production declines and volume decreases could be caused by various factors, including catastrophic events affecting production, depletion of resources, labor difficulties, environmental proceedings, increased regulations, equipment failures and unexpected maintenance problems, import supply disruption, governmental expropriation, political upheaval or conflicts or increased competition from alternative energy sources or commodity prices. Agricultural commodities may be adversely affected by weather or other natural phenomena, such as drought, floods and pests.
A sustained decline in demand for such commodities could also adversely affect the financial performance of commodity-related companies. Factors that could lead to a decline in demand include economic recession or other adverse economic conditions, higher taxes on commodities or increased governmental regulations, increases in fuel economy, consumer shifts to the use of alternative commodities or fuel sources, changes in commodity prices, or weather.
The commodity markets are subject to temporary distortions and other disruptions due to, among other factors, lack of liquidity, the participation of speculators, and government regulation and other actions. U.S. futures exchanges and some foreign exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation in futures contract prices which may occur in a single business day (generally referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits”). The maximum or minimum price of a contract as a result of these limits is referred to as a “limit price.” If the limit price has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made beyond the limit price. Limit prices have the effect of precluding trading in a particular contract or forcing the liquidation of contracts at disadvantageous times or prices.
Custody Risk.  Custody risk refers to the risks inherent in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of their local markets, and thus may be subject to limited or no government oversight. Communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Practices in relation to the settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because of the use of brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result
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in ownership registration being lost. In addition, the laws of certain countries may put limits on a Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or an agent of any of the foregoing goes bankrupt. A Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such custody problems and may have no successful claim for compensation.
Cyber Security Issues. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, each Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cyber security failures or breaches by a Fund’s third party service providers (including, but not limited to, index providers, fund accountants and transfer agents), market makers, Authorized Participants (as defined in the Portfolio Holdings Information section of this SAI) and the issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Funds have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Funds cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by issuers in which the Funds invest, market makers or Authorized Participants. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Dividend Risk. There is no guarantee that issuers of the stocks held by a Fund will declare dividends in the future or that, if declared, they will either remain at specific levels or increase over time.
Operational Risk. BFA and a Fund’s other service providers may experience disruptions or operating errors that could negatively impact the Funds. While service providers are required to have appropriate operational risk management policies and procedures, their methods of operational risk management may differ from the Funds' in the setting of priorities, the personnel and resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. BlackRock, through its monitoring and oversight of service providers, seeks to ensure that service providers take appropriate precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to disruptions and operating errors. However, it is not possible for BlackRock or the other Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects.
Risk of Derivatives. A derivative is a financial contract, the value of which depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, a commodity (such as gold or silver), a currency or an index (a measure of value or rates, such as the S&P 500 Index or the prime lending rate). A Fund may invest in stock index futures contracts and other derivatives. Compared to conventional securities, derivatives can be more sensitive to changes in interest rates or to sudden fluctuations in market prices and thus a Fund’s losses may be greater if it invests in derivatives than if it invests only in conventional securities. Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations.
Risk of Equity Securities. An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in equity securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of stock markets may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the portfolio securities and thus in the value of shares of the Fund). Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to increases and decreases in value as market confidence and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies, inflation and interest rates, economic expansion or contraction, and global or regional political, economic or banking crises. Holders of common stocks incur more risks than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders generally have rights to receive payments from stock issuers that are inferior to the rights of creditors, or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (the value of which, however, is subject to market fluctuations prior to maturity), or preferred stocks, which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity.
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Although most of the securities in each Underlying Index are listed on a national securities exchange, the principal trading market for some of the securities may be in the over-the-counter market. The existence of a liquid trading market for certain securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made or maintained or that any such market will be or remain liquid. The price at which securities may be sold and the value of a Fund’s shares will be adversely affected if trading markets for the Fund’s portfolio securities are limited or absent, or if bid/ask spreads are wide.
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions. There are several risks accompanying the utilization of futures contracts and options on futures contracts. A position in futures contracts and options on futures contracts may be closed only on the exchange on which the contract was made (or a linked exchange). While each Fund plans to utilize futures contracts only if an active market exists for such contracts, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist for the contract at a specified time. Futures contracts, by definition, project price levels in the future and not current levels of valuation; therefore, market circumstances may result in a discrepancy between the price of the stock index future and the movement in a Fund's Underlying Index. In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, a Fund may be required to deliver the instruments underlying the futures contracts it has sold.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts or uncovered call options in some strategies (e.g., selling uncovered stock index futures contracts) is potentially unlimited. The Funds do not plan to use futures and options contracts in this way. The risk of a futures position may still be large as traditionally measured due to the low margin deposits required. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit. The Funds, however, intend to utilize futures and options contracts in a manner designed to limit their risk exposure to levels comparable to a direct investment in the types of stocks in which they invest.
Utilization of futures and options on futures by a Fund involves the risk of imperfect or even negative correlation to its Underlying Index if the index underlying the futures contract differs from the Underlying Index. There is also the risk of loss of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in the futures contract or option. The purchase of put or call options will be based upon predictions by BFA as to anticipated trends, which predictions could prove to be incorrect.
Because the futures market generally imposes less burdensome margin requirements than the securities market, an increased amount of participation by speculators in the futures market could result in price fluctuations. Certain financial futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount by which the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting each Fund to substantial losses. In the event of adverse price movements, each Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.
Risk of Investing in Mid-Capitalization Companies. Stock prices of mid-capitalization companies may be more volatile than those of large-capitalization companies and, therefore, a Fund’s share price may be more volatile than those of funds that invest a larger percentage of their assets in stocks issued by large-capitalization companies. Stock prices of mid-capitalization companies are also more vulnerable than those of large-capitalization companies to adverse business or economic developments, and the stocks of mid-capitalization companies may be less liquid, making it more difficult for the Funds to buy and sell them. In addition, mid-capitalization companies generally have less diverse product lines than large-capitalization companies and are more susceptible to adverse developments related to their products.
Risk of Investing in Small-Capitalization Companies. Stock prices of small-capitalization companies may be more volatile than those of larger companies and therefore a Fund's share price may be more volatile than those of funds that invest a larger percentage of their assets in stocks issued by large-capitalization companies. Stock prices of small-capitalization companies are generally more vulnerable than those of large-capitalization companies to adverse business and economic developments. The stocks of small-capitalization companies may be thinly traded, making it difficult for the Funds to buy and sell them. In addition, small-capitalization companies are typically less financially stable than larger, more established
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companies and may depend on a small number of essential personnel, making them more vulnerable to loss of personnel. Small-capitalization companies also normally have less diverse product lines than those of large-capitalization companies and are more susceptible to adverse developments concerning their products.
Risk of Swap Agreements. The risk of loss with respect to swaps generally is limited to the net amount of payments that a Fund is contractually obligated to make. Swap agreements are subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will default on its obligations. If such a default occurs, a Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect such Fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g., a Fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive).
Risk of Investing in Asia.  Investments in securities of issuers in certain Asian countries involve risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in other regions. Such heightened risks include, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socio-economic unrest. Many Asian economies have experienced rapid rates of economic growth and industrialization in recent years, and there is no assurance that these rates of economic growth and industrialization will be maintained.
Certain Asian countries have democracies with relatively short histories, which may increase the risk of political instability. These countries have faced political and military unrest, and further unrest could present a risk to their local economies and securities markets. Indonesia and the Philippines have each experienced violence and terrorism, which has negatively impacted their economies. North Korea and South Korea each have substantial military capabilities, and historical tensions between the two countries present the risk of war; in the recent past, these tensions have escalated. Any outbreak of hostilities between the two countries could have a severe adverse effect on the South Korean economy and securities market. Increased political and social unrest in these geographic areas could adversely affect the performance of investments in this region.
Certain governments in this region administer prices on several basic goods, including fuel and electricity, within their respective countries. Certain governments may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector in their respective countries and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in this region, which in turn could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments adversely affecting investments in the region.
Corruption and the perceived lack of a rule of law in dealings with international companies in certain Asian countries may discourage foreign investment and could negatively impact the long-term growth of certain economies in this region. In addition, certain countries in the region are experiencing high unemployment and corruption, and have fragile banking sectors.
Some economies in this region are dependent on a range of commodities, including oil, natural gas and coal. Accordingly, they are strongly affected by international commodity prices and particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products. The market for securities in this region may also be directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and by the economic and market conditions of neighboring countries. Adverse economic conditions or developments in neighboring countries may increase investors' perception of the risk of investing in the region as a whole, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by companies in the region.
Risk of Investing in Australasia.  The economies of Australasia, which include Australia and New Zealand, are dependent on exports from the agricultural and mining sectors. This makes Australasian economies susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. Australasian economies are also increasingly dependent on their growing service industries. Australia and New Zealand are located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters, such as drought and flooding. Any such event in the future could have a significant adverse impact on the economies of Australia and New Zealand and affect the value of securities held by a relevant Fund. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are dependent on trading with certain key trading partners, including Asia, Europe and the United States. The Australia–U.S. Free Trade Agreement has significantly expanded the trading relationship between the United States and Australia. In 2003, Australia and Singapore entered into the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (“SAFTA”). SAFTA is intended to further expand the economic relationship with Singapore, Australia’s largest trade and investment partner in Southeast Asia. Thus, economic events in the United States, Asia, or in other key trading countries can have a significant economic effect on the
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Australian economy. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are heavily dependent on the mining sector. Passage of new regulations limiting foreign ownership of companies in the mining sector or imposition of new taxes on profits of mining companies may dissuade foreign investment, and as a result, have a negative impact on companies to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in Brazil.  Investment in securities of companies domiciled in Brazil involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the U.S. securities markets. Such heightened risks include, among others, a high level of price volatility in the Brazilian equity and currency markets, chronic structural public sector deficits and disparities of wealth.
Brazil has historically experienced high rates of inflation and may continue to do so in the future. An increase in prices for commodities, the depreciation of the Brazilian currency (the real) and potential future governmental measures seeking to maintain the value of the real in relation to the U.S. dollar, may trigger increases in inflation in Brazil and may slow the rate of growth of the Brazilian economy. Inflationary pressures also may limit the ability of certain Brazilian issuers to access foreign financial markets and may lead to further government intervention in the economy, including the introduction of government policies that may adversely affect the overall performance of the Brazilian economy, which in turn could adversely affect a Fund's investments.
The Brazilian government has exercised, and continues to exercise, significant influence over the Brazilian economy, which may have significant effects on Brazilian companies and on market conditions and prices of Brazilian securities. The Brazilian economy has been characterized by frequent, and occasionally drastic, intervention by the Brazilian government. The Brazilian government has often changed monetary, taxation, credit, tariff and other policies to influence the core of Brazil’s economy. The Brazilian government’s actions to control inflation and affect other economic policies have involved, among others, the setting of wage and price controls, blocking access to bank accounts, fluctuation of the base interest rates, imposing exchange controls and limiting imports into Brazil. In the past, the Brazilian government has maintained domestic price controls, and no assurances can be given that price controls will not be re-imposed in the future.
Investments in Brazilian securities may be subject to certain restrictions on foreign investment. Brazilian law provides that whenever a serious imbalance in Brazil’s balance of payments exists or is anticipated, the Brazilian government may impose temporary restrictions on the remittance to foreign investors of the proceeds of their investment in Brazil and on the conversion of Brazilian currency into foreign currency. The likelihood of such restrictions may be affected by the extent of Brazil’s foreign currency reserves, the size of Brazil’s debt service burden relative to the economy as a whole, and political constraints to which Brazil may be subject. There can be no assurance that the Brazilian government will not impose restrictions or restrictive exchange control policies in the future, which could have the effect of preventing or restricting access to foreign currency.
The market for Brazilian securities is directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and economic and market conditions of certain countries, especially other emerging market countries in Central and South America. Adverse economic conditions or developments in other emerging market countries have at times significantly affected the availability of credit in the Brazilian economy and resulted in considerable outflows of funds and declines in the amount of foreign currency invested in Brazil. Crisis in neighboring emerging market countries also may increase investors’ risk aversion, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by Brazilian companies, including securities in which a Fund may invest.
Risk of Investing in Canada.  The United States is Canada’s largest trading and investment partner, and the Canadian economy is significantly affected by developments in the U.S. economy. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) in 1994 among Canada, the United States and Mexico, total two-way merchandise trade between the United States and Canada has more than doubled. To further this relationship, the three NAFTA countries entered into The Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America in March 2005, which may further affect Canada’s dependency on the U.S. economy. Any downturn in U.S. or Mexican economic activity is likely to have an adverse impact on the Canadian economy. The Canadian economy is also dependent upon external trade with other key trading partners, specifically China and the United Kingdom. As a result, Canada is dependent on the economies of these other countries. In addition, Canada is a large supplier of natural resources (e.g., oil, natural gas and agricultural products). As a result, the Canadian economy is sensitive to fluctuations in certain commodity prices.
Risk of Investing in Central and South America.  The economies of certain countries in which a Fund invests are affected by the economies of other Central and South American countries, some of which have experienced high interest rates, economic volatility, inflation, currency devaluations, government defaults and high unemployment rates. In addition,
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commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant percentage of the region's exports and many economies in this region are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on some or all of the countries to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in China.  Investments in securities of companies domiciled in China involve a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the U.S. securities markets. Such heightened risks include, among others, an authoritarian government, popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic and social conditions, the impact of regional conflict on the economy and hostile relations with neighboring countries.
Military conflicts, either in response to internal social unrest or conflicts with other countries, could disrupt economic development. The Chinese economy is vulnerable to the long-running disagreements with Hong Kong related to integration and religious and nationalist disputes with Tibet. China has a complex territorial dispute regarding the sovereignty of Taiwan that has included threats of invasion; Taiwan-based companies and individuals are significant investors in China. Military conflict between China and Taiwan may adversely affect securities of Chinese issuers. In addition, China has strained international relations with Japan, India, Russia and other neighbors due to territorial disputes, historical animosities and other defense concerns. China could be affected by military events on the Korean peninsula or internal instability within North Korea. These situations may cause uncertainty in the Chinese market and may adversely affect performance of the Chinese economy.
The Chinese government has implemented significant economic reforms in order to liberalize trade policy, promote foreign investment in the economy, reduce government control of the economy and develop market mechanisms. But there can be no assurance that these reforms will continue or that they will be effective. Despite reforms and privatizations of companies in certain sectors, the Chinese government still exercises substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector and may own or control many companies. The Chinese government continues to maintain a major role in economic policy making and investing in China involves risk of loss due to expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and on repatriation of capital invested. In addition, there is less regulation and monitoring of Chinese securities markets and the activities of investors, brokers and other participants than in the United States. Accordingly, issuers of securities in China are not subject to the same degree of regulation as are U.S. issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, tender offer regulation, stockholder proxy requirements and the requirements mandating timely and accurate disclosure of information. Stock markets in China are in the process of change and further development. This may lead to trading volatility, difficulty in the settlement and recording of transactions and difficulty in interpreting and applying the relevant regulation.
While the Chinese economy has grown rapidly in recent years, there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. China may experience substantial rates of inflation or economic recessions, causing a negative effect on the economy and securities market. China’s economy is heavily dependent on export growth. Reduction in spending on Chinese products and services, institution of tariffs or other trade barriers or a downturn in any of the economies of China’s key trading partners may have an adverse impact on the securities of Chinese issuers.
The tax laws and regulations in the People's Republic of China (“PRC”) are subject to change, including the issuance of authoritative guidance or enforcement, possibly with retroactive effect. The interpretation, applicability and enforcement of such laws by PRC tax authorities are not as consistent and transparent as those of more developed nations, and may vary over time and from region to region. The application and enforcement of PRC tax rules could have a significant adverse effect on a Fund and its investors, particularly in relation to capital gains withholding tax imposed upon non-residents.
Risk of Investing in Eastern Europe.  Investing in the securities of Eastern European issuers is highly speculative and involves risks not usually associated with investing in the more developed markets of Western Europe. Political and economic reforms are too recent to establish a definite trend away from centrally planned economies and state-owned industries. In the past, some Eastern European governments have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and many claims of the property owners have never been fully settled.
Many Eastern European countries continue to move toward market economies at different paces with appropriately different characteristics. Most Eastern European securities markets suffer from thin trading activity, dubious investor protections, and often a dearth of reliable corporate information. Information and transaction costs, differential taxes, and sometimes political or transfer risk give a comparative advantage to the domestic investor rather than the foreign investor. In addition, these markets are particularly sensitive to social, political, economic, and currency events in Russia and may suffer heavy losses as a result of their trading and investment links to the Russian economy and currency. Russia also may attempt to assert its
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influence in the region through economic or even military measures, as it did with Georgia in the summer of 2008. Eastern European economies may also be particularly susceptible to changes in the international credit markets due to their reliance on bank related inflows of capital. The global economic crisis has restricted international credit supplies, and several Eastern European economies have faced significant credit and economic crises. Although some Eastern European economies are expanding again, major challenges are still present as a result of their continued dependence on the Western European zone for credit.
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets.  Investments in emerging market countries may be subject to greater risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include: (i) less social, political, and economic stability; (ii) greater illiquidity and price volatility due to smaller or limited local capital markets for such securities, or low or non-existent trading volumes; (iii) foreign exchanges and broker-dealers may be subject to less scrutiny and regulation by local authorities; (iv) local governments may decide to seize or confiscate securities held by foreign investors and/or local governments may decide to suspend or limit an issuer's ability to make dividend or interest payments; (v) local governments may limit or entirely restrict repatriation of invested capital, profits, and dividends; (vi) capital gains may be subject to local taxation, including on a retroactive basis; (vii) issuers facing restrictions on dollar or euro payments imposed by local governments may attempt to make dividend or interest payments to foreign investors in the local currency; (viii) investors may experience difficulty in enforcing legal claims related to the securities and/or local judges may favor the interests of the issuer over those of foreign investors; (ix) bankruptcy judgments may only be permitted to be paid in the local currency; (x) limited public information regarding the issuer may result in greater difficulty in determining market valuations of the securities, and (xi) lax financial reporting on a regular basis, substandard disclosure and differences in accounting standards may make it difficult to ascertain the financial health of an issuer.
Emerging market securities markets are typically marked by a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of ownership of such securities by a limited number of investors. In addition, brokerage and other costs associated with transactions in emerging markets securities markets can be higher, sometimes significantly, than similar costs incurred in securities markets in developed countries. Although some emerging markets have become more established and tend to issue securities of higher credit quality, the markets for securities in other emerging countries are in the earliest stages of their development, and these countries issue securities across the credit spectrum. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in emerging countries may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the securities markets of developed countries. The limited size of many of these securities markets can cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, prices may be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions in these markets. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity of such markets. The limited liquidity of emerging country securities may also affect a Fund's ability to accurately value its portfolio securities or to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so or in order to meet redemption requests.
Many emerging market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Sudden changes in governments may result in policies which are less favorable to investors such as policies designed to expropriate or nationalize “sovereign” assets. Certain emerging market countries in the past have expropriated large amounts of private property, in many cases with little or no compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future.
Investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit a Fund's investment in certain emerging countries and may increase the expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer's outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals.
Many emerging market countries lack the social, political, and economic stability characteristic of the United States. Political instability among emerging market countries can be common and may be caused by an uneven distribution of wealth, social unrest, labor strikes, civil wars, and religious oppression. Economic instability in emerging market countries may take the form of: (i) high interest rates; (ii) high levels of inflation, including hyperinflation; (iii) high levels of unemployment or
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underemployment; (iv) changes in government economic and tax policies, including confiscatory taxation; and (v) imposition of trade barriers.
A Fund's income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the emerging market countries in which it invests, and treaties between the United States and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates.
Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain of these emerging markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions.
In the past, certain governments in emerging market countries have become overly reliant on the international capital markets and other forms of foreign credit to finance large public spending programs, which in the past have caused huge budget deficits. Often, interest payments have become too overwhelming for a government to meet, representing a large percentage of total GDP. These foreign obligations have become the subject of political debate and served as fuel for political parties of the opposition, which pressure the government not to make payments to foreign creditors, but instead to use these funds for, among other things, social programs. Either due to an inability to pay or submission to political pressure, foreign governments have been forced to seek a restructuring of their loan and/or bond obligations, have declared a temporary suspension of interest payments or have defaulted. These events have adversely affected the values of securities issued by foreign governments and corporations domiciled in those countries and have negatively affected not only their cost of borrowing, but their ability to borrow in the future as well.
Risk of Investing in Europe.  The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the “EU”) requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro (the common currency of certain EU countries), the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in an EU member country may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners, including some or all of the emerging markets materials sector countries. Although certain European countries do not use the euro, many of these countries are obliged to meet the criteria for joining the euro zone. Consequently, these countries must comply with many of the restrictions noted above. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about economic downturns, rising government debt levels and the possible default of government debt in several European countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In order to prevent further economic deterioration, certain countries, without prior warning, can institute “capital controls.” Countries may use these controls to restrict volatile movements of capital entering and exiting their country. Such controls may negatively affect a Fund’s investments. A default or debt restructuring by any European country would adversely impact holders of that country's debt and sellers of credit default swaps linked to that country's creditworthiness, which may be located in countries other than those listed above. In addition, the credit ratings of certain European countries were recently downgraded. These downgrades may result in further deterioration of investor confidence. These events have adversely affected the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect the economies of every country in Europe, including countries that do not use the euro and non-EU member countries. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not produce the desired results, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and other entities of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.
Risk of Investing in Hong Kong.  Investments in Hong Kong issuers may subject a Fund to legal, regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risk specific to Hong Kong. China is Hong Kong’s largest trading partner, both in terms of exports and imports. Any changes in the Chinese economy, trade regulations or currency exchange rates may have an adverse impact on Hong Kong’s economy.
Political and Social Risk. Hong Kong reverted to Chinese sovereignty on July 1, 1997 as a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China under the principle of “one country, two systems.” Although China is obligated to maintain the current capitalist economic and social system of Hong Kong through June 30, 2047, the continuation of economic and social
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freedoms enjoyed in Hong Kong is dependent on the government of China. Any attempt by China to tighten its control over Hong Kong's political, economic or social policies may result in an adverse effect on Hong Kong's economy.
Economic Risk. The economy of Hong Kong is closely tied to the economy of China. The Chinese economy has grown rapidly during the past several years and there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. China may experience substantial rates of inflation or economic recessions, causing a negative effect on the economy and securities market. Delays in enterprise restructuring, slow development of well-functioning financial markets and widespread corruption have also hindered performance of the Chinese economy, and China continues to receive substantial pressure from trading partners to liberalize official currency exchange rates.
Risk of Investing in Japan.  Japan may be subject to political, economic, nuclear, and labor risks. Any of these risks, individually or in the aggregate, can impact an investment made in Japan.
Economic Risk. The growth of Japan’s economy has historically lagged that of its Asian neighbors and other major developed economies. Since the year 2000, Japan’s economic growth rate has remained relatively low and it may remain low in the future. The Japanese economy is heavily dependent on international trade and has been adversely affected by trade tariffs, other protectionist measures, competition from emerging economies and the economic conditions of its trading partners. Japan is also heavily dependent on oil imports, and higher commodity prices could therefore have a negative impact on the Japanese economy.
Political Risk. Historically, Japan has had unpredictable national politics and may experience frequent political turnover. Future political developments may lead to changes in policy that might adversely affect a Fund’s investments. In addition, China has become an important trading partner with Japan. Japan’s political relationship with China, however, has become strained. Should political tension increase, it could adversely affect the Japanese economy and destabilize the region as a whole.
Large Government Debt Risk. The Japanese economy faces several concerns, including a financial system with large levels of nonperforming loans, over-leveraged corporate balance sheets, extensive cross-ownership by major corporations, a changing corporate governance structure, and large government deficits. These issues may cause a slowdown of the Japanese economy.
Currency Risk. The Japanese yen has fluctuated widely at times and any increase in its value may cause a decline in exports that could weaken the Japanese economy. Japan has, in the past, intervened in the currency markets to attempt to maintain or reduce the value of the yen. Japanese intervention in the currency markets could cause the value of the yen to fluctuate sharply and unpredictably and could cause losses to investors.
Nuclear Energy Risk. The nuclear power plant catastrophe in Japan in March 2011 may have short-term and long-term effects on the Japanese economy and its nuclear energy industry, the extent of which are currently unknown.
Labor Risk. Japan has an aging workforce and has experienced a significant population decline in recent years. Japan’s labor market appears to be undergoing fundamental structural changes, as a labor market traditionally accustomed to lifetime employment adjusts to meet the need for increased labor mobility, which may adversely affect Japan’s economic competitiveness.
Geographic Risk. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, typhoons and tsunamis, could occur in Japan or surrounding areas and could negatively affect the Japanese economy, and, in turn, could negatively affect a Fund.
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities.  An investment in any of the Funds that invest in non-U.S. equity securities involves risks similar to those of investing in portfolios of equity securities traded on non-U.S. exchanges. These risks include market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices. Investing in securities issued by issuers domiciled in countries other than the domicile of the investor and denominated in currencies other than an investor’s local currency entails certain considerations and risks not typically encountered by the investor in making investments in its home country and in that country’s currency. These considerations include favorable or unfavorable changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations and the costs that may be incurred in connection with conversions between various currencies. Investing in any of the Funds also involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in a fund whose portfolio contains exclusively securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include generally less liquid and less efficient securities markets; generally greater price volatility; less publicly available information about issuers; the imposition of withholding or other taxes; the imposition of
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restrictions on the expatriation of funds or other assets of the Funds; higher transaction and custody costs; delays and risks attendant in settlement procedures; difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations; lower liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization; different accounting and disclosure standards; lower levels of regulation of the securities markets; more substantial government interference with the economy; higher rates of inflation; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty; the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets; and the risk of war.
Risk of Investing in North America.  The United States is Canada’s and Mexico’s largest trading and investment partner. The Canadian and Mexican economies are significantly affected by developments in the U.S. economy. Since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994 among Canada, the United States and Mexico, total merchandise trade between the three countries has increased. To further this relationship, the three NAFTA countries entered into the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America in March 2005, which may further affect Canada’s and Mexico’s dependency on the U.S. economy. Economic events in any one North American country can have a significant economic effect on the entire North American region, and on some or all of the North American countries in which a Fund invests.
Risk of Investing in Sub-Saharan Africa.  The economies of certain sub-Saharan African countries have experienced high unemployment, famine, currency volatility, inflation, general economic malaise, and internal and external conflicts that have resulted in significant displacement of local populations. While countries in the region, such as South Africa, Gabon and Botswana, have experienced greater political stability and economic growth than neighboring states, adverse social and economic conditions in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries of this region, including some or all of the emerging markets countries in which the Funds invest.
Risk of Investing in the United Kingdom.  Investment in British issuers may subject a Fund to regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risks specific to the United Kingdom. The British economy relies heavily on export of financial services to the United States and other European countries. A prolonged slowdown in the financial services sector may have a negative impact on the British economy. In the past, the United Kingdom has been a target of terrorism. Acts of terrorism in the United Kingdom or against British interests abroad may cause uncertainty in the British financial markets and adversely affect the performance of the issuers to which a Fund has exposure. The British economy, along with the United States and certain other European economies, experienced a significant economic slowdown during the recent financial crisis.
Risk of Investing in the United States.  The United States is a significant, and in some cases the most significant, trading partner of or foreign investor in certain emerging markets in which a Fund invests, the economic conditions of which may be particularly affected by adverse changes in the U.S. economy. A decrease in U.S. imports, new trade regulations, changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rate or an economic slowdown in the United States may have a material adverse effect on a country’s economic conditions and, as a result, securities to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in the Automotive Sub-Industry.  The automotive sub-industry can be highly cyclical, and companies in the automotive sub-industry may suffer periodic losses. The automotive sub-industry is also highly competitive and there may be, at times, excess capacity in the global and domestic automotive sub-industry. Over the last few years, the U.S. automotive sub-industry experienced a significant downturn; certain automotive companies required stimulus from the U.S. government, while others formed strategic industry alliances in order to weather the substantially difficult market conditions. In general, the automotive sub-industry is susceptible to labor disputes, product defect litigation, patent expiration, increased pension liabilities, rise in material or component prices and changing consumer tastes.
Risk of Investing in the Basic Materials Industry Group.  Issuers in the basic materials industry group could be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls and increased competition. Companies in the basic materials industry group may be subject to swift fluctuations in supply and demand. Fluctuations may be caused by events relating to political and economic developments, the environmental impact of basic materials operations, and the success of exploration projects. Production of industrial materials often exceeds demand as a result of over-building or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns. Issuers in the basic materials industry group are at risk for environmental damage and product liability claims and may be adversely affected by depletion of resources, delays in technical progress, labor relations, tax and government regulations related to changes to, among other things, energy and environmental policies.
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group.  The capital goods industry group may be affected by fluctuations in the business cycle and by other factors affecting manufacturing demands. The capital goods industry group depends heavily on corporate spending. The capital goods industry group may perform well during times of economic expansion, and as economic conditions worsen, the demand for capital goods may decrease due to weakening demand, worsening business
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cash flows, tighter credit controls and deteriorating profitability. During times of economic volatility, corporate spending may fall and adversely affect the capital goods industry group. This industry group may also be affected by changes in interest rates, corporate tax rates and other government policies. Many capital goods are sold internationally and such companies are subject to market conditions in other countries and regions.
Risk of Investing in the Chemicals Industry.  The success of companies in the chemicals industry can be significantly affected by intense competition, product obsolescence, raw materials prices, and government regulation. As regulations are developed and enforced, chemicals companies could be required to alter or cease production of a product, pay fines, pay for cleaning up a disposal site or agree to restrictions on their operations. In addition, chemicals companies may be subject to risks associated with production, handling, and disposal, as some of the materials and processes used by these companies involve hazardous components.
Risk of Investing in the Commercial and Professional Services Industry Group.  The success of commercial and professional service providers is tied closely to the performance of domestic and international economies, interest rates, exchange rates, competition, availability of qualified personnel and corporate demand. The commercial and professional services industry group depends heavily on corporate spending. Companies in the commercial and professional services industry group may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector.  Companies engaged in the design, production or distribution of products or services for the consumer discretionary sector (including, without limitation, television and radio broadcasting, manufacturing, publishing, recording and musical instruments, motion pictures, photography, amusement and theme parks, gaming casinos, sporting goods and sports arenas, camping and recreational equipment, toys and games, apparel, travel-related services, automobiles, hotels and motels, and fast food and other restaurants) are subject to the risk that their products or services may become obsolete quickly. The success of these companies can depend heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. During periods of an expanding economy, the consumer discretionary sector may outperform the consumer staples sector, but may underperform when economic conditions worsen. Moreover, the consumer discretionary sector can be significantly affected by several factors, including, without limitation, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange rates, changing consumer preferences, demographics, marketing campaigns, cyclical revenue generation, consumer confidence, commodity price volatility, labor relations, interest rates, import and export controls, intense competition, technological developments and government regulation.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Durables Industry Group.  The consumer durables industry group includes companies involved in the design, production, or distribution of household durables, leisure equipment and goods, textiles, luxury goods or apparel, each of which may be affected by changes in domestic and international economies, consumer confidence, disposable household income and spending, and consumer tastes and preferences. Companies in the consumer durables industry group face intense competition, which may have an adverse effect on their profitability. The success of companies in the consumer durables industry group may be strongly affected by social trends and marketing campaigns. Companies in the consumer durables industry group may be dependent on outside financing, which may be difficult to obtain. Many of these companies are dependent on third party suppliers and distribution systems. Consumer durables companies may be unable to protect their intellectual property rights or may be liable for infringing the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, goods in the consumer durables industry group may face the risk of rapid obsolescence.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Goods Industry.  The success of the consumer goods industry is tied closely to the performance of the domestic and international economy, interest rates, exchange rates, competition, consumer confidence and consumer disposable income. The consumer goods industry may be strongly affected by trends, marketing campaigns and other factors affecting consumer demand. Governmental regulation affecting the use of various food additives may affect the profitability of certain companies in the consumer goods industry. Moreover, international events may affect food and beverage companies that derive a substantial portion of their net income from foreign countries. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by new laws, regulations and litigation. Many consumer goods may be marketed globally, and consumer goods companies may be affected by the demand and market conditions in other countries and regions. Companies in the consumer goods industry may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability. Changes in demographics and consumer preferences may affect the success of consumer products.
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Risk of Investing in the Consumer Services Industry.  The success of consumer product manufacturers and retailers (including food and drug retailers, general retailers, media, and travel and leisure) is tied closely to the performance of the domestic and international economy, interest rates, exchange rates, competition and consumer confidence. The consumer services industry depends heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. Companies in the consumer services industry may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability. Changes in demographics and consumer preferences may affect the success of consumer service providers.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector.  Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by changes in the global economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics and consumer preferences, and production spending. Companies in the consumer staples sector may also be affected by changes in global economic, environmental and political events, economic conditions, the depletion of resources, and government regulation. For instance, government regulations may affect the permissibility of using various food additives and production methods of companies that make food products, which could affect company profitability. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by the adoption of proposed legislation and/or by litigation. Companies in the consumer staples sector also may be subject to risks pertaining to the supply of, demand for and prices of raw materials. The prices of raw materials fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, changes in government agricultural support programs, exchange rates, import and export controls, changes in international agricultural and trading policies, and seasonal and weather conditions. Companies in the consumer staples sector may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability.
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector.  Companies in the energy sector are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, energy supply and demand, government regulations and policies, energy production and conservation efforts, technological change, and other factors that a company cannot control. These companies may also lack resources and have limited business lines. The energy sector is cyclical and is highly dependent on commodity prices; prices and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to, among other things, national and international political changes, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the key energy-consuming countries.
Companies in the energy sector may be adversely affected by terrorism, natural disasters or other catastrophes. Companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property, pollution or other environmental damage claims. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. Significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. Additionally, the Middle East, where many companies in the energy sector may operate, has historically and recently seen widespread social unrest.
Companies in the energy sector may also be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, negative perception, efforts at energy conservation and world events in the regions in which the companies operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Because a significant portion of revenues of companies in this sector are derived from a relatively small number of customers that are largely composed of governmental entities and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on the stock prices of companies in this sector. The energy sector is highly regulated. Entities operating in the energy sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation can change rapidly or over time in both scope and intensity. Stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would likely increase compliance costs and may materially adversely affect the financial performance of companies in the energy sector.
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector.  Companies in the financials sector include regional and money center banks, securities brokerage firms, asset management companies, savings banks and thrift institutions, specialty finance companies (e.g., credit card, mortgage providers), insurance and insurance brokerage firms, financial conglomerates and foreign banking and financial companies. Market conditions and regulation of the financial sector in China may be particularly subject to change based on government policy. The global financial markets have experienced very difficult conditions and volatility as well as significant adverse trends. The conditions in these markets have resulted in a decrease in availability of corporate credit, capital and liquidity and have led indirectly to the insolvency, closure or acquisition of a number of financial institutions. These conditions have also contributed to consolidation within the financial industry. In addition, the global
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financial industry has been materially and adversely affected by a significant decline in the value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and by the sovereign debt crisis. The prospects of many financial companies are questionable and continue to evolve as financial companies revise their outlooks and write down assets that they hold.
Most financial companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which limits their activities and may affect their ability to earn a profit from a given line of business. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financials sector, including effects not intended by the regulation. Direct governmental intervention in the operations of financial companies and financial markets may materially and adversely affect the companies in which a Fund invests, including legislation in many countries that may increase government regulation, repatriation and other intervention. The impact of governmental intervention and legislative changes on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The valuation of financial companies has been and continues to be subject to unprecedented volatility and may be influenced by unpredictable factors, including interest rate risk and sovereign debt default. Certain financial businesses are subject to intense competitive pressures, including market share and price competition. Financial companies in foreign countries are subject to market specific and general regulatory and interest rate concerns. In particular, government regulation in certain foreign countries may include taxes and controls on interest rates, credit availability, minimum capital requirements, ban on short sales, prices and currency transfers.
The profitability of banks, savings and loan associations and financial companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change; for instance, when interest rates go up, the value of securities issued by many types of companies in the financials sector generally goes down. In other words, financial companies may be adversely affected in certain market cycles, including, without limitation, during periods of rising interest rates, which may restrict the availability and increase the cost of capital, and during periods of declining economic conditions, which may cause, among other things, credit losses due to financial difficulties of borrowers.
In addition, general economic conditions are important to the operations of these companies, and financial difficulties of borrowers may have an adverse effect on the profitability of financial companies. Financial companies can be highly dependent upon access to capital markets and any impediments to such access, such as adverse overall economic conditions or a negative perception in the capital markets of a financial company’s financial condition or prospects, could adversely affect its business. Deterioration of credit markets, as experienced in 2008 and 2009, can have an adverse impact on a broad range of financial markets, causing certain financial companies to incur large losses. In these conditions, companies in the financials sector may experience significant declines in the valuation of their assets, take actions to raise capital and even cease operations. Some financial companies may also be required to accept or borrow significant amounts of capital from government sources and may face future government imposed restrictions on their businesses or increased government intervention. In addition, there is no guarantee that governments will provide any such relief in the future. These actions may cause the securities of many companies in the financials sector to decline in value.
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector.  Companies in the healthcare sector are often issuers whose profitability may be affected by extensive government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising or falling costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure, an increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and other market developments. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection and the actual or perceived safety and efficiency of their products.
Patents have a limited duration and, upon expiration, other companies may market substantially similar “generic” products that are typically sold at a lower price than the patented product, causing the original developer of the product to lose market share and/or reduce the price charged for the product, resulting in lower profits for the original developer. As a result, the expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.
In addition, because the products and services of many companies in the healthcare sector affect the health and well-being of many individuals, these companies are especially susceptible to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the healthcare sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly, resulting in increased development costs, delayed cost recovery and loss of competitive advantage to the extent that rival companies have developed competing products or procedures, adversely affecting the company’s revenues and profitability. In other words, delays in the regulatory approval process may diminish the opportunity for a company to profit from a new product or to bring a new product to market, which could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Healthcare companies may also be strongly affected by scientific biotechnology or
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technological developments and their products may quickly become obsolete. Also, many healthcare companies offer products and services that are subject to governmental regulation and may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies or laws. Legislation introduced or considered by certain governments on any individual healthcare company or on the healthcare sector as a whole cannot be predicted. These laws and proposals span a wide range of topics, including cost control, national health insurance, incentives for compensation in the provision of healthcare services, tax incentives and penalties related to healthcare insurance premiums, and promotion of prepaid healthcare plans. No one can predict what proposals will be enacted or what potentially adverse effect they may have on healthcare-related or biotechnology-related companies.
Additionally, the expansion of facilities by healthcare related providers is subject to “determinations of need” by certain government authorities. This process not only increases the time and costs involved in these expansions, but also makes expansion plans uncertain, limiting the revenue and profitability growth potential of healthcare related facilities operators and negatively affecting the prices of their securities. Moreover, in recent years both local and national governmental budgets have come under pressure to reduce spending and control healthcare costs, which could both adversely affect regulatory processes and public funding available for healthcare products, services and facilities.
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector.  The value of securities issued by companies in the industrials sector may be affected by supply and demand both for their specific products or services and for industrials sector products in general. The products of manufacturing companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Government regulations, world events and economic conditions affect the performance of companies in the industrials sector. The industrials sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced by unpredictable factors. Aerospace and defense companies, a component of the industrials sector, can be significantly affected by government spending policies because companies involved in this industry rely, to a significant extent, on government demand for their products and services. Thus, the financial condition of, and investor interest in, aerospace and defense companies are heavily influenced by governmental defense spending policies, which are typically under pressure from efforts to control government budgets. Transportation stocks, a component of the industrials sector, are cyclical and can be significantly affected by economic changes, fuel prices, labor relations and insurance costs. Transportation companies in certain countries may also be subject to significant government regulation and oversight, which may adversely affect their businesses. For example, commodity price declines and unit volume reductions resulting from an over-supply of materials used in the industrials sector can adversely affect the sector. Furthermore, companies in the industrials sector may be subject to liability for environmental damage, product liability claims, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control.
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector.  Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Like other technology companies, information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the information technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses. These risks are heightened for information technology companies in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Insurance Industry Group.  The insurance industry group is subject to extensive government regulation in some countries and can be significantly affected by changes in interest rates, general economic conditions, price and marketing competition, the imposition of premium rate caps or other changes in government regulation or tax law. Different segments of the insurance industry group can be significantly affected by mortality and morbidity rates, environmental clean-up costs and catastrophic events such as earthquakes, hurricanes and terrorist acts.
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector.  Companies in the materials sector may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, technical progress, labor relations and government regulations, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control, among other factors. Also,
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companies in the materials sector are at risk of liability for environmental damage and product liability claims. Production of materials may exceed demand as a result of market imbalances or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns. These risks are heightened for companies in the materials sector located in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Media Industry Group.  Companies in the media industry group may encounter distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in formulating new products and services using new technology. Media companies are subject to risks that include cyclicality of revenues and earnings, a potential decrease in the discretionary income of targeted individuals, changing consumer tastes and interests, competition in the industry and the potential for increased state and federal regulation. Advertising spending is an important source of revenue for media companies. During economic downturns, advertising spending typically decreases and, as a result, media companies tend to generate less revenue.
Risk of Investing in the Medical Equipment Industry Group.  Many companies in the medical equipment industry group are heavily dependent on patent protection, and the expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Companies in the medical equipment industry group may be subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims as well as competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. The profitability of some medical equipment companies may be dependent on a relatively limited number of products. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies or other market developments. Many new products in the medical equipment industry group are subject to regulatory approvals, and the process of obtaining such approvals is long and costly.
Risk of Investing in the Metals and Mining Industry.  Certain of the Funds will invest in securities that are issued by and/or have exposure to, companies primarily involved in the metals and mining industry. Investments in metals and mining industry companies may be speculative and subject to greater price volatility than investments in other types of companies. The profitability of companies in the metals and mining industry is related to, among other things, worldwide metal prices, and extraction and production costs. Worldwide metal prices may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time, so a Fund’s share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. In addition, metals and mining companies may be significantly affected by changes in global demand for certain metals, economic developments, energy conservation, exchange rates, the success of exploration projects, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, and world events in the regions that the companies to which a Fund has exposure operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence and labor unrest). Metals and mining companies may also be subject to the effects of competitive pressures in the metals and mining industry.
Risk of Investing in the Natural Resources Industry.   The profitability of companies in the natural resources industry can be affected by worldwide energy prices, limits on exploration, and production spending. Companies in the natural resources industry are affected by government regulation, world events and economic conditions. Companies in the natural resources industry are at risk for environmental damage claims. Companies in the natural resources industry could be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, changes in exchange rates, imposition of import controls and increased competition. Companies in the natural resources industry may be adversely affected by depletion of natural resources, technological developments, and labor relations.
Risk of Investing in the Oil and Gas Industry.  Companies in the oil and gas industry are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, oil and gas supply and demand, government regulations and policies, oil and gas production and conservation efforts and technological change. The oil and gas industry is cyclical and from time to time may experience a shortage of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies or qualified personnel, or due to significant demand, such services may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. Prices and supplies of oil and gas may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to national and international political changes, OPEC policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economies of key energy-consuming countries. Disruptions in the oil sub-industry or shifts in energy consumption may significantly impact companies in this industry. For instance, significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. In addition, the Middle East, where many companies in the oil and gas industry may operate, has recently seen widespread social unrest. Oil and gas companies operate in a highly competitive industry, with intense price competition. A significant portion of their revenues may depend on a relatively small number of customers, including governmental entities and utilities.
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Risk of Investing in the Pharmaceuticals Industry.  Companies in the pharmaceuticals industry are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. The profitability of some companies in the pharmaceuticals industry may be dependent on a relatively limited number of products. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies or other market developments. Many new products in the pharmaceuticals industry are subject to government approvals, regulation and reimbursement rates. The process of obtaining government approvals may be long and costly. Many companies in the pharmaceuticals industry are heavily dependent on patents and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Companies in the pharmaceutical industry may be subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims.
Risk of Investing in the Real Estate Industry Group.  Companies in the real estate industry group include companies that invest in real estate, such as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) or a real estate holding company (collectively, “Real Estate Companies”). Investing in Real Estate Companies exposes investors to the risks of owning real estate directly, as well as to risks that relate specifically to the way in which Real Estate Companies are organized and operated. Real estate is highly sensitive to general and local economic conditions and developments, and characterized by intense competition and periodic overbuilding. Investing in Real Estate Companies involves various risks. Some risks that are specific to Real Estate Companies are discussed in greater detail below.
Interest Rate Risk. Rising interest rates could result in higher costs of capital for Real Estate Companies, which could negatively impact a Real Estate Company’s ability to meet its payment obligations.
Leverage Risk. Real Estate Companies may use leverage (and some may be highly leveraged), which increases investment risk and could adversely affect a Real Estate Company’s operations and market value in periods of rising interest rates. Real Estate Companies are also exposed to the risks normally associated with debt financing. Financial covenants related to a Real Estate Company’s leverage may affect the ability of the Real Estate Company to operate effectively. In addition, real property may be subject to the quality of credit extended and defaults by borrowers and tenants. If the properties do not generate sufficient income to meet operating expenses, including, where applicable, debt service, ground lease payments, tenant improvements, third-party leasing commissions and other capital expenditures, the income and ability of a Real Estate Company to make payments of any interest and principal on its debt securities will be adversely affected.
Property Risk. Real Estate Companies may be subject to risks relating to functional obsolescence or reduced desirability of properties; extended vacancies due to economic conditions and tenant bankruptcies; catastrophic events such as earthquakes, hurricanes and terrorist acts; and casualty or condemnation losses. Real estate income and values also may be greatly affected by demographic trends, such as population shifts or changing tastes and values, or increasing vacancies or declining rents resulting from legal, cultural, technological, global or local economic developments.
Management Risk. Real Estate Companies are dependent upon management skills and may have limited financial resources. Real Estate Companies are generally not diversified and may be subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, transactions between Real Estate Companies and their affiliates may be subject to conflicts of interest, which may adversely affect a Real Estate Company’s shareholders. A Real Estate Company may also have joint venture investments in certain of its properties and, consequently, its ability to control decisions relating to such properties may be limited.
Liquidity Risk. Investing in Real Estate Companies may involve risks similar to those associated with investing in small-capitalization companies. Real Estate Company securities, like the securities of smaller capitalization companies, may be more volatile than, and perform differently from, shares of large-capitalization companies. There may be less trading in Real Estate Company shares, which means that buy and sell transactions in those shares could have a magnified impact on share price, resulting in abrupt or erratic price fluctuations. In addition, real estate is relatively illiquid and, therefore, a Real Estate Company may have a limited ability to vary or liquidate properties in response to changes in economic or other conditions.
Concentration Risk. Real Estate Companies may own a limited number of properties and concentrate their investments in a particular geographic region or property type.
U.S. Tax Risk. Certain U.S. Real Estate Companies are subject to special U.S. federal tax requirements. A REIT that fails to comply with such tax requirements may be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, which may affect the value of the REIT and the characterization of the REIT’s distributions. The U.S. federal tax requirement that a REIT distribute substantially all of its net income to its shareholders may result in a REIT having insufficient capital for future expenditures.
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Regulatory Risk. Real estate income and values may be adversely affected by such factors as applicable domestic and foreign laws (including tax laws). Government actions, such as tax increases, zoning law changes or environmental regulations, also may have a major impact on real estate.
Risk of Investing in the Retail Industry Group.  The retail industry group may be affected by changes in domestic and international economies, consumer confidence, disposable household income and spending, and consumer tastes and preferences. Companies in the retail industry group face intense competition, which may have an adverse effect on their profitability. The success of companies in the retail industry group may be strongly affected by social trends and marketing campaigns. Companies in the retail industry group may be dependent on outside financing, which may be difficult to obtain. Many of these companies are dependent on third party suppliers and distribution systems. Retail companies may be unable to protect their intellectual property rights or may be liable for infringing the intellectual property rights of others.
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector.  Technology companies are characterized by periodic new product introductions, innovations and evolving industry standards, and, as a result, face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Companies in the technology sector are often smaller and less experienced companies and may be subject to greater risks than larger companies; these risks may be heightened for technology companies in foreign markets. Technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, changes in consumer and business purchasing patterns, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. In addition, a rising interest rate environment tends to negatively affect companies in the technology sector because, in such an environment, those companies with high market valuations may appear less attractive to investors, which may cause sharp decreases in the companies’ market prices. Companies in the technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. The technology sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced or characterized by unpredictable factors. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector.  The telecommunications sector of an economy is often subject to extensive government regulation. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failure to receive required regulatory approvals, or the enactment of new regulatory requirements may negatively affect the business of telecommunications companies. Government actions around the world, specifically in the area of pre-marketing clearance of products and prices, can be arbitrary and unpredictable. Companies in the telecommunications sector may experience distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in formulating new products and services using new technology. Technological innovations may make the products and services of certain telecommunications companies obsolete. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the telecommunications sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Transportation Industry Group.  Issuers in the transportation industry group can be significantly affected by economic changes, fuel prices, labor relations, technology developments, exchange rates, industry competition, and insurance costs. Transportation companies in certain countries may also be subject to significant government regulation and oversight, which may adversely affect their businesses. Other risk factors that may affect transportation companies include the risk of increases in fuel and other operating costs and the effects of regulatory changes or other government decisions. Companies in the transportation industry group may be adversely affected by adverse weather, acts of terrorism or catastrophic events, such as air accidents, train crashes or tunnel fires. Companies in the transportation industry group may also be subject to the risk of widespread disruption of technology systems and increasing equipment and operational costs.
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector.  Investments in utility companies involve special considerations, including the risk of changing commodity prices, government regulation stipulating rates charged by utilities, increased tariffs, changes in tax laws, interest rate fluctuations and changes in the cost of providing specific utility services. The utilities industry is also subject to potential terrorist attacks, natural disasters and severe weather conditions, as well as regulatory and operational
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burdens associated with the operation and maintenance of nuclear facilities. Government regulators monitor and control utility revenues and costs, and therefore may limit utility profits. In certain countries, regulatory authorities may also restrict a company’s access to new markets, thereby diminishing the company’s long-term prospects.
There are substantial differences among the regulatory practices and policies of various jurisdictions, and any regulatory agency may make major shifts in policy from time to time. There is no assurance that regulatory authorities will, in the future, grant rate increases or that such increases will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on common stocks issued by a utility company. Additionally, existing and possible future regulatory legislation may make it even more difficult for utilities to obtain adequate relief. Certain of the issuers of securities held in a Fund's portfolio may own or operate nuclear generating facilities. Governmental authorities may from time to time review existing policies and impose additional requirements governing the licensing, construction and operation of nuclear power plants. Prolonged changes in climate conditions can also have a significant impact on both the revenues of an electric and gas utility as well as the expenses of a utility, particularly a hydro-based electric utility.
The rates that traditional regulated utility companies may charge their customers generally are subject to review and limitation by governmental regulatory commissions. Rate changes may occur only after a prolonged approval period or may not occur at all, which could adversely affect earnings and dividends when costs are rising. The value of regulated utility debt securities (and, to a lesser extent, equity securities) tends to have an inverse relationship to the movement of interest rates. Certain utility companies have experienced full or partial deregulation in recent years. These utility companies are frequently more similar to industrial companies in that they are subject to greater competition and have been permitted by regulators to diversify outside of their original geographic regions and their traditional lines of business. As a result, some companies may be forced to defend their core business and may be less profitable.
Proxy Voting Policy
The Trust has adopted proxy voting policies for each Fund that incorporate and amplify the proxy voting guidelines of BFA, the investment adviser to each Fund. The Trust has delegated to BFA the responsibility for voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by each Fund. The remainder of this section discusses each Fund’s proxy voting guidelines and BFA’s role in implementing such guidelines.
BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies for each Fund in a manner that BFA, in the exercise of its independent business judgment, concludes is in the best economic interests of such Fund. In some cases, BFA may determine that it is in the best economic interests of a Fund to refrain from exercising the Fund’s proxy voting rights (such as, for example, proxies on certain non-U.S. securities that might impose costly or time-consuming in-person voting requirements). With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, BFA’s approach is also driven by each Fund's economic interests. The evaluation of the economic desirability of recalling loans involves balancing the revenue-producing value of loans against the likely economic value of casting votes. Based on our evaluation of this relationship, we believe that the likely economic value of casting a vote generally is less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by BFA recalling loaned securities in order to ensure they are voted. Periodically, BFA analyzes the process and benefits of voting proxies for securities on loan, and will consider whether any modification of its proxy voting policies or procedures are necessary in light of any regulatory changes. BFA will normally vote on specific proxy issues in accordance with its proxy voting guidelines. BFA’s proxy voting guidelines provide detailed guidance as to how to vote proxies on certain important or commonly raised issues. BFA may, in the exercise of its business judgment, conclude that the proxy voting guidelines do not cover the specific matter upon which a proxy vote is requested, or that an exception to the proxy voting guidelines would be in the best economic interests of a Fund. BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of such issuer) to a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates, or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates. When voting proxies, BFA attempts to encourage issuers to follow practices that enhance shareholder value and increase transparency and allow the market to place a proper value on their assets. With respect to certain specific issues:
Each Fund generally supports the board’s nominees in the election of directors and generally supports proposals that strengthen the independence of boards of directors;
Where a director has committed himself or herself to service on more than four public company boards (but no
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  more than six public company boards in most circumstances), a Fund will consider such director’s individual circumstances in determining whether the director will be able to commit sufficient focus and time to a particular company;
Each Fund generally defers to an issuer’s choice of auditors so long as the corporate auditors represent the interests of shareholders and provide an independent view of the propriety of financial reporting decisions of management;
Each Fund generally favors disclosure of a company’s compensation and benefits policies and opposes excessive compensation, but believes that compensation matters are normally best determined by a company’s board of directors;
Each Fund generally expects to support capital structure requests that it believes enhance the rights of common shareholders and oppose requests that appear to be unreasonably dilutive;
Each Fund generally does not support proposals on social issues that lack a demonstrable economic benefit to the issuer and the Fund investing in such issuer; and
Each Fund generally votes against anti-takeover proposals and proposals that would create additional barriers or costs to corporate transactions that are likely to deliver a premium to shareholders.
BFA maintains institutional policies and procedures that are designed to prevent any relationship between the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of the issuer) and a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates (if any) or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates, from having undue influence on BFA’s proxy voting activity. In certain instances, BFA may determine to engage an independent fiduciary to vote proxies as a further safeguard against potential conflicts of interest or as otherwise required by applicable law. The independent fiduciary may either vote such proxies or provide BFA with instructions as to how to vote such proxies. In the latter case, BFA votes the proxy in accordance with the independent fiduciary’s determination.
Information with respect to how BFA voted proxies relating to the Funds' portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30 is available: (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or through the Funds' website at www.iShares.com; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio holdings information that requires that such information be disclosed in a manner that: (i) is consistent with applicable legal requirements and in the best interests of each Fund’s respective shareholders; (ii) does not put the interests of BFA, the Distributor or any affiliated person of BFA or the Distributor, above those of Fund shareholders; (iii) does not advantage any current or prospective Fund shareholders over any other current or prospective Fund shareholders, except to the extent that certain Entities (as described below) may receive portfolio holdings information not available to other current or prospective Fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units, as discussed below, and certain information may be provided to personnel of BFA and its affiliates who manage funds that invest a significant percentage of their assets in shares of the Fund for the purpose of facilitating risk management and hedging activities; and (iv) does not provide selective access to portfolio holdings information except pursuant to the procedures outlined below and to the extent appropriate confidentiality arrangements limiting the use of such information are in effect. The “Entities” referred to in sub-section (iii) above are generally limited to National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) members, subscribers to various fee-based subscription services, large institutional investors (known as “Authorized Participants”) that have been authorized by the Distributor to purchase and redeem large blocks of shares pursuant to legal requirements and market makers and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information or transactional services.
Each business day, each Fund's portfolio holdings information is provided to the Distributor or other agent for dissemination through the facilities of the NSCC and/or other fee-based subscription services to NSCC members and/or subscribers to those other fee-based subscription services, including market makers and Authorized Participants, and to entities that publish and/or analyze such information in connection with the process of purchasing or redeeming Creation Units or trading shares of the Funds in the secondary market or evaluating such potential transactions. This information typically reflects each Fund’s anticipated holdings on the following business day.
Daily access to information concerning the Funds' portfolio holdings is permitted (i) to certain personnel of those service providers that are involved in portfolio management and providing administrative, operational, risk management, or other
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support to portfolio management; and (ii) to other personnel of the Funds' investment adviser and the Distributor and their affiliates, and the administrator, custodian and fund accountant who deal directly with or assist in, functions related to investment management, distribution, administration, custody, securities lending and fund accounting, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with agreements with the Funds and the terms of the Funds' current registration statements. In addition, each Fund discloses its portfolio holdings and the percentages they represent of the Fund's net assets at least monthly, and as often as each day the Fund is open for business, at www.iShares.com. More information about this disclosure is available at www.iShares.com.
Portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds in the ordinary course of business after it has been disseminated to the NSCC. From time to time, information concerning portfolio holdings other than portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds, including rating or ranking organizations, in the ordinary course of business, no earlier than one business day following the date of the information.
Each Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings schedule in public filings with the SEC within 70 days after the end of each fiscal quarter and will provide that information to shareholders as required by federal securities laws and regulations thereunder. A Fund may, however, voluntarily disclose all or part of its portfolio holdings other than in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, in advance of required filings with the SEC, provided that such information is made generally available to all shareholders and other interested parties in a manner that is consistent with the above policy for disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Such information may be made available through a publicly-available website or other means that make the information available to all likely interested parties contemporaneously.
The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information pursuant to the above policy and procedures.
The Board reviews the policy and procedures for disclosure of portfolio holdings information at least annually.
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes
Descriptions of the Underlying Indexes are provided below.
The FTSE Global Equity Index Series
FTSE China 25 Index
Number of Components: 25
Index Description. The FTSE China 25 Index is designed to represent the performance of the largest companies in the China equity market that are available to international investors. The Underlying Index consists of 25 of the largest and most liquid Chinese companies. The securities in the Underlying Index are weighted based on the total market value of their shares. Securities with higher total market values generally have a higher representation in the Underlying Index. Underlying Index constituents are screened for liquidity and weightings are capped to avoid over-concentration in any one stock.
As of March 18, 2013, the Underlying Index consists of “Red Chip” shares, “H” shares and “P Chip” shares.
H Shares: Securities of companies incorporated in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and nominated by the Central Government for listing and trading on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong. Specifically, they are the foreign shares of a PRC issuer which are listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong.
Red Chips: FTSE defines Red Chips as companies incorporated outside the People’s Republic of China (PRC) that trade on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong which are substantially owned, directly or indirectly, by Mainland China state entities and with the majority of revenue or assets derived from Mainland China.
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P Chips: FTSE defines P Chips as companies controlled by mainland individuals, with the establishment and origin of the company in mainland China. P Chips must be incorporated outside of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and traded on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong with a majority of revenues or assets derived from Mainland China.
Component Selection Criteria. The Underlying Index is primarily rule-based, but is also monitored by a governing committee. The Secretary to the Underlying Index is responsible for conducting a quarterly review of constituents for the Underlying Index and for recommending to the governing committee any constituents to be inserted or deleted as part of the quarterly review. All eligible securities are ranked by their full market capitalizations.
Eligibility. Each security included in the Underlying Index is a current constituent of the FTSE All-World Index, an index of the FTSE Global Equity Index Series. All classes of equity securities in issue are eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index subject to conforming with free-float and liquidity restrictions.
Liquidity. Stocks are screened to ensure there is sufficient liquidity to be traded. Factors in determining liquidity include the availability of current and reliable price information and the level of trading volume relative to shares outstanding. Value traded and float turnover are also analyzed on a monthly basis to review liquidity.
Index Maintenance and Issue Changes. The FTSE Global Classification Committee is responsible for the industry classification of constituents of the Underlying Index within the FTSE Global Classification System. The FTSE Global Classification Committee may approve changes to the FTSE Global Classification System and Management Rules. FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”) appoints the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Underlying Index. The Chairman, or in his absence Deputy Chairman, will chair meetings of the Committee and will represent that Committee outside meetings. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Index Committee are collectively responsible for approving constituent changes to the Underlying Index between meetings of the Committee on advice from the Secretary to the Committee and as permitted and as specified by the Underlying Index's Ground Rules.
Additions. A company is added to the Underlying Index at the periodic review if it rises to the 15th position or above when the eligible companies are ranked by full market value before the application of any investability weightings.
Deletions. A company in the Underlying Index is deleted at the periodic review if it falls to the 36th position or below when the eligible companies are ranked by full market value before the application of any investability weighting. Any deletion to the Underlying Index will simultaneously entail an addition to the Underlying Index in order to maintain 25 Index constituents at all times.
Revisions to the Float Adjustments. The Underlying Index is reviewed quarterly for changes in free float. These reviews coincide with quarterly reviews undertaken of the Underlying Index. Implementation of any changes takes place after the close of the Underlying Index calculation on the third Friday in March, June, September and December.
Quarterly Index Rebalancing. The quarterly review of the Underlying Index constituents takes place in March, June, September and December. Any constituent changes are implemented on the next trading day following the third Friday of the same month of the review meeting. Details of the outcome of the review and the dates on which any changes are to be implemented are published as soon as possible after the Index Committee meeting has concluded. Significant Underlying Index rebalancing may cause funds based on the Underlying Index to experience trading error.
Index Availability. The Underlying Index is calculated continuously during Hong Kong trading hours and is widely disseminated to major data vendors. The Underlying Index will not be calculated on Hong Kong public holidays.
Exchange Rates and Pricing. The Underlying Index uses Reuters' real-time foreign exchange spot rates and Reuters' real-time security prices. The Underlying Index is calculated in Hong Kong Dollars. Non-Hong Kong Dollar denominated constituent prices are converted to Hong Kong Dollars in order to calculate the Underlying Index. The foreign exchange rates and security prices received from Reuters at the closing time of the Underlying Index are used to calculate the final index levels.
FTSE China (HK Listed) Index
Number of Components: approximately 156
Index Description. The FTSE China (HK Listed) Index is designed to track the performance of the large- and mid-capitalization companies in the Chinese equity market that are available to international investors. The Underlying Index
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consists of many of the largest and most liquid Chinese companies. Securities in the Underlying Index are weighted based on the total market value of their shares so that securities with higher total market values generally have a higher representation in the Underlying Index. All securities in the Underlying Index currently trade on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (“HKEX”). As of June 30, 2013, the Underlying Index consisted of 156 companies.
As of March 18, 2013, the Underlying Index consists of three types of shares: “Red Chip” shares, “H” shares and “P Chip” shares.
Red Chips: FTSE defines Red Chips as companies incorporated outside the People’s Republic of China (PRC) that trade on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong which are substantially owned, directly or indirectly, by Mainland China state entities and with the majority of revenue or assets derived from Mainland China.
H Shares: Securities of companies incorporated in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and nominated by the Central Government for listing and trading on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong. Specifically, they are the foreign shares of a PRC issuer which are listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong.
P Chips: FTSE defines P Chips as companies controlled by mainland individuals, with the establishment and origin of the company in mainland China. P Chips must be incorporated outside of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and traded on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong with a majority of revenues or assets derived from Mainland China.
Component Selection Criteria. The Underlying Index is primarily rule-based but is also monitored by a governing committee. The Secretary to the Underlying Index is responsible for conducting a quarterly review of constituents for the Underlying Index and for recommending to the governing committee any constituents to be inserted or deleted as part of the quarterly review. All eligible securities are ranked by their full market capitalizations.
Eligibility. Each security included in the Underlying Index is a current constituent of the FTSE All-World Index, an index of the FTSE Global Equity Index Series. All classes of equity securities in issue are eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index subject to conforming with free-float and liquidity restrictions.
Liquidity. Each security is tested for liquidity by calculation of its median daily trading per month. The median trade is calculated by ranking each daily trade total and selecting the middle ranking day. Daily totals with zero trades are included in the ranking, therefore a security that fails to trade for more than half of the days in a month will have a zero median trade.
Securities that do not turn over at least 0.05% of their shares in issue (after the application of any investability weightings) based on their median daily trade per month in ten of the twelve months prior to a full market review will not be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index.
An existing constituent failing to trade at least 0.04% of its shares in issue (after the application of any investability weightings) based on its median daily trade per month for more than four of the twelve months prior to a full market review will be removed.
Index Maintenance and Issue Changes. Regional FTSE committees are responsible for undertaking review of the Underlying Index and for approving changes.
Corporate actions including new issues, deletions, mergers, splits, suspensions and constituent weight changes in the Underlying Index are applied in the same consistent manner as in the FTSE Global Equity Index Series.
Review Dates. The Underlying Index is reviewed in March using data as at the close of business on the last working day in December.
All relevant changes arising from review of the FTSE Global Equity Index Series are also applied to the Underlying Index.
Revisions to the Float Adjustments. The Underlying Index is periodically reviewed for changes in free float. These reviews coincide with quarterly reviews undertaken by the FTSE Regional Committees. Implementation of changes happens at the close of business on the third Friday in March, June, September or December. A constituent’s free float will also be reviewed and adjusted if necessary:
by identifying information which necessitates a change in free float weighting or
following a corporate event.
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Index Availability. The Underlying Index is published every 15 seconds during the Official Index Period, using last trade prices, and is widely disseminated to major data vendors. The Official Index Period is 10:00 to 16:00 local Hong Kong hours. The Underlying Index is not calculated on Hong Kong public holidays.
Exchange Rates and Pricing. The Underlying Index uses Reuters’ real-time foreign exchange spot rates and Reuters’ real-time security prices. The Underlying Index is calculated in Hong Kong Dollars. Non-Hong Kong Dollar denominated constituent prices are converted to Hong Kong Dollars in order to calculate the Underlying Index. The foreign exchange rates and security prices received from Reuters at the closing time of the Underlying Index are used to calculate the final index levels.
The MSCI Indexes
The MSCI indexes were founded in 1969 by Capital International S.A. as the first international performance benchmarks constructed to facilitate accurate comparison of world markets. The MSCI single country standard equity indexes have covered the world's developed markets since 1969 and in 1987 MSCI commenced coverage of emerging markets.
Local stock exchanges traditionally calculated their own indexes, which were generally not comparable with one another due to differences in the representation of the local market, mathematical formulas, base dates and methods of adjusting for capital changes. MSCI, however, applies the same calculation methodology to all markets for all single country standard equity indexes, both developed and emerging.
MSCI's Global Investable Market Indexes (the “MSCI GIMI”) provide exhaustive coverage and non-overlapping market segmentation by market capitalization size and by style. The MSCI GIMI intends to target approximately 99% coverage of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in each market of large-, mid- and small-cap securities.
MSCI Global Standard Indexes cover all investable large- and mid-cap securities by including approximately 85% of each market's free float-adjusted market capitalization.
MSCI Global Small Cap Indexes provide coverage to all companies with a market capitalization below that of the companies in the MSCI Global Standard Indexes by including above and beyond the coverage of the MSCI Global Standard Indexes.
MSCI Global Investable Market Indexes
Selection Criteria. MSCI's index construction process involves: (i) defining the equity universe; (ii) determining the market investable equity universe for each market; (iii) determining market capitalization size segments for each market; (iv) applying final size segment investability requirements; and (v) applying index continuity rules for the MSCI Global Standard Index.
Defining the Equity Universe. MSCI begins with securities listed in countries in the MSCI GIMI. Of these countries, as of June 28, 2013, 24 are classified as developed markets, 21 as emerging markets, and 25 as frontier markets. All listed equity securities and listed securities that exhibit characteristics of equity securities, except mutual funds, ETFs, equity derivatives, limited partnerships and most investment trusts, are eligible for inclusion in the equity universe. REITs in some countries and certain income trusts in Canada are also eligible for inclusion. Each company and its securities (i.e., share classes) are classified in only one country.
Determining the Market Investable Equity Universe for Each Market. The equity universe in any market is derived by applying investability screens to individual companies and securities in the equity universe of that market. Some investability requirements are applied at the individual security level and some at the overall company level, represented by the aggregation of individual securities of the company. As a result, the inclusion or exclusion of one security does not imply the automatic inclusion or exclusion of other securities of the same company.
Determining Market Capitalization Size Segments for Each Market. In each market, MSCI creates an Investable Market Index, Standard Index, Large Cap Index, Mid Cap Index and Small Cap Index. The MSCI Global Standard Index is the aggregation of the Large Cap Index and Mid Cap Index. The MSCI GIMI is the aggregation of the MSCI Global Standard Index and MSCI Global Small Cap Index. In order to create size components that can be meaningfully aggregated into composites, individual market size segments balance the following two objectives:
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Achieving global size integrity by ensuring that companies of comparable and relevant sizes are included in a given size segment across all markets in a composite index; and
Achieving consistent market coverage by ensuring that each market's size segment is represented in its proportional weight in the composite universe.
Applying Final Size Segment Investability Requirements. In order to enhance replicability of the indexes, additional size segment investability requirements are set for the MSCI GIMI and MSCI Global Standard Index. These investability requirements include minimum free float-adjusted market capitalization, minimum liquidity, minimum foreign limits and minimum length of trading.
Applying Index Continuity Rules for the Standard Index. In order to achieve index continuity as well as provide some basic level of diversification within a market index, notwithstanding the effect of other index construction rules contained herein, a minimum number of five constituents will be maintained for a developed market Standard Index and a minimum number of three constituents will be maintained for an emerging market Standard Index.
Weighting. All indexes of the MSCI GIMI are free float weighted, i.e., companies are included in the indexes at the value of their free public float (free float multiplied by security price).
Regional Weights. Market capitalization weighting, combined with a consistent target of approximately 99% of free float-adjusted market capitalization, helps ensure that each country's weight in regional and international indexes approximates its weight in the total universe of developing and emerging markets. A market is equivalent to a single country except for developed Europe, where all markets are aggregated into a single market for index construction purposes. Individual country indexes of the European developed markets are derived from the constituents of the MSCI GIMI Europe Index.
Free Float. MSCI defines the free float of a security as the proportion of shares outstanding that are deemed to be available for purchase in the public equity markets by international investors. In practice, limitations on free float available to international investors include: (i) strategic and other shareholdings not considered part of available free float; and (ii) limits on share ownership for foreigners.
Under MSCI's free float-adjustment methodology, a constituent's inclusion factor is equal to its estimated free float rounded-up to the closest 5% for constituents with free float equal to or exceeding 15%. For example, a constituent security with a free float of 23.2% will be included in the index at 25% of its market capitalization. For securities with a free float of less than 15%, the estimated free float is adjusted to the nearest 1%.
Price and Exchange Rates
Prices. The prices used to calculate all MSCI indexes are the official exchange closing prices or those figures accepted as such. MSCI reserves the right to use an alternative pricing source on any given day.
Exchange Rates. Since July 2000, MSCI uses the WM/Reuters Closing Spot Rates taken at 4:00 p.m. London time. In case WM/Reuters does not provide rates for specific markets on given days (for example, Christmas Day and New Year's Day), the previous business day's rates are normally used. MSCI independently monitors the exchange rates on all its indexes. MSCI may under exceptional circumstances elect to use alternative sources of exchange rates if the WM/Reuters rates are not available, or if MSCI determines that the WM/Reuters rates are not reflective of market circumstances for a given currency on a particular day. In such circumstances, an announcement would be sent to clients with the related information. If appropriate, MSCI may conduct a consultation with the investment community to gather feedback on the most relevant exchange rate.
Changes to the Indexes. The MSCI GIMI is maintained with the objective of reflecting, on a timely basis, the evolution of the underlying equity markets. In maintaining the MSCI indexes, emphasis is also placed on continuity, replicability and minimizing turnover in the indexes. Maintaining the MSCI indexes involves many aspects, including (i) additions to, and deletions from, the indexes; (ii) changes in number of shares; and (iii) changes in inclusion factors as a result of updated free float estimates.
Index maintenance can be described by three broad categories of changes:
Semi-Annual Index Reviews (“SAIRs”), conducted on a fixed semi-annual timetable that systematically reassess the various dimensions of the equity universe for all markets;
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Quarterly Index Reviews (“QIRs”), aimed at promptly reflecting other significant market events; and
Ongoing event-related changes, such as mergers, acquisitions, spin-offs, bankruptcies, reorganizations and other similar corporate events, which generally are implemented in the indexes as they occur.
Potential changes in the status of countries (stand-alone, frontier, emerging and developed) follow their own implementation time tables.
MSCI conducts SAIRs generally as of the close of the last business day of May and November. During the SAIRs, MSCI updates the investable equity universe and reassesses size segmentation investability requirements. MSCI also conducts QIRs generally as of the close of the last business day of February and August. During the QIRs, MSCI reflects changes in the index that were not captured at the time of their actual occurrence, but are significant enough to be included before the next SAIR. The results of the SAIR and QIR are generally announced at least ten business days in advance of implementation.
MSCI 25/50 Indexes
Each of the MSCI 25/50 Indexes (the “25/50 Indexes”) is a sub-index of either an MSCI Global Standard Index or an MSCI GIMI. Their construction reflects the diversification requirements applicable to RICs pursuant to Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. The 25/50 Indexes are free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted indexes with a capping methodology applied to issuer weights so that no single issuer of a component exceeds 25% of index weight and all issuers with a weight above 5% do not exceed 50% of the index weight. A software application called the Barra Optimizer is utilized to calculate the capped index weights through an optimization function which is aimed at minimizing index turnover, tracking error and extreme deviation from the uncapped index.
MSCI EAFE Growth Index
Number of Components: approximately 520
Index Description. The MSCI EAFE Growth Index is a subset of the MSCI EAFE Index and constituents of the Underlying Index include securities from Europe, Australasia and the Far East. The Underlying Index generally represents approximately 50% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization of the MSCI EAFE Index and consists of those securities classified by MSCI as most representing the growth style. Securities classified as growth style generally tend to have higher forecasted growth rates, lower book value to price ratios, lower forward earnings to price ratios and lower dividend yields than securities representing the value style. MSCI uses a specialized framework to attribute both growth and value style characteristics to each security within the MSCI EAFE Index. Each security is evaluated based on certain value factors and growth factors, which are then used to calculate a growth score and value score. Based upon these two scores, MSCI determines the extent to which each security is assigned to the growth or value style. It is possible for a single security to have representation in both the growth and value style indexes, however, no more than 100% of a security’s float-adjusted market capitalization will be included within the combined style framework.
MSCI EAFE Index
Number of Components: approximately 908
Index Description. The MSCI EAFE Index is commonly used as a measure of international stock performance. Constituents of the Underlying Index include securities from Europe, Australasia and the Far East.
Calculation Methodology. The iShares MSCI EAFE ETF utilizes the Underlying Index calculated with net dividends reinvested. “Net dividends” means dividends after reduction for taxes withheld at the rate applicable to holders of the underlying stock that are resident in Luxembourg. With respect to the iShares MSCI EAFE ETF, such withholding rates may differ from those applicable to U.S. residents.
The Underlying Index is calculated on a real-time basis and disseminated at regular intervals throughout the day.
MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility (USD) Index
Number of Components: approximately 183
Index Description. The MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility (USD) Index measures the performance of international equity securities from Europe, Australasia, the Middle East and the Far East, that have lower absolute volatility. Component companies include consumer staples, financials and healthcare companies. Each security included in the Underlying Index is a current constituent of the MSCI EAFE® Index.
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Calculation Methodology. The iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF utilizes the Underlying Index calculated with net dividends reinvested. Net dividends means dividends after taxes withheld at the rate applicable to holders of the underlying stock that are resident in Luxembourg. Such withholding rates may differ from those applicable to U.S. residents.
MSCI EAFE Small Cap Index
Number of Components: approximately 2,156
The MSCI EAFE Small Cap Index represents the small-cap universe (i.e., listed securities with a market capitalization in the range of $43 million - $5 billion) of the MSCI EAFE Index, and consists of the securities of those companies whose securities are included in the MSCI GIMI but not the MSCI Global Standard Index in a particular market.
MSCI EAFE Value Index
Number of Components: approximately 501
Index Description. The MSCI EAFE Value Index is a subset of the MSCI EAFE Index and constituents of the Underlying Index include securities from Europe, Australasia and the Far East. The Underlying Index generally represents approximately 50% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization of the MSCI EAFE Index and consists of those securities classified by MSCI as most representing the value style. Securities classified as value style generally tend to have higher book value to price ratios, higher forward earnings to price ratios, higher dividend yields and lower forecasted growth rates than securities representing the growth style. MSCI uses a specialized framework to attribute both value and growth style characteristics to each security within the MSCI EAFE Index. Each security is evaluated based on certain value factors and growth factors, which are then used to calculate a growth score and value score. Based upon these two scores, MSCI determines the extent to which each security is assigned to the value or growth style. It is possible for a single security to have representation in both the value and growth style indexes, however, no more than 100% of a security’s float-adjusted market capitalization will be included within the combined style framework.
MSCI Europe Financials Index
Number of Components: approximately 98
Index Description. The MSCI Europe Financials Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the combined equity market performance of the financials sector of developed market countries in Europe. Component securities include those of banks, diversified financial companies, insurance companies and real estate companies.
Calculation Methodology. The iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF utilizes the Underlying Index calculated with net dividends reinvested. Net dividends means dividends after taxes withheld at the rate applicable to holders of the underlying stock that are resident in Luxembourg. Such withholding rates may differ from those applicable to U.S. residents.
MSCI Far East Financials Index
Number of Components: approximately 88
Index Description. The MSCI Far East Financials Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the combined equity market performance of the financials sector of developed market countries and regions in the Far East. Component securities include those of banks, diversified financial companies, insurance companies and real estate companies.
Calculation Methodology. The iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF utilizes the Underlying Index calculated with net dividends reinvested. Net dividends means dividends after taxes withheld at the rate applicable to holders of the underlying stock that are resident in Luxembourg. Such withholding rates may differ from those applicable to U.S. residents.
MSCI USA Minimum Volatility (USD) Index
Number of Components: approximately 133
Index Description. The MSCI USA Minimum Volatility (USD) Index measures the performance of equity securities in the top 85% by market capitalization of equity securities listed on stock exchanges in the United States that have lower absolute volatility. As of June 30, 2013, the Underlying Index had 133 constituents. Component companies included consumer staples,
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health care and information technology companies. Each security included in the Underlying Index is a current constituent of the MSCI USA Index.
Calculation Methodology. The iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF utilizes the Underlying Index calculated with gross dividends reinvested. The use of gross dividends reflects the assumed reinvestment of the entire dividend distributed to holders of the underlying stock, without any adjustment for taxes or withholding.
MSCI USA Momentum Index
Number of Components: approximately 122
Index Description. The MSCI USA Momentum Index consists of stocks exhibiting relatively higher momentum characteristics than the traditional market capitalization-weighted parent index, the MSCI USA Index, which includes U.S. large- and mid-capitalization stocks. A risk-adjusted price momentum, defined as the excess return over the risk-free rate divided by the annualized standard deviation of weekly returns over the past 3-years, is calculated for each security in the parent index over 6- and 12-month time periods. The 6- and 12-month risk-adjusted price momentum calculations are then standardized at +/-3 standard deviations and the standardized z-scores are translated into an average momentum score. Approximately 100-150 securities with the highest momentum scores are selected for inclusion in the Underlying Index. The weight of each index constituent is determined by multiplying the security’s momentum score by its free-float market capitalization.
Calculation Methodology
Factor: Portfolios emphasizing securities with high price momentum have historically outperformed comparable standard benchmarks over long periods.
Each security is weighted based on its momentum score multiplied by its market capitalization, producing a final index selecting securities with positive momentum.
MSCI USA Quality Index
Number of Components: approximately 124
Index Description. The Fund seeks to track the investment results of the MSCI USA Quality Index, which is based on a traditional market capitalization-weighted parent index, the MSCI USA Index, which includes U.S. large- and mid-capitalization stocks. The Underlying Index seeks to capture the performance of quality stocks by identifying common stocks with high quality scores based on three main fundamental variables: high return on equity, stable year-over-year earnings growth and low debt-to-equity.
Calculation Methodology
The MSCI USA Quality Index holds a fixed number of securities that are chosen from constituents within the parent MSCI USA Index. The MSCI USA Quality Index aims to capture the performance of high quality stocks by identifying common stocks with high “quality scores” based on three main fundamental variables: return on equity, earnings variability, and debt-to-equity, defined as follows:
Return on Equity: Trailing 12-month earnings per share divided by the latest book value per share.
Earnings Variability: Standard deviation of year-over-year earnings per share growth over last five fiscal years.
Debt-to-Equity: Latest fiscal year total debt-to-book value.
The methodology calculates a “quality score” for each security in the parent MSCI USA Index by averaging the Z-scores of the three fundamental variables above. Approximately 100-150 securities with the highest quality scores are included in the MSCI USA Quality Index. The number of securities is currently 124, and is reviewed annually to achieve selection of at least 30% of the market capitalization of the MSCI USA Index. A security’s final weight is determined by multiplying the quality score by its free-float market capitalization weight in the parent index.
MSCI USA Risk Weighted Index
Number of Components: approximately 601
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Index Description. The MSCI USA Risk Weighted Index is based on a traditional market capitalization-weighted parent index, the MSCI USA Index, which includes U.S. large- and mid- capitalization stocks. The Underlying Index considers the “size” (market capitalization) of individual stocks in the parent index and generally is expected to have a smaller average market capitalization than the parent index. The Underlying Index reweights each security of the parent index using a rules-based methodology so that stocks with smaller average market capitalization and lower risk weightings based on the index provider's methodology constitute a higher percentage of the index. The risk weighting of each security is calculated using the inverse of its historical variance, estimated based on three years of weekly return data. The Underlying Index seeks to provide negative exposure to two systematic factors, the size factor and volatility factor, by emphasizing stocks with smaller average market capitalization and lower realized volatility than its parent index.
Calculation Methodology
Factor: Portfolios emphasizing securities with smaller market capitalizations have historically outperformed comparable standard benchmarks over long periods.
The index methodology reweights index constituents to overweight components with lower historical return variance (volatility). The resulting index not only has lower volatility than the parent (capitalization-weighted) index, but also tilts the portfolio toward stocks with smaller average market capitalizations than the parent index. Weighting constituents by volatility achieves a smaller average market capitalization because the difference between minimum and maximum volatility measures is typically not as pronounced as the difference between minimum and maximum market capitalization weights. In addition, the index methodology bounds these volatility measures within a range of 12% to 80%. As a result, the weights of stocks with smaller market capitalizations in the Underlying Index are higher relative to the capitalization-weighted parent index.
MSCI USA Value Weighted Index
Number of Components: approximately 601
Index Description. The MSCI USA Value Weighted Index is based on a traditional market capitalization-weighted parent index, the MSCI USA Index, which includes U.S. large- and mid- capitalization stocks. The Underlying Index reweights each security of the parent index to emphasize stocks with higher accounting values compared to the accounting values of the constituents in the parent index. The value weighting of each security is determined using four accounting variables based on publicly reported financial data: book value and three-year moving averages of sales, earnings, and cash earnings.
Calculation Methodology
Factor: Portfolios emphasizing securities with low valuation ratios have historically outperformed comparable standard benchmarks over long periods.
Value is defined as the average of:
most recent book value of the security relative to the cumulative book value of all index constituents,
average sales for the most recent three-year period relative to the cumulative average sales for the most recent three-year period of all index constituents,
average earnings for the most recent three-year period relative to the cumulative average earnings for the most recent three-year period of all index constituents, and
cash flow for the most recent three-year period relative to the cumulative average cash flow for the most recent three-year period of all index constituents.
Each security is weighted based on its value score multiplied by its market capitalization, producing a final index “tilted” toward value.
Additional Information. “MSCI,” MSCI EAFE® Index, MSCI EAFE® Growth Index, MSCI EAFE® Minimum Volatility Index, MSCI EAFE® Small Cap Index, MSCI EAFE® Value Index, MSCI Emerging Markets Financials Index, MSCI Emerging Markets Materials Index, MSCI Europe Financials Index, MSCI Far East Financials Index, MSCI USA Minimum Volatility Index, MSCI USA Momentum Index, MSCI USA Quality Index, MSCI USA Risk Weighted Index and MSCI USA Value Weighted Index are servicemarks of MSCI Inc. and have been licensed for use by BFA or its affiliates. The Funds are neither sponsored, endorsed, sold nor promoted by MSCI Inc., and MSCI Inc. makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any of the Funds.
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The NYSE Indexes
Component Selection Criteria. The NYSE Indexes track the performance of specified New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) listed securities. The Indexes are maintained according to a rules-based methodology. The Indexes are capitalization-weighted, adjusted for free-float shares and calculated on a price and total return basis. The Indexes are weighted by float-adjusted market capitalization, rather than full market capitalization, in order to better reflect the actual number of shares available to investors. The Indexes are published every business day, and real-time updates are disseminated to financial data vendors whenever the NYSE is open.
Issue Changes. The weightings of securities (i.e., “components”) in each Index are reviewed quarterly based on market capitalization and free-float data (with the exception of the NYSE Composite, NYSE Energy, NYSE Financial and NYSE Health Care Indexes, each of which is rebalanced on an ongoing basis). All index-component companies must meet the substantive listing requirements of the NYSE; components that fail to meet such requirements are dropped from the Indexes. Quarterly reviews are implemented during March, June, September, and December. Changes in index composition and related weight may also be necessary on an ongoing basis to reflect extraordinary events such as delistings, bankruptcies, mergers or takeovers involving index components and changes of more than 10% in the number of outstanding shares of an Index.
Index Maintenance. Index maintenance includes monitoring and implementing the adjustments for component additions and deletions, share changes, stock splits, stock dividends, corporate restructurings, spin-offs, or other corporate actions. Some corporate actions, such as stock splits and stock dividends, require simple changes in the common shares outstanding and the stock prices of the component companies in the Index. Other corporate actions, such as share issuances, change the aggregate free-float adjusted market capitalization of the Indexes and require additional adjustments. Corporate actions will be implemented after the close of trading on the day prior to the ex-date of such corporate actions. Whenever possible, changes to the Indexes’ components will be announced at least two business days prior to their implementation date.
If trading in a security is suspended while the NYSE is open, the last traded price for that security on the NYSE is used for all subsequent index computations until trading resumes. If trading is suspended before the opening of the NYSE on a given day, the security’s adjusted closing price from the previous day is used to calculate the Index. Until a particular security opens, its adjusted closing price from the previous day is used in the Index computation.
Index Availability. The NYSE Indexes are calculated continuously and are available from major data vendors.
NYSE Composite Index®
Number of Components: approximately 1,912
Index Overview and Description. The NYSE Composite Index measures the performance of all common stocks, American Depositary receipts, REITs and tracking stocks listed on the NYSE. As of June 30, 2013, the Underlying Index had a total market capitalization of approximately $18.94 trillion. Although all of the securities in the Underlying Index are registered for sale in the U.S., as of September 30, 2013, approximately 20% of the Underlying Index’s component securities were issued by non-U.S. companies.
Methodology. Only common stocks, ADRs, REITs and tracking stocks listed on the NYSE are eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index. Multiple classes of shares of the same issuer are eligible to be included in the Underlying Index. Preferred stocks, closed-end funds, ETFs, trust units, shares of beneficial interest, shares in limited partnerships, and derivative securities (such as warrants and rights) are not eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index.
Calculation and Dissemination. The Underlying Index is calculated whenever the NYSE is open using the latest traded price on the NYSE for each security in the Underlying Index. Following the determination of the previous day’s closing Underlying Index value, the Underlying Index values for the current day are updated and disseminated following the opening of NYSE trading on a real-time basis beginning when the first traded price of any of the Underlying Index components are received. Intraday index values are calculated using the last consolidated trade price for each constituent. The closing level of the index is calculated using published official closing price from the NYSE for each index constituent.
Weighting. The Underlying Index is weighted by float-adjusted market capitalization, rather than full market capitalization, to reflect the actual number of shares available to investors. Shares held by governments, corporations, strategic partners of the issuer and control groups are excluded from an issuer’s available float when determining Underlying Index weightings.
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NYSE U.S. 100 Index®
Number of Components: 100
Index Overview and Description. The NYSE U.S. 100 Index is designed to measure the performance of the largest 100 U.S. companies, based on market capitalization, listed on the NYSE. As of June 30, 2013, these companies had a total market capitalization of approximately $7.53 trillion, which represents approximately 30.11% of the entire market capitalization of U.S.-registered equity securities and approximately 5.05% of all common stocks listed on the NYSE.
Methodology. Only common stocks and other securities that have the characteristics of common equities of U.S. companies listed on the NYSE are eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index. Fixed-dividend shares and securities such as convertible notes, warrants, rights, mutual funds, unit investment trusts, closed-end fund shares, shares in limited partnerships and tracking stocks are not eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index. Companies that have less than 100,000 shares in average daily trading volume for the preceding three months are ineligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index. If a company has multiple share classes, only the class of shares that has the highest average daily trading volume during the preceding three months is included in the Underlying Index.
Calculation and Dissemination. The Underlying Index is calculated whenever the NYSE is open using the latest traded price on the NYSE for each security in the Underlying Index. Following the determination of the previous day’s closing Underlying Index value, the Underlying Index values for the current day are updated and disseminated following the opening of NYSE trading on a real-time basis, beginning when the first traded price of any of the Underlying Index components are received. Intraday index values are calculated using the last consolidated trade price for each constituent. The closing level of the index is calculated using published official closing price from the NYSE for each index constituent.
Weighting. The Underlying Index is weighted by float-adjusted market capitalization, rather than full market capitalization, to reflect the actual number of shares available to investors. Shares held by governments, corporations, strategic partners of the issuer and other control groups are excluded from a company’s available float when determining Underlying Index weightings.
Index Maintenance. The Underlying Index is rebalanced quarterly, with an “80-120” buffer applied to limit turnover. When the eligible universe is ranked by market capitalization, all stocks (components and new components) in the top 80 are automatically included in the Underlying Index while all stocks ranked below 120, including prior components, are automatically excluded. The remaining components are selected from stocks falling between 80 and 120, starting with the highest ranked prior components. If all prior components in this group have been added to the Underlying Index and spaces are still left, new components are added, starting with the largest capitalization stocks. Initial public offerings (“IPOs”) and new listings are eligible for inclusion at the quarterly rebalancing following their sale or listing, provided that their market capitalization and trading volumes have met the threshold for inclusion for at least five trading days. However, if an IPO company or new listing would be in the top 25% of the Underlying Index's market capitalization, it may be included between reviews, provided that a minimum notification period of two business days is observed.
In addition to the scheduled quarterly rebalancing, the Underlying Index is rebalanced on an ongoing basis to accommodate extraordinary events, such as delistings, bankruptcies, mergers and acquisitions and changes of more than 10% in the number of outstanding shares of an Underlying Index component.
The PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index
Number of Components: approximately 30
Index Description. The PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index is designed to track the performance of U.S.-traded securities of a set of companies engaged in the design, distribution, manufacture and sale of semiconductors.
Index Calculation. The Underlying Index is a modified capitalization-weighted index. The value of the Underlying Index equals the aggregate value of the Underlying Index share weights, also known as the Index Shares, of each of the Underlying Index securities multiplied by each such security’s Last Sale Price1, and divided by the divisor of the Underlying Index. The divisor serves the purpose of scaling such aggregate index value to a lower order of magnitude which is more desirable for reporting purposes. The Underlying Index began on December 1, 1993 at a base value of 100.00, as adjusted.
The formula for index value is as follows:
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Aggregate Adjusted Market Value/Divisor
The formula for the divisor is as follows:
(Market Value after Adjustments/Market Value before Adjustments) X Divisor before Adjustments
Two versions of the Underlying Index are calculated – a price return index and a total return index.
The price return index (NASDAQ: SOX) is ordinarily calculated without regard to cash dividends on Underlying Index securities.
The total return index (NASDAQ: XSOX) reinvests cash dividends on the ex-date.
Both Indexes reflect extraordinary cash distributions. The total return index was synchronized to the value of the price return index at the close on December 22, 2009.
The Underlying Index is calculated during the trading day and is disseminated once per second from 09:30:01 to 17:16:00 ET. The closing value of the Underlying Index may change up until 17:15:00 ET due to corrections to the Last Sale Price of the Underlying Index securities. If trading in an Underlying Index security is halted on its primary listing market, the most recent Last Sale Price is used for all index computations until trading on such market resumes. Likewise, the most recent Last Sale Price is used if trading in a security is halted on its primary listing market before the market is open.
Initial Security Eligibility Criteria. Index eligibility is limited to specific security types only. The security types eligible for the Underlying Index include common stocks, ordinary shares, ADRs, shares of beneficial interest or limited partnership interests.
To be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index, a security must meet the following criteria:
a security must be listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market® (NASDAQ®), the NYSE, or NYSE MKT;
the issuer of the security must be classified as a company whose primary business is involved in the design, distribution, manufacture, and sale of semiconductors under the Industry Classification Benchmark2 code 9576;
one security per issuer is permitted. If an issuer has multiple securities, the security with the largest market capitalization will be selected for possible inclusion in the Underlying Index;
the security must have a minimum market capitalization of at least $100 million;
the security must have traded at least 1.5 million shares in each of the last six months;
the security must have listed options on a recognized options market in the U.S. or be eligible for listed-options trading on a recognized options market in the U.S.;
the security may not be issued by an issuer currently in bankruptcy proceedings;
the issuer of the security may not have entered into a definitive agreement or other arrangement which would likely result in the security no longer being Index eligible;
the issuer of the security may not have annual financial statements with an audit opinion that is currently withdrawn;
the issuer of the security must have been “seasoned” on a recognized market for at least 3 months; and
one security per issuer is permitted. If an issuer has multiple securities, the security with the largest market capitalization will be selected for possible inclusion in the Index.
Index Evaluation. The Underlying Index securities are evaluated annually in September. The above Eligibility Criteria are applied using market data as of the end of July. Securities meeting the Criteria are then ranked by market capitalization. The top 30 securities by market capitalization are included in the Underlying Index. Security additions and deletions are made effective after the close of trading on the third Friday in September.
Additionally, if at any time during the year other than during the ranking review, an Underlying Index security is determined to have become ineligible for continued inclusion in the Underlying Index, or at the end of January, April, July or October does not have a Last Sale Price of at least $3.00, then the security will be replaced with the largest market capitalization security not currently in the Index and that both meets the Eligibility Criteria listed above and has at least a $3.00 Last Sale Price. Ordinarily, a security will be removed from the Index at its Last Sale Price. If, however, at the time of its removal a security is
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halted from trading on its primary listing market and an official closing price cannot be readily determined, the security may, in NASDAQ’s discretion, be removed at a zero price. The zero price will be applied to the security after the close of the market but prior to the time the official closing value of the Index is disseminated, which is ordinarily 17:16:00 ET.
Index Maintenance. Changes in the price and/or Index Shares driven by corporate events such as stock dividends, stock splits and certain spin-offs and rights issuances are adjusted on the ex-date. If the change in total shares outstanding arising from other corporate actions is greater than or equal to 10.0%, the change is made as soon as practicable. (If a security is a depositary receipt, the total shares outstanding is the actual depositary shares outstanding as reported by the depositary banks.) Otherwise, if the change in total shares outstanding is less than 10.0%, then all such changes are accumulated through the end of February, May, August and November and made effective at one time on a quarterly basis after the close of trading on the third Friday in each of March, June, September and December. The Index Shares are adjusted by the same percentage amount by which the total shares outstanding have changed.
A special cash dividend announced by the listing exchange will result in an adjustment to the Last Sale Price of an Underlying Index security prior to market open on the ex-date for the special amount distributed. A special dividend may also be referred to as extra, extraordinary, non-recurring, one-time, unusual, etc.
Ordinarily, whenever there is a change in Index Shares, a change in a security, or a change to the price of a security due to spin-offs, rights issuances or special cash dividends, the Divisor is adjusted to ensure that there is no discontinuity in the value of the Underlying Index which might otherwise be caused by any such change. All changes are announced in advance and are reflected in the Underlying Index prior to market open on the Underlying Index effective date.
Index Rebalancing. The Underlying Index employs a modified market capitalization-weighting methodology. At each quarter, the Underlying Index is rebalanced such that the maximum weight of any security does not exceed 8% and no more than 5 securities are at that cap. The excess weight of any capped security is distributed proportionally across the remaining securities in the Underlying Index. If after redistribution, any of the five highest ranked securities in the Underlying Index are weighted below 8%, these securities are not capped. Next, any remaining securities in excess of 4% are capped at 4% and the excess weight is redistributed proportionally across the remaining securities in the Underlying Index. The process is repeated, if necessary, to derive the final weights.
The modified market capitalization-weighting methodology is applied to the capitalization of each security, using the Last Sale Price of the security at the close of trading on the last trading day in February, May, August and November. Index Shares are then calculated by multiplying the weight of the security derived above by the new market value of the Underlying Index and dividing the modified market capitalization for each security by its corresponding Last Sale Price. The changes are effective after trading on the third Friday in March, June, September and December.
In administering the Underlying Index, NASDAQ OMX may, from time to time, exercise reasonable discretion as it deems appropriate in order to ensure the integrity of the Underlying Index.
Index Availability. The Underlying Index is calculated continuously and widely disseminated to major data vendors.

1 For purposes of this document, “Last Sale Price” refers to the following: For a security listed on NASDAQ, it is the last sale price on NASDAQ, which normally would be the Nasdaq Official Closing Price (NOCP) when NASDAQ is closed. For any NYSE-listed or NYSE MKT-listed security, it is the last regular way trade reported on such security’s primary U.S. listing market. If a security does not trade on its primary listing market on a given day, the most recent last sale price from the primary listing market (adjusted for corporate actions, if any) is used.
2 Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB) is a product of FTSE International Limited and has been licensed for use.
The S&P Indexes
The S&P North American Natural Resources Sector Index, the S&P North American Technology Sector Index, the S&P North American Technology Multimedia Networking Index and the S&P North American Technology Software Index are referred to as the “S&P Indexes.” The S&P Indexes are calculated and owned by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC (“S&P Dow Jones Indices” or “S&P”) and have been licensed for use to BFA or its affiliates.
Component Selection Criteria for Domestic Indexes. The S&P Dow Jones Indices Index Committee is responsible for the overall management of the S&P Indexes. Issuers (i.e., the “components”) selected for the S&P U.S. Indexes represent a broad range of industry segments within the U.S. economy. The starting universe of publicly traded U.S. issuers classified by the
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Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS®) is screened to eliminate ADRs, mutual funds, limited partnerships, royalty trusts, certain holding issuers, OTC bulletin board issues, pink sheet-listed issues, closed-end funds, ETFs and tracking stocks. REITs, except for mortgage REITs, are eligible for inclusion in the Indexes. The stock of each constituent must trade on either the NYSE, the American Stock Exchange (“AMEX”) or on NASDAQ. Additionally, only one share class per constituent will be included in an Index. The share class is selected by S&P and is generally defined as the largest, most liquid share class. Issuers with multiple share classes will have the classes combined for purposes of calculation of market capitalization. The following criteria are then analyzed to determine an issuer’s eligibility for inclusion in the S&P Indexes: (i) ownership of an issuer’s outstanding common stock, in order to screen out closely held issuers; (ii) trading volume of an issuer’s shares, in order to ensure ample liquidity and efficient share pricing; and (iii) the financial and operating condition of an issuer.
The S&P Indexes are capitalization-weighted, based on the following formula: number of outstanding shares of a constituent (as determined by the float-adjusted market capitalization using S&P’s methodology) multiplied by the constituent’s share price. Issuers with float-adjusted market capitalizations below certain thresholds are not eligible for the Indexes. In addition, the market capitalization of an issuer eligible for inclusion typically must be greater than the Index’s minimum market capitalization at the time it is being considered for Index inclusion. The market capitalizations of an Index’s constituents are adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events. The market capitalizations of an Index’s constituent are adjusted for all strategic holdings, including private, corporate, and government holdings.
Additional Component Selection Criteria for S&P North American Sector Indexes. To be eligible for the S&P North American Sector Indexes, issuers must be a member of either the S&P Total Market Index (TMI) or the S&P/TSX Composite Index. The S&P North American Sector Indexes are modified market capitalization weighted. After S&P calculates the float-adjusted market capitalizations, weights are modified so that no single constituent exceeds limits predetermined by S&P. If the combined weight of all the constituents with an individual weight greater than 5% exceeds a certain amount determined by S&P, then S&P reduces the weightings of such stocks in accordance with its methodology. Each index constituent can be a member of one, and only one, S&P North American Sector Index.
The S&P North American Sector Indexes are rebalanced semiannually on the third Friday of June and December. Except for major corporate actions such as mergers and spin-offs, stocks can only be added to or deleted from an Index at the time of the semi-annual rebalancing. In the case of GICS changes, where an issuer does not belong to a qualifying sector after the classification change, the issuer is removed from the relevant Index at the next rebalancing.
Component Selection Criteria for International Indexes. Stocks are eligible for the S&P Global Indices if they meet criteria for size, liquidity, profitability, and sector and market representation. Each of the S&P Global Indices is balanced across country and sector weights in the region/market. The S&P Global Indices begin with an eligible investable universe of stocks covering approximately 95% of each country’s total market capitalization. In some cases, the S&P Global Indexes may include ADRs and GDRs. Stocks with relatively small market capitalization or insufficient liquidity are excluded by S&P. To identify a candidate pool for index constituent selection, all stocks are carefully examined using a set of general criteria. The specific securities are then screened for industry sector classification; thus, the eligible securities are ranked according to GICS. Then, the Index components, now determined, are weighted on the basis of S&P’s float-adjusted, market capitalization methodology. Generally, S&P observes a prospective constituent’s liquidity over a period of at least six months before consideration for inclusion. However, there may be extraordinary situations when issuers should be added immediately (e.g., certain privatizations). When a particular issuer dominates its home market, it may be excluded from an Index if analysis of the sectors reveals that its securities are not as liquid as those of similar issuers in other countries. Once a year, the float adjustments will be reviewed and potentially changed based on such review. The values of an Index’s constituents are adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions and other capital events. The market capitalization of index constituent issuers is adjusted for all strategic holdings, including private, corporate, and government holdings.
With respect to the non-U.S. components of the S&P Global Indexes, the eligible universe of index components that are considered for inclusion are from the following S&P Indexes: (i) the Toronto Stock Exchange, which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks of the publicly listed issuers in the Canadian equities market; (ii) the S&P/TOPIX 150 (Tokyo Stock Exchange) which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks of the publicly-listed issuers in the Japanese equities market; (iii) S&P/ASX All-Australian 50 Index (Australian Stock Exchange), which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks in the Australian equities market; (iv) the S&P Asia 50, which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks of four major equities markets in Asia (Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore); (v) the S&P Latin America 40, which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks
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from major sectors of the Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Chilé equity markets; and (vi) the S&P Europe 350, which represents the liquid, large-cap stocks of the publicly listed issuers in the region, covering approximately 70% of the region’s market capitalization.
Issue Changes. General oversight responsibility for the S&P Indexes, including overall policy guidelines and methodology, is handled by the S&P Global Index Committee. Maintenance of component investments, including additions and deletions to these investments, is the responsibility of separate regional index committees composed of S&P staff specialized in the various regional equity markets and, in some cases, with the assistance of local stock exchanges. Public announcements of index changes as the result of committee decisions will generally be made two business days in advance of the anticipated effective date whenever possible, although for exceptional corporate events announcements may be made earlier.
Index Maintenance. Maintaining the S&P Indexes includes monitoring and completing the adjustments for issuer additions and deletions, share changes, stock splits, stock dividends, and stock price adjustments due to restructuring and spin-offs. An issuer will be removed from the S&P Indexes as a result of mergers/acquisitions, bankruptcy, or restructuring. An issuer is removed from the relevant index as close as possible to the actual date on which the event occurred. An issuer can be removed from an index because it no longer meets current criteria for inclusion and/or is no longer representative of its industry group. All replacement issuers are selected based on the above component section criteria.
When calculating index weights, individual constituents’ shares held by governments, corporations, strategic partners, or other control groups are excluded from the issuer’s shares outstanding. Shares owned by other issuers are also excluded regardless of whether they are index constituents. In countries with regulated environments, where a foreign investment limit exists at the sector or issuer level, the constituent’s weight will reflect either the foreign investment limit or the percentage float, whichever is the more restrictive.
Each issuer’s financial statements will be used to update the major shareholders’ ownership. However, during the course of the year, S&P also monitors each issuer’s Investable Weight Factor (“IWF”) which is S& P’s term for the mathematical float factor used to calculate the float adjustment. If a change in IWF is caused by a major corporate action (i.e., privatization, merger, takeover, or share offering) and the change equal to or greater than 5%, a float adjustment will be implemented as soon as reasonably possible.
Changes in the number of shares outstanding driven by corporate events such as stock dividends, splits, and rights issues will be adjusted on the ex-date. Share changes of 5% or greater are implemented when they occur. Share changes of less than 5% are only updated on a quarterly basis on the Friday near the end of the calendar quarter. Generally, index changes due to rebalancing are announced two days before the effective date by way of a news release posted on www.indices.standardandpoors.com.
Index Availability. The S&P Indexes are calculated continuously and are available from major data vendors.
Exchange Rates. S&P uses the WM/Reuters Closing Spot Rates taken at 4:00 p.m. London time for the following funds: iShares North American Natural Resources ETF, iShares North American Tech ETF, iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF and iShares North American Tech-Software ETF. Prior to January 2013, S&P used a different exchange rate calculation for these funds. In case WM/Reuters does not provide rates for specific markets on given days (for example, Christmas Day and New Year’s Day), the previous business day’s rates are normally used. S&P independently monitors the exchange rates on all its indexes. S&P may under exceptional circumstances elect to use alternative sources of exchange rates if the WM/Reuters rates are not available, or if S&P determines that the WM/Reuters rates are not reflective of market circumstances for a given currency on a particular day.
S&P North American Natural Resources Sector IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 141
Index Description. The S&P North American Natural Resources Sector IndexTM is designed to measure the performance of U.S.-traded stocks of natural resource-related companies in the U.S. and Canada.
S&P North American Technology Sector IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 258
Index Description. The S&P North American Technology Sector IndexTM is designed to measure the performance of U.S.-traded stocks of technology-related companies in the U.S. and Canada.
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S&P North American Technology Multimedia Networking IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 25
Index Description. The S&P North American Technology Multimedia Networking IndexTM is designed to measure the performance of U.S.-traded stocks of communication equipment companies in the U.S. and Canada.
S&P North American Technology Software IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 59
Index Description. The S&P North American Technology Software IndexTM is designed to measure the performance of U.S.-traded stocks of software-related companies in the U.S. and Canada.
S&P® , S&P North American Natural Resources Sector Index™, S&P North American Technology Sector Index™ S&P North American Technology Multimedia Networking Index™, and S&P North American Technology Software Index™ are trademarks of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC or its affiliates.
The iShares North American Natural Resources ETF, iShares North American Tech ETF, iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF and iShares North American Tech-Software ETF (the “iShares S&P Underlying Funds”) are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC or its affiliates or third party licensors (together, “S&P Dow Jones Indices”). S&P Dow Jones Indices does not make any representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the iShares S&P Underlying Funds or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the iShares S& P Underlying Funds particularly or the ability of the S&P Indexes to track general market performance. S&P Dow Jones Indices’ only relationship to BFA or its affiliates with respect to the S&P Indexes is the licensing of the S&P Indexes and certain trademarks, service marks and/or trade names of S&P Dow Jones Indices and/or its licensors. The S&P Indexes are determined, composed and calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC without regard to BFA or its affiliates or the iShares S&P Underlying Funds. S&P Dow Jones Indices has no obligation to take the needs of BFA or its affiliates or the owners of the iShares S&P Underlying Funds into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the S&P Indexes. S&P Dow Jones Indices is responsible for and has not participated in the determination of the prices, and amount of the iShares S&P Underlying Funds or the timing of the issuance or sale of the iShares S&P Underlying Funds or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the iShares S& P Underlying Funds are to be converted into cash, surrendered or redeemed, as the case may be. S&P Dow Jones Indices has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the iShares S&P Underlying Funds. There is no assurance that investment products based on the S&P Indexes will accurately track index performance or provide positive investment returns. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC is not an investment advisor. Inclusion of a security within an index is not a recommendation by S&P Dow Jones Indices to buy, sell, or hold such security, nor is it considered to be investment advice.
S&P DOW JONES INDICES DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE S&P INDEXES OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO OR ANY COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY BFA OR ITS AFFILIATES, OWNERS OF THE ISHARES S&P UNDERLYING FUNDS, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE S&P INDEXES OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND BFA OR ITS AFFILIATES, OTHER THAN THE LICENSORS OF S&P DOW JONES INDICES.
Investment Limitations
Each Fund has adopted its investment objective as a non-fundamental investment policy. Therefore, each Fund may change its investment objective and its Underlying Index without shareholder approval. The Board has adopted as fundamental
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policies the following numbered investment restrictions, which cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities. A vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a fund meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy and (b) more than 50% of outstanding voting securities of the fund.
Each Fund (other than the iShares China Large-Cap ETF, iShares FTSE China ETF, iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF, iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF, iShares, iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF, iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF, iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF, iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF, iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF, iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF, iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF, iShares NYSE 100 ETF and iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF) will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries), except that each Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
Each of the iShares China Large-Cap ETF, iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF and iShares NYSE 100 ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue “senior securities” as defined in the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and orders thereunder, except as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and orders thereunder.
4. Make loans. This restriction does not apply to: (i) the purchase of debt obligations in which each Fund may invest
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  consistent with its investment objectives and policies; (ii) repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements; and (iii) loans of its portfolio securities, to the fullest extent permitted under the 1940 Act.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act in disposing of portfolio securities.
Each of the iShares FTSE China ETF, iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF, iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF, iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF, iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF and iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities; and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from investing in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or securities or other instruments backed by real estate or mortgages), or commodities or commodity contracts (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
Each of the iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF, iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF, iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF and iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments in a particular industry, as that term is used in the Investment Company Act, except that the Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries.
2. Borrow money, except as permitted under the Investment Company Act.
3. Issue senior securities to the extent such issuance would violate the Investment Company Act.
4. Purchase or hold real estate, except the Fund may purchase and hold securities or other instruments that are secured by, or linked to, real estate or interests therein, securities of real estate investment trusts, mortgage-related securities and securities of issuers engaged in the real estate business, and the Fund may purchase and hold real estate as a result of the ownership of securities or other instruments.
5. Underwrite securities issued by others, except to the extent that the sale of portfolio securities by the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriting or as otherwise permitted by applicable law.
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6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, except as permitted by the Investment Company Act.
7. Make loans to the extent prohibited by the Investment Company Act.
Notations Regarding each Fund’s Fundamental Investment Restrictions
The following notations are not considered to be part of each Fund’s fundamental investment restrictions and are subject to change without shareholder approval.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth in (1) above, the Investment Company Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The Commission staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a fund’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. The policy in (1) above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities of the U.S. government and its agencies or instrumentalities; securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry. There also will be no limit on investment in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction or country. Finance companies will be considered to be in the industries of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of the parents. Each foreign government will be considered to be a member of a separate industry. With respect to a Fund’s industry classifications, the Fund currently utilizes any one or more of the industry sub-classifications used by one or more widely recognized market indexes or rating group indexes, and/or as defined by Fund management. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to a Fund as to how to classify issuers within or among industries.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth in (2) above, the Investment Company Act permits each Fund to borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the Fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose, and to borrow up to 5% of the Fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes. (The Fund’s total assets include the amounts being borrowed.) To limit the risks attendant to borrowing, the Investment Company Act requires each Fund to maintain at all times an “asset coverage” of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings. Asset coverage means the ratio that the value of a Fund’s total assets (including amounts borrowed), minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.” Certain trading practices and investments, such as reverse repurchase agreements, may be considered to be borrowings or involve leverage and thus are subject to the Investment Company Act restrictions. In accordance with Commission staff guidance and interpretations, when a Fund engages in such transactions, the Fund instead of maintaining asset coverage of at least 300%, may segregate or earmark liquid assets, or enter into an offsetting position, in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s exposure, on a mark-to-market basis, to the transaction (as calculated pursuant to requirements of the Commission). The policy in (2) above will be interpreted to permit each Fund to engage in trading practices and investments that may be considered to be borrowing or to involve leverage to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act and to permit the Fund to segregate or earmark liquid assets or enter into offsetting positions in accordance with the Investment Company Act. Short-term credits necessary for the settlement of securities transactions and arrangements with respect to securities lending will not be considered to be borrowings under the policy. Practices and investments that may involve leverage but are not considered to be borrowings are not subject to the policy.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to underwriting set forth in (5) above, the Investment Company Act does not prohibit each Fund from engaging in the underwriting business or from underwriting the securities of other issuers; in fact, in the case of diversified funds, the Investment Company Act permits the Fund to have underwriting commitments of up to 25% of its assets under certain circumstances. Those circumstances currently are that the amount of each Fund’s underwriting commitments, when added to the value of the Fund’s investments in issuers where the Fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of those issuers, cannot exceed the 25% cap. A fund engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act. Although it is not believed that the application of the Securities Act provisions described above would cause a Fund to be engaged in the business of underwriting, the policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent the Fund from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities, regardless of whether the Fund may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act or is otherwise engaged in the underwriting business to the extent permitted by applicable law.
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With respect to the fundamental policy relating to lending set forth in (7) above, the Investment Company Act does not prohibit each Fund from making loans (including lending its securities); however, Commission staff interpretations currently prohibit funds from lending more than one-third of their total assets (including lending its securities), except through the purchase of debt obligations or the use of repurchase agreements. In addition, collateral arrangements with respect to options, forward currency and futures transactions and other derivative instruments (as applicable), as well as delays in the settlement of securities transactions, will not be considered loans.
Under its non-fundamental investment restrictions, which may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval, each Fund may not:
a. Purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. As a matter of policy, however, the Fund will not purchase shares of any registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust, in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) (the “fund of funds” provisions) of the Investment Company Act, at any time the Fund has knowledge that its shares are purchased by another investment company investor in reliance on the provisions of subparagraph (G) of Section 12(d)(1).
b. Make short sales of securities or maintain a short position, except to the extent permitted by the Fund’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, as amended from time to time, and applicable law.
Unless otherwise indicated, all limitations under each Fund’s fundamental or non-fundamental investment restrictions apply only at the time that a transaction is undertaken. Any change in the percentage of a Fund’s assets invested in certain securities or other instruments resulting from market fluctuations or other changes in the Fund’s total assets will not require the Fund to dispose of an investment until BFA determines that it is practicable to sell or close out the investment without undue market or tax consequences.
In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies set forth above, each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental policy not to invest in the securities of a company for the purpose of exercising management or control, or purchase or otherwise acquire any illiquid security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, which currently permits up to 15% of each Fund’s net assets to be invested in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment).
BFA monitors the liquidity of restricted securities in each Fund’s portfolio. In reaching liquidity decisions, BFA considers the following factors:
The frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
The number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers;
Dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
The nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace in which it trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer).
If any percentage restriction described above is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in values of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction, except that certain percentage limitations will be observed continuously in accordance with applicable law.
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy in accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of its Underlying Index or in Depositary Receipts representing securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund also has adopted a non-fundamental policy to provide its shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior written notice of any change in such policy. If, subsequent to an investment, the 80% requirement is no longer met, a Fund’s future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Fund into compliance with this policy.
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental limitation such that, under normal market conditions, any borrowings by the Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s net assets.
Each Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. As a matter of policy, however, a Fund will not purchase shares of any registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust, in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) (the “fund of funds” provisions) of the
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Investment Company Act, at any time the Fund has knowledge that its shares are purchased by another investment company investor in reliance on the provisions of subparagraph (G) of Section 12(d)(1).
Continuous Offering
The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Funds on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares and sells such shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act must take into account all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.
Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to shares of the Funds are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the 1933 Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the 1933 Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Listing Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Listing Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is available only with respect to transactions on an exchange.
Management
Trustees and Officers.  The Board has responsibility for the overall management and operations of the Funds, including general supervision of the duties performed by BFA and other service providers. Each Trustee serves until he or she resigns, is removed, dies, retires or becomes incapacitated. The President, Chief Compliance Officer, Treasurer and Secretary shall each hold office until their successors are chosen and qualified, and all other officers shall hold office until he or she resigns or is removed. Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust are referred to as independent trustees (“Independent Trustees”).
The registered investment companies advised by BFA or its affiliates are organized into one complex of closed-end funds, two complexes of open-end funds and one complex of exchange-traded funds (“Exchange-Traded Fund Complex”) (each, a “BlackRock Fund Complex”). Each Fund is included in the BlackRock Fund Complex referred to as the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. Each Trustee also serves as a Director of iShares, Inc., a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and, as a result, oversees a total of 300 funds within the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. With the exception of Robert S. Kapito, the address of each Trustee and officer is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. The address of Mr. Kapito is c/o BlackRock, Inc., Park Avenue Plaza, 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055. The Board has designated Robert H. Silver as its Independent Chairman. Additional information about the Funds' Trustees and officers may be found in this SAI, which is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737).
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Interested Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert S. Kapito1
(56)
  Trustee
(since 2009).
  President and Director, BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006); Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc. and Head of BlackRock’s Portfolio Management Group (since its formation in 1998) and BlackRock’s predecessor entities (since 1988); Trustee, University of Pennsylvania (since 2009); President of Board of Directors, Hope & Heroes Children’s Cancer Fund (since 2002); President of the Board of Directors, Periwinkle Theatre for Youth (since 1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2009); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006).
Michael Latham2
(48)
  Trustee
(since 2010);
President
(since 2007).
  Chairman of iShares, BlackRock (since 2011); Global Chief Executive Officer of iShares, BlackRock (2010-2011); Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Americas iShares, Barclays Global Investors (“BGI”) (2007-2009); Director and Chief Financial Officer of Barclays Global Investors International, Inc. (2005-2009); Chief Operating Officer of the Intermediary Investor and Exchange-Traded Products Business of BGI (2003-2007).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2010); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).

1 Robert S. Kapito is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc.
2 Michael Latham is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates.
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Independent Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert H. Silver
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2007); Independent Chairman
(since 2012).
  President and Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group, Inc. (since 2006); Director and Vice Chairman of the YMCA of Greater NYC (2001-2011); Broadway Producer (2006-2011); Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. (since 2008); Director and Member of the Audit and Compensation Committee of EPAM Systems, Inc. (2006-2009); President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.) (2003-2005) and various executive positions with UBS and its affiliates (1988-2005); CPA and Audit Manager of KPMG, LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) (1977-1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2007); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Independent Chairman of iShares, Inc., iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2012).
George G.C. Parker
(74)
  Trustee
(since 2000).
  Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (Professor since 1973; Emeritus since 2006).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2002); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Tejon Ranch Company (since 1999); Director of Threshold Pharmaceuticals (since 2004); Director of Colony Financial, Inc. (since 2009); Director of First Republic Bank (since 2010).
John E. Martinez
(52)
  Trustee
(since 2003);
Securities Lending Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.) (since 2005).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2003); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Cecilia H. Herbert
(64)
  Trustee
(since 2005); Nominating and Governance Committee Chair and Equity Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director (since 1998) and President (2007-2011) of the Board of Directors, Catholic Charities CYO; Trustee (2002-2011) and Chair of the Finance and Investment Committee (2006-2010) the Thacher School; Member (since 1994) and Chair (1994-2005) of the Investment Committee, Archdiocese of San Francisco; Trustee and Member of the Investment Committee, WNET, the New York public broadcasting company (since 2011).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Forward Funds (34 portfolios) (since 2009).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Charles A. Hurty
(70)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Audit Committee Chair
(since 2006).
  Retired; Partner, KPMG LLP (1968-2001).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund (1 portfolio) (since 2002); Director of SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (2 portfolios) (since 2002).
John E. Kerrigan
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Fixed Income Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University (since 2002).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Madhav V. Rajan
(49)
  Trustee
(since 2011);
15(c) Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting and Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Head of MBA Program, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (since 2001); Professor of Law (by courtesy), Stanford Law School (since 2005); Visiting Professor, University of Chicago (2007-2008).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2011);
Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2011); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Officers
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Jack Gee
(54)
  Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(since 2008).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Senior Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2009); Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2004-2009).
Eilleen M. Clavere
(61)
  Secretary
(since 2007).
  Director of Global Fund Administration, BlackRock (since 2009); Director of Legal Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2006-2009); Legal Counsel and Vice President of Atlas Funds, Atlas Advisers, Inc. and Atlas Securities, Inc. (2005-2006); Counsel at Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP (2001-2005).
Edward B. Baer
(45)
  Vice President and Chief Legal Officer
(since 2012).
  Managing Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (since 2006); Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (2004-2006).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Scott Radell
(44)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2012).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BGI (2007-2009); Credit Portfolio Manager, BGI (2005-2007); Credit Research Analyst, BGI (2003-2005).
Amy Schioldager
(51)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2007).
  Senior Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Global Head of Index Equity, BGI (2008-2009); Global Head of U.S. Indexing, BGI (2006-2008); Head of Domestic Equity Portfolio Management, BGI (2001-2006).
Ira P. Shapiro
(50)
  Vice President
(since 2007).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Strategic Product Initiatives for iShares (since 2012); Chief Legal Officer, Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (2007-2012); Associate General Counsel, BGI (2004-2009).
The Board has concluded that, based on each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, each Trustee should serve as a Trustee of the Board. Among the attributes common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Funds' investment adviser, other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. A Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively may have been attained through the Trustee’s educational background or professional training; business, consulting, public service or academic positions; experience from service as a Board member of the Funds and the other funds in the Trust (and any predecessor funds), other investment funds, public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. Also, set forth below is a brief discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Trustee that led the Board to conclude that he or she should serve as a Trustee.
Robert Kapito has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2009. Mr. Kapito has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2009, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and a Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2006. In addition, he has over 20 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Mr. Kapito serves as President and Director of BlackRock, Inc., and is the Chairman of the Operating Committee, a member of the Office of the Chairman, the Leadership Committee and the Corporate Council. He is responsible for day-to-day oversight of BlackRock's key operating units, including the Account Management and Portfolio Management Groups, Real Estate Group and BlackRock Solutions®. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in 2007, Mr. Kapito served as Head of BlackRock's Portfolio Management Group. In that role, he was responsible for overseeing all portfolio management within BlackRock, including the Fixed Income, Equity, Liquidity, and Alternative Investment Groups. Mr. Kapito serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. He has also been President of the Board of Directors for the Hope & Heroes Children's Cancer Fund since 2002 and President of the Board of Directors for Periwinkle Theatre for Youth, a national non-profit arts-in-education organization, since 1983. Mr. Kapito earned a BS degree in economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979, and an MBA degree from Harvard Business School in 1983.
Michael Latham has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2010 and President of the Trust since 2007. Mr. Latham served as Principal Financial Officer of the Trust from 2002 until 2007. Mr. Latham has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2010, President of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Principal Financial Officer of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2007, a Director and President of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, and a Trustee and President of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. Mr.
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Latham is the Chairman of BlackRock’s iShares exchange-traded fund business. In addition, he has over 15 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in September 2011, he was the global head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business. Prior to April 2009, he was head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business for the United States and Canada, and Chief Operating Officer for the U.S. iShares business. He previously held a variety of operating positions within the firm. Mr. Latham earned a BS degree in business administration from California State University at San Francisco in 1988.
Robert H. Silver has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2007 and Chairman of the Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Chairman of iShares, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chairman of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chairman of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver is President and a Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group Inc., a firm dedicated to advising and investing in emerging business enterprises and to supporting philanthropic activities that benefit under-served urban youth. Previously, Mr. Silver served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.), the registered broker dealer comprising the Wealth Management USA business unit of UBS AG, including the following responsibilities: President of Paine Webber Services, Director of Retail Products and Marketing, Director of Private Client Group Branch Offices, Director of Finance and Controls for Paine Webber, Inc. and Chief Administrative Officer for Paine Webber Private Client Group. Mr. Silver also served on the Board of Directors of EPAM Systems, Inc., a provider of software engineering outsourcing services in Central and Eastern Europe, served on the Board and Executive Committee of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), chaired the National Securities Clearing Corporations’ Membership and Risk Committee and served as Governor of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. In addition, Mr. Silver was a Vice Chairman and a Member of the Board of Directors for the YMCA of Greater New York and chaired its Fund Development Committee from 2001 until 2011 and Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. since 2008. Mr. Silver began his career as a CPA and Audit Manager at KPMG LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) from 1977 until 1983. Mr. Silver has a BS degree in business administration from the University of North Carolina.
George G.C. Parker has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2000. Mr. Parker served as Chair of the Trust's Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Trustee of the Trust from 2006 until 2010 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2002 until 2010. Mr. Parker has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2002, Chair of iShares, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Director of iShares, Inc. from 2006 until 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2010, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Parker also serves as Director on four other boards. Mr. Parker is the Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He teaches courses in Corporate Finance in the MBA Program, Stanford Sloan Program for Executives, and in various other Executive Education Programs at Stanford University. Mr. Parker's teaching and research interests are primarily in the field of corporate finance, management of financial institutions, and corporate governance, and he has written numerous case studies related to these subjects. He has also authored several articles on capital structure, risk management, and corporate valuation. Mr. Parker previously served as a Director of Continental Airlines and a Director of NETGEAR, Inc. Mr. Parker holds MBA and Ph.D. degrees from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.
John E. Martinez has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2003 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2003, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez is a Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.), providing governance oversight and consulting services to this privately held firm that develops products and strategies for homeowners in managing the equity in their homes. Mr. Martinez previously served as Director of Barclays Global Investors (BGI) UK Holdings, where he provided governance oversight representing BGI’s shareholders (Barclays PLC, BGI management shareholders) through oversight of BGI’s worldwide activities. Mr. Martinez also previously served as Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Global Index and Markets Group of BGI, Chairman of Barclays Global Investor Services and Chief Executive Officer of the Capital Markets Group of BGI. Since 2003, he is a Director and Executive Committee Member for Larkin Street Youth Services, providing governance oversight and strategy development to an agency that provides emergency and transitional housing, healthcare, education, job and life skills training to homeless youth. Mr. Martinez has an AB degree in economics from The University of California, Berkeley and holds an MBA degree in finance and statistics from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
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Cecilia H. Herbert has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Ms. Herbert has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. She is Director of the Board of the Catholic Charities CYO, one of the Bay Area’s largest private social services organizations serving the homeless, poor, aged, families, children and AIDS/HIV victims, on which she has served since 1998. Ms. Herbert is a member of the Investment Committee of the Archdiocese of San Francisco since 1992, which she chaired from 1994 to 2005. She has served on numerous non-profit boards. Ms. Herbert is also a Director and Advisory Board Member since 2009 of the Forward Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as a Trustee for the Pacific Select Funds and The Montgomery Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as Managing Director of J.P. Morgan/Morgan Guaranty Trust Company responsible for product development, marketing and credit for U.S. multinational corporations and as head of its San Francisco office and as Assistant Vice President, Signet Banking Corporation. Ms. Herbert has a BA degree in economics and communications from Stanford University and an MBA degree in finance from Harvard Business School.
Charles A. Hurty has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Trust since 2006. Mr. Hurty has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2006, a Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010 and a Trustee and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. In addition, Mr. Hurty serves as Director of the GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund since 2002, Director of the SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (formerly, Citigroup Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC) since 2002 and was a Director of the CSFB Alternative Investment Funds from 2005 to December 2009, when the funds were liquidated. Mr. Hurty was formerly a Partner at KPMG, LLP from 1968 to 2001. Mr. Hurty has a BS degree in accounting from the University of Kansas.
John E. Kerrigan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Kerrigan served as Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2010 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan serves as Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University since 2002. Mr. Kerrigan was formerly a Managing Director at Merrill Lynch & Co., including the following responsibilities: Global Manager of Institutional Client Division eCommerce, Global Manager of Technology Specialists Sales and Chair, Performance Measurement, Evaluation & Compensation Task Force. Mr. Kerrigan is a Trustee, since 2008, of Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton, CA, and Director, since 1999, of The BASIC Fund (Bay Area Scholarships for Inner City Children). Mr. Kerrigan has a BA degree from Boston College and is a Chartered Financial Analyst Charterholder.
Madhav V. Rajan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan is the Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He has taught accounting for over 20 years to undergraduate, MBA and law students, as well as to senior executives. Mr. Rajan serves as the Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and head of the MBA Program at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Rajan served as editor of “The Accounting Review” from 2002 to 2008 and is co-author of “Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis,” a leading cost accounting textbook. Mr. Rajan holds MS, MBA and Ph.D. degrees in accounting from Carnegie Mellon University.
Board – Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities
Overall responsibility for oversight of the Funds rests with the Board. The Board has engaged BFA to manage the Funds on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing BFA and other service providers in the operations of the Funds in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The
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Board is currently composed of nine members, seven of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board currently conducts regular meetings five times a year. In addition, the Board frequently holds special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees meet regularly outside the presence of management, in executive session or with other service providers to the Trust.
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board has established six standing Committees: a Nominating and Governance Committee, an Audit Committee, a 15(c) Committee, a Securities Lending Committee, an Equity Plus Committee and a Fixed Income Plus Committee to assist the Board in the oversight and direction of the business and affairs of the Funds, and from time to time may establish ad-hoc committees or informal working groups to review and address the policies and practices of the Funds with respect to certain specified matters. The Chair of each standing Committee is an Independent Trustee. The role of the Chair of each Committee is to preside at all meetings of the Committee and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys and other Trustees between meetings. Each Committee meets regularly to conduct the oversight functions delegated to the Committee by the Board and reports its finding to the Board. The Board and each standing Committee conduct annual assessments of their oversight function and structure. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise independent judgment over management and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees of Independent Trustees and the full Board to enhance effective oversight.
Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Funds is the responsibility of BFA or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to the supervision of BFA. Each Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational, counterparty and valuation risks, among others. While there are a number of risk management functions performed by BFA and other service providers, as applicable, it is not possible to eliminate all of the risks applicable to the Fund. The Trustees have an oversight role in this area, satisfying themselves that risk management processes and controls are in place and operating effectively. Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of each Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. The Board, directly or through a committee, also reviews reports from, among others, management and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by each Fund and management’s risk functions. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Trust's compliance program, including assessments by independent third parties, and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Trust and its principal service providers. In testing and maintaining the compliance program, the Chief Compliance Officer (and his or her delegates) assesses key compliance risks affecting each Fund, and addresses them in periodic reports to the Board. The Independent Trustees have engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.
Committees of the Board of Trustees. Each Independent Trustee serves on the Audit Committee. The Chair of the Audit Committee is Charles A. Hurty. The purposes of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board (i) in its oversight of the Trust's accounting and financial reporting principles and policies and related controls and procedures maintained by or on behalf of the Trust; (ii) in its oversight of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (iii) in selecting, evaluating and, where deemed appropriate, replacing the independent accountants (or nominating the independent accountants to be proposed for shareholder approval in any proxy statement); (iv) in evaluating the independence of the independent accountants; (v) in complying with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust's accounting and financial reporting, internal controls, compliance controls and independent audits; and (vi) to assume such other responsibilities as may be delegated by the Board. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), Charles A. Hurty, Madhav V. Rajan and John E. Kerrigan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The Nominating and Governance Committee nominates individuals for Independent Trustee membership on the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee functions include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) reviewing the qualifications of any person properly identified or nominated to serve as an Independent Trustee; (ii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the nominee(s) for appointment as an Independent Trustee by the Board and current Independent Trustees and/or for election as Independent Trustees by shareholders to fill any vacancy for a position of Independent Trustee(s) on the Board; (iii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the size and composition of the Board and Board committees and whether they comply with applicable laws and regulations; (iv) recommending a current Independent Trustee to the Board and current Independent Trustees to serve as Lead Independent Trustee; (v) periodic review of the Board's retirement policy; and (vi)
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recommending an appropriate level of compensation for the Independent Trustees for their services as Trustees, members or chairpersons of committees of the Board, Lead Independent Trustee, Chairperson of the Board and any other positions as the Nominating and Governance Committee considers appropriate. The Nominating and Governance Committee does not consider Board nominations recommended by shareholders (acting solely in their capacity as a shareholder and not in any other capacity). The Nominating and Governance Committee met one time during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the 15(c) Committee are Madhav V. Rajan (Chair), Cecilia H. Herbert, Charles A. Hurty and John E. Martinez, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the 15(c) Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for the annual review and renewal of the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements. These responsibilities include: (i) meeting with BlackRock, Inc. in advance of the Board meeting at which the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements are to be considered to discuss generally the process for providing requested information to the Board and the format in which information will be provided; and (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to evaluate the investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements of the Trust. The 15(c) Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the Securities Lending Committee are John E. Martinez (Chair), John E. Kerrigan and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Securities Lending Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of the Trust's securities lending activities. These responsibilities include: (i) requesting that certain information be provided to the Committee for its review and consideration prior to such information being provided to the Board; (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to oversee the Trust's securities lending activities and make required findings and approvals; and (iii) providing a recommendation to the Board regarding the annual approval of the Trust's Securities Lending Guidelines and the required findings with respect to, and annual approval of, the Trust's agreement with the lending agent. The Securities Lending Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the Equity Plus Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), John E. Martinez and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Equity Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for equity funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Equity Plus Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are John E. Kerrigan (Chair), Charles A. Hurty and Madhav V. Rajan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for fixed income or multi-asset funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Fixed Income Plus Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
As the Chairman of the Board, Robert H. Silver may participate in each Committee's meetings.
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2012, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Funds and in other registered investment companies overseen by the Trustee within the same family of investment companies as the Trust. If a fund is not listed below, the Trustee did not own any securities in that fund as of the date indicated above:
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Robert S. Kapito   None   None   None
             
Michael Latham   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Micro-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Robert H. Silver   iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI BRIC ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 ETF   Over $100,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
             
George G.C. Parker   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares S&P 100 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
             
John E. Martinez   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares TIPS Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Cecilia H. Herbert   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares International Select Dividend ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
             
Charles A. Hurty   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Tech ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Financials ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Technology ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
             
John E. Kerrigan   iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   $10,001-$50,000
  $50,001-$100,000
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000
   
             
Madhav V. Rajan   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
As of December 31, 2012, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of BFA (the Funds' investment adviser), the Distributor or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with BFA or the Distributor.
Remuneration of Trustees.  Each current Independent Trustee is paid an annual retainer of $275,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board's policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the period from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2012, each current Independent Trustee was paid an annual retainer of $250,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board’s policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. The Independent Chairman of the Boards is paid an additional annual retainer of $50,000. The Chair of the Audit Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $40,000. The Chair of each of the Nominating and Governance Committees, Equity Plus Committees, Fixed Income Plus Committees, Securities Lending Committees and 15(c) Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $15,000. Each Independent Trustee that serves as a director of subsidiaries of the Exchange-Traded Complex is paid an additional annual retainer of $10,000 (plus an additional $1,765 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius in connection with such Trustee’s service on the boards of
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certain Mauritius-based subsidiaries). Additionally, any Independent Trustee who travels to the Republic of Mauritius to attend board meetings is paid an additional $12,000 (plus an additional $2,117 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius in connection with such Trustee’s service on the boards of certain Mauritius-based subsidiaries).
The table below sets forth the compensation earned by each Independent Trustee and Interested Trustee from each Fund for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013 and the aggregate compensation paid to them by the Exchange-Traded Complex for the calendar year ended December 31, 2012.
Name of Trustee   iShares China
Large-Cap ETF
  iShares FTSE

China ETF
  iShares MSCI
EAFE ETF
  iShares MSCI
EAFE Growth ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 2,553   $ 13   $20,409   $ 757
George G.C. Parker   2,292   12   18,320   680
John E. Kerrigan   2,235   11   17,868   663
Charles A. Hurty   2,555   13   20.421   758
Cecilia H. Herbert   2,302   12   18,396   683
John E. Martinez   2,202   11   17,604   653
Madhav V. Rajan   2,202   11   17,604   653
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI
EAFE Minimum
Volatility ETF
  iShares MSCI EAFE
Small-Cap ETF
  iShares MSCI

EAFE Value ETF
  iShares MSCI
Europe Financials ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 361   $ 1,084   $ 1,005   $ 47
George G.C. Parker   324   973   902   42
John E. Kerrigan   316   949   880   41
Charles A. Hurty   361   1,085   1,006   47
Cecilia H. Herbert   325   977   906   42
John E. Martinez   311   935   867   40
Madhav V. Rajan   311   935   867   40
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI
Far East
Financials ETF
  iShares MSCI
USA Minimum
Volatility ETF
  iShares MSCI
USA Momentum
Factor ETF1
  iShares MSCI
USA Quality
Factor ETF1
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $4   $ 1,157   $70   $ 55
George G.C. Parker   4   1,039   63   49
John E. Kerrigan   4   1,013   62   48
Charles A. Hurty   4   1,158   70   55
Cecilia H. Herbert   4   1,043   63   49
John E. Martinez   4   998   61   47
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Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI
Far East
Financials ETF
  iShares MSCI
USA Minimum
Volatility ETF
  iShares MSCI
USA Momentum
Factor ETF1
  iShares MSCI
USA Quality
Factor ETF1
Madhav V. Rajan   4   998   61   47
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI
USA Size
Factor ETF1
  iShares MSCI
USA Value
Factor ETF1
  iShares North
American Natural
Resources ETF
  iShares North

American Tech ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 55   $56   $ 997   $ 291
George G.C. Parker   49   50   895   261
John E. Kerrigan   48   49   873   255
Charles A. Hurty   55   56   998   291
Cecilia H. Herbert   49   50   899   263
John E. Martinez   47   48   860   251
Madhav V. Rajan   47   48   860   251
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares North American
Tech-Multimedia

Networking ETF
  iShares North American
Tech-Software ETF
  iShares NYSE

100 ETF
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   $ 113   $363   $ 30
George G.C. Parker   102   326   26
John E. Kerrigan   99   318   26
Charles A. Hurty   113   363   30
Cecilia H. Herbert   102   327   27
John E. Martinez   98   313   25
Madhav V. Rajan   98   313   25
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares NYSE

Composite ETF
  iShares PHLX

Semiconductor ETF
Independent Trustees:        
         
Robert H. Silver   $46   $105
George G.C. Parker   41   94
John E. Kerrigan   40   92
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Name of Trustee   iShares NYSE

Composite ETF
  iShares PHLX

Semiconductor ETF
Charles A. Hurty   46   105
Cecilia H. Herbert   41   95
John E. Martinez   39   91
Madhav V. Rajan   39   91
         
Interested Trustees:        
         
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Accrued As
Part of Trust
Expenses2
  Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement2
  Total
Compensation
From the Funds
and Fund Complex3
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 289,835
George G.C. Parker   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   260,165
John E. Kerrigan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   265,510
Charles A. Hurty   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   290,000
Cecilia H. Herbert   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   273,010
John E. Martinez   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   261,760
Madhav V. Rajan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   250,000
             
Interested Trustees:            
Robert S. Kapito   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 0
Michael Latham   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   0

1 Compensation reported is from the Fund’s inception to July 31, 2013.
2 No Trustee or officer is entitled to any pension or retirement benefits from the Trust.
3 Includes compensation for service on the Board of Trustees of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and the Boards of Directors of iShares, Inc. and iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust collectively owned less than 1% of each Fund's outstanding shares as of October 31, 2013.
Although the Trust does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participants (as defined below), as of October 31, 2013, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund were as follows:
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares China Large-Cap ETF   State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  10.84%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.76%
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Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.23%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.10%
         
iShares FTSE China ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.24%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  11.03%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.14%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.95%
    Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
733 Marquette Ave
4th Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
  6.49%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  6.11%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.72%
         
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  9.07%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.11%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  5.95%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  5.82%
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Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.43%
    Mellon Trust of New England, National Association
Three Mellon Bank Center
Floor 1533700
Pittsburgh, PA 15259
  5.12%
         
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.17%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.33%
    Edward D. Jones & Co.
12555 Manchester Road
Saint Louis, MO 63131
  8.31%
    Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
733 Marquette Ave
4th Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
  8.09%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.05%
         
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  18.11%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  13.04%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  12.56%
    Mellon Trust of New England, National Association
Three Mellon Bank Center
Floor 1533700
Pittsburgh, PA 15259
  11.26%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  8.07%
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Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  7.24%
         
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  18.43%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  12.67%
    BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  5.98%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.81%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.58%
         
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   Edward D. Jones & Co.
12555 Manchester Road
Saint Louis, MO 63131
  18.46%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.86%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.77%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.52%
         
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  27.64%
    Janney Montgomery Scott LLC
26 Broadway
New York, NY 10004
  9.85%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  8.49%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.69%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.42%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  5.05%
         
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF   Goldman, Sachs & Co.
30 Hudson Street
16th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  16.80%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  13.89%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.54%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  10.40%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.04%
    RBC Capital Markets Corporation
One Liberty Plaza
New York, NY 10006-1446
  9.01%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.72%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.44%
         
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF   Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  24.40%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.55%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.74%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  6.00%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.79%
    Northern Trust Company/United Nations
Joint Staff Pension Funds
50 South LaSalle St.
Chicago, IL 60675
  5.74%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.12%
         
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF   State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  65.57%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  14.34%
         
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF   State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  66.15%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.90%
    Fifth Third Bank (The)
5001 Kingsley Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45263
  7.42%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  5.91%
         
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF   State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  95.24%
         
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF   State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  97.56%
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Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
         
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF   TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  26.05%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  13.72%
    Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  8.33%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  6.99%
    Mellon Trust of New England, National Association
Three Mellon Bank Center
Floor 1533700
Pittsburgh, PA 15259
  6.18%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.44%
         
iShares North American Tech ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  16.47%
    Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  10.76%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.21%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  8.22%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  7.26%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  6.54%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.12%
         
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  40.65%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  25.34%
    Goldman, Sachs & Co.
30 Hudson Street
16th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.57%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.46%
         
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  37.53%
    Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  11.87%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  7.95%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.69%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.10%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.20%
         
iShares NYSE 100 ETF   Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  19.30%
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Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  9.72%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  9.23%
    RBC Capital Markets Corporation
One Liberty Plaza
New York, NY 10006-1446
  8.53%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.06%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.01%
         
iShares NYSE Composite ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  18.35%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.83%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
2178 AXP Financial Center
Minneapolis, MN 55474
  6.41%
    E*Trade Clearing LLC
10911 White Rock Road
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
  6.03%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.96%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.76%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.70%
    Timber Hill LLC
2 Pickwick Plaza
Greenwich, CT 06830
  5.16%
         
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  19.57%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.98%
    Goldman, Sachs & Co.
30 Hudson Street
16th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  11.09%
    Janney Montgomery Scott LLC
26 Broadway
New York, NY 10004
  8.26%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  6.86%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.10%
Potential Conflicts of Interest.  The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (“PNC”) has a significant economic interest in BlackRock, Inc., the parent of BFA, the Funds' investment adviser. PNC is considered to be an affiliate of BlackRock, Inc., under the 1940 Act. Certain activities of BFA, BlackRock, Inc. and their affiliates (collectively, “BlackRock”) and PNC and its affiliates (collectively, “PNC” and together with BlackRock, “Affiliates”), with respect to the Funds and/or other accounts managed by BlackRock or PNC, may give rise to actual or perceived conflicts of interest such as those described below.
BlackRock is one of the world's largest asset management firms. PNC is a diversified financial services organization spanning the retail, business and corporate markets. BlackRock and PNC are affiliates of one another under the 1940 Act. BlackRock and PNC and their respective affiliates (including, for these purposes, their directors, partners, trustees, managing members, officers and employees), including the entities and personnel who may be involved in the investment activities and business operations of a Fund, are engaged worldwide in businesses, including equity, fixed-income, cash management and alternative investments. These are considerations of which investors in a Fund should be aware, and which may cause conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Fund and its shareholders. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments that may be purchased or sold by a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates have proprietary interests in, and may manage or advise with respect to, accounts or funds (including separate accounts and other funds and collective investment vehicles) that have investment objectives similar to those of a Fund and/or that engage in transactions in the same types of securities, currencies and instruments as the Fund. One or more Affiliates are also major participants in the global currency, equities, swap and fixed-income markets, in each case both on a proprietary basis and for the accounts of customers. As such, one or more Affiliates are or may be actively engaged in transactions in the same securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests. Such activities could affect the prices and availability of the securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests, which could have an adverse impact on the Fund's performance. Such transactions, particularly in respect of most proprietary accounts or customer accounts, will be executed independently of a Fund's transactions and thus at prices or rates that may be more or less favorable than those obtained by the Fund. When BlackRock and its Affiliates purchase or sell the same assets for their managed accounts, including a Fund, the assets actually purchased or sold may be allocated among the accounts on a basis determined in their good faith discretion to be equitable. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the size or price of the assets purchased or sold for a Fund. In addition, transactions in investments by one or more other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of a Fund, particularly, but not limited to, with respect to small capitalization, emerging market or less liquid strategies. This may occur when investment decisions regarding a Fund are based on research or other information that is also used to support decisions for other accounts. When BlackRock or its Affiliates implements a portfolio decision or
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strategy on behalf of another account ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar decisions or strategies for a Fund, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other factors could result in the Fund receiving less favorable trading results and the costs of implementing such decisions or strategies could be increased or the Fund could otherwise be disadvantaged. BlackRock or its Affiliates may, in certain cases, elect to implement internal policies and procedures designed to limit such consequences, which may cause a Fund to be unable to engage in certain activities, including purchasing or disposing of securities, when it might otherwise be desirable for it to do so.
Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding a Fund may benefit other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by a Fund may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by a Fund may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts.
In certain circumstances, BFA, on behalf of a Fund, may seek to buy from or sell securities to another fund or account advised by BFA or an affiliate. BFA may (but is not required to) effect purchases and sales between BFA clients or clients of affiliates (“cross trades”), including a Fund, if BFA believes such transactions are appropriate based on each party's investment objectives and guidelines, subject to applicable law and regulation. There may be potential conflicts of interest or regulatory issues relating to these transactions which could limit BFA’s decision to engage in these transactions for the Fund. BFA may have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities to the parties in such transactions. Where a Fund participates in a cross trade, BFA will comply with procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 17a-7 under the Investment Company Act and applicable SEC guidance.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which a Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of a Fund's investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of BlackRock or its Affiliates or their clients, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
The results of a Fund's investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by BlackRock and its Affiliates for their proprietary accounts or other accounts (including investment companies or collective investment vehicles) managed or advised by them. It is possible that one or more Affiliate-managed accounts and such other accounts will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by a Fund. Moreover, it is possible that a Fund will sustain losses during periods in which one or more Affiliate-managed accounts achieve significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. The opposite result is also possible. The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and accounts under their management may also limit the investment opportunities for a Fund in certain emerging and other markets in which limitations are imposed upon the amount of investment, in the aggregate or in individual issuers, by affiliated foreign investors.
From time to time, a Fund's activities may also be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to one or more Affiliates, and/or their internal policies designed to comply with such restrictions. As a result, there may be periods, for example, when BlackRock, and/or one or more Affiliates, will not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions in certain securities or instruments with respect to which BlackRock and/or one or more Affiliates are performing services or when position limits have been reached.
In connection with its management of a Fund, BlackRock may have access to certain fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models developed by one or more Affiliates. BlackRock will not be under any obligation, however, to effect transactions on behalf of a Fund in accordance with such analysis and models. In addition, neither BlackRock nor any of its Affiliates will have any obligation to make available any information regarding their proprietary activities or strategies, or the activities or strategies used for other accounts managed by them, for the benefit of the management of a Fund and it is not anticipated that BlackRock will have access to such information for the purpose of managing the Fund. The proprietary activities or portfolio strategies of BlackRock and its Affiliates, or the activities or strategies used for accounts managed by them or other customer accounts could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by BlackRock in managing a Fund.
A Fund may be included in investment models developed by BFA and its affiliates for use by clients and financial advisers. The price, availability and liquidity of a Fund may be impacted by purchases and redemptions of a Fund by model-driven investment portfolios.
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In addition, certain principals and certain employees of BlackRock are also principals or employees of Affiliates. As a result, the performance by these principals and employees of their obligations to such other entities may be a consideration of which investors in a Fund should be aware.
BlackRock may enter into transactions and invest in securities, instruments and currencies on behalf of a Fund in which customers of BlackRock or its Affiliates, or, to the extent permitted by the SEC, BlackRock or another Affiliate, serves as the counterparty, principal or issuer. In such cases, such party's interests in the transaction will be adverse to the interests of the Fund, and such party may have no incentive to assure that the Fund obtains the best possible prices or terms in connection with the transactions. In addition, the purchase, holding and sale of such investments by a Fund may enhance the profitability of BlackRock or its Affiliates. One or more Affiliates may also create, write or issue derivatives for their customers, the underlying securities, currencies or instruments of which may be those in which a Fund invests or which may be based on the performance of the Fund. A Fund may, subject to applicable law, purchase investments that are the subject of an underwriting or other distribution by one or more Affiliates and may also enter into transactions with other clients of an Affiliate where such other clients have interests adverse to those of the Fund.
At times, these activities may cause departments of BlackRock or its Affiliates to give advice to clients that may cause these clients to take actions adverse to the interests of the Fund. To the extent affiliated transactions are permitted, a Fund will deal with BlackRock and its Affiliates on an arms-length basis. BlackRock or its Affiliates may also have an ownership interest in certain trading or information systems used by a Fund. A Fund's use of such trading or information systems may enhance the profitability of BlackRock and its Affiliates.
One or more Affiliates may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or adviser or in other commercial capacities for a Fund. It is anticipated that the commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs, financial advisory fees, underwriting and placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, other fees, compensation or profits, rates, terms and conditions charged by an Affiliate will be in its view commercially reasonable, although each Affiliate, including its sales personnel, will have an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts that are favorable to the Affiliate and such sales personnel.
Subject to applicable law, the Affiliates (and their personnel and other distributors) will be entitled to retain fees and other amounts that they receive in connection with their service to the Funds as broker, dealer, agent, lender, adviser or in other commercial capacities and no accounting to the Funds or their respective shareholders will be required, and no fees or other compensation payable by the Funds or their respective shareholders will be reduced by reason of receipt by an Affiliate of any such fees or other amounts.
When an Affiliate acts as broker, dealer, agent, adviser or in other commercial capacities in relation to the Funds, the Affiliate may take commercial steps in its own interests, which may have an adverse effect on the Funds. A Fund will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on the Fund's own credit standing. Neither BlackRock nor any of the Affiliates will have any obligation to allow their credit to be used in connection with a Fund's establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that the Fund's counterparties will rely on the credit of BlackRock or any of the Affiliates in evaluating the Fund's creditworthiness.
Lending on behalf of a Fund is done by BTC pursuant to SEC exemptive relief, enabling BTC to act as securities lending agent to, and receive a share of securities lending revenues from, a Fund. BFA may also receive compensation for managing the reinvestment of the cash collateral from securities lending. There is a potential conflict of interest in that BTC as a lending agent may have an incentive to increase the amount of securities on loan or to lend riskier assets in order to generate additional revenue for BTC and its affiliates. However, BTC’s SEC exemptive relief sets forth certain conditions designed to assist in mitigating such conflicts of interest.
Purchases and sales of securities for a Fund may be bunched or aggregated with orders for other BlackRock client accounts. BlackRock, however, is not required to bunch or aggregate orders if portfolio management decisions for different accounts are made separately, or if it determines that bunching or aggregating is not practicable or required, or in cases involving client direction.
Prevailing trading activity frequently may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Funds will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Funds. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Funds will not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.
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BlackRock may select brokers (including, without limitation, Affiliates) that furnish BlackRock, the Funds, other BlackRock client accounts or other Affiliates or personnel, directly or through correspondent relationships, with research or other appropriate services which provide, in BlackRock's view, appropriate assistance to BlackRock in the investment decision-making process (including with respect to futures, fixed-price offerings and over-the-counter transactions). Such research or other services may include, to the extent permitted by law, research reports on companies, industries and securities; economic and financial data; financial publications; proxy analysis; trade industry seminars; computer data bases; research-oriented software and other services and products. Research or other services obtained in this manner may be used in servicing any or all of the Funds and other BlackRock client accounts, including in connection with BlackRock client accounts other than those that pay commissions to the broker relating to the research or other service arrangements. Such products and services may disproportionately benefit other BlackRock client accounts relative to the Funds based on the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds and such other BlackRock client accounts. For example, research or other services that are paid for through one client's commissions may not be used in managing that client's account. In addition, other BlackRock client accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products and services that may be provided to the Funds and to such other BlackRock client accounts. To the extent that BlackRock uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products and services itself.
BlackRock may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. To the extent that BlackRock receives research on this basis, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist. For example, the research effectively will be paid by client commissions that also will be used to pay for the execution, clearing, and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by BlackRock.
BlackRock may endeavor to execute trades through brokers who, pursuant to such arrangements, provide research or other services in order to ensure the continued receipt of research or other services BlackRock believes are useful in its investment decision-making process. BlackRock may from time to time choose not to engage in the above described arrangements to varying degrees. BlackRock may also enter into commission sharing arrangements under which BlackRock may execute transactions through a broker-dealer, including, where permitted, an Affiliate, and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to BlackRock. To the extent that BlackRock engages in commission sharing arrangements, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist.
BlackRock may utilize certain electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) in executing client  securities transactions for certain types of securities. These ECNs may charge fees for their services, including access fees and transaction fees. The transaction fees, which are similar to commissions or mark-ups/mark-downs, will generally be charged to clients and, like commissions and mark-ups/mark-downs, would generally be included in the cost of the securities purchased. Access fees may be paid by BlackRock even though incurred in connection with executing transactions on behalf of clients, including the Funds. In certain circumstances, ECNs may offer volume discounts that will reduce the access fees typically paid by BlackRock. BlackRock will only utilize ECNs consistent with its obligation to seek to obtain best execution in client transactions.
BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Funds, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with BlackRock's fiduciary obligations to its clients. Nevertheless, notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of BlackRock may have the effect of favoring the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of BlackRock and/or its Affiliates, provided that BlackRock believes such voting decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the Proxy Voting Policy section of this SAI.
It is also possible that, from time to time, BlackRock or its Affiliates may, although they are not required to, purchase and hold shares of a Fund. Increasing a Fund's assets may enhance liquidity, investment flexibility and diversification and may contribute to economies of scale that tend to reduce the Fund's expense ratio. BlackRock and its Affiliates reserve the right to sell or redeem at any time some or all of the shares of a Fund acquired for their own accounts. A large sale or redemption of shares of a Fund by BlackRock or its Affiliates could significantly reduce the asset size of the Fund, which might have an adverse effect on the Fund's liquidity, investment flexibility, portfolio diversification and expense ratio. BlackRock will consider the effect of redemptions on a Fund and other shareholders in deciding whether to redeem its shares.
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It is possible that a Fund may invest in securities of companies with which an Affiliate has or is trying to develop investment banking relationships as well as securities of entities in which BlackRock or its Affiliates has significant debt or equity investments or in which an Affiliate makes a market. A Fund also may invest in securities of companies to which an Affiliate provides or may someday provide research coverage. Such investments could cause conflicts between the interests of a Fund and the interests of other clients of BlackRock or its Affiliates. In making investment decisions for a Fund, BlackRock is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information acquired by any division, department or Affiliate of BlackRock in the course of these activities. In addition, from time to time, the activities of an Affiliate may limit a Fund's flexibility in purchases and sales of securities. When an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of an entity, BlackRock may be prohibited from purchasing or recommending the purchase of certain securities of that entity for a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates, their personnel and other financial service providers may have interests in promoting sales of the Funds. With respect to BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel, the remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of the Funds or other products may be greater than remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of certain funds or other products that might be provided or offered. BlackRock and its Affiliates and their sales personnel may directly or indirectly receive a portion of the fees and commissions charged to the Funds or their respective shareholders. BlackRock and its advisory or other personnel may also benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. Fees and commissions may also be higher than for other products or services, and the remuneration and profitability to BlackRock or its Affiliates and such personnel resulting from transactions on behalf of or management of the Funds may be greater than the remuneration and profitability resulting from other funds or products.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel may receive greater compensation or greater profit in connection with an account for which BlackRock serves as an adviser than with an account advised by an unaffiliated investment adviser. Differentials in compensation may be related to the fact that BlackRock may pay a portion of its advisory fee to its Affiliate, or relate to compensation arrangements, including for portfolio management, brokerage transactions or account servicing. Any differential in compensation may create a financial incentive on the part of BlackRock or its Affiliates and their personnel to recommend BlackRock over unaffiliated investment advisers or to effect transactions differently in one account over another.
Third parties, including service providers to BFA or a Fund, may sponsor events (including, but not limited to, marketing and promotional activities and presentations, educational training programs and conferences) for registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors. There is a potential conflict of interest as such sponsorships may defray the costs of such activities to BFA, and may provide an incentive to BFA to retain such third parties to provide services to a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may provide valuation assistance to certain clients with respect to certain securities or other investments and the valuation recommendations made for their clients' accounts may differ from the valuations for the same securities or investments assigned by a Fund's pricing vendors, especially if such valuations are based on broker-dealer quotes or other data sources unavailable to the Fund's pricing vendors. While BlackRock will generally communicate its valuation information or determinations to a Fund's pricing vendors and/or fund accountants, there may be instances where the Fund's pricing vendors or fund accountants assign a different valuation to a security or other investment than the valuation for such security or investment determined or recommended by BlackRock.
As disclosed in more detail in the Determination of Net Asset Value section of each Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI, when market valuations are not readily available or such valuations do not reflect current market values, the affected investments will be valued using fair value pricing, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Fund's Board. When determining an asset’s “fair value,” BlackRock seeks to determine the price that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive from the current sale of that asset in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what the Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. While fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that BlackRock deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third-party valuation models, fair value represents only a good faith approximation of the value of a security. The fair value of one or more securities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining the Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued by BlackRock (pursuant to Board-adopted procedures) at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders and BlackRock receiving additional revenue.
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To the extent permitted by applicable law, a Fund may invest all or some of its short-term cash investments in any money market fund or similarly-managed private fund advised or managed by BlackRock. In connection with any such investments, a Fund, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, may pay its share of expenses of a money market fund in which it invests, which may result in a Fund bearing some additional expenses.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their directors, officers and employees, may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and may have conflicts of interest with respect to investments made on behalf of a Fund. As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by directors, officers, employees and Affiliates of BlackRock that are the same, different from or made at different times than positions taken for the Fund. To lessen the possibility that a Fund will be adversely affected by this personal trading, the Fund, BFA and BlackRock each has adopted a code of ethics in compliance with Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the Fund's portfolio transactions. Each code of ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Each code of ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by e-mail at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-1520.
BlackRock and its Affiliates will not purchase securities or other property from, or sell securities or other property to, a Fund, except that the Fund may in accordance with rules adopted under the 1940 Act engage in transactions with accounts that are affiliated with the Fund as a result of common officers, directors, or investment advisers or pursuant to exemptive orders granted to the Funds and/or BlackRock by the SEC. These transactions would be effected in circumstances in which BlackRock determined that it would be appropriate for a Fund to purchase and another client of BlackRock to sell, or the Fund to sell and another client of BlackRock to purchase, the same security or instrument on the same day. From time to time, the activities of a Fund may be restricted because of regulatory requirements applicable to BlackRock or its Affiliates and/or BlackRock's internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such requirements. A client not advised by BlackRock would not be subject to some of those considerations. There may be periods when BlackRock may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, or may otherwise restrict or limit their advice in certain securities or instruments issued by or related to companies for which an Affiliate is performing investment banking, market making or other services or has proprietary positions. For example, when an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of, or advisory services for, a company, the Funds may be prohibited from or limited in purchasing or selling securities of that company. Similar situations could arise if personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates serve as directors of companies the securities of which the Funds wish to purchase or sell. However, if permitted by applicable law, the Funds may purchase securities or instruments that are issued by such companies or are the subject of an underwriting, distribution, or advisory assignment by an Affiliate, or in cases in which personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates are directors or officers of the issuer.
The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and for client accounts may also limit the investment strategies and rights of the Funds. For example, in certain regulated industries, in certain emerging or international markets, in corporate and regulatory ownership definitions, and in certain futures and derivative transactions, there may be limits on the aggregate amount of investment by affiliated investors that may not be exceeded without the grant of a license or other regulatory or corporate consent or, if exceeded, may cause BlackRock, the Funds or other client accounts to suffer disadvantages or business restrictions.
If certain aggregate ownership thresholds are reached or certain transactions undertaken, the ability of BlackRock on behalf of clients (including the Funds) to purchase or dispose of investments, or exercise rights or undertake business transactions, may be restricted by regulation or otherwise impaired. As a result, BlackRock, on behalf of clients (including the Funds), may limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict or limit the exercise of rights (including voting rights) when BlackRock, in its sole discretion, deems it appropriate in light of potential regulatory or other restrictions on ownership or other consequences resulting from reaching investment thresholds.
In those circumstances where ownership thresholds or limitations must be observed, BlackRock seeks to allocate limited investment opportunities equitably among clients (including the Funds), taking into consideration benchmark weight and investment strategy. When ownership in certain securities nears an applicable threshold, BlackRock may limit purchases in such securities to the issuer's weighting in the applicable benchmark used by BlackRock to manage a Fund. If client (including Fund) holdings of an issuer exceed an applicable threshold and BlackRock is unable to obtain relief to enable the
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continued holding of such investments, it may be necessary to sell down these positions to meet the applicable limitations. In these cases, benchmark overweight positions will be sold prior to benchmark positions being reduced to meet applicable limitations.
In addition to the foregoing, other ownership thresholds may trigger reporting requirements to governmental and regulatory authorities, and such reports may entail the disclosure of the identity of a client or BlackRock’s intended strategy with respect to such security or asset.
To the extent permitted by applicable laws, BlackRock and its Affiliates may maintain securities indexes as part of their product offerings. Index based funds seek to track the performance of securities indexes and may use the name of the index in the fund name. Index providers, including BlackRock and its Affiliates may be paid licensing fees for use of their index or index name. BlackRock and its Affiliates will not be obligated to license their indexes to BlackRock, and BlackRock cannot be assured that the terms of any index licensing agreement with BlackRock and its Affiliates will be as favorable as those terms offered to other index licensees.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may serve as Authorized Participants in the creation and redemption of exchange-traded funds, including funds advised by Affiliates of BlackRock. As described in greater detail in the Creations and Redemptions section of each Prospectus, BlackRock and its Affiliates may therefore be deemed to be participants in a distribution of iShares funds that could render them statutory underwriters.
BlackRock may enter into contractual arrangements with third party service providers to a Fund (e.g., custodians, administrators) pursuant to which BlackRock receives fee discounts or concessions in recognition of BlackRock’s overall relationship with such service providers. To the extent that BlackRock is responsible for paying these service providers out of its management fee, the benefits of any such fee discounts or concessions may accrue, in whole or in part, to BlackRock. BlackRock will disclose any material benefits it receives as a result of such fee discounts or concessions to each Fund’s Board.
Present and future activities of BlackRock and its Affiliates, including BFA, in addition to those described in this section, may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services
Investment Adviser.  BFA serves as investment adviser to each Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, and BFA. BFA is a California corporation indirectly owned by BlackRock, Inc. and is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Under the investment advisory agreement, BFA, subject to the supervision of the Board and in conformity with the stated investment policies of each Fund, manages and administers the Trust and the investment of each Fund’s assets. BFA is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and providing continuous supervision of the investment portfolio of each Fund.
Pursuant to the investment advisory agreement, BFA may, from time to time, in its sole discretion and to the extent permitted by applicable law, appoint one or more sub-advisers, including, without limitation, affiliates of BFA, to perform investment advisory or other services with respect to a Fund. In addition, BFA may delegate certain of its investment advisory functions under the investment advisory agreement to one or more of its affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law. BFA may terminate any or all sub-advisers or such delegation arrangements in its sole discretion upon appropriate notice at any time to the extent permitted by applicable law.
BFA is responsible, under the investment advisory agreement, for substantially all expenses of the Funds, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. BFA is not responsible for, and the Funds will bear the cost of, interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses and other expenses connected with the execution of portfolio securities transactions, distribution fees and extraordinary expenses.
For its investment advisory services, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from each of the following iShares Funds corresponding to the fund’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets as of July 31, 2013: iShares Human Rights ETF, iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF, iShares MSCI ACWI ETF, iShares MSCI All Country World Minimum Volatility ETF, iShares MSCI EAFE ETF and iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF. The
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aggregate management fee is calculated as follows: 0.35% per annum of the aggregate average daily net assets less than or equal to $30.0 billion, plus 0.32% per annum of the aggregate average daily net assets over $30.0 billion, up to and including $60.0 billion, plus 0.28% per annum of the aggregate average daily net assets in excess of $60.0 billion.
Based on assets of the following iShares funds as of July 31, 2013, for its investment advisory services, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from each Fund corresponding to the Fund’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the following iShares funds: iShares China Large-Cap ETF and iShares FTSE China ETF. The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows: 0.74% per annum of the aggregate net assets less than or equal to $6.0 billion, plus 0.67% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $6.0 billion, up to and including $12.0 billion, plus 0.60% per annum of the aggregate net assets in excess of $12.0 billion.
Based on assets of the following iShares funds as of July 31, 2013, for its investment advisory services, BFA is entitled to
receive a management fee from each Fund corresponding to the Fund’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the following iShares funds: iShares Global Clean Energy ETF, iShares Global Consumer Discretionary ETF, iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF, iShares Global Energy ETF, iShares Global Financials ETF, iShares Global Healthcare ETF, iShares Global Industrials ETF, iShares Global Infrastructure ETF, iShares Global Materials ETF, iShares Global Nuclear Energy ETF, iShares Global Tech ETF, iShares Global Telecom ETF, iShares Global Timber & Forestry ETF, iShares Global Utilities ETF, iShares North American Natural Resources ETF, iShares North American Tech ETF, iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF, iShares North American Tech-Software ETF and iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF. The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows: 0.48% per annum of the aggregate net assets of those Funds less than or equal to $10.0 billion, plus 0.43% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $10.0 billion, up to and including $20.0 billion, plus 0.38% per annum of the aggregate net assets in excess of $20.0 billion.
For its investment advisory services to each Fund, BFA received a management fee at the annual rates (as a percentage of such Fund's average net assets) set forth below for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The following table sets forth the management fees paid by each Fund to BFA for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Management
Fee for the
Fiscal Year
Ended
July 31, 2013
  Fund
Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
July 31, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
July 31, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
July 31, 2011
iShares China Large-Cap ETF   0.73%   10/05/04   $ 46,804,457   $ 44,131,930   $ 56,578,918
iShares FTSE China ETF   0.73%   06/24/08   233,205   266,726   419,952
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   0.34%   08/14/01   134,396,382   123,079,262   128,247,571
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF   0.40%   08/01/05   5,647,322   4,733,480   5,479,846
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF1   0.34%   10/18/11   1,151,278   69,182   N/A
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   0.40%   12/10/07   7,143,705   5,404,400   5,520,375
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   0.40%   08/01/05   6,781,146   4,929,959   5,534,325
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF   0.48%   01/20/10   213,628   77,070   71,273
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF   0.48%   01/20/10   19,485   10,738   12,020
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF   0.15%   10/18/11   2,511,106   65,318   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF   0.15%   04/16/13   49,129   N/A   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF   0.15%   07/16/13   6,649   N/A   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF   0.15%   04/16/13   46,459   N/A   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF   0.15%   04/16/13   46,797   N/A   N/A
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF   0.48%   10/22/01   8,964,661   8,692,321   9,885,885
iShares North American Tech ETF   0.48%   03/13/01   2,472,866   1,916,944   2,067,073
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   0.48%   07/10/01   1,160,590   1,029,009   1,149,433
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF   0.48%   07/10/01   3,232,328   2,613,028   2,168,116
iShares NYSE 100 ETF   0.20%   03/29/04   111,978   107,687   125,988
iShares NYSE Composite ETF   0.25%   03/30/04   172,343   176,797   242,488
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Fund   Management
Fee for the
Fiscal Year
Ended
July 31, 2013
  Fund
Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
July 31, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
July 31, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
July 31, 2011
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF   0.48%   07/10/01   1,027,001   1,081,714   1,081,516

1 For the iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF, BFA has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee for its investment advisory services to the Fund in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to 0.20% of average daily net assets until December 31, 2014. For the fiscal years ended July 31, 2013 and July 31, 2012, BFA waived $474,327 and $28,863, respectively of its management fees.
The investment advisory agreement with respect to each Fund continues in effect for two years from its effective date, and thereafter is subject to annual approval by (i) the Board, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the applicable Fund, provided that in either event such continuance also is approved by a majority of the Board members who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the applicable Fund, by a vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The investment advisory agreement with respect to each Fund is terminable without penalty, on 60 days' notice, by the Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act). The investment advisory agreement is also terminable upon 60 days' notice by BFA and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
Portfolio Managers.  As of July 31, 2013, the individuals named as Portfolio Managers in the Funds' Prospectuses were also primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of other iShares funds and certain other types of portfolios and/or accounts as follows:
Christopher Bliss        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   45   $ 70,800,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   164   480,000,000,000
Other Accounts   157   342,000,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Matthew Goff        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   2   $ 15,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   2   160,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   230   $396,000,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   19   10,700,000,000
Other Accounts   1   19,700,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   230   $396,000,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
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Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   214   $412,500,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   86   37,500,000,000
Other Accounts   3   178,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
Each of the portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management seeks to track the rate of return, risk profile and other characteristics of independent third-party indexes by either replicating the same combination of securities that constitute those indexes or through a representative sampling of the securities that constitute those indexes based on objective criteria and data. Pursuant to BFA’s policy, investment opportunities are allocated equitably among the Funds and other portfolios and accounts. For example, under certain circumstances, an investment opportunity may be restricted due to limited supply in the market, legal constraints or other factors, in which event the investment opportunity will be allocated equitably among those portfolios and accounts, including the Funds seeking such investment opportunity. As a consequence, from time to time each Fund may receive a smaller allocation of an investment opportunity than it would have if the Portfolio Managers and BFA and its affiliates did not manage other portfolios or accounts.
Like the Funds, the other portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management generally pay an asset-based fee to BFA or its affiliates, as applicable, for its advisory services. One or more of those other portfolios or accounts, however, may pay BFA or its affiliates an incentive-based fee in lieu of, or in addition to, an asset-based fee for its advisory services. A portfolio or account with an incentive-based fee would pay BFA or its affiliates a portion of that portfolio’s or account’s gains, or would pay BFA or its affiliates more for its services than would otherwise be the case if BFA or any of its affiliates meets or exceeds specified performance targets. By their nature, incentive-based fee arrangements could present an incentive for BFA or its affiliates to devote greater resources, and allocate more investment opportunities, to the portfolios or accounts that have those fee arrangements, relative to other portfolios or accounts, in order to earn larger fees. Although BFA and each of its affiliates has an obligation to allocate resources and opportunities equitably among portfolios and accounts and intends to do so, shareholders of the Funds should be aware that, as with any group of portfolios and accounts managed by an investment adviser and/or its affiliates pursuant to varying fee arrangements, including incentive-based fee arrangements, there is the potential for a conflict of interest that may result in the Portfolio Managers' favoring those portfolios or accounts with incentive-based fee arrangements.
The tables below show, for each Portfolio Manager, the number of portfolios or accounts of the types set forth in the above tables and the aggregate of total assets in those portfolios or accounts with respect to which the investment management fees are based on the performance of those portfolios or accounts as of July 31, 2013:
Christopher Bliss        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
    
Matthew Goff        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other Accounts
with Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
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Matthew Goff        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other Accounts
with Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
The discussion below describes the Portfolio Managers' compensation as of July 31, 2013.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Overview
BlackRock, Inc.'s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a performance-based discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock, Inc.
Base compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm.
Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, Inc., the performance of the portfolio manager's group within BlackRock, Inc. and the individual's performance and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock, Inc.
Distribution of Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash and BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units which vest ratably over a number of years. The BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units, if properly vested, will be settled in BlackRock, Inc. common stock. Typically, the cash bonus, when combined with base salary, represents more than 60% of total compensation for the portfolio managers. Paying a portion of annual bonuses in stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year “at risk” based on BlackRock, Inc.'s ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods.
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Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards — From time to time, long-term incentive equity awards are granted to certain key employees to aid in retention, align their interests with long-term shareholder interests and motivate performance. Equity awards are generally granted in the form of BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units that, once vested, settle in BlackRock, Inc. common stock.
Other Compensation Benefits. In addition to base compensation and discretionary incentive compensation, portfolio managers may be eligible to receive or participate in one or more of the following:
Incentive Savings Plans — BlackRock, Inc. has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock, Inc. employees are eligible to participate, including a 401(k) plan, the BlackRock Retirement Savings Plan (“RSP”), and the BlackRock Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The employer contribution components of the RSP include a company match equal to 50% of the first 8% of eligible pay contributed to the plan capped at $5,000 per year, and a company retirement contribution equal to 3-5% of eligible compensation up to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) limit ($255,000 for 2013). The RSP offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies and collective investment funds managed by the firm. BlackRock, Inc. contributions follow the investment direction set by participants for their own contributions or, absent participant investment direction, are invested into an index target date fund that corresponds to, or is closest to, the year in which the participant attains age 65. The ESPP allows for investment in BlackRock, Inc. common stock at a 5% discount on the fair market value of the stock on the purchase date. Annual participation in the ESPP is limited to the purchase of 1,000 shares of common stock or a dollar value of $25,000 based on its fair market value on the Purchase Date. Christopher Bliss, Matthew Goff, Diane Hsiung, Jennifer Hsui and Greg Savage are each eligible to participate in these plans.
As of July 31, 2013, the Portfolio Managers beneficially owned shares of the Funds, for which they are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management, in the amounts reflected in the following tables:
Christopher Bliss                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares China Large-Cap ETF X                        
iShares FTSE China ETF X                        
    
Matthew Goff                          
      Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares China Large-Cap ETF X                        
iShares FTSE China ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF X                        
iShares NYSE 100 ETF X                        
iShares NYSE Composite ETF X                        
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF X                        
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Matthew Goff                          
      Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares North American Tech ETF X                        
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF X                        
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF X                        
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF X                        
    
Diane Hsiung                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares China Large-Cap ETF X                        
iShares FTSE China ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF X                        
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF X                        
iShares North American Tech ETF X                        
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF X                        
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF X                        
iShares NYSE 100 ETF X                        
iShares NYSE Composite ETF X                        
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF X                        
    
Jennifer Hsui                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares China Large-Cap ETF X                        
iShares FTSE China ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF X                        
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Jennifer Hsui                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF X                        
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF X                        
iShares North American Tech ETF X                        
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF X                        
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF X                        
iShares NYSE 100 ETF X                        
iShares NYSE Composite ETF X                        
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF X                        
    
Greg Savage                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares China Large-Cap ETF X                        
iShares FTSE China ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF X                        
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF X                        
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF X                        
iShares North American Tech ETF X                        
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF X                        
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF X                        
iShares NYSE 100 ETF X                        
iShares NYSE Composite ETF X                        
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF X                        
Codes of Ethics.  The Trust, BFA and the Distributor have adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The codes of ethics permit personnel subject to the codes of ethics to invest in securities, subject to certain limitations, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.
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Anti-Money Laundering Requirements.  The Funds are subject to the USA PATRIOT Act (the “Patriot Act”). The Patriot Act is intended to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system in furtherance of money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities. Pursuant to requirements under the Patriot Act, a Fund may request information from Authorized Participants to enable it to form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its Authorized Participants. This information will be used to verify the identity of Authorized Participants or, in some cases, the status of financial professionals; it will be used only for compliance with the requirements of the Patriot Act.
The Funds reserve the right to reject purchase orders from persons who have not submitted information sufficient to allow the Fund to verify their identity. Each Fund also reserves the right to redeem any amounts in a Fund from persons whose identity it is unable to verify on a timely basis. It is the Funds' policy to cooperate fully with appropriate regulators in any investigations conducted with respect to potential money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) serves as administrator, custodian and transfer agent for the Funds under the Master Services Agreement and related Service Schedule (the “Service Module”). State Street’s principal address is 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116. Pursuant to the Service Module for Fund Administration and Accounting Services with the Trust, State Street provides necessary administrative, legal, tax and accounting and financial reporting services for the maintenance and operations of the Trust and each Fund. In addition, State Street makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services. Pursuant to the Service Module for Custodial Services with the Trust, State Street maintains, in separate accounts, cash, securities and other assets of the Trust and each Fund, keeps all necessary accounts and records and provides other services. State Street is required, upon the order of the Trust, to deliver securities held by State Street and to make payments for securities purchased by the Trust for each Fund. State Street is authorized to appoint certain foreign custodians or foreign custody managers for Fund investments outside the United States. Pursuant to the Service Module for Transfer Agency Services with the Trust, State Street acts as a transfer agent for each Fund’s authorized and issued shares of beneficial interest, and as dividend disbursing agent of the Trust. As compensation for these services, State Street receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by BFA from its management fee.
The following table sets forth the administration, transfer agency and custodian expenses of each Fund paid by BFA to State Street for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2013
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2012
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2011
iShares China Large-Cap ETF   10/05/04   $ 460,370   $ 560,315   $ 890,690
iShares FTSE China ETF   06/24/08   9,649   8,591   13,520
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   08/14/01   1,872,115   2,653,281   3,105,828
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF   08/01/05   102,405   123,643   150,652
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF   10/18/11   40,721   12,642   N/A
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   12/10/07   144,620   203,667   244,040
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   08/01/05   121,169   137,097   160,659
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF   01/20/10   13,804   15,652   15,594
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF   01/20/10   3,788   2,537   2,830
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF   10/18/11   52,017   6,527   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF   04/16/13   3,455   N/A   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF   07/16/13   156   N/A   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF   04/16/13   5,352   N/A   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF   04/16/13   5,411   N/A   N/A
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF   10/22/01   59,073   75,692   93,150
iShares North American Tech ETF   03/13/01   19,100   21,895   23,900
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   07/10/01   8,419   10,436   14,151
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF   07/10/01   21,422   22,680   21,380
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Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2013
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2012
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2011
iShares NYSE 100 ETF   03/29/04   6,300   7,996   7,588
iShares NYSE Composite ETF   03/30/04   13,112   15,846   10,909
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF   07/10/01   7,995   12,815   13,457
Distributor.  The Distributor's principal address is 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Funds through the Distributor or its agent only in Creation Units, as described in the applicable Prospectus and below in the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Fund shares in amounts less than Creation Units are generally not distributed by the Distributor or its agent. The Distributor or its agent will arrange for the delivery of the applicable Prospectus and, upon request, this SAI to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it or its agents and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it or its agents. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
The Distribution Agreement for each Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on at least 60 days' prior written notice to the other party following (i) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the relevant Fund. The Distribution Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Fund shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as defined below), DTC participants and/or investor services organizations.
BFA or its affiliates may, from time to time and from its own resources, pay, defray or absorb costs relating to distribution, including payments out of its own resources to the Distributor, or to otherwise promote the sale of shares.
The Distributor has served as the Funds' distributor since April 1, 2012. Prior to that date, SEI Investments Distribution Co. (“SEI”), located at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, PA 19456, served as the distributor to the Funds. The following table sets forth the compensation paid by BFA to SEI for certain services, not primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares, provided to each Fund during the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
April 1, 2012
to July 31, 20121
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
Aug. 1, 2011
to March 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 20112
iShares China Large-Cap ETF   10/05/04   $ 7,628   $2,786   $ 7,217   $ 11,713
iShares FTSE China ETF   06/24/08   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   08/14/01   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF   08/01/05   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF   10/18/11   7,628   2,786   5,369   N/A
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   12/10/07   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   08/01/05   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF   01/20/10   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF   01/20/10   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF   10/18/11   7,628   2,786   5,369   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF   04/16/13   2,829   N/A   N/A   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF   07/16/13   625   N/A   N/A   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF   04/16/13   2,829   N/A   N/A   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF   04/16/13   2,829   N/A   N/A   N/A
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF   10/22/01   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
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Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
April 1, 2012
to July 31, 20121
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
Aug. 1, 2011
to March 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 20112
iShares North American Tech ETF   03/13/01   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   07/10/01   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF   07/10/01   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares NYSE 100 ETF   03/29/04   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares NYSE Composite ETF   03/30/04   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF   07/10/01   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713

1 BRIL serves as the distributor to the Funds effective April 1, 2012. These fees reflect payments made to SEI, acting as an agent of the Distributor.
2 SEI served as the distributor to the Funds through March 31, 2012.
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates. BFA and/or its affiliates (“BFA Entities”) pay certain broker-dealers, registered investment advisers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Funds, other iShares funds or exchange-traded products in general. BFA Entities make these payments from their own assets and not from the assets of the Funds. Although a portion of BFA Entities’ revenue comes directly or indirectly in part from fees paid by the Funds and other iShares funds, these payments do not increase the price paid by investors for the purchase of shares of, or the cost of owning, the Fund or other iShares funds. BFA Entities make payments for Intermediaries’ participation in activities that are designed to make registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Funds, or for other activities, such as participation in marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems (“Education Costs”). BFA Entities also make payments to Intermediaries for certain printing, publishing and mailing costs associated with the Funds or materials relating to exchange-traded products in general (“Publishing Costs”). In addition, BFA Entities make payments to Intermediaries that make shares of the Funds and certain other iShares funds available to their clients, develop new products that feature iShares or otherwise promote the Funds and other iShares funds. BFA Entities may also reimburse expenses or make payments from their own assets to Intermediaries or other persons in consideration of services or other activities that the BFA Entities believe may benefit the iShares business or facilitate investment in iShares funds. Payments of the type described above are sometimes referred to as revenue-sharing payments.
Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your salesperson or other investment professional may also be significant for your salesperson or other investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it will recommend or make available to its clients or what services to provide for various products based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments may create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients and these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Funds and other iShares funds over other investments. The same conflict of interest and financial incentive exist with respect to your salesperson or other investment professional if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.
As of March 1, 2013, BFA Entities have contractual arrangements to make payments (in addition to payments for Education Costs or Publishing Costs) to one Intermediary, Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (“FBS”). Pursuant to this special, long-term and significant arrangement (the “Marketing Program”), FBS and certain affiliates (collectively “Fidelity”) have agreed, among other things, to actively promote iShares funds to customers and investment professionals and in advertising campaigns as the preferred exchange-traded product, to offer certain iShares funds in certain Fidelity platforms and investment programs, in some cases at a reduced commission rate or commission free, and to provide marketing data to BFA Entities. BFA Entities have agreed to facilitate the Marketing Program by, among other things, making certain payments to FBS for marketing and implementing certain brokerage and investment programs. Upon termination of the arrangement, the BFA Entities will make additional payments to FBS based upon a number of criteria, including the overall success of the Marketing Program and the level of services provided by FBS during the wind-down period.
Any additions, modifications, or deletions to Intermediaries listed above that have occurred since the date noted above are not included in the list. Further, BFA Entities make Education Costs and Publishing Costs payments to other Intermediaries that are not listed above. BFA Entities may determine to make such payments based on any number of metrics. For example,
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BFA Entities may make payments at year-end or other intervals in a fixed amount, an amount based upon an Intermediary’s services at defined levels or an amount based on the Intermediary’s net sales of one or more iShares funds in a year or other period, any of which arrangements may include an agreed-upon minimum or maximum payment, or any combination of the foregoing. As of the date of this SAI, BFA anticipates that the payments paid by BFA Entities in connection with the Funds, iShares funds and exchange-traded products in general will be immaterial to BFA Entities in the aggregate for the next year. Please contact your salesperson or other investment professional for more information regarding any such payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the BFA Entities to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy shares of iShares funds.
The Funds may participate in certain market maker incentive programs of a national securities exchange in which an affiliate of the Funds would pay a fee to the exchange used for the purpose of incentivizing one or more market makers in the securities of a Fund to enhance the liquidity and quality of the secondary market of securities of a Fund. The fee would then be credited by the exchange to one or more market makers that meet or exceed liquidity and market quality standards with respect to the securities of a Fund. Each market maker incentive program is subject to approval from the SEC. Any such fee payments made to an exchange will be made by an affiliate of a Fund solely for the benefit of a Fund and will not be paid from any Fund assets.
Determination of Net Asset Value
Valuation of Shares. The NAV for a Fund is generally calculated as of the close of regular trading hours on the NYSE (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each business day the NYSE is open. Valuation of securities held by a Fund is as follows:
Equity Investments. Equity securities traded on a recognized securities exchange (e.g., NYSE), separate trading boards of a securities exchange or through a market system that provides contemporaneous transaction pricing information (an “Exchange”) are valued using information obtained via independent pricing services, generally the Exchange closing price, or if an Exchange closing price is not available, the last traded price on that Exchange prior to the time as of which a Fund’s assets or liabilities are valued. However, under certain circumstances other means of determining current market value may be used. If an equity security is traded on more than one Exchange, the current market value of the security where it is primarily traded generally will be used. In the event that there are no sales involving an equity security held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such security, the prior day’s price will be used, unless, in accordance with valuation procedures approved by a Fund’s Board (the “Valuation Procedures”), BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the security, in which case such asset would be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below).
Fixed Income Investments. In accordance with the Valuation Procedures, fixed income securities for which market quotations are readily available are generally valued using such securities’ most recent bid prices provided directly from one or more broker-dealers, market makers, or independent third-party pricing services, each of which may use matrix pricing and valuation models, as well as recent market transactions for the same or similar assets to derive values. The amortized cost method of valuation may be used with respect to debt obligations with sixty days or less remaining to maturity unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such method does not represent fair value. Loan participation notes are generally valued at the mean of the last available bid prices from one or more brokers or dealers as obtained from independent third-party pricing services. Certain fixed income investments, including asset-backed and mortgage-related securities, may be valued based on valuation models that consider the estimated cash flows of each tranche of the entity, establish a benchmark yield and develop an estimated tranche specific spread to the benchmark yield based on the unique attributes of the tranche. Fixed income securities for which market quotations are not readily available may be valued by third-party pricing services that make a valuation determination by securing transaction data (e.g., recent representative bids), credit quality information, perceived market movements, news, and other relevant information and by other methods, which may include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from dealers; and general market conditions.
Options, Futures, Swaps and Other Derivatives. Exchange-traded equity options for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices as quoted on the Exchange or the board of trade on which such options are traded. In the event that there is no mean price available for an exchange traded equity option held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such option, the last bid (long positions) or ask (short positions) price, if available, will be used as the value of such option. If no such bid or ask price is available on a day on which a Fund values such option, the prior
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day’s price will be used, unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the option in which case such option will be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below). Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives may be valued using a mathematical model which may incorporate a number of market data factors. Financial futures contracts and options thereon, which are traded on exchanges, are valued at their settle price as of the close of such exchanges. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
Underlying Funds. Shares of underlying exchange-traded funds will be valued at their most recent closing price on an Exchange. Shares of underlying money market funds will be valued at their net asset value.
General Valuation Information. In determining the market value of portfolio investments, a Fund may employ independent third-party pricing services, which may use, without limitation, a matrix or formula method that takes into consideration market indexes, matrices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. This may result in the securities being valued at a price different from the price that would have been determined had the matrix or formula method not been used. All cash, receivables and current payables are carried on a Fund’s books at their face value.
Prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services, broker-dealers or market makers to value a Fund’s securities and other assets and liabilities are based on information available at the time a Fund values its assets and liabilities. In the event that a pricing service quotation is revised or updated subsequent to the day on which the Fund valued such security or other asset or liability, the revised pricing service quotation generally will be applied prospectively. Such determination will be made considering pertinent facts and circumstances surrounding the revision.
Certain types of securities, including many fixed income securities, trade infrequently and there may be no current market transactions or recent representative bids for such securities. To the extent that prices for such securities are not reflective of current market transactions or recent representative bids, a Fund will value such securities in good faith in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
In the event that application of the methods of valuation discussed above result in a price for a security which is deemed not to be representative of the fair market value of such security, the security will be valued by, under the direction of or in accordance with a method specified by a Fund’s Board as reflecting fair value. All other assets and liabilities (including securities for which market quotations are not readily available) held by a Fund (including restricted securities) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by a Fund’s Board or by BlackRock (its delegate) pursuant to the Valuation Procedures. Any assets and liabilities which are denominated in a foreign currency are converted into U.S. dollars at the prevailing rates of exchange at such times as may be determined by a Fund from time to time.
Certain of the securities acquired by a Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges or over-the-counter markets on days on which a Fund’s net asset value is not calculated. In such cases, the net asset value of a Fund’s shares may be significantly affected on days when investors can neither purchase nor redeem shares of a Fund.
Use of fair value prices and certain current market valuations could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate a Fund’s NAV and the prices used in the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between a Fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Fair Value. When market quotations are not readily available or are believed in good faith by BlackRock to be unreliable, a Fund’s investments are valued at fair value (“Fair Value Assets”). Fair Value Assets are valued by BlackRock in accordance with the Valuation Procedures. BlackRock may reasonably conclude that a market quotation is not readily available or is unreliable if, among other things, a security or other asset or liability does not have a price source due to its lack of trading, if BlackRock believes in good faith that a market quotation from a broker-dealer or other source is unreliable (e.g., where it varies significantly from a recent trade, or no longer reflects the fair value of the security or other asset or liability subsequent to the most recent market quotation), where the security or other asset or liability is only thinly traded or due to the occurrence of a significant event subsequent to the most recent market quotation. For this purpose, a “significant event” is deemed to occur if BlackRock determines, in its reasonable business judgment, that an event has occurred after the close of trading for an asset or liability but prior to or at the time of pricing a Fund’s assets or liabilities, and that the event is likely to cause a material change to the closing market price of the assets or liabilities held by a Fund. Non-U.S. securities whose values are affected by volatility that occurs in U.S. markets for related or highly correlated assets (e.g., ADRs, GDRs or ETFs) on a trading day after the close of non-U.S. securities markets may be fair valued. On any date the NYSE is open and a foreign market or the primary exchange on which a foreign asset or liability is traded is closed, such asset or liability will be valued
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using the prior day’s price, provided that BlackRock is not aware of any significant event or other information that would cause such price to no longer reflect the fair value of the asset or liability, in which case such asset or liability would be treated as a Fair Value Asset.
BlackRock, with input from the BlackRock Investment Strategy Group, will submit its recommendations regarding the valuation and/or valuation methodologies for Fair Value Assets to BlackRock’s Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee may accept, modify or reject any recommendations. In addition, a Fund’s accounting agent periodically endeavors to confirm the prices it receives from all third-party pricing services, index providers and broker-dealers, and, with the assistance of BlackRock, to regularly evaluate the values assigned to the securities and other assets and liabilities held by a Fund. The pricing of all Fair Value Assets is subsequently reported to and, where appropriate, ratified by the Board.
When determining the price for a Fair Value Asset, the BlackRock Valuation Committee (or BlackRock’s Pricing Group) will seek to determine the price that a Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of that asset or liability in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what a Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. Fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that the Valuation Committee (or Pricing Group) deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third party valuation models.
Fair value represents a good faith approximation of the value of an asset or liability. When determining fair value of an asset, one or more of a variety of fair valuation methodologies may be used (depending on factors including the asset type). For example, the asset may be priced on the basis of the original cost of the investment or, alternatively, using proprietary or third-party models (including models that rely upon direct portfolio management pricing inputs and which reflect the significance attributed to the various factors and assumptions being considered). Prices of actual, executed or historical transactions in the relevant asset and/or liability (or related or comparable assets and/or liabilities) or, where appropriate, an appraisal by a third party experienced in the valuation of similar assets and/or liabilities, may also be used as a basis for establishing the fair value of an asset or liability. The fair value of one or more assets or liabilities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets or liabilities could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining a Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
Each Fund’s annual audited financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), follow the requirements for valuation set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), which defines and establishes a framework for measuring fair value under US GAAP and expands financial statement disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements. Generally, ASC 820 and other accounting rules applicable to funds and various assets in which they invest are evolving. Such changes may adversely affect a Fund. For example, the evolution of rules governing the determination of the fair market value of assets or liabilities to the extent such rules become more stringent would tend to increase the cost and/or reduce the availability of third-party determinations of fair market value. This may in turn increase the costs associated with selling assets or affect their liquidity due to a Fund’s inability to obtain a third-party determination of fair market value.
Brokerage Transactions
Subject to policies established by the Board, BFA is primarily responsible for the execution of a Fund’s portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage. BFA does not execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer, but seeks to obtain the best net results for the Funds, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, operational facilities of the firm and the firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. While BFA generally seeks reasonable trade execution costs, a Fund does not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available, and payment of the lowest commission or spread is not necessarily consistent with obtaining the best price and execution in particular transactions. Subject to applicable legal requirements, BFA may select a broker based partly upon brokerage or research services provided to BFA and its clients, including a Fund. In return for such services, BFA may cause a Fund to pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if BFA determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
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In selecting brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, BFA seeks to obtain the best price and most favorable execution for a Fund and may take into account a variety of factors including: (i) the size, nature and character of the security or instrument being traded and the markets in which it is purchased or sold; (ii) the desired timing of the transaction; (iii) BFA’s knowledge of the expected commission rates and spreads currently available; (iv) the activity existing and expected in the market for the particular security or instrument, including any anticipated execution difficulties; (v) the full range of brokerage services provided; (vi) the broker’s or dealer’s capital; (vii) the quality of research and research services provided; (viii) the reasonableness of the commission, dealer spread or its equivalent for the specific transaction; and (ix) BFA’s knowledge of any actual or apparent operational problems of a broker or dealer. Brokers may also be selected because of their ability to handle special or difficult executions, such as may be involved in large block trades, less liquid securities, or other circumstances.
Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act (“Section 28(e)”) permits an investment adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause an account to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction that exceeds the amount another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the same transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by that broker or dealer. This includes commissions paid on riskless principal transactions under certain conditions.
From time to time, a Fund may purchase new issues of securities in a fixed price offering. In these situations, the broker may be a member of the selling group that will, in addition to selling securities, provide BFA with research services. FINRA has adopted rules expressly permitting these types of arrangements under certain circumstances. Generally, the broker will provide research “credits” in these situations at a rate that is higher than that available for typical secondary market transactions. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e).
The Funds anticipate that brokerage transactions involving foreign securities generally will be conducted primarily on the principal stock exchanges of the applicable country. Foreign equity securities may be held by the Funds in the form of depositary receipts, or other securities convertible into foreign equity securities. Depositary receipts may be listed on stock exchanges, or traded in over-the-counter markets in the United States or Europe, as the case may be. American Depositary Receipts, like other securities traded in the United States, will be subject to negotiated commission rates.
OTC issues, including most fixed income securities such as corporate debt and U.S. Government securities, are normally traded on a “net” basis without a stated commission, through dealers acting for their own account and not as brokers. The Funds will primarily engage in transactions with these dealers or deal directly with the issuer unless a better price or execution could be obtained by using a broker. Prices paid to a dealer with respect to both foreign and domestic securities will generally include a “spread,” which is the difference between the prices at which the dealer is willing to purchase and sell the specific security at the time, and includes the dealer’s normal profit.
Under the Investment Company Act, persons affiliated with a Fund and persons who are affiliated with such affiliated persons are prohibited from dealing with the Fund as principal in the purchase and sale of securities unless a permissive order allowing such transactions is obtained from the Commission. Since transactions in the OTC market usually involve transactions with the dealers acting as principal for their own accounts, the Funds will not deal with affiliated persons, including PNC and its affiliates, in connection with such transactions. The Funds will not purchase securities during the existence of any underwriting or selling group relating to such securities of which BFA, PNC, BRIL or any affiliated person (as defined in the Investment Company Act) thereof is a member except pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board in accordance with Rule 10f-3 under the Investment Company Act.
Purchases of money market instruments by the Funds are made from dealers, underwriters and issuers. The Funds do not currently expect to incur any brokerage commission expense on such transactions because money market instruments are generally traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission. The price of the security, however, usually includes a profit to the dealer.
BFA may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions.
Securities purchased in underwritten offerings include a fixed amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s concession or discount. When securities are purchased or sold directly from or to an issuer, no commissions or discounts are paid.
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Investment decisions for the Funds and for other investment accounts managed by BFA and its affiliates are made independently of each other in light of differing conditions. A variety of factors will be considered in making investment allocations. These factors include: (i) investment objectives or strategies for particular accounts, including sector, industry, country or region and capitalization weightings; (ii) tax considerations of an account; (iii) risk or investment concentration parameters for an account; (iv) supply or demand for a security at a given price level; (v) size of available investment; (vi) cash availability and liquidity requirements for accounts; (vii) regulatory restrictions; (viii) minimum investment size of an account; (ix) relative size of account; and (x) such other factors as may be approved by BlackRock’s general counsel. Moreover, investments may not be allocated to one client account over another based on any of the following considerations: (i) to favor one client account at the expense of another; (ii) to generate higher fees paid by one client account over another or to produce greater performance compensation to BlackRock; (iii) to develop or enhance a relationship with a client or prospective client; (iv) to compensate a client for past services or benefits rendered to BlackRock or to induce future services or benefits to be rendered to BlackRock; or (v) to manage or equalize investment performance among different client accounts. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest.
Initial public offerings of securities may be over-subscribed and subsequently trade at a premium in the secondary market. When BFA is given an opportunity to invest in such an initial offering or “new” or “hot” issue, the supply of securities available for client accounts is often less than the amount of securities the accounts would otherwise take. In order to allocate these investments fairly and equitably among client accounts over time, each portfolio manager or a member of his or her respective investment team will indicate to BFA’s trading desk their level of interest in a particular offering with respect to eligible clients’ accounts for which that team is responsible. Initial public offerings of U.S. equity securities will be identified as eligible for particular client accounts that are managed by portfolio teams who have indicated interest in the offering based on market capitalization of the issuer of the security and the investment mandate of the client account and in the case of international equity securities, the country where the offering is taking place and the investment mandate of the client account. Generally, shares received during the initial public offering will be allocated among participating client accounts within each investment mandate on a pro rata basis. This pro rata allocation may result in a Fund receiving less of a particular security than if pro-ration had not occurred. All allocations of securities will be subject, where relevant, to share minimums established for accounts and compliance constraints. In situations where supply is too limited to be allocated among all accounts for which the investment is eligible, portfolio managers may rotate such investment opportunities among one or more accounts so long as the rotation system provides for fair access for all client accounts over time. Other allocation methodologies that are considered by BFA to be fair and equitable to clients may be used as well.
Because different accounts may have differing investment objectives and policies, BFA may buy and sell the same securities at the same time for different clients based on the particular investment objective, guidelines and strategies of those accounts. For example, BFA may decide that it may be entirely appropriate for a growth fund to sell a security at the same time a value fund is buying that security. To the extent that transactions on behalf of more than one client of BFA or its affiliates during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price. For example, sales of a security by BlackRock on behalf of one or more of its clients may decrease the market price of such security, adversely impacting other BlackRock clients that still hold the security. If purchases or sales of securities arise for consideration at or about the same time that would involve the Funds or other clients or funds for which BFA or an affiliate act as investment manager, transactions in such securities will be made, insofar as feasible, for the respective funds and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all.
In certain instances, BFA may find it efficient for purposes of seeking to obtain best execution, to aggregate or “bunch” certain contemporaneous purchases or sale orders of its advisory accounts and advisory accounts of affiliates. In general, all contemporaneous trades for client accounts under management by the same portfolio manager or investment team will be bunched in a single order if the trader believes the bunched trade would provide each client with an opportunity to achieve a more favorable execution at a potentially lower execution cost. The costs associated with a bunched order will be shared pro rata among the clients in the bunched order. Generally, if an order for a particular portfolio manager or management team is filled at several different prices through multiple trades, all accounts participating in the order will receive the average price except in the case of certain international markets where average pricing is not permitted. While in some cases this practice could have a detrimental effect upon the price or value of the security as far as the Funds are concerned, in other cases it could be beneficial to the Funds. Transactions effected by BFA or its affiliates on behalf of more than one of its clients during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, causing an adverse effect on price. The trader will give the bunched order to the broker-dealer that the trader has identified as being able
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to provide the best execution of the order. Orders for purchase or sale of securities will be placed within a reasonable amount of time of the order receipt and bunched orders will be kept bunched only long enough to execute the order.
The table below sets forth the brokerage commissions paid by each Fund for the fiscal years noted. Any differences in brokerage commissions paid by a Fund from year to year are due to increases or decreases in that Fund’s assets over those periods:
Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2013
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2012
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2011
iShares China Large-Cap ETF   10/05/04   $ 108,134   $ 653,707   $ 1,657,051
iShares FTSE China ETF   06/24/08   672   1,381   2,708
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   08/14/01   523,902   1,247,728   1,091,495
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF   08/01/05   24,349   34,048   32,896
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF   10/18/11   11,357   1,574   N/A
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   12/10/07   72,489   139,206   157,451
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   08/01/05   38,429   53,349   65,038
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF   01/20/10   870   1,051   1,422
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF   01/20/10   221   57   75
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF   10/18/11   46,063   8,186   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF   04/16/13   4,508   N/A   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF   07/16/13   0   N/A   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF   04/16/13   678   N/A   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF   04/16/13   698   N/A   N/A
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF   10/22/01   11,865   21,112   34,096
iShares North American Tech ETF   03/13/01   2,809   1,524   7,566
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   07/10/01   4,204   18,920   15,544
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF   07/10/01   2,643   3,745   12,008
iShares NYSE 100 ETF   03/29/04   342   856   1,353
iShares NYSE Composite ETF   03/30/04   1,052   2,398   4,060
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF   07/10/01   4,307   26,644   122,952
The following table sets forth the names of the Funds’ “regular” broker-dealers, as defined under Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act, which derive more than 15% of their gross revenues from securities-related activities and in which the Funds invest, together with the market value of each investment as of the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013:
Fund   Issuer   Market Value
of Investment
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   UBS AG   $ 252,134,193
    Deutsche Bank AG   163,326,992
    Credit Suisse Group AG   151,852,880
    Nomura Holdings, Inc.   97,328,354
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF   UBS AG   $ 18,332,672
    Credit Suisse Group AG   11,218,790
    Nomura Holdings, Inc.   7,035,190
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   Deutsche Bank AG   $ 15,649,217
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF   UBS AG   $ 4,023,275
    Deutsche Bank AG   2,581,175
    Credit Suisse Group AG   2,466,984
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF   Nomura Holdings, Inc.   $ 287,089
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF   J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   $ 125,337
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Fund   Issuer   Market Value
of Investment
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   120,398
    Bank of America Corp.   72,898
    Morgan Stanley   70,365
    Citigroup, Inc.   69,920
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF   J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   $ 2,707,642
    Bank of America Corp.   1,975,117
    Citigroup, Inc.   1,895,863
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   843,442
    Morgan Stanley   452,203
iShares NYSE 100 ETF   J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   $1,566,626
    Citigroup, Inc.   1,191,868
    Bank of America Corp.   1,170,584
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   528,341
    Morgan Stanley   397,130
iShares NYSE Composite ETF   J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   $ 956,160
    Citigroup, Inc.   726,884
    Bank of America Corp.   713,779
    UBS AG   347,175
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   323,303
    Morgan Stanley   243,529
    Credit Suisse Group AG   213,012
    Deutsche Bank AG   211,543
    Nomura Holdings, Inc.   134,348
None of the Funds paid any brokerage commissions to BlackRock, an affiliate of BFA, and a subsidiary of BTC, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The Funds' purchase and sale orders for securities may be combined with those of other investment companies, clients or accounts that BFA or its affiliates manage or advise and for which they have brokerage placement authority. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Funds and one or more other accounts managed or advised by BFA or its affiliates are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the Funds and the other accounts in a manner deemed equitable to all by BFA and its affiliates. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as the Funds are concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower transaction costs will be beneficial to the Funds. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest. BFA and its affiliates may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions. The Funds will not deal with affiliates in principal transactions unless permitted by applicable SEC rules or regulations, or by SEC exemptive order.
Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates may result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses. The table below sets forth the portfolio turnover rates of each Fund for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2013   Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2012
iShares China Large-Cap ETF   31%   21%
iShares FTSE China ETF   19%   6%
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   3%   5%
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF   26%   26%
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF   27%   25%
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Fund   Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2013   Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2012
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   12%   16%
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   27%   27%
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF   7%   8%
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF   13%   7%
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF   26%   30%
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF   38%   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF   0%   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF   5%   N/A
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF   6%   N/A
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF   7%   8%
iShares North American Tech ETF   9%   9%
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   25%   33%
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF   15%   10%
iShares NYSE 100 ETF   8%   10%
iShares NYSE Composite ETF   13%   11%
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF   16%   27%
Additional Information Concerning the Trust
Shares. The Trust currently consists of more than 235 separate investment series or portfolios called funds. The Trust issues shares of beneficial interests in the funds with no par value. The Board may designate additional iShares funds.
Each share issued by a fund has a pro rata interest in the assets of that fund. Shares have no preemptive, exchange, subscription or conversion rights and are freely transferable. Each share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by the Board with respect to the relevant fund, and in the net distributable assets of such fund on liquidation.
Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which the shareholder is entitled to vote. In any matter submitted to shareholders for a vote, each fund shall hold a separate vote, provided that shareholders of all affected funds will vote together when: (1) required by the 1940 Act, or (2) the Trustees determine that the matter affects the interests of more than one fund.
Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. The policy of the Trust is not to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. All shares (regardless of the fund) have noncumulative voting rights in the election of members of the Board. Under Delaware law, Trustees of the Trust may be removed by vote of the shareholders.
Following the creation of the initial Creation Unit(s) of shares of a fund and immediately prior to the commencement of trading in such fund’s shares, a holder of shares may be a “control person” of the fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. A fund cannot predict the length of time for which one or more shareholders may remain a control person of the fund.
In accordance with the Trust's Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 17, 2009 (the “Declaration of Trust”), the Board may, without shareholder approval (unless such shareholder approval is required by applicable law, including the 1940 Act), cause one or more funds commencing operations after September 24, 2008 (each, a “New Fund”) to merge, reorganize, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of their assets, or take other similar actions with, to or into another New Fund.
Shareholders may make inquiries by writing to iShares Trust, c/o BlackRock Investments, LLC, 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310.
Absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, beneficial owners of more than 5% of the shares of a fund may be subject to the reporting provisions of Section 13 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. In addition, absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, officers and trustees of a fund and beneficial owners of 10% of the shares of a fund (“Insiders”) may be subject to the insider reporting, short-swing profit and short sale
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provisions of Section 16 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. Beneficial owners and Insiders should consult with their own legal counsel concerning their obligations under Sections 13 and 16 of the 1934 Act.
Termination of the Trust or a Fund.  The Trust or a Fund may be terminated by a majority vote of the Board, subject to the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders of the Trust or such Fund entitled to vote on termination; however, in certain circumstances described in the Declaration of Trust, only a majority vote of the Board is required. Although the shares are not automatically redeemable upon the occurrence of any specific event, the Declaration of Trust provides that the Board will have the unrestricted power to alter the number of shares in a Creation Unit. In the event of a termination of the Trust or a Fund, the Board, in its sole discretion, could determine to permit the shares to be redeemable in aggregations smaller than Creation Units or to be individually redeemable. In such circumstance, the Trust may make redemptions in-kind, for cash or for a combination of cash or securities.
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds.  Shares of each Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.
DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (“DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities’ certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE, the NYSE Amex Equities and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”).
Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the shares of each Fund held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares of the Trust. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in shares of each Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants. DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to shares of the Trust at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.
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Creation and Redemption of Creation Units
General.  The Trust issues and sells shares of each Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor or its agent, without a sales load, at a price based on the NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined below), of an order received by the Distributor or its agent in proper form. The following table sets forth the number of shares of a Fund that constitute a Creation Unit for such Fund and the value of such Creation Unit as of August 31, 2013:
Fund   Shares Per
Creation Unit
  Value Per
Creation
Unit (U.S.$)
iShares China Large-Cap ETF   150,000   $ 5,283,000
iShares FTSE China ETF   100,000   4,494,000
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   600,000   35,616,000
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF   400,000   25,448,000
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF   100,000   5,773,000
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   200,000   8,920,000
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   400,000   20,128,000
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF   50,000   1,056,500
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF   50,000   1,406,500
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF   100,000   3,266,000
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF   50,000   2,623,000
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF   50,000   2,456,500
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF   50,000   2,603,500
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF   50,000   2,648,500
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF   50,000   2,030,500
iShares North American Tech ETF   50,000   3,837,500
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   50,000   1,459,500
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF   50,000   3,672,000
iShares NYSE 100 ETF   50,000   3,803,500
iShares NYSE Composite ETF   50,000   4,242,500
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF   50,000   3,119,000
The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of shares outstanding of any Fund, and to make a corresponding change in the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit, in the event that the per share price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Board.
A “Business Day” with respect to each Fund is any day on which the Listing Exchange on which the Fund is listed for trading is open for business. As of the date of this SAI, each Listing Exchange observes the following holidays, as observed: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of Creation Units of a Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) (“Deposit Securities”) and the Cash Component computed as described below. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which, when combined with a Fund's portfolio securities, is designed to generate performance that has a collective investment profile similar to that of the Underlying Index. The Fund Deposit represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of any Fund.
The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the “Deposit Amount,” which is an amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities, and serves to compensate for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount. Payment of any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities are the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing a Creation Unit.
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BFA makes available through the NSCC on each Business Day prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange, the list of names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security and the amount of the Cash Component to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information as of the end of the previous Business Day for each Fund). Such Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, to purchases of Creation Units of shares of a given Fund until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit is made available.
The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities change pursuant to changes in the composition of a Fund's portfolio and as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by BFA with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities constituting the relevant Underlying Index.
The Funds reserve the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through DTC. The Funds also reserve the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which (i) the delivery of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under applicable securities or other local laws or (ii) the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under applicable securities or other local laws, or in certain other situations.
Cash Purchase Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a partial or full cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser.
Role of the Authorized Participant. Creation Units may be purchased only by or through a DTC Participant that has entered into an authorized participant agreement with the Distributor (an “Authorized Participant”). Such Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of such authorized participant agreement and on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that such Authorized Participant will make available in advance of each purchase of shares an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component, once the net asset value of a Creation Unit is next determined after receipt of the purchase order in proper form, together with the transaction fees described below. An Authorized Participant, acting on behalf of an investor, may require the investor to enter into an agreement with such Authorized Participant with respect to certain matters, including payment of the Cash Component. Investors who are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not be a DTC Participant or may not have executed an authorized participant agreement and that orders to purchase Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant. As a result, purchase orders placed through an Authorized Participant may result in additional charges to such investor. The Trust does not expect to enter into an authorized participant agreement with more than a small number of DTC Participants. A list of current Authorized Participants may be obtained from the Distributor. The Distributor has adopted guidelines regarding Authorized Participants’ transactions in Creation Units that are made available to all Authorized Participants. These guidelines set forth the processes and standards for Authorized Participants to transact with the Distributor and its agents in connection with creation and redemption transactions.
Purchase Orders.  To initiate an order for a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit to the Distributor or its agent an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund, in proper form, generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day to receive that day’s NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Funds may require orders for Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. The Distributor or its agent will notify BFA and the custodian of such order. The custodian will then provide such information to any appropriate sub-custodian. Procedures and requirements governing the delivery of the Fund Deposit are set forth in the procedures handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a creation request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request. Those placing orders to purchase Creation Units through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Distributor or its agent by the Cutoff Time (as defined below) on such Business Day.
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The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the contractual settlement date, by means satisfactory to the Funds, immediately available or same day funds estimated by the Funds to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component next determined after acceptance of the purchase order, together with the applicable purchase transaction fees. Any excess funds will be returned following settlement of the issue of the Creation Unit. Those placing orders should ascertain the applicable deadline for cash transfers by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effectuating the transfer of the Cash Component. This deadline is likely to be significantly earlier than the Cutoff Time of the Funds. Investors should be aware that an Authorized Participant may require orders for purchases of shares placed with it to be in the particular form required by the individual Authorized Participant.
The Authorized Participant is responsible for any and all expenses and costs incurred by a Fund, including any applicable cash amounts, in connection with any purchase order.
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Creation Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor or its agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement, as described below. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or its agent or an Authorized Participant. Orders to create shares of a Fund that are submitted on the Business Day immediately preceding a holiday or a day (other than a weekend) when the equity markets in the relevant non-U.S. market are closed may not be accepted. Each Fund's deadline specified above for the submission of purchase orders is referred to as that Fund's “Cutoff Time.” The Distributor or its agent, in their discretion, may permit the submission of such orders and requests by or through an Authorized Participant at any time (including on days on which the Listing Exchange is not open for business) via communication through the facilities of the Distributor's or its agent's proprietary website maintained for this purpose. Purchase orders and redemption requests, if accepted by the Trust, will be processed based on the NAV next determined after such acceptance in accordance with each Fund's Cutoff Times as provided in the authorized participant agreement and disclosed in this SAI.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units.  Subject to the conditions that (i) an irrevocable purchase order has been submitted by the Authorized Participant (either on its own or another investor's behalf) and (ii) arrangements satisfactory to the Funds are in place for payment of the Cash Component and any other cash amounts which may be due, the Funds will accept the order, subject to each Fund's right (and the right of the Distributor and BFA) to reject any order until acceptance, as set forth below.
Once a Fund has accepted an order, upon the next determination of the net asset value of the shares, the Fund will confirm the issuance of a Creation Unit, against receipt of payment, at such net asset value. The Distributor or its agent will then transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.
Each Fund reserves the absolute right to reject or revoke a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor or its agent if (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (iii) the Deposit Securities delivered do not conform to the identity and number of shares specified, as described above; (iv) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (vi) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the discretion of the Fund or BFA, have an adverse effect on the Fund or the rights of beneficial owners; or (vii) circumstances outside the control of the Fund, the Distributor or its agent and BFA make it impracticable to process purchase orders. The Distributor or its agent shall notify a prospective purchaser of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such purchaser of its rejection of such order. The Funds, State Street, the sub-custodian and the Distributor or its agent are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification.
Issuance of a Creation Unit.  Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the applicable Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the custodian that the securities included in the Fund Deposit (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Distributor or its agent and BFA shall be notified of such delivery and the applicable Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit. Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+3 basis” (i.e., three Business Days after trade date). For the iShares China Large-Cap ETF and iShares FTSE China ETF, Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+2 basis” (i.e., two Business Days after trade date). However, as
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discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than T+2 or T+3, as applicable, in order to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (i.e., the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security), and in certain other circumstances.
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor, each Fund will issue Creation Units to such Authorized Participant, notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Fund Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities in accordance with the Funds' then-effective procedures. The only collateral that is acceptable to the Funds is cash in U.S. dollars. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on the contractual settlement date. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. Information concerning the Funds' current procedures for collateralization of missing Deposit Securities is available from the Distributor or its agent. The authorized participant agreement will permit the Funds to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Funds of purchasing such securities and the cash collateral.
In certain cases, Authorized Participants may create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date and in these instances, the Funds reserve the right to settle these transactions on a net basis or require a representation from the Authorized Participants that the creation and redemption transactions are for separate beneficial owners. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by each Fund and the Fund's determination shall be final and binding.
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions.  A standard creation transaction fee is imposed to offset the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The standard creation transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant creates a Creation Unit, and is the same, regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by the Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Deposit Securities to the Funds. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard creation transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations*
iShares China Large-Cap ETF   $ 1,300   3.0%
iShares FTSE China ETF   1,800   3.0%
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   15,000   3.0%
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF   12,800   3.0%
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF   2,600   3.0%
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF   375   3.0%
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF   400   3.0%
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF   1,700   3.0%
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF   1,700   3.0%
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   10,000   3.0%
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   13,200   3.0%
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF   1,700   3.0%
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF   1,300   3.0%
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF   300   3.0%
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF   500   3.0%
iShares North American Tech ETF   650   3.0%
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Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations*
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   250   3.0%
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF   500   3.0%
iShares NYSE 100 ETF   250   3.0%
iShares NYSE Composite ETF   3,000   3.0%
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF   250   3.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit.
Redemption of Creation Units.  Shares of a Fund may be redeemed by Authorized Participants only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Distributor or its agent and only on a Business Day. The Funds will not redeem shares in amounts less than Creation Units. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the secondary market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a Creation Unit that could be redeemed by an Authorized Participant. Beneficial owners also may sell shares in the secondary market.
Each Fund generally redeems Creation Units for Fund Securities. Please see the Cash Redemption Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the in-kind method for further information on redeeming Creation Units of the Funds.
BFA makes available through the NSCC, prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange on each Business Day, the designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”), and an amount of cash (the “Cash Amount,” as described below). Such Fund Securities and the corresponding Cash Amount (each subject to possible amendment or correction) are applicable, in order to effect redemptions of Creation Units of a Fund until such time as the next announced composition of the Fund Securities and Cash Amount is made available. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units. Procedures and requirements governing redemption transactions are set forth in the handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time.
Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for a Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of Fund Securities, plus the Cash Amount, which is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the shares being redeemed, as next determined after the receipt of a redemption request in proper form, and the value of Fund Securities, less a redemption transaction fee (as described below).
The Trust may, in its sole discretion, substitute a “cash in lieu” amount to replace any Fund Security. The amount of cash paid out in such cases will be equivalent to the value of the substituted security listed as a Fund Security. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the difference is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Each Fund generally redeems Creation Units for Fund Securities, but each Fund reserves the right to utilize a cash option for redemption of Creation Units.
Cash Redemption Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions thereof. In the case of partial or full cash redemption, the Authorized Participant receives the cash equivalent of the Fund Securities it would otherwise receive through an in-kind redemption, plus the same Cash Amount to be paid to an in-kind redeemer.
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions.  A standard redemption transaction fee is imposed to offset transfer and other transaction costs that may be incurred by the relevant Fund. The standard redemption transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant redeems a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by an Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and
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expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from a Fund to their account on their order. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to dispose of Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard redemption transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Redemption
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Redemptions*
iShares China Large-Cap ETF   $ 1,300   2.0%
iShares FTSE China ETF   1,800   2.0%
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   15,000   2.0%
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF   12,800   2.0%
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF   2,600   2.0%
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   10,000   2.0%
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   13,200   2.0%
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF   1,700   2.0%
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF   1,300   2.0%
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF   300   2.0%
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF   375   2.0%
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor ETF   400   2.0%
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF   1,700   2.0%
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF   1,700   2.0%
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF   500   2.0%
iShares North American Tech ETF   650   2.0%
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   250   2.0%
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF   500   2.0%
iShares NYSE 100 ETF   250   2.0%
iShares NYSE Composite ETF   3000   2.0%
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF   250   2.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit, inclusive of the standard redemption transaction fee.
Placement of Redemption Orders. Redemption requests for Creation Units of the Funds must be submitted to the Distributor or its agent by or through an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable request to redeem shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a redemption request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request.
The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption in the form required by the Funds to the Distributor or its agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an authorized participant agreement and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an authorized participant agreement. At any time, only a limited number of broker-dealers will have an authorized participant agreement in effect. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the shares to the Funds' transfer agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Funds' transfer agent the Creation Unit redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the Listing Exchange closing time on any Business Day, (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the applicable Fund is received by the Distributor or its agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor
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within the time periods specified above and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement are properly followed. If the transfer agent does not receive the investor's shares through DTC's facilities by 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Business Day next following the day that the redemption request is received, the redemption request shall be rejected. Investors should be aware that the deadline for such transfers of shares through the DTC system may be significantly earlier than the close of business on the Listing Exchange. Those making redemption requests should ascertain the deadline applicable to transfers of shares through the DTC system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effecting the transfer of the shares.
Upon receiving a redemption request, the Distributor or its agent shall notify the applicable Fund and the Fund's transfer agent of such redemption request. The tender of an investor's shares for redemption and the distribution of the securities and/or cash included in the redemption payment made in respect of Creation Units redeemed will be made through DTC and the relevant Authorized Participant to the Beneficial Owner thereof as recorded on the book-entry system of DTC or the DTC Participant through which such investor holds, as the case may be, or by such other means specified by the Authorized Participant submitting the redemption request.
A redeeming Beneficial Owner or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Beneficial Owner must maintain appropriate security arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the portfolio securities are customarily traded, to which account such portfolio securities will be delivered.
Deliveries of redemption proceeds by the Funds generally will be made within three Business Days (i.e., “T+3”), except for the iShares China Large-Cap ETF and iShares FTSE China ETF, deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within two Business Days (i.e., “T+2”). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle redemption transactions and deliver redemption proceeds on another basis to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (i.e., the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold) and in certain other circumstances. The Regular Holidays section hereto identifies the instances, if any, where more than seven days would be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Pursuant to an order of the SEC, the Trust will make delivery of redemption proceeds within the number of days stated in the Regular Holidays section to be the maximum number of days necessary to deliver redemption proceeds.
If neither the redeeming Beneficial Owner nor the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such redeeming Beneficial Owner has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of Fund Securities in the applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of Fund Securities in such jurisdiction, a Fund may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming Beneficial Owner will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In such case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the net asset value of its shares based on the NAV of the relevant Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charges specified above to offset the Fund's brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and each Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Fund cannot lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or cannot do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws.
Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit cash redemptions of Creation Units, in the event that cash redemptions are permitted or required by the Trust, proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming shares as soon as practicable after the date of redemption (within seven calendar days thereafter, except for the instances listed in the Regular Holidays section in which more than seven calendar days would be needed).
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor or its agent, in the event an Authorized Participant has submitted a redemption request in proper form but is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to the Fund, at or prior to 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Listing Exchange business day after the date of submission of such redemption request, the Distributor or its agent will accept the redemption request in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing shares as soon as possible. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash, in U.S. dollars in immediately available funds, having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing shares. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 10:00
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a.m., Eastern time on the day after the date of submission of such redemption request and shall be held by State Street and marked-to-market daily. The fees of State Street and any sub-custodians in respect of the delivery, maintenance and redelivery of the cash collateral shall be payable by the Authorized Participant. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. The authorized participant agreement permits the Funds to acquire shares of the Funds at any time and subjects the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the aggregate of the cost to the Funds of purchasing such shares, plus the value of the Cash Amount, and the value of the cash collateral.
Because the portfolio securities of a Fund may trade on exchange(s) on days that the Listing Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for such Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of such Fund, or purchase or sell shares of such Fund on the Listing Exchange on days when the NAV of such a Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to any Fund: (i) for any period during which the applicable Listing Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the applicable Listing Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund's portfolio securities or determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units.  An Authorized Participant generally will recognize either gain or loss upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units. This gain or loss is calculated by taking the market value of the Creation Units purchased over the Authorized Participant’s aggregate basis in the Deposit Securities exchanged therefor. However, the IRS may apply the wash sales rules to determine that any loss realized upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units is not currently deductible. Authorized Participants should consult their own tax advisers.
Current U.S. federal tax laws dictate that capital gain or loss realized from the redemption of Creation Units will generally create long-term capital gain or loss if the Authorized Participant holds the Creation Units for more than one year, or short-term capital gain or loss if the Creation Units were held for one year or less, if the Creation Units are held as capital assets.
Regular Holidays. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable non-U.S. market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a non-U.S. market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within the normal settlement period.
The securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming investors, coupled with non-U.S. market holiday schedules, will require a delivery process longer than seven calendar days, in certain circumstances. The holidays applicable to each Fund during such periods are listed below, as are instances where more than seven days will be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed below for each Fund. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local securities delivery practices, could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.
In calendar years 2013 and 2014, the dates of regular holidays affecting the relevant securities markets in which a Fund invests are as follows (please note these holiday schedules are subject to potential changes in the relevant securities markets):
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2013
Australia
January 1 April 1 June 10 November 5
January 28 April 25 August 5 December 25
March 4 May 6 August 14 December 26
March 11 May 20 September 30  
March 29 June 3 October 7  
    
Austria
January 1 May 9 November 1 December 31
March 29 May 20 December 24  
April 1 May 30 December 25  
May 1 August 15 December 26  
    
Belgium
January 1 May 9 November 1  
March 29 May 10 November 11  
April 1 May 20 December 25  
May 1 August 15 December 26  
    
Brazil
January 1 March 29 November 15 December 31
January 25 May 1 November 20  
February 11 May 30 December 24  
February 12 July 9 December 25  
    
Canada
January 1 May 20 September 2 December 26
January 2 June 24 October 14  
February 18 July 1 November 11  
March 29 August 5 December 25  
    
Chile
January 1 May 27 November 1  
March 29 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
May 21 September 19    
China
January 1 February 14 May 7 October 3
January 21 February 15 May 27 October 4
February 7 February 18 July 4 October 7
February 8 May 1 September 2 October 14
February 11 May 2 September 30 November 11
February 12 May 3 October 1 November 28
February 13 May 6 October 2 December 25
    
Colombia
January 1 May 1 August 7 December 25
January 7 May 13 August 19 December 31
March 25 June 3 October 14  
March 28 June 10 November 4  
March 29 July 1 November 11  
    
The Czech Republic
January 1 July 5 December 26  
April 1 October 28 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
May 8 December 25    
    
Denmark
January 1 April 26 December 24  
March 28 May 9 December 25  
March 29 May 20 December 26  
April 1 June 5 December 31  
    
Egypt
January 1 May 5 August 8 October 16
January 7 May 6 August 11 November 4
January 24 July 1 October 6 November 5
April 25 July 23 October 14  
May 1 August 7 October 15  
The Egyptian market is closed every Friday.
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Finland
January 1 May 9 December 25  
March 29 June 21 December 26  
April 1 December 6 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
    
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
March 29 May 9 December 25  
April 1 August 15 December 26  
May 1 November 1    
    
Germany
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 25
February 11 May 9 October 3 December 26
March 29 May 20 November 1 December 31
April 1 May 30 December 24  
    
Greece
January 1 April 1 June 24 December 26
March 18 May 1 August 15  
March 25 May 3 October 28  
March 29 May 6 December 25  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 4 September 20 December 26
February 11 May 1 October 1 December 31
February 12 May 17 October 14  
March 29 June 12 December 24  
April 1 July 1 December 25  
    
Hungary
January 1 May 20 November 1  
March 15 August 19 December 24  
April 1 August 20 December 25  
May 1 October 23 December 26  
India
January 25 April 20 August 10 November 4
January 26 April 23 August 15 November 5
March 27 May 1 August 22 November 14
March 29 May 25 September 9 November 15
April 1 June 29 September 30 December 25
April 11 July 1 October 2  
April 19 August 9 October 16  
    
Indonesia
January 1 May 9 August 12 December 24
January 25 June 7 August 13 December 25
March 12 August 7 October 15 December 26
March 29 August 8 November 4 December 30
April 11 August 9 November 5 December 31
    
Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 28 December 27
March 18 May 6 December 24  
March 29 June 3 December 25  
April 1 August 5 December 26  
    
Israel
February 24 April 14 September 4 September 19
March 25 April 15 September 5 September 25
March 26 May 14 September 6 September 26
March 31 May 15 September 13  
April 1 July 16 September 18  
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
Italy
January 1 May 1 December 25  
March 29 August 15 December 26  
April 1 November 1 December 31  
April 25 December 24    
    
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Japan
January 1 February 11 May 6 October 14
January 2 March 20 July 15 November 4
January 3 April 29 September 16 December 23
January 14 May 3 September 23 December 31
    
Luxembourg
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 25
March 29 May 9 November 1 December 26
April 1 May 20 December 24  
    
Malaysia
January 1 May 1 June 1 October 15
January 24 May 24 August 7 November 4
February 1 May 25 August 8 November 5
February 11 May 30 August 9 December 25
February 12 May 31 August 31  
    
Mexico
January 1 March 21 September 16 December 25
February 4 March 28 November 18  
February 5 March 29 November 20  
March 18 May 1 December 12  
    
Morocco
January 1 May 1 August 14 October 17
January 11 July 30 August 20 November 5
January 24 August 8 August 21 November 6
January 25 August 9 October 16 November 18
    
The Netherlands
January 1 April 30 May 20  
March 29 May 1 December 25  
April 1 May 9 December 26  
    
New Zealand
January 1 February 6 June 3  
January 2 March 29 October 28  
January 21 April 1 December 25  
January 28 April 25 December 26  
Norway
January 1 May 1 December 24  
March 28 May 9 December 25  
March 29 May 17 December 26  
April 1 May 20 December 31  
    
Peru
January 1 July 29 December 24  
March 28 August 30 December 25  
March 29 October 8 December 31  
May 1 November 1    
    
The Philippines
January 1 April 8 August 8 December 24
February 25 May 1 August 9 December 25
March 28 May 13 August 21 December 30
March 29 June 12 November 1 December 31
    
Poland
January 1 May 3 November 11  
March 29 May 30 December 25  
April 1 August 15 December 26  
May 1 November 1    
    
Portugal
January 1 April 25 June 13 December 25
February 12 May 1 August 15 December 26
March 29 May 30 November 1  
April 1 June 10 December 24  
    
Russia
January 1 January 8 May 9  
January 2 January 9 May 10  
January 3 February 25 June 12  
January 4 March 8 November 4  
January 7 May 1    
    
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Singapore
January 1 May 24 November 2  
February 11 May 25 November 4  
February 12 August 8 December 25  
March 29 August 9    
May 1 October 15    
    
South Africa
January 1 May 1 December 16  
March 21 June 17 December 25  
March 29 August 9 December 26  
April 1 September 24    
    
South Korea
January 1 May 17 September 19  
February 11 June 6 September 20  
March 1 July 17 October 3  
April 5 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
    
Spain
January 1 March 29 May 15 December 25
January 7 April 1 August 15 December 26
March 19 May 1 November 1  
March 28 May 2 December 6  
    
Sweden
January 1 May 9 December 25  
March 29 June 6 December 26  
April 1 June 21 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
    
Switzerland
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 2 May 9 September 5 December 31
March 19 May 20 November 1  
March 29 May 30 December 24  
April 1 August 1 December 25  
    
Taiwan
January 1 February 12 April 4 October 10
February 7 February 13 May 1  
February 8 February 14 June 12  
February 11 February 28 September 19  
Thailand
January 1 April 16 July 1 December 5
February 25 May 1 July 23 December 10
April 8 May 6 August 12 December 31
April 15 May 27 October 23  
    
Turkey
January 1 August 9 October 16 October 29
April 23 August 30 October 17  
August 7 October 14 October 18  
August 8 October 15 October 28  
    
The United Kingdom
January 1 May 6 December 25  
March 29 May 27 December 26  
April 1 August 26    
2014
Australia
January 1 April 21 June 9 November 4
January 27 April 25 August 4 December 25
March 3 May 5 August 13 December 26
March 10 May 19 September 29  
April 18 June 2 October 6  
    
Austria
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 December 8 December 31
April 18 June 9 December 24  
April 21 June 19 December 25  
    
Belgium
January 1 May 29 August 15  
April 18 May 30 November 11  
April 21 June 9 December 25  
May 1 July 21 December 26  
    
Brazil
January 1 April 18 July 9 December 31
January 20 April 21 November 20  
March 3 May 1 December 24  
March 4 June 19 December 25  
    
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Canada
January 1 May 19 September 1 December 26
January 2 June 24 October 13  
February 17 July 1 November 11  
April 18 August 4 December 25  
    
Chile
January 1 June 16 December 8  
April 18 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
May 21 September 19    
    
China
January 1 February 6 May 7 October 6
January 20 February 7 May 26 October 7
January 30 February 17 July 4 October 13
January 31 May 1 September 1 November 11
February 3 May 2 October 1 November 27
February 4 May 5 October 2 December 25
February 5 May 6 October 3  
    
Colombia
January 1 May 1 August 18 December 25
January 6 June 2 October 13 December 31
March 24 June 23 November 3  
April 17 June 30 November 17  
April 18 August 7 December 8  
    
The Czech Republic
January 1 October 28 December 26  
April 21 November 17 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
May 8 December 25    
    
Denmark
January 1 May 16 December 24  
April 17 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 5 December 26  
April 21 June 9 December 31  
Egypt
January 1 April 21 July 28 October 6
January 7 May 1 July 29  
January 13 July 1 July 30  
April 20 July 23 October 5  
The Egyptian market is closed every Friday.
Finland
January 1 May 1 December 25  
January 6 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 20 December 31  
April 21 December 24    
    
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
April 18 May 29 December 25  
April 21 July 14 December 26  
May 1 August 15    
    
Germany
April 6 December 25    
April 9 December 26    
May 1      
    
Greece
January 1 April 18 August 15  
January 6 April 21 October 28  
March 3 May 1 December 25  
March 25 June 9 December 26  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 21 July 1 December 24
January30 May 1 September 9 December 25
January 31 May 6 October 1 December 26
April 18 June 2 October 2 December 31
    
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Hungary
January 1 June 9 December 24  
April 21 August 20 December 25  
May 1 October 23 December 26  
May 2 October 24    
    
India
January 14 April 18 August 15 October 6
February 27 May 1 August 18 October 23
March 17 May 14 August 23 November 4
March 31 June 30 August 29 November 6
April 1 July 1 September 30 December 25
April 8 July 29 October 2  
April 14 July 30 October 3  
    
Indonesia
January 1 May 15 July 30 December 24
January 13 May 26 July 31 December 25
January 31 May 29 August 1 December 26
March 31 July 28 August 18 December 31
April 18 July 29 October 6  
    
Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 27 December 29
March 17 May 5 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 4 December 26  
    
Israel
March 16 May 4 September 24 October 9
April 14 May 5 September 25 October 15
April 15 June 3 September 26 October 16
April 20 June 4 October 3  
April 21 August 5 October 8  
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
Italy
January 1 April 25 December 8 December 31
January 6 May 1 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 15 December 26  
Japan
January 1 February 11 July 21 November 3
January 2 March 21 September 15 November 24
January 3 April 29 September 23 December 23
January 13 May 5 October 13 December 31
    
Luxembourg
January 1 May 1 June 23 December 25
April 18 May 29 August 15 December 26
April 21 June 9 December 24  
    
Malaysia
January 1 February 3 June 7 October 6
January 14 May 1 July 28 October 22
January 30 May 13 July 29 October 23
January 31 May 15 July 30 October 25
February 1 May 30 September 1 December 25
    
Mexico
January 1 March 21 September 16 December 25
February 3 April 17 November 17  
February 5 April 18 November 20  
March 17 May 1 December 12  
    
Morocco
January 1 July 28 August 20 November 18
January 14 July 29 August 21  
January 15 July 30 October 6  
May 1 August 14 November 6  
    
The Netherlands
January 1 April 30 June 9  
April 18 May 1 December 25  
April 21 May 29 December 26  
    
New Zealand
January 1 February 6 June 2  
January 2 April 18 October 27  
January 20 April 21 December 25  
January 27 April 25 December 26  
    
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Norway
January 1 May 1 December 25  
April 17 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 9 December 31  
April 21 December 24    
    
Peru
January 1 July 28 December 24  
April 17 July 29 December 25  
April 18 October 8 December 31  
May 1 December 8    
    
The Philippines
January 1 April 18 July 29 December 30
February 25 May 1 August 21 December 31
April 7 June 12 December 24  
April 17 July 28 December 25  
    
Poland
January 1 May 1 November 11  
April 18 June 19 December 25  
April 21 August 15 December 26  
    
Portugal
January 1 April 25 June 19 December 24
March 4 May 1 August 15 December 25
April 18 June 10 December 1 December 26
April 21 June 13 December 8  
    
Russia
January 1 January 8 May 9  
January 2 February 24 June 12  
January 3 March 10 June 13  
January 6 May 1 November 3  
January 7 May 2 November 4  
    
Singapore
January 1 May 1 August 9 December 25
January 31 May 13 October 6  
February 1 May 15 October 22  
April 18 July 28 October 23  
South Africa
January 1 April 28 December 16  
March 21 May 1 December 25  
April 18 June 16 December 26  
April 21 September 24    
    
South Korea
January 1 March 1 August 15 October 3
January 30 May 5 September 7 December 24
January 31 May 6 September 8  
February 1 June 6 September 9  
    
Spain
January 1 April 21 July 25 December 25
January 6 May 1 August 15 December 26
April 17 May 2 September 9  
April 18 May 15 December 8  
    
Sweden
January 1 May 1 December 24  
January 6 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 6 December 26  
April 21 June 20 December 31  
    
Switzerland
January 1 April 21 August 1 December 25
January 2 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 September 11 December 31
March 19 June 9 December 8  
April 18 June 19 December 24  
    
Taiwan
January 1 January 31 May 1  
January 28 February 3 September 8  
January 29 February 4 October 10  
January 30 February 28    
    
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Thailand
January 1 April 15 July 1 December 5
February 14 May 1 July 14 December 10
April 7 May 5 August 12  
April 14 May 14 October 23  
    
Turkey
January 1 July 28 October 3 October 28
April 23 July 29 October 6 October 29
May 19 July 30 October 7  
The United Kingdom
January 1 May 5 December 25  
April 18 May 26 December 26  
April 21 August 25    
       
Redemptions.  The longest redemption cycle for a Fund is a function of the longest redemption cycle among the countries and regions whose stocks comprise the Funds. In the calendar years 2013 and 2014, the dates of regular holidays affecting the following securities markets present the worst-case redemption cycles* for a Fund as follows:
2013
Country/Region   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Austria   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
China   02/04/13   02/19/13   15
    02/05/13   02/20/13   15
    02/06/13   02/21/13   15
    04/26/13   05/08/13   12
    04/29/13   05/09/13   10
    04/30/13   05/10/13   10
    09/25/13   10/08/13   13
    09/26/13   10/09/13   13
    09/27/13   10/10/13   13
The Czech Republic   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Denmark   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Egypt   10/08/13   10/17/13   9
    10/09/13   10/18/13   9
    10/10/13   10/21/13   11
    10/29/13   11/06/13   8
    10/30/13   11/07/13   8
    10/31/13   11/08/13   8
Finland   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Germany   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
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2013
Country/Region   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Hungary   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
Indonesia   08/02/13   08/14/13   12
    08/05/13   08/15/13   10
    08/06/13   08/16/13   10
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   01/02/14   13
    12/23/13   01/03/14   11
Ireland   12/19/13   12/30/13   11
    12/20/13   12/31/13   11
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Italy   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Luxembourg   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
Malaysia   08/02/13   08/12/13   10
    08/05/13   08/13/13   8
    08/06/13   08/14/13   8
Norway   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
The Philippines   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Portugal   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
South Africa   03/14/13   03/22/13   8
    03/15/13   03/25/13   10
    03/18/13   03/26/13   8
    03/19/13   03/27/13   8
    03/20/13   03/28/13   8
    03/22/13   04/02/13   11
    03/25/13   04/03/13   8
    03/26/13   04/04/13   8
    03/27/13   04/05/13   8
    03/28/13   04/08/13   11
    04/24/13   05/02/13   8
    04/25/13   05/03/13   8
    04/26/13   05/06/13   10
    04/29/13   05/07/13   8
    04/30/13   05/08/13   8
    06/10/13   06/18/13   8
    06/11/13   06/19/13   8
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2013
Country/Region   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    06/12/13   06/20/13   8
    06/13/13   06/21/13   8
    06/14/13   06/24/13   10
    08/02/13   08/12/13   10
    08/05/13   08/13/13   8
    08/06/13   08/14/13   8
    08/07/13   08/15/13   8
    08/08/13   08/16/13   8
    09/17/13   09/25/13   8
    09/18/13   09/26/13   8
    09/19/13   09/27/13   8
    09/20/13   09/30/13   10
    09/23/13   10/01/13   8
    12/11/13   12/19/13   8
    12/12/13   12/20/13   8
    12/13/13   12/23/13   10
    12/18/13   12/27/13   9
    12/19/13   12/30/13   11
    12/20/13   12/31/13   11
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/24/13   01/03/14   10
Spain   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
Sweden   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Switzerland   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Taiwan   02/05/13   02/15/13   10
    02/06/13   02/18/13   12
Turkey   10/10/13   10/21/13   11
    10/11/13   10/22/13   11
    
2014
Country/Region   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Austria   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
China   01/27/14   02/10/14   14
    01/28/14   02/11/14   14
    01/29/14   02/12/14   14
    04/28/14   05/08/14   10
    04/29/14   05/09/14   10
    04/30/14   05/12/14   12
    09/26/14   10/08/14   12
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2014
Country/Region   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    09/29/14   10/09/14   10
The Czech Republic   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Denmark   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    04/14/14   04/23/14   8
    04/15/14   04/24/14   8
    04/16/14   04/25/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Egypt   12/31/13   01/08/14   8
    01/06/14   01/14/14   8
    04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    04/17/14   04/27/14   10
    07/21/14   07/31/14   10
    07/22/14   08/03/14   12
    07/24/14   08/04/14   11
    09/29/14   10/07/14   8
    09/30/14   10/08/14   8
    10/01/14   10/09/14   8
    10/02/14   10/12/14   10
Finland   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Hungary   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
Indonesia   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    07/23/14   08/04/14   12
    07/24/14   08/05/14   12
    07/25/14   08/06/14   12
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   11
Ireland   12/23/14   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Italy   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Luxembourg   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
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2014
Country/Region   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Malaysia   01/27/14   02/04/14   8
    01/28/14   02/05/14   8
    01/29/14   02/06/14   8
    07/23/14   07/31/14   8
    07/24/14   08/01/14   8
    07/25/14   08/04/14   10
Norway   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
The Philippines   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/26/13   01/03/14   8
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
    12/26/14   01/05/15   10
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
Portugal   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
South Africa   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/24/13   01/03/14   10
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/30/13   01/07/14   8
    12/31/13   01/08/14   8
    03/14/14   03/24/14   10
    03/17/14   03/25/14   8
    03/18/14   03/26/14   8
    03/19/14   03/27/14   8
    03/20/14   03/28/14   8
    04/11/14   04/22/14   9
    04/14/14   04/23/14   9
    04/15/14   04/24/14   9
    04/16/14   04/25/14   9
    04/17/14   04/29/14   12
    04/22/14   04/30/14   8
    04/23/14   05/02/14   9
    04/24/14   05/05/14   11
    04/25/14   05/06/14   11
    04/29/14   05/07/14   8
    04/30/14   05/08/14   8
    06/09/14   06/17/14   8
    06/10/14   06/18/14   8
    06/11/14   06/19/14   8
    06/12/14   06/20/14   8
    06/13/14   06/23/14   10
    09/17/14   09/25/14   8
    09/18/14   09/26/14   8
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2014
Country/Region   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    09/19/14   09/29/14   10
    09/22/14   09/30/14   8
    09/23/14   10/01/14   8
    12/09/14   12/17/14   8
    12/10/14   12/18/14   8
    12/11/14   12/19/14   8
    12/12/14   12/22/14   10
    12/15/14   12/23/14   8
    12/18/14   12/29/14   11
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
    12/14/14   01/05/15   12
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
    12/30/14   01/07/15   8
    12/31/14   01/08/15   8
Spain   04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
Sweden   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Switzerland   12/23/13   01/03/14   11
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/30/13   01/07/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/05/14   13
    12/29/14   01/06/14   8
    12/30/14   01/07/14   8
Taiwan   01/24/14   02/05/14   12
    01/27/14   02/06/14   10

* These worst-case redemption cycles are based on information regarding regular holidays, which may be out of date. Based on changes in holidays, longer (worse) redemption cycles are possible.
Taxes
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of a Fund. This summary does not address all of the potential U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to a Fund or to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special tax rules. Current and prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of investing in a Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications.  Each Fund intends to continue to qualify for treatment as a separate RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, each Fund must annually distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes dividends, interest and net short-term capital gains) (and 90% of net tax-exempt income for each of the iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF and iShares MSCI USA
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Minimum Volatility ETF), and meet several other requirements. Among such other requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of each Fund’s annual gross income must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or non-U.S. currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income); and (ii) at the close of each quarter of each Fund's taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of each Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited for purposes of this calculation in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of each Fund's total assets may be invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, of two or more issuers of which 20% or more of the voting stock is held by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly-traded partnerships.
A Fund may be able to cure a failure to derive 90% of its income from the sources specified above or a failure to diversify its holdings in the manner described above by paying a tax and/or by disposing of certain assets. If, in any taxable year, a Fund fails one of these tests and does not timely cure the failure, that Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by that Fund in computing its taxable income.
Although, in general, the passive loss rules of the Internal Revenue Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships. A Fund's investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly-traded partnerships, may result in the Fund being subject to state, local, or non-U.S. income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
Taxation of RICs.  As a RIC, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, a Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., income other than its net realized long-term capital gain over its net realized short-term capital loss), plus or minus certain adjustments, and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. A Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders. If a Fund fails to qualify for any taxable year as a RIC or fails to meet the distribution requirement, all of its taxable income will be subject to tax at regular corporate income tax rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. In such event, distributions to individuals should be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income and distributions to corporate shareholders generally should be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Although each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and its capital gains for each taxable year, each Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a RIC. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the Fund had been liquidated) if it qualifies as a RIC in a subsequent year.
Excise Tax. A Fund will be subject to a 4% excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the 12 months ended October 31 of such year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by a Fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. Each Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of this 4% excise tax.
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Net Capital Loss Carryforwards.  Net capital loss carryforwards may be applied against any net realized capital gains in each succeeding year, until they have been reduced to zero or until their respective expiration dates, whichever occurs first. Capital loss carryforwards from taxable years beginning after 2010 are not subject to expiration, and short-term and long-term capital loss carryforwards from such taxable years may only be applied against net realized short-term and long-term capital gains, respectively.
In the event that a Fund were to experience an ownership change as defined under the Internal Revenue Code, the Fund’s loss carryforwards and other favorable tax attributes of a Fund, if any, may be subject to limitation.
The following Funds had tax basis net capital loss carryforwards as of July 31, 2013, the tax year-end for the Funds listed:
Fund   Non-Expiring 1   Expiring
2014
  Expiring
2015
  Expiring
2016
  Expiring
2017
  Expiring
2018
  Expiring
2019
  Total
iShares China Large-Cap ETF   $ 558,956,226   $ 3,332,711     $ 451,243   $ 58,367,595   $ 185,123,529   $ 160,211,209   $ 966,442,513
iShares FTSE China ETF   503,124         50,180   361,254   510,679   1,425,237
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   1,128,420,093         587,985,426   1,597,347,728   896,354,758   4,210,108,005
iShares MSCI EAFE Growth ETF   93,181,454       2,756,980   19,510,202   255,395,852   90,854,597   461,699,085
iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF   612,772               612,772
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   19,910,851           7,305,376     27,216,227
iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   30,944,578       3,201,806   26,442,709   117,568,907   84,394,874   262,552,874
iShares MSCI Europe Financials ETF   291,889             6,313   298,202
iShares MSCI Far East Financials ETF   45,759             10,007   55,766
iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF   281,905               281,905
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF   1,047,025               1,047,025
iShares MSCI USA Size Factor ETF   39,176               39,176
iShares MSCI USA Value Factor ETF   29,236               29,236
iShares North American Natural Resources ETF   17,724,957   1,870,831   $ 785,924   2,497,939   17,704,391   84,798,764   13,660,242   139,043,048
iShares North American Tech ETF   212,873   184,019   1,580,603   850,629   5,220,553   10,528,527   6,671,782   25,248,986
iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   5,551,361   4,629,661   8,142,402   20,065,788   1,494,613   14,891,975   14,653,934   69,429,734
iShares North American Tech-Software ETF       592,932   289,827   6,215,064   27,274,356   441,006   34,813,185
iShares NYSE 100 ETF   673,821   208,513   123,690   775,077   4,111,123   14,666,625   1,103,778   21,662,627
iShares NYSE Composite ETF   3,108,316     8,687   506,184   1,332,864   6,691,026   2,072,488   13,719,565
iShares PHLX Semiconductor ETF     1,587,960   5,309,649   17,237,123   6,663,495   4,103,013   12,256,265   47,157,505

1 Must be utilized prior to losses subject to expiration.
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Taxation of U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends and other distributions by a Fund are generally treated under the Internal Revenue Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or distribution declared by a Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month shall be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year and to have been paid by the Fund not later than such December 31, provided such dividend is actually paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year.
Each Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if a Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.
Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that a Fund reports as capital gains dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. All other dividends of a Fund (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current and accumulated earnings and profits (“regular dividends”) are generally subject to tax as ordinary income, subject to the discussion of qualified dividend income below. Married couples filing jointly with income over $450,000 and unmarried individuals with income over $400,000 are subject to a 20% tax on any income in excess of those amounts that is long-term capital gain or qualified dividend income, and generally all other long-term capital gain is taxed at 15% (0% at certain income levels). In addition, the top marginal ordinary income tax rate is 39.6% for income in excess of the above thresholds, which are adjusted annually for inflation.
If an individual receives a regular dividend qualifying for the long-term capital gains rates and such dividend constitutes an “extraordinary dividend,” and the individual subsequently recognizes a loss on the sale or exchange of stock in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term capital loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An “extraordinary dividend” on common stock for this purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 10% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period, or (ii) in an amount greater than 20% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.
Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds shares of the Fund as capital assets). Distributions in excess of a Fund’s minimum distribution requirements, but not in excess of a Fund’s earnings and profits, will be taxable to shareholders and will not constitute nontaxable returns of capital. Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount. Dividends paid by a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by a Fund from domestic corporations may qualify for the federal dividends received deduction for corporations.
A 3.8% U.S. federal Medicare contribution tax is imposed on net investment income, including, but not limited to, interest, dividends, and net gain from investments, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married and filing jointly) and of estates and trusts.
Investors considering buying shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them. If a Fund is the holder of record of any security on the record date for any dividends
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payable with respect to such security, such dividends will be included in the Fund’s gross income not as of the date received but as of the later of (a) the date such security became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends (i.e., the date on which a buyer of the security would not be entitled to receive the declared, but unpaid, dividends); or (b) the date the Fund acquired such security. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, a Fund may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.
In certain situations, a Fund may, for a taxable year, defer all or a portion of its net capital loss realized after October and its late-year ordinary loss (defined as the excess of a Fund’s post-October foreign currency and “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) losses and other post-December ordinary losses over post-October foreign currency and PFIC gains and other post-December ordinary income) until the next taxable year in computing its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, which will defer the recognition of such realized losses. Such deferrals and other rules regarding gains and losses realized after October (or December) may affect the tax character of shareholder distributions.
Sales of Shares.  Upon the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund. A redemption of shares by a Fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the Funds, by, or by an option on, substantially identical shares within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder with respect to such share. The Medicare contribution tax described above will apply to the sale of Fund shares.
If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of a Fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then, on or before January 31 of the following calendar year, acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain/loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis of the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents shareholders from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting their investments within a family of mutual funds.
Back-Up Withholding.  In certain cases, a Fund will be required to withhold at a 28% rate and remit to the U.S. Treasury such amounts withheld from any distributions paid to a shareholder who: (i) has failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number; (ii) is subject to back-up withholding by the IRS; (iii) has failed to certify to a Fund that such shareholder is not subject to back-up withholding; or (iv) has not certified that such shareholder is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). Back-up withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability.
Sections 351 and 362.  The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, has the right to reject an order for a purchase of shares of the Fund if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of a given Fund and if, pursuant to Sections 351 and 362 of the Internal Revenue Code, that Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. If a Fund’s basis in such securities on the date of deposit was less than market value on such date, the Fund, upon disposition of the securities, would recognize more taxable gain or less taxable loss than if its basis in the securities had been equal to market value. It is not anticipated that the Trust will exercise the right of rejection except in a case where the Trust determines that accepting the order could result in material adverse tax consequences to a Fund or its shareholders. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.
Taxation of Certain Derivatives. A Fund’s transactions in zero coupon securities, non-U.S. currencies, forward contracts, options and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on non-U.S. currencies), to the extent permitted, will be subject to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect
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whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require a Fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year) and (b) may cause a Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. Each Fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any zero coupon security, non-U.S. currency, forward contract, option, futures contract or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC.
A Fund’s investments in so-called “Section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most non-U.S. currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most security indexes, are subject to special tax rules. All Section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the Fund from positions in Section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the Fund.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, a Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. A Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, a Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.
Qualified Dividend Income.  Distributions by a Fund of investment company taxable income (including any short-term capital gains), whether received in cash or shares, will be taxable either as ordinary income or as qualified dividend income, which is eligible to be taxed at long-term capital gain rates to the extent a Fund receives qualified dividend income on the securities it holds and a Fund reports the distribution as qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable U.S. corporations (but generally not from U.S. REITs) and certain non-U.S. corporations (e.g., non-U.S. corporations that are not “passive foreign investment companies” and which are incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or the stock of which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States (where the dividends are paid with respect to such stock)). Under current IRS guidance, the United States has appropriate comprehensive income tax treaties with the following countries: Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China (but not with Hong Kong, which is treated as a separate jurisdiction for U.S. tax purposes), Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela. Substitute payments received by a Fund for securities lent out by a Fund will not be qualified dividend income.
A dividend from a Fund will not be treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that (i) the shareholder has not held the shares on which the dividend was paid for 61 days during the 121-day period that begins on the date that is 60 days before the date on which the shares become ex-dividend with respect to such dividend or a Fund fails to satisfy those holding period requirements with respect to the securities it holds that paid the dividends distributed to the shareholder (or, in the case of certain preferred stocks, the holding requirement of 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend); (ii) a Fund or the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property; or (iii) the shareholder elects to treat such dividend as investment income under Section 163(d)(4)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code. Dividends received by a Fund from a REIT or another RIC may be treated as qualified dividend income only to the extent the dividend distributions are attributable to qualified dividend income received by such REIT or other RIC. It is expected that dividends received by a Fund from a REIT and distributed to a
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shareholder generally will be taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income. Distributions by a Fund of its net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income.
If your Fund shares are loaned pursuant to securities lending arrangements, you may lose the ability to use any non-U.S. tax credits passed through by a Fund or to treat Fund dividends (paid while the shares are held by the borrower) as qualified dividends. Regarding a short sale with respect to shares of a Fund, substitute payments made to the lender of such shares may not be deductible under certain circumstances. Consult your financial intermediary or tax adviser.
Corporate Dividends Received Deduction. Dividends paid by a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations may qualify for the U.S. federal dividends received deduction for corporations. A 46-day minimum holding period during the 90-day period that begins 45 days prior to ex-dividend date (or 91-day minimum holding period during the 180 period beginning 90 days prior to ex-dividend date for certain preference dividends) during which risk of loss may not be diminished is required for the applicable shares, at both the Fund and shareholder level, for a dividend to be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Restrictions may apply if indebtedness, including a short sale, is attributable to the investment.
Excess Inclusion Income.  Under current law, the Funds serve to block unrelated business taxable income from being realized by their tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize unrelated business taxable income by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. Certain types of income received by a Fund from REITs, real estate mortgage investment conduits, taxable mortgage pools or other investments may cause the Fund to report some or all of its distributions as “excess inclusion income.” To Fund shareholders, such excess inclusion income may (i) constitute taxable income, as unrelated business taxable income for those shareholders who would otherwise be tax-exempt such as individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, Keogh plans, pension plans and certain charitable entities; (ii) not be offset by otherwise allowable deductions for tax purposes; (iii) not be eligible for reduced U.S. withholding for non-U.S. shareholders even from tax treaty countries; and (iv) cause the Fund to be subject to tax if certain “disqualified organizations,” as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, are Fund shareholders. If a charitable remainder annuity trust or a charitable remainder unitrust (each as defined in Section 664 of the Internal Revenue Code) has unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) for a taxable year, a 100% excise tax on the UBTI is imposed on the trust.
Non-U.S. Investments.  Under Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time a Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a non-U.S. currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. In general, gains (and losses) realized on debt instruments will be treated as Section 988 gain (or loss) to the extent attributable to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which the instruments are denominated. Similarly, gains or losses on non-U.S. currency, non-U.S. currency forward contracts and certain non-U.S. currency options or futures contracts denominated in non-U.S. currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss unless the Fund were to elect otherwise.
Each Fund may be subject to non-U.S. income taxes withheld at the source. Each Fund, if permitted to do so, may elect to “pass through” to its investors the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid by the Fund provided that the Fund held the security on the dividend settlement date and for at least 15 additional days immediately before and/or thereafter, with the result that each investor with respect to shares of the Fund held for a minimum 16-day holding period at the time of deemed distribution will (i) include in gross income, even though not actually received, the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes, and (ii) either deduct (in calculating U.S. taxable income, but only for investors who itemize their deductions on their personal tax returns) or credit (in calculating U.S. federal income tax) the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes. A non-U.S. person invested in a Fund in a year that the Fund elects to “pass through” its non-U.S. taxes may be treated as receiving additional dividend income subject to U.S. withholding tax. A non-U.S. tax credit may not exceed the investor’s U.S. federal income tax otherwise payable with respect to the investor’s non-U.S. source income. For this purpose, shareholders must treat as non-U.S. source gross income (i) their proportionate shares of non-U.S. taxes paid by the Fund and (ii) the portion of any dividend paid by the Fund that represents income derived from non-U.S. sources; the Fund’s gain from the sale of securities will generally be treated as U.S.-source income. Certain limitations will be imposed to the extent to which the non-U.S. tax credit may be claimed.
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Passive Foreign Investment Companies.  If a Fund purchases shares in PFICs, it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.
If a Fund were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Internal Revenue Code, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund might be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund, and such amounts would be subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. In order to make this election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain.
Alternatively, a Fund may make a mark-to-market election that would result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased its PFIC stock at the end of each year. In such case, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct any such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. The election must be made separately for each PFIC owned by the Fund and, once made, would be effective for all subsequent taxable years, unless revoked with the consent of the IRS. By making the election, the Fund could potentially ameliorate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax.
A Fund will make the appropriate tax elections, if possible, and take any additional steps that are necessary to mitigate the effects of these rules.
Reporting.  If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Taxes.  Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and non-U.S. taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends paid by a Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term capital gains. Dividends paid by a Fund from net tax-exempt income or long-term capital gains are generally not subject to such withholding tax. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to back-up withholding at the appropriate rate.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, properly-reported dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, the Fund’s U.S. source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income) or (ii) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable year). However, depending on its circumstances, the Fund may report all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares held
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through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, distributions that the Fund reports as “short-term capital gain dividends” or “long-term capital gain dividends” will not be treated as such to a recipient foreign shareholder if the distribution is attributable to gain received from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property or an interest in a U.S. real property holding corporation and the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property exceeded certain levels. Instead, if the foreign shareholder has not owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of distribution, such distributions will be subject to 30% withholding by the Fund and will be treated as ordinary dividends to the foreign shareholder; if the foreign shareholder owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of the distribution, such distribution will be treated as real property gain subject to 35% withholding tax and could subject the foreign shareholder to U.S. filing requirements. Additionally, if the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, a foreign shareholder realizing gains upon redemption from the Fund on or before December 31, 2013 could be subject to the 35% withholding tax and U.S. filing requirements unless more than 50% of the Fund’s shares were owned by U.S. persons at such time or unless the foreign person had not held more than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding shares throughout either such person’s holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years.
The rules laid out in the previous paragraph, other than the withholding rules, will apply notwithstanding the Fund’s participation in a wash sale transaction or its payment of a substitute dividend.
Provided that 50% or more of the value of the Fund’s stock is held by U.S. shareholders, distributions of U.S. real property interests (including securities in a U.S. real property holding corporation, unless such corporation is regularly traded on an established securities market and the Fund has held 5% or less of the outstanding shares of the corporation during the five-year period ending on the date of distribution) occurring on or before December 31, 2013, in redemption of a foreign shareholder’s shares of the Fund will cause the Fund to recognize gain. If the Fund is required to recognize gain, the amount of gain recognized will equal to the fair market value of such interests over the Fund’s adjusted bases to the extent of the greatest foreign ownership percentage of the Fund during the five-year period ending on the date of redemption.
A 30% withholding tax will be imposed on U.S.-source dividends, interest and other income items paid after June 30, 2014, and proceeds from the sale of property producing U.S.-source dividends and interest paid after December 31, 2016, to (i) foreign financial institutions, including non-U.S. investment funds, unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders; and (ii) certain other foreign entities, unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information, including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders; comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts; report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained; agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information; and determine certain other information as to their account holders, or (ii) in the event of an intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other foreign entities will need to provide the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership, unless certain exceptions apply, or agree to provide certain information to other revenue authorities for transmittal to the IRS.
Shares of a Fund held by a non-U.S. shareholder at death will be considered situated within the United States and subject to the U.S. estate tax.
The foregoing discussion is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations only and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of shares should consult their own tax advisers as to the tax consequences of investing in such shares, including consequences under state, local and non-U.S. tax laws. Finally, the foregoing discussion is based on applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, judicial authority and administrative interpretations in effect on the date of this SAI. Changes in applicable authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed above, and such changes often occur.
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Financial Statements
Each Fund's audited Financial Statements, including the Financial Highlights, appearing in the Annual Report to Shareholders and the report therein of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, are hereby incorporated by reference in this SAI. The applicable Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the referenced audited financial statements, is available upon request and without charge.
Miscellaneous Information
Counsel. Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, located at 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019, is counsel to the Trust.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111, serves as the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, audits the Funds' financial statements, and may perform other services.
Shareholder Communications to the Board.  The Board has established a process for shareholders to communicate with the Board. Shareholders may contact the Board by mail. Correspondence should be addressed to iShares Board of Trustees, c/o BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. – Mutual Fund Administration, 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. Shareholder communications to the Board should include the following information: (i) the name and address of the shareholder; (ii) the number of shares owned by the shareholder; (iii) the Fund(s) of which the shareholder owns shares; and (iv) if these shares are owned indirectly through a broker, financial intermediary or other record owner, the name of the broker, financial intermediary or other record owner. All correspondence received as set forth above shall be reviewed by the Secretary of the Trust and reported to the Board.
Regulation Under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive.  The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”) imposes detailed and prescriptive obligations on fund managers established in the EU (“EU Operative Provisions”). These do not currently apply to managers established outside of the EU, such as BFA. Rather, non-EU managers are only required to comply with certain disclosure, reporting and transparency obligations of AIFMD (“AIFMD Disclosure Provisions”) if such managers market a fund to EU investors.
 Where the AIFMD Disclosure Provisions relate to EU Operative Provisions that do not apply to BFA, no meaningful disclosure can be made. These EU Operative Provisions include prescriptive rules on: measuring and capping leverage in line with known European standards; the treatment of investors; the use of 'depositaries'; and coverage for professional liability risks.
 AIFMD imposes certain conditions on the marketing of funds, such as the Funds, to EU investors. AIFMD requires that an ‘alternative investment fund manager’ (“AIFM”) be identified to meet such conditions where such marketing is sought. For these purposes BFA, as the legal entity responsible for performing the portfolio and risk management of the Funds, shall be the AIFM.
 AIFMD requires disclosure on an ongoing basis of certain information relating to the use of special arrangements, leverage, rights of reuse of collateral, guarantees granted under leverage arrangements and the use of gates, side pockets and similar liquidity management tools. Given that the Funds do not use any special arrangements or allow for collateral reuse, it is not intended that such disclosures will need to be made by the Funds. Each Fund will, however, to the extent relevant and appropriate, disclose in its annual report information on the Fund's leverage, risk profile and risk management systems employed by BFA. Each Fund will also disclose material changes, if any, to the liquidity management systems and procedures employed in respect of the Fund.
 BFA intends to market the following Funds to EU investors in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, and Luxembourg:
 iShares China Large-Cap ETF
iShares MSCI EAFE ETF
iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF
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Investors’ Rights.  Each Fund relies on the services of its investment adviser and other service providers, including the distributor, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. Further information about the duties and roles of these service providers is set out in this SAI. Investors who acquire shares of a Fund are not parties to the relevant agreement with these service providers and do not have express contractual rights against the Fund or its service providers, except certain institutional investors that are Authorized Participants may have certain express contractual rights with respect to the Distributor under the terms of the relevant authorized participant agreement. Investors may have certain legal rights under federal or state law against a Fund or its service providers. In the event that an investor considers that it may have a claim against a Fund, or against any service provider in connection with its investment in the Fund, such investor should consult its own legal advisor.
By contract, Authorized Participants irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or U.S. federal court sitting in New York City over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the authorized participant agreement. Jurisdiction over other claims, whether by investors or Authorized Participants, will turn on the facts of the particular case and the law of the jurisdiction in which the proceeding is brought.
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IS-SAI-07-0614


Table of Contents
iShares® Trust
Statement of Additional Information
Dated December 1, 2013
(as revised June 17, 2014)
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the current prospectuses (each, a “Prospectus” and collectively, the “Prospectuses”) for the following funds of iShares Trust (the “Trust”):
Funds   Ticker   Stock Exchange
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   IEFA   NYSE Arca
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   IXUS   NYSE Arca
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF   IFSM   NASDAQ
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF   ACWI   NASDAQ
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   ACWX   NASDAQ
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   AAXJ   NASDAQ
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF   AXJS   NASDAQ
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF   AAIT   NASDAQ
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF   EMFN   NASDAQ
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF   EMMT   NASDAQ
The Prospectuses for the above-listed funds (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) are dated December 1, 2013, as amended and supplemented from time to time. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the applicable Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. The Financial Statements and Notes contained in the applicable Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report of the Trust for the Funds are incorporated by reference into and are deemed to be part of this SAI. A copy of each Prospectus, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report for each Fund may be obtained without charge by writing to the Trust's distributor, BlackRock Investments, LLC (the “Distributor” or “BRIL”), 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310, calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or visiting www.iShares.com. Each Fund's Prospectus is incorporated by reference into this SAI.
iShares® is a registered trademark of BlackRock, Inc. or its affiliates.


Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
General Description of the Trust and its Funds 1
Exchange Listing and Trading 2
Investment Strategies and Risks 2
Borrowing 3
Currency Transactions 3
Diversification Status 4
Futures and Options 4
Illiquid Securities 5
Lending Portfolio Securities 5
Non-U.S. Securities 6
Options on Futures Contracts 7
Regulation Regarding Derivatives 7
Repurchase Agreements 7
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 8
Securities of Investment Companies 8
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments 8
Swap Agreements 9
Tracking Stocks 9
Future Developments 9
General Considerations and Risks 9
Borrowing Risk 9
Commodities Investment Risk 9
Custody Risk 10
Cyber Security Issues 10
Dividend Risk 11
Operational Risk 11
Risk of Derivatives 11
Risk of Equity Securities 11
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions 11
Risk of Investing in Mid-Capitalization Companies 12
Risk of Investing in Small-Capitalization Companies 12
Risk of Swap Agreements 12
Risk of Investing in Africa 12
Risk of Investing in Asia 14
Risk of Investing in Australasia 15
Risk of Investing in Central and South America 15
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  Page
Risk of Investing in Eastern Europe 15
Risk of Investing in Europe 15
Risk of Investing in North America 16
Risk of Investing in China 16
Risk of Investing in Hong Kong 17
Risk of Investing in India 17
Risk of Investing in Japan 17
Risk of Investing in South Korea 18
Risk of Investing in Taiwan 18
Risk of Investing in the United Kingdom 18
Risk of Investing in the United States 19
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets 19
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector 22
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector 23
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector 23
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector 23
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector 23
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector 24
Treaty/Tax Risk 24
Proxy Voting Policy 26
Portfolio Holdings Information 27
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes 28
The FTSE Global Equity Index Series 29
FTSE Developed Small Cap ex-North America Index 29
The MSCI Indexes 29
MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI 31
MSCI ACWI ex USA Index 31
MSCI ACWI 32
MSCI AC Asia ex Japan Index 32
MSCI AC Asia ex Japan Small Cap Index 32
MSCI AC Asia Information Technology Index 32
MSCI EAFE IMI 32
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  Page
MSCI Emerging Markets Financials Index 32
MSCI Emerging Markets Materials Index 33
Investment Limitations 33
Continuous Offering 35
Management 35
Trustees and Officers 35
Committees of the Board of Trustees 42
Remuneration of Trustees 46
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities 48
Potential Conflicts of Interest 52
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services 59
Investment Adviser 59
Portfolio Managers 61
Codes of Ethics 66
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements 66
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent 66
Subsidiary Administrator 67
Distributor 67
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates 68
Determination of Net Asset Value 69
Brokerage Transactions 71
Additional Information Concerning the Trust 76
Shares 76
Termination of the Trust or a Fund 77
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds 77
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units 78
General 78
Fund Deposit 78
Cash Purchase Method 79
Role of the Authorized Participant 79
Purchase Orders 79
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders 80
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units 80
Issuance of a Creation Unit 81
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions 81
Redemption of Creation Units 82
Cash Redemption Method 82
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  Page
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions 83
Placement of Redemption Orders 83
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units 85
Regular Holidays 85
Redemptions 93
Taxes 98
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications 98
Taxation of RICs 99
Excise Tax 99
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards 99
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders 100
Sales of Shares 101
Back-Up Withholding 101
Sections 351 and 362 102
Taxation of Certain Derivatives 102
Qualified Dividend Income 102
Corporate Dividends Received Deduction 103
Issues Related to India and Mauritius Taxes 103
Excess Inclusion Income 106
Non-U.S. Investments 107
Passive Foreign Investment Companies 107
Reporting 108
Other Taxes 108
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders 108
Financial Statements 109
Miscellaneous Information 109
Counsel 109
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 109
Shareholder Communications to the Board 110
Regulation Under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive 110
Investors’ Rights 110
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General Description of the Trust and its Funds
The Trust currently consists of more than 235 investment series or portfolios. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on December 16, 1999 and is authorized to have multiple series or portfolios. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act” or the “1940 Act”). The offering of the Trust’s shares is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). This SAI relates to the following Funds:
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF1
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF2
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF3
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF4
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF5
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF6
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF7
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF8

1 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares FTSE Developed Small Cap ex-North America Index Fund to the iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF.
2 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI ACWI Index Fund to the iShares MSCI ACWI ETF.
3 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI ACWI ex US Index Fund to the iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF.
4 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Index Fund to the iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF.
5 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small Cap Index Fund to the iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF.
6 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology Index Fund to the iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF.
7 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials Sector Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF.
8 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials Sector Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF.
Each Fund is managed by BlackRock Fund Advisors (“BFA”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc., and generally seeks to track the investment results of the specific benchmark index identified in the applicable Prospectus for that Fund (each, an “Underlying Index”).
Each Fund offers and issues shares at their net asset value per share (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of shares (“Creation Unit”), generally in exchange for a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) included in its Underlying Index (the “Deposit Securities”), together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (the “Cash Component”). The shares described in the applicable Prospectus and in this SAI are listed for trading on national securities exchanges (a “Listing Exchange”) such as The NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) or NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca”). Shares of each Fund are traded in the secondary market and elsewhere at market prices that may be at, above or below the Fund's NAV. Shares are redeemable only in Creation Units, and, generally, in exchange for portfolio securities and a Cash Component. Creation Units typically are a specified number of shares, generally ranging from 50,000 to 200,000 or multiples thereof.
The Trust reserves the right to permit or require that creations and redemptions of shares are effected fully or partially in cash. Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities, subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain with the Trust a cash deposit, equal to at least 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change from
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time to time, of the market value of the omitted Deposit Securities. See the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Transaction fees and other costs associated with creations or redemptions that include a cash portion may be higher than the transaction fees and other costs associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. In all cases, conditions and fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of SEC rules and regulations applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.
Exchange Listing and Trading
A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in each Fund is contained in the Shareholder Information section of each Fund's Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, that section of the applicable Prospectus.
Shares of each Fund are listed for trading, and trade throughout the day, on the Listing Exchange and other secondary markets. Shares of each Fund may also be listed on certain non-U.S. exchanges. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Listing Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of shares of any Fund will continue to be met. The Listing Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the shares of a Fund from listing if (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of Fund shares, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of shares of the Fund for 30 or more consecutive trading days, (ii) the value of the Underlying Index on which the Fund is based is no longer calculated or available, (iii) the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available, or (iv) any other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Listing Exchange, makes further dealings on the Listing Exchange inadvisable. The Listing Exchange will also remove shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.
As in the case of other publicly-traded securities, when you buy or sell shares through a broker, you will incur a brokerage commission determined by that broker.
In order to provide additional information regarding the indicative value of shares of the Funds, the Listing Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, or through other widely disseminated means, an updated IOPV for the Funds as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Trust is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IOPVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IOPVs.
An IOPV has an equity securities component and a cash component. The equity securities values included in an IOPV are the values of the Deposit Securities for a Fund. While the IOPV reflects the current value of the Deposit Securities required to be deposited in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, it does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time because the current portfolio of the Fund may include securities that are not a part of the current Deposit Securities. Therefore, a Fund’s IOPV disseminated during the Listing Exchange trading hours should not be viewed as a real-time update of the Fund’s NAV, which is calculated only once a day.
The cash component included in an IOPV consists of estimated accrued interest, dividends and other income, less expenses. If applicable, each IOPV also reflects changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the applicable currency.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the share prices of the Funds in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Funds or an investor's equity interest in the Funds.
Investment Strategies and Risks
Each of the iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF, iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF, iShares MSCI ACWI ETF, iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF, iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF and iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in securities that comprise its relevant Underlying Index and through transactions that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index.
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Each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF seeks to achieve its objective by investing all its assets that are invested in Indian securities in a wholly owned subsidiary located in the Republic of Mauritius (each, a “Subsidiary” and collectively, the “Subsidiaries”). The remaining assets will be invested directly by each Fund. Each Subsidiary and Fund will collectively invest at least 80% (for the iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF) or 90% (for the iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF) of each Fund’s total assets in securities that comprise the Underlying Index and in depositary receipts representing securities of the Underlying Index. BFA serves as investment adviser to both the Funds and the Subsidiaries. Unless otherwise indicated, references made in this SAI to the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF refer also to the Subsidiaries.
Each Fund operates as an index fund and will not be actively managed. Adverse performance of a security in a Fund’s portfolio will ordinarily not result in the elimination of the security from the Fund’s portfolio.
Each Fund engages in representative sampling, which is investing in a sample of securities selected by BFA to have a collective investment profile similar to that of the Fund's Underlying Index. Securities selected have aggregate investment characteristics (based on market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability, earnings valuation and yield) and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. A fund that uses representative sampling generally does not hold all of the securities that are in its underlying index.
Although the Funds do not seek leveraged returns, certain instruments used by the Funds may have a leveraging effect as described below.
Borrowing.  Each Fund may borrow as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemptions or to facilitate the settlement of securities or other transactions. Under normal market conditions, any borrowing by a Fund (except for the iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF) will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s net assets; however, each Fund (except for the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF) generally does not intend to borrow money.
The purchase of securities while borrowings are outstanding may have the effect of leveraging a Fund. The incurrence of leverage increases a Fund’s exposure to risk, and borrowed funds are subject to interest costs that will reduce net income. Purchasing securities while borrowings are outstanding creates special risks, such as the potential for greater volatility in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the yield on a Fund’s portfolio. In addition, the interest expenses from borrowings may exceed the income generated by a Fund’s portfolio and, therefore, the amount available (if any) for distribution to shareholders as dividends may be reduced. BFA may determine to maintain outstanding borrowings if it expects that the benefits to a Fund’s shareholders will outweigh the current reduced return.
Certain types of borrowings by a Fund may result in a Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverage, portfolio composition requirements and other matters. It is not anticipated that observance of such covenants would impede BFA from managing a Fund’s portfolio in accordance with a Fund’s investment objectives and policies. However, a breach of any such covenants not cured within the specified cure period may result in acceleration of outstanding indebtedness and require a Fund to dispose of portfolio investments at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Currency Transactions. The Funds do not expect to engage in currency transactions for the purpose of hedging against declines in the value of the Funds' assets that are denominated in a non-U.S. currency. A Fund may enter into non-U.S. currency forward and non-U.S. currency futures contracts to facilitate local securities settlements or to protect against currency exposure in connection with its distributions to shareholders, but may not enter into such contracts for speculative purposes.
A forward currency contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract.
A currency futures contract is a contract involving an obligation to deliver or acquire the specified amount of a specific currency, at a specified price and at a specified future time. Currency futures contracts may be settled on a net cash payment basis rather than by the sale and delivery of the underlying currency. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
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Foreign exchange transactions involve a significant degree of risk and the markets in which foreign exchange transactions are effected are highly volatile, highly specialized and highly technical. Significant changes, including changes in liquidity and prices, can occur in such markets within very short periods of time, often within minutes. Foreign exchange trading risks include, but are not limited to, exchange rate risk, counterparty risk, maturity gap, interest rate risk, and potential interference by foreign governments through regulation of local exchange markets, foreign investment or particular transactions in non-U.S. currency. If BFA utilizes foreign exchange transactions at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions, trends or correlations incorrectly, foreign exchange transactions may not serve their intended purpose of improving the correlation of the Fund's return with the performance of the Underlying Index and may lower the Fund’s return. Each Fund could experience losses if the value of its currency forwards, options and/or futures positions were poorly correlated with its other investments or if it could not close out its positions because of an illiquid market. In addition, a Fund could incur transaction costs, including trading commissions, in connection with certain non-U.S. currency transactions.
Diversification Status. The following table sets forth the diversification status of each Fund:
Diversified Funds   Non-Diversified Funds
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF   iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF   iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF    
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF    
With respect to 75% of a Fund's total assets, a “diversified” fund is limited by the 1940 Act such that it does not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one issuer and does not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer (excluding cash and cash items, government securities, and securities of other investment companies). The remaining 25% of the fund’s total assets may be invested in any manner.
 A “non-diversified” fund is a fund that is not limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. The securities of a particular issuer (or securities of issuers in particular industries) may dominate the underlying index of such a fund and, consequently, the fund’s investment portfolio. This may adversely affect the fund’s performance or subject the fund’s shares to greater price volatility than that experienced by more diversified investment companies.
Each Fund (whether diversified or non-diversified) intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”) and to relieve the Fund of any liability for U.S. federal income tax to the extent that its earnings are distributed to shareholders, provided that the Fund satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the Internal Revenue Code may limit the investment flexibility of certain Funds and may make it less likely that the Funds will meet their respective investment objectives.
Futures and Options. Futures contracts and options may be used by a Fund to simulate investment in its Underlying Index, to facilitate trading or to reduce transaction costs. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts and options that are traded on a U.S. or non-U.S. exchange. Each Fund will not use futures or options for speculative purposes. Each Fund intends to use futures and options in accordance with Rule 4.5 of the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”). The Trust, with respect to each Fund, has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” in accordance with Rule 4.5 so that the Trust, with respect to each Fund, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific instrument or index at a specified future time and at a specified price. Stock index contracts are based on investments that reflect the market value of common stock of the firms included in the investments. Each Fund may enter into futures
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contracts to purchase securities indexes when BFA anticipates purchasing the underlying securities and believes prices will rise before the purchase will be made. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
A call option gives a holder the right to purchase a specific security at a specified price (“exercise price”) within a specified period of time. A put option gives a holder the right to sell a specific security at a specified exercise price within a specified period of time. The initial purchaser of a call option pays the “writer” a premium, which is paid at the time of purchase and is retained by the writer whether or not such option is exercised. Each Fund may purchase put options to hedge its portfolio against the risk of a decline in the market value of securities held and may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities it is committed to purchase. Each Fund may write put and call options along with a long position in options to increase its ability to hedge against a change in the market value of the securities it holds or is committed to purchase. Investments in futures contracts and other investments that contain leverage may require each Fund to maintain liquid assets. Generally, each Fund maintains an amount of liquid assets equal to its obligations relative to the position involved, adjusted daily on a marked-to-market basis. With respect to futures contracts that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” each Fund maintains liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market obligation (i.e., each Fund’s daily net liability, if any), rather than the contracts’ notional value (i.e., the value of the underlying asset). By maintaining assets equal to its net obligation under cash-settled futures contracts, each Fund may employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund set aside assets equal to the futures contracts’ full notional value. Each Fund bases its asset maintenance policies on methods permitted by the staff of the SEC and may modify these policies in the future to comply with any changes in the guidance articulated from time to time by the SEC or its staff.
Illiquid Securities. Each Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment). Illiquid securities may include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets, as determined in accordance with SEC staff guidance. The liquidity of a security relates to the ability to readily dispose of the security and the price to be obtained upon disposition of the security, which may be lower than would be obtained for a comparable more liquid security. Illiquid securities may trade at a discount to comparable, more liquid investments and may impair a Fund’s ability to dispose of investments in a timely fashion at their expected price.
Lending Portfolio Securities. Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain borrowers determined to be creditworthy by BFA, including borrowers affiliated with BFA. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned. No securities loan shall be made on behalf of a Fund if, as a result, the aggregate value of all securities loans of the Fund exceeds one-third of the value of the Fund's total assets (including the value of the collateral received). A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. Each Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower may be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Funds are compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, a Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of each lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, including those affiliated with BFA; such investments are subject to investment risk.
Each Fund conducts its securities lending pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC permitting it to lend portfolio securities to borrowers affiliated with the Fund and to retain an affiliate of the Fund as lending agent. To the extent that a Fund engages in securities lending, BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. (“BTC”) acts as securities lending agent for the Fund, subject to the overall supervision of BFA. BTC administers the lending program in accordance with guidelines approved by the Trust's Board of Trustees (the “Board” or the “Trustees”).
Each Fund retains a portion of the securities lending income and remits a remaining portion to BTC as compensation for its services as securities lending agent. Securities lending income is equal to the total of income earned from the reinvestment of cash collateral (and excludes collateral investment fees as defined below), and any fees or other payments to and from borrowers of securities. As securities lending agent, BTC bears all operational costs directly related to securities lending. Each Fund is responsible for fees in connection with the investment of cash collateral received for securities on loan in a money market fund managed by BFA; however, BTC has agreed to reduce the amount of securities lending income it receives in order to effectively limit the collateral investment fees the Fund bears to an annual rate of 0.04% until December 31, 2014
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and 0.05% thereafter (the “collateral investment fees”). Such money market fund shares will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee.
Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement:
(i) International Equity Funds retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, commencing January 1, 2015 International Equity Funds will retain 70% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Under the securities lending program the Funds are categorized into specific asset classes. The determination of a Fund’s asset class category (fixed income, domestic equity, international equity or fund-of-funds), each of which may be subject to a different fee arrangement, is based on a methodology agreed to between the Trust and BTC.
In addition, commencing the business day following the date that the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (as defined under “ManagementTrustees and Officers”) in a calendar year exceeds the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex in calendar year 2013 (the “Hurdle Date”) (or lesser amount as may be agreed to by the Funds and BTC), each International Equity Fund, pursuant to the securities lending agreement, will receive for the remainder of that calendar year securities lending income as follows:
(i) 80% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, for the remainder of the calendar year following any Hurdle Date after January 1, 2015, International Equity Funds will retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees a Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, a Fund would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral or in recovering the loaned securities, or to a possible loss of rights in the collateral. In the event a borrower does not return a Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. This event could trigger adverse tax consequences for a Fund. A Fund could lose money if its short-term investment of the collateral declines in value over the period of the loan. Substitute payments for dividends received by a Fund for securities loaned out by the Fund will not be considered qualified dividend income. BTC will take into account the tax effects on shareholders of this difference in connection with a Fund’s securities lending program. Substitute payments received on tax-exempt securities loaned out will not be tax-exempt income.
Non-U.S. Securities. Each Fund intends to purchase publicly-traded common stocks of non-U.S. issuers. To the extent a Fund invests in stocks of non-U.S. issuers, the Fund's investments in such stocks may be in the form of American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) (collectively, “Depositary Receipts”). Depositary Receipts are receipts, typically issued by a bank or trust issuer, which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For other forms of Depositary Receipts, the depository may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may be issued by a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer. Depositary Receipts are not necessarily denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs, issued in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, issued in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world.
The Funds will not invest in any unlisted Depositary Receipt or any Depositary Receipt that BFA deems illiquid at the time of purchase or for which pricing information is not readily available. In general, Depositary Receipts must be sponsored, but a Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts under certain limited circumstances. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States. Therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may be no correlation between available information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts.
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Investing in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. issuers. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in non-U.S. countries, and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to less governmental regulation than U.S. issuers. Moreover, individual non-U.S. economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product (“GDP”), rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions.
Options on Futures Contracts. An option on a futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account that represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential for loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option plus transaction costs. Because the value of the option is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option changes daily and that change would be reflected in the NAV of each Fund. The potential for loss related to writing call options is unlimited. The potential for loss related to writing put options is limited to the agreed upon price per share, also known as the “strike price,” less the premium received from writing the put.
Each Fund may purchase and write put and call options on futures contracts that are traded on an exchange as a hedge against changes in value of its portfolio securities, or in anticipation of the purchase of securities, and may enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.
Upon entering into a futures contract, a Fund will be required to deposit with the broker an amount of cash or cash equivalents known as “initial margin,” which is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract and is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, known as “variation margin,” to and from the broker will be made daily as the price of the instrument or index underlying the futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking-to-market.” At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, each Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate the Fund’s existing position in the contract.
Regulation Regarding Derivatives. Effective December 31, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) adopted certain regulatory changes that subject registered investment companies and advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a fund invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or if the fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent a Fund uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, BFA has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the CEA pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. BFA is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of such Fund.
Certain of the Funds may also have investments in “underlying funds” not advised by BFA (which for purposes of the no-action letter referenced below may include certain securitized vehicles and/or mortgage real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) that may invest in CFTC Derivatives). BFA has no transparency into the holdings of these underlying funds because they are not advised by BFA. To address this issue of lack of transparency, the CFTC staff issued a no-action letter on November 29, 2012 permitting the adviser of a fund that invests in such underlying funds and that would otherwise have filed a claim of exclusion pursuant to Rule 4.5 to delay registration as a “commodity pool operator” until six months from the date on which the CFTC issues additional guidance on the treatment of CFTC Derivatives held by underlying funds. BFA, the adviser of the Funds, has filed a request with the CFTC to rely on this no-action relief.
Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an instrument under which the purchaser (i.e., a Fund) acquires the security and the seller agrees, at the time of the sale, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be
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collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. If a repurchase agreement is construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities will not be considered to be owned by a Fund but only to constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price, and, in the event of a default by the seller, the Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or losses in connection with the disposition of the collateral.
In any repurchase transaction, the collateral for a repurchase agreement may include: (i) cash items; (ii) obligations issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities; or (iii) obligations that, at the time the repurchase agreement is entered into, are rated in the highest rating category generally by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”), or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by BFA. Collateral, however, is not limited to the foregoing and may include, for example, obligations rated below the highest category by NRSROs. Collateral for a repurchase agreement may also include securities that a Fund could not hold directly without the repurchase obligation. Irrespective of the type of collateral underlying the repurchase agreement, in the case of a repurchase agreement entered into by a non-money market fund, the repurchase obligation of a seller must be of comparable credit quality to securities that are rated in the highest two short-term credit rating categories by at least one NRSRO or, if unrated, deemed by BFA to be of equivalent quality.
Repurchase agreements pose certain risks for a Fund, should it decide to utilize them. Such risks are not unique to the Funds, but are inherent in repurchase agreements. The Funds seek to minimize such risks, but because of the inherent legal uncertainties involved in repurchase agreements, such risks cannot be eliminated. Lower quality collateral and collateral with longer maturities may be subject to greater price fluctuations than higher quality collateral and collateral with shorter maturities. If the repurchase agreement counterparty were to default, lower quality collateral may be more difficult to liquidate than higher quality collateral. Should the counterparty default and the amount of collateral not be sufficient to cover the counterparty’s repurchase obligation, a Fund would retain the status of an unsecured creditor of the counterparty (i.e., the position the Fund would normally be in if it were to hold, pursuant to its investment policies, other unsecured debt securities of the defaulting counterparty) with respect to the amount of the shortfall. As an unsecured creditor, a Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment and have the characteristics of borrowing. Generally, the effect of such transactions is that a Fund can recover all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the reverse repurchase agreement, while in many cases the Fund is able to keep some of the interest income associated with those securities. Such transactions are advantageous only if a Fund has an opportunity to earn a rate of interest on the cash derived from these transactions that is greater than the interest cost of obtaining the same amount of cash. Opportunities to realize earnings from the use of the proceeds equal to or greater than the interest required to be paid may not always be available and a Fund intends to use the reverse repurchase technique only when BFA believes it will be advantageous to the Fund. The use of reverse repurchase agreements may exaggerate any increase or decrease in the value of a Fund’s assets. A Fund’s exposure to reverse repurchase agreements will be covered by liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than such commitments. The use of reverse repurchase agreements is a form of leverage because the proceeds derived from reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities.
Securities of Investment Companies. Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies (including money market funds) to the extent allowed by law. Pursuant to the 1940 Act, a Fund’s investment in registered investment companies is generally limited to, subject to certain exceptions: (i) 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any one investment company; (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company; and (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to investment companies in the aggregate. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, each Fund intends from time to time to invest its assets in the securities of investment companies, including, but not limited to, money market funds, including those advised by or otherwise affiliated with BFA, in excess of the general limits discussed above. Other investment companies in which a Fund may invest can be expected to incur fees and expenses for operations, such as investment advisory and administration fees, which would be in addition to those incurred by the Fund.
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments. Each Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds (including those advised by BFA or otherwise affiliated with BFA); (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed-time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. banks (including non-U.S. branches) and similar
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institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated, at the date of purchase, “Prime-1” by Moody's® Investors Service, Inc., “F-1” by Fitch Inc., or “A-1” by Standard & Poor's® Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“Standard & Poor's Ratings Services”), or if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by BFA; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; (vi) repurchase agreements; and (vii) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of non-U.S. banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of BFA, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by a Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or forward-settled basis. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
Swap Agreements. Swap agreements are contracts between parties in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on the change in market value or level of a specified rate, index or asset. In return, the other party agrees to make periodic payments to the first party based on the return of a different specified rate, index or asset. Swap agreements will usually be performed on a net basis, with a Fund receiving or paying only the net amount of the two payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap is accrued on a daily basis and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained by the Fund.
The use of interest rate and index swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. These transactions generally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal.
Tracking Stocks. A tracking stock is a separate class of common stock whose value is linked to a specific business unit or operating division within a larger company and is designed to “track” the performance of such business unit or division. The tracking stock may pay dividends to shareholders independent of the parent company. The parent company, rather than the business unit or division, generally is the issuer of tracking stock. However, holders of the tracking stock may not have the same rights as holders of the company’s common stock.
Future Developments. The Board may, in the future, authorize a Fund to invest in securities contracts and investments, other than those listed in this SAI and in the applicable Prospectuses, provided they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and do not violate any of its investment restrictions or policies.
General Considerations and Risks
A discussion of some of the principal risks associated with an investment in a Fund is contained in the applicable Prospectus.
An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers of the portfolio securities, the value of stocks in general, and other factors that affect the market.
Borrowing Risk.  Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the return on a Fund’s portfolio. Borrowing will cost a Fund interest expense and other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce a Fund’s return. Borrowing may cause a Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations.
Commodities Investment Risk.  Exposure to commodities markets may subject a Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The commodities markets have experienced periods of extreme volatility. Similar future market conditions may result in rapid and substantial valuation increases or decreases in a Fund’s holdings.
The commodities markets may fluctuate widely based on a variety of factors. Movements in commodity investment prices are outside of a Fund's control and may not be anticipated by Fund management. Price movements may be influenced by, among other things: governmental, agricultural, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies; changing market and economic conditions; market liquidity; weather and climate conditions, including droughts and floods; livestock disease; changing supply and demand relationships and levels of domestic production and imported commodities; changes in storage costs; the availability of local, intrastate and interstate transportation systems; energy conservation; the success of exploration projects; changes in international balances of payments and trade; domestic and foreign rates of
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inflation; currency devaluations and revaluations; domestic and foreign political and economic events; domestic and foreign interest rates and/or investor expectations concerning interest rates; foreign currency/exchange rates; domestic and foreign governmental regulation and taxation; war, acts of terrorism and other political upheaval and conflicts; governmental expropriation; investment and trading activities of mutual funds, hedge funds and commodities funds; and changes in philosophies and emotions of market participants. The frequency and magnitude of such changes cannot be predicted.
The prices of commodities can also fluctuate widely due to supply and demand disruptions in major producing or consuming regions. Certain commodities or natural resources may be produced in a limited number of countries and may be controlled by a small number of producers or groups of producers. As a result, political, economic regulator and supply-related events in such countries could have a disproportionate impact on the prices of such commodities.
A decrease in the production of a physical commodity or a decrease in the volume of such commodity available for transportation, mining, processing, storage or distribution may adversely impact the financial performance of a commodity or commodity-related company that devotes a portion of its business to that commodity. Production declines and volume decreases could be caused by various factors, including catastrophic events affecting production, depletion of resources, labor difficulties, environmental proceedings, increased regulations, equipment failures and unexpected maintenance problems, import supply disruption, governmental expropriation, political upheaval or conflicts or increased competition from alternative energy sources or commodity prices. Agricultural commodities may be adversely affected by weather or other natural phenomena, such as drought, floods and pests.
A sustained decline in demand for such commodities could also adversely affect the financial performance of commodity-related companies. Factors that could lead to a decline in demand include economic recession or other adverse economic conditions, higher taxes on commodities or increased governmental regulations, increases in fuel economy, consumer shifts to the use of alternative commodities or fuel sources, changes in commodity prices, or weather.
The commodity markets are subject to temporary distortions and other disruptions due to, among other factors, lack of liquidity, the participation of speculators, and government regulation and other actions. U.S. futures exchanges and some foreign exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation in futures contract prices which may occur in a single business day (generally referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits”). The maximum or minimum price of a contract as a result of these limits is referred to as a “limit price.” If the limit price has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made beyond the limit price. Limit prices have the effect of precluding trading in a particular contract or forcing the liquidation of contracts at disadvantageous times or prices.
Custody Risk.  Custody risk refers to the risks inherent in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of their local markets, and thus may be subject to limited or no government oversight. Communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Practices in relation to the settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because of the use of brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result in ownership registration being lost. In addition, the laws of certain countries may put limits on a Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or an agent of any of the foregoing goes bankrupt. A Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such custody problems and may have no successful claim for compensation.
Cyber Security Issues. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, each Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cyber security failures or breaches by a Fund’s third party service providers (including, but not limited to, index providers, fund accountants and transfer agents), market makers, Authorized Participants (as defined in the Portfolio Holdings Information section of this SAI) and the issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, have the ability to
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cause disruptions and impact business operations potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Funds have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Funds cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by issuers in which the Funds invest, market makers or Authorized Participants. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Dividend Risk. There is no guarantee that issuers of the stocks held by a Fund will declare dividends in the future or that, if declared, they will either remain at specific levels or increase over time.
Operational Risk. BFA and a Fund’s other service providers may experience disruptions or operating errors that could negatively impact the Funds. While service providers are required to have appropriate operational risk management policies and procedures, their methods of operational risk management may differ from the Funds' in the setting of priorities, the personnel and resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. BlackRock, through its monitoring and oversight of service providers, seeks to ensure that service providers take appropriate precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to disruptions and operating errors. However, it is not possible for BlackRock or the other Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects.
Risk of Derivatives. A derivative is a financial contract, the value of which depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, a commodity (such as gold or silver), a currency or an index (a measure of value or rates, such as the S&P 500 Index or the prime lending rate). A Fund may invest in stock index futures contracts and other derivatives. Compared to conventional securities, derivatives can be more sensitive to changes in interest rates or to sudden fluctuations in market prices and thus a Fund’s losses may be greater if it invests in derivatives than if it invests only in conventional securities. Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations.
Risk of Equity Securities. An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in equity securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of stock markets may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the portfolio securities and thus in the value of shares of the Fund). Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to increases and decreases in value as market confidence and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies, inflation and interest rates, economic expansion or contraction, and global or regional political, economic or banking crises. Holders of common stocks incur more risks than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders generally have rights to receive payments from stock issuers that are inferior to the rights of creditors, or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (the value of which, however, is subject to market fluctuations prior to maturity), or preferred stocks, which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity.
Although most of the securities in each Underlying Index are listed on a national securities exchange, the principal trading market for some of the securities may be in the over-the-counter market. The existence of a liquid trading market for certain securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made or maintained or that any such market will be or remain liquid. The price at which securities may be sold and the value of a Fund’s shares will be adversely affected if trading markets for the Fund’s portfolio securities are limited or absent, or if bid/ask spreads are wide.
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions. There are several risks accompanying the utilization of futures contracts and options on futures contracts. A position in futures contracts and options on futures contracts may be closed only on the exchange on which the contract was made (or a linked exchange). While each Fund plans to utilize futures contracts only if an active market exists for such contracts, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist for the contract at a specified time. Futures contracts, by definition, project price levels in the future and not current levels of valuation; therefore, market circumstances may result in a discrepancy between the price of the stock index future and the movement in a Fund's
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Underlying Index. In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, a Fund may be required to deliver the instruments underlying the futures contracts it has sold.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts or uncovered call options in some strategies (e.g., selling uncovered stock index futures contracts) is potentially unlimited. The Funds do not plan to use futures and options contracts in this way. The risk of a futures position may still be large as traditionally measured due to the low margin deposits required. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit. The Funds, however, intend to utilize futures and options contracts in a manner designed to limit their risk exposure to levels comparable to a direct investment in the types of stocks in which they invest.
Utilization of futures and options on futures by a Fund involves the risk of imperfect or even negative correlation to the Underlying Index if the index underlying the futures contract differs from the Underlying Index. There is also the risk of loss of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in the futures contract or option. The purchase of put or call options will be based upon predictions by BFA as to anticipated trends, which predictions could prove to be incorrect.
Because the futures market generally imposes less burdensome margin requirements than the securities market, an increased amount of participation by speculators in the futures market could result in price fluctuations. Certain financial futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount by which the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting each Fund to substantial losses. In the event of adverse price movements, each Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.
Risk of Investing in Mid-Capitalization Companies. Stock prices of mid-capitalization companies may be more volatile than those of large-capitalization companies and, therefore, a Fund’s share price may be more volatile than those of funds that invest a larger percentage of their assets in stocks issued by large-capitalization companies. Stock prices of mid-capitalization companies are also more vulnerable than those of large-capitalization companies to adverse business or economic developments, and the stocks of mid-capitalization companies may be less liquid, making it more difficult for the Funds to buy and sell them. In addition, mid-capitalization companies generally have less diverse product lines than large-capitalization companies and are more susceptible to adverse developments related to their products.
Risk of Investing in Small-Capitalization Companies. Stock prices of small-capitalization companies may be more volatile than those of larger companies and therefore a Fund's share price may be more volatile than those of funds that invest a larger percentage of their assets in stocks issued by large-capitalization companies. Stock prices of small-capitalization companies are generally more vulnerable than those of large-capitalization companies to adverse business and economic developments. The stocks of small-capitalization companies may be thinly traded, making it difficult for the Funds to buy and sell them. In addition, small-capitalization companies are typically less financially stable than larger, more established companies and may depend on a small number of essential personnel, making them more vulnerable to loss of personnel. Small-capitalization companies also normally have less diverse product lines than those of large-capitalization companies and are more susceptible to adverse developments concerning their products.
Risk of Swap Agreements. The risk of loss with respect to swaps generally is limited to the net amount of payments that a Fund is contractually obligated to make. Swap agreements are subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will default on its obligations. If such a default occurs, a Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect such Fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g., a Fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive).
Risk of Investing in Africa. Investments in securities of issuers in certain African countries involve heightened risks including, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict, civil war, and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest and, in certain countries, genocidal warfare.
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Certain countries in Africa generally have less developed capital markets than traditional emerging market countries, and, consequently, the risks of investing in foreign securities are magnified in such countries. Because securities markets of countries in Africa are underdeveloped and are less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets located in more developed countries, securities markets in African countries are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater price fluctuations and uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets.
Moreover, trading on securities markets may be suspended altogether. Market volatility may also be heightened by the actions of a small number of investors. Brokerage firms in certain countries in Africa may be fewer in number and less established than brokerage firms in more developed markets. Since a Fund may need to effect securities transactions through these brokerage firms, the Fund is subject to the risk that these brokerage firms will not be able to fulfill their obligations to the Fund (i.e., counterparty risk). This risk is magnified to the extent that a Fund effects securities transactions through a single brokerage firm or a small number of brokerage firms.
Certain governments in African countries restrict or control to varying degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers located or operating in those countries. These restrictions and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities of issuers located or operating in countries in Africa. Moreover, certain countries in Africa require governmental approval or special licenses prior to investment by foreign investors and may limit the amount of investment by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or issuer, and may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domestic investors of the countries and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. A delay in obtaining a government approval or a license would delay investments in a particular country, and, as a result, a Fund may not be able to invest in certain securities while approval is pending. The government of a particular country may also withdraw or decline to renew a license that enables a Fund to invest in such country. These factors make investing in issuers located or operating in countries in Africa significantly riskier than investing in issuers located or operating in more developed countries, and any one of these factors could cause a decline in the value of a Fund’s investments.
Issuers located or operating in countries in Africa are not subject to the same rules and regulations as issuers located or operating in more developed countries. Therefore, there may be less financial and other information publicly-available with regard to issuers located or operating in countries in Africa and such issuers are not subject to the uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards applicable to issuers located or operating in more developed countries.
In addition, governments of certain countries in Africa in which a Fund may invest may levy withholding or other taxes on income such as dividends, interest and realized capital gains. Although in certain countries in Africa a portion of these taxes are recoverable, the non-recovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from investments in such countries.
Investment in countries in Africa may be subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in connection with the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. In addition, there is the risk that if an African country’s balance of payments declines, such African country may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. Consequently, a Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments. Additionally, investments in countries in Africa may require a Fund to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Fund.
Securities laws in many countries in Africa are relatively new and unsettled and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and shareholder rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations. In addition, there may be no single centralized securities exchange on which securities are traded in certain countries in Africa and the systems of corporate governance to which issuers located in countries in Africa are subject may be less advanced than those systems to which issuers located in more developed countries are subject, and therefore, shareholders of issuers located in such countries may not receive many of the protections available to shareholders of issuers located in more developed countries. In circumstances where adequate laws and shareholder rights exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift and equitable enforcement of the law. In addition, the enforcement of systems of taxation at federal, regional and local levels in countries in Africa may be inconsistent and subject to sudden change.
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Certain countries in Africa may be heavily dependent upon international trade and, consequently, have been and may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These countries also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade. Certain countries in Africa depend to a significant extent upon exports of primary commodities such as gold, silver, copper and diamonds. These countries therefore are vulnerable to changes in commodity prices, which may be affected by a variety of factors. In addition, certain issuers located in countries in Africa in which a Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations, and/or countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries. A Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those risks.
The governments of certain countries in Africa may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in such countries, which could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments that could adversely affect investments in certain countries in Africa. Some countries in Africa may be affected by a greater degree of public corruption and crime, including organized crime.
In addition, recent political instability and protests in North Africa and the Middle East have caused significant disruptions to many industries. This instability has demonstrated that political and social unrest can spread quickly through the region, and that developments in one country can influence the political events in neighboring countries. Some protests have turned violent, and civil war and political reconstruction in certain countries such as Libya poses a risk to investments in the region. Continued political and social unrest in these regions may negatively affect the value of an investment in a Fund.
Risk of Investing in Asia.  Investments in securities of issuers in certain Asian countries involve risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in other regions. Such heightened risks include, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socio-economic unrest. Many Asian economies have experienced rapid rates of economic growth and industrialization in recent years, and there is no assurance that these rates of economic growth and industrialization will be maintained.
Certain Asian countries have democracies with relatively short histories, which may increase the risk of political instability. These countries have faced political and military unrest, and further unrest could present a risk to their local economies and securities markets. Indonesia and the Philippines have each experienced violence and terrorism, which has negatively impacted their economies. North Korea and South Korea each have substantial military capabilities, and historical tensions between the two countries present the risk of war; in the recent past, these tensions have escalated. Any outbreak of hostilities between the two countries could have a severe adverse effect on the South Korean economy and securities market. Increased political and social unrest in these geographic areas could adversely affect the performance of investments in this region.
Certain governments in this region administer prices on several basic goods, including fuel and electricity, within their respective countries. Certain governments may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector in their respective countries and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in this region, which in turn could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments adversely affecting investments in the region.
Corruption and the perceived lack of a rule of law in dealings with international companies in certain Asian countries may discourage foreign investment and could negatively impact the long-term growth of certain economies in this region. In addition, certain countries in the region are experiencing high unemployment and corruption, and have fragile banking sectors.
Some economies in this region are dependent on a range of commodities, including oil, natural gas and coal. Accordingly, they are strongly affected by international commodity prices and particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products. The market for securities in this region may also be directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and by the economic and market conditions of neighboring countries. Adverse economic conditions or developments in neighboring countries may increase investors' perception of the risk of investing in the region as a whole, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by companies in the region.
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Risk of Investing in Australasia.  The economies of Australasia, which include Australia and New Zealand, are dependent on exports from the agricultural and mining sectors. This makes Australasian economies susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. Australasian economies are also increasingly dependent on their growing service industries. Australia and New Zealand are located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters, such as drought and flooding. Any such event in the future could have a significant adverse impact on the economies of Australia and New Zealand and affect the value of securities held by a relevant Fund. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are dependent on trading with certain key trading partners, including Asia, Europe and the United States. The Australia–U.S. Free Trade Agreement has significantly expanded the trading relationship between the United States and Australia. In 2003, Australia and Singapore entered into the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (“SAFTA”). SAFTA is intended to further expand the economic relationship with Singapore, Australia’s largest trade and investment partner in Southeast Asia. Thus, economic events in the United States, Asia, or in other key trading countries can have a significant economic effect on the Australian economy. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are heavily dependent on the mining sector. Passage of new regulations limiting foreign ownership of companies in the mining sector or imposition of new taxes on profits of mining companies may dissuade foreign investment, and as a result, have a negative impact on companies to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in Central and South America.  The economies of certain Central and South American countries have experienced high interest rates, economic volatility, inflation, currency devaluations, government defaults and high unemployment rates. In addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant percentage of exports for the regions and many economies in these regions are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries of these regions.
Risk of Investing in Eastern Europe.  Investing in the securities of Eastern European issuers is highly speculative and involves risks not usually associated with investing in the more developed markets of Western Europe. Political and economic reforms are too recent to establish a definite trend away from centrally planned economies and state-owned industries. In the past, some Eastern European governments have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and many claims of the property owners have never been fully settled.
Many Eastern European countries continue to move toward market economies at different paces with appropriately different characteristics. Most Eastern European securities markets suffer from thin trading activity, dubious investor protections, and often a dearth of reliable corporate information. Information and transaction costs, differential taxes, and sometimes political or transfer risk give a comparative advantage to the domestic investor rather than the foreign investor. In addition, these markets are particularly sensitive to social, political, economic, and currency events in Russia and may suffer heavy losses as a result of their trading and investment links to the Russian economy and currency. Russia also may attempt to assert its influence in the region through economic or even military measures, as it did with Georgia in the summer of 2008. Eastern European economies may also be particularly susceptible to changes in the international credit markets due to their reliance on bank related inflows of capital. The global economic crisis has restricted international credit supplies, and several Eastern European economies have faced significant credit and economic crises. Although some Eastern European economies are expanding again, major challenges are still present as a result of their continued dependence on the Western European zone for credit.
Risk of Investing in Europe.  The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the “EU”) requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro (the common currency of certain EU countries), the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in an EU member country may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners. Although certain European countries do not use the euro, many of these countries are obliged to meet the criteria for joining the euro zone. Consequently, these countries must comply with many of the restrictions noted above. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about economic downturns, rising government debt levels and the possible default of government debt in several European countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In order to prevent further economic deterioration, certain countries, without prior warning, can institute “capital controls.” Countries may use these controls to restrict volatile movements of capital entering and exiting their country. Such controls may negatively affect a Fund’s investments. A default or debt restructuring by any European country would adversely impact holders of that country's debt and sellers of credit default swaps linked to that country's creditworthiness, which may be located in countries other than those listed above. In addition, the credit ratings of certain European countries
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were recently downgraded. These downgrades may result in further deterioration of investor confidence. These events have adversely affected the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect the economies of every country in Europe, including countries that do not use the euro and non-EU member countries. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not produce the desired results, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and other entities of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.
Risk of Investing in North America.  The United States is Canada’s and Mexico’s largest trading and investment partner. The Canadian and Mexican economies are significantly affected by developments in the U.S. economy. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) in 1994 among Canada, the United States and Mexico, total merchandise trade between the three countries has increased. To further this relationship, the three NAFTA countries entered into the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America in March 2005, which may further affect Canada’s and Mexico’s dependency on the U.S. economy. Economic events in any one North American country can have a significant economic effect on the entire North American region, and on some or all of the North American countries in which a Fund invests.
Risk of Investing in China.  Investments in securities of companies domiciled in China involve a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the U.S. securities markets. Such heightened risks include, among others, an authoritarian government, popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic and social conditions, the impact of regional conflict on the economy and hostile relations with neighboring countries.
Military conflicts, either in response to internal social unrest or conflicts with other countries, could disrupt economic development. The Chinese economy is vulnerable to the long-running disagreements with Hong Kong related to integration and religious and nationalist disputes with Tibet. China has a complex territorial dispute regarding the sovereignty of Taiwan that has included threats of invasion; Taiwan-based companies and individuals are significant investors in China. Military conflict between China and Taiwan may adversely affect securities of Chinese issuers. In addition, China has strained international relations with Japan, India, Russia and other neighbors due to territorial disputes, historical animosities and other defense concerns. China could be affected by military events on the Korean peninsula or internal instability within North Korea. These situations may cause uncertainty in the Chinese market and may adversely affect performance of the Chinese economy.
The Chinese government has implemented significant economic reforms in order to liberalize trade policy, promote foreign investment in the economy, reduce government control of the economy and develop market mechanisms. But there can be no assurance that these reforms will continue or that they will be effective. Despite reforms and privatizations of companies in certain sectors, the Chinese government still exercises substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector and may own or control many companies. The Chinese government continues to maintain a major role in economic policy making and investing in China involves risk of loss due to expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and on repatriation of capital invested. In addition, there is less regulation and monitoring of Chinese securities markets and the activities of investors, brokers and other participants than in the United States. Accordingly, issuers of securities in China are not subject to the same degree of regulation as are U.S. issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, tender offer regulation, stockholder proxy requirements and the requirements mandating timely and accurate disclosure of information. Stock markets in China are in the process of change and further development. This may lead to trading volatility, difficulty in the settlement and recording of transactions and difficulty in interpreting and applying the relevant regulation.
While the Chinese economy has grown rapidly in recent years, there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. China may experience substantial rates of inflation or economic recessions, causing a negative effect on the economy and securities market. China’s economy is heavily dependent on export growth. Reduction in spending on Chinese products and services, institution of tariffs or other trade barriers or a downturn in any of the economies of China’s key trading partners may have an adverse impact on the securities of Chinese issuers.
The tax laws and regulations in the People's Republic of China (“PRC”) are subject to change, including the issuance of authoritative guidance or enforcement, possibly with retroactive effect. The interpretation, applicability and enforcement of
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such laws by PRC tax authorities are not as consistent and transparent as those of more developed nations, and may vary over time and from region to region. The application and enforcement of PRC tax rules could have a significant adverse effect on a Fund and its investors, particularly in relation to capital gains withholding tax imposed upon non-residents.
Risk of Investing in Hong Kong.  Investments in Hong Kong issuers may subject a Fund to legal, regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risk specific to Hong Kong. China is Hong Kong’s largest trading partner, both in terms of exports and imports. Any changes in the Chinese economy, trade regulations or currency exchange rates may have an adverse impact on Hong Kong’s economy.
Political and Social Risk. Hong Kong reverted to Chinese sovereignty on July 1, 1997 as a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China under the principle of “one country, two systems.” Although China is obligated to maintain the current capitalist economic and social system of Hong Kong through June 30, 2047, the continuation of economic and social freedoms enjoyed in Hong Kong is dependent on the government of China. Any attempt by China to tighten its control over Hong Kong's political, economic or social policies may result in an adverse effect on Hong Kong's economy.
Economic Risk. The economy of Hong Kong is closely tied to the economy of China. The Chinese economy has grown rapidly during the past several years and there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. China may experience substantial rates of inflation or economic recessions, causing a negative effect on the economy and securities market. Delays in enterprise restructuring, slow development of well-functioning financial markets and widespread corruption have also hindered performance of the Chinese economy, and China continues to receive substantial pressure from trading partners to liberalize official currency exchange rates.
Risk of Investing in India.  India is an emerging market and demonstrates significantly higher volatility from time to time in comparison to more developed markets. Political, religious, and border disputes persist in India. India has recently experienced and may continue to experience civil unrest and hostilities with certain of its neighboring countries, including Pakistan, and the Indian government has confronted separatist movements in several Indian states, including Kashmir. Government control over the economy, currency fluctuations or blockage, and the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets offer higher potential for losses. Governmental actions could have a negative effect on the economic conditions in India, which could adversely affect the value and liquidity of investments made by a Fund. The securities markets in India are comparatively underdeveloped and with some exceptions, consist of a small number of listed companies with small market capitalization, greater price volatility and substantially less liquidity than companies in more developed markets. Stockbrokers and other intermediaries in India may not perform as well as their counterparts in the United States or other, more developed countries. The limited liquidity of the Indian securities markets may also affect a Fund’s ability to acquire or dispose of securities at the price or time that it desires or the Fund’s ability to track its Underlying Index.
Global factors and foreign actions may inhibit the flow of foreign capital on which India is dependent to sustain its growth. In addition, the Reserve Bank of India has imposed limits on foreign ownership of Indian companies, which may decrease the liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio and result in extreme volatility in the prices of Indian securities. These factors, coupled with the lack of extensive accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices, as applicable in the United States, may increase the risk of loss for a Fund.
Securities laws in India are relatively new and unsettled and, as a result, there is a risk of significant and unpredictable change in laws governing foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and shareholder rights. Foreign investors in particular may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations. Certain Indian regulatory approvals, including approvals from the Securities and Exchange Board of India, the central government and the tax authorities (to the extent that tax benefits need to be utilized), may be required before a Fund can make investments in Indian companies.
Technology and software sectors represent a significant portion of the total capitalization of the Indian securities markets. The value of these companies will generally fluctuate in response to technological and regulatory developments, and, as a result, a Fund’s holdings are expected to experience correlated fluctuations.
Natural disasters, such as tsunamis, flooding or droughts, could occur in India, Mauritius or surrounding areas and could negatively affect the Indian economy or operations of a Subsidiary, and, in turn, could negatively affect a Fund.
Risk of Investing in Japan.  Japan may be subject to political, economic, nuclear, and labor risks. Any of these risks, individually or in the aggregate, can impact an investment made in Japan.
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Economic Risk. The growth of Japan’s economy has historically lagged that of its Asian neighbors and other major developed economies. Since the year 2000, Japan’s economic growth rate has remained relatively low and it may remain low in the future. The Japanese economy is heavily dependent on international trade and has been adversely affected by trade tariffs, other protectionist measures, competition from emerging economies and the economic conditions of its trading partners. Japan is also heavily dependent on oil imports, and higher commodity prices could therefore have a negative impact on the Japanese economy.
Political Risk. Historically, Japan has had unpredictable national politics and may experience frequent political turnover. Future political developments may lead to changes in policy that might adversely affect a Fund’s investments. In addition, China has become an important trading partner with Japan. Japan’s political relationship with China, however, has become strained. Should political tension increase, it could adversely affect the Japanese economy and destabilize the region as a whole.
Large Government Debt Risk. The Japanese economy faces several concerns, including a financial system with large levels of nonperforming loans, over-leveraged corporate balance sheets, extensive cross-ownership by major corporations, a changing corporate governance structure, and large government deficits. These issues may cause a slowdown of the Japanese economy.
Currency Risk. The Japanese yen has fluctuated widely at times and any increase in its value may cause a decline in exports that could weaken the Japanese economy. Japan has, in the past, intervened in the currency markets to attempt to maintain or reduce the value of the yen. Japanese intervention in the currency markets could cause the value of the yen to fluctuate sharply and unpredictably and could cause losses to investors.
Nuclear Energy Risk. The nuclear power plant catastrophe in Japan in March 2011 may have short-term and long-term effects on the Japanese economy and its nuclear energy industry, the extent of which are currently unknown.
Labor Risk. Japan has an aging workforce and has experienced a significant population decline in recent years. Japan’s labor market appears to be undergoing fundamental structural changes, as a labor market traditionally accustomed to lifetime employment adjusts to meet the need for increased labor mobility, which may adversely affect Japan’s economic competitiveness.
Geographic Risk. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, typhoons and tsunamis, could occur in Japan or surrounding areas and could negatively affect the Japanese economy, and, in turn, could negatively affect a Fund.
Risk of Investing in South Korea.  Investments in South Korean issuers involve risks that are specific to South Korea, including legal, regulatory, political, currency, security and economic risks. Substantial political tensions exist between North Korea and South Korea and recently, these political tensions have escalated. The outbreak of hostilities between the two nations, or even the threat of an outbreak of hostilities will likely adversely impact the South Korean economy. In addition, South Korea's economic growth potential has recently been on a decline, mainly because of a rapidly aging population and structural problems.
Risk of Investing in Taiwan.  Investment in Taiwanese issuers may subject the Fund to loss in the event of adverse political, economic, regulatory and other developments that affect Taiwan, including fluctuations of the New Taiwan dollar versus the U.S. dollar. Taiwan has few natural resources. Any fluctuation or shortage in the commodity markets could have a negative impact on the Taiwanese economy. Appreciation of the New Taiwan dollar, rising labor costs, and increasing environmental consciousness have led some labor-intensive industries to relocate to other countries with cheaper work forces. Continued labor outsourcing may adversely affect the Taiwanese economy. Taiwanese firms are among the world’s largest suppliers of computer monitors and leaders in personal computer manufacturing. A slowdown in global demand for these products will likely have an adverse impact on the Taiwanese economy. The Chinese government views Taiwan as a renegade province and continues to contest Taiwan’s sovereignty. The outbreak of hostilities between the two nations, or even the threat of an outbreak of hostilities will likely adversely impact the Taiwanese economy. Such risks, among others, may adversely affect the value of a Fund’s investments.
Risk of Investing in the United Kingdom.  Investment in British issuers may subject a Fund to regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risks specific to the United Kingdom. The British economy relies heavily on export of financial services to the United States and other European countries. A prolonged slowdown in the financial services sector may have a negative impact on the British economy. In the past, the United Kingdom has been a target of terrorism. Acts of terrorism in
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the United Kingdom or against British interests abroad may cause uncertainty in the British financial markets and adversely affect the performance of the issuers to which a Fund has exposure. The British economy, along with the United States and certain other European economies, experienced a significant economic slowdown during the recent financial crisis.
Risk of Investing in the United States.  The United States is a significant, and in some cases the most significant, trading partner of or foreign investor in certain emerging markets in which a Fund invests, the economic conditions of which may be particularly affected by adverse changes in the U.S. economy. A decrease in U.S. imports, new trade regulations, changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rate or an economic slowdown in the United States may have a material adverse effect on a country’s economic conditions and, as a result, securities to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets.  Investments in emerging market countries may be subject to greater risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include: (i) less social, political, and economic stability; (ii) greater illiquidity and price volatility due to smaller or limited local capital markets for such securities, or low or non-existent trading volumes; (iii) foreign exchanges and broker-dealers may be subject to less scrutiny and regulation by local authorities; (iv) local governments may decide to seize or confiscate securities held by foreign investors and/or local governments may decide to suspend or limit an issuer's ability to make dividend or interest payments; (v) local governments may limit or entirely restrict repatriation of invested capital, profits, and dividends; (vi) capital gains may be subject to local taxation, including on a retroactive basis; (vii) issuers facing restrictions on dollar or euro payments imposed by local governments may attempt to make dividend or interest payments to foreign investors in the local currency; (viii) investors may experience difficulty in enforcing legal claims related to the securities and/or local judges may favor the interests of the issuer over those of foreign investors; (ix) bankruptcy judgments may only be permitted to be paid in the local currency; (x) limited public information regarding the issuer may result in greater difficulty in determining market valuations of the securities, and (xi) lax financial reporting on a regular basis, substandard disclosure and differences in accounting standards may make it difficult to ascertain the financial health of an issuer.
Emerging market securities markets are typically marked by a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of ownership of such securities by a limited number of investors. In addition, brokerage and other costs associated with transactions in emerging markets securities markets can be higher, sometimes significantly, than similar costs incurred in securities markets in developed countries. Although some emerging markets have become more established and tend to issue securities of higher credit quality, the markets for securities in other emerging countries are in the earliest stages of their development, and these countries issue securities across the credit spectrum. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in emerging countries may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the securities markets of developed countries. The limited size of many of these securities markets can cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, prices may be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions in these markets. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity of such markets. The limited liquidity of emerging country securities may also affect a Fund's ability to accurately value its portfolio securities or to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so or in order to meet redemption requests.
Many emerging market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Sudden changes in governments may result in policies which are less favorable to investors such as policies designed to expropriate or nationalize “sovereign” assets. Certain emerging market countries in the past have expropriated large amounts of private property, in many cases with little or no compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future.
Investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit a Fund's investment in certain emerging countries and may increase the expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer's outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals.
Many emerging market countries lack the social, political, and economic stability characteristic of the United States. Political instability among emerging market countries can be common and may be caused by an uneven distribution of wealth, social
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unrest, labor strikes, civil wars, and religious oppression. Economic instability in emerging market countries may take the form of: (i) high interest rates; (ii) high levels of inflation, including hyperinflation; (iii) high levels of unemployment or underemployment; (iv) changes in government economic and tax policies, including confiscatory taxation; and (v) imposition of trade barriers.
A Fund's income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the emerging market countries in which it invests, and treaties between the United States and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates.
Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain of these emerging markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions.
In the past, certain governments in emerging market countries have become overly reliant on the international capital markets and other forms of foreign credit to finance large public spending programs, which in the past have caused huge budget deficits. Often, interest payments have become too overwhelming for a government to meet, representing a large percentage of total GDP. These foreign obligations have become the subject of political debate and served as fuel for political parties of the opposition, which pressure the government not to make payments to foreign creditors, but instead to use these funds for, among other things, social programs. Either due to an inability to pay or submission to political pressure, foreign governments have been forced to seek a restructuring of their loan and/or bond obligations, have declared a temporary suspension of interest payments or have defaulted. These events have adversely affected the values of securities issued by foreign governments and corporations domiciled in those countries and have negatively affected not only their cost of borrowing, but their ability to borrow in the future as well.
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities.  An investment in any of the Funds involves risks similar to those of investing in portfolios of equity securities traded on non-U.S. exchanges. These risks include market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices. Investing in securities issued by issuers domiciled in countries other than the domicile of the investor and denominated in currencies other than an investor’s local currency entails certain considerations and risks not typically encountered by the investor in making investments in its home country and in that country’s currency. These considerations include favorable or unfavorable changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations and the costs that may be incurred in connection with conversions between various currencies. Investing in any of the Funds also involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in a fund whose portfolio contains exclusively securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include generally less liquid and less efficient securities markets; generally greater price volatility; less publicly available information about issuers; the imposition of withholding or other taxes; the imposition of restrictions on the expatriation of funds or other assets of the Funds; higher transaction and custody costs; delays and risks attendant in settlement procedures; difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations; lower liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization; different accounting and disclosure standards; lower levels of regulation of the securities markets; more substantial government interference with the economy; higher rates of inflation; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty; the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets; and the risk of war.
The United States and the European Union (the “EU”) have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian individuals and a financial institution. The United States or the EU could also institute broader sanctions on Russia. These sanctions, or even the threat of further sanctions, may result in the decline of the value and liquidity of Russian securities, a weakening of the ruble or other adverse consequences to the Russian economy. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities, impairing the ability of iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI ACWI ETF, iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF, iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF and iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities. Sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector.  Companies engaged in the design, production or distribution of products or services for the consumer discretionary sector (including, without limitation, television and radio broadcasting, manufacturing, publishing, recording and musical instruments, motion pictures, photography, amusement and theme parks, gaming casinos, sporting goods and sports arenas, camping and recreational equipment, toys and games, apparel, travel-related services, automobiles, hotels and motels, and fast food and other restaurants) are subject to the risk that their products or services may become obsolete quickly. The success of these companies can depend heavily on disposable
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household income and consumer spending. During periods of an expanding economy, the consumer discretionary sector may outperform the consumer staples sector, but may underperform when economic conditions worsen. Moreover, the consumer discretionary sector can be significantly affected by several factors, including, without limitation, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange rates, changing consumer preferences, demographics, marketing campaigns, cyclical revenue generation, consumer confidence, commodity price volatility, labor relations, interest rates, import and export controls, intense competition, technological developments and government regulation.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector.  Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by changes in the global economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics and consumer preferences, and production spending. Companies in the consumer staples sector may also be affected by changes in global economic, environmental and political events, economic conditions, the depletion of resources, and government regulation. For instance, government regulations may affect the permissibility of using various food additives and production methods of companies that make food products, which could affect company profitability. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by the adoption of proposed legislation and/or by litigation. Companies in the consumer staples sector also may be subject to risks pertaining to the supply of, demand for and prices of raw materials. The prices of raw materials fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, changes in government agricultural support programs, exchange rates, import and export controls, changes in international agricultural and trading policies, and seasonal and weather conditions. Companies in the consumer staples sector may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability.
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector.  Companies in the energy sector are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, energy supply and demand, government regulations and policies, energy production and conservation efforts, technological change, and other factors that a company cannot control. These companies may also lack resources and have limited business lines. The energy sector is cyclical and is highly dependent on commodity prices; prices and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to, among other things, national and international political changes, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the key energy-consuming countries.
Companies in the energy sector may be adversely affected by terrorism, natural disasters or other catastrophes. Companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property, pollution or other environmental damage claims. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. Significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. Additionally, the Middle East, where many companies in the energy sector may operate, has historically and recently seen widespread social unrest.
Companies in the energy sector may also be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, negative perception, efforts at energy conservation and world events in the regions in which the companies operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Because a significant portion of revenues of companies in this sector are derived from a relatively small number of customers that are largely composed of governmental entities and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on the stock prices of companies in this sector. The energy sector is highly regulated. Entities operating in the energy sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation can change rapidly or over time in both scope and intensity. Stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would likely increase compliance costs and may materially adversely affect the financial performance of companies in the energy sector.
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector.  Companies in the financials sector include regional and money center banks, securities brokerage firms, asset management companies, savings banks and thrift institutions, specialty finance companies (e.g., credit card, mortgage providers), insurance and insurance brokerage firms, financial conglomerates and foreign banking and financial companies. The global financial markets have experienced very difficult conditions and volatility as well as significant adverse trends. The conditions in these markets have resulted in a decrease in availability of corporate credit, capital and liquidity and have led indirectly to the insolvency, closure or acquisition of a number of financial institutions. These conditions have also contributed to consolidation within the financial industry. In addition, the global financial industry
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has been materially and adversely affected by a significant decline in the value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and by the sovereign debt crisis. The prospects of many financial companies are questionable and continue to evolve as financial companies revise their outlooks and write down assets that they hold.
Most financial companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which limits their activities and may affect their ability to earn a profit from a given line of business. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financials sector, including effects not intended by the regulation. Direct governmental intervention in the operations of financial companies and financial markets may materially and adversely affect the companies in which a Fund invests, including legislation in many countries that may increase government regulation, repatriation and other intervention. The impact of governmental intervention and legislative changes on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The valuation of financial companies has been and continues to be subject to unprecedented volatility and may be influenced by unpredictable factors, including interest rate risk and sovereign debt default. Certain financial businesses are subject to intense competitive pressures, including market share and price competition. Financial companies in foreign countries are subject to market specific and general regulatory and interest rate concerns. In particular, government regulation in certain foreign countries may include taxes and controls on interest rates, credit availability, minimum capital requirements, ban on short sales, prices and currency transfers.
The profitability of banks, savings and loan associations and financial companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change; for instance, when interest rates go up, the value of securities issued by many types of companies in the financials sector generally goes down. In other words, financial companies may be adversely affected in certain market cycles, including, without limitation, during periods of rising interest rates, which may restrict the availability and increase the cost of capital, and during periods of declining economic conditions, which may cause, among other things, credit losses due to financial difficulties of borrowers.
In addition, general economic conditions are important to the operations of these companies, and financial difficulties of borrowers may have an adverse effect on the profitability of financial companies. Financial companies can be highly dependent upon access to capital markets and any impediments to such access, such as adverse overall economic conditions or a negative perception in the capital markets of a financial company’s financial condition or prospects, could adversely affect its business. Deterioration of credit markets, as experienced in 2008 and 2009, can have an adverse impact on a broad range of financial markets, causing certain financial companies to incur large losses. In these conditions, companies in the financials sector may experience significant declines in the valuation of their assets, take actions to raise capital and even cease operations. Some financial companies may also be required to accept or borrow significant amounts of capital from government sources and may face future government imposed restrictions on their businesses or increased government intervention. In addition, there is no guarantee that governments will provide any such relief in the future. These actions may cause the securities of many companies in the financials sector to decline in value.
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector.  Companies in the healthcare sector are often issuers whose profitability may be affected by extensive government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising or falling costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure, an increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and other market developments. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection and the actual or perceived safety and efficiency of their products.
Patents have a limited duration and, upon expiration, other companies may market substantially similar “generic” products that are typically sold at a lower price than the patented product, causing the original developer of the product to lose market share and/or reduce the price charged for the product, resulting in lower profits for the original developer. As a result, the expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.
In addition, because the products and services of many companies in the healthcare sector affect the health and well-being of many individuals, these companies are especially susceptible to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the healthcare sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly, resulting in increased development costs, delayed cost recovery and loss of competitive advantage to the extent that rival companies have developed competing products or procedures, adversely affecting the company’s revenues and profitability. In other words, delays in the regulatory approval process may diminish the opportunity for a company to profit from a new product or to bring a new product to market, which could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Healthcare companies may also be strongly affected by scientific biotechnology or
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technological developments and their products may quickly become obsolete. Also, many healthcare companies offer products and services that are subject to governmental regulation and may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies or laws. Legislation introduced or considered by certain governments on any individual healthcare company or on the healthcare sector as a whole cannot be predicted. These laws and proposals span a wide range of topics, including cost control, national health insurance, incentives for compensation in the provision of healthcare services, tax incentives and penalties related to healthcare insurance premiums, and promotion of prepaid healthcare plans. No one can predict what proposals will be enacted or what potentially adverse effect they may have on healthcare-related or biotechnology-related companies.
Additionally, the expansion of facilities by healthcare related providers is subject to “determinations of need” by certain government authorities. This process not only increases the time and costs involved in these expansions, but also makes expansion plans uncertain, limiting the revenue and profitability growth potential of healthcare related facilities operators and negatively affecting the prices of their securities. Moreover, in recent years both local and national governmental budgets have come under pressure to reduce spending and control healthcare costs, which could both adversely affect regulatory processes and public funding available for healthcare products, services and facilities.
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector.  The value of securities issued by companies in the industrials sector may be affected by supply and demand both for their specific products or services and for industrials sector products in general. The products of manufacturing companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Government regulations, world events and economic conditions affect the performance of companies in the industrials sector. The industrials sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced by unpredictable factors. For example, commodity price declines and unit volume reductions resulting from an over-supply of materials used in the industrials sector can adversely affect the sector. Furthermore, companies in the industrials sector may be subject to liability for environmental damage, product liability claims, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control.
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector.  Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Like other technology companies, information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the information technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses. These risks are heightened for information technology companies in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector.  Companies in the materials sector may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, technical progress, labor relations and government regulations, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control, among other factors. Also, companies in the materials sector are at risk of liability for environmental damage and product liability claims. Production of materials may exceed demand as a result of market imbalances or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns. These risks are heightened for companies in the materials sector located in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector.  The telecommunications sector of an economy is often subject to extensive government regulation. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failure to receive required regulatory approvals, or the enactment of new regulatory requirements may negatively affect the business of telecommunications companies. Government actions around the world, specifically in the area of pre-marketing clearance of products and prices, can be arbitrary and unpredictable. Companies in the telecommunications sector may experience distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in formulating new products and services using new technology. Technological innovations may make the products and
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services of certain telecommunications companies obsolete. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the telecommunications sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector.  Investments in utility companies involve special considerations, including the risk of changing commodity prices, government regulation stipulating rates charged by utilities, increased tariffs, changes in tax laws, interest rate fluctuations and changes in the cost of providing specific utility services. The utilities industry is also subject to potential terrorist attacks, natural disasters and severe weather conditions, as well as regulatory and operational burdens associated with the operation and maintenance of nuclear facilities. Government regulators monitor and control utility revenues and costs, and therefore may limit utility profits. In certain countries, regulatory authorities may also restrict a company’s access to new markets, thereby diminishing the company’s long-term prospects.
There are substantial differences among the regulatory practices and policies of various jurisdictions, and any regulatory agency may make major shifts in policy from time to time. There is no assurance that regulatory authorities will, in the future, grant rate increases or that such increases will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on common stocks issued by a utility company. Additionally, existing and possible future regulatory legislation may make it even more difficult for utilities to obtain adequate relief. Certain of the issuers of securities held in a Fund's portfolio may own or operate nuclear generating facilities. Governmental authorities may from time to time review existing policies and impose additional requirements governing the licensing, construction and operation of nuclear power plants. Prolonged changes in climate conditions can also have a significant impact on both the revenues of an electric and gas utility as well as the expenses of a utility, particularly a hydro-based electric utility.
The rates that traditional regulated utility companies may charge their customers generally are subject to review and limitation by governmental regulatory commissions. Rate changes may occur only after a prolonged approval period or may not occur at all, which could adversely affect earnings and dividends when costs are rising. The value of regulated utility debt securities (and, to a lesser extent, equity securities) tends to have an inverse relationship to the movement of interest rates. Certain utility companies have experienced full or partial deregulation in recent years. These utility companies are frequently more similar to industrial companies in that they are subject to greater competition and have been permitted by regulators to diversify outside of their original geographic regions and their traditional lines of business. As a result, some companies may be forced to defend their core business and may be less profitable.
Treaty/Tax Risk. Each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF operate, in part, through the Subsidiaries, which in turn invest in securities of Indian issuers. At this time, the Subsidiaries should be eligible to take advantage of the benefits of the Double Tax Avoidance Agreement between India and Mauritius (“DTAA”). Numerous investors have relied on the benefits of the DTAA to invest in India through Mauritius in the past. However, in the past 10-15 years a number of parties have challenged the DTAA or the interpretation of the DTAA. Circular 789, issued on April 13, 2000 by the Indian Central Board of Direct Taxes (“CBDT”), clarifies that whenever the Mauritius revenue authorities have issued a certificate of tax residence, such certificate would constitute sufficient evidence for accepting the status of residence of Mauritius tax residents for purposes of applying the provisions of the DTAA. The Supreme Court of India in 2003 subsequently held and declared Circular 789 to be valid following litigation regarding Circular 789. As of the date of this SAI, Circular 789 is still valid and in force.
However, recently issued rulings suggest that the Indian tax administration’s analysis may have changed, and that the tax authorities may now focus on a number of factors when assessing whether a foreign entity is eligible for the benefit of the provisions of a tax treaty, including, among others, the place of management of the foreign resident company and the level of substance in the jurisdiction in which it is incorporated. In addition, both the Indian tax administration and Indian courts seem now to be taking aggressive efforts to challenge structures involving offshore funds investing directly or indirectly in India, in particular those from Mauritius. Further, the Finance Act, 2013 (“FA 13”) provides that an investor is required to submit the tax residency certificate (“TRC”) as issued in the country of residence and provide other documents and information as prescribed by the Government of India to claim benefits under the DTAA.
It is possible that the governments of India and Mauritius may renegotiate the terms of the DTAA to include, among other things, a limitation of benefit clause. No assurance can be given that the terms of the DTAA will not be renegotiated or subject to a different interpretation in the future. Any change in the provisions of the DTAA or in its applicability to the
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Subsidiaries could result in the imposition of withholding and capital gains taxes and other taxes on the Subsidiaries by tax authorities in India. This could significantly reduce the return to each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF on its investments and the return received by each Fund’s shareholders.
Indian Tax Risk. In 2010, it was proposed that the Income Tax Act (“IT Act”) may be replaced with the Direct Taxes Code. The Parliamentary Standing Committee released its comments on the draft Direct Taxes Code on March 9, 2012, which is under consideration by the Government of India. The revised Direct Taxes Code is yet to be tabled before the Parliament to reconsider.
Given the delay in enacting the Direct Taxes Code, the Government of India, through the Finance Act 2012 (“FA 12”), which was enacted on May 28, 2012, had introduced certain key changes to the existing tax framework in India. FA 12 has provisions that impose Indian tax and withholding obligations with respect to the transfer of shares in an overseas company that derives its value substantially from assets situated in India (“indirect transfers”). Because certain Funds invest in Indian securities through Subsidiaries, this legislation by its terms subjects shareholder redemptions of Fund shares and sales of Fund investments to Indian tax and withholding obligations, both prospectively as well as retroactively. However, the CBDT issued a letter on May 29, 2012 clarifying the reopening of completed assessments as a result of the retrospective amendments introduced by the Finance Act. Under this letter, CBDT has directed Indian tax authorities to not reopen any assessment proceedings that were completed before April 1, 2012 and where no notice for reassessment has been issued prior to that date. It has also been clarified that any assessment or any other order which stands validated due to the amendments in the Finance Act would be enforced. Given this clarification issued by the CBDT, certain Funds do not expect that their respective shareholders or each Fund will become subject to tax or to withholding obligations with respect to completed assessments.
An Expert Committee formed by Government of India was constituted to examine the implications of the above amendment, which provides for taxing indirect transfer of Indian assets in India. Based on the consultations received from stakeholders, the Expert Committee in its report has recommended that the above deemed provisions should not apply in the following cases:
where a non-resident investor has made any investment, directly or indirectly, in a Foreign Institutional Investor (“FII”) which has invested in India;
investment by the non-resident investor in a fund or a fund pooling vehicle, which do not result in participation in control and management of the fund;
where a non-resident investor along with its associates, does not have more than 26% share in total capital of the company.
Accordingly, the Expert Committee has recommended that the non-resident will not be taxable in India in relation to investments made by the Fund/ FII in India in the above situations.
The Expert Committee has also recommended that amendments should be applied prospectively and not retrospectively.
If the recommendations made by the Expert Committee are accepted by the Government of India then the non-resident shareholders of the Fund/ Subsidiary would not be taxed in India on indirect transfer of shares.
However, the above amendment does not override the provisions of DTAA which India has entered into with many countries. Hence, if the non-resident investor in the Fund is situated in a favorable tax jurisdiction (such as Mauritius, Singapore, etc.), then capital gains on such indirect transfer may not be chargeable to tax in view of the DTAA entered into between India and respective countries.
In addition, FA 12 had introduced the general tax anti-avoidance rules (“GAAR”) to curb aggressive tax planning with the use of sophisticated structures and was to be effective from April 1, 2013. Based on recommendations of the Expert Committee on GAAR established by the Government of India, FA 13 (which was enacted on May 10, 2013) has deferred the implementation of GAAR by two years and has also made some changes to the provisions of GAAR. GAAR would be now effective from financial year beginning from April 1, 2015 onwards.
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As per the current provisions of GAAR, an arrangement entered into by a taxpayer may be declared to be an impermissible avoidance arrangement, if the ‘main purpose’ of the arrangement is to obtain a ‘tax benefit’ and the arrangement:
creates rights, or obligations, which are not ordinarily created between persons dealing at arm's length;
results, directly or indirectly, in the misuse, or abuse, of the provisions of IT Act;
lacks commercial substance; or
is entered into, or carried out, by means, or in a manner, which are not ordinarily employed for bona fide purposes.
Once an arrangement is declared to be an impermissible avoidance arrangement, wide powers have been granted to tax authorities to deny tax treaty benefits, disregard or re-characterize transactions, re-characterize equity into debt and vice versa.
Further, certain recommendations of the Expert Committee were accepted by the Government of India vide Press Release dated January 14, 2013 but the same have not been incorporated in the legislation. This includes a provision for grandfathering of existing investments, minimum monetary threshold of 30 million Indian Rupees tax benefit for invoking GAAR, non-application of GAAR to non-resident investors of the FIIs and FIIs who do not take benefits under DTAAs, etc. Also, the Expert Committee has recommended that where Circular No. 789 of 2000 with respect to Mauritius is applicable, GAAR provisions shall not apply to examine the genuineness of the residency of an entity set up in Mauritius. However, the Indian Government has not given any comment either accepting or rejecting the aforesaid recommendation on acceptability of Circular No. 789 of 2000 vis-à-vis GAAR.
If the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF's, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF's or iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF's use of the Subsidiary was considered to be such an impermissible avoidance arrangement, the Funds would become subject directly to taxation in India. GAAR is expected to come into force from April 2013. The burden of proof in enforcing the rule will reside with the Indian government, not the taxpayer, and India’s current double tax treaty arrangements will remain in force. However, GAAR may prevent the Funds from realizing the planned tax benefits of the Subsidiaries, irrespective of existing beneficial treaty provisions, may lead to the imposition of tax liabilities and withholding obligations, and may lead the Funds to modify or disassemble their Subsidiaries structure.
Provisions of the current legislation and the Direct Taxes Code (if enacted), could change the manner in which Subsidiaries are currently taxed in India and could adversely impact the returns to each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF/Subsidiaries and their shareholders. Each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF will continue to monitor developments in India with respect to these matters. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to their own tax situations and the tax consequences of an investment in each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF.
Proxy Voting Policy
The Trust has adopted proxy voting policies for each Fund that incorporate and amplify the proxy voting guidelines of BFA, the investment adviser to each Fund. The Trust has delegated to BFA the responsibility for voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by each Fund. The remainder of this section discusses each Fund’s proxy voting guidelines and BFA’s role in implementing such guidelines.
BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies for each Fund in a manner that BFA, in the exercise of its independent business judgment, concludes is in the best economic interests of such Fund. In some cases, BFA may determine that it is in the best economic interests of a Fund to refrain from exercising the Fund’s proxy voting rights (such as, for example, proxies on certain non-U.S. securities that might impose costly or time-consuming in-person voting requirements). With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, BFA’s approach is also driven by each Fund's economic interests.
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The evaluation of the economic desirability of recalling loans involves balancing the revenue-producing value of loans against the likely economic value of casting votes. Based on our evaluation of this relationship, we believe that the likely economic value of casting a vote generally is less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by BFA recalling loaned securities in order to ensure they are voted. Periodically, BFA analyzes the process and benefits of voting proxies for securities on loan, and will consider whether any modification of its proxy voting policies or procedures are necessary in light of any regulatory changes. BFA will normally vote on specific proxy issues in accordance with its proxy voting guidelines. BFA’s proxy voting guidelines provide detailed guidance as to how to vote proxies on certain important or commonly raised issues. BFA may, in the exercise of its business judgment, conclude that the proxy voting guidelines do not cover the specific matter upon which a proxy vote is requested, or that an exception to the proxy voting guidelines would be in the best economic interests of a Fund. BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of such issuer) to a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates, or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates. When voting proxies, BFA attempts to encourage issuers to follow practices that enhance shareholder value and increase transparency and allow the market to place a proper value on their assets. With respect to certain specific issues:
Each Fund generally supports the board’s nominees in the election of directors and generally supports proposals that strengthen the independence of boards of directors;
Where a director has committed himself or herself to service on more than four public company boards (but no more than six public company boards in most circumstances), a Fund will consider such director’s individual circumstances in determining whether the director will be able to commit sufficient focus and time to a particular company;
Each Fund generally defers to an issuer’s choice of auditors so long as the corporate auditors represent the interests of shareholders and provide an independent view of the propriety of financial reporting decisions of management;
Each Fund generally favors disclosure of a company’s compensation and benefits policies and opposes excessive compensation, but believes that compensation matters are normally best determined by a company’s board of directors;
Each Fund generally expects to support capital structure requests that it believes enhance the rights of common shareholders and oppose requests that appear to be unreasonably dilutive;
Each Fund generally does not support proposals on social issues that lack a demonstrable economic benefit to the issuer and the Fund investing in such issuer; and
Each Fund generally votes against anti-takeover proposals and proposals that would create additional barriers or costs to corporate transactions that are likely to deliver a premium to shareholders.
BFA maintains institutional policies and procedures that are designed to prevent any relationship between the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of the issuer) and a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates (if any) or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates, from having undue influence on BFA’s proxy voting activity. In certain instances, BFA may determine to engage an independent fiduciary to vote proxies as a further safeguard against potential conflicts of interest or as otherwise required by applicable law. The independent fiduciary may either vote such proxies or provide BFA with instructions as to how to vote such proxies. In the latter case, BFA votes the proxy in accordance with the independent fiduciary’s determination.
Information with respect to how BFA voted proxies relating to the Funds' portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30 will be available: (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or through the Funds' website at www.iShares.com; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio holdings information that requires that such information be disclosed in a manner that: (i) is consistent with applicable legal requirements and in the best interests of each Fund’s shareholders; (ii) does not put the interests of BFA, the Distributor or any affiliated person of BFA or the Distributor, above those of Fund shareholders; (iii) does not advantage any current or prospective Fund shareholders over any other current or prospective Fund shareholders, except to the extent that certain Entities (as described below) may receive portfolio holdings information not available to other current or prospective Fund shareholders in connection with the
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dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units, as discussed below, and certain information may be provided to personnel of BFA and its affiliates who manage funds that invest a significant percentage of their assets in shares of the Fund for the purpose of facilitating risk management and hedging activities; and (iv) does not provide selective access to portfolio holdings information except pursuant to the procedures outlined below and to the extent appropriate confidentiality arrangements limiting the use of such information are in effect. The “Entities” referred to in sub-section (iii) above are generally limited to National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) members, subscribers to various fee-based subscription services, large institutional investors (known as “Authorized Participants”) that have been authorized by the Distributor to purchase and redeem large blocks of shares pursuant to legal requirements and market makers and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information or transactional services.
Each business day, each Fund's portfolio holdings information will be provided to the Distributor or other agent for dissemination through the facilities of the NSCC and/or other fee-based subscription services to NSCC members and/or subscribers to those other fee-based subscription services, including market makers and Authorized Participants, and to entities that publish and/or analyze such information in connection with the process of purchasing or redeeming Creation Units or trading shares of the Funds in the secondary market or evaluating such potential transactions. This information typically reflects each Fund’s anticipated holdings on the following business day.
Daily access to information concerning the Funds' portfolio holdings is permitted (i) to certain personnel of those service providers that are involved in portfolio management and providing administrative, operational, risk management, or other support to portfolio management; and (ii) to other personnel of the Funds' investment adviser and the Distributor and their affiliates, and the administrator, custodian and fund accountant who deal directly with or assist in, functions related to investment management, distribution, administration, custody, securities lending and fund accounting, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with agreements with the Funds and the terms of the Funds' current registration statement. In addition, each Fund discloses its portfolio holdings and the percentages they represent of the Fund's net assets at least monthly, and as often as each day the Fund is open for business, at www.iShares.com. More information about this disclosure is available at www.iShares.com.
Portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds in the ordinary course of business after it has been disseminated to the NSCC. From time to time, information concerning portfolio holdings other than portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds, including rating or ranking organizations, in the ordinary course of business, no earlier than one business day following the date of the information.
Each Fund will disclose its complete portfolio holdings schedule in public filings with the SEC within 70 days after the end of each fiscal quarter and will provide that information to shareholders as required by federal securities laws and regulations thereunder. A Fund may, however, voluntarily disclose all or part of its portfolio holdings other than in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, in advance of required filings with the SEC, provided that such information is made generally available to all shareholders and other interested parties in a manner that is consistent with the above policy for disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Such information may be made available through a publicly-available website or other means that make the information available to all likely interested parties contemporaneously.
The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information pursuant to the above policy and procedures.
The Board reviews the policy and procedures for disclosure of portfolio holdings information at least annually.
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes
Descriptions of the Underlying Indexes are provided below.
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The FTSE Global Equity Index Series
FTSE Developed Small Cap ex-North America Index
Number of Components: approximately 1918
Index Description. The FTSE Developed Small Cap ex-North America Index is market capitalization weighted and measures the stock performance of small-capitalization companies in developed countries outside of North America. As of the close of business on June 30, 2013, the Underlying Index had a total market capitalization of approximately $1,107,242. The Underlying Index is calculated with dividends reinvested.
Index Criteria & Methodology. Small-cap equity securities issued outside of North America are generally eligible for the Underlying Index. Exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) and open-end mutual fund companies, whose share price is a direct derivation of the values of underlying holdings, are excluded. Equity securities listed on a stock exchange or market recognized by FTSE are eligible for inclusion but preferred stocks, hybrid securities, and other similar securities are excluded by FTSE. In determining country allocations, FTSE normally allocates a company to the country in which it is incorporated and listed at the time of the company’s listing. However, FTSE reserves the right to defer or change an allocation decision. Eligible securities are required to meet liquidity measures determined by FTSE, including minimum trading volumes and overall and free-float market capitalization amounts.
Index Maintenance and Issue Changes. Regional FTSE committees are responsible for undertaking review of the Underlying Index and for approving changes in constituents in the Underlying Index.
Index Availability. The Underlying Index is calculated in real-time and generally published throughout the business day, and distributed primarily through international data vendors. Daily values are also made available to major newspapers and can be found at the FTSE website. The Underlying Index generally uses real-time trade prices for securities and currency spot rates. The Underlying Index is not calculated on January 1 or December 25.
Currency and Exchange Rates. The Underlying Index is published and calculated using trading values (real-time throughout the day and closing values at the end of the day) and WM/Reuters Closing Spot Rates for currency values.
The MSCI Indexes
The MSCI indexes were founded in 1969 by Capital International S.A. as the first international performance benchmarks constructed to facilitate accurate comparison of world markets. The MSCI single country standard equity indexes have covered the world's developed markets since 1969 and in 1987 MSCI commenced coverage of emerging markets.
Local stock exchanges traditionally calculated their own indexes, which were generally not comparable with one another due to differences in the representation of the local market, mathematical formulas, base dates and methods of adjusting for capital changes. MSCI, however, applies the same calculation methodology to all markets for all single country standard equity indexes, both developed and emerging.
MSCI's Global Investable Market Indexes (the “MSCI GIMI”) provide exhaustive coverage and non-overlapping market segmentation by market capitalization size and by style. The MSCI GIMI intends to target approximately 99% coverage of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in each market of large-, mid- and small-cap securities.
MSCI Global Standard Indexes cover all investable large- and mid-cap securities by including approximately 85% of each market's free float-adjusted market capitalization.
MSCI Global Small Cap Indexes provide coverage to all companies with a market capitalization below that of the companies in the MSCI Global Standard Indexes by including above and beyond the coverage of the MSCI Global Standard Indexes.
MSCI Global Investable Market Indexes
Selection Criteria. MSCI's index construction process involves: (i) defining the equity universe; (ii) determining the market investable equity universe for each market; (iii) determining market capitalization size segments for each market; (iv) applying final size segment investability requirements; and (v) applying index continuity rules for the MSCI Global Standard Index.
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Defining the Equity Universe. MSCI begins with securities listed in countries in the MSCI GIMI. Of these countries, as of June 28, 2013, 24 are classified as developed markets, 21 as emerging markets, and 25 as frontier markets. All listed equity securities and listed securities that exhibit characteristics of equity securities, except mutual funds, exchange traded funds, equity derivatives, limited partnerships and most investment trusts, are eligible for inclusion in the equity universe. Real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) in some countries and certain income trusts in Canada are also eligible for inclusion. Each company and its securities (i.e., share classes) are classified in only one country.
Determining the Market Investable Equity Universe for Each Market. The equity universe in any market is derived by applying investability screens to individual companies and securities in the equity universe of that market. Some investability requirements are applied at the individual security level and some at the overall company level, represented by the aggregation of individual securities of the company. As a result, the inclusion or exclusion of one security does not imply the automatic inclusion or exclusion of other securities of the same company.
Determining Market Capitalization Size Segments for Each Market. In each market, MSCI creates an Investable Market Index, Standard Index, Large Cap Index, Mid Cap Index and Small Cap Index. The MSCI Global Standard Index is the aggregation of the Large Cap Index and Mid Cap Index. The MSCI GIMI is the aggregation of the MSCI Global Standard Index and MSCI Global Small Cap Index. In order to create size components that can be meaningfully aggregated into composites, individual market size segments balance the following two objectives:
Achieving global size integrity by ensuring that companies of comparable and relevant sizes are included in a given size segment across all markets in a composite index; and
Achieving consistent market coverage by ensuring that each market's size segment is represented in its proportional weight in the composite universe.
Applying Final Size Segment Investability Requirements. In order to enhance replicability of the indexes, additional size segment investability requirements are set for the MSCI GIMI and MSCI Global Standard Index. These investability requirements include minimum free float-adjusted market capitalization, minimum liquidity, minimum foreign limits and minimum length of trading.
Applying Index Continuity Rules for the Standard Index. In order to achieve index continuity as well as provide some basic level of diversification within a market index, notwithstanding the effect of other index construction rules contained herein, a minimum number of five constituents will be maintained for a developed market Standard Index and a minimum number of three constituents will be maintained for an emerging market Standard Index.
Weighting. All indexes of the MSCI GIMI are free float weighted, i.e., companies are included in the indexes at the value of their free public float (free float multiplied by security price).
Regional Weights. Market capitalization weighting, combined with a consistent target of approximately 99% of free float-adjusted market capitalization, helps ensure that each country's weight in regional and international indexes approximates its weight in the total universe of developing and emerging markets. A market is equivalent to a single country except for developed Europe, where all markets are aggregated into a single market for index construction purposes. Individual country indexes of the European developed markets are derived from the constituents of the MSCI GIMI Europe Index.
Free Float. MSCI defines the free float of a security as the proportion of shares outstanding that are deemed to be available for purchase in the public equity markets by international investors. In practice, limitations on free float available to international investors include: (i) strategic and other shareholdings not considered part of available free float; and (ii) limits on share ownership for foreigners.
Under MSCI's free float-adjustment methodology, a constituent's inclusion factor is equal to its estimated free float rounded-up to the closest 5% for constituents with free float equal to or exceeding 15%. For example, a constituent security with a free float of 23.2% will be included in the index at 25% of its market capitalization. For securities with a free float of less than 15%, the estimated free float is adjusted to the nearest 1%.
Price and Exchange Rates
Prices. The prices used to calculate all MSCI indexes are the official exchange closing prices or those figures accepted as such. MSCI reserves the right to use an alternative pricing source on any given day.
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Exchange Rates. Since July 2000, MSCI uses the WM/Reuters Closing Spot Rates taken at 4:00 p.m. London time. In case WM/Reuters does not provide rates for specific markets on given days (for example, Christmas Day and New Year's Day), the previous business day's rates are normally used. MSCI independently monitors the exchange rates on all its indexes. MSCI may under exceptional circumstances elect to use alternative sources of exchange rates if the WM/Reuters rates are not available, or if MSCI determines that the WM/Reuters rates are not reflective of market circumstances for a given currency on a particular day. In such circumstances, an announcement would be sent to clients with the related information. If appropriate, MSCI may conduct a consultation with the investment community to gather feedback on the most relevant exchange rate.
Changes to the Indexes. The MSCI GIMI is maintained with the objective of reflecting, on a timely basis, the evolution of the underlying equity markets. In maintaining the MSCI indexes, emphasis is also placed on continuity, replicability and minimizing turnover in the indexes. Maintaining the MSCI indexes involves many aspects, including (i) additions to, and deletions from, the indexes; (ii) changes in number of shares; and (iii) changes in inclusion factors as a result of updated free float estimates.
Index maintenance can be described by three broad categories of changes:
Semi-Annual Index Reviews (“SAIRs”), conducted on a fixed semi-annual timetable that systematically reassess the various dimensions of the equity universe for all markets;
Quarterly Index Reviews (“QIRs”), aimed at promptly reflecting other significant market events; and
Ongoing event-related changes, such as mergers, acquisitions, spin-offs, bankruptcies, reorganizations and other similar corporate events, which generally are implemented in the indexes as they occur.
Potential changes in the status of countries (stand-alone, frontier, emerging and developed) follow their own implementation time tables.
MSCI conducts SAIRs generally as of the close of the last business day of May and November. During the SAIRs, MSCI updates the investable equity universe and reassesses size segmentation investability requirements. MSCI also conducts QIRs generally as of the close of the last business day of February and August. During the QIRs, MSCI reflects changes in the index that were not captured at the time of their actual occurrence, but are significant enough to be included before the next SAIR. The results of the SAIR and QIR are generally announced at least ten business days in advance of implementation.
MSCI 25/50 Indexes
Each of the MSCI 25/50 Indexes (the “25/50 Indexes”) is a sub-index of either an MSCI Global Standard Index or an MSCI GIMI. Their construction reflects the diversification requirements applicable to RICs pursuant to Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. The 25/50 Indexes are free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted indexes with a capping methodology applied to issuer weights so that no single issuer of a component exceeds 25% of index weight and all issuers with a weight above 5% do not exceed 50% of the index weight. A software application called the Barra Optimizer is utilized to calculate the capped index weights through an optimization function which is aimed at minimizing index turnover, tracking error and extreme deviation from the uncapped index.
MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI
Number of Components: approximately 6,010
Index Description. The MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI captures large, mid and small capitalization representation across 23 of 24 developed market countries (excluding the United States) and 21 emerging market countries. With 6,010 constituents, the Underlying Index covers approximately 98% of the global equity opportunity set outside the United States.
Calculation Methodology. The iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF utilizes the Underlying Index calculated with net dividends reinvested. Net dividends means dividends after taxes withheld at the rate applicable to holders of the underlying stock that are resident in Luxembourg. Such withholding rates may differ from those applicable to U.S. residents.
MSCI ACWI ex USA Index
Number of Components: approximately 1,823
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Index Description. The MSCI ACWI ex USA Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index designed to measure the combined equity market performance of developed and emerging markets countries, excluding the United States.
Calculation Methodology. The iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF utilizes the Underlying Index calculated with net dividends reinvested. Net dividends means dividends after taxes withheld at the rate applicable to holders of the underlying stock that are resident in Luxembourg. Such withholding rates may differ from those applicable to U.S. residents.
MSCI ACWI
Number of Components: approximately 2,424
Index Description. The MSCI ACWI is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index designed to measure the combined equity market performance of developed and emerging markets countries.
Calculation Methodology. The iShares MSCI ACWI ETF utilizes the Underlying Index calculated with net dividends reinvested. Net dividends means dividends after taxes withheld at the rate applicable to holders of the underlying stock that are resident in Luxembourg. Such withholding rates may differ from those applicable to U.S. residents.
MSCI AC Asia ex Japan Index
Number of Components: approximately 612
Index Description. As of August 31, 2013, the MSCI AC Asia ex Japan Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index designed to measure equity performance of the following 10 developed and emerging market countries or regions: China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand.
MSCI AC Asia ex Japan Small Cap Index
Number of Components: approximately 1,648
Index Description. The MSCI AC Asia ex Japan Small Cap Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities of small capitalization companies in developed and emerging market countries in Asia, excluding Japan. Free-float market capitalization is calculated by taking the security's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market rather than the total number of shares outstanding.
MSCI AC Asia Information Technology Index
Number of Components: approximately 106
Index Description. The MSCI AC Asia Information Technology Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted index designed to measure the combined equity market performance of companies in the information technology sector of developed and emerging market countries in Asia. Free-float market capitalization is calculated by taking the security's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market rather than the total number of shares outstanding.
MSCI EAFE IMI
Number of Components: approximately 3,064
Index Description. The MSCI EAFE IMI is commonly used as a measure of international stock performance. The Underlying Index captures large-, mid- and small-cap representation across Europe, Australasia and the Far East (EAFE) regions, which is composed of 22 of 24 Developed Markets countries, excluding the United States and Canada. With 3,064 constituents, the Underlying Index is comprehensive, covering approximately 98% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in each country.
Calculation Methodology. The iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF utilizes the Underlying Index calculated with net dividends reinvested. “Net dividends” means dividends after reduction for taxes withheld at the rate applicable to holders of the underlying stock that are resident in Luxembourg. With respect to the Fund, such withholding rates may differ from that applicable to U.S. residents.
The Underlying Index is calculated on a real-time basis and disseminated at regular intervals throughout the day.
MSCI Emerging Markets Financials Index
Number of Components: approximately 197
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Index Description. The MSCI Emerging Markets Financials Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the combined equity market performance of the financials sector of emerging markets countries. Component securities include those of banks, diversified financial companies, insurance companies and real estate companies.
Calculation Methodology. The iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF utilizes the Underlying Index calculated with net dividends reinvested. Net dividends means dividends after taxes withheld at the rate applicable to holders of the underlying stock that are resident in Luxembourg. Such withholding rates may differ from those applicable to U.S. residents.
MSCI Emerging Markets Materials Index
Number of Components: approximately 107
Index Description. The MSCI Emerging Markets Materials Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the combined equity market performance of the materials sector of emerging markets countries. Component securities include those of chemical companies, construction materials companies, containers and packaging companies, metals and mining companies and paper and forest products companies.
Calculation Methodology. The iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF utilizes the Underlying Index calculated with net dividends reinvested. Net dividends means dividends after taxes withheld at the rate applicable to holders of the underlying stock that are resident in Luxembourg. Such withholding rates may differ from those applicable to U.S. residents.
Additional Information. “MSCI,” MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI, MSCI ACWI ex USA Index, MSCI ACWI, MSCI AC Asia ex Japan Index, MSCI AC Asia ex Japan Small Cap Index, MSCI AC Asia Information Technology Index, MSCI EAFE IMI, MSCI Emerging Markets Financials Index and MSCI Emerging Markets Materials Index are servicemarks of MSCI Inc. and have been licensed for use by BFA or its affiliates. The Funds are neither sponsored, endorsed, sold nor promoted by MSCI Inc., and MSCI Inc. makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any of the Funds.
Investment Limitations
Each Fund has adopted its investment objective as a non-fundamental investment policy. Therefore, each Fund may change its investment objective and its Underlying Index without shareholder approval. The Board has adopted as fundamental policies the following numbered investment restrictions, which cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities. A vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a fund meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy and (b) more than 50% of outstanding voting securities of the fund.
Each Fund (other than the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF) will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that the Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities; and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
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4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from investing in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or securities or other instruments backed by real estate or mortgages), or commodities or commodity contracts (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
The iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that the Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that the Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities; and (ii) the Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), the Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue “senior securities” as defined in the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and orders thereunder, except as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules, regulation and orders thereunder.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this restriction shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or securities or other instruments backed by real estate or mortgages), or commodities or commodity contracts (but this restriction shall not prevent the Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including options on currencies to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that the Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies set forth above, each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental policy not to invest in the securities of a company for the purpose of exercising management or control, or purchase or otherwise acquire any illiquid security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, which currently permits up to 15% of each Fund’s net assets to be invested in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment).
BFA monitors the liquidity of restricted securities in each Fund’s portfolio. In reaching liquidity decisions, BFA considers the following factors:
The frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
The number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers;
Dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
The nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace in which it trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer).
If any percentage restriction described above is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in values of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction, except that certain percentage limitations will be observed continuously in accordance with applicable law.
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Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy in accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of the Underlying Index or in Depositary Receipts representing securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund also has adopted a non-fundamental policy to provide its shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior written notice of any change in such policy. If, subsequent to an investment, the 80% requirement is no longer met, a Fund’s future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Fund into compliance with this policy.
Each Fund (except for the iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF) has adopted a non-fundamental limitation such that, under normal market conditions, any borrowings by the Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund's net assets.
Each Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. As a matter of policy, however, a Fund will not purchase shares of any registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust, in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) (the “fund of funds” provisions) of the Investment Company Act, at any time the Fund has knowledge that its shares are purchased by another investment company investor in reliance on the provisions of subparagraph (G) of Section 12(d)(1).
Continuous Offering
The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Funds on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares and sells such shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act must take into account all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.
Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to shares of the Funds are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the 1933 Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the 1933 Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Listing Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Listing Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is available only with respect to transactions on an exchange.
Management
Trustees and Officers.  The Board has responsibility for the overall management and operations of the Funds, including general supervision of the duties performed by BFA and other service providers. Each Trustee serves until he or she resigns, is removed, dies, retires or becomes incapacitated. The President, Chief Compliance Officer, Treasurer and Secretary shall each hold office until their successors are chosen and qualified, and all other officers shall hold office until he or she resigns or is removed. Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust are referred to as independent trustees (“Independent Trustees”).
The registered investment companies advised by BFA or its affiliates are organized into one complex of closed-end funds, two complexes of open-end funds and one complex of exchange-traded funds (“Exchange-Traded Fund Complex”) (each, a “BlackRock Fund Complex”). Each Fund is included in the BlackRock Fund Complex referred to as the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. Each Trustee also serves as a Director of iShares, Inc., a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and a
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Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and, as a result, oversees a total of 300 funds within the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. With the exception of Robert S. Kapito, the address of each Trustee and officer is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. The address of Mr. Kapito is c/o BlackRock, Inc., Park Avenue Plaza, 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055. The Board has designated Robert H. Silver as its Independent Chairman. Additional information about the Funds' Trustees and officers may be found in this SAI, which is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737).
Interested Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert S. Kapito1
(56)
  Trustee
(since 2009).
  President and Director, BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006); Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc. and Head of BlackRock’s Portfolio Management Group (since its formation in 1998) and BlackRock’s predecessor entities (since 1988); Trustee, University of Pennsylvania (since 2009); President of Board of Directors, Hope & Heroes Children’s Cancer Fund (since 2002); President of the Board of Directors, Periwinkle Theatre for Youth (since 1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2009); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006).
Michael Latham2
(48)
  Trustee
(since 2010);
President
(since 2007).
  Chairman of iShares, BlackRock (since 2011); Global Chief Executive Officer of iShares, BlackRock (2010-2011); Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Americas iShares, Barclays Global Investors (“BGI”) (2007-2009); Director and Chief Financial Officer of Barclays Global Investors International, Inc. (2005-2009); Chief Operating Officer of the Intermediary Investor and Exchange-Traded Products Business of BGI (2003-2007).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2010); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).

1 Robert S. Kapito is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc.
2 Michael Latham is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates.
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Independent Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert H. Silver
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2007); Independent Chairman
(since 2012).
  President and Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group, Inc. (since 2006); Director and Vice Chairman of the YMCA of Greater NYC (2001-2011); Broadway Producer (2006-2011); Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. (since 2008); Director and Member of the Audit and Compensation Committee of EPAM Systems, Inc. (2006-2009); President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.) (2003-2005) and various executive positions with UBS and its affiliates (1988-2005); CPA and Audit Manager of KPMG, LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) (1977-1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2007); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Independent Chairman of iShares, Inc., iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2012).
George G.C. Parker
(74)
  Trustee
(since 2000).
  Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (Professor since 1973; Emeritus since 2006).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2002); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Tejon Ranch Company (since 1999); Director of Threshold Pharmaceuticals (since 2004); Director of Colony Financial, Inc. (since 2009); Director of First Republic Bank (since 2010).
John E. Martinez
(52)
  Trustee
(since 2003);
Securities Lending Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.) (since 2005).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2003); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Cecilia H. Herbert
(64)
  Trustee
(since 2005); Nominating and Governance Committee Chair and Equity Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director (since 1998) and President (2007-2011) of the Board of Directors, Catholic Charities CYO; Trustee (2002-2011) and Chair of the Finance and Investment Committee (2006-2010) the Thacher School; Member (since 1994) and Chair (1994-2005) of the Investment Committee, Archdiocese of San Francisco; Trustee and Member of the Investment Committee, WNET, the New York public broadcasting company (since 2011).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Forward Funds (34 portfolios) (since 2009).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Charles A. Hurty
(70)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Audit Committee Chair
(since 2006).
  Retired; Partner, KPMG LLP (1968-2001).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund (1 portfolio) (since 2002); Director of SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (2 portfolios) (since 2002).
John E. Kerrigan
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Fixed Income Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University (since 2002).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Madhav V. Rajan
(49)
  Trustee
(since 2011);
15(c) Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting and Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Head of MBA Program, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (since 2001); Professor of Law (by courtesy), Stanford Law School (since 2005); Visiting Professor, University of Chicago (2007-2008).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2011);
Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2011); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Officers
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Jack Gee
(54)
  Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(since 2008).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Senior Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2009); Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2004-2009).
Eilleen M. Clavere
(61)
  Secretary
(since 2007).
  Director of Global Fund Administration, BlackRock (since 2009); Director of Legal Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2006-2009); Legal Counsel and Vice President of Atlas Funds, Atlas Advisers, Inc. and Atlas Securities, Inc. (2005-2006); Counsel at Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP (2001-2005).
Edward B. Baer
(45)
  Vice President and Chief Legal Officer
(since 2012).
  Managing Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (since 2006); Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (2004-2006).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Scott Radell
(44)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2012).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BGI (2007-2009); Credit Portfolio Manager, BGI (2005-2007); Credit Research Analyst, BGI (2003-2005).
Amy Schioldager
(51)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2007).
  Senior Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Global Head of Index Equity, BGI (2008-2009); Global Head of U.S. Indexing, BGI (2006-2008); Head of Domestic Equity Portfolio Management, BGI (2001-2006).
Ira P. Shapiro
(50)
  Vice President
(since 2007).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Strategic Product Initiatives for iShares (since 2012); Chief Legal Officer, Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (2007-2012); Associate General Counsel, BGI (2004-2009).
The Board has concluded that, based on each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, each Trustee should serve as a Trustee of the Board. Among the attributes common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Funds' investment adviser, other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. A Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively may have been attained through the Trustee’s educational background or professional training; business, consulting, public service or academic positions; experience from service as a Board member of the Funds and the other funds in the Trust (and any predecessor funds), other investment funds, public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. Also, set forth below is a brief discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Trustee that led the Board to conclude that he or she should serve as a Trustee.
Robert Kapito has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2009. Mr. Kapito has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2009, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and a Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2006. In addition, he has over 20 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Mr. Kapito serves as President and Director of BlackRock, Inc., and is the Chairman of the Operating Committee, a member of the Office of the Chairman, the Leadership Committee and the Corporate Council. He is responsible for day-to-day oversight of BlackRock's key operating units, including the Account Management and Portfolio Management Groups, Real Estate Group and BlackRock Solutions®. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in 2007, Mr. Kapito served as Head of BlackRock's Portfolio Management Group. In that role, he was responsible for overseeing all portfolio management within BlackRock, including the Fixed Income, Equity, Liquidity, and Alternative Investment Groups. Mr. Kapito serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. He has also been President of the Board of Directors for the Hope & Heroes Children's Cancer Fund since 2002 and President of the Board of Directors for Periwinkle Theatre for Youth, a national non-profit arts-in-education organization, since 1983. Mr. Kapito earned a BS degree in economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979, and an MBA degree from Harvard Business School in 1983.
Michael Latham has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2010 and President of the Trust since 2007. Mr. Latham served as Principal Financial Officer of the Trust from 2002 until 2007. Mr. Latham has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2010, President of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Principal Financial Officer of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2007, a Director and President of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, and a Trustee and President of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. Mr.
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Latham is the Chairman of BlackRock’s iShares exchange-traded fund business. In addition, he has over 15 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in September 2011, he was the global head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business. Prior to April 2009, he was head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business for the United States and Canada, and Chief Operating Officer for the U.S. iShares business. He previously held a variety of operating positions within the firm. Mr. Latham earned a BS degree in business administration from California State University at San Francisco in 1988.
Robert H. Silver has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2007 and Chairman of the Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Chairman of iShares, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chairman of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chairman of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver is President and a Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group Inc., a firm dedicated to advising and investing in emerging business enterprises and to supporting philanthropic activities that benefit under-served urban youth. Previously, Mr. Silver served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.), the registered broker dealer comprising the Wealth Management USA business unit of UBS AG, including the following responsibilities: President of Paine Webber Services, Director of Retail Products and Marketing, Director of Private Client Group Branch Offices, Director of Finance and Controls for Paine Webber, Inc. and Chief Administrative Officer for Paine Webber Private Client Group. Mr. Silver also served on the Board of Directors of EPAM Systems, Inc., a provider of software engineering outsourcing services in Central and Eastern Europe, served on the Board and Executive Committee of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), chaired the National Securities Clearing Corporations’ Membership and Risk Committee and served as Governor of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. In addition, Mr. Silver was a Vice Chairman and a Member of the Board of Directors for the YMCA of Greater New York and chaired its Fund Development Committee from 2001 until 2011 and Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. since 2008. Mr. Silver began his career as a CPA and Audit Manager at KPMG LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) from 1977 until 1983. Mr. Silver has a BS degree in business administration from the University of North Carolina.
George G.C. Parker has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2000. Mr. Parker served as Chair of the Trust's Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Trustee of the Trust from 2006 until 2010 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2002 until 2010. Mr. Parker has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2002, Chair of iShares, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Director of iShares, Inc. from 2006 until 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2010, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Parker also serves as Director on four other boards. Mr. Parker is the Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He teaches courses in Corporate Finance in the MBA Program, Stanford Sloan Program for Executives, and in various other Executive Education Programs at Stanford University. Mr. Parker's teaching and research interests are primarily in the field of corporate finance, management of financial institutions, and corporate governance, and he has written numerous case studies related to these subjects. He has also authored several articles on capital structure, risk management, and corporate valuation. Mr. Parker previously served as a Director of Continental Airlines and a Director of NETGEAR, Inc. Mr. Parker holds MBA and Ph.D. degrees from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.
John E. Martinez has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2003 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2003, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez is a Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.), providing governance oversight and consulting services to this privately held firm that develops products and strategies for homeowners in managing the equity in their homes. Mr. Martinez previously served as Director of Barclays Global Investors (BGI) UK Holdings, where he provided governance oversight representing BGI’s shareholders (Barclays PLC, BGI management shareholders) through oversight of BGI’s worldwide activities. Mr. Martinez also previously served as Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Global Index and Markets Group of BGI, Chairman of Barclays Global Investor Services and Chief Executive Officer of the Capital Markets Group of BGI. Since 2003, he is a Director and Executive Committee Member for Larkin Street Youth Services, providing governance oversight and strategy development to an agency that provides emergency and transitional housing, healthcare, education, job and life skills training to homeless youth. Mr. Martinez has an AB degree in economics from The University of California, Berkeley and holds an MBA degree in finance and statistics from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
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Cecilia H. Herbert has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Ms. Herbert has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. She is Director of the Board of the Catholic Charities CYO, one of the Bay Area’s largest private social services organizations serving the homeless, poor, aged, families, children and AIDS/HIV victims, on which she has served since 1998. Ms. Herbert is a member of the Investment Committee of the Archdiocese of San Francisco since 1992, which she chaired from 1994 to 2005. She has served on numerous non-profit boards. Ms. Herbert is also a Director and Advisory Board Member since 2009 of the Forward Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as a Trustee for the Pacific Select Funds and The Montgomery Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as Managing Director of J.P. Morgan/Morgan Guaranty Trust Company responsible for product development, marketing and credit for U.S. multinational corporations and as head of its San Francisco office and as Assistant Vice President, Signet Banking Corporation. Ms. Herbert has a BA degree in economics and communications from Stanford University and an MBA degree in finance from Harvard Business School.
Charles A. Hurty has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Trust since 2006. Mr. Hurty has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2006, a Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010 and a Trustee and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. In addition, Mr. Hurty serves as Director of the GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund since 2002, Director of the SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (formerly, Citigroup Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC) since 2002 and was a Director of the CSFB Alternative Investment Funds from 2005 to December 2009, when the funds were liquidated. Mr. Hurty was formerly a Partner at KPMG, LLP from 1968 to 2001. Mr. Hurty has a BS degree in accounting from the University of Kansas.
John E. Kerrigan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Kerrigan served as Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2010 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan serves as Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University since 2002. Mr. Kerrigan was formerly a Managing Director at Merrill Lynch & Co., including the following responsibilities: Global Manager of Institutional Client Division eCommerce, Global Manager of Technology Specialists Sales and Chair, Performance Measurement, Evaluation & Compensation Task Force. Mr. Kerrigan is a Trustee, since 2008, of Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton, CA, and Director, since 1999, of The BASIC Fund (Bay Area Scholarships for Inner City Children). Mr. Kerrigan has a BA degree from Boston College and is a Chartered Financial Analyst Charterholder.
Madhav V. Rajan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan is the Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He has taught accounting for over 20 years to undergraduate, MBA and law students, as well as to senior executives. Mr. Rajan serves as the Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and head of the MBA Program at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Rajan served as editor of “The Accounting Review” from 2002 to 2008 and is co-author of “Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis,” a leading cost accounting textbook. Mr. Rajan holds MS, MBA and Ph.D. degrees in accounting from Carnegie Mellon University.
Board – Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities
Overall responsibility for oversight of the Funds rests with the Board. The Board has engaged BFA to manage the Funds on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing BFA and other service providers in the operations of the Funds in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The
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Board is currently composed of nine members, seven of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board currently conducts regular meetings five times a year. In addition, the Board frequently holds special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees meet regularly outside the presence of management, in executive session or with other service providers to the Trust.
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board has established six standing Committees: a Nominating and Governance Committee, an Audit Committee, a 15(c) Committee, a Securities Lending Committee, an Equity Plus Committee and a Fixed Income Plus Committee to assist the Board in the oversight and direction of the business and affairs of the Funds, and from time to time may establish ad-hoc committees or informal working groups to review and address the policies and practices of the Funds with respect to certain specified matters. The Chair of each standing Committee is an Independent Trustee. The role of the Chair of each Committee is to preside at all meetings of the Committee and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys and other Trustees between meetings. Each Committee meets regularly to conduct the oversight functions delegated to the Committee by the Board and reports its finding to the Board. The Board and each standing Committee conduct annual assessments of their oversight function and structure. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise independent judgment over management and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees of Independent Trustees and the full Board to enhance effective oversight.
Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Funds is the responsibility of BFA or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to the supervision of BFA. Each Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational, counterparty and valuation risks, among others. While there are a number of risk management functions performed by BFA and other service providers, as applicable, it is not possible to eliminate all of the risks applicable to the Fund. The Trustees have an oversight role in this area, satisfying themselves that risk management processes and controls are in place and operating effectively. Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of each Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. The Board, directly or through a committee, also reviews reports from, among others, management and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by each Fund and management’s risk functions. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Trust's compliance program, including assessments by independent third parties, and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Trust and its principal service providers. In testing and maintaining the compliance program, the Chief Compliance Officer (and his or her delegates) assesses key compliance risks affecting each Fund, and addresses them in periodic reports to the Board. The Independent Trustees have engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.
Committees of the Board of Trustees. Each Independent Trustee serves on the Audit Committee. The Chair of the Audit Committee is Charles A. Hurty. The purposes of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board (i) in its oversight of the Trust's accounting and financial reporting principles and policies and related controls and procedures maintained by or on behalf of the Trust; (ii) in its oversight of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (iii) in selecting, evaluating and, where deemed appropriate, replacing the independent accountants (or nominating the independent accountants to be proposed for shareholder approval in any proxy statement); (iv) in evaluating the independence of the independent accountants; (v) in complying with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust's accounting and financial reporting, internal controls, compliance controls and independent audits; and (vi) to assume such other responsibilities as may be delegated by the Board. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), Charles A. Hurty, Madhav V. Rajan and John E. Kerrigan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The Nominating and Governance Committee nominates individuals for Independent Trustee membership on the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee functions include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) reviewing the qualifications of any person properly identified or nominated to serve as an Independent Trustee; (ii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the nominee(s) for appointment as an Independent Trustee by the Board and current Independent Trustees and/or for election as Independent Trustees by shareholders to fill any vacancy for a position of Independent Trustee(s) on the Board; (iii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the size and composition of the Board and Board committees and whether they comply with applicable laws and regulations; (iv) recommending a current Independent Trustee to the Board and current Independent Trustees to serve as Lead Independent Trustee; (v) periodic review of the Board's retirement policy; and (vi)
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recommending an appropriate level of compensation for the Independent Trustees for their services as Trustees, members or chairpersons of committees of the Board, Lead Independent Trustee, Chairperson of the Board and any other positions as the Nominating and Governance Committee considers appropriate. The Nominating and Governance Committee does not consider Board nominations recommended by shareholders (acting solely in their capacity as a shareholder and not in any other capacity). The Nominating and Governance Committee met one time during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the 15(c) Committee are Madhav V. Rajan (Chair), Cecilia H. Herbert, Charles A. Hurty and John E. Martinez, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the 15(c) Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for the annual review and renewal of the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements. These responsibilities include: (i) meeting with BlackRock, Inc. in advance of the Board meeting at which the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements are to be considered to discuss generally the process for providing requested information to the Board and the format in which information will be provided; and (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to evaluate the investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements of the Trust. The 15(c) Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the Securities Lending Committee are John E. Martinez (Chair), John E. Kerrigan and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Securities Lending Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of the Trust's securities lending activities. These responsibilities include: (i) requesting that certain information be provided to the Committee for its review and consideration prior to such information being provided to the Board; (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to oversee the Trust's securities lending activities and make required findings and approvals; and (iii) providing a recommendation to the Board regarding the annual approval of the Trust's Securities Lending Guidelines and the required findings with respect to, and annual approval of, the Trust's agreement with the lending agent. The Securities Lending Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the Equity Plus Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), John E. Martinez and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Equity Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for equity funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Equity Plus Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are John E. Kerrigan (Chair), Charles A. Hurty and Madhav V. Rajan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for fixed income or multi-asset funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Fixed Income Plus Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
As the Chairman of the Board, Robert H. Silver may participate in each Committee's meetings.
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2012, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Funds and in other registered investment companies overseen by the Trustee within the same family of investment companies as the Trust. If a fund is not listed below, the Trustee did not own any securities in that fund as of the date indicated above:
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Robert S. Kapito   None   None   None
             
Michael Latham   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Micro-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Robert H. Silver   iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI BRIC ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 ETF   Over $100,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
             
George G.C. Parker   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares S&P 100 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
             
John E. Martinez   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares TIPS Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Cecilia H. Herbert   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares International Select Dividend ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
             
Charles A. Hurty   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Tech ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Financials ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Technology ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
             
John E. Kerrigan   iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   $10,001-$50,000
  $50,001-$100,000
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000
   
             
Madhav V. Rajan   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
As of December 31, 2012, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of BFA (the Funds' investment adviser), the Distributor or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with BFA or the Distributor.
Remuneration of Trustees.  Each current Independent Trustee is paid an annual retainer of $275,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board's policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the period from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2012, each current Independent Trustee was paid an annual retainer of $250,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board’s policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. The Independent Chairman of the Boards is paid an additional annual retainer of $50,000. The Chair of the Audit Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $40,000. The Chair of each of the Nominating and Governance Committees, Equity Plus Committees, Fixed Income Plus Committees, Securities Lending Committees and 15(c) Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $15,000. Each Independent Trustee that serves as a director of subsidiaries of the Exchange-Traded Complex is paid an additional annual retainer of $10,000 (plus an additional $1,765 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius in connection with such Trustee’s service on the boards of
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certain Mauritius-based subsidiaries). Additionally, any Independent Trustee who travels to the Republic of Mauritius to attend board meetings is paid an additional $12,000 (plus an additional $2,117 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius in connection with such Trustee’s service on the boards of certain Mauritius-based subsidiaries).
The table below sets forth the compensation earned by each Independent Trustee and Interested Trustee from each Fund for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013 and the aggregate compensation paid to them by the Exchange-Traded Complex for the calendar year ended December 31, 2012.
Name of Trustee   iShares Core

MSCI EAFE ETF
  iShares Core
MSCI
Total International

Stock ETF
  iShares Developed
Small-Cap ex North
America ETF
  iShares MSCI
ACWI ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 429   $ 54   $ 19   $ 2,015
George G.C. Parker   385   49   17   1,809
John E. Kerrigan   376   739   17   1,764
Charles A. Hurty   430   54   19   2,016
Cecilia H. Herbert   387   741   18   1,816
John E. Martinez   370   739   17   1,738
Madhav V. Rajan   370   47   17   1,738
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI ACWI
ex U.S. ETF
  iShares MSCI All
Country Asia
ex Japan ETF
  iShares MSCI All
Country Asia ex Japan
Small-Cap ETF
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   $799   $ 1,175   $ 3
George G.C. Parker   717   1,055   2
John E. Kerrigan   699   1,720   694
Charles A. Hurty   799   1,176   3
Cecilia H. Herbert   720   1,751   694
John E. Martinez   689   1,705   694
Madhav V. Rajan   689   1,014   2
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI All
Country Asia Information
Technology ETF
  iShares MSCI
Emerging Markets
Financials ETF
  iShares MSCI
Emerging Markets
Materials ETF
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   $ 2   $3   $2
George G.C. Parker   2   3   2
John E. Kerrigan   694   3   2
Charles A. Hurty   2   3   2
Cecilia H. Herbert   694   3   2
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Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI All
Country Asia Information
Technology ETF
  iShares MSCI
Emerging Markets
Financials ETF
  iShares MSCI
Emerging Markets
Materials ETF
John E. Martinez   694   3   2
Madhav V. Rajan   2   3   2
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $0   $0
Michael Latham   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Accrued As
Part of Trust
Expenses1
  Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement1
  Total
Compensation
From the Funds
and Fund Complex2
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 289,835
George G.C. Parker   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   260,165
John E. Kerrigan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   265,510
Charles A. Hurty   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   290,000
Cecilia H. Herbert   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   273,010
John E. Martinez   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   261,760
Madhav V. Rajan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   250,000
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   $0   $0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0

1 No Trustee or officer is entitled to any pension or retirement benefits from the Trust.
2 Includes compensation for service on the Board of Trustees of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and the Boards of Directors of iShares, Inc. and iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust collectively owned less than 1% of each Fund's outstanding shares as of October 31, 2013.
Although the Trust does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participants (as defined below), as of October 31, 2013, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund were as follows:
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  29.28%
    Mellon Trust of New England, National Association
Three Mellon Bank Center
Floor 1533700
Pittsburgh, PA 15259
  15.22%
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Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  11.91%
    Stifel, Nicolaus & Company Incorporated
501 N. Broadway
St. Louis, MO 63102
  7.79%
    Fifth Third Bank (The)
5001 Kingsley Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45263
  6.82%
         
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  56.14%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  20.65%
         
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  13.51%
    VANGUARD Marketing Corporation
100 Vanguard Boulevard
Malvern, PA 19355
  13.28%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.71%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.74%
    Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  6.03%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  5.31%
         
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  18.09%
    Mellon Trust of New England, National Association
Three Mellon Bank Center
Floor 1533700
Pittsburgh, PA 15259
  13.21%
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Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.79%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  7.91%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  5.91%
    Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  5.03%
         
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  27.62%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.56%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  8.89%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  7.57%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  6.53%
         
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  21.42%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  18.29%
    Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  5.27%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  5.01%
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Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
         
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF   Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
333 W 34th Street
New York, NY 10001-2402
  40.00%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  14.10%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.82%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.15%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  5.86%
         
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  17.96%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  16.24%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  12.16%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  7.42%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.24%
    E*Trade Clearing LLC
10911 White Rock Road
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
  5.23%
         
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  32.14%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  15.17%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage
of Ownership
    Southwest Securities, Inc.
1201 Elm Street
35th Floor
Dallas, TX 75270
  10.20%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.64%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  6.50%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.09%
         
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF   UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  33.35%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street
2nd Floor
Syracuse, NY 13202
  10.47%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  9.88%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  7.69%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  5.29%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.05%

Potential Conflicts of Interest.  The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (“PNC”) has a significant economic interest in BlackRock, Inc., the parent of BFA, the Funds' investment adviser. PNC is considered to be an affiliate of BlackRock, Inc., under the 1940 Act. Certain activities of BFA, BlackRock, Inc. and their affiliates (collectively, “BlackRock”) and PNC and its affiliates (collectively, “PNC” and together with BlackRock, “Affiliates”), with respect to the Funds and/or other accounts managed by BlackRock or PNC, may give rise to actual or perceived conflicts of interest such as those described below.
BlackRock is one of the world's largest asset management firms. PNC is a diversified financial services organization spanning the retail, business and corporate markets. BlackRock and PNC are affiliates of one another under the 1940 Act. BlackRock and PNC and their respective affiliates (including, for these purposes, their directors, partners, trustees, managing members, officers and employees), including the entities and personnel who may be involved in the investment activities and business operations of a Fund, are engaged worldwide in businesses, including equity, fixed-income, cash management and alternative investments. These are considerations of which investors in a Fund should be aware, and which may cause
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conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Fund and its shareholders. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments that may be purchased or sold by a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates have proprietary interests in, and may manage or advise with respect to, accounts or funds (including separate accounts and other funds and collective investment vehicles) that have investment objectives similar to those of a Fund and/or that engage in transactions in the same types of securities, currencies and instruments as the Fund. One or more Affiliates are also major participants in the global currency, equities, swap and fixed-income markets, in each case both on a proprietary basis and for the accounts of customers. As such, one or more Affiliates are or may be actively engaged in transactions in the same securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests. Such activities could affect the prices and availability of the securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests, which could have an adverse impact on the Fund's performance. Such transactions, particularly in respect of most proprietary accounts or customer accounts, will be executed independently of a Fund's transactions and thus at prices or rates that may be more or less favorable than those obtained by the Fund. When BlackRock and its Affiliates purchase or sell the same assets for their managed accounts, including a Fund, the assets actually purchased or sold may be allocated among the accounts on a basis determined in their good faith discretion to be equitable. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the size or price of the assets purchased or sold for a Fund. In addition, transactions in investments by one or more other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of a Fund, particularly, but not limited to, with respect to small capitalization, emerging market or less liquid strategies. This may occur when investment decisions regarding a Fund are based on research or other information that is also used to support decisions for other accounts. When BlackRock or its Affiliates implements a portfolio decision or strategy on behalf of another account ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar decisions or strategies for a Fund, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other factors could result in the Fund receiving less favorable trading results and the costs of implementing such decisions or strategies could be increased or the Fund could otherwise be disadvantaged. BlackRock or its Affiliates may, in certain cases, elect to implement internal policies and procedures designed to limit such consequences, which may cause a Fund to be unable to engage in certain activities, including purchasing or disposing of securities, when it might otherwise be desirable for it to do so.
Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding a Fund may benefit other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by a Fund may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by a Fund may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts.
In certain circumstances, BFA, on behalf of a Fund, may seek to buy from or sell securities to another fund or account advised by BFA or an affiliate. BFA may (but is not required to) effect purchases and sales between BFA clients or clients of affiliates (“cross trades”), including a Fund, if BFA believes such transactions are appropriate based on each party's investment objectives and guidelines, subject to applicable law and regulation. There may be potential conflicts of interest or regulatory issues relating to these transactions which could limit BFA’s decision to engage in these transactions for the Fund. BFA may have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities to the parties in such transactions. Where a Fund participates in a cross trade, BFA will comply with procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 17a-7 under the Investment Company Act and applicable SEC guidance.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which a Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of a Fund's investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of BlackRock or its Affiliates or their clients, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
The results of a Fund's investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by BlackRock and its Affiliates for their proprietary accounts or other accounts (including investment companies or collective investment vehicles) managed or advised by them. It is possible that one or more Affiliate-managed accounts and such other accounts will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by a Fund. Moreover, it is possible that a Fund will sustain losses during periods in which one or more Affiliate-managed accounts achieve significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. The opposite result is also possible. The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and accounts under their management may also limit the investment opportunities
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for a Fund in certain emerging and other markets in which limitations are imposed upon the amount of investment, in the aggregate or in individual issuers, by affiliated foreign investors.
From time to time, a Fund's activities may also be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to one or more Affiliates, and/or their internal policies designed to comply with such restrictions. As a result, there may be periods, for example, when BlackRock, and/or one or more Affiliates, will not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions in certain securities or instruments with respect to which BlackRock and/or one or more Affiliates are performing services or when position limits have been reached.
In connection with its management of a Fund, BlackRock may have access to certain fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models developed by one or more Affiliates. BlackRock will not be under any obligation, however, to effect transactions on behalf of a Fund in accordance with such analysis and models. In addition, neither BlackRock nor any of its Affiliates will have any obligation to make available any information regarding their proprietary activities or strategies, or the activities or strategies used for other accounts managed by them, for the benefit of the management of a Fund and it is not anticipated that BlackRock will have access to such information for the purpose of managing the Fund. The proprietary activities or portfolio strategies of BlackRock and its Affiliates, or the activities or strategies used for accounts managed by them or other customer accounts could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by BlackRock in managing a Fund.
A Fund may be included in investment models developed by BFA and its affiliates for use by clients and financial advisers. The price, availability and liquidity of a Fund may be impacted by purchases and redemptions of a Fund by model-driven investment portfolios.
In addition, certain principals and certain employees of BlackRock are also principals or employees of Affiliates. As a result, the performance by these principals and employees of their obligations to such other entities may be a consideration of which investors in a Fund should be aware.
BlackRock may enter into transactions and invest in securities, instruments and currencies on behalf of a Fund in which customers of BlackRock or its Affiliates, or, to the extent permitted by the SEC, BlackRock or another Affiliate, serves as the counterparty, principal or issuer. In such cases, such party's interests in the transaction will be adverse to the interests of the Fund, and such party may have no incentive to assure that the Fund obtains the best possible prices or terms in connection with the transactions. In addition, the purchase, holding and sale of such investments by a Fund may enhance the profitability of BlackRock or its Affiliates. One or more Affiliates may also create, write or issue derivatives for their customers, the underlying securities, currencies or instruments of which may be those in which a Fund invests or which may be based on the performance of the Fund. A Fund may, subject to applicable law, purchase investments that are the subject of an underwriting or other distribution by one or more Affiliates and may also enter into transactions with other clients of an Affiliate where such other clients have interests adverse to those of the Fund.
At times, these activities may cause departments of BlackRock or its Affiliates to give advice to clients that may cause these clients to take actions adverse to the interests of the Fund. To the extent affiliated transactions are permitted, a Fund will deal with BlackRock and its Affiliates on an arms-length basis. BlackRock or its Affiliates may also have an ownership interest in certain trading or information systems used by a Fund. A Fund's use of such trading or information systems may enhance the profitability of BlackRock and its Affiliates.
One or more Affiliates may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or adviser or in other commercial capacities for a Fund. It is anticipated that the commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs, financial advisory fees, underwriting and placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, other fees, compensation or profits, rates, terms and conditions charged by an Affiliate will be in its view commercially reasonable, although each Affiliate, including its sales personnel, will have an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts that are favorable to the Affiliate and such sales personnel.
Subject to applicable law, the Affiliates (and their personnel and other distributors) will be entitled to retain fees and other amounts that they receive in connection with their service to the Funds as broker, dealer, agent, lender, adviser or in other commercial capacities and no accounting to the Funds or their respective shareholders will be required, and no fees or other compensation payable by the Funds or their respective shareholders will be reduced by reason of receipt by an Affiliate of any such fees or other amounts.
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When an Affiliate acts as broker, dealer, agent, adviser or in other commercial capacities in relation to the Funds, the Affiliate may take commercial steps in its own interests, which may have an adverse effect on the Funds. A Fund will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on the Fund's own credit standing. Neither BlackRock nor any of the Affiliates will have any obligation to allow their credit to be used in connection with a Fund's establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that the Fund's counterparties will rely on the credit of BlackRock or any of the Affiliates in evaluating the Fund's creditworthiness.
Lending on behalf of a Fund is done by BTC pursuant to SEC exemptive relief, enabling BTC to act as securities lending agent to, and receive a share of securities lending revenues from, a Fund. BFA may also receive compensation for managing the reinvestment of the cash collateral from securities lending. There is a potential conflict of interest in that BTC as a lending agent may have an incentive to increase the amount of securities on loan or to lend riskier assets in order to generate additional revenue for BTC and its affiliates. However, BTC’s SEC exemptive relief sets forth certain conditions designed to assist in mitigating such conflicts of interest.
Purchases and sales of securities for a Fund may be bunched or aggregated with orders for other BlackRock client accounts. BlackRock, however, is not required to bunch or aggregate orders if portfolio management decisions for different accounts are made separately, or if it determines that bunching or aggregating is not practicable or required, or in cases involving client direction.
Prevailing trading activity frequently may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Funds will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Funds. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Funds will not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.
BlackRock may select brokers (including, without limitation, Affiliates) that furnish BlackRock, the Funds, other BlackRock client accounts or other Affiliates or personnel, directly or through correspondent relationships, with research or other appropriate services which provide, in BlackRock's view, appropriate assistance to BlackRock in the investment decision-making process (including with respect to futures, fixed-price offerings and over-the-counter transactions). Such research or other services may include, to the extent permitted by law, research reports on companies, industries and securities; economic and financial data; financial publications; proxy analysis; trade industry seminars; computer data bases; research-oriented software and other services and products. Research or other services obtained in this manner may be used in servicing any or all of the Funds and other BlackRock client accounts, including in connection with BlackRock client accounts other than those that pay commissions to the broker relating to the research or other service arrangements. Such products and services may disproportionately benefit other BlackRock client accounts relative to the Funds based on the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds and such other BlackRock client accounts. For example, research or other services that are paid for through one client's commissions may not be used in managing that client's account. In addition, other BlackRock client accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products and services that may be provided to the Funds and to such other BlackRock client accounts. To the extent that BlackRock uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products and services itself.
BlackRock may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. To the extent that BlackRock receives research on this basis, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist. For example, the research effectively will be paid by client commissions that also will be used to pay for the execution, clearing, and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by BlackRock.
BlackRock may endeavor to execute trades through brokers who, pursuant to such arrangements, provide research or other services in order to ensure the continued receipt of research or other services BlackRock believes are useful in its investment decision-making process. BlackRock may from time to time choose not to engage in the above described arrangements to varying degrees. BlackRock may also enter into commission sharing arrangements under which BlackRock may execute transactions through a broker-dealer, including, where permitted, an Affiliate, and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to BlackRock. To the extent that BlackRock engages in commission sharing arrangements, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist.
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BlackRock may utilize certain electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) in executing client  securities transactions for certain types of securities. These ECNs may charge fees for their services, including access fees and transaction fees. The transaction fees, which are similar to commissions or mark-ups/mark-downs, will generally be charged to clients and, like commissions and mark-ups/mark-downs, would generally be included in the cost of the securities purchased. Access fees may be paid by BlackRock even though incurred in connection with executing transactions on behalf of clients, including the Funds. In certain circumstances, ECNs may offer volume discounts that will reduce the access fees typically paid by BlackRock. BlackRock will only utilize ECNs consistent with its obligation to seek to obtain best execution in client transactions.
BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Funds, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with BlackRock's fiduciary obligations to its clients. Nevertheless, notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of BlackRock may have the effect of favoring the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of BlackRock and/or its Affiliates, provided that BlackRock believes such voting decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the Proxy Voting Policy section of this SAI.
It is also possible that, from time to time, BlackRock or its Affiliates may, although they are not required to, purchase and hold shares of a Fund. Increasing a Fund's assets may enhance liquidity, investment flexibility and diversification and may contribute to economies of scale that tend to reduce the Fund's expense ratio. BlackRock and its Affiliates reserve the right to sell or redeem at any time some or all of the shares of a Fund acquired for their own accounts. A large sale or redemption of shares of a Fund by BlackRock or its Affiliates could significantly reduce the asset size of the Fund, which might have an adverse effect on the Fund's liquidity, investment flexibility, portfolio diversification and expense ratio. BlackRock will consider the effect of redemptions on a Fund and other shareholders in deciding whether to redeem its shares.
It is possible that a Fund may invest in securities of companies with which an Affiliate has or is trying to develop investment banking relationships as well as securities of entities in which BlackRock or its Affiliates has significant debt or equity investments or in which an Affiliate makes a market. A Fund also may invest in securities of companies to which an Affiliate provides or may someday provide research coverage. Such investments could cause conflicts between the interests of a Fund and the interests of other clients of BlackRock or its Affiliates. In making investment decisions for a Fund, BlackRock is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information acquired by any division, department or Affiliate of BlackRock in the course of these activities. In addition, from time to time, the activities of an Affiliate may limit a Fund's flexibility in purchases and sales of securities. When an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of an entity, BlackRock may be prohibited from purchasing or recommending the purchase of certain securities of that entity for a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates, their personnel and other financial service providers may have interests in promoting sales of the Funds. With respect to BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel, the remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of the Funds or other products may be greater than remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of certain funds or other products that might be provided or offered. BlackRock and its Affiliates and their sales personnel may directly or indirectly receive a portion of the fees and commissions charged to the Funds or their respective shareholders. BlackRock and its advisory or other personnel may also benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. Fees and commissions may also be higher than for other products or services, and the remuneration and profitability to BlackRock or its Affiliates and such personnel resulting from transactions on behalf of or management of the Funds may be greater than the remuneration and profitability resulting from other funds or products.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel may receive greater compensation or greater profit in connection with an account for which BlackRock serves as an adviser than with an account advised by an unaffiliated investment adviser. Differentials in compensation may be related to the fact that BlackRock may pay a portion of its advisory fee to its Affiliate, or relate to compensation arrangements, including for portfolio management, brokerage transactions or account servicing. Any differential in compensation may create a financial incentive on the part of BlackRock or its Affiliates and their personnel to recommend BlackRock over unaffiliated investment advisers or to effect transactions differently in one account over another.
Third parties, including service providers to BFA or a Fund, may sponsor events (including, but not limited to, marketing and promotional activities and presentations, educational training programs and conferences) for registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors. There is a potential conflict of interest as such sponsorships may defray the costs of such activities to BFA, and may provide an incentive to BFA to retain such third parties to provide services to a Fund.
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BlackRock and its Affiliates may provide valuation assistance to certain clients with respect to certain securities or other investments and the valuation recommendations made for their clients' accounts may differ from the valuations for the same securities or investments assigned by a Fund's pricing vendors, especially if such valuations are based on broker-dealer quotes or other data sources unavailable to the Fund's pricing vendors. While BlackRock will generally communicate its valuation information or determinations to a Fund's pricing vendors and/or fund accountants, there may be instances where the Fund's pricing vendors or fund accountants assign a different valuation to a security or other investment than the valuation for such security or investment determined or recommended by BlackRock.
As disclosed in more detail in the Determination of Net Asset Value section of each Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI, when market valuations are not readily available or such valuations do not reflect current market values, the affected investments will be valued using fair value pricing, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Fund's Board. When determining an asset’s “fair value,” BlackRock seeks to determine the price that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive from the current sale of that asset in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what the Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. While fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that BlackRock deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third-party valuation models, fair value represents only a good faith approximation of the value of a security. The fair value of one or more securities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining the Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued by BlackRock (pursuant to Board-adopted procedures) at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders and BlackRock receiving additional revenue.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, a Fund may invest all or some of its short-term cash investments in any money market fund or similarly-managed private fund advised or managed by BlackRock. In connection with any such investments, a Fund, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, may pay its share of expenses of a money market fund in which it invests, which may result in a Fund bearing some additional expenses.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their directors, officers and employees, may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and may have conflicts of interest with respect to investments made on behalf of a Fund. As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by directors, officers, employees and Affiliates of BlackRock that are the same, different from or made at different times than positions taken for the Fund. To lessen the possibility that a Fund will be adversely affected by this personal trading, the Fund, BFA and BlackRock each has adopted a code of ethics in compliance with Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the Fund's portfolio transactions. Each code of ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Each code of ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by e-mail at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-1520.
BlackRock and its Affiliates will not purchase securities or other property from, or sell securities or other property to, a Fund, except that the Fund may in accordance with rules adopted under the 1940 Act engage in transactions with accounts that are affiliated with the Fund as a result of common officers, directors, or investment advisers or pursuant to exemptive orders granted to the Funds and/or BlackRock by the SEC. These transactions would be effected in circumstances in which BlackRock determined that it would be appropriate for a Fund to purchase and another client of BlackRock to sell, or the Fund to sell and another client of BlackRock to purchase, the same security or instrument on the same day. From time to time, the activities of a Fund may be restricted because of regulatory requirements applicable to BlackRock or its Affiliates and/or BlackRock's internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such requirements. A client not advised by BlackRock would not be subject to some of those considerations. There may be periods when BlackRock may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, or may otherwise restrict or limit their advice in certain securities or instruments issued by or related to companies for which an Affiliate is performing investment banking, market making or other services or has proprietary positions. For example, when an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of, or advisory services for, a company, the Funds may be prohibited from or limited in purchasing or selling securities of that company. Similar situations could arise if personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates serve as directors of companies the securities of which the Funds wish to purchase or sell. However, if permitted by applicable law,
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the Funds may purchase securities or instruments that are issued by such companies or are the subject of an underwriting, distribution, or advisory assignment by an Affiliate, or in cases in which personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates are directors or officers of the issuer.
The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and for client accounts may also limit the investment strategies and rights of the Funds. For example, in certain regulated industries, in certain emerging or international markets, in corporate and regulatory ownership definitions, and in certain futures and derivative transactions, there may be limits on the aggregate amount of investment by affiliated investors that may not be exceeded without the grant of a license or other regulatory or corporate consent or, if exceeded, may cause BlackRock, the Funds or other client accounts to suffer disadvantages or business restrictions.
If certain aggregate ownership thresholds are reached or certain transactions undertaken, the ability of BlackRock on behalf of clients (including the Funds) to purchase or dispose of investments, or exercise rights or undertake business transactions, may be restricted by regulation or otherwise impaired. As a result, BlackRock, on behalf of clients (including the Funds), may limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict or limit the exercise of rights (including voting rights) when BlackRock, in its sole discretion, deems it appropriate in light of potential regulatory or other restrictions on ownership or other consequences resulting from reaching investment thresholds.
In those circumstances where ownership thresholds or limitations must be observed, BlackRock seeks to allocate limited investment opportunities equitably among clients (including the Funds), taking into consideration benchmark weight and investment strategy. When ownership in certain securities nears an applicable threshold, BlackRock may limit purchases in such securities to the issuer's weighting in the applicable benchmark used by BlackRock to manage a Fund. If client (including Fund) holdings of an issuer exceed an applicable threshold and BlackRock is unable to obtain relief to enable the continued holding of such investments, it may be necessary to sell down these positions to meet the applicable limitations. In these cases, benchmark overweight positions will be sold prior to benchmark positions being reduced to meet applicable limitations.
In addition to the foregoing, other ownership thresholds may trigger reporting requirements to governmental and regulatory authorities, and such reports may entail the disclosure of the identity of a client or BlackRock’s intended strategy with respect to such security or asset.
To the extent permitted by applicable laws, BlackRock and its Affiliates may maintain securities indexes as part of their product offerings. Index based funds seek to track the performance of securities indexes and may use the name of the index in the fund name. Index providers, including BlackRock and its Affiliates may be paid licensing fees for use of their index or index name. BlackRock and its Affiliates will not be obligated to license their indexes to BlackRock, and BlackRock cannot be assured that the terms of any index licensing agreement with BlackRock and its Affiliates will be as favorable as those terms offered to other index licensees.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may serve as Authorized Participants in the creation and redemption of exchange-traded funds, including funds advised by Affiliates of BlackRock. As described in greater detail in the Creations and Redemptions section of each Prospectus, BlackRock and its Affiliates may therefore be deemed to be participants in a distribution of iShares funds that could render them statutory underwriters.
BlackRock may enter into contractual arrangements with third party service providers to a Fund (e.g., custodians, administrators) pursuant to which BlackRock receives fee discounts or concessions in recognition of BlackRock’s overall relationship with such service providers. To the extent that BlackRock is responsible for paying these service providers out of its management fee, the benefits of any such fee discounts or concessions may accrue, in whole or in part, to BlackRock. BlackRock will disclose any material benefits it receives as a result of such fee discounts or concessions to each Fund’s Board.
Present and future activities of BlackRock and its Affiliates, including BFA, in addition to those described in this section, may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.
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Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services
Investment Adviser.  BFA serves as investment adviser to each Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, and BFA. BFA is a California corporation indirectly owned by BlackRock, Inc. and is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Under the investment advisory agreement, BFA, subject to the supervision of the Board and in conformity with the stated investment policies of each Fund, manages and administers the Trust and the investment of each Fund’s assets. BFA is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and providing continuous supervision of the investment portfolio of each Fund.
Pursuant to the investment advisory agreement, BFA may, from time to time, in its sole discretion and to the extent permitted by applicable law, appoint one or more sub-advisers, including, without limitation, affiliates of BFA, to perform investment advisory or other services with respect to a Fund. In addition, BFA may delegate certain of its investment advisory functions under the investment advisory agreement to one or more of its affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law. BFA may terminate any or all sub-advisers or such delegation arrangements in its sole discretion upon appropriate notice at any time to the extent permitted by applicable law.
BFA is responsible, under the investment advisory agreement, for substantially all expenses of the Funds, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. BFA is not responsible for, and the Funds will bear the cost of, interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses and other expenses connected with the execution of portfolio securities transactions, distribution fees and extraordinary expenses.
For its investment advisory services to the iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF and iShares MSCI ACWI ETF, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from each Fund corresponding to the Fund’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets, as of July 31, 2013, of the following iShares funds: iShares Human Rights ETF, iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF, iShares MSCI ACWI ETF, iShares MSCI All Country World Minimum Volatility ETF, iShares MSCI EAFE ETF and iShares MSCI EAFE Minimum Volatility ETF. The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows: 0.35% per annum of the aggregate net assets less than or equal to $30.0 billion, plus 0.32% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $30.0 billion, up to and including $60.0 billion, plus 0.28% per annum of the aggregate net assets in excess of $60.0 billion.
For its investment advisory services to the iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF and iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from each Fund corresponding to the Fund’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets, as of July 31, 2013, of the following iShares funds: iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI BRIC ETF, iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Consumer Discretionary ETF, iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Eastern Europe ETF, iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Energy Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF, iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF, iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF, iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Minimum Volatility ETF and iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Small-Cap ETF. The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows: 0.75% per annum of the aggregate net assets less than or equal to $14.0 billion, plus 0.68% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $14.0 billion, up to and including $28.0 billion, plus 0.61% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $28.0 billion, up to and including $42.0 billion, plus 0.56% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $42.0 billion, up to and including $56.0 billion, plus 0.50% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $56.0 billion, up to and including $70.0 billion, plus 0.45% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $70.0 billion, up to and including $84.0 billion plus 0.40% per annum of the aggregate net assets in excess of $84.0 billion.
For its investment advisory services to each Fund, BFA received a management fee at the annual rates (as a percentage of such Fund's average net assets) set forth below for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The following table sets forth the management fees paid by each Fund to BFA for the fiscal years noted:
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Fund   Management
Fee for the
Fiscal Year
Ended
July 31, 2013
  Fund
Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2011
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF1   0.14%   10/18/12   $ 523,797   N/A   N/A
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF2   0.16%   10/18/12   101,344   N/A   N/A
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF   0.50%   11/12/07   160,857   $ 155,964   $ 205,952
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF3   0.34%   03/26/08   11,889,867   7,937,668   5,552,855
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF4   0.34%   03/26/08   4,360,188   3,015,613   2,844,243
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF5   0.67%   08/13/08   15,279,728   13,719,302   14,860,812
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF   0.75%   02/02/12   36,271   40,525   N/A
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF   0.69%   02/08/12   21,776   17,427   N/A
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF6   0.67%   01/20/10   35,832   48,008   95,344
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF7   0.67%   01/20/10   45,035   56,890   71,436

1 For the iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF, BFA may voluntarily waive a portion of the management fee, as it determines, from time to time. During the period from November 1, 2012 through October 31, 2013, BFA voluntarily waived a portion of its management fee. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013, BFA waived $334,585 of its management fees.
2 BFA has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fees in an amount equal to the Fund's pro rata share of the fees and expenses attributable to the Fund's investments in other iShares Funds, “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses,” until November 30, 2014. The contractual waiver may be terminated prior to November 30, 2014 only upon written agreement of the Trust and BFA. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013, BFA waived $10,771 of its management fees. BFA, the investment adviser to the Fund, may from time to time voluntarily waive and/or reimburse fees or expenses in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (excluding Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses). Any such waivers or reimbursements may be modified or discontinued at any time. During the period from November 1, 2012 through October 31, 2013, BFA voluntarily waived a portion of its management fee. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013, BFA waived $56,900 of its management fees.
3 As of December 6, 2011, BFA has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fees in an amount equal to the Fund's pro rata share of the fees and expenses attributable to the Fund's investments in other iShares Funds, “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.” This waiver is now effective until November 30, 2014. The contractual waiver may be terminated prior to November 30, 2014 only upon written agreement of the Trust and BFA. For the fiscal years ended July 31, 2013 and July 31, 2012, BFA waived $0 and $0, respectively of its management fees.
4 As of December 6, 2011, BFA has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fees in an amount equal to the Fund's pro rata share of the fees and expenses attributable to the Fund's investments in other iShares Funds, “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.” This waiver is now effective until November 30, 2014. The contractual waiver may be terminated prior to November 30, 2014 only upon written agreement of the Trust and BFA. For the fiscal years ended July 31, 2013 and July 31, 2012, BFA waived $0 and $0, respectively of its management fees.
5 The management fee for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013 was 0.67%. During this period, BFA contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee in an amount equal to the Fund's Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses until November 30, 2014. The contractual waiver may be terminated prior to November 30, 2014 only upon written agreement of the Trust and BFA. For the fiscal years ended July 31, 2013, July 31, 2012 and July 31, 2011, BFA waived $0, $0 and $277,032, respectively of its management fees. BFA may voluntarily waive a portion of the management fee, as it determines, from time to time. Any such waiver may be modified or discontinued at any time. During the period from September 1, 2010 through December 31, 2010, BFA voluntarily waived a portion of its management fee. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2011, BFA waived $66,962 of its management fees.
6 For the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF, BFA may voluntarily waive a portion of the management fee, as it determines, from time to time. Any such waiver may be modified or discontinued at any time. During the period from September 1, 2010 through December 31, 2010, BFA voluntarily waived a portion of its management fee. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2011, BFA waived $274 of its management fees.
7 For the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF, BFA may voluntarily waive a portion of the management fee, as it determines, from time to time. Any such waiver may be modified or discontinued at any time. During the period from September 1, 2010 through December 31, 2010, BFA voluntarily waived a portion of its management fee. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2011, BFA waived $196 of its management fees.
The investment advisory agreement with respect to each Fund continues in effect for two years from its effective date, and thereafter is subject to annual approval by (i) the Board, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the applicable Fund, provided that in either event such continuance also is approved by a majority of the Board members who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the applicable Fund, by a vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
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The investment advisory agreement with respect to each Fund is terminable without penalty, on 60 days' notice, by the Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act). The investment advisory agreement is also terminable upon 60 days' notice by BFA and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
For the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF, each Subsidiary has entered into a separate contract with BFA whereby BFA provides investment advisory services to the Subsidiary. BFA does not receive separate compensation from the Subsidiary for providing it with investment advisory services. Each Applicable Fund pays BFA a management fee based on the Fund's assets, including the assets invested in the Subsidiary. Each Subsidiary has also entered into separate arrangements that provide for the provision of other services to the Subsidiary (including administrative, custody, transfer agency and other services), and BFA shall pay the costs and expenses related to the provision of those services.
Portfolio Managers.  As of July 31, 2013, the individuals named as Portfolio Managers in the Funds' Prospectuses were also primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of other iShares funds and certain other types of portfolios and/or accounts as follows:
Christopher Bliss        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   42   $ 38,000,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   164   480,000,000,000
Other Accounts   157   342,000,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Matthew Goff        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   2   $ 15,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   2   160,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   221   $447,600,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   19   10,700,000,000
Other Accounts   1   19,700,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   221   $447,600,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   235   $463,000,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   86   37,500,000,000
Other Accounts   3   178,000,000
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Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
Each of the portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management seeks to track the rate of return, risk profile and other characteristics of independent third-party indexes by either replicating the same combination of securities that constitute those indexes or through a representative sampling of the securities that constitute those indexes based on objective criteria and data. Pursuant to BFA’s policy, investment opportunities are allocated equitably among the Funds and other portfolios and accounts. For example, under certain circumstances, an investment opportunity may be restricted due to limited supply in the market, legal constraints or other factors, in which event the investment opportunity will be allocated equitably among those portfolios and accounts, including the Funds seeking such investment opportunity. As a consequence, from time to time each Fund may receive a smaller allocation of an investment opportunity than it would have if the Portfolio Managers and BFA and its affiliates did not manage other portfolios or accounts.
Like the Funds, the other portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management generally pay an asset-based fee to BFA or its affiliates, as applicable, for its advisory services. One or more of those other portfolios or accounts, however, may pay BFA or its affiliates an incentive-based fee in lieu of, or in addition to, an asset-based fee for its advisory services. A portfolio or account with an incentive-based fee would pay BFA or its affiliates a portion of that portfolio’s or account’s gains, or would pay BFA or its affiliates more for its services than would otherwise be the case if BFA or any of its affiliates meets or exceeds specified performance targets. By their nature, incentive-based fee arrangements could present an incentive for BFA or its affiliates to devote greater resources, and allocate more investment opportunities, to the portfolios or accounts that have those fee arrangements, relative to other portfolios or accounts, in order to earn larger fees. Although BFA and each of its affiliates has an obligation to allocate resources and opportunities equitably among portfolios and accounts and intends to do so, shareholders of the Funds should be aware that, as with any group of portfolios and accounts managed by an investment adviser and/or its affiliates pursuant to varying fee arrangements, including incentive-based fee arrangements, there is the potential for a conflict of interest that may result in the Portfolio Managers' favoring those portfolios or accounts with incentive-based fee arrangements.
The tables below show, for each Portfolio Manager, the number of portfolios or accounts of the types set forth in the above tables and the aggregate of total assets in those portfolios or accounts with respect to which the investment management fees are based on the performance of those portfolios or accounts as of July 31, 2013:
Christopher Bliss        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
    
Matthew Goff        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
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Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
The discussion below describes the Portfolio Managers' compensation as of July 31, 2013.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Overview
BlackRock, Inc.'s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a performance-based discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock, Inc.
Base compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm.
Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, Inc., the performance of the portfolio manager's group within BlackRock, Inc. and the individual's performance and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock, Inc.
Distribution of Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash and BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units which vest ratably over a number of years. The BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units, if properly vested, will be settled in BlackRock, Inc. common stock. Typically, the cash bonus, when combined with base salary, represents more than 60% of total compensation for the portfolio managers. Paying a portion of annual bonuses in stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year “at risk” based on BlackRock, Inc.'s ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods.
Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards — From time to time, long-term incentive equity awards are granted to certain key employees to aid in retention, align their interests with long-term shareholder interests and motivate performance. Equity awards are generally granted in the form of BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units that, once vested, settle in BlackRock, Inc. common stock.
Other Compensation Benefits. In addition to base compensation and discretionary incentive compensation, portfolio managers may be eligible to receive or participate in one or more of the following:
Incentive Savings Plans — BlackRock, Inc. has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock, Inc. employees are eligible to participate, including a 401(k) plan, the BlackRock Retirement Savings Plan (“RSP”), and the BlackRock Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The employer contribution components of the RSP include a company match equal
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to 50% of the first 8% of eligible pay contributed to the plan capped at $5,000 per year, and a company retirement contribution equal to 3-5% of eligible compensation up to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) limit ($255,000 for 2013). The RSP offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies and collective investment funds managed by the firm. BlackRock, Inc. contributions follow the investment direction set by participants for their own contributions or, absent participant investment direction, are invested into an index target date fund that corresponds to, or is closest to, the year in which the participant attains age 65. The ESPP allows for investment in BlackRock, Inc. common stock at a 5% discount on the fair market value of the stock on the purchase date. Annual participation in the ESPP is limited to the purchase of 1,000 shares of common stock or a dollar value of $25,000 based on its fair market value on the Purchase Date. Christopher Bliss, Matthew Goff, Diane Hsiung, Jennifer Hsui and Greg Savage are each eligible to participate in these plans.
As of July 31, 2013, the Portfolio Managers beneficially owned shares of the Funds, for which they are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management, in the amounts reflected in the following tables:
Christopher Bliss                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF X                        
    
Matthew Goff                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF X                        
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF X                        
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF X                        
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF X                        
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF X                        
    
Diane Hsiung                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF X                        
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF X                        
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Diane Hsiung                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF X                        
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF X                        
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF X                        
    
Jennifer Hsui                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF X                        
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF X                        
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF X                        
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF X                        
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF X                        
    
Greg Savage                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF X                        
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF X                        
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF X                        
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF X                        
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF X                        
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Greg Savage                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF X                        
Codes of Ethics.  The Trust, BFA and the Distributor have adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The codes of ethics permit personnel subject to the codes of ethics to invest in securities, subject to certain limitations, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements.  The Funds are subject to the USA PATRIOT Act (the “Patriot Act”). The Patriot Act is intended to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system in furtherance of money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities. Pursuant to requirements under the Patriot Act, a Fund may request information from Authorized Participants to enable it to form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its Authorized Participants. This information will be used to verify the identity of Authorized Participants or, in some cases, the status of financial professionals; it will be used only for compliance with the requirements of the Patriot Act.
The Funds reserve the right to reject purchase orders from persons who have not submitted information sufficient to allow the Fund to verify their identity. Each Fund also reserves the right to redeem any amounts in a Fund from persons whose identity it is unable to verify on a timely basis. It is the Funds' policy to cooperate fully with appropriate regulators in any investigations conducted with respect to potential money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) serves as administrator, custodian and transfer agent for the Funds under the Master Services Agreement and related Service Schedule (the “Service Module”). State Street’s principal address is 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116. Pursuant to the Service Module for Fund Administration and Accounting Services with the Trust, State Street provides necessary administrative, legal, tax and accounting and financial reporting services for the maintenance and operations of the Trust and each Fund. In addition, State Street makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services. Pursuant to the Service Module for Custodial Services with the Trust, State Street maintains, in separate accounts, cash, securities and other assets of the Trust and each Fund, keeps all necessary accounts and records and provides other services. State Street is required, upon the order of the Trust, to deliver securities held by State Street and to make payments for securities purchased by the Trust for each Fund. State Street is authorized to appoint certain foreign custodians or foreign custody managers for Fund investments outside the United States. Pursuant to the Service Module for Transfer Agency Services with the Trust, State Street acts as a transfer agent for each Fund’s authorized and issued shares of beneficial interest, and as dividend disbursing agent of the Trust. As compensation for these services, State Street receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by BFA from its management fee.
The following table sets forth the administration, transfer agency and custodian expenses of each Fund paid by BFA to State Street for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2013
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2012
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2011
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   10/18/12   $ 136,427   N/A   N/A
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   10/18/12   105,969   N/A   N/A
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF   11/12/07   32,554   $ 42,065   $ 35,444
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF   03/26/08   237,267   205,559   145,615
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   03/26/08   144,653   134,717   114,668
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   08/13/08   349,140   459,763   465,892
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF   02/02/12   23,997   29,562   N/A
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Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2013
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2012
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2011
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF   02/08/12   3,446   4,166   N/A
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF   01/20/10   3,727   5,823   5,810
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF   01/20/10   4,329   4,363   3,317
Subsidiary Administrator.  International Financial Services Limited (“IFS”) serves as the Subsidiary's Mauritius administrator. Pursuant to an agreement with IFS, the Subsidiary pays a fee for administrative, legal, tax and accounting services to IFS, for certain shareholder services and for providing office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services to the Subsidiary.
Distributor.  The Distributor's principal address is 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Funds through the Distributor or its agent only in Creation Units, as described in the applicable Prospectus and below in the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Fund shares in amounts less than Creation Units are generally not distributed by the Distributor or its agent. The Distributor or its agent will arrange for the delivery of the applicable Prospectus and, upon request, this SAI to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it or its agents and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it or its agents. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
The Distribution Agreement for each Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on at least 60 days' prior written notice to the other party following (i) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the relevant Fund. The Distribution Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Fund shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as defined below), DTC participants and/or investor services organizations.
BFA or its affiliates may, from time to time and from its own resources, pay, defray or absorb costs relating to distribution, including payments out of its own resources to the Distributor, or to otherwise promote the sale of shares.
The Distributor has served as the Funds' distributor since April 1, 2012. Prior to that date, SEI Investments Distribution Co. (“SEI”), located at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, PA 19456, served as the distributor to the Funds. The following table sets forth the compensation paid by BFA to SEI for certain services, not primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares, provided to each Fund during the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
April 1, 2012
to July 31, 20121
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
Aug.1, 2011
to March 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2011
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   10/18/12   $6,540   N/A   N/A   N/A
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   10/18/12   6,540   N/A   N/A   N/A
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF   11/12/07   7,628   $ 2,786   $ 7,217   $ 11,713
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF   03/26/08   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   03/26/08   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   08/13/08   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
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Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
April 1, 2012
to July 31, 20121
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
Aug.1, 2011
to March 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2011
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF   02/02/12   7,628   2,786   824   N/A
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF   02/08/12   7,628   2,786   824   N/A
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF   01/20/10   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF   01/20/10   7,628   2,786   7,217   11,713

1 BRIL serves as the distributor to the Funds effective April 1, 2012. These fees reflect payments made to SEI, acting as an agent of the Distributor.
2 SEI served as the distributor to the Funds through March 31, 2012.
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates. BFA and/or its affiliates (“BFA Entities”) pay certain broker-dealers, registered investment advisers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Funds, other iShares funds or exchange-traded products in general. BFA Entities make these payments from their own assets and not from the assets of the Funds. Although a portion of BFA Entities’ revenue comes directly or indirectly in part from fees paid by the Funds and other iShares funds, these payments do not increase the price paid by investors for the purchase of shares of, or the cost of owning, the Fund or other iShares funds. BFA Entities make payments for Intermediaries’ participation in activities that are designed to make registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Funds, or for other activities, such as participation in marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems (“Education Costs”). BFA Entities also make payments to Intermediaries for certain printing, publishing and mailing costs associated with the Funds or materials relating to exchange-traded products in general (“Publishing Costs”). In addition, BFA Entities make payments to Intermediaries that make shares of the Funds and certain other iShares funds available to their clients, develop new products that feature iShares or otherwise promote the Funds and other iShares funds. BFA Entities may also reimburse expenses or make payments from their own assets to Intermediaries or other persons in consideration of services or other activities that the BFA Entities believe may benefit the iShares business or facilitate investment in iShares funds. Payments of the type described above are sometimes referred to as revenue-sharing payments.
Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your salesperson or other investment professional may also be significant for your salesperson or other investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it will recommend or make available to its clients or what services to provide for various products based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments may create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients and these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Funds and other iShares funds over other investments. The same conflict of interest and financial incentive exist with respect to your salesperson or other investment professional if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.
As of March 1, 2013, BFA Entities have contractual arrangements to make payments (in addition to payments for Education Costs or Publishing Costs) to one Intermediary, Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (“FBS”). Pursuant to this special, long-term and significant arrangement (the “Marketing Program”), FBS and certain affiliates (collectively “Fidelity”) have agreed, among other things, to actively promote iShares funds to customers and investment professionals and in advertising campaigns as the preferred exchange-traded product, to offer certain iShares funds in certain Fidelity platforms and investment programs, in some cases at a reduced commission rate or commission free, and to provide marketing data to BFA Entities. BFA Entities have agreed to facilitate the Marketing Program by, among other things, making certain payments to FBS for marketing and implementing certain brokerage and investment programs. Upon termination of the arrangement, the BFA Entities will make additional payments to FBS based upon a number of criteria, including the overall success of the Marketing Program and the level of services provided by FBS during the wind-down period.
Any additions, modifications, or deletions to Intermediaries listed above that have occurred since the date noted above are not included in the list. Further, BFA Entities make Education Costs and Publishing Costs payments to other Intermediaries
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that are not listed above. BFA Entities may determine to make such payments based on any number of metrics. For example, BFA Entities may make payments at year-end or other intervals in a fixed amount, an amount based upon an Intermediary’s services at defined levels or an amount based on the Intermediary’s net sales of one or more iShares funds in a year or other period, any of which arrangements may include an agreed-upon minimum or maximum payment, or any combination of the foregoing. As of the date of this SAI, BFA anticipates that the payments paid by BFA Entities in connection with the Funds, iShares funds and exchange-traded products in general will be immaterial to BFA Entities in the aggregate for the next year. Please contact your salesperson or other investment professional for more information regarding any such payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the BFA Entities to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy shares of iShares funds.
The Funds may participate in certain market maker incentive programs of a national securities exchange in which an affiliate of the Funds would pay a fee to the exchange used for the purpose of incentivizing one or more market makers in the securities of a Fund to enhance the liquidity and quality of the secondary market of securities of a Fund. The fee would then be credited by the exchange to one or more market makers that meet or exceed liquidity and market quality standards with respect to the securities of a Fund. Each market maker incentive program is subject to approval from the SEC. Any such fee payments made to an exchange will be made by an affiliate of a Fund solely for the benefit of a Fund and will not be paid from any Fund assets.
Determination of Net Asset Value
Valuation of Shares. The NAV for a Fund is generally calculated as of the close of regular trading hours on the NYSE (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each business day the NYSE is open. Valuation of securities held by a Fund is as follows:
Equity Investments. Equity securities traded on a recognized securities exchange (e.g., NYSE), separate trading boards of a securities exchange or through a market system that provides contemporaneous transaction pricing information (an “Exchange”) are valued using information obtained via independent pricing services, generally the Exchange closing price, or if an Exchange closing price is not available, the last traded price on that Exchange prior to the time as of which a Fund’s assets or liabilities are valued. However, under certain circumstances other means of determining current market value may be used. If an equity security is traded on more than one Exchange, the current market value of the security where it is primarily traded generally will be used. In the event that there are no sales involving an equity security held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such security, the prior day’s price will be used, unless, in accordance with valuation procedures approved by a Fund’s Board (the “Valuation Procedures”), BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the security, in which case such asset would be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below).
Fixed Income Investments. In accordance with the Valuation Procedures, fixed income securities for which market quotations are readily available are generally valued using such securities’ most recent bid prices provided directly from one or more broker-dealers, market makers, or independent third-party pricing services, each of which may use matrix pricing and valuation models, as well as recent market transactions for the same or similar assets to derive values. The amortized cost method of valuation may be used with respect to debt obligations with sixty days or less remaining to maturity unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such method does not represent fair value. Loan participation notes are generally valued at the mean of the last available bid prices from one or more brokers or dealers as obtained from independent third-party pricing services. Certain fixed income investments, including asset-backed and mortgage-related securities, may be valued based on valuation models that consider the estimated cash flows of each tranche of the entity, establish a benchmark yield and develop an estimated tranche specific spread to the benchmark yield based on the unique attributes of the tranche. Fixed income securities for which market quotations are not readily available may be valued by third-party pricing services that make a valuation determination by securing transaction data (e.g., recent representative bids), credit quality information, perceived market movements, news, and other relevant information and by other methods, which may include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from dealers; and general market conditions.
Options, Futures, Swaps and Other Derivatives. Exchange-traded equity options for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices as quoted on the Exchange or the board of trade on which such options are traded. In the event that there is no mean price available for an exchange traded equity option held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such option, the last bid (long positions) or ask (short positions) price, if available, will be used
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as the value of such option. If no such bid or ask price is available on a day on which a Fund values such option, the prior day’s price will be used, unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the option in which case such option will be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below). Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives may be valued using a mathematical model which may incorporate a number of market data factors. Financial futures contracts and options thereon, which are traded on exchanges, are valued at their settle price as of the close of such exchanges. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
Underlying Funds. Shares of underlying exchange-traded funds will be valued at their most recent closing price on an Exchange. Shares of underlying money market funds will be valued at their net asset value.
General Valuation Information. In determining the market value of portfolio investments, a Fund may employ independent third-party pricing services, which may use, without limitation, a matrix or formula method that takes into consideration market indexes, matrices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. This may result in the securities being valued at a price different from the price that would have been determined had the matrix or formula method not been used. All cash, receivables and current payables are carried on a Fund’s books at their face value.
Prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services, broker-dealers or market makers to value a Fund’s securities and other assets and liabilities are based on information available at the time a Fund values its assets and liabilities. In the event that a pricing service quotation is revised or updated subsequent to the day on which the Fund valued such security or other asset or liability, the revised pricing service quotation generally will be applied prospectively. Such determination will be made considering pertinent facts and circumstances surrounding the revision.
Certain types of securities, including many fixed income securities, trade infrequently and there may be no current market transactions or recent representative bids for such securities. To the extent that prices for such securities are not reflective of current market transactions or recent representative bids, a Fund will value such securities in good faith in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
In the event that application of the methods of valuation discussed above result in a price for a security which is deemed not to be representative of the fair market value of such security, the security will be valued by, under the direction of or in accordance with a method specified by a Fund’s Board as reflecting fair value. All other assets and liabilities (including securities for which market quotations are not readily available) held by a Fund (including restricted securities) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by a Fund’s Board or by BlackRock (its delegate) pursuant to the Valuation Procedures. Any assets and liabilities which are denominated in a foreign currency are converted into U.S. dollars at the prevailing rates of exchange at such times as may be determined by a Fund from time to time.
Certain of the securities acquired by a Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges or over-the-counter markets on days on which a Fund’s net asset value is not calculated. In such cases, the net asset value of a Fund’s shares may be significantly affected on days when investors can neither purchase nor redeem shares of a Fund.
Use of fair value prices and certain current market valuations could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate a Fund’s NAV and the prices used in the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between a Fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Fair Value. When market quotations are not readily available or are believed in good faith by BlackRock to be unreliable, a Fund’s investments are valued at fair value (“Fair Value Assets”). Fair Value Assets are valued by BlackRock in accordance with the Valuation Procedures. BlackRock may reasonably conclude that a market quotation is not readily available or is unreliable if, among other things, a security or other asset or liability does not have a price source due to its lack of trading, if BlackRock believes in good faith that a market quotation from a broker-dealer or other source is unreliable (e.g., where it varies significantly from a recent trade, or no longer reflects the fair value of the security or other asset or liability subsequent to the most recent market quotation), where the security or other asset or liability is only thinly traded or due to the occurrence of a significant event subsequent to the most recent market quotation. For this purpose, a “significant event” is deemed to occur if BlackRock determines, in its reasonable business judgment, that an event has occurred after the close of trading for an asset or liability but prior to or at the time of pricing a Fund’s assets or liabilities, and that the event is likely to cause a material change to the closing market price of the assets or liabilities held by a Fund. Non-U.S. securities whose values are affected by volatility that occurs in U.S. markets for related or highly correlated assets (e.g., ADRs, GDRs or ETFs) on a trading day after the close of non-U.S. securities markets may be fair valued. On any date the NYSE is open and a foreign
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market or the primary exchange on which a foreign asset or liability is traded is closed, such asset or liability will be valued using the prior day’s price, provided that BlackRock is not aware of any significant event or other information that would cause such price to no longer reflect the fair value of the asset or liability, in which case such asset or liability would be treated as a Fair Value Asset.
BlackRock, with input from the BlackRock Investment Strategy Group, will submit its recommendations regarding the valuation and/or valuation methodologies for Fair Value Assets to BlackRock’s Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee may accept, modify or reject any recommendations. In addition, a Fund’s accounting agent periodically endeavors to confirm the prices it receives from all third-party pricing services, index providers and broker-dealers, and, with the assistance of BlackRock, to regularly evaluate the values assigned to the securities and other assets and liabilities held by a Fund. The pricing of all Fair Value Assets is subsequently reported to and, where appropriate, ratified by the Board.
When determining the price for a Fair Value Asset, the BlackRock Valuation Committee (or BlackRock’s Pricing Group) will seek to determine the price that a Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of that asset or liability in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what a Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. Fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that the Valuation Committee (or Pricing Group) deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third party valuation models.
Fair value represents a good faith approximation of the value of an asset or liability. When determining fair value of an asset, one or more of a variety of fair valuation methodologies may be used (depending on factors including the asset type). For example, the asset may be priced on the basis of the original cost of the investment or, alternatively, using proprietary or third-party models (including models that rely upon direct portfolio management pricing inputs and which reflect the significance attributed to the various factors and assumptions being considered). Prices of actual, executed or historical transactions in the relevant asset and/or liability (or related or comparable assets and/or liabilities) or, where appropriate, an appraisal by a third party experienced in the valuation of similar assets and/or liabilities, may also be used as a basis for establishing the fair value of an asset or liability. The fair value of one or more assets or liabilities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets or liabilities could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining a Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
Each Fund’s annual audited financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), follow the requirements for valuation set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), which defines and establishes a framework for measuring fair value under US GAAP and expands financial statement disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements. Generally, ASC 820 and other accounting rules applicable to funds and various assets in which they invest are evolving. Such changes may adversely affect a Fund. For example, the evolution of rules governing the determination of the fair market value of assets or liabilities to the extent such rules become more stringent would tend to increase the cost and/or reduce the availability of third-party determinations of fair market value. This may in turn increase the costs associated with selling assets or affect their liquidity due to a Fund’s inability to obtain a third-party determination of fair market value.
Brokerage Transactions
Subject to policies established by the Board, BFA is primarily responsible for the execution of a Fund’s portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage. BFA does not execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer, but seeks to obtain the best net results for the Funds, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, operational facilities of the firm and the firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. While BFA generally seeks reasonable trade execution costs, a Fund does not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available, and payment of the lowest commission or spread is not necessarily consistent with obtaining the best price and execution in particular transactions. Subject to applicable legal requirements, BFA may select a broker based partly upon brokerage or research services provided to BFA and its clients, including a Fund. In
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return for such services, BFA may cause a Fund to pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if BFA determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
In selecting brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, BFA seeks to obtain the best price and most favorable execution for a Fund and may take into account a variety of factors including: (i) the size, nature and character of the security or instrument being traded and the markets in which it is purchased or sold; (ii) the desired timing of the transaction; (iii) BFA’s knowledge of the expected commission rates and spreads currently available; (iv) the activity existing and expected in the market for the particular security or instrument, including any anticipated execution difficulties; (v) the full range of brokerage services provided; (vi) the broker’s or dealer’s capital; (vii) the quality of research and research services provided; (viii) the reasonableness of the commission, dealer spread or its equivalent for the specific transaction; and (ix) BFA’s knowledge of any actual or apparent operational problems of a broker or dealer. Brokers may also be selected because of their ability to handle special or difficult executions, such as may be involved in large block trades, less liquid securities, or other circumstances.
Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act (“Section 28(e)”) permits an investment adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause an account to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction that exceeds the amount another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the same transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by that broker or dealer. This includes commissions paid on riskless principal transactions under certain conditions.
From time to time, a Fund may purchase new issues of securities in a fixed price offering. In these situations, the broker may be a member of the selling group that will, in addition to selling securities, provide BFA with research services. FINRA has adopted rules expressly permitting these types of arrangements under certain circumstances. Generally, the broker will provide research “credits” in these situations at a rate that is higher than that available for typical secondary market transactions. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e).
The Funds anticipate that brokerage transactions involving foreign securities generally will be conducted primarily on the principal stock exchanges of the applicable country. Foreign equity securities may be held by the Funds in the form of depositary receipts, or other securities convertible into foreign equity securities. Depositary receipts may be listed on stock exchanges, or traded in over-the-counter markets in the United States or Europe, as the case may be. American Depositary Receipts, like other securities traded in the United States, will be subject to negotiated commission rates.
OTC issues, including most fixed income securities such as corporate debt and U.S. Government securities, are normally traded on a “net” basis without a stated commission, through dealers acting for their own account and not as brokers. The Funds will primarily engage in transactions with these dealers or deal directly with the issuer unless a better price or execution could be obtained by using a broker. Prices paid to a dealer with respect to both foreign and domestic securities will generally include a “spread,” which is the difference between the prices at which the dealer is willing to purchase and sell the specific security at the time, and includes the dealer’s normal profit.
Under the Investment Company Act, persons affiliated with a Fund and persons who are affiliated with such affiliated persons are prohibited from dealing with the Fund as principal in the purchase and sale of securities unless a permissive order allowing such transactions is obtained from the Commission. Since transactions in the OTC market usually involve transactions with the dealers acting as principal for their own accounts, the Funds will not deal with affiliated persons, including PNC and its affiliates, in connection with such transactions. The Funds will not purchase securities during the existence of any underwriting or selling group relating to such securities of which BFA, PNC, BRIL or any affiliated person (as defined in the Investment Company Act) thereof is a member except pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board in accordance with Rule 10f-3 under the Investment Company Act.
Purchases of money market instruments by the Funds are made from dealers, underwriters and issuers. The Funds do not currently expect to incur any brokerage commission expense on such transactions because money market instruments are generally traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission. The price of the security, however, usually includes a profit to the dealer.
BFA may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions.
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Securities purchased in underwritten offerings include a fixed amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s concession or discount. When securities are purchased or sold directly from or to an issuer, no commissions or discounts are paid.
Investment decisions for the Funds and for other investment accounts managed by BFA and its affiliates are made independently of each other in light of differing conditions. A variety of factors will be considered in making investment allocations. These factors include: (i) investment objectives or strategies for particular accounts, including sector, industry, country or region and capitalization weightings; (ii) tax considerations of an account; (iii) risk or investment concentration parameters for an account; (iv) supply or demand for a security at a given price level; (v) size of available investment; (vi) cash availability and liquidity requirements for accounts; (vii) regulatory restrictions; (viii) minimum investment size of an account; (ix) relative size of account; and (x) such other factors as may be approved by BlackRock’s general counsel. Moreover, investments may not be allocated to one client account over another based on any of the following considerations: (i) to favor one client account at the expense of another; (ii) to generate higher fees paid by one client account over another or to produce greater performance compensation to BlackRock; (iii) to develop or enhance a relationship with a client or prospective client; (iv) to compensate a client for past services or benefits rendered to BlackRock or to induce future services or benefits to be rendered to BlackRock; or (v) to manage or equalize investment performance among different client accounts. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest.
Initial public offerings of securities may be over-subscribed and subsequently trade at a premium in the secondary market. When BFA is given an opportunity to invest in such an initial offering or “new” or “hot” issue, the supply of securities available for client accounts is often less than the amount of securities the accounts would otherwise take. In order to allocate these investments fairly and equitably among client accounts over time, each portfolio manager or a member of his or her respective investment team will indicate to BFA’s trading desk their level of interest in a particular offering with respect to eligible clients’ accounts for which that team is responsible. Initial public offerings of U.S. equity securities will be identified as eligible for particular client accounts that are managed by portfolio teams who have indicated interest in the offering based on market capitalization of the issuer of the security and the investment mandate of the client account and in the case of international equity securities, the country where the offering is taking place and the investment mandate of the client account. Generally, shares received during the initial public offering will be allocated among participating client accounts within each investment mandate on a pro rata basis. This pro rata allocation may result in a Fund receiving less of a particular security than if pro-ration had not occurred. All allocations of securities will be subject, where relevant, to share minimums established for accounts and compliance constraints. In situations where supply is too limited to be allocated among all accounts for which the investment is eligible, portfolio managers may rotate such investment opportunities among one or more accounts so long as the rotation system provides for fair access for all client accounts over time. Other allocation methodologies that are considered by BFA to be fair and equitable to clients may be used as well.
Because different accounts may have differing investment objectives and policies, BFA may buy and sell the same securities at the same time for different clients based on the particular investment objective, guidelines and strategies of those accounts. For example, BFA may decide that it may be entirely appropriate for a growth fund to sell a security at the same time a value fund is buying that security. To the extent that transactions on behalf of more than one client of BFA or its affiliates during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price. For example, sales of a security by BlackRock on behalf of one or more of its clients may decrease the market price of such security, adversely impacting other BlackRock clients that still hold the security. If purchases or sales of securities arise for consideration at or about the same time that would involve the Funds or other clients or funds for which BFA or an affiliate act as investment manager, transactions in such securities will be made, insofar as feasible, for the respective funds and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all.
In certain instances, BFA may find it efficient for purposes of seeking to obtain best execution, to aggregate or “bunch” certain contemporaneous purchases or sale orders of its advisory accounts and advisory accounts of affiliates. In general, all contemporaneous trades for client accounts under management by the same portfolio manager or investment team will be bunched in a single order if the trader believes the bunched trade would provide each client with an opportunity to achieve a more favorable execution at a potentially lower execution cost. The costs associated with a bunched order will be shared pro rata among the clients in the bunched order. Generally, if an order for a particular portfolio manager or management team is filled at several different prices through multiple trades, all accounts participating in the order will receive the average price except in the case of certain international markets where average pricing is not permitted. While in some cases this practice could have a detrimental effect upon the price or value of the security as far as the Funds are concerned, in other cases it
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could be beneficial to the Funds. Transactions effected by BFA or its affiliates on behalf of more than one of its clients during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, causing an adverse effect on price. The trader will give the bunched order to the broker-dealer that the trader has identified as being able to provide the best execution of the order. Orders for purchase or sale of securities will be placed within a reasonable amount of time of the order receipt and bunched orders will be kept bunched only long enough to execute the order.
The table below sets forth the brokerage commissions paid by each Fund for the fiscal years noted. Any differences in brokerage commissions paid by a Fund from year to year are due to increases or decreases in that Fund’s assets over those periods:
Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2013
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2012
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2011
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   10/18/12   $ 156,894   N/A   N/A
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   10/18/12   18,856   N/A   N/A
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF   11/12/07   4,434   $ 2,346   $ 7,759
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF   03/26/08   108,627   144,999   54,157
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   03/26/08   75,340   122,353   34,908
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   08/13/08   343,050   460,565   1,968,784
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF   02/02/12   2,148   1,766   N/A
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF   02/08/12   1,487   523   N/A
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF   01/20/10   304   404   1,018
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF   01/20/10   306   593   552
The following table sets forth the names of the Funds’ “regular” broker-dealers, as defined under Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act, which derive more than 15% of their gross revenues from securities-related activities and in which the Funds invest, together with the market value of each investment as of the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013:
Fund   Issuer   Market Value
of Investment
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   UBS AG   $ 4,657,474
    Deutsche Bank AG   2,998,653
    Credit Suisse Group AG   2,865,404
    Nomura Holdings, Inc.   1,815,190
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   UBS AG   $ 403,409
    Deutsche Bank AG   261,751
    Credit Suisse Group AG   249,587
    Nomura Holdings, Inc.   163,291
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF   J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   $ 26,723,594
    Citigroup, Inc.   18,770,452
    Bank of America Corp.   18,594,808
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   10,040,604
    UBS AG   8,573,270
    Deutsche Bank AG   5,035,257
    Credit Suisse Group AG   4,960,306
    Morgan Stanley   4,054,154
    Nomura Holdings, Inc.   3,987,342
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   UBS AG   $ 7,410,976
    Deutsche Bank AG   4,586,310
    Credit Suisse Group AG   3,816,228
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Fund   Issuer   Market Value
of Investment
    Nomura Holdings, Inc.   2,783,544
None of the Funds paid any brokerage commissions to BlackRock, an affiliate of BFA, and a subsidiary of BTC, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The Funds' purchase and sale orders for securities may be combined with those of other investment companies, clients or accounts that BFA or its affiliates manage or advise and for which they have brokerage placement authority. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Funds and one or more other accounts managed or advised by BFA or its affiliates are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the Funds and the other accounts in a manner deemed equitable to all by BFA and its affiliates. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as the Funds are concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower transaction costs will be beneficial to the Funds. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest. BFA and its affiliates may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions. The Funds will not deal with affiliates in principal transactions unless permitted by applicable SEC rules or regulations, or by SEC exemptive order.
Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates may result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses. The table below sets forth the portfolio turnover rates of each Fund for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fiscal Year ended July 31, 2013   Fiscal Year ended July 31, 2012
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   1%   N/A
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   5%   N/A
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF   24%   25%
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF   6%   6%
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   7%   9%
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   13%   26%
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF   45%   5%
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF   58%   1%
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF   3%   2%
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF   5%   5%
Creation or redemption transactions, to the extent consisting of cash, may require a Fund to contemporaneously transact with broker-dealers for purchases of Deposit Securities (as defined below under Fund Deposit) or sales of Fund Securities (as defined below under Redemption of Creation Units), as applicable. Such transactions with a particular broker-dealer may be conditioned upon the broker-dealers agreement to transact at guaranteed price levels in order to reduce transaction costs the Funds would otherwise incur as a consequence of settling creation or redemption baskets in cash rather than in-kind.
Following a Fund's receipt of an order to purchase or redeem creation or redemption baskets, to the extent such purchases or redemptions consist of a cash portion, the Funds will enter an order with a broker or dealer to purchase or sell the Deposit Securities or Fund Securities, as applicable. The terms of such order may, depending on the timing of the transaction and certain other factors, require the broker or dealer to guarantee that the Funds will achieve execution of their order at a price at least as favorable to the Funds as the Funds' valuation of the Deposit Securities/Fund Securities used for purposes of calculating the NAV applied to the creation or redemption transactions giving rise to the orders (the “Execution Performance Guarantee”). Such orders may be placed with the purchasing or redeeming Authorized Participant in its capacity as a broker-dealer or with its affiliated broker-dealer. The amount payable to the Funds in respect of any Execution Performance Guarantee will depend on the results achieved by the executing firm and will vary depending on market activity, timing and a variety of other factors.
To ensure that an Execution Performance Guarantee will be honored on orders arising from creation transactions executed by an Authorized Participant or its affiliate as broker-dealer, an Authorized Participant is required to deposit an amount with the
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Funds (the “Execution Performance Deposit”). If the broker-dealer executing the order achieves executions in market transactions at a price equal to or more favorable than the Funds' valuation of the Deposit Securities, the Funds receive the benefit of the favorable executions and returns to the Authorized Participant the Execution Performance Deposit. If, however, the broker-dealer executing the order is unable to achieve executions in market transactions at a price at least equal to the Funds' valuation of the securities, the Funds retain the portion of the Execution Performance Deposit equal to the full amount of the execution shortfall (including any taxes, brokerage commissions or other costs) and may require the Authorized Participant to deposit any additional amount required to cover the full amount of the actual Execution Performance Guarantee.
To ensure that an Execution Performance Guarantee will be honored for brokerage orders arising from redemption transactions executed by an Authorized Participant or its affiliate as broker-dealer, an Authorized Participant agrees to pay the shortfall amount (the “Execution Performance Offset”). If the broker-dealer executing the order achieves executions in market transactions at a price equal to or more favorable than the Funds' valuation of the Fund Securities, the Funds receive the benefit of the favorable executions and the Authorized Participant is not called upon to honor the Execution Performance Offset. If, however, the broker-dealer is unable to achieve executions in market transactions at a price at least equal to the Funds' valuation of the securities, the Funds will be entitled to the portion of the Execution Performance Offset equal to the full amount of the execution shortfall (including any taxes, brokerage commissions or other costs).
The circumstances under which the Execution Performance Guarantee will be used and the expected amount, if any, of any Execution Performance Deposit or Execution Performance Offset for the Funds will be disclosed in the procedures handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time based on the actual experience of the Funds.
Additional Information Concerning the Trust
Shares. The Trust currently consists of more than 235 separate investment series or portfolios called funds. The Trust issues shares of beneficial interests in the funds with no par value. The Board may designate additional iShares funds.
Each share issued by a fund has a pro rata interest in the assets of that fund. Shares have no preemptive, exchange, subscription or conversion rights and are freely transferable. Each share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by the Board with respect to the relevant fund, and in the net distributable assets of such fund on liquidation.
Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which the shareholder is entitled to vote. In any matter submitted to shareholders for a vote, each fund shall hold a separate vote, provided that shareholders of all affected funds will vote together when: (1) required by the 1940 Act, or (2) the Trustees determine that the matter affects the interests of more than one fund.
Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. The policy of the Trust is not to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. All shares (regardless of the fund) have noncumulative voting rights in the election of members of the Board. Under Delaware law, Trustees of the Trust may be removed by vote of the shareholders.
Following the creation of the initial Creation Unit(s) of shares of a fund and immediately prior to the commencement of trading in such fund’s shares, a holder of shares may be a “control person” of the fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. A fund cannot predict the length of time for which one or more shareholders may remain a control person of the fund.
In accordance with the Trust's Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 17, 2009 (the “Declaration of Trust”), the Board may, without shareholder approval (unless such shareholder approval is required by applicable law, including the 1940 Act), cause one or more funds commencing operations after September 24, 2008 (each, a “New Fund”) to merge, reorganize, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of their assets, or take other similar actions with, to or into another New Fund.
Shareholders may make inquiries by writing to iShares Trust, c/o BlackRock Investments, LLC, 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310.
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Absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, beneficial owners of more than 5% of the shares of a fund may be subject to the reporting provisions of Section 13 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. In addition, absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, officers and trustees of a fund and beneficial owners of 10% of the shares of a fund (“Insiders”) may be subject to the insider reporting, short-swing profit and short sale provisions of Section 16 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. Beneficial owners and Insiders should consult with their own legal counsel concerning their obligations under Sections 13 and 16 of the 1934 Act.
Termination of the Trust or a Fund.  The Trust or a Fund may be terminated by a majority vote of the Board, subject to the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders of the Trust or such Fund entitled to vote on termination; however, in certain circumstances described in the Declaration of Trust, only a majority vote of the Board is required. Although the shares are not automatically redeemable upon the occurrence of any specific event, the Declaration of Trust provide that the Board will have the unrestricted power to alter the number of shares in a Creation Unit. In the event of a termination of the Trust or a Fund, the Board, in its sole discretion, could determine to permit the shares to be redeemable in aggregations smaller than Creation Units or to be individually redeemable. In such circumstance, the Trust may make redemptions in-kind, for cash or for a combination of cash or securities.
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds.  Shares of each Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.
DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (“DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities’ certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), the NYSE Amex Equities and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”).
Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares. The laws of some jurisdictions may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. Such laws may impair the ability of certain investors to acquire beneficial interests in shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the shares of each Fund held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares of the Trust. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in shares of each Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC
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Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants. DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to shares of the Trust at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units
General. The Trust issues and sells shares of each Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor or its agent, without a sales load, at a price based on the Fund's NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined below), of an order received by the Distributor or its agent in proper form. The following table sets forth the number of shares of a Fund that constitute a Creation Unit for such Fund and the value of such Creation Unit as of August 31, 2013 (except as noted):
Fund   Shares Per
Creation Unit
  Value Per
Creation
Unit (U.S.$)
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   100,000   $ 5,347,000
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   100,000   5,123,000
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF   200,000   7,806,000
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF   200,000   10,244,000
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   200,000   8,382,000
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   100,000   5.536.000
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF   50,000   2,649,500
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF   50,000   1,384,500
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF   50,000   1,128,000
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF   50,000   774,500

The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of shares outstanding of any Fund, and to make a corresponding change in the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit, in the event that the per share price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Board.
A “Business Day” with respect to each Fund is any day on which the Listing Exchange on which the Fund is listed for trading is open for business. As of the date of this SAI, each Listing Exchange observes the following holidays, as observed: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of Creation Units of each Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) (“Deposit Securities”) and the Cash Component computed as described below. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which, when combined with a Fund's portfolio securities, is designed to generate performance that has a collective investment profile similar to that of the Underlying Index. The Fund Deposit represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of any Fund.
The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the “Deposit Amount,” which is an amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities, and serves to compensate for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount. Payment of any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities are the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing a Creation Unit. Each Fund generally offers Creation Units partially for cash, but may, in certain circumstances, offer Creation Units solely in cash.
BFA makes available through the NSCC on each Business Day prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange, the list of names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security and the amount of the Cash Component to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information as of the end of the previous Business Day for each Fund). Such
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Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, to purchases of Creation Units of shares of a given Fund until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit is made available.
The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities change pursuant to changes in the composition of a Fund's portfolio and as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by BFA with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities constituting the relevant Underlying Index.
The Funds reserve the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through DTC. The Funds also reserve the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which (i) the delivery of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under applicable securities or other local laws or (ii) the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under applicable securities or other local laws, or in certain other situations.
Cash Purchase Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified (Creation Units of each Fund are generally offered partially for cash), they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a partial or full cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser. The Authorized Participant will also be required to pay certain transaction fees and charges for cash purchases, as described below, and, if transacting as broker with each Fund, may be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution and market impact costs through an Execution Performance Guarantee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
Role of the Authorized Participant. Creation Units may be purchased only by or through a DTC Participant that has entered into an authorized participant agreement with the Distributor (an “Authorized Participant”). Such Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of such authorized participant agreement and on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that such Authorized Participant will make available in advance of each purchase of shares an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component, once the net asset value of a Creation Unit is next determined after receipt of the purchase order in proper form, together with the transaction fees described below. An Authorized Participant, acting on behalf of an investor, may require the investor to enter into an agreement with such Authorized Participant with respect to certain matters, including payment of the Cash Component. Investors who are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not be a DTC Participant or may not have executed an authorized participant agreement and that orders to purchase Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant. As a result, purchase orders placed through an Authorized Participant may result in additional charges to such investor. The Trust does not expect to enter into an authorized participant agreement with more than a small number of DTC Participants. A list of current Authorized Participants may be obtained from the Distributor. The Distributor has adopted guidelines regarding Authorized Participants’ transactions in Creation Units that are made available to all Authorized Participants. These guidelines set forth the processes and standards for Authorized Participants to transact with the Distributor and its agents in connection with creation and redemption transactions.
Purchase Orders.  To initiate an order for a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit to the Distributor or its agent an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund, in proper form, generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day to receive that day’s NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Funds may require orders for Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. The Distributor or its agent will notify BFA and the custodian of such order. The custodian will then provide such information to any appropriate sub-custodian. Procedures and requirements governing the delivery of the Fund Deposit are set forth in the procedures handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a creation request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request. Those placing orders to purchase Creation Units through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Distributor or its agent by the Cutoff Time (as defined below) on such Business Day.
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The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the contractual settlement date, by means satisfactory to the Funds, immediately available or same day funds estimated by the Funds to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component next determined after acceptance of the purchase order, together with the applicable purchase transaction fees. Any excess funds will be returned following settlement of the issue of the Creation Unit. Those placing orders should ascertain the applicable deadline for cash transfers by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effectuating the transfer of the Cash Component. This deadline is likely to be significantly earlier than the Cutoff Time of the Funds. Investors should be aware that an Authorized Participant may require orders for purchases of shares placed with it to be in the particular form required by the individual Authorized Participant.
The Authorized Participant is responsible for any and all expenses and costs incurred by a Fund, including any applicable cash amounts, in connection with any purchase order.
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Creation Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor or its agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement, as described below. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or its agent or an Authorized Participant. Orders to create shares of a Fund that are submitted on the Business Day immediately preceding a holiday or a day (other than a weekend) when the equity markets in the relevant non-U.S. market are closed may not be accepted. Each Fund's deadline specified above for the submission of purchase orders is referred to as that Fund's “Cutoff Time.” The Distributor or its agent, in their discretion, may permit the submission of such orders and requests by or through an Authorized Participant at any time (including on days on which the Listing Exchange is not open for business) via communication through the facilities of the Distributor's or its agent's proprietary website maintained for this purpose. Purchase orders and redemption requests, if accepted by the Trust, will be processed based on the NAV next determined after such acceptance in accordance with each Fund's Cutoff Times as provided in the authorized participant agreement and disclosed in this SAI.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units.  Subject to the conditions that (i) an irrevocable purchase order has been submitted by the Authorized Participant (either on its own or another investor's behalf) and (ii) arrangements satisfactory to the Funds are in place for payment of the Cash Component and any other cash amounts which may be due, the Funds will accept the order, subject to each Fund's right (and the right of the Distributor and BFA) to reject any order until acceptance, as set forth below.
Once a Fund has accepted an order, upon the next determination of the net asset value of the shares, the Fund will confirm the issuance of a Creation Unit, against receipt of payment, at such net asset value. The Distributor or its agent will then transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.
Each Fund reserves the absolute right to reject or revoke a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor or its agent if (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (iii) the Deposit Securities delivered do not conform to the identity and number of shares specified, as described above; (iv) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (vi) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the discretion of the Fund or BFA, have an adverse effect on the Fund or the rights of beneficial owners; or (vii) circumstances outside the control of the Fund, the Distributor or its agent and BFA make it impracticable to process purchase orders. The Distributor or its agent shall notify a prospective purchaser of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such purchaser of its rejection of such order. The Funds, State Street, the sub-custodian and the Distributor or its agent are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification.
In addition, each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF may exercise its right to reject any creation order for shares of the Fund on any Business Day that is a holiday in the Indian market that is not a holiday observed in the U.S. equity market and certain other holidays during the settlement cycle for Fund shares in order to protect Fund shareholders from any dilutive costs that may be associated with the purchase of Deposit Securities in connection with creation orders on such days.
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Issuance of a Creation Unit.  Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the applicable Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the custodian that the securities included in the Fund Deposit (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Distributor or its agent and BFA shall be notified of such delivery and the applicable Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit. Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+3 basis” (i.e., three Business Days after trade date). For the iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF and iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+1 basis” (i.e., one Business Day after trade date). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than T+1 or T+3 in order to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (i.e., the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security) and in certain other circumstances.
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor, each Fund will issue Creation Units to such Authorized Participant, notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Fund Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities in accordance with the Funds' then-effective procedures. The only collateral that is acceptable to the Funds is cash in U.S. dollars. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on the contractual settlement date. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. Information concerning the Funds' current procedures for collateralization of missing Deposit Securities is available from the Distributor or its agent. The authorized participant agreement will permit the Funds to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Funds of purchasing such securities and the cash collateral.
In certain cases, Authorized Participants may create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date and in these instances, the Funds reserve the right to settle these transactions on a net basis or require a representation from the Authorized Participants that the creation and redemption transactions are for separate beneficial owners. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by each Fund and the Fund's determination shall be final and binding.
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions.  A standard creation transaction fee is imposed to offset the transfer, processing and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The standard creation transaction fee is charged on each Creation Unit created by an Authorized Participant on the day of the transaction. The standard creation transaction fee is generally fixed at the amount shown in the table regardless of the number of Creation Units being purchased, but may be reduced by a Fund if transfer and processing expenses associated with the creation are anticipated to be lower than the stated fee. If a purchase consists of a cash portion, the Authorized Participant may also be required to pay an additional transaction charge charge (up to the maximum amount shown below) to cover brokerage and certain other costs related to the creation transaction. Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Deposit Securities to the Funds. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard creation transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations*
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   $ 15,000   5.0%
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   15,000   5.0%
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF   3,300   3.0%
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF   7,800   3.0%
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   11,700   3.0%
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   4,500   3.0%
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF   15,000   3.0%
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Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations*
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF   3,000   3.0%
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF   1,900   3.0%
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF   1,200   3.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit.
If a purchase consists of a cash portion and each Fund places a brokerage transaction to purchase portfolio securities with the Authorized Participant or its affiliated broker-dealer, the Authorized Participant (or its affiliated broker-dealer) may be required, in its capacity as broker-dealer with respect to that transaction, to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, and market impact costs through an Execution Performance Guarantee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
Redemption of Creation Units.  Shares of a Fund may be redeemed by Authorized Participants only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Distributor or its agent and only on a Business Day. The Funds will not redeem shares in amounts less than Creation Units. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the secondary market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a Creation Unit that could be redeemed by an Authorized Participant. Beneficial owners also may sell shares in the secondary market.
Each Fund generally redeems Creation Units partially for cash. Please see the Cash Redemption Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the in-kind method for further information on redeeming Creation Units of the Funds.
BFA makes available through the NSCC, prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange on each Business Day, the designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”), and an amount of cash (the “Cash Amount,” as described below). Such Fund Securities and the corresponding Cash Amount (each subject to possible amendment or correction) are applicable, in order to effect redemptions of Creation Units of a Fund until such time as the next announced composition of the Fund Securities and Cash Amount is made available. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units. Procedures and requirements governing redemption transactions are set forth in the handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time.
Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for a Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of Fund Securities, plus the Cash Amount, which is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the shares being redeemed, as next determined after the receipt of a redemption request in proper form, and the value of Fund Securities, less a redemption transaction fee (as described below).
The Trust may, in its sole discretion, substitute a “cash in lieu” amount to replace any Fund Security. The amount of cash paid out in such cases will be equivalent to the value of the substituted security listed as a Fund Security. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the difference is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Each Fund generally redeems Creation Units partially for cash.
Cash Redemption Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified (Creation Units of each Fund are generally redeemed partially for cash), they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions thereof. In the case of partial or full cash redemption, the Authorized Participant receives the cash equivalent of the Fund Securities it would otherwise receive through an in-kind redemption, plus the same Cash Amount to be paid to an in-kind redeemer. The Authorized Participant will also be required to pay certain transaction fees and charges for cash redemptions, as described below, and, if transacting as broker with each Fund, may be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution and market impact costs through an Execution Performance Guarantee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
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Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions.  A redemption transaction fee is imposed to offset transfer, processing and other transaction costs that may be incurred by the relevant Fund. The standard redemption transaction fee is charged on each Creation Unit redeemed by an Authorized Participant on the day of the transaction. The standard redemption transaction fee is generally fixed at the amount shown in the table regardless of the number of Creation Units being redeemed, but may be reduced by each Fund if transfer and processing expenses associated with the redemption are anticipated to be lower than the stated fee. If a redemption consists of a cash portion, the Authorized Participant may also be required to pay an additional transaction charge (up to the maximum amount shown below) to cover brokerage and certain other costs related to the redemption transaction. Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from a Fund to their account on their order. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to dispose of Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard redemption transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Redemption
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Redemptions*
iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   $ 15,000   2.0%
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   15,000   2.0%
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF   3,300   2.0%
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF   7,800   2.0%
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   11,700   2.0%
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   4,500   2.0%
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF   15,000   2.0%
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF   3,000   2.0%
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF   1,900   2.0%
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF   1,200   2.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit, inclusive of the standard redemption transaction fee.
If a redemption consists of a cash portion and each Fund places a brokerage transaction to sell portfolio securities with the Authorized Participant or its affiliated broker-dealer, the Authorized Participant (or its affiliated broker-dealer) may be required, in its capacity as broker-dealer with respect to that transaction, to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, and market impact costs through an Execution Performance Guarantee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
Placement of Redemption Orders. Redemption requests for Creation Units of the Funds must be submitted to the Distributor or its agent by or through an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable request to redeem shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a redemption request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request.
The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption in the form required by the Funds to the Distributor or its agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an authorized participant agreement and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an authorized participant agreement. At any time, only a limited number of broker-dealers will have an authorized participant agreement in effect. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the shares to the Funds' transfer agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Funds' transfer agent the Creation Unit redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the Listing Exchange closing time on any Business Day, (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the applicable Fund is received by the Distributor or its agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor
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within the time periods specified above and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement are properly followed. If the transfer agent does not receive the investor's shares through DTC's facilities by 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Business Day next following the day that the redemption request is received, the redemption request shall be rejected. Investors should be aware that the deadline for such transfers of shares through the DTC system may be significantly earlier than the close of business on the Listing Exchange. Those making redemption requests should ascertain the deadline applicable to transfers of shares through the DTC system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effecting the transfer of the shares.
Upon receiving a redemption request, the Distributor or its agent shall notify the applicable Fund and the Fund's transfer agent of such redemption request. The tender of an investor's shares for redemption and the distribution of the securities and/or cash included in the redemption payment made in respect of Creation Units redeemed will be made through DTC and the relevant Authorized Participant to the Beneficial Owner thereof as recorded on the book-entry system of DTC or the DTC Participant through which such investor holds, as the case may be, or by such other means specified by the Authorized Participant submitting the redemption request.
A redeeming Beneficial Owner or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Beneficial Owner must maintain appropriate security arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the portfolio securities are customarily traded, to which account such portfolio securities will be delivered.
Deliveries of redemption proceeds by the Funds generally will be made within three Business Days (i.e., “T+3”). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle redemption transactions and deliver redemption proceeds on another basis to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (i.e., the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold) and in certain other circumstances. The Regular Holidays section hereto identifies the instances, if any, where more than seven days would be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Pursuant to an order of the SEC, the Trust will make delivery of redemption proceeds within the number of days stated in the Regular Holidays section to be the maximum number of days necessary to deliver redemption proceeds.
If neither the redeeming Beneficial Owner nor the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such redeeming Beneficial Owner has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of Fund Securities in the applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of Fund Securities in such jurisdiction, the Trust may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming Beneficial Owner will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In such case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the net asset value of its shares based on the NAV of the relevant Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charges specified above to offset the Trust's brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and each Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Fund cannot lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or cannot do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws.
Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit cash redemptions of Creation Units (except that, as noted above, Creation Units of each Fund generally will be redeemed partially for cash), in the event that cash redemptions are permitted or required by the Trust, proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming shares as soon as practicable after the date of redemption (within seven calendar days thereafter, except for the instances listed in the Regular Holidays section in which more than seven calendar days would be needed).
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor or its agent, in the event an Authorized Participant has submitted a redemption request in proper form but is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to the Fund, at or prior to 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Listing Exchange business day after the date of submission of such redemption request, the Distributor or its agent will accept the redemption request in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing shares as soon as possible. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash, in U.S. dollars in immediately available funds, having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing shares. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 10:00
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a.m., Eastern time on the day after the date of submission of such redemption request and shall be held by State Street and marked-to-market daily. The fees of State Street and any sub-custodians in respect of the delivery, maintenance and redelivery of the cash collateral shall be payable by the Authorized Participant. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. The authorized participant agreement permits the Funds to acquire shares of the Funds at any time and subjects the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the aggregate of the cost to the Funds of purchasing such shares, plus the value of the Cash Amount, and the value of the cash collateral.
Because the portfolio securities of a Fund may trade on exchange(s) on days that the Listing Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for such Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of such Fund, or purchase or sell shares of such Fund on the Listing Exchange on days when the NAV of such Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to any Fund: (i) for any period during which the Listing Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the Listing Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund's portfolio securities or determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units.  An Authorized Participant generally will recognize either gain or loss upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units. This gain or loss is calculated by taking the market value of the Creation Units purchased over the Authorized Participant’s aggregate basis in the Deposit Securities exchanged therefor. However, the IRS may apply the wash sales rules to determine that any loss realized upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units is not currently deductible. Authorized Participants should consult their own tax advisers.
Current U.S. federal tax laws dictate that capital gain or loss realized from the redemption of Creation Units will generally create long-term capital gain or loss if the Authorized Participant holds the Creation Units for more than one year, or short-term capital gain or loss if the Creation Units were held for one year or less, if the Creation Units are held as capital assets.
Regular Holidays. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable non-U.S. market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a non-U.S. market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within the normal settlement period.
The securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming investors, coupled with non-U.S. market holiday schedules, will require a delivery process longer than seven calendar days, in certain circumstances. The holidays applicable to each Fund during such periods are listed below, as are instances where more than seven days will be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed below for each Fund. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local securities delivery practices, could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.
In calendar years 2013 and 2014, the dates of regular holidays affecting the relevant securities markets in which a Fund invests are as follows (please note these holiday schedules are subject to potential changes in the relevant securities markets):
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2013
Australia
January 1 April 1 June 10 November 5
January 28 April 25 August 5 December 25
March 4 May 6 August 14 December 26
March 11 May 20 September 30  
March 29 June 3 October 7  
    
Austria
January 1 May 9 November 1 December 31
March 29 May 20 December 24  
April 1 May 30 December 25  
May 1 August 15 December 26  
    
Belgium
January 1 May 9 November 1  
March 29 May 10 November 11  
April 1 May 20 December 25  
May 1 August 15 December 26  
    
Brazil
January 1 March 29 November 15 December 31
January 25 May 1 November 20  
February 11 May 30 December 24  
February 12 July 9 December 25  
    
Canada
January 1 May 20 September 2 December 26
January 2 June 24 October 14  
February 18 July 1 November 11  
March 29 August 5 December 25  
    
Chile
January 1 May 27 November 1  
March 29 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
May 21 September 19    
China
January 1 February 14 May 7 October 3
January 21 February 15 May 27 October 4
February 7 February 18 July 4 October 7
February 8 May 1 September 2 October 14
February 11 May 2 September 30 November 11
February 12 May 3 October 1 November 28
February 13 May 6 October 2 December 25
    
Colombia
January 1 May 1 August 7 December 25
January 7 May 13 August 19 December 31
March 25 June 3 October 14  
March 28 June 10 November 4  
March 29 July 1 November 11  
    
The Czech Republic
January 1 July 5 December 26  
April 1 October 28 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
May 8 December 25    
    
Denmark
January 1 April 26 December 24  
March 28 May 9 December 25  
March 29 May 20 December 26  
April 1 June 5 December 31  
    
Egypt
January 1 May 5 August 8 October 16
January 7 May 6 August 11 November 4
January 24 July 1 October 6 November 5
April 25 July 23 October 14  
May 1 August 7 October 15  
The Egyptian market is closed every Friday.
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Finland
January 1 May 9 December 25  
March 29 June 21 December 26  
April 1 December 6 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
    
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
March 29 May 9 December 25  
April 1 August 15 December 26  
May 1 November 1    
    
Germany
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 25
February 11 May 9 October 3 December 26
March 29 May 20 November 1 December 31
April 1 May 30 December 24  
    
Greece
January 1 April 1 June 24 December 26
March 18 May 1 August 15  
March 25 May 3 October 28  
March 29 May 6 December 25  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 4 September 20 December 26
February 11 May 1 October 1 December 31
February 12 May 17 October 14  
March 29 June 12 December 24  
April 1 July 1 December 25  
    
Hungary
January 1 May 20 November 1  
March 15 August 19 December 24  
April 1 August 20 December 25  
May 1 October 23 December 26  
India
January 25 April 20 August 10 November 4
January 26 April 23 August 15 November 5
March 27 May 1 August 22 November 14
March 29 May 25 September 9 November 15
April 1 June 29 September 30 December 25
April 11 July 1 October 2  
April 19 August 9 October 16  
    
Indonesia
January 1 May 9 August 12 December 24
January 25 June 7 August 13 December 25
March 12 August 7 October 15 December 26
March 29 August 8 November 4 December 30
April 11 August 9 November 5 December 31
    
Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 28 December 27
March 18 May 6 December 24  
March 29 June 3 December 25  
April 1 August 5 December 26  
    
Israel
February 24 April 14 September 4 September 19
March 25 April 15 September 5 September 25
March 26 May 14 September 6 September 26
March 31 May 15 September 13  
April 1 July 16 September 18  
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
Italy
January 1 May 1 December 25  
March 29 August 15 December 26  
April 1 November 1 December 31  
April 25 December 24    
    
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Japan
January 1 February 11 May 6 October 14
January 2 March 20 July 15 November 4
January 3 April 29 September 16 December 23
January 14 May 3 September 23 December 31
    
Malaysia
January 1 May 1 June 1 October 15
January 24 May 24 August 7 November 4
February 1 May 25 August 8 November 5
February 11 May 30 August 9 December 25
February 12 May 31 August 31  
    
Mexico
January 1 March 21 September 16 December 25
February 4 March 28 November 18  
February 5 March 29 November 20  
March 18 May 1 December 12  
    
Morocco
January 1 May 1 August 14 October 17
January 11 July 30 August 20 November 5
January 24 August 8 August 21 November 6
January 25 August 9 October 16 November 18
    
The Netherlands
January 1 April 30 May 20  
March 29 May 1 December 25  
April 1 May 9 December 26  
    
New Zealand
January 1 February 6 June 3  
January 2 March 29 October 28  
January 21 April 1 December 25  
January 28 April 25 December 26  
    
Norway
January 1 May 1 December 24  
March 28 May 9 December 25  
March 29 May 17 December 26  
April 1 May 20 December 31  
Peru
January 1 July 29 December 24  
March 28 August 30 December 25  
March 29 October 8 December 31  
May 1 November 1    
    
The Philippines
January 1 April 8 August 8 December 24
February 25 May 1 August 9 December 25
March 28 May 13 August 21 December 30
March 29 June 12 November 1 December 31
    
Poland
January 1 May 3 November 11  
March 29 May 30 December 25  
April 1 August 15 December 26  
May 1 November 1    
    
Portugal
January 1 April 25 June 13 December 25
February 12 May 1 August 15 December 26
March 29 May 30 November 1  
April 1 June 10 December 24  
    
Russia
January 1 January 8 May 9  
January 2 January 9 May 10  
January 3 February 25 June 12  
January 4 March 8 November 4  
January 7 May 1    
    
Singapore
January 1 May 24 November 2  
February 11 May 25 November 4  
February 12 August 8 December 25  
March 29 August 9    
May 1 October 15    
    
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South Africa
January 1 May 1 December 16  
March 21 June 17 December 25  
March 29 August 9 December 26  
April 1 September 24    
    
South Korea
January 1 May 17 September 19  
February 11 June 6 September 20  
March 1 July 17 October 3  
April 5 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
    
Spain
January 1 March 29 May 15 December 25
January 7 April 1 August 15 December 26
March 19 May 1 November 1  
March 28 May 2 December 6  
    
Sweden
January 1 May 9 December 25  
March 29 June 6 December 26  
April 1 June 21 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
    
Switzerland
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 2 May 9 September 5 December 31
March 19 May 20 November 1  
March 29 May 30 December 24  
April 1 August 1 December 25  
    
Taiwan
January 1 February 12 April 4 October 10
February 7 February 13 May 1  
February 8 February 14 June 12  
February 11 February 28 September 19  
    
Thailand
January 1 April 16 July 1 December 5
February 25 May 1 July 23 December 10
April 8 May 6 August 12 December 31
April 15 May 27 October 23  
Turkey
January 1 August 9 October 16 October 29
April 23 August 30 October 17  
August 7 October 14 October 18  
August 8 October 15 October 28  
    
The United Kingdom
January 1 May 6 December 25  
March 29 May 27 December 26  
April 1 August 26    
2014
Australia
January 1 April 21 June 9 November 4
January 27 April 25 August 4 December 25
March 3 May 5 August 13 December 26
March 10 May 19 September 29  
April 18 June 2 October 6  
    
Austria
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 December 8 December 31
April 18 June 9 December 24  
April 21 June 19 December 25  
    
Belgium
January 1 May 29 August 15  
April 18 May 30 November 11  
April 21 June 9 December 25  
May 1 July 21 December 26  
    
Brazil
January 1 April 18 July 9 December 31
January 20 April 21 November 20  
March 3 May 1 December 24  
March 4 June 19 December 25  
    
Canada
January 1 May 19 September 1 December 26
January 2 June 24 October 13  
February 17 July 1 November 11  
April 18 August 4 December 25  
    
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Chile
January 1 June 16 December 8  
April 18 August 15 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
May 21 September 19    
    
China
January 1 February 6 May 7 October 6
January 20 February 7 May 26 October 7
January 30 February 17 July 4 October 13
January 31 May 1 September 1 November 11
February 3 May 2 October 1 November 27
February 4 May 5 October 2 December 25
February 5 May 6 October 3  
    
Colombia
January 1 May 1 August 18 December 25
January 6 June 2 October 13 December 31
March 24 June 23 November 3  
April 17 June 30 November 17  
April 18 August 7 December 8  
    
The Czech Republic
January 1 October 28 December 26  
April 21 November 17 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
May 8 December 25    
    
Denmark
January 1 May 16 December 24  
April 17 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 5 December 26  
April 21 June 9 December 31  
    
Egypt
January 1 April 21 July 28 October 6
January 7 May 1 July 29  
January 13 July 1 July 30  
April 20 July 23 October 5  
The Egyptian market is closed every Friday.
Finland
January 1 May 1 December 25  
January 6 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 20 December 31  
April 21 December 24    
    
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
April 18 May 29 December 25  
April 21 July 14 December 26  
May 1 August 15    
    
Germany
April 6 December 25    
April 9 December 26    
May 1      
    
Greece
January 1 April 18 August 15  
January 6 April 21 October 28  
March 3 May 1 December 25  
March 25 June 9 December 26  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 21 July 1 December 24
January30 May 1 September 9 December 25
January 31 May 6 October 1 December 26
April 18 June 2 October 2 December 31
    
Hungary
January 1 June 9 December 24  
April 21 August 20 December 25  
May 1 October 23 December 26  
May 2 October 24    
    
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India
January 14 April 18 August 15 October 6
February 27 May 1 August 18 October 23
March 17 May 14 August 23 November 4
March 31 June 30 August 29 November 6
April 1 July 1 September 30 December 25
April 8 July 29 October 2  
April 14 July 30 October 3  
    
Indonesia
January 1 May 15 July 30 December 24
January 13 May 26 July 31 December 25
January 31 May 29 August 1 December 26
March 31 July 28 August 18 December 31
April 18 July 29 October 6  
    
Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 27 December 29
March 17 May 5 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 4 December 26  
    
Israel
March 16 May 4 September 24 October 9
April 14 May 5 September 25 October 15
April 15 June 3 September 26 October 16
April 20 June 4 October 3  
April 21 August 5 October 8  
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
Italy
January 1 April 25 December 8 December 31
January 6 May 1 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 15 December 26  
    
Japan
January 1 February 11 July 21 November 3
January 2 March 21 September 15 November 24
January 3 April 29 September 23 December 23
January 13 May 5 October 13 December 31
Malaysia
January 1 February 3 June 7 October 6
January 14 May 1 July 28 October 22
January 30 May 13 July 29 October 23
January 31 May 15 July 30 October 25
February 1 May 30 September 1 December 25
    
Mexico
January 1 March 21 September 16 December 25
February 3 April 17 November 17  
February 5 April 18 November 20  
March 17 May 1 December 12  
    
Morocco
January 1 July 28 August 20 November 18
January 14 July 29 August 21  
January 15 July 30 October 6  
May 1 August 14 November 6  
    
The Netherlands
January 1 April 30 June 9  
April 18 May 1 December 25  
April 21 May 29 December 26  
    
New Zealand
January 1 February 6 June 2  
January 2 April 18 October 27  
January 20 April 21 December 25  
January 27 April 25 December 26  
    
Norway
January 1 May 1 December 25  
April 17 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 9 December 31  
April 21 December 24    
    
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Peru
January 1 July 28 December 24  
April 17 July 29 December 25  
April 18 October 8 December 31  
May 1 December 8    
    
The Philippines
January 1 April 18 July 29 December 30
February 25 May 1 August 21 December 31
April 7 June 12 December 24  
April 17 July 28 December 25  
    
Poland
January 1 May 1 November 11  
April 18 June 19 December 25  
April 21 August 15 December 26  
    
Russia
January 1 January 8 May 9  
January 2 February 24 June 12  
January 3 March 10 June 13  
January 6 May 1 November 3  
January 7 May 2 November 4  
    
Singapore
January 1 May 1 August 9 December 25
January 31 May 13 October 6  
February 1 May 15 October 22  
April 18 July 28 October 23  
    
South Africa
January 1 April 28 December 16  
March 21 May 1 December 25  
April 18 June 16 December 26  
April 21 September 24    
    
South Korea
January 1 March 1 August 15 October 3
January 30 May 5 September 7 December 24
January 31 May 6 September 8  
February 1 June 6 September 9  
    
Spain
January 1 April 21 July 25 December 25
January 6 May 1 August 15 December 26
April 17 May 2 September 9  
April 18 May 15 December 8  
    
Sweden
January 1 May 1 December 24  
January 6 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 6 December 26  
April 21 June 20 December 31  
    
Switzerland
January 1 April 21 August 1 December 25
January 2 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 September 11 December 31
March 19 June 9 December 8  
April 18 June 19 December 24  
    
Taiwan
January 1 January 31 May 1  
January 28 February 3 September 8  
January 29 February 4 October 10  
January 30 February 28    
    
Thailand
January 1 April 15 July 1 December 5
February 14 May 1 July 14 December 10
April 7 May 5 August 12  
April 14 May 14 October 23  
    
Turkey
January 1 July 28 October 3 October 28
April 23 July 29 October 6 October 29
May 19 July 30 October 7  
    
The United Kingdom
January 1 May 5 December 25  
April 18 May 26 December 26  
April 21 August 25    
       
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Redemptions. The longest redemption cycle for a Fund is a function of the longest redemption cycle among the countries and regions whose stocks comprise the Fund. In the calendar years 2013 and 2014, the dates of regular holidays affecting the following securities markets present the worst-case redemption cycles* for a Fund as follows:
2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Austria   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
China   02/04/13   02/19/13   15
    02/05/13   02/20/13   15
    02/06/13   02/21/13   15
    04/26/13   05/08/13   12
    04/29/13   05/09/13   10
    04/30/13   05/10/13   10
    09/25/13   10/08/13   13
    09/26/13   10/09/13   13
    09/27/13   10/10/13   13
The Czech Republic   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Denmark   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Egypt   10/08/13   10/17/13   9
    10/09/13   10/18/13   9
    10/10/13   10/21/13   11
    10/29/13   11/06/13   8
    10/30/13   11/07/13   8
    10/31/13   11/08/13   8
Finland   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Germany   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Hungary   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
Indonesia   08/02/13   08/14/13   12
    08/05/13   08/15/13   10
    08/06/13   08/16/13   10
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   01/02/14   13
    12/23/13   01/03/14   11
Ireland   12/19/13   12/30/13   11
    12/20/13   12/31/13   11
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Italy   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
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2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Malaysia   08/02/13   08/12/13   10
    08/05/13   08/13/13   8
    08/06/13   08/14/13   8
Norway   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
The Philippines   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Portugal   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
South Africa   03/14/13   03/22/13   8
    03/15/13   03/25/13   10
    03/18/13   03/26/13   8
    03/19/13   03/27/13   8
    03/20/13   03/28/13   8
    03/22/13   04/02/13   11
    03/25/13   04/03/13   8
    03/26/13   04/04/13   8
    03/27/13   04/05/13   8
    03/28/13   04/08/13   11
    04/24/13   05/02/13   8
    04/25/13   05/03/13   8
    04/26/13   05/06/13   10
    04/29/13   05/07/13   8
    04/30/13   05/08/13   8
    06/10/13   06/18/13   8
    06/11/13   06/19/13   8
    06/12/13   06/20/13   8
    06/13/13   06/21/13   8
    06/14/13   06/24/13   10
    08/02/13   08/12/13   10
    08/05/13   08/13/13   8
    08/06/13   08/14/13   8
    08/07/13   08/15/13   8
    08/08/13   08/16/13   8
    09/17/13   09/25/13   8
    09/18/13   09/26/13   8
    09/19/13   09/27/13   8
    09/20/13   09/30/13   10
    09/23/13   10/01/13   8
    12/11/13   12/19/13   8
    12/12/13   12/20/13   8
    12/13/13   12/23/13   10
    12/18/13   12/27/13   9
    12/19/13   12/30/13   11
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2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/20/13   12/31/13   11
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/24/13   01/03/14   10
Spain   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
Sweden   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Switzerland   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Taiwan   02/05/13   02/15/13   10
    02/06/13   02/18/13   12
Turkey   10/10/13   10/21/13   11
    10/11/13   10/22/13   11
    
2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Austria   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
China   01/27/14   02/10/14   14
    01/28/14   02/11/14   14
    01/29/14   02/12/14   14
    04/28/14   05/08/14   10
    04/29/14   05/09/14   10
    04/30/14   05/12/14   12
    09/26/14   10/08/14   12
    09/29/14   10/09/14   10
    09/30/14   10/10/14   10
The Czech Republic   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Denmark   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    04/14/14   04/23/14   8
    04/15/14   04/24/14   8
    04/16/14   04/25/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Egypt   12/31/13   01/08/14   8
    01/06/14   01/14/14   8
    04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    04/17/14   04/27/14   10
    07/21/14   07/31/14   10
    07/22/14   08/03/14   12
    07/24/14   08/04/14   11
    09/29/14   10/07/14   8
    09/30/14   10/08/14   8
    10/01/14   10/09/14   8
    10/02/14   10/12/14   10
Finland   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
Hungary   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
Indonesia   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    07/23/14   08/04/14   12
    07/24/14   08/05/14   12
    07/25/14   08/06/14   12
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   11
Ireland   12/23/14   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Italy   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Malaysia   01/27/14   02/04/14   8
    01/28/14   02/05/14   8
    01/29/14   02/06/14   8
    07/23/14   07/31/14   8
    07/24/14   08/01/14   8
    07/25/14   08/04/14   10
Norway   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
The Philippines   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/26/13   01/03/14   8
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
    12/26/14   01/05/15   10
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
Portugal   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
South Africa   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/24/13   01/03/14   10
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/30/13   01/07/14   8
    12/31/13   01/08/14   8
    03/14/14   03/24/14   10
    03/17/14   03/25/14   8
    03/18/14   03/26/14   8
    03/19/14   03/27/14   8
    03/20/14   03/28/14   8
    04/11/14   04/22/14   9
    04/14/14   04/23/14   9
    04/15/14   04/24/14   9
    04/16/14   04/25/14   9
    04/17/14   04/29/14   12
    04/22/14   04/30/14   8
    04/23/14   05/02/14   9
    04/24/14   05/05/14   11
    04/25/14   05/06/14   11
    04/29/14   05/07/14   8
    04/30/14   05/08/14   8
    06/09/14   06/17/14   8
    06/10/14   06/18/14   8
    06/11/14   06/19/14   8
    06/12/14   06/20/14   8
    06/13/14   06/23/14   10
    09/17/14   09/25/14   8
    09/18/14   09/26/14   8
    09/19/14   09/29/14   10
    09/22/14   09/30/14   8
    09/23/14   10/01/14   8
    12/09/14   12/17/14   8
    12/10/14   12/18/14   8
    12/11/14   12/19/14   8
    12/12/14   12/22/14   10
    12/15/14   12/23/14   8
    12/18/14   12/29/14   11
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
    12/14/14   01/05/15   12
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
    12/30/14   01/07/15   8
    12/31/14   01/08/15   8
Spain   04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
Sweden   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Switzerland   12/23/13   01/03/14   11
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/30/13   01/07/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/05/14   13
    12/29/14   01/06/14   8
    12/30/14   01/07/14   8
Taiwan   01/24/14   02/05/14   12
    01/27/14   02/06/14   10

* These worst-case redemption cycles are based on information regarding regular holidays, which may be out of date. Based on changes in holidays, longer (worse) redemption cycles are possible.
Taxes
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of a Fund. This summary does not address all of the potential U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to a Fund or to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special tax rules. Current and prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of investing in a Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications.  Each Fund intends to qualify for treatment as a separate RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, each Fund must annually distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes dividends, interest and net short-term capital gains) and meet several other requirements. Among such other requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of each Fund’s annual gross income must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or non-U.S. currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income); and (ii) at the close of each quarter of each Fund's taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of each Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited for purposes of this calculation in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of each Fund's total assets may be invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, of two or more issuers of which 20% or more of the voting stock is held by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly-traded partnerships.
A Fund may be able to cure a failure to derive 90% of its income from the sources specified above or a failure to diversify its holdings in the manner described above by paying a tax and/or by disposing of certain assets. If, in any taxable year, a Fund fails one of these tests and does not timely cure the failure, that Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by that Fund in computing its taxable income.
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Although, in general, the passive loss rules of the Internal Revenue Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships. A Fund's investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly-traded partnerships, may result in the Fund being subject to state, local, or non-U.S. income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
Taxation of RICs.  As a RIC, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, a Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., income other than its net realized long-term capital gain over its net realized short-term capital loss), plus or minus certain adjustments, and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. A Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders. If a Fund fails to qualify for any taxable year as a RIC or fails to meet the distribution requirement, all of its taxable income will be subject to tax at regular corporate income tax rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. In such event, distributions to individuals should be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income and distributions to corporate shareholders generally should be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Although each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and its capital gains for each taxable year, each Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a RIC. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the Fund had been liquidated) if it qualifies as a RIC in a subsequent year.
Excise Tax. A Fund will be subject to a 4% excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the 12 months ended October 31 of such year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by a Fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. Each Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of this 4% excise tax.
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards.  Net capital loss carryforwards may be applied against any net realized capital gains in each succeeding year, until they have been reduced to zero or until their respective expiration dates, whichever occurs first. Capital loss carryforwards from taxable years beginning after 2010 are not subject to expiration, and short-term and long-term capital loss carryforwards from such taxable years may only be applied against net realized short-term and long-term capital gains, respectively.
In the event that a Fund were to experience an ownership change as defined under the Internal Revenue Code, the Fund’s loss carryforwards and other favorable tax attributes of a Fund, if any, may be subject to limitation.
The following Funds had tax basis net capital loss carryforwards as of the tax year-end July 31, 2013:
Fund   Non-Expiring 1   Expiring
2017
  Expiring
2018
  Expiring
2019
  Total
iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   $ 26         $ 26
iShares Developed Small-Cap ex North America ETF   1,198,622   $ 373,813   $ 1,478,690     3,051,125
iShares MSCI ACWI ETF   23,931,817   568,319   5,090,715   $ 6,821,554   36,412,405
iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   19,325,852   450,894   7,365,062   7,522,978   34,664,786
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   133,219,551   114,780   5,230,616   2,799,079   141,364,026
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Fund   Non-Expiring 1   Expiring
2017
  Expiring
2018
  Expiring
2019
  Total
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF   332,201         332,201
iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF   89,268         89,268
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Financials ETF   215,209       20,135   235,344
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Materials ETF   315,245       49,937   365,182

1 Must be utilized prior to losses subject to expiration.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends and other distributions by a Fund are generally treated under the Internal Revenue Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or distribution declared by a Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month shall be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year and to have been paid by the Fund not later than such December 31, provided such dividend is actually paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year.
Each Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if a Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.
Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that a Fund reports as capital gains dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. All other dividends of a Fund (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current and accumulated earnings and profits (“regular dividends”) are generally subject to tax as ordinary income, subject to the discussion of qualified dividend income below. Married couples filing jointly with income over $450,000 and unmarried individuals with income over $400,000 are subject to a 20% tax on any income in excess of those amounts that is long-term capital gain or qualified dividend income, and generally all other long-term capital gain is taxed at 15% (0% at certain income levels). In addition, the top marginal ordinary income tax rate is 39.6% for income in excess of the above thresholds, which are adjusted annually for inflation.
If an individual receives a regular dividend qualifying for the long-term capital gains rates and such dividend constitutes an “extraordinary dividend,” and the individual subsequently recognizes a loss on the sale or exchange of stock in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term capital loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An “extraordinary dividend” on common stock for this purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 10% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period, or (ii) in an amount greater than 20% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.
Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds shares of the Fund as capital assets). Distributions in excess of a Fund’s minimum distribution requirements, but not in excess of a Fund’s earnings and profits, will be taxable to shareholders and will not constitute
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nontaxable returns of capital. Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount. Dividends paid by a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by a Fund from domestic corporations may qualify for the federal dividends received deduction for corporations.
A 3.8% U.S. federal Medicare contribution tax is imposed on net investment income, including, but not limited to, interest, dividends, and net gain from investments, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married and filing jointly) and of estates and trusts.
Investors considering buying shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them. If a Fund is the holder of record of any security on the record date for any dividends payable with respect to such security, such dividends will be included in the Fund’s gross income not as of the date received but as of the later of (a) the date such security became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends (i.e., the date on which a buyer of the security would not be entitled to receive the declared, but unpaid, dividends); or (b) the date the Fund acquired such security. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, a Fund may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.
In certain situations, a Fund may, for a taxable year, defer all or a portion of its net capital loss realized after October and its late-year ordinary loss (defined as the excess of a Fund’s post-October foreign currency and “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) losses and other post-December ordinary losses over post-October foreign currency and PFIC gains and other post-December ordinary income) until the next taxable year in computing its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, which will defer the recognition of such realized losses. Such deferrals and other rules regarding gains and losses realized after October (or December) may affect the tax character of shareholder distributions.
Sales of Shares.  Upon the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund. A redemption of shares by a Fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the Funds, by, or by an option on, substantially identical shares within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder with respect to such share. The Medicare contribution tax described above will apply to the sale of Fund shares.
If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of a Fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then, on or before January 31 of the following calendar year, acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain/loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis of the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents shareholders from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting their investments within a family of mutual funds.
Back-Up Withholding.  In certain cases, a Fund will be required to withhold at a 28% rate and remit to the U.S. Treasury such amounts withheld from any distributions paid to a shareholder who: (i) has failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number; (ii) is subject to back-up withholding by the IRS; (iii) has failed to certify to a Fund that such shareholder is not subject to back-up withholding; or (iv) has not certified that such shareholder is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). Back-up withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability.
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Sections 351 and 362.  The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, has the right to reject an order for a purchase of shares of the Fund if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of a given Fund and if, pursuant to Sections 351 and 362 of the Internal Revenue Code, that Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. If a Fund’s basis in such securities on the date of deposit was less than market value on such date, the Fund, upon disposition of the securities, would recognize more taxable gain or less taxable loss than if its basis in the securities had been equal to market value. It is not anticipated that the Trust will exercise the right of rejection except in a case where the Trust determines that accepting the order could result in material adverse tax consequences to a Fund or its shareholders. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.
Taxation of Certain Derivatives. A Fund’s transactions in zero coupon securities, non-U.S. currencies, forward contracts, options and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on non-U.S. currencies), to the extent permitted, will be subject to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require a Fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year) and (b) may cause a Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. Each Fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any zero coupon security, non-U.S. currency, forward contract, option, futures contract or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC.
A Fund’s investments in so-called “Section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most non-U.S. currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most security indexes, are subject to special tax rules. All Section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the Fund from positions in Section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the Fund.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, a Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. A Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, a Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.
Qualified Dividend Income.  Distributions by a Fund of investment company taxable income (including any short-term capital gains), whether received in cash or shares, will be taxable either as ordinary income or as qualified dividend income, which is eligible to be taxed at long-term capital gain rates to the extent a Fund receives qualified dividend income on the securities it holds and a Fund reports the distribution as qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable U.S. corporations (but generally not from U.S. REITs) and certain non-U.S. corporations (e.g., non-U.S. corporations that are not “passive foreign investment companies” and which are incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or the stock of which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States (where the dividends are paid with respect to such stock)). Under current IRS guidance, the United States has appropriate comprehensive income tax treaties with the following countries: Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China (but not with Hong Kong, which is treated as a separate jurisdiction for U.S. tax purposes), Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
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Romania, Russia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela. Substitute payments received by a Fund for securities lent out by a Fund will not be qualified dividend income.
A dividend from a Fund will not be treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that (i) the shareholder has not held the shares on which the dividend was paid for 61 days during the 121-day period that begins on the date that is 60 days before the date on which the shares become ex-dividend with respect to such dividend or a Fund fails to satisfy those holding period requirements with respect to the securities it holds that paid the dividends distributed to the shareholder (or, in the case of certain preferred stocks, the holding requirement of 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend); (ii) a Fund or the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property; or (iii) the shareholder elects to treat such dividend as investment income under Section 163(d)(4)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code. Dividends received by a Fund from a REIT or another RIC may be treated as qualified dividend income only to the extent the dividend distributions are attributable to qualified dividend income received by such REIT or other RIC. It is expected that dividends received by a Fund from a REIT and distributed to a shareholder generally will be taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income. Distributions by a Fund of its net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income.
If your Fund shares are loaned pursuant to securities lending arrangements, you may lose the ability to use any non-U.S. tax credits passed through by a Fund or to treat Fund dividends (paid while the shares are held by the borrower) as qualified dividends. Regarding a short sale with respect to shares of a Fund, substitute payments made to the lender of such shares may not be deductible under certain circumstances. Consult your financial intermediary or tax adviser.
Corporate Dividends Received Deduction. Dividends paid by a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations may qualify for the U.S. federal dividends received deduction for corporations. A 46-day minimum holding period during the 90-day period that begins 45 days prior to ex-dividend date (or 91-day minimum holding period during the 180 period beginning 90 days prior to ex-dividend date for certain preference dividends) during which risk of loss may not be diminished is required for the applicable shares, at both the Fund and shareholder level, for a dividend to be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Restrictions may apply if indebtedness, including a short sale, is attributable to the investment.
Issues Related to India and Mauritius Taxes.  The following discussion does not address the effect on investors, including residents of India and citizens of India (whether or not residing in India or other countries, including the United States), of holding shares of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF. Investors should consult their own tax advisors as to these issues based upon their own personal situations.
Indian tax matters discussed herein are based on the provisions of the IT Act, the provisions of the DTAA and other laws currently in force as of the date of this SAI. All such laws and the DTAA are subject to prospective and retrospective legislative amendment, administrative rulings and judicial review.
Each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF invests in India through its Subsidiary. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, each Subsidiary has elected to be treated as an entity disregarded from its owner. Thus, for U.S. federal tax purposes, any income or loss realized by a Subsidiary will be treated as realized by the applicable fund. Therefore, any investment made by each Fund into a Subsidiary and any distributions received by the Fund from a Subsidiary are disregarded for U.S. federal tax purposes. Furthermore, there is no tax on each Fund's investment in a Subsidiary or on distributions made from a Subsidiary to the Fund.
No investor Each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF will be subject to taxation in India, unless such investor is a resident of India or, if a non-resident, has an Indian source income or income received (whether accrued or otherwise) in India. The taxation of a Subsidiary and a Fund in India is governed by the provisions of the ITA, read with the provisions of the DTAA. As per Section 90(2) of the ITA, the provisions of the ITA would apply to the extent they are more beneficial than the provisions of the DTAA. In order to claim the beneficial provisions of the DTAA, a Subsidiary must be a tax resident of Mauritius. Because each Subsidiary is a tax resident of Mauritius, only the Subsidiaries would be subject to Indian taxes.
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The Central Board of Direct Taxes in India in its Circular 789, issued on April 13, 2000, concluded that a valid residence certificate issued by the Mauritius authorities demonstrated Mauritian residency for purposes of establishing eligibility to qualify for benefits under the DTAA. The Circular was subject to judicial challenge in India by those asserting that the standards for establishing Mauritian residency for purposes of obtaining such a certificate were insufficient to establish residency for purposes of the DTAA. The Circular was successfully overturned in certain lower Indian courts but was eventually upheld by the highest applicable court, the Supreme Court of India, on October 7, 2003, accordingly each Subsidiary should be eligible for benefits under the DTAA. However, recently issued rulings suggest that a number of factors are being considered by the Indian tax administration when assessing whether a foreign entity is eligible for the benefit of the provisions of a tax treaty, including, among others, the place of management of the foreign resident company and the level of substance in the jurisdiction in which it is incorporated. In addition, both the Indian tax administration and Indian courts seem to be very aggressive towards structures involving offshore funds investing directly or indirectly in India, in particular from Mauritius.
Each Subsidiary has been incorporated in Mauritius and has obtained a TRC from the Mauritius authorities that establishes its residency in Mauritius under the DTAA. The TRC must be renewed annually. Each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF expects its Subsidiary to maintain its Mauritius tax residency, but it cannot be assured that the Mauritius authorities will successfully renew its TRC annually or that it will continue to be eligible to the DTAA benefits, particularly in light of the new requirements that may be introduced if the DTAA is re-negotiated.
Further, FA 13 provides that an investor is required to submit the tax residency certificate (“TRC”) as issued in the country of residence and provide other documents and information as prescribed by the Government to claim benefits under the DTAA.
Each Subsidiary holds a Category 1 Global Business License issued by the Financial Services Commission of Mauritius. Each Subsidiary is subject to tax in Mauritius on its net income at the rate of 15%. However, a system of foreign tax credits which allows a tax credit against Mauritian taxes for foreign tax on a Mauritian entity’s foreign source income effectively reduces the Mauritius income tax rate to a maximum of 3% because the system presumes, in the absence of evidence, that the foreign tax paid is equal to 80% of the Mauritian tax. Further, a Subsidiary is not subject to capital gains tax in Mauritius nor is it subject to tax in Mauritius on any gains from the sale of securities. Any dividends paid by a Subsidiary to each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF will also be exempt from tax in Mauritius.
Each Subsidiary will attempt to abide by the requirements of the DTAA, to maintain its residency in Mauritius, and to ensure that management and control of the Subsidiary remain in Mauritius. It is uncertain whether the terms of this treaty will be renegotiated or subject to a different interpretation in the future. Any change in the provisions of the DTAA or in its applicability to a Subsidiary could result in a Subsidiary and indirectly each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF being subject to Indian income taxes, withholding taxes, and other taxes, as well as being subject to administrative or judicial assertion of such tax liabilities by the tax authorities of India. This could significantly reduce the return of a Fund on its investments and the return received by Fund shareholders. Further, it is possible even with renegotiation of the DTAA that the Indian tax authorities may seek to take the position that a Fund is not entitled to the benefits of the DTAA.
Each Subsidiary is expected to have income in the form of capital gains, income from dividends and income from interest. The Indian tax consequences for a Subsidiary on account of the application of the DTAA, read with the provisions of the ITA, would be as follows (the rates are inclusive of the highest applicable surcharges):
Capital gains resulting from the sale of Indian securities (including depositary receipts issued by Indian companies) will not be subject to tax in India, provided the Subsidiary does not have Permanent Establishments (“PE”) in India;
Dividends on shares received from an Indian company on which dividend distribution tax has been paid are exempt from tax in the hands of the shareholders. However, the Indian company distributing dividends is subject to a dividend distribution tax at the rate of 16.995%; and
Interest paid to a Subsidiary in respect of the debt obligations of Indian issuers will be subject to Indian income tax. The tax rate, in the case of rupee-denominated debt obligations, is 43.26%. However if the Subsidiary is a SEBI
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  registered sub-account, interest income earned from June 1, 2013 to June 1, 2015 on rupee-denominated bonds of Indian companies and Government securities, will be subject to tax at the rate of 5.41%, provided that the rate of interest does not exceed the prescribed rates. In the case of foreign currency-denominated debt obligations, the tax rate is 21.63%. For approved foreign currency loans advanced from July 1, 2012 to July 1, 2015, the tax rate on interest is 5.41%. However, if the Subsidiary is a SEBI registered sub-account, the interest from securities will be subject to tax at the rate of 21.63%.
In the event that the benefits of the DTAA are not available to the Subsidiary, or if the Subsidiary is held to have PE in India, taxation of interest and dividend income of the Subsidiary would be the same as described above. The taxation of capital gains would be as follows:
Long-term capital gains (being gains on sale of shares held for a period of more than twelve months) listed on a recognized stock exchange would not be taxable in India provided Securities Transaction Tax (“STT”) has been paid on the same (as discussed below);
Short-term capital gains (being gains on sale of shares held for a period of twelve months or less) from the sale of Indian shares listed on a recognized stock exchange will be taxed at the rate of 16.223% provided STT has been paid on the same;
Long-term capital gains arising to the Subsidiary from the sale of unlisted securities will be taxed at the rate of 10.815% (without indexation) and short-term capital gains will be taxed at the rate of 43.26%*;
Capital gains realized on sale of listed equity shares not executed on a recognized stock exchange in India and other securities would be taxed at the rate of 21.63% for long-term gains and at 43.26% in the case of short-term gains;* and
Capital gains arising from the transfer of depositary receipts outside India between non-resident investors will not be subject to tax in India.

* However, if the Subsidiary is a SEBI registered sub-account, the rates will be 10.816% and 32.45%, respectively.
In a ruling issued by the Authority for Advance Rulings (“AAR”) in India, gains earned by a private equity fund based in Mauritius were held to be “business income.” It is possible that the Indian tax authorities may take a similar view in the case of each Subsidiary. In that event, such gains will not be taxable in India so long as the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF/Subsidiaries do not have a PE in India. In the event that the Funds/Subsidiaries are held to have a PE in India, gains attributable to the PE would be taxable in India at the rate of 43.26%.
Indian Minimum Alternative Tax
In the event that the benefits of the DTAA are not available to a Subsidiary, or if a Subsidiary is held to have PE in India, the Subsidiary may be subject to a Minimum Alternate Tax (“MAT”). In the event that a company’s tax liability is less than 18.5% of its book profits, then instead of paying income tax at rates provided otherwise under the ITA, the foreign company will pay MAT on the adjusted book profits at the rate of 20.008%.
In certain recent rulings issued by the AAR, it was held that MAT is applicable to foreign companies, irrespective of the existence of a permanent establishment in India. In the said cases, it was held that the capital gains earned by the Mauritius assessee-company from sale of shares of an Indian company would be entitled to the benefits under the DTAA. However, in relation to applicability of MAT, it was held that the MAT provisions would apply to the Mauritius company. Due to this decision, it is unclear whether MAT would be applicable to the Subsidiary even though the benefits of the DTAA are available to the Subsidiary.
Consequent to the aforesaid adverse ruling by the AAR, the assessees have filed Special Leave Petition before the Supreme Court of India, the leave for which has been granted by order dated May 7, 2013. Accordingly, a conclusive view can be formed on this issue post the decision of the Supreme Court of India.
Indian Securities Transaction Tax
All transactions entered on a recognized stock exchange in India will be subject to STT levied on the transaction value. In the case of the purchase/sale of listed equity shares which is settled by way of actual delivery or transfer of the equity share, no
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STT will be levied on the buyer and will be levied at the rate of 0.001% on the seller and at the rate of 0.2% on the sale of unlisted shares in an initial public offering. For sale of equity shares settled otherwise than by way actual delivery or transfer of the equity share, STT will be levied at the rate of 0.025% on the seller of the equity share. A seller of derivatives would be subjected to an STT of 0.01%. The STT can be set off against business income tax calculated as per provisions of ITA.
The foregoing is based upon current interpretation and practice and is subject to future changes in the tax laws of India or Mauritius and in the DTAA. Any change in the DTAA's application could have a material adverse effect on the returns of each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF. Further, it is possible that the Indian tax authorities may seek to take the position that a Fund is not entitled to the benefits of the DTAA.
The Direct Taxes Code and the Finance Act, 2012
Indian Tax Risk. In 2010, it was proposed that the IT Act may be replaced with the Direct Taxes Code. The Parliamentary Standing Committee released its comments on the draft Direct Taxes Code on March 9, 2012, which is under consideration by the Government of India. The revised Direct Taxes Code is yet to be tabeled before the Parliament for reconsideration.
Given the delay in enacting the Direct Taxes Code, the Government of India, through the Finance Act 2012 (“FA 12”), which was enacted on May 28, 2012, had introduced certain key changes to the existing tax framework in India. FA 12 has provisions that impose Indian tax and withholding obligations with respect to the transfer of shares in an overseas company that derives its value substantially from assets situated in India (“indirect transfers”). Because each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF invest in Indian securities through the Subsidiaries, this legislation by its terms subjects shareholder redemptions of Fund shares and sales of Fund investments to Indian tax and withholding obligations, both prospectively as well as retroactively. However, the CBDT issued a letter on May 29, 2012 clarifying the reopening of completed assessments as a result of the retroactive amendments introduced by the Finance Act. Under this letter, CBDT has directed Indian tax authorities to not reopen any assessment proceedings that were completed before April 1, 2012 and where no notice for reassessment has been issued prior to that date. It has also been clarified that any assessment or any other order which stands validated due to the amendments in the Finance Act would be enforced. Given this clarification issued by the CBDT, the Funds do not expect that shareholders or the Funds will become subject to tax or to withholding obligations with respect to completed assessments.
In addition, FA 12 had introduced the general tax anti-avoidance rules (“GAAR”) to curb aggressive tax planning with the use of sophisticated structures and was to be effective from April 1, 2013. Based on recommendations of the Expert Committee on GAAR established by the Government of India, FA 13 (which was enacted on May 10, 2013) has deferred the implementation of GAAR by two years and has also made some changes to the provisions of GAAR. GAAR would be now effective from financial year beginning from April 1, 2015 onwards.
If the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF's, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF's, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF's and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF's use of the Subsidiaries were considered to be such an impermissible avoidance arrangement, the Fund would become subject directly to taxation in India. GAAR is expected to come into force from April 2013. The burden of proof in enforcing the rule will reside with the Indian government, not the taxpayer, and India’s current double tax treaty arrangements will remain in force. However, GAAR may prevent the Funds from realizing the planned tax benefits of the Subsidiaries, irrespective of existing beneficial treaty provisions, may lead to the imposition of tax liabilities and withholding obligations, and may lead the Fund to modify or disassemble its Subsidiaries structure.
Provisions of the current legislation and the Direct Taxes Code (if enacted), could change the manner in which the Subsidiaries are currently taxed in India and could adversely impact the returns to each of the iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF, iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI All Country Asia Information Technology ETF/Subsidiaries and their respective shareholders. The Funds will continue to monitor developments in India with respect to these matters. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to their own tax situations and the tax consequences of an investment in each of the Funds.
Excess Inclusion Income.  Under current law, the Funds serve to block unrelated business taxable income from being realized by their respective tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize unrelated business taxable income by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed
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property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. Certain types of income received by a Fund from REITs, real estate mortgage investment conduits, taxable mortgage pools or other investments may cause the Fund to report some or all of its distributions as “excess inclusion income.” To Fund shareholders, such excess inclusion income may (i) constitute taxable income, as unrelated business taxable income for those shareholders who would otherwise be tax-exempt such as individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, Keogh plans, pension plans and certain charitable entities; (ii) not be offset by otherwise allowable deductions for tax purposes; (iii) not be eligible for reduced U.S. withholding for non-U.S. shareholders even from tax treaty countries; and (iv) cause the Fund to be subject to tax if certain “disqualified organizations,” as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, are Fund shareholders. If a charitable remainder annuity trust or a charitable remainder unitrust (each as defined in Section 664 of the Internal Revenue Code) has unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) for a taxable year, a 100% excise tax on the UBTI is imposed on the trust.
Non-U.S. Investments.  Under Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time a Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a non-U.S. currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. In general, gains (and losses) realized on debt instruments will be treated as Section 988 gain (or loss) to the extent attributable to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which the instruments are denominated. Similarly, gains or losses on non-U.S. currency, non-U.S. currency forward contracts and certain non-U.S. currency options or futures contracts denominated in non-U.S. currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss unless the Fund were to elect otherwise.
Each Fund may be subject to non-U.S. income taxes withheld at the source. Each Fund, if permitted to do so, may elect to “pass through” to its investors the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid by the Fund provided that the Fund held the security on the dividend settlement date and for at least 15 additional days immediately before and/or thereafter, with the result that each investor with respect to shares of the Fund held for a minimum 16-day holding period at the time of deemed distribution will (i) include in gross income, even though not actually received, the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes, and (ii) either deduct (in calculating U.S. taxable income, but only for investors who itemize their deductions on their personal tax returns) or credit (in calculating U.S. federal income tax) the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes. A non-U.S. person invested in the Fund in a year that the Fund elects to “pass through” its non-U.S. taxes may be treated as receiving additional dividend income subject to U.S. withholding tax. A non-U.S. tax credit may not exceed the investor’s U.S. federal income tax otherwise payable with respect to the investor’s non-U.S. source income. For this purpose, shareholders must treat as non-U.S. source gross income (i) their proportionate shares of non-U.S. taxes paid by the Fund and (ii) the portion of any dividend paid by the Fund that represents income derived from non-U.S. sources; the Fund’s gain from the sale of securities will generally be treated as U.S.-source income. Certain limitations will be imposed to the extent to which the non-U.S. tax credit may be claimed.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies.  If a Fund purchases shares in PFICs, it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.
If a Fund were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Internal Revenue Code, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund might be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund, and such amounts would be subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. In order to make this election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain.
Alternatively, a Fund may make a mark-to-market election that would result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased its PFIC stock at the end of each year. In such case, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct any such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. The election must be made separately for each PFIC owned by the Fund and, once made, would be effective for all subsequent taxable years, unless revoked with the consent of the IRS. By making the election, the Fund could potentially ameliorate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize
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income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax.
A Fund will make the appropriate tax elections, if possible, and take any additional steps that are necessary to mitigate the effects of these rules.
Reporting.  If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Taxes.  Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and non-U.S. taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends paid by a Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term capital gains. Dividends paid by a Fund from net tax-exempt income or long-term capital gains are generally not subject to such withholding tax. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to back-up withholding at the appropriate rate.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, properly-reported dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, the Fund’s U.S. source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income) or (ii) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable year). However, depending on its circumstances, the Fund may report all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, distributions that the Fund reports as “short-term capital gain dividends” or “long-term capital gain dividends” will not be treated as such to a recipient foreign shareholder if the distribution is attributable to gain received from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property or an interest in a U.S. real property holding corporation and the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property exceeded certain levels. Instead, if the foreign shareholder has not owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of distribution, such distributions will be subject to 30% withholding by the Fund and will be treated as ordinary dividends to the foreign shareholder; if the foreign shareholder owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of the distribution, such distribution will be treated as real property gain subject to 35% withholding tax and could subject the foreign shareholder to U.S. filing requirements. Additionally, if the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, a foreign shareholder realizing gains upon redemption from the Fund on or before December 31, 2013 could be subject to the 35% withholding tax and U.S. filing requirements unless more than 50% of the Fund’s shares were owned by U.S. persons at such time or unless
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the foreign person had not held more than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding shares throughout either such person’s holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years.
The rules laid out in the previous paragraph, other than the withholding rules, will apply notwithstanding the Fund’s participation in a wash sale transaction or its payment of a substitute dividend.
Provided that 50% or more of the value of the Fund’s stock is held by U.S. shareholders, distributions of U.S. real property interests (including securities in a U.S. real property holding corporation, unless such corporation is regularly traded on an established securities market and the Fund has held 5% or less of the outstanding shares of the corporation during the five-year period ending on the date of distribution) occurring on or before December 31, 2013, in redemption of a foreign shareholder’s shares of the Fund will cause the Fund to recognize gain. If the Fund is required to recognize gain, the amount of gain recognized will equal to the fair market value of such interests over the Fund’s adjusted bases to the extent of the greatest foreign ownership percentage of the Fund during the five-year period ending on the date of redemption.
A 30% withholding tax will be imposed on U.S.-source dividends, interest and other income items paid after June 30, 2014, and proceeds from the sale of property producing U.S.-source dividends and interest paid after December 31, 2016, to (i) foreign financial institutions, including non-U.S. investment funds, unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders; and (ii) certain other foreign entities, unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information, including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders; comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts; report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained; agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information; and determine certain other information as to their account holders, or (ii) in the event of an intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other foreign entities will need to provide the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership, unless certain exceptions apply, or agree to provide certain information to other revenue authorities for transmittal to the IRS.
Shares of a Fund held by a non-U.S. shareholder at death will be considered situated within the United States and subject to the U.S. estate tax.
The foregoing discussion is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations only and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of shares should consult their own tax advisers as to the tax consequences of investing in such shares, including consequences under state, local and non-U.S. tax laws. Finally, the foregoing discussion is based on applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, judicial authority and administrative interpretations in effect on the date of this SAI. Changes in applicable authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed above, and such changes often occur.
Financial Statements
Each Fund's audited Financial Statements, including the Financial Highlights, appearing in the Annual Report to Shareholders and the report therein of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, are hereby incorporated by reference in this SAI. The applicable Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the referenced audited financial statements, is available upon request and without charge.
Miscellaneous Information
Counsel. Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, located at 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019, is counsel to the Trust.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111, serves as the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, audits the Funds' financial statements, and may perform other services.
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Shareholder Communications to the Board.  The Board has established a process for shareholders to communicate with the Board. Shareholders may contact the Board by mail. Correspondence should be addressed to iShares Board of Trustees, c/o BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. – Mutual Fund Administration, 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. Shareholder communications to the Board should include the following information: (i) the name and address of the shareholder; (ii) the number of shares owned by the shareholder; (iii) the Fund(s) of which the shareholder owns shares; and (iv) if these shares are owned indirectly through a broker, financial intermediary or other record owner, the name of the broker, financial intermediary or other record owner. All correspondence received as set forth above shall be reviewed by the Secretary of the Trust and reported to the Board.
Regulation Under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive.  The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”) imposes detailed and prescriptive obligations on fund managers established in the EU (“EU Operative Provisions”). These do not currently apply to managers established outside of the EU, such as BFA. Rather, non-EU managers are only required to comply with certain disclosure, reporting and transparency obligations of AIFMD (“AIFMD Disclosure Provisions”) if such managers market a fund to EU investors.
 Where the AIFMD Disclosure Provisions relate to EU Operative Provisions that do not apply to BFA, no meaningful disclosure can be made. These EU Operative Provisions include prescriptive rules on: measuring and capping leverage in line with known European standards; the treatment of investors; the use of 'depositaries'; and coverage for professional liability risks.
 AIFMD imposes certain conditions on the marketing of funds, such as the Funds, to EU investors. AIFMD requires that an ‘alternative investment fund manager’ (“AIFM”) be identified to meet such conditions where such marketing is sought. For these purposes BFA, as the legal entity responsible for performing the portfolio and risk management of the Funds, shall be the AIFM.
 AIFMD requires disclosure on an ongoing basis of certain information relating to the use of special arrangements, leverage, rights of reuse of collateral, guarantees granted under leverage arrangements and the use of gates, side pockets and similar liquidity management tools. Given that the Funds do not use any special arrangements or allow for collateral reuse, it is not intended that such disclosures will need to be made by the Funds. Each Fund will, however, to the extent relevant and appropriate, disclose in its annual report information on the Fund's leverage, risk profile and risk management systems employed by BFA. Each Fund will also disclose material changes, if any, to the liquidity management systems and procedures employed in respect of the Fund.
 BFA intends to market the following Fund to EU investors in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, and Luxembourg:
 iShares MSCI ACWI ETF
iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF
Investors’ Rights.  Each Fund relies on the services of its investment adviser and other service providers, including the distributor, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. Further information about the duties and roles of these service providers is set out in this SAI. Investors who acquire shares of a Fund are not parties to the relevant agreement with these service providers and do not have express contractual rights against the Fund or its service providers, except certain institutional investors that are Authorized Participants may have certain express contractual rights with respect to the Distributor under the terms of the relevant authorized participant agreement. Investors may have certain legal rights under federal or state law against a Fund or its service providers. In the event that an investor considers that it may have a claim against a Fund, or against any service provider in connection with its investment in the Fund, such investor should consult its own legal advisor.
By contract, Authorized Participants irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or U.S. federal court sitting in New York City over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the authorized participant agreement. Jurisdiction over other claims, whether by investors or Authorized Participants, will turn on the facts of the particular case and the law of the jurisdiction in which the proceeding is brought.
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IS-SAI-07e-0714


Table of Contents
iShares® Trust
Statement of Additional Information
Dated December 30, 2013
(as revised June 17, 2014)
This combined Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the current prospectuses (each, a “Prospectus” and collectively, the “Prospectuses”) for the following funds of iShares Trust (the “Trust”):
Fund   Ticker   Stock Exchange
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF   EPU   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF   EWAS   BATS
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF   EWCS   BATS
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF   EDEN   BATS
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF   EFNL   BATS
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF   EWGS   BATS
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF   EWHS   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF   EIDO   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF   EIRL   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF   ENZL   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF   ENOR   BATS
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF   EPHE   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF   EPOL   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF   EWSS   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF   EWUS   BATS
The Prospectuses for the above-listed funds (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) are dated December 30, 2013, as amended and supplemented from time to time. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the applicable Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. The Financial Statements and Notes contained in the applicable Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report of the Trust for the Funds are incorporated by reference into and are deemed to be part of this SAI. A copy of each Prospectus, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report for each Fund may be obtained without charge by writing to the Trust's distributor, BlackRock Investments, LLC (the “Distributor” or “BRIL”), 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310, calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or visiting www.iShares.com. Each Fund's Prospectus is incorporated by reference into this SAI.
References to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act” or the “1940 Act”), or other applicable law, will include any rules promulgated thereunder and any guidance, interpretations or modifications by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, including court interpretations, and exemptive, no action or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
iShares® is a registered trademark of BlackRock, Inc. or its affiliates.


Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
General Description of the Trust and its Funds 1
Exchange Listing and Trading 2
Investment Strategies and Risks 3
Borrowing 3
Currency Transactions 3
Diversification Status 4
Futures and Options 4
Illiquid Securities 5
Lending Portfolio Securities 5
Non-U.S. Securities 6
Options on Futures Contracts 6
Regulation Regarding Derivatives 7
Repurchase Agreements 7
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 8
Securities of Investment Companies 8
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments 8
Swap Agreements 8
Tracking Stocks 9
Future Developments 9
General Considerations and Risks 9
Borrowing Risk 9
Custody Risk 9
Cyber Security Issues 9
Dividend Risk 10
Operational Risk 10
Risk of Derivatives 10
Risk of Equity Securities 10
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions 10
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities 11
Risk of Swap Agreements 11
Risk of Investing in Mid-Capitalization Companies 11
Risk of Investing in Small-Capitalization Companies 12
Risk of Investing in Asia 12
Risk of Investing in Australasia 12
Risk of Investing in Australia 13
Risk of Investing in Canada 13
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  Page
Risk of Investing in Central and South America 13
Risk of Investing in Denmark 13
Risk of Investing in Eastern Europe 13
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets 14
Risk of Investing in Europe 15
Risk of Investing in Finland 15
Risk of Investing in Germany 16
Risk of Investing in Hong Kong 16
Risk of Investing in Indonesia 16
Risk of Investing in Ireland 17
Risk of Investing in New Zealand 17
Risk of Investing in North America 17
Risk of Investing in Norway 18
Risk of Investing in Peru 18
Risk of Investing in the Philippines 18
Risk of Investing in Poland 19
Risk of Investing in Singapore 19
Risk of Investing in the United Kingdom 19
U.S. Economic Trading Partners Risk 20
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector 20
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector 20
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector 20
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector 22
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector 22
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector 22
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector 23
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector 23
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector 23
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector 23
Proxy Voting Policies 24
Portfolio Holdings Information 26
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes 27
The MSCI Indexes 27
MSCI All Ireland Capped Index 30
MSCI All Peru Capped Index 30
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  Page
MSCI Australia Small Cap Index 30
MSCI Canada Small Cap Index 31
MSCI Denmark Investable Market Index (IMI) 25/50 31
MSCI Finland Investable Market Index (IMI) 25/50 31
MSCI Germany Small Cap Index 31
MSCI Hong Kong Small Cap Index 31
MSCI Indonesia Investable Market Index (IMI) 31
MSCI New Zealand IMI 25/50 32
MSCI Norway Investable Market Index (IMI) 25/50 32
MSCI Philippines Investable Market Index (IMI) 32
MSCI Poland IMI 25/50 32
MSCI Singapore Small Cap Index 32
MSCI United Kingdom Small Cap Index 32
Investment Limitations 33
Continuous Offering 35
Management 36
Trustees and Officers 36
Committees of the Board of Trustees 42
Remuneration of Trustees 46
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities 48
Potential Conflicts of Interest 56
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services 62
Investment Adviser 62
Portfolio Managers 64
Codes of Ethics 69
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements 69
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent 69
Distributor 70
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates 71
Determination of Net Asset Value 72
Brokerage Transactions 75
Additional Information Concerning the Trust 78
Shares 78
Termination of the Trust or a Fund 79
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds 79
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units 80
General 80
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Fund Deposit 80
Cash Purchase Method 81
Role of the Authorized Participant 81
Purchase Orders 81
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders 82
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units 82
Issuance of a Creation Unit 82
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions 83
Redemption of Creation Units 84
Cash Redemption Method 84
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions 84
Placement of Redemption Orders 85
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units 87
Regular Holidays 87
Redemptions 90
Taxes 91
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications 91
Taxation of RICs 91
Excise Tax 92
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards 92
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders 93
Sales of Shares 94
Back-Up Withholding 94
Sections 351 and 362 94
Taxation of Certain Derivatives 94
Qualified Dividend Income 95
Excess Inclusion Income 96
Non-U.S. Investments 96
Passive Foreign Investment Companies 96
Reporting 97
Other Taxes 97
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders 97
Financial Statements 98
Miscellaneous Information 99
Counsel 99
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 99
Shareholder Communications to the Board 99
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General Description of the Trust and its Funds
The Trust currently consists of more than 235 investment series or portfolios. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on December 16, 1999 and is authorized to have multiple series or portfolios. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act. The offering of the Trust’s shares is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). This SAI relates to the following Funds:
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF1
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF2
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF3
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF4
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF5
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF6
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF7
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF8
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF9
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF10
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF11
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF12
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF13
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF14
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF15

1 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI All Peru Capped Index Fund to the iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF.
2 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Australia Small Cap Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF.
3 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Canada Small Cap Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF.
4 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Denmark Capped Investable Market Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF.
5 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Finland Capped Investable Market Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF.
6 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Germany Small Cap Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF.
7 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small Cap Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF.
8 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Indonesia Investable Market Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF.
9 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Ireland Capped Investable Market Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF. On November 27, 2013, the Fund’s Underlying Index changed from the MSCI Ireland Investable Market Index (IMI) 25/50 to the MSCI All Ireland Capped Index.
10 On February 12, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI New Zealand Investable Market Index Fund to the iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped Investable Market Index Fund and the Fund’s Underlying Index changed from the MSCI New Zealand Investable Market Index (IMI) to the MSCI New Zealand Investable Market Index (IMI) 25/50. On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped Investable Market Index Fund to the iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF.
11 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Norway Capped Investable Market Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF.
12 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Philippines Investable Market Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Philippines ETF.
13 On February 12, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Poland Investable Market Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Poland Capped Investable Market Index Fund and the Fund’s Underlying Index changed from the MSCI Poland Investable Market Index (IMI) to the MSCI Poland Investable Market Index (IMI) 25/50. On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Poland Capped Investable Market Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF.
14 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Singapore Small Cap Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF.
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15 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small Cap Index Fund to the iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF.
Each Fund is managed by BlackRock Fund Advisors (“BFA”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc., and generally seeks to track the investment results of the specific benchmark index identified in the applicable Prospectus for that Fund (each, an “Underlying Index”).
Each Fund offers and issues shares at their net asset value per share (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of shares (“Creation Unit”), generally in exchange for a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) included in its Underlying Index (the “Deposit Securities”), together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (the “Cash Component”). Shares of the Funds are listed for trading on national securities exchanges such as BATS Exchange, Inc. (“BATS”) or NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca”) (each a “Listing Exchange”). Shares of each Fund are traded in the secondary market and elsewhere at market prices that may be at, above or below the Fund's NAV. Shares are redeemable only in Creation Units, and, generally, in exchange for portfolio securities and a Cash Component. Creation Units typically are a specified number of shares, generally ranging from 50,000 to 100,000 shares or multiples thereof.
The Trust reserves the right to permit or require that creations and redemptions of shares are effected fully or partially in cash. Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities, subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain with the Trust a cash deposit, equal to at least 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change from time to time, of the market value of the omitted Deposit Securities. See the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Transaction fees associated with creations or redemptions that include a cash portion may be higher than the transaction fees associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. In all cases, conditions and fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of SEC rules and regulations applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.
Exchange Listing and Trading
A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in each Fund is contained in the Shareholder Information section of each Fund's Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, that section of the applicable Prospectus.
Shares of each Fund are listed for trading, and trade throughout the day, on the Listing Exchange and other secondary markets. Shares of the Funds may also be listed on certain non-U.S. exchanges. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Listing Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of shares of any Fund will continue to be met. The Listing Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the shares of a Fund from listing if (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of Fund shares, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of shares of the Fund for 30 or more consecutive trading days, (ii) the value of the Underlying Index on which a Fund is based is no longer calculated or available, (iii) the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available, or (iv) any other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Listing Exchange, makes further dealings on the Listing Exchange inadvisable. The Listing Exchange will also remove shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.
As in the case of other publicly-traded securities, when you buy or sell shares through a broker, you will incur a brokerage commission determined by that broker.
In order to provide additional information regarding the indicative value of shares of the Funds, the Listing Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, or through other widely disseminated means, an updated IOPV for the Funds as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Trust is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IOPVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IOPVs.
An IOPV has an equity securities component and a cash component. The equity securities values included in an IOPV are the values of the Deposit Securities for a Fund. While the IOPV reflects the current value of the Deposit Securities required to be deposited in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, it does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time because the current portfolio of the Fund may
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include securities that are not a part of the current Deposit Securities. Therefore, a Fund’s IOPV disseminated during the Listing Exchange trading hours should not be viewed as a real-time update of the Fund’s NAV, which is calculated only once a day.
The cash component included in an IOPV consists of estimated accrued interest, dividends and other income, less expenses. If applicable, each IOPV also reflects changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the applicable currency.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the share prices of the Funds in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Funds or an investor's equity interest in the Funds.
Investment Strategies and Risks
Each Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in securities issued by issuers that comprise its relevant Underlying Index and through transactions that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund operates as an index fund and will not be actively managed. Adverse performance of a security in a Fund’s portfolio will ordinarily not result in the elimination of the security from the Fund’s portfolio.
Each Fund engages in representative sampling, which is investing in a sample of securities selected by BFA to have a collective investment profile similar to that of the Fund's Underlying Index. Securities selected have aggregate investment characteristics (based on market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability, earnings valuation and yield) and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. A fund that uses representative sampling generally does not hold all of the securities that are in its underlying index.
Although the Funds do not seek leveraged returns, certain instruments used by the Funds may have a leveraging effect as described below.
Borrowing.  Each Fund may borrow as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemptions or to facilitate the settlement of securities or other transactions. Under normal market conditions, any borrowing by a Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s net assets; however, each Fund generally does not intend to borrow money.
The purchase of securities while borrowings are outstanding may have the effect of leveraging a Fund. The incurrence of leverage increases a Fund’s exposure to risk, and borrowed funds are subject to interest costs that will reduce net income. Purchasing securities while borrowings are outstanding creates special risks, such as the potential for greater volatility in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the yield on a Fund’s portfolio. In addition, the interest expenses from borrowings may exceed the income generated by a Fund’s portfolio and, therefore, the amount available (if any) for distribution to shareholders as dividends may be reduced. BFA may determine to maintain outstanding borrowings if it expects that the benefits to a Fund’s shareholders will outweigh the current reduced return.
Certain types of borrowings by a Fund may result in a Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverage, portfolio composition requirements and other matters. It is not anticipated that observance of such covenants would impede BFA from managing a Fund’s portfolio in accordance with a Fund’s investment objectives and policies. However, a breach of any such covenants not cured within the specified cure period may result in acceleration of outstanding indebtedness and require a Fund to dispose of portfolio investments at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Currency Transactions. The Funds do not expect to engage in currency transactions for the purpose of hedging against declines in the value of the Funds' assets that are denominated in a non-U.S. currency. A Fund may enter into non-U.S. currency forward and non-U.S. currency futures contracts to facilitate local securities settlements or to protect against currency exposure in connection with its distributions to shareholders, but may not enter into such contracts for speculative purposes.
A forward currency contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract.
A currency futures contract is a contract involving an obligation to deliver or acquire the specified amount of a specific currency, at a specified price and at a specified future time. Currency futures contracts may be settled on a net cash payment
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basis rather than by the sale and delivery of the underlying currency. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
Foreign exchange transactions involve a significant degree of risk and the markets in which foreign exchange transactions are effected are highly volatile, highly specialized and highly technical. Significant changes, including changes in liquidity and prices, can occur in such markets within very short periods of time, often within minutes. Foreign exchange trading risks include, but are not limited to, exchange rate risk, counterparty risk, maturity gap, interest rate risk, and potential interference by foreign governments through regulation of local exchange markets, foreign investment or particular transactions in non-U.S. currency. If BFA utilizes foreign exchange transactions at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions, trends or correlations incorrectly, foreign exchange transactions may not serve their intended purpose of improving the correlation of a Fund's return with the performance of its Underlying Index and may lower the Fund’s return. Each Fund could experience losses if the value of its currency forwards, options and/or futures positions were poorly correlated with its other investments or if it could not close out its positions because of an illiquid market. In addition, a Fund could incur transaction costs, including trading commissions, in connection with certain non-U.S. currency transactions.
Diversification Status. Each Fund is classified as “non-diversified.” A “non-diversified” fund is a fund that is not limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. The securities of a particular issuer (or securities of issuers in particular industries) may dominate the underlying index of such a fund and, consequently, the fund’s investment portfolio. This may adversely affect the fund’s performance or subject the fund’s shares to greater price volatility than that experienced by more diversified investment companies.
Each Fund intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”) and to relieve the Fund of any liability for U.S. federal income tax to the extent that its earnings are distributed to shareholders, provided that the Fund satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the Internal Revenue Code may limit the investment flexibility of the Funds and may make it less likely that the Funds will meet their respective investment objectives.
Futures and Options. Futures contracts and options may be used by a Fund to simulate investment in its Underlying Index, to facilitate trading or to reduce transaction costs. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts and options that are traded on a U.S. or non-U.S. exchange. Each Fund will not use futures or options for speculative purposes. Each Fund intends to use futures and options in accordance with Rule 4.5 of the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”). The Trust, with respect to each Fund, has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” in accordance with Rule 4.5 so that the Trust, with respect to each Fund, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific instrument or index at a specified future time and at a specified price. Stock index contracts are based on investments that reflect the market value of common stock of the firms included in the investments. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts to purchase securities indexes when BFA anticipates purchasing the underlying securities and believes prices will rise before the purchase will be made. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
A call option gives a holder the right to purchase a specific security at a specified price (“exercise price”) within a specified period of time. A put option gives a holder the right to sell a specific security at a specified exercise price within a specified period of time. The initial purchaser of a call option pays the “writer” a premium, which is paid at the time of purchase and is retained by the writer whether or not such option is exercised. Each Fund may purchase put options to hedge its portfolio against the risk of a decline in the market value of securities held and may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities it is committed to purchase. Each Fund may write put and call options along with a long position in options to increase its ability to hedge against a change in the market value of the securities it holds or is committed to purchase. Investments in futures contracts and other investments that contain leverage may require each Fund to maintain liquid assets. Generally, each Fund maintains an amount of liquid assets equal to its obligations relative to the position involved, adjusted daily on a marked-to-market basis. With respect to futures contracts that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” each Fund maintains liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market obligation (i.e., each Fund’s daily net liability, if any), rather than the contracts’ notional value (i.e., the value of the underlying asset). By maintaining assets equal to its net obligation under cash-settled futures contracts, each Fund may employ leverage to a
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greater extent than if the Fund set aside assets equal to the futures contracts’ full notional value. Each Fund bases its asset maintenance policies on methods permitted by the staff of the SEC and may modify these policies in the future to comply with any changes in the guidance articulated from time to time by the SEC or its staff.
Illiquid Securities. Each Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment). Illiquid securities may include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets, as determined in accordance with SEC staff guidance. The liquidity of a security relates to the ability to readily dispose of the security and the price to be obtained upon disposition of the security, which may be lower than would be obtained for a comparable more liquid security. Illiquid securities may trade at a discount to comparable, more liquid investments and may impair a Fund’s ability to dispose of investments in a timely fashion at their expected price.
Lending Portfolio Securities. Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain borrowers determined to be creditworthy by BFA, including borrowers affiliated with BFA. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned. No securities loan shall be made on behalf of a Fund if, as a result, the aggregate value of all securities loans of the particular Fund exceeds one-third of the value of such Fund's total assets (including the value of the collateral received). A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. Each Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower may be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Funds are compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, a Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of each lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, including those affiliated with BFA; such investments are subject to investment risk.
Each Fund conducts its securities lending pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC permitting it to lend portfolio securities to borrowers affiliated with the Fund and to retain an affiliate of the Fund as lending agent. To the extent that a Fund engages in securities lending, BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. (“BTC”) acts as securities lending agent for the Fund, subject to the overall supervision of BFA. BTC administers the lending program in accordance with guidelines approved by the Trust's Board of Trustees (the “Board” or the “Trustees”).
Each Fund retains a portion of the securities lending income and remits a remaining portion to BTC as compensation for its services as securities lending agent. Securities lending income is equal to the total of income earned from the reinvestment of cash collateral (and excludes collateral investment fees as defined below), and any fees or other payments to and from borrowers of securities. As securities lending agent, BTC bears all operational costs directly related to securities lending. Each Fund is responsible for fees in connection with the investment of cash collateral received for securities on loan in a money market fund managed by BFA; however, BTC has agreed to reduce the amount of securities lending income it receives in order to effectively limit the collateral investment fees the Fund bears to an annual rate of 0.04% until December 31, 2014 and 0.05% thereafter (the “collateral investment fees”). Such money market fund shares will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee.
Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement:
(i) International Equity Funds retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, commencing January 1, 2015 International Equity Funds will retain 70% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Under the securities lending program the Funds are categorized into specific asset classes. The determination of a Fund’s asset class category (fixed income, domestic equity, international equity or fund-of-funds), each of which may be subject to a different fee arrangement, is based on a methodology agreed to between the Trust and BTC.
In addition, commencing the business day following the date that the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (as defined under “ManagementTrustees and Officers”) in a calendar year exceeds the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex in calendar year 2013 (the “Hurdle
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Date”) (or lesser amount as may be agreed to by the Funds and BTC), each International Equity Fund, pursuant to the securities lending agreement, will receive for the remainder of that calendar year securities lending income as follows:
(i) 80% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, for the remainder of the calendar year following any Hurdle Date after January 1, 2015, International Equity Funds will retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees a Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, a Fund would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral or in recovering the loaned securities, or to a possible loss of rights in the collateral. In the event a borrower does not return a Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. This event could trigger adverse tax consequences for a Fund. A Fund could lose money if its short-term investment of the collateral declines in value over the period of the loan. Substitute payments for dividends received by a Fund for securities loaned out by the Fund will not be considered qualified dividend income. BTC will take into account the tax effects on shareholders of this difference in connection with a Fund’s securities lending program. Substitute payments received on tax-exempt securities loaned out will not be tax-exempt income.
Non-U.S. Securities. Each Fund intends to purchase publicly-traded common stocks of non-U.S. issuers. To the extent a Fund invests in stocks of non-U.S. issuers, certain of the Fund's investments in such stocks may be in the form of American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) (collectively, “Depositary Receipts”). Depositary Receipts are receipts, typically issued by a bank or trust issuer, which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For other forms of Depositary Receipts, the depository may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may be issued by a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer. Depositary Receipts are not necessarily denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs, issued in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, issued in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world.
The Funds will not invest in any unlisted Depositary Receipt or any Depositary Receipt that BFA deems illiquid at the time of purchase or for which pricing information is not readily available. In general, Depositary Receipts must be sponsored, but a Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts under certain limited circumstances. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States. Therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may be no correlation between available information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts.
Investing in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. issuers. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in non-U.S. countries, and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to less governmental regulation than U.S. issuers. Moreover, individual non-U.S. economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product (“GDP”), rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions.
Options on Futures Contracts. An option on a futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account that represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential for loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option plus transaction costs. Because the value of the option is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option changes daily and that
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change would be reflected in the NAV of each Fund. The potential for loss related to writing call options is unlimited. The potential for loss related to writing put options is limited to the agreed upon price per share, also known as the “strike price,” less the premium received from writing the put.
Each Fund may purchase and write put and call options on futures contracts that are traded on an exchange as a hedge against changes in value of its portfolio securities, or in anticipation of the purchase of securities, and may enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.
Upon entering into a futures contract, a Fund will be required to deposit with the broker an amount of cash or cash equivalents known as “initial margin,” which is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract and is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, known as “variation margin,” to and from the broker will be made daily as the price of the instrument or index underlying the futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking-to-market.” At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, each Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate the Fund’s existing position in the contract.
Regulation Regarding Derivatives. Effective December 31, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) adopted certain regulatory changes that subject registered investment companies and advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a Fund invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or if a Fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent a Fund uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, BFA has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the CEA pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. BFA is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of such Fund.
The Funds may also have investments in “underlying funds” (and such underlying funds themselves may invest in underlying funds) not advised by BFA (which for purposes of the no-action letter referenced below may include certain securitized vehicles and/or mortgage real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) that may invest in CFTC Derivatives). BFA has no transparency into the holdings of these underlying funds because they are not advised by BFA. To address this issue of lack of transparency, the CFTC staff issued a no-action letter on November 29, 2012 permitting the adviser of a fund that invests in such underlying funds and that would otherwise have filed a claim of exclusion pursuant to Rule 4.5 to delay registration as a “commodity pool operator” until six months from the date on which the CFTC issues additional guidance on the treatment of CFTC Derivatives held by underlying funds. BFA, the adviser of the Funds, has filed a request with the CFTC to rely on this no-action relief.
Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an instrument under which the purchaser (i.e., a Fund) acquires the security and the seller agrees, at the time of the sale, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. If a repurchase agreement is construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities will not be considered to be owned by a Fund but only to constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price, and, in the event of a default by the seller, the Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or losses in connection with the disposition of the collateral.
In any repurchase transaction, the collateral for a repurchase agreement may include: (i) cash items; (ii) obligations issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities; or (iii) obligations that, at the time the repurchase agreement is entered into, are rated in the highest rating category generally by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”), or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by BFA. Collateral, however, is not limited to the foregoing and may include, for example, obligations rated below the highest category by NRSROs. Collateral for a repurchase agreement may also include securities that a Fund could not hold directly without the repurchase obligation. Irrespective of the type of collateral underlying the repurchase agreement, in the case of a repurchase agreement entered into by a non-money market fund, the repurchase obligation of a seller must be of comparable credit quality to securities that are rated in the highest two short-term credit rating categories by at least one NRSRO or, if unrated, deemed by BFA to be of equivalent quality.
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Repurchase agreements pose certain risks for a Fund that utilizes them. Such risks are not unique to the Funds, but are inherent in repurchase agreements. The Funds seek to minimize such risks, but because of the inherent legal uncertainties involved in repurchase agreements, such risks cannot be eliminated. Lower quality collateral and collateral with longer maturities may be subject to greater price fluctuations than higher quality collateral and collateral with shorter maturities. If the repurchase agreement counterparty were to default, lower quality collateral may be more difficult to liquidate than higher quality collateral. Should the counterparty default and the amount of collateral not be sufficient to cover the counterparty’s repurchase obligation, a Fund would retain the status of an unsecured creditor of the counterparty (i.e., the position the Fund would normally be in if it were to hold, pursuant to its investment policies, other unsecured debt securities of the defaulting counterparty) with respect to the amount of the shortfall. As an unsecured creditor, a Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment and have the characteristics of borrowing. Generally, the effect of such transactions is that a Fund can recover all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the reverse repurchase agreement, while in many cases the Fund is able to keep some of the interest income associated with those securities. Such transactions are advantageous only if a Fund has an opportunity to earn a rate of interest on the cash derived from these transactions that is greater than the interest cost of obtaining the same amount of cash. Opportunities to realize earnings from the use of the proceeds equal to or greater than the interest required to be paid may not always be available and a Fund intends to use the reverse repurchase technique only when BFA believes it will be advantageous to the Fund. The use of reverse repurchase agreements may exaggerate any increase or decrease in the value of a Fund’s assets. A Fund’s exposure to reverse repurchase agreements will be covered by liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than such commitments. The use of reverse repurchase agreements is a form of leverage because the proceeds derived from reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities.
Securities of Investment Companies. Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies (including money market funds) to the extent allowed by law. Pursuant to the 1940 Act, a Fund’s investment in registered investment companies is generally limited to, subject to certain exceptions: (i) 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any one investment company; (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company; and (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to investment companies in the aggregate. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, each Fund intends from time to time to invest its assets in the securities of investment companies, including, but not limited to, money market funds, including those advised by or otherwise affiliated with BFA, in excess of the general limits discussed above. Other investment companies in which a Fund may invest can be expected to incur fees and expenses for operations, such as investment advisory and administration fees, which would be in addition to those incurred by the Fund.
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments. Each Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds (including those advised by BFA or otherwise affiliated with BFA); (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed-time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. banks (including non-U.S. branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated, at the date of purchase, “Prime-1” by Moody's® Investors Service, Inc., “F-1” by Fitch Ratings, Inc., or “A-1” by Standard & Poor's® Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. (“Standard & Poor's Ratings Services”), or if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by BFA; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; (vi) repurchase agreements; and (vii) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of non-U.S. banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of BFA, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by a Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or forward-settled basis. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
Swap Agreements. Swap agreements are contracts between parties in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on the change in market value or level of a specified rate, index or asset. In return, the other party agrees to make periodic payments to the first party based on the return of a different specified rate, index or asset. Swap agreements will usually be performed on a net basis, with a Fund receiving or paying only the net amount of the two
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payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap is accrued on a daily basis and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained by the Fund.
The use of interest rate and index swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. These transactions generally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal.
Tracking Stocks. A tracking stock is a separate class of common stock whose value is linked to a specific business unit or operating division within a larger company and is designed to “track” the performance of such business unit or division. The tracking stock may pay dividends to shareholders independent of the parent company. The parent company, rather than the business unit or division, generally is the issuer of tracking stock. However, holders of the tracking stock may not have the same rights as holders of the company’s common stock.
Future Developments. The Board may, in the future, authorize a Fund to invest in securities contracts and investments, other than those listed in this SAI and in the applicable Prospectuses, provided they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and do not violate any of its investment restrictions or policies.
General Considerations and Risks
A discussion of some of the principal risks associated with an investment in a Fund is contained in the applicable Prospectus.
An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers of the portfolio securities, the value of stocks in general, and other factors that affect the market.
Borrowing Risk.  Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the return on a Fund’s portfolio. Borrowing will cost a Fund interest expense and other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce a Fund’s return. Borrowing may cause a Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations.
Custody Risk.  Custody risk refers to the risks inherent in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of their local markets, and thus may be subject to limited or no government oversight. Communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Practices in relation to the settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because of the use of brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result in ownership registration being lost. In addition, the laws of certain countries may put limits on a Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or an agent of any of the foregoing goes bankrupt. A Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such custody problems and may have no successful claim for compensation.
Cyber Security Issues. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, each Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cyber security failures or breaches by a Fund’s third party service providers (including, but not limited to, index providers, fund accountants and transfer agents), market makers, Authorized Participants (as defined in the Portfolio Holdings Information section of this SAI) and the issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be
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incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Funds have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Funds cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by issuers in which the Funds invest, market makers or Authorized Participants. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Dividend Risk. There is no guarantee that issuers of the stocks held by a Fund will declare dividends in the future or that, if declared, they will either remain at specific levels or increase over time.
Operational Risk. BFA and a Fund’s other service providers may experience disruptions or operating errors that could negatively impact the Funds. While service providers are required to have appropriate operational risk management policies and procedures, their methods of operational risk management may differ from the Funds' in the setting of priorities, the personnel and resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. BlackRock, through its monitoring and oversight of service providers, seeks to ensure that service providers take appropriate precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to disruptions and operating errors. However, it is not possible for BlackRock or the other Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects.
Risk of Derivatives. A derivative is a financial contract, the value of which depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, a commodity (such as gold or silver), a currency or an index (a measure of value or rates, such as the S&P 500 Index or the prime lending rate). A Fund may invest in stock index futures contracts and other derivatives. Compared to conventional securities, derivatives can be more sensitive to changes in interest rates or to sudden fluctuations in market prices and thus a Fund’s losses may be greater if it invests in derivatives than if it invests only in conventional securities. Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations.
Risk of Equity Securities. An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in equity securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of stock markets may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the portfolio securities and thus in the value of shares of the Fund). Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to increases and decreases in value as market confidence and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies, inflation and interest rates, economic expansion or contraction, and global or regional political, economic or banking crises. Holders of common stocks incur more risks than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders generally have rights to receive payments from stock issuers that are inferior to the rights of creditors, or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (the value of which, however, is subject to market fluctuations prior to maturity), or preferred stocks, which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity.
Although most of the securities in each Underlying Index are listed on a national securities exchange, the principal trading market for some of the securities may be in the over-the-counter market. The existence of a liquid trading market for certain securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made or maintained or that any such market will be or remain liquid. The price at which securities may be sold and the value of a Fund’s shares will be adversely affected if trading markets for the Fund’s portfolio securities are limited or absent, or if bid/ask spreads are wide.
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions. There are several risks accompanying the utilization of futures contracts and options on futures contracts. A position in futures contracts and options on futures contracts may be closed only on the exchange on which the contract was made (or a linked exchange). While each Fund plans to utilize futures contracts only if an active market exists for such contracts, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist for the contract at a specified time. Futures contracts, by definition, project price levels in the future and not current levels of valuation; therefore, market circumstances may result in a discrepancy between the price of the stock index future and the movement in a Fund's Underlying Index. In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash
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payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, a Fund may be required to deliver the instruments underlying the futures contracts it has sold.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts or uncovered call options in some strategies (e.g., selling uncovered stock index futures contracts) is potentially unlimited. The Funds do not plan to use futures and options contracts in this way. The risk of a futures position may still be large as traditionally measured due to the low margin deposits required. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit. The Funds, however, intend to utilize futures and options contracts in a manner designed to limit their risk exposure to levels comparable to a direct investment in the types of stocks in which they invest.
Utilization of futures and options on futures by a Fund involves the risk of imperfect or even negative correlation to its Underlying Index if the index underlying the futures contract differs from the Underlying Index. There is also the risk of loss of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in the futures contract or option. The purchase of put or call options will be based upon predictions by BFA as to anticipated trends, which predictions could prove to be incorrect.
Because the futures market generally imposes less burdensome margin requirements than the securities market, an increased amount of participation by speculators in the futures market could result in price fluctuations. Certain financial futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount by which the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting each Fund to substantial losses. In the event of adverse price movements, each Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities.  An investment in a Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in a portfolio of equity securities traded on foreign exchanges. These risks include market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices. Investing in securities issued by issuers domiciled in countries other than the domicile of the investor and denominated in currencies other than an investor’s local currency entails certain considerations and risks not typically encountered by the investor in making investments in its home country and in that country’s currency. These considerations include favorable or unfavorable changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations and the costs that may be incurred in connection with conversions between various currencies. Investing in any of these Funds also involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in a fund whose portfolio contains exclusively securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include generally less liquid and less efficient securities markets; generally greater price volatility; less publicly available information about issuers; the imposition of withholding or other taxes; the imposition of restrictions on the expatriation of funds or other assets of the Funds; higher transaction and custody costs; delays and risks attendant in settlement procedures; difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations; lower liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization; different accounting and disclosure standards; lower levels of regulation of the securities markets; more substantial government interference with the economy; higher rates of inflation; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty; the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets; and the risk of war.
Risk of Swap Agreements. The risk of loss with respect to swaps generally is limited to the net amount of payments that a Fund is contractually obligated to make. Swap agreements are subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will default on its obligations. If such a default occurs, a Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect such Fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g., a Fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive).
Risk of Investing in Mid-Capitalization Companies. Stock prices of mid-capitalization companies may be more volatile than those of large-capitalization companies and, therefore, a Fund’s share price may be more volatile than those of funds that invest a larger percentage of their assets in stocks issued by large-capitalization companies. Stock prices of mid-capitalization companies are also more vulnerable than those of large-capitalization companies to adverse business or economic
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developments, and the stocks of mid-capitalization companies may be less liquid, making it more difficult for the Funds to buy and sell them. In addition, mid-capitalization companies generally have less diverse product lines than large-capitalization companies and are more susceptible to adverse developments related to their products.
Risk of Investing in Small-Capitalization Companies. Stock prices of small-capitalization companies may be more volatile than those of larger companies and therefore a Fund's share price may be more volatile than those of funds that invest a larger percentage of their assets in stocks issued by large-capitalization companies. Stock prices of small-capitalization companies are generally more vulnerable than those of large-capitalization companies to adverse business and economic developments. The stocks of small-capitalization companies may be thinly traded, making it difficult for the Funds to buy and sell them. In addition, small-capitalization companies are typically less financially stable than larger, more established companies and may depend on a small number of essential personnel, making them more vulnerable to loss of personnel. Small-capitalization companies also normally have less diverse product lines than those of large-capitalization companies and are more susceptible to adverse developments concerning their products.
Risk of Investing in Asia.  Investments in securities of issuers in certain Asian countries involve risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in other regions. Such heightened risks include, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socio-economic unrest. Many Asian economies have experienced rapid rates of economic growth and industrialization in recent years, and there is no assurance that these rates of economic growth and industrialization will be maintained.
Certain Asian countries have democracies with relatively short histories, which may increase the risk of political instability. These countries have faced political and military unrest, and further unrest could present a risk to their local economies and securities markets. Indonesia and the Philippines have each experienced violence and terrorism, which has negatively impacted their economies. North Korea and South Korea each have substantial military capabilities, and historical tensions between the two countries present the risk of war; in the recent past, these tensions have escalated. Any outbreak of hostilities between the two countries could have a severe adverse effect on the South Korean economy and securities market. Increased political and social unrest in these geographic areas could adversely affect the performance of investments in this region.
Certain governments in this region administer prices on several basic goods, including fuel and electricity, within their respective countries. Certain governments may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector in their respective countries and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in this region, which in turn could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments adversely affecting investments in the region.
Corruption and the perceived lack of a rule of law in dealings with international companies in certain Asian countries may discourage foreign investment and could negatively impact the long-term growth of certain economies in this region. In addition, certain countries in the region are experiencing high unemployment and corruption, and have fragile banking sectors.
Some economies in this region are dependent on a range of commodities, including oil, natural gas and coal. Accordingly, they are strongly affected by international commodity prices and particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products. The market for securities in this region may also be directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and by the economic and market conditions of neighboring countries. Adverse economic conditions or developments in neighboring countries may increase investors' perception of the risk of investing in the region as a whole, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by companies in the region.
Risk of Investing in Australasia.  The economies of Australasia, which include Australia and New Zealand, are dependent on exports from the agricultural and mining sectors. This makes Australasian economies susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. Australasian economies are also increasingly dependent on their growing service industries. Australia and New Zealand are located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters, such as drought and flooding. Any such event in the future could have a significant adverse impact on the economies of Australia and New Zealand and affect the value of securities held by a relevant Fund. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are dependent on trading with certain key trading partners, including Asia, Europe and the United States. The Australia–U.S. Free Trade Agreement has significantly expanded the trading relationship between the United States and Australia. In 2003, Australia and Singapore entered into the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (“SAFTA”). SAFTA is intended to further
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expand the economic relationship with Singapore, Australia’s largest trade and investment partner in Southeast Asia. Thus, economic events in the United States, Asia, or in other key trading countries can have a significant economic effect on the Australian economy. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are heavily dependent on the mining sector. Passage of new regulations limiting foreign ownership of companies in the mining sector or imposition of new taxes on profits of mining companies may dissuade foreign investment, and as a result, have a negative impact on companies to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in Australia.  A Fund’s investment in Australian issuers may subject the Fund to loss in the event of adverse political, economic, regulatory and other developments that affect Australia, including fluctuations of Australian currency versus the U.S. dollar. Also, Australia is located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters, such as drought and flooding. Any such event in the future could have a significant adverse impact on the Australian economy. The Australian economy is dependent on trading with certain key trading partners. The Australia–U.S. Free Trade Agreement has significantly expanded the trading relationship between the United States and Australia. In 2003, Australia and Singapore entered into the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (“SAFTA”). SAFTA is intended to further expand the economic relationship with Singapore, Australia’s largest trade and investment partner in Southeast Asia. Thus, economic events in the United States, Asia, or in other key trading countries can have a significant economic effect on the Australian economy. The Australian economy is heavily dependent on the mining sector, and the passage of new regulations limiting foreign ownership of companies in the mining sector or imposition of new taxes on profits of mining companies may dissuade foreign investment, and as a result, have a negative impact on companies to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in Canada.  The United States is Canada’s largest trading and investment partner, and the Canadian economy is significantly affected by developments in the U.S. economy. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) in 1994 among Canada, the United States and Mexico, total two-way merchandise trade between the United States and Canada has more than doubled. To further this relationship, the three NAFTA countries entered into The Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America in March 2005, which may further affect Canada’s dependency on the U.S. economy. Any downturn in U.S. or Mexican economic activity is likely to have an adverse impact on the Canadian economy. The Canadian economy is also dependent upon external trade with other key trading partners, specifically China and the United Kingdom. As a result, Canada is dependent on the economies of these other countries. In addition, Canada is a large supplier of natural resources (e.g., oil, natural gas and agricultural products). As a result, the Canadian economy is sensitive to fluctuations in certain commodity prices.
Risk of Investing in Central and South America.  The economies of certain Central and South American countries have experienced high interest rates, economic volatility, inflation, currency devaluations, government defaults and high unemployment rates. In addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant percentage of exports for the regions and many economies in these regions are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries of these regions.
Risk of Investing in Denmark.  Investments in Danish issuers subject the Fund to legal, regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risks specific to Denmark. The Danish economy, along with certain other EU economies, experienced a significant economic slowdown during the recent financial crisis. Denmark’s industrialized market economy depends on imported raw materials and foreign trade. As a result, Denmark is dependent on trading relationships with certain key trading partners, including other EU countries and the United States. Denmark’s economy has also been characterized by slow growth and is facing demographic challenges that could lead to labor supply shortages in the near future.
Risk of Investing in Eastern Europe.  Investing in the securities of Eastern European issuers is highly speculative and involves risks not usually associated with investing in the more developed markets of Western Europe. Political and economic reforms are too recent to establish a definite trend away from centrally planned economies and state-owned industries. In the past, some Eastern European governments have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and many claims of the property owners have never been fully settled.
Many Eastern European countries continue to move toward market economies at different paces with appropriately different characteristics. Most Eastern European securities markets suffer from thin trading activity, dubious investor protections, and often a dearth of reliable corporate information. Information and transaction costs, differential taxes, and sometimes political or transfer risk give a comparative advantage to the domestic investor rather than the foreign investor. In addition, these markets are particularly sensitive to social, political, economic, and currency events in Russia and may suffer heavy losses as a result of their trading and investment links to the Russian economy and currency. Russia also may attempt to assert its
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influence in the region through economic or even military measures, as it did with Georgia in the summer of 2008. Eastern European economies may also be particularly susceptible to changes in the international credit markets due to their reliance on bank related inflows of capital. The global economic crisis has restricted international credit supplies, and several Eastern European economies have faced significant credit and economic crises. Although some Eastern European economies are expanding again, major challenges are still present as a result of their continued dependence on the Western European zone for credit.
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets.  Investments in emerging market countries may be subject to greater risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include: (i) less social, political, and economic stability; (ii) greater illiquidity and price volatility due to smaller or limited local capital markets for such securities, or low or non-existent trading volumes; (iii) foreign exchanges and broker-dealers may be subject to less scrutiny and regulation by local authorities; (iv) local governments may decide to seize or confiscate securities held by foreign investors and/or local governments may decide to suspend or limit an issuer's ability to make dividend or interest payments; (v) local governments may limit or entirely restrict repatriation of invested capital, profits, and dividends; (vi) capital gains may be subject to local taxation, including on a retroactive basis; (vii) issuers facing restrictions on dollar or euro payments imposed by local governments may attempt to make dividend or interest payments to foreign investors in the local currency; (viii) investors may experience difficulty in enforcing legal claims related to the securities and/or local judges may favor the interests of the issuer over those of foreign investors; (ix) bankruptcy judgments may only be permitted to be paid in the local currency; (x) limited public information regarding the issuer may result in greater difficulty in determining market valuations of the securities, and (xi) lax financial reporting on a regular basis, substandard disclosure and differences in accounting standards may make it difficult to ascertain the financial health of an issuer.
Emerging market securities markets are typically marked by a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of ownership of such securities by a limited number of investors. In addition, brokerage and other costs associated with transactions in emerging markets securities markets can be higher, sometimes significantly, than similar costs incurred in securities markets in developed countries. Although some emerging markets have become more established and tend to issue securities of higher credit quality, the markets for securities in other emerging countries are in the earliest stages of their development, and these countries issue securities across the credit spectrum. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in emerging countries may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the securities markets of developed countries. The limited size of many of these securities markets can cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, prices may be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions in these markets. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity of such markets. The limited liquidity of emerging country securities may also affect a Fund's ability to accurately value its portfolio securities or to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so or in order to meet redemption requests.
Many emerging market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Sudden changes in governments may result in policies which are less favorable to investors such as policies designed to expropriate or nationalize “sovereign” assets. Certain emerging market countries in the past have expropriated large amounts of private property, in many cases with little or no compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future.
Investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit a Fund's investment in certain emerging countries and may increase the expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer's outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals.
Many emerging market countries lack the social, political, and economic stability characteristic of the United States. Political instability among emerging market countries can be common and may be caused by an uneven distribution of wealth, social unrest, labor strikes, civil wars, and religious oppression. Economic instability in emerging market countries may take the form of: (i) high interest rates; (ii) high levels of inflation, including hyperinflation; (iii) high levels of unemployment or
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underemployment; (iv) changes in government economic and tax policies, including confiscatory taxation; and (v) imposition of trade barriers.
A Fund's income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the emerging market countries in which it invests, and treaties between the United States and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates.
Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain of these emerging markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions.
In the past, certain governments in emerging market countries have become overly reliant on the international capital markets and other forms of foreign credit to finance large public spending programs, which in the past have caused huge budget deficits. Often, interest payments have become too overwhelming for a government to meet, representing a large percentage of total GDP. These foreign obligations have become the subject of political debate and served as fuel for political parties of the opposition, which pressure the government not to make payments to foreign creditors, but instead to use these funds for, among other things, social programs. Either due to an inability to pay or submission to political pressure, foreign governments have been forced to seek a restructuring of their loan and/or bond obligations, have declared a temporary suspension of interest payments or have defaulted. These events have adversely affected the values of securities issued by foreign governments and corporations domiciled in those countries and have negatively affected not only their cost of borrowing, but their ability to borrow in the future as well.
Risk of Investing in Europe.  The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the “EU”) requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro (the common currency of certain EU countries), the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession among EU member countries may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners. Although certain European countries do not use the euro, many of these countries are obliged to meet the criteria for joining the euro zone. Consequently, these countries must comply with many of the restrictions noted above. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about economic downturns, rising government debt levels and the possible default of government debt in several European countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In order to prevent further economic deterioration, certain countries, without prior warning, can institute “capital controls.” Countries may use these controls to restrict volatile movements of capital entering and exiting their country. Such controls may negatively affect a Fund’s investments. A default or debt restructuring by any European country would adversely impact holders of that country's debt and sellers of credit default swaps linked to that country's creditworthiness, which may be located in countries other than those listed above. In addition, the credit ratings of certain European countries were recently downgraded. These downgrades may result in further deterioration of investor confidence. These events have adversely affected the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect the economies of every country in Europe, including countries that do not use the euro and non-EU member countries. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not produce the desired results, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and other entities of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.
Risk of Investing in Finland.  Investment in Finnish issuers involves risks that are specific to Finland, including, legal, regulatory, political, currency, security and economic risks. The Finnish economy, along with certain other EU economies, experienced a significant economic slowdown during the recent financial crisis. Finland’s economy, among other things, depends on imported raw materials, energy and components for its manufactured products. As a result, Finland is dependent on trading relationships with certain key trading partners, including other EU countries, Russia, China and the United States. Metals, engineering and timber are Finland’s main industries, and major exports include electronics and machinery. Finland’s reliance on these sectors makes it vulnerable to economic downturns in, among other sectors, the technology and industrials sectors.
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Risk of Investing in Germany.  Investment in German issuers may subject a Fund to legal, regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risk specific to Germany. During the most recent financial crisis, the German economy, along with certain other EU economies, experienced a significant economic slowdown. Recently, new concerns emerged in relation to the economic health of the EU. These concerns have led to tremendous downward pressure on certain financial institutions, including German financial services companies. During the recent European debt crisis, Germany played a key role in stabilizing the euro. However, such efforts may prove unsuccessful, and any ongoing crisis may continue to significantly affect the economies of every country in Europe, including Germany. The German economy is dependent to a significant extent on the economies of certain key trading partners, including the United States and France and Italy and other European countries. Reduction in spending on German products and services, or changes in any of the economies may cause an adverse impact on the German economy. In addition, heavy regulation of labor and product markets in Germany may have an adverse effect on German issuers. Such regulations may negatively affect economic growth or cause prolonged periods of recession.
Risk of Investing in Hong Kong.  Investments in Hong Kong issuers may subject a Fund to legal, regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risk specific to Hong Kong. China is Hong Kong’s largest trading partner, both in terms of exports and imports. Any changes in the Chinese economy, trade regulations or currency exchange rates may have an adverse impact on Hong Kong’s economy.
Political and Social Risk. Hong Kong reverted to Chinese sovereignty on July 1, 1997 as a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China under the principle of “one country, two systems.” Although China is obligated to maintain the current capitalist economic and social system of Hong Kong through June 30, 2047, the continuation of economic and social freedoms enjoyed in Hong Kong is dependent on the government of China. Any attempt by China to tighten its control over Hong Kong's political, economic or social policies may result in an adverse effect on Hong Kong's economy.
Economic Risk. The economy of Hong Kong is closely tied to the economy of China. The Chinese economy has grown rapidly during the past several years and there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. China may experience substantial rates of inflation or economic recessions, causing a negative effect on the economy and securities market. Delays in enterprise restructuring, slow development of well-functioning financial markets and widespread corruption have also hindered performance of the Chinese economy, and China continues to receive substantial pressure from trading partners to liberalize official currency exchange rates.
Risk of Investing in Indonesia. Investment in securities of Indonesian issuers involves risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in developed countries. Such heightened risks include, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest.
The securities market of Indonesia is considered an emerging market characterized by a small number of listed companies, high price volatility and a relatively illiquid secondary trading market. These factors, coupled with restrictions on foreign investment and other factors, limit the supply of securities available for investment by a Fund. This will affect the rate at which a Fund is able to invest in Indonesia, the purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and sales.
Indonesia’s political institutions and democracy have a relatively short history, increasing the risk of political instability. In the recent past, Indonesia has faced political and militant unrest, and further unrest could present a risk to the local economy and securities markets. Indonesia has also experienced acts of terrorism, predominantly targeted at foreigners, which has had a negative impact on tourism and consequently has negatively impacted the economy of Indonesia. Corruption and the perceived lack of a rule of law in dealings with international companies may discourage foreign direct investment and could negatively impact the long-term growth of the economy of Indonesia. In addition, many economic development problems remain, including high unemployment, a fragile banking sector, endemic corruption, inadequate infrastructure, a poor investment climate, and unequal resource distribution among regions.
The Indonesian economy is dependent on a range of commodities including oil, natural gas and coal. Accordingly, it is strongly affected by international commodity prices and is particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products. Any acts of terrorism or armed conflicts in Indonesia or internationally could have an adverse effect on the financial and commodities markets and the global economy.
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The Indonesian government plays a significant role in Indonesia’s economy, including administering prices on several basic goods, including fuel, rice and electricity. The Indonesian government may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in Indonesia, which could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments that could adversely affect investments in Indonesia.
The market for Indonesian securities is directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and economic and market conditions of certain countries, especially emerging market countries in Southeastern Asia. Adverse economic conditions or developments in other emerging market countries have at times significantly affected the availability of credit in the Indonesian economy and resulted in considerable outflows of funds and declines in the amount of foreign currency invested in Indonesia. A crisis in neighboring emerging market countries also may increase investors’ perception of risk in Indonesia, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by Indonesian companies, including securities in which a Fund may invest.
Risk of Investing in Ireland.  Investing in securities of companies domiciled in Ireland involves special considerations not typically associated with investing in the U.S. market. Such heightened risks include, among others, ongoing sectarian conflict, social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest, potential armed conflict and/or threats of terrorism within the country, continued lack of unification as a country, and internal hostile relations, all which can adversely impact the Irish economy. Consumer indebtedness in Ireland has been high and increasing in recent years, leading to concern with respect to overall economic growth in Ireland.
Ireland relies heavily on exports to its key trading partners that include the other members of the European Union and the United States. Reduction in spending by these economies on Irish products and services or negative changes in any of these economies may cause an adverse impact on the Irish economy. Any changes in the price or demand for Irish exports could adversely impact Ireland’s economy. Ireland’s economy may also be negatively affected if trade barriers, exchange controls, or other protectionist measures are imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade.
As a member of the European Union, Ireland is heavily dependent on the other member states both economically and politically. The European Central Bank has control over each member country’s monetary policies, including inflation rates, deficit levels, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls. However, the Irish government has retained the authority to set tax and spending policies and public debt levels. Any event within the European Union, including economic and political developments, can cause market disruptions, and can adversely affect the values of securities held by a Fund.
Risk of Investing in New Zealand.  Investment in the New Zealand market involves special considerations not typically associated with investing in the U.S. market. Although New Zealand encourages foreign investment, its Overseas Investment Office must give consent to certain foreign investments based on a national interest determination. A delay in obtaining such approval can delay investments in New Zealand and, as a result, a Fund may not be able to invest in certain securities while approval is pending. Furthermore, approval could be rejected or a Fund's investments may be affected by a limitation in the number of investors interested in a particular industry and/or issuer, and any one of these factors could cause a decline in the value of the Fund.
New Zealand’s economy historically has been based on a foundation of agricultural exports. Accordingly, natural disasters, particularly earthquakes which occur regularly in New Zealand, can have a significant adverse impact on the economy. New Zealand is heavily dependent upon international trade and, consequently, has been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which it trades. Reduction in spending, particularly by key trading partners, on New Zealand products and services may cause an adverse impact on the New Zealand economy. New Zealand’s economy may be negatively affected if trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values or other protectionist measures are imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it trades.
Risk of Investing in North America.  The United States is Canada’s and Mexico’s largest trading and investment partner. The Canadian and Mexican economies are significantly affected by developments in the U.S. economy. Since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994 among Canada, the United States and Mexico, total merchandise trade between the three countries has increased. To further this relationship, the three NAFTA countries entered into the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America in March 2005, which may further affect Canada’s and Mexico’s dependency on the U.S. economy. Economic events in any one North American country can have a significant economic effect on the entire North American region, and on some or all of the North American countries in which a Fund invests.
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Risk of Investing in Norway.  Investment in Norwegian issuers may subject the Fund to legal, regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risks specific to Norway. Norway is a major producer of oil and gas, and Norway’s economy is subject to the risk of fluctuations in oil and gas prices. The high value of the Norwegian krone as compared to other currencies could have a damaging effect on Norwegian exports and investments. The influx of oil and gas revenue has permitted Norway to expand its social welfare system. In recent years, labor costs in Norway have increased faster than those of its major trading partners, eroding industrial competitiveness.
Risk of Investing in Peru. Investment in securities of Peruvian issuers involves risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in developed countries. Such heightened risks include, among others, less publicly available financial and other information, political instability and social unrest. In addition, Peru faces economic development problems, including heavy regulation of labor which may stifle economic growth, significant unemployment in certain regions and widespread underemployment.
The securities market of Peru is considered an emerging market characterized by a small number of listed companies and a secondary trading market with small trading volumes and limited participants. These factors and others limit the supply of securities available for investment by a Fund. This will affect the rate at which a Fund is able to invest in Peru, the purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and sales.
The Peruvian economy is heavily dependent on commodities markets. Peru is the world's top producer of silver, second in zinc, third in copper and tin, fourth in lead, and sixth in gold. Mineral exports have consistently accounted for the most significant portion of Peru's export revenue, and any changes in this sector could adversely impact the Peruvian economy. In addition, the agriculture and fisheries sectors account for a large portion of Peruvian exports, and any changes in these sectors or fluctuations in the commodities markets could have an adverse impact on the Peruvian economy.
The Peruvian economy is dependent on the economies of other Central and South American countries, Europe, China, and the United States as key trading partners. Reduction in spending on Peruvian products and services by any of these trading partners or a downturn in any of these economies could adversely affect the Peruvian economy. Any change in the price or demand for Peruvian exports could adversely impact Peru’s economy. Peru’s economy may also be negatively affected if trade barriers, exchange controls or other protectionist measures are imposed or negotiated by the countries with which it trades.
Risk of Investing in the Philippines.  Investment in securities of Philippine issuers involves risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in developed countries. The Philippines has experienced a high level of debt and public spending, which may stifle economic growth, contribute to prolonged periods of recession or lower the country’s sovereign debt rating and adversely impact investments in a Fund. Large, unprofitable public enterprises, especially in the energy sector, contribute to the government’s debt because of slow progress on privatization.
The Philippines’ democracy has a relatively short history, increasing the risk of political instability. The Philippines has in the past faced political and militant unrest, and further unrest could present a risk to the local economy and securities markets. The Philippines’ political history is marred with widespread fraud and violence. The Philippines has periodically experienced and is currently experiencing violence and terrorism, including international terrorist organizations. Any acts of terrorism or armed conflicts in the Philippines or internationally could have an adverse effect on the financial and commodities markets and the global economy. Furthermore, increased political and social unrest in any neighboring country could cause further economic and market uncertainty in the region.
The Philippines’ economy is heavily dependent on exports, particularly electronics and semiconductors. The Philippines’ reliance on these sectors makes it vulnerable to economic downturns during periods of slumps in the information technology sectors. In addition, many economic development problems remain, including high unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, endemic corruption, poverty, and intensifying global competition from neighboring countries.
The Philippine government may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in the Philippines, which could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments that could adversely affect investments in the Philippines.
The market for Philippine securities is directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and economic and market conditions of certain countries, especially emerging market countries in Southeastern Asia. Adverse economic conditions or developments in other emerging market countries have at times significantly affected the availability of credit in the
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Philippine economy and resulted in considerable outflows of funds and declines in the amount of foreign currency invested in the Philippines. A crisis in neighboring emerging market countries also may increase investors’ perception of risk in the Philippines, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by Philippine companies, including securities in which a Fund may invest.
Risk of Investing in Poland.  Investment in securities of Polish issuers involves risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in developed countries. Such heightened risks include, among others, a relatively short history of democracy, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, less publicly available financial and other information, and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. In addition, Poland faces many economic development problems, including high unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, endemic corruption, poverty, and intensifying global competition from neighboring countries.
Securities laws in Poland are relatively new and unsettled and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, custody and title to securities and shareholder rights. Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations. In circumstances where adequate laws and shareholder rights exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift and equitable enforcement of the law.
The securities market of Poland is considered an emerging market characterized by a small number of listed companies and a relatively illiquid secondary trading market, particularly for corporate bonds. These factors, coupled with restrictions on foreign investment and other factors, limit the supply of securities available for investment by a Fund. This will affect the rate at which a Fund is able to invest in Poland, the purchase and sale prices for such securities and the timing of purchases and sales.
The government in Poland may restrict or control to varying degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers located or operating in Poland. Moreover, governmental approval or special licenses prior to investments by foreign investors may be required and may limit the amount of investments by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or issuer. A delay in obtaining a required government approval or license would delay investments in Poland, and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to invest in certain securities while approval is pending. The government of Poland may also withdraw or decline to renew a license that enables a Fund to invest in Poland. Any one of these factors could cause a decline in the value of a Fund.
The Polish government may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in Poland, which could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments that could adversely affect investments in Poland.
The market for Polish securities is directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and economic and market conditions of certain countries, especially emerging market countries in Eastern Europe. Adverse economic conditions or developments in other emerging market countries have at times significantly affected the availability of credit in the Polish economy and resulted in considerable outflows of funds and declines in the amount of foreign currency invested in Poland.
Risk of Investing in Singapore.  Investments in Singaporean issuers may subject a Fund to legal, regulatory, political, currency and economic risks specific to Singapore. Specifically, political and economic developments of its neighbors may have an adverse effect on Singapore’s economy. In addition, because its economy is export driven, Singapore relies heavily on its trading partners. China is a major purchaser of Singapore's exports and serves as a source of Singapore's imports. Singapore derives a significant portion of its foreign investments from China. Singapore also has substantial economic exposure to Malaysia and the United States. As a result, Singapore’s economy is susceptible to fluctuations in the world economy. A downturn in the economies of China, Malaysia or the United States, among other countries or regions, could adversely affect Singapore's economy. In addition, Singapore’s economy may be particularly vulnerable to external market changes due to its smaller size.
Risk of Investing in the United Kingdom.  Investment in British issuers may subject a Fund to regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risks specific to the United Kingdom. The British economy relies heavily on export of financial services to the United States and other European countries. A prolonged slowdown in the financial services sector may have a negative impact on the British economy. In the past, the United Kingdom has been a target of terrorism. Acts of terrorism in
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the United Kingdom or against British interests abroad may cause uncertainty in the British financial markets and adversely affect the performance of the issuers to which a Fund has exposure. The British economy, along with the United States and certain other European economies, experienced a significant economic slowdown during the recent financial crisis.
U.S. Economic Trading Partners Risk.  The United States is a significant, and in some cases the most significant, trading partner of, or foreign investor in, the country or countries in which a Fund invests, the economic conditions of which may be particularly affected by changes in the U.S. economy. The U.S. economy has recently experienced very difficult conditions and volatility, as well as significant adverse trends. While government intervention and recent legislation has been enacted to improve the U.S. economy, the recovery has been fragile and modest. A decrease in U.S. imports, new trade regulations, changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rate or an economic slowdown in the United States may have a material adverse effect on a country’s economic conditions and, as a result, securities to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group.  The capital goods industry group may be affected by fluctuations in the business cycle and by other factors affecting manufacturing demands. The capital goods industry group depends heavily on corporate spending. The capital goods industry group may perform well during times of economic expansion, and as economic conditions worsen, the demand for capital goods may decrease due to weakening demand, worsening business cash flows, tighter credit controls and deteriorating profitability. During times of economic volatility, corporate spending may fall and adversely affect the capital goods industry group. This industry group may also be affected by changes in interest rates, corporate tax rates and other government policies. Many capital goods are sold internationally and such companies are subject to market conditions in other countries and regions.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector.  Companies engaged in the design, production or distribution of products or services for the consumer discretionary sector (including, without limitation, television and radio broadcasting, manufacturing, publishing, recording and musical instruments, motion pictures, photography, amusement and theme parks, gaming casinos, sporting goods and sports arenas, camping and recreational equipment, toys and games, apparel, travel-related services, automobiles, hotels and motels, and fast food and other restaurants) are subject to the risk that their products or services may become obsolete quickly. The success of these companies can depend heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. During periods of an expanding economy, the consumer discretionary sector may outperform the consumer staples sector, but may underperform when economic conditions worsen. Moreover, the consumer discretionary sector can be significantly affected by several factors, including, without limitation, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange rates, changing consumer preferences, demographics, marketing campaigns, cyclical revenue generation, consumer confidence, commodity price volatility, labor relations, interest rates, import and export controls, intense competition, technological developments and government regulation.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector.  Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by changes in the global economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics and consumer preferences, and production spending. Companies in the consumer staples sector may also be affected by changes in global economic, environmental and political events, economic conditions, the depletion of resources, and government regulation. For instance, government regulations may affect the permissibility of using various food additives and production methods of companies that make food products, which could affect company profitability. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by the adoption of proposed legislation and/or by litigation. Companies in the consumer staples sector also may be subject to risks pertaining to the supply of, demand for and prices of raw materials. The prices of raw materials fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, changes in government agricultural support programs, exchange rates, import and export controls, changes in international agricultural and trading policies, and seasonal and weather conditions. Companies in the consumer staples sector may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability.
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector.  Companies in the energy sector are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, energy supply and demand, government regulations and policies, energy production and conservation efforts, technological change, and other factors that a company cannot control. These companies may also lack resources and have limited business lines. The energy sector is cyclical and is highly dependent on commodity prices; prices and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to, among other things, national and international political changes, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the key energy-consuming countries.
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Companies in the energy sector may be adversely affected by terrorism, natural disasters or other catastrophes. Companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property, pollution or other environmental damage claims. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. Significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. Additionally, the Middle East, where many companies in the energy sector may operate, has historically and recently seen widespread social unrest.
Companies in the energy sector may also be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, negative perception, efforts at energy conservation and world events in the regions in which the companies operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Because a significant portion of revenues of companies in this sector are derived from a relatively small number of customers that are largely composed of governmental entities and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on the stock prices of companies in this sector. The energy sector is highly regulated. Entities operating in the energy sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation can change rapidly or over time in both scope and intensity. Stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would likely increase compliance costs and may materially adversely affect the financial performance of companies in the energy sector.
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector.  Companies in the financials sector include regional and money center banks, securities brokerage firms, asset management companies, savings banks and thrift institutions, specialty finance companies (e.g., credit card, mortgage providers), insurance and insurance brokerage firms, financial conglomerates and foreign banking and financial companies. The global financial markets have experienced very difficult conditions and volatility as well as significant adverse trends. The conditions in these markets have resulted in a decrease in availability of corporate credit, capital and liquidity and have led indirectly to the insolvency, closure or acquisition of a number of financial institutions. These conditions have also contributed to consolidation within the financial industry. In addition, the global financial industry has been materially and adversely affected by a significant decline in the value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and by the sovereign debt crisis. The prospects of many financial companies are questionable and continue to evolve as financial companies revise their outlooks and write down assets that they hold.
Most financial companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which limits their activities and may affect their ability to earn a profit from a given line of business. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financials sector, including effects not intended by the regulation. Direct governmental intervention in the operations of financial companies and financial markets may materially and adversely affect the companies in which a Fund invests, including legislation in many countries that may increase government regulation, repatriation and other intervention. The impact of governmental intervention and legislative changes on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The valuation of financial companies has been and continues to be subject to unprecedented volatility and may be influenced by unpredictable factors, including interest rate risk and sovereign debt default. Certain financial businesses are subject to intense competitive pressures, including market share and price competition. Financial companies in foreign countries are subject to market specific and general regulatory and interest rate concerns. In particular, government regulation in certain foreign countries may include taxes and controls on interest rates, credit availability, minimum capital requirements, ban on short sales, prices and currency transfers.
The profitability of banks, savings and loan associations and financial companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change; for instance, when interest rates go up, the value of securities issued by many types of companies in the financials sector generally goes down. In other words, financial companies may be adversely affected in certain market cycles, including, without limitation, during periods of rising interest rates, which may restrict the availability and increase the cost of capital, and during periods of declining economic conditions, which may cause, among other things, credit losses due to financial difficulties of borrowers.
In addition, general economic conditions are important to the operations of these companies, and financial difficulties of borrowers may have an adverse effect on the profitability of financial companies. Financial companies can be highly dependent upon access to capital markets and any impediments to such access, such as adverse overall economic conditions or a negative perception in the capital markets of a financial company’s financial condition or prospects, could adversely affect its business. Deterioration of credit markets, as experienced in 2008 and 2009, can have an adverse impact on a broad range of financial markets, causing certain financial companies to incur large losses. In these conditions,
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companies in the financials sector may experience significant declines in the valuation of their assets, take actions to raise capital and even cease operations. Some financial companies may also be required to accept or borrow significant amounts of capital from government sources and may face future government imposed restrictions on their businesses or increased government intervention. In addition, there is no guarantee that governments will provide any such relief in the future. These actions may cause the securities of many companies in the financials sector to decline in value.
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector.  Companies in the healthcare sector are often issuers whose profitability may be affected by extensive government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising or falling costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure, an increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and other market developments. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection and the actual or perceived safety and efficiency of their products.
Patents have a limited duration and, upon expiration, other companies may market substantially similar “generic” products that are typically sold at a lower price than the patented product, causing the original developer of the product to lose market share and/or reduce the price charged for the product, resulting in lower profits for the original developer. As a result, the expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.
In addition, because the products and services of many companies in the healthcare sector affect the health and well-being of many individuals, these companies are especially susceptible to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the healthcare sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly, resulting in increased development costs, delayed cost recovery and loss of competitive advantage to the extent that rival companies have developed competing products or procedures, adversely affecting the company’s revenues and profitability. In other words, delays in the regulatory approval process may diminish the opportunity for a company to profit from a new product or to bring a new product to market, which could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Healthcare companies may also be strongly affected by scientific biotechnology or technological developments and their products may quickly become obsolete. Also, many healthcare companies offer products and services that are subject to governmental regulation and may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies or laws. Legislation introduced or considered by certain governments on any individual healthcare company or on the healthcare sector as a whole cannot be predicted. These laws and proposals span a wide range of topics, including cost control, national health insurance, incentives for compensation in the provision of healthcare services, tax incentives and penalties related to healthcare insurance premiums, and promotion of prepaid healthcare plans. No one can predict what proposals will be enacted or what potentially adverse effect they may have on healthcare-related or biotechnology-related companies.
Additionally, the expansion of facilities by healthcare related providers is subject to “determinations of need” by certain government authorities. This process not only increases the time and costs involved in these expansions, but also makes expansion plans uncertain, limiting the revenue and profitability growth potential of healthcare related facilities operators and negatively affecting the prices of their securities. Moreover, in recent years both local and national governmental budgets have come under pressure to reduce spending and control healthcare costs, which could both adversely affect regulatory processes and public funding available for healthcare products, services and facilities.
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector.  The value of securities issued by companies in the industrials sector may be affected by supply and demand both for their specific products or services and for industrials sector products in general. The products of manufacturing companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Government regulations, world events and economic conditions affect the performance of companies in the industrials sector. The industrials sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced by unpredictable factors. For example, commodity price declines and unit volume reductions resulting from an over-supply of materials used in the industrials sector can adversely affect the sector. Furthermore, companies in the industrials sector may be subject to liability for environmental damage, product liability claims, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control.
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector.  Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Like other technology companies, information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent
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new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the information technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses. These risks are heightened for information technology companies in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector.  Companies in the materials sector may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, technical progress, labor relations and government regulations, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control, among other factors. Also, companies in the materials sector are at risk of liability for environmental damage and product liability claims. Production of materials may exceed demand as a result of market imbalances or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns. These risks are heightened for companies in the materials sector located in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector.  Technology companies are characterized by periodic new product introductions, innovations and evolving industry standards, and, as a result, face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Companies in the technology sector are often smaller and less experienced companies and may be subject to greater risks than larger companies; these risks may be heightened for technology companies in foreign markets. Technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, changes in consumer and business purchasing patterns, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. In addition, a rising interest rate environment tends to negatively affect companies in the technology sector because, in such an environment, those companies with high market valuations may appear less attractive to investors, which may cause sharp decreases in the companies’ market prices. Companies in the technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. The technology sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced or characterized by unpredictable factors. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector.  The telecommunications sector of an economy is often subject to extensive government regulation. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failure to receive required regulatory approvals, or the enactment of new regulatory requirements may negatively affect the business of telecommunications companies. Government actions around the world, specifically in the area of pre-marketing clearance of products and prices, can be arbitrary and unpredictable. Companies in the telecommunications sector may experience distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in formulating new products and services using new technology. Technological innovations may make the products and services of certain telecommunications companies obsolete. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the telecommunications sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector.  Investments in utility companies involve special considerations, including the risk of changing commodity prices, government regulation stipulating rates charged by utilities, increased tariffs, changes in tax laws, interest rate fluctuations and changes in the cost of providing specific utility services. The utilities industry is also subject to potential terrorist attacks, natural disasters and severe weather conditions, as well as regulatory and operational burdens associated with the operation and maintenance of nuclear facilities. Government regulators monitor and control utility revenues and costs, and therefore may limit utility profits. In certain countries, regulatory authorities may also restrict a company’s access to new markets, thereby diminishing the company’s long-term prospects.
There are substantial differences among the regulatory practices and policies of various jurisdictions, and any regulatory agency may make major shifts in policy from time to time. There is no assurance that regulatory authorities will, in the future, grant rate increases or that such increases will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on common stocks issued by
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a utility company. Additionally, existing and possible future regulatory legislation may make it even more difficult for utilities to obtain adequate relief. Certain of the issuers of securities held in a Fund's portfolio may own or operate nuclear generating facilities. Governmental authorities may from time to time review existing policies and impose additional requirements governing the licensing, construction and operation of nuclear power plants. Prolonged changes in climate conditions can also have a significant impact on both the revenues of an electric and gas utility as well as the expenses of a utility, particularly a hydro-based electric utility.
The rates that traditional regulated utility companies may charge their customers generally are subject to review and limitation by governmental regulatory commissions. Rate changes may occur only after a prolonged approval period or may not occur at all, which could adversely affect earnings and dividends when costs are rising. The value of regulated utility debt securities (and, to a lesser extent, equity securities) tends to have an inverse relationship to the movement of interest rates. Certain utility companies have experienced full or partial deregulation in recent years. These utility companies are frequently more similar to industrial companies in that they are subject to greater competition and have been permitted by regulators to diversify outside of their original geographic regions and their traditional lines of business. As a result, some companies may be forced to defend their core business and may be less profitable.
Proxy Voting Policies
All Funds (other than the iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF):
The Trust has adopted proxy voting policies for each Fund that incorporate and amplify the proxy voting guidelines of BFA, the investment adviser to each Fund. The Trust has delegated to BFA the responsibility for voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by each Fund. The remainder of this section discusses each Fund’s proxy voting guidelines and BFA’s role in implementing such guidelines.
BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies for each Fund in a manner that BFA, in the exercise of its independent business judgment, concludes is in the best economic interests of such Fund. In some cases, BFA may determine that it is in the best economic interests of a Fund to refrain from exercising the Fund’s proxy voting rights (such as, for example, proxies on certain non-U.S. securities that might impose costly or time-consuming in-person voting requirements). With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, BFA’s approach is also driven by each Fund's economic interests. The evaluation of the economic desirability of recalling loans involves balancing the revenue-producing value of loans against the likely economic value of casting votes. Based on our evaluation of this relationship, we believe that the likely economic value of casting a vote generally is less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by BFA recalling loaned securities in order to ensure they are voted. Periodically, BFA analyzes the process and benefits of voting proxies for securities on loan, and will consider whether any modification of its proxy voting policies or procedures are necessary in light of any regulatory changes. BFA will normally vote on specific proxy issues in accordance with its proxy voting guidelines. BFA’s proxy voting guidelines provide detailed guidance as to how to vote proxies on certain important or commonly raised issues. BFA may, in the exercise of its business judgment, conclude that the proxy voting guidelines do not cover the specific matter upon which a proxy vote is requested, or that an exception to the proxy voting guidelines would be in the best economic interests of a Fund. BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of such issuer) to a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates, or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates. When voting proxies, BFA attempts to encourage issuers to follow practices that enhance shareholder value and increase transparency and allow the market to place a proper value on their assets. With respect to certain specific issues:
Each Fund generally supports the board’s nominees in the election of directors and generally supports proposals that strengthen the independence of boards of directors;
Where a director has committed himself or herself to service on more than four public company boards (but no more than six public company boards in most circumstances), a Fund will consider such director’s individual circumstances in determining whether the director will be able to commit sufficient focus and time to a particular company;
Each Fund generally defers to an issuer’s choice of auditors so long as the corporate auditors represent the interests of shareholders and provide an independent view of the propriety of financial reporting decisions of management;
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Each Fund generally favors disclosure of a company’s compensation and benefits policies and opposes excessive compensation, but believes that compensation matters are normally best determined by a company’s board of directors;
Each Fund generally expects to support capital structure requests that it believes enhance the rights of common shareholders and oppose requests that appear to be unreasonably dilutive;
Each Fund generally does not support proposals on social issues that lack a demonstrable economic benefit to the issuer and the Fund investing in such issuer; and
Each Fund generally votes against anti-takeover proposals and proposals that would create additional barriers or costs to corporate transactions that are likely to deliver a premium to shareholders.
BFA maintains institutional policies and procedures that are designed to prevent any relationship between the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of the issuer) and a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates (if any) or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates, from having undue influence on BFA’s proxy voting activity. In certain instances, BFA may determine to engage an independent fiduciary to vote proxies as a further safeguard against potential conflicts of interest or as otherwise required by applicable law. The independent fiduciary may either vote such proxies or provide BFA with instructions as to how to vote such proxies. In the latter case, BFA votes the proxy in accordance with the independent fiduciary’s determination.
The iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF:
The Trust has adopted, as its proxy voting policies for the iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF, the proxy voting guidelines of Governance for Owners LLP (“Governance for Owners”). The Trust has delegated to Governance for Owners the responsibility for making voting determinations with respect to the portfolio securities held by the Fund, and the Fund (acting through its relevant service providers) votes proxies on the portfolio securities in accordance with those voting determinations. The remainder of this section discusses the Fund’s proxy voting guidelines and Governance for Owners’ role in implementing such guidelines.
Pursuant to a consulting services agreement with the Trust, Governance for Owners makes voting determinations for the Fund in a manner that Governance for Owners, in the exercise of its independent business judgment, concludes is in the best economic interests of the Fund. In some cases, the Fund may determine that it is in its best economic interests to refrain from exercising its proxy voting rights (such as, for example, proxies on certain non-U.S. securities that might impose costly or time-consuming in-person voting requirements). With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, the Fund’s approach is also driven by shareholders’ economic interests. The evaluation of the economic desirability of recalling loans involves balancing the revenue-producing value of loans against the likely economic value of casting votes. Based on our evaluation of this relationship, we believe that the likely economic value of casting a vote generally is less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by the Fund recalling loaned securities in order to ensure they are voted. Periodically, the Fund analyzes the process and benefits of voting proxies for securities on loan, and will consider whether any modifications of its proxy voting policies or procedures are necessary in light of any regulatory changes. Governance for Owners periodically reviews its proxy voting guidelines and will consider whether any modifications of the guidelines are necessary in light of any regulatory changes. Governance for Owners will normally make voting determinations on specific proxy issues in accordance with its proxy voting guidelines. Governance for Owners’ proxy voting guidelines provide guidance as to how to vote proxies on certain important or commonly raised issues. Governance for Owners makes voting determinations without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of such issuer) to the Fund, the Fund’s affiliates (if any), Governance for Owners or Governance for Owners’ affiliates, BFA or BFA’s affiliates, or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates. When voting proxies, the Fund attempts to encourage issuers to follow practices that enhance shareholder value and increase transparency and allow the market to place a proper value on their assets. With respect to certain specific issues:
Governance for Owners normally makes voting determinations in favor of the re-election of directors, except where there are strong concerns that a lack of independent directors has resulted in decisions or outcomes that were detrimental to minority shareholders;
Governance for Owners would normally determine to withhold votes or vote against such resolutions generic matters (such as, “any other business”) depending on their overall assessment of the board and its past actions;
Governance for Owners would normally determine to vote in favor of amendments to corporate charter documents
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  but would determine to withhold votes or vote against such proposals where the proposed changes weakened minority shareholder rights or were otherwise detrimental to the interests of minority shareholders; and
Governance for Owners assesses proposals related to significant acquisitions or divestments on a case-by-case bases, taking into account the merits of the proposed transaction and its likely benefit for all shareholders.
BFA maintains institutional policies and procedures that are designed to prevent any relationship between the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of the issuer) and the Fund, the Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates (if any) or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates, from having undue influence on the Fund’s proxy voting activity.
Information with respect to how BFA voted proxies relating to the Funds' portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30 is available: (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or through the Funds' website at www.iShares.com; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio holdings information that requires that such information be disclosed in a manner that: (i) is consistent with applicable legal requirements and in the best interests of each Fund’s respective shareholders; (ii) does not put the interests of BFA, the Distributor or any affiliated person of BFA or the Distributor, above those of Fund shareholders; (iii) does not advantage any current or prospective Fund shareholders over any other current or prospective Fund shareholders, except to the extent that certain Entities (as described below) may receive portfolio holdings information not available to other current or prospective Fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units, as discussed below, and certain information may be provided to personnel of BFA and its affiliates who manage funds that invest a significant percentage of their assets in shares of the Fund for the purpose of facilitating risk management and hedging activities; and (iv) does not provide selective access to portfolio holdings information except pursuant to the procedures outlined below and to the extent appropriate confidentiality arrangements limiting the use of such information are in effect. The “Entities” referred to in sub-section (iii) above are generally limited to National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) members, subscribers to various fee-based subscription services, large institutional investors (known as “Authorized Participants”) that have been authorized by the Distributor to purchase and redeem large blocks of shares pursuant to legal requirements and market makers and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information or transactional services.
Each business day, each Fund's portfolio holdings information is provided to the Distributor or other agent for dissemination through the facilities of the NSCC and/or other fee-based subscription services to NSCC members and/or subscribers to those other fee-based subscription services, including market makers and Authorized Participants, and to entities that publish and/or analyze such information in connection with the process of purchasing or redeeming Creation Units or trading shares of the Funds in the secondary market or evaluating such potential transactions. This information typically reflects each Fund’s anticipated holdings on the following business day.
Daily access to information concerning the Funds' portfolio holdings is permitted (i) to certain personnel of those service providers that are involved in portfolio management and providing administrative, operational, risk management, or other support to portfolio management; and (ii) to other personnel of BFA and the Distributor and their affiliates, and the administrator, custodian and fund accountant who deal directly with or assist in, functions related to investment management, distribution, administration, custody, securities lending and fund accounting, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with agreements with the Funds and the terms of the Funds' current registration statements. In addition, each Fund discloses its portfolio holdings and the percentages they represent of the Fund's net assets at least monthly, and as often as each day the Fund is open for business, at www.iShares.com. More information about this disclosure is available at www.iShares.com.
Portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds in the ordinary course of business after it has been disseminated to the NSCC. From time to time, information concerning portfolio holdings other than portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds, including rating or ranking organizations, in the ordinary course of business, no earlier than one business day following the date of the information.
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Each Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings schedule in public filings with the SEC within 70 days after the end of each fiscal quarter and will provide that information to shareholders as required by federal securities laws and regulations thereunder. A Fund may, however, voluntarily disclose all or part of its portfolio holdings other than in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, in advance of required filings with the SEC, provided that such information is made generally available to all shareholders and other interested parties in a manner that is consistent with the above policy for disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Such information may be made available through a publicly-available website or other means that make the information available to all likely interested parties contemporaneously.
The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information pursuant to the above policy and procedures.
The Board reviews the policy and procedures for disclosure of portfolio holdings information at least annually.
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes
Descriptions of the Underlying Indexes are provided below.
The MSCI Indexes
The MSCI indexes were founded in 1969 by Capital International S.A. as the first international performance benchmarks constructed to facilitate accurate comparison of world markets. The MSCI single country standard equity indexes have covered the world's developed markets since 1969 and in 1987 MSCI commenced coverage of emerging markets.
Local stock exchanges traditionally calculated their own indexes, which were generally not comparable with one another due to differences in the representation of the local market, mathematical formulas, base dates and methods of adjusting for capital changes. MSCI, however, applies the same calculation methodology to all markets for all single country standard equity indexes, both developed and emerging.
MSCI's Global Investable Market Indexes (the “MSCI GIMI”) provide exhaustive coverage and non-overlapping market segmentation by market capitalization size and by style. The MSCI GIMI intends to target approximately 99% coverage of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in each market of large-, mid- and small-cap securities.
MSCI Global Standard Indexes cover all investable large- and mid-cap securities by including approximately 85% of each market's free float-adjusted market capitalization.
MSCI Global Small Cap Indexes provide coverage to all companies with a market capitalization below that of the companies in the MSCI Global Standard Indexes by including above and beyond the coverage of the MSCI Global Standard Indexes.
MSCI Global Investable Market Indexes
Selection Criteria. MSCI's index construction process involves: (i) defining the equity universe; (ii) determining the market investable equity universe for each market; (iii) determining market capitalization size segments for each market; (iv) applying final size segment investability requirements; and (v) applying index continuity rules for the MSCI Global Standard Index.
Defining the Equity Universe. MSCI begins with securities listed in countries in the MSCI GIMI. Of these countries, as of June 28, 2013, 24 are classified as developed markets, 21 as emerging markets, and 25 as frontier markets. All listed equity securities and listed securities that exhibit characteristics of equity securities, except mutual funds, exchange traded funds, equity derivatives, limited partnerships and most investment trusts, are eligible for inclusion in the equity universe. REITs in some countries and certain income trusts in Canada are also eligible for inclusion. Each company and its securities (i.e., share classes) are classified in only one country.
Determining the Market Investable Equity Universe for Each Market. The equity universe in any market is derived by applying investability screens to individual companies and securities in the equity universe of that market. Some investability
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requirements are applied at the individual security level and some at the overall company level, represented by the aggregation of individual securities of the company. As a result, the inclusion or exclusion of one security does not imply the automatic inclusion or exclusion of other securities of the same company.
Determining Market Capitalization Size Segments for Each Market. In each market, MSCI creates an Investable Market Index, Standard Index, Large Cap Index, Mid Cap Index and Small Cap Index. The MSCI Global Standard Index is the aggregation of the Large Cap Index and Mid Cap Index. The MSCI GIMI is the aggregation of the MSCI Global Standard Index and MSCI Global Small Cap Index. In order to create size components that can be meaningfully aggregated into composites, individual market size segments balance the following two objectives:
Achieving global size integrity by ensuring that companies of comparable and relevant sizes are included in a given size segment across all markets in a composite index; and
Achieving consistent market coverage by ensuring that each market's size segment is represented in its proportional weight in the composite universe.
Applying Final Size Segment Investability Requirements. In order to enhance replicability of the indexes, additional size segment investability requirements are set for the MSCI GIMI and MSCI Global Standard Index. These investability requirements include minimum free float-adjusted market capitalization, minimum liquidity, minimum foreign limits and minimum length of trading.
Applying Index Continuity Rules for the Standard Index. In order to achieve index continuity as well as provide some basic level of diversification within a market index, notwithstanding the effect of other index construction rules contained herein, a minimum number of five constituents will be maintained for a developed market Standard Index and a minimum number of three constituents will be maintained for an emerging market Standard Index.
Weighting. All indexes of the MSCI GIMI are free float weighted, i.e., companies are included in the indexes at the value of their free public float (free float multiplied by security price).
Regional Weights. Market capitalization weighting, combined with a consistent target of approximately 99% of free float-adjusted market capitalization, helps ensure that each country's weight in regional and international indexes approximates its weight in the total universe of developing and emerging markets. A market is equivalent to a single country except for developed Europe, where all markets are aggregated into a single market for index construction purposes. Individual country indexes of the European developed markets are derived from the constituents of the MSCI GIMI Europe Index.
Free Float. MSCI defines the free float of a security as the proportion of shares outstanding that are deemed to be available for purchase in the public equity markets by international investors. In practice, limitations on free float available to international investors include: (i) strategic and other shareholdings not considered part of available free float; and (ii) limits on share ownership for foreigners.
Under MSCI's free float-adjustment methodology, a constituent's inclusion factor is equal to its estimated free float rounded-up to the closest 5% for constituents with free float equal to or exceeding 15%. For example, a constituent security with a free float of 23.2% will be included in the index at 25% of its market capitalization. For securities with a free float of less than 15%, the estimated free float is adjusted to the nearest 1%.
Price and Exchange Rates
Prices. The prices used to calculate all MSCI indexes are the official exchange closing prices or those figures accepted as such. MSCI reserves the right to use an alternative pricing source on any given day.
Exchange Rates. Since July 2000, MSCI uses the WM/Reuters Closing Spot Rates taken at 4:00 p.m. London time. In case WM/Reuters does not provide rates for specific markets on given days (for example, Christmas Day and New Year's Day), the previous business day's rates are normally used. MSCI independently monitors the exchange rates on all its indexes. MSCI may under exceptional circumstances elect to use alternative sources of exchange rates if the WM/Reuters rates are not available, or if MSCI determines that the WM/Reuters rates are not reflective of market circumstances for a given currency on a particular day. In such circumstances, an announcement would be sent to clients with the related information. If appropriate, MSCI may conduct a consultation with the investment community to gather feedback on the most relevant exchange rate.
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Changes to the Indexes. The MSCI GIMI is maintained with the objective of reflecting, on a timely basis, the evolution of the underlying equity markets. In maintaining the MSCI indexes, emphasis is also placed on continuity, replicability and minimizing turnover in the indexes. Maintaining the MSCI indexes involves many aspects, including (i) additions to, and deletions from, the indexes; (ii) changes in number of shares; and (iii) changes in inclusion factors as a result of updated free float estimates.
Index maintenance can be described by three broad categories of changes:
Semi-Annual Index Reviews (“SAIRs”), conducted on a fixed semi-annual timetable that systematically reassess the various dimensions of the equity universe for all markets;
Quarterly Index Reviews (“QIRs”), aimed at promptly reflecting other significant market events; and
Ongoing event-related changes, such as mergers, acquisitions, spin-offs, bankruptcies, reorganizations and other similar corporate events, which generally are implemented in the indexes as they occur.
Potential changes in the status of countries (stand-alone, frontier, emerging and developed) follow their own implementation time tables.
MSCI conducts SAIRs generally as of the close of the last business day of May and November. During the SAIRs, MSCI updates the investable equity universe and reassesses size segmentation investability requirements. MSCI also conducts QIRs generally as of the close of the last business day of February and August. During the QIRs, MSCI reflects changes in the index that were not captured at the time of their actual occurrence, but are significant enough to be included before the next SAIR. The results of the SAIR and QIR are generally announced at least ten business days in advance of implementation.
MSCI 25/50 Indexes
Each of the MSCI 25/50 Indexes (the “25/50 Indexes”) is a sub-index of either an MSCI Global Standard Index or an MSCI GIMI. Their construction reflects the diversification requirements applicable to RICs pursuant to Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. The 25/50 Indexes are free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted indexes with a capping methodology applied to issuer weights so that no single issuer of a component exceeds 25% of index weight and all issuers with a weight above 5% do not exceed 50% of the index weight. A software application called the Barra Optimizer is utilized to calculate the capped index weights through an optimization function which is aimed at minimizing index turnover, tracking error and extreme deviation from the uncapped index.
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MSCI All Ireland Capped Index
Number of Components: approximately 25 (as of 9/30/13)
Index Description. The MSCI All Ireland Capped Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index that aims to reflect the performance of securities that are listed in Ireland and classified in Ireland according to the MSCI Global Investable Market Indices methodology (“Investable Market Methodology”), as well as securities of companies that are headquartered or listed in Ireland, and have the majority of their operations based in Ireland, but are not classified in Ireland as per the Investable Market Methodology.
MSCI All Peru Capped Index
Number of Components: approximately 25
Weighting. The MSCI All Peru Capped Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index, i.e., companies are included in the Underlying Index at weights determined according to the value of their free public float (free float multiplied by security price). Any single security with a free float-adjusted market capitalization weight greater than 22.5% will have its weight capped in the Underlying Index at 22.5%. All single securities with a weight greater than 4.5% will have their weights capped such that, in the aggregate, these securities do not have a weight greater than 45% of the Underlying Index.
Selection Criteria. The Underlying Index is an MSCI index designed to measure the performance of the “Broad Peru Equity Universe.” MSCI identifies the “Broad Peru Equity Universe” as those that are classified in Peru according to the MSCI GIMI Methodology (a methodology employed by MSCI to construct its GIMI, which classifies eligible securities according to their country of listing) as well as securities of companies that are headquartered in Peru and have the majority of their operations based in Peru. At initial construction, the Underlying Index will hold the top 25 Peruvian equity securities by free float-adjusted market cap. MSCI's index construction process involves: (i) defining the equity universe and (ii) determining security selection.
(i) Defining the Equity Universe. MSCI begins by identifying Peruvian equity securities. Peruvian equity securities are defined as securities classified in Peru according to the MSCI GIMI Methodology as well as securities from companies that are headquartered in Peru and have the majority of their operations based in Peru. All listed Peruvian equity securities, or listed Peruvian securities that exhibit characteristics of equity securities, except mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), equity derivatives, limited partnerships, and most investment trusts are eligible for inclusion in the Broad Peru Equity Universe.
(ii) Determining security selection. The securities of the Broad Peru Equity Universe are ranked by their decreasing free float-adjusted market capitalization. Some investability requirements are applied at the individual security level and some at the overall company level, represented by the aggregation of individual securities of the company. Only one security per issuer is considered. The top 25 securities are selected for inclusion in the initial Underlying Index according to the following rules:
1. If a company eligible for inclusion within the Underlying Index has more than one equity security outstanding, the security with the most liquidity, as defined by MSCI, will be included in the Underlying Index. If a company has two types of shares or more in the local market, the eligible security for inclusion is the one that has the most liquidity, as defined by MSCI to be measured by the Annualized Traded Value Ratio (ATVR).
2. If a company eligible for inclusion within the Underlying Index has a secondary listing in a foreign market or dual listing in addition to its local listing, the security with the most liquidity, as defined by MSCI, will be included in the Underlying Index.
3. If a company eligible for inclusion within the Underlying Index has an ADR or a GDR listing in a foreign market in addition to its local listing, the security with the most liquidity, as defined by MSCI, will be included in the Underlying Index.
MSCI Australia Small Cap Index
Number of Components: approximately 170
Index Description. The MSCI Australia Small Cap Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities of small capitalization companies whose market capitalization represents the
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bottom 14% of the companies in the Australian securities market. Free-float market capitalization is calculated by taking the security's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market rather than the total number of shares outstanding.
MSCI Canada Small Cap Index
Number of Components: approximately 234
Index Description. The MSCI Canada Small Cap Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities of small capitalization companies whose market capitalization represents the bottom 14% of the companies in the Canadian securities market. Free-float market capitalization is calculated by taking the security's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market rather than the total number of shares outstanding.
MSCI Denmark Investable Market Index (IMI) 25/50
Number of Components: approximately 37
Index Description. The MSCI Denmark IMI 25/50 is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure broad based equity market performance in Denmark and consists of stocks traded primarily on the Danish Stock Exchange. Free-float market capitalization is calculated by taking the security's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market rather than the total number of shares outstanding.
MSCI Finland Investable Market Index (IMI) 25/50
Number of Components: approximately 41
Index Description. The MSCI Finland IMI 25/50 is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure broad based equity market performance in Finland and consists of stocks traded primarily on the Finnish Stock Exchange. Free-float market capitalization is calculated by taking the security's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market rather than the total number of shares outstanding.
MSCI Germany Small Cap Index
Number of Components: approximately 107
Index Description. The MSCI Germany Small Cap Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities of small capitalization companies whose market capitalization represents the bottom 14% of the companies in the German securities market. Free-float market capitalization is calculated by taking the security's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market rather than the total number of shares outstanding.
MSCI Hong Kong Small Cap Index
Number of Components: approximately 88
Index Description. The MSCI Hong Kong Small Cap Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities of small capitalization companies whose market capitalization represents the bottom 14% of the companies in the Hong Kong securities market. Free-float market capitalization is calculated by taking the security's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market rather than the total number of shares outstanding.
MSCI Indonesia Investable Market Index (IMI)
Number of Components: approximately 103
Index Description. The MSCI Indonesia IMI is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities in the top 99% by market capitalization of equity securities listed on stock exchanges in Indonesia.
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MSCI New Zealand IMI 25/50
Number of Components: approximately 23
Index Description. The MSCI New Zealand IMI 25/50 is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities listed on stock exchanges in New Zealand.
MSCI Norway Investable Market Index (IMI) 25/50
Number of Components: approximately 50
Index Description. The MSCI Norway IMI 25/50 is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure broad based equity market performance in Norway and consists of stocks traded primarily on the Norwegian Stock Exchange. Free-float market capitalization is calculated by taking the security's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market rather than the total number of shares outstanding.
MSCI Philippines Investable Market Index (IMI)
Number of Components: approximately 41
Index Description. The MSCI Philippines IMI is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities in the top 99% by market capitalization of equity securities listed on stock exchanges in the Philippines.
MSCI Poland IMI 25/50
Number of Components: approximately 41
Index Description. The MSCI Poland IMI 25/50 is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities listed on stock exchanges in Poland.
MSCI Singapore Small Cap Index
Number of Components: approximately 84
Index Description. The MSCI Singapore Small Cap Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities of small capitalization companies whose market capitalization represents the bottom 14% of the companies in the Singaporean securities market. Free-float market capitalization is calculated by taking the security's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market rather than the total number of shares outstanding.
MSCI United Kingdom Small Cap Index
Number of Components: approximately 239
Index Description. The MSCI United Kingdom Small Cap Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities of small capitalization companies whose market capitalization represents the bottom 14% of the companies in the British securities market. Free-float market capitalization is calculated by taking the security's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market rather than the total number of shares outstanding.
Additional Information. “MSCI,” MSCI All Ireland Capped Index, MSCI All Peru Capped Index, MSCI Australia Small Cap Index, MSCI Canada Small Cap Index, MSCI Denmark IMI 25/50, MSCI Finland IMI 25/50, MSCI Germany Small Cap Index, MSCI Hong Kong Small Cap Index, MSCI Indonesia IMI, MSCI New Zealand IMI 25/50, MSCI Norway IMI 25/50, MSCI Philippines IMI, MSCI Poland IMI 25/50, MSCI Singapore Small Cap Index and MSCI United Kingdom Small Cap Index are servicemarks of MSCI Inc. and have been licensed for use by BFA or its affiliates. The Funds are neither sponsored, endorsed, sold nor promoted by MSCI Inc., and MSCI Inc. makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any of the Funds.
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Investment Limitations
The Board has adopted as a non-fundamental policy the investment objective of each Fund. Therefore, each Fund may change its investment objective and its Underlying Index without a shareholder vote. The Board has adopted as fundamental policies the following numbered investment restrictions, which cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities. A vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a fund meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy and (b) more than 50% of outstanding voting securities of the fund.
The iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that the Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, and (ii) the Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), the Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by any regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this restriction shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or securities or other instruments backed by real estate or mortgages), or commodities or commodity contracts (but this restriction shall not prevent the Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including options on currencies to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that the Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
7. The Fund will not acquire more than 24.9% of the outstanding securities of any portfolio issuer (determined at the time of acquisition).
8. The Fund will abstain from voting the securities of a portfolio issuer on any matter, if the Fund's aggregate holdings of the securities of such portfolio issuer constitute in excess of 9.9% of the outstanding voting securities of such portfolio issuer at the time of the vote.
9. The Fund will not make any investment for the purpose of exercising control or management of a portfolio issuer.
Each of the iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF, iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF and iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries), except that each Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of
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  securities, and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
Each of the iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF, iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF, iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF, iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF, iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Philippines ETF, iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that each Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities; and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by any regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from investing in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or securities or other instruments backed by real estate or mortgages), or commodities or commodity contracts (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies set forth above, each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental policy not to invest in the securities of a company for the purpose of exercising management or control, or purchase or otherwise acquire any illiquid security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, which currently permits up to 15% of each Fund’s net assets to be invested in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment).
BFA monitors the liquidity of restricted securities in each Fund’s portfolio. In reaching liquidity decisions, BFA considers the following factors:
The frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
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The number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers;
Dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
The nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace in which it trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer).
If any percentage restriction described above is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in values of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction, except that certain percentage limitations will be observed continuously in accordance with applicable law.
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy in accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of the Underlying Index or in Depositary Receipts representing securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund also has adopted a non-fundamental policy to provide its shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior written notice of any change in such policy. If, subsequent to an investment, the 80% requirement is no longer met, a Fund’s future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Fund into compliance with this policy.
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental limitation such that, under normal market conditions, any borrowings by the Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s net assets.
Each Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. As a matter of policy, however, a Fund will not purchase shares of any registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust, in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) (the “fund of funds” provisions) of the Investment Company Act, at any time the Fund has knowledge that its shares are purchased by another investment company investor in reliance on the provisions of subparagraph (G) of Section 12(d)(1).
Continuous Offering
The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Funds on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares and sells such shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act must take into account all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.
Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to shares of the Funds are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the 1933 Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the 1933 Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Listing Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Listing Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is available only with respect to transactions on an exchange.
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Management
Trustees and Officers.  The Board has responsibility for the overall management and operations of the Funds, including general supervision of the duties performed by BFA and other service providers. Each Trustee serves until he or she resigns, is removed, dies, retires or becomes incapacitated. The President, Chief Compliance Officer, Treasurer and Secretary shall each hold office until their successors are chosen and qualified, and all other officers shall hold office until he or she resigns or is removed. Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust are referred to as independent trustees (“Independent Trustees”).
The registered investment companies advised by BFA or its affiliates are organized into one complex of closed-end funds, two complexes of open-end funds and one complex of exchange-traded funds (“Exchange-Traded Fund Complex”) (each, a “BlackRock Fund Complex”). Each Fund is included in the BlackRock Fund Complex referred to as the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. Each Trustee also serves as a Director of iShares, Inc., a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and, as a result, oversees a total of 304 funds within the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. With the exception of Robert S. Kapito, the address of each Trustee and officer is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. The address of Mr. Kapito is c/o BlackRock, Inc., Park Avenue Plaza, 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055. The Board has designated Robert H. Silver as its Independent Chairman. Additional information about the Funds' Trustees and officers may be found in this SAI, which is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737).
Interested Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert S. Kapito1
(56)
  Trustee
(since 2009).
  President and Director, BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006); Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc. and Head of BlackRock’s Portfolio Management Group (since its formation in 1998) and BlackRock’s predecessor entities (since 1988); Trustee, University of Pennsylvania (since 2009); President of Board of Directors, Hope & Heroes Children’s Cancer Fund (since 2002); President of the Board of Directors, Periwinkle Theatre for Youth (since 1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2009); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006).
Michael Latham2
(48)
  Trustee
(since 2010);
President
(since 2007).
  Chairman of iShares, BlackRock (since 2011); Global Chief Executive Officer of iShares, BlackRock (2010-2011); Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Americas iShares, Barclays Global Investors (“BGI”) (2007-2009); Director and Chief Financial Officer of Barclays Global Investors International, Inc. (2005-2009); Chief Operating Officer of the Intermediary Investor and Exchange-Traded Products Business of BGI (2003-2007).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2010); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).

1 Robert S. Kapito is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc.
2 Michael Latham is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates.
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Independent Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert H. Silver
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2007); Independent Chairman
(since 2012).
  President and Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group, Inc. (since 2006); Director and Vice Chairman of the YMCA of Greater NYC (2001-2011); Broadway Producer (2006-2011); Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. (since 2008); Director and Member of the Audit and Compensation Committee of EPAM Systems, Inc. (2006-2009); President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.) (2003-2005) and various executive positions with UBS and its affiliates (1988-2005); CPA and Audit Manager of KPMG, LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) (1977-1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2007); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Independent Chairman of iShares, Inc., iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2012).
George G.C. Parker
(74)
  Trustee
(since 2000).
  Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (Professor since 1973; Emeritus since 2006).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2002); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Tejon Ranch Company (since 1999); Director of Threshold Pharmaceuticals (since 2004); Director of Colony Financial, Inc. (since 2009); Director of First Republic Bank (since 2010).
John E. Martinez
(52)
  Trustee
(since 2003);
Securities Lending Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.) (since 2005).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2003); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Cecilia H. Herbert
(64)
  Trustee
(since 2005); Nominating and Governance Committee Chair and Equity Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director (since 1998) and President (2007-2011) of the Board of Directors, Catholic Charities CYO; Trustee (2002-2011) and Chair of the Finance and Investment Committee (2006-2010) the Thacher School; Member (since 1994) and Chair (1994-2005) of the Investment Committee, Archdiocese of San Francisco; Trustee and Member of the Investment Committee, WNET, the New York public broadcasting company (since 2011).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Forward Funds (34 portfolios) (since 2009).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Charles A. Hurty
(70)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Audit Committee Chair
(since 2006).
  Retired; Partner, KPMG LLP (1968-2001).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund (1 portfolio) (since 2002); Director of SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (2 portfolios) (since 2002).
John E. Kerrigan
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Fixed Income Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University (since 2002).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Madhav V. Rajan
(49)
  Trustee
(since 2011);
15(c) Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting and Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Head of MBA Program, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (since 2001); Professor of Law (by courtesy), Stanford Law School (since 2005); Visiting Professor, University of Chicago (2007-2008).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2011);
Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2011); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Officers
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Jack Gee
(54)
  Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(since 2008).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Senior Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2009); Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2004-2009).
Eilleen M. Clavere
(61)
  Secretary
(since 2007).
  Director of Global Fund Administration, BlackRock (since 2009); Director of Legal Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2006-2009); Legal Counsel and Vice President of Atlas Funds, Atlas Advisers, Inc. and Atlas Securities, Inc. (2005-2006); Counsel at Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP (2001-2005).
Edward B. Baer
(45)
  Vice President and Chief Legal Officer
(since 2012).
  Managing Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (since 2006); Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (2004-2006).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Scott Radell
(45)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2012).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BGI (2007-2009); Credit Portfolio Manager, BGI (2005-2007); Credit Research Analyst, BGI (2003-2005).
Amy Schioldager
(51)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2007).
  Senior Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Global Head of Index Equity, BGI (2008-2009); Global Head of U.S. Indexing, BGI (2006-2008); Head of Domestic Equity Portfolio Management, BGI (2001-2006).
Ira P. Shapiro
(50)
  Vice President
(since 2007).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Strategic Product Initiatives for iShares (since 2012); Chief Legal Officer, Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (2007-2012); Associate General Counsel, BGI (2004-2009).
The Board has concluded that, based on each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, each Trustee should serve as a Trustee of the Board. Among the attributes common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Funds' investment adviser, other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. A Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively may have been attained through the Trustee’s educational background or professional training; business, consulting, public service or academic positions; experience from service as a Board member of the Funds and the other funds in the Trust (and any predecessor funds), other investment funds, public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. Also, set forth below is a brief discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Trustee that led the Board to conclude that he or she should serve as a Trustee.
Robert Kapito has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2009. Mr. Kapito has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2009, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and a Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2006. In addition, he has over 20 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Mr. Kapito serves as President and Director of BlackRock, Inc., and is the Chairman of the Operating Committee, a member of the Office of the Chairman, the Leadership Committee and the Corporate Council. He is responsible for day-to-day oversight of BlackRock's key operating units, including the Account Management and Portfolio Management Groups, Real Estate Group and BlackRock Solutions®. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in 2007, Mr. Kapito served as Head of BlackRock's Portfolio Management Group. In that role, he was responsible for overseeing all portfolio management within BlackRock, including the Fixed Income, Equity, Liquidity, and Alternative Investment Groups. Mr. Kapito serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. He has also been President of the Board of Directors for the Hope & Heroes Children's Cancer Fund since 2002 and President of the Board of Directors for Periwinkle Theatre for Youth, a national non-profit arts-in-education organization, since 1983. Mr. Kapito earned a BS degree in economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979, and an MBA degree from Harvard Business School in 1983.
Michael Latham has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2010 and President of the Trust since 2007. Mr. Latham served as Principal Financial Officer of the Trust from 2002 until 2007. Mr. Latham has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2010, President of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Principal Financial Officer of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2007, a Director and President of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, and a Trustee and President of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. Mr.
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Latham is the Chairman of BlackRock’s iShares exchange-traded fund business. In addition, he has over 15 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in September 2011, he was the global head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business. Prior to April 2009, he was head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business for the United States and Canada, and Chief Operating Officer for the U.S. iShares business. He previously held a variety of operating positions within the firm. Mr. Latham earned a BS degree in business administration from California State University at San Francisco in 1988.
Robert H. Silver has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2007 and Chairman of the Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Chairman of iShares, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chairman of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chairman of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver is President and a Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group Inc., a firm dedicated to advising and investing in emerging business enterprises and to supporting philanthropic activities that benefit under-served urban youth. Previously, Mr. Silver served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.), the registered broker dealer comprising the Wealth Management USA business unit of UBS AG, including the following responsibilities: President of Paine Webber Services, Director of Retail Products and Marketing, Director of Private Client Group Branch Offices, Director of Finance and Controls for Paine Webber, Inc. and Chief Administrative Officer for Paine Webber Private Client Group. Mr. Silver also served on the Board of Directors of EPAM Systems, Inc., a provider of software engineering outsourcing services in Central and Eastern Europe, served on the Board and Executive Committee of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), chaired the National Securities Clearing Corporations’ Membership and Risk Committee and served as Governor of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. In addition, Mr. Silver was a Vice Chairman and a Member of the Board of Directors for the YMCA of Greater New York and chaired its Fund Development Committee from 2001 until 2011 and Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. since 2008. Mr. Silver began his career as a CPA and Audit Manager at KPMG LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) from 1977 until 1983. Mr. Silver has a BS degree in business administration from the University of North Carolina.
George G.C. Parker has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2000. Mr. Parker served as Chair of the Trust's Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Trustee of the Trust from 2006 until 2010 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2002 until 2010. Mr. Parker has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2002, Chair of iShares, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Director of iShares, Inc. from 2006 until 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2010, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Parker also serves as Director on four other boards. Mr. Parker is the Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He teaches courses in Corporate Finance in the MBA Program, Stanford Sloan Program for Executives, and in various other Executive Education Programs at Stanford University. Mr. Parker's teaching and research interests are primarily in the field of corporate finance, management of financial institutions, and corporate governance, and he has written numerous case studies related to these subjects. He has also authored several articles on capital structure, risk management, and corporate valuation. Mr. Parker previously served as a Director of Continental Airlines and a Director of NETGEAR, Inc. Mr. Parker holds MBA and Ph.D. degrees from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.
John E. Martinez has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2003 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2003, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez is a Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.), providing governance oversight and consulting services to this privately held firm that develops products and strategies for homeowners in managing the equity in their homes. Mr. Martinez previously served as Director of Barclays Global Investors (BGI) UK Holdings, where he provided governance oversight representing BGI’s shareholders (Barclays PLC, BGI management shareholders) through oversight of BGI’s worldwide activities. Mr. Martinez also previously served as Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Global Index and Markets Group of BGI, Chairman of Barclays Global Investor Services and Chief Executive Officer of the Capital Markets Group of BGI. Since 2003, he is a Director and Executive Committee Member for Larkin Street Youth Services, providing governance oversight and strategy development to an agency that provides emergency and transitional housing, healthcare, education, job and life skills training to homeless youth. Mr. Martinez has an AB degree in economics from The University of California, Berkeley and holds an MBA degree in finance and statistics from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
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Cecilia H. Herbert has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Ms. Herbert has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. She is Director of the Board of the Catholic Charities CYO, one of the Bay Area’s largest private social services organizations serving the homeless, poor, aged, families, children and AIDS/HIV victims, on which she has served since 1998. Ms. Herbert is a member of the Investment Committee of the Archdiocese of San Francisco since 1992, which she chaired from 1994 to 2005. She has served on numerous non-profit boards. Ms. Herbert is also a Director and Advisory Board Member since 2009 of the Forward Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as a Trustee for the Pacific Select Funds and The Montgomery Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as Managing Director of J.P. Morgan/Morgan Guaranty Trust Company responsible for product development, marketing and credit for U.S. multinational corporations and as head of its San Francisco office and as Assistant Vice President, Signet Banking Corporation. Ms. Herbert has a BA degree in economics and communications from Stanford University and an MBA degree in finance from Harvard Business School.
Charles A. Hurty has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Trust since 2006. Mr. Hurty has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2006, a Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010 and a Trustee and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. In addition, Mr. Hurty serves as Director of the GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund since 2002, Director of the SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (formerly, Citigroup Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC) since 2002 and was a Director of the CSFB Alternative Investment Funds from 2005 to December 2009, when the funds were liquidated. Mr. Hurty was formerly a Partner at KPMG, LLP from 1968 to 2001. Mr. Hurty has a BS degree in accounting from the University of Kansas.
John E. Kerrigan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Kerrigan served as Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2010 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan serves as Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University since 2002. Mr. Kerrigan was formerly a Managing Director at Merrill Lynch & Co., including the following responsibilities: Global Manager of Institutional Client Division eCommerce, Global Manager of Technology Specialists Sales and Chair, Performance Measurement, Evaluation & Compensation Task Force. Mr. Kerrigan is a Trustee, since 2008, of Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton, CA, and Director, since 1999, of The BASIC Fund (Bay Area Scholarships for Inner City Children). Mr. Kerrigan has a BA degree from Boston College and is a Chartered Financial Analyst Charterholder.
Madhav V. Rajan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan is the Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He has taught accounting for over 20 years to undergraduate, MBA and law students, as well as to senior executives. Mr. Rajan serves as the Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and head of the MBA Program at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Rajan served as editor of “The Accounting Review” from 2002 to 2008 and is co-author of “Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis,” a leading cost accounting textbook. Mr. Rajan holds MS, MBA and Ph.D. degrees in accounting from Carnegie Mellon University.
Board – Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities
Overall responsibility for oversight of the Funds rests with the Board. The Board has engaged BFA to manage the Funds on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing BFA and other service providers in the operations of the Funds in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The
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Board is currently composed of nine members, seven of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board currently conducts regular meetings five times a year. In addition, the Board frequently holds special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees meet regularly outside the presence of management, in executive session or with other service providers to the Trust.
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board has established six standing Committees: a Nominating and Governance Committee, an Audit Committee, a 15(c) Committee, a Securities Lending Committee, an Equity Plus Committee and a Fixed Income Plus Committee to assist the Board in the oversight and direction of the business and affairs of the Funds, and from time to time may establish ad-hoc committees or informal working groups to review and address the policies and practices of the Funds with respect to certain specified matters. The Chair of each standing Committee is an Independent Trustee. The role of the Chair of each Committee is to preside at all meetings of the Committee and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys and other Trustees between meetings. Each Committee meets regularly to conduct the oversight functions delegated to the Committee by the Board and reports its finding to the Board. The Board and each standing Committee conduct annual assessments of their oversight function and structure. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise independent judgment over management and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees of Independent Trustees and the full Board to enhance effective oversight.
Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Funds is the responsibility of BFA or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to the supervision of BFA. Each Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational, counterparty and valuation risks, among others. While there are a number of risk management functions performed by BFA and other service providers, as applicable, it is not possible to eliminate all of the risks applicable to the Funds. The Trustees have an oversight role in this area, satisfying themselves that risk management processes and controls are in place and operating effectively. Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of each Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. The Board, directly or through a committee, also reviews reports from, among others, management and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by each Fund and management’s risk functions. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Trust's compliance program, including assessments by independent third parties, and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Trust and its principal service providers. In testing and maintaining the compliance program, the Chief Compliance Officer (and his or her delegates) assesses key compliance risks affecting each Fund, and addresses them in periodic reports to the Board. The Independent Trustees have engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.
Committees of the Board of Trustees. Each Independent Trustee serves on the Audit Committee. The Chair of the Audit Committee is Charles A. Hurty. The purposes of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board (i) in its oversight of the Trust's accounting and financial reporting principles and policies and related controls and procedures maintained by or on behalf of the Trust; (ii) in its oversight of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (iii) in selecting, evaluating and, where deemed appropriate, replacing the independent accountants (or nominating the independent accountants to be proposed for shareholder approval in any proxy statement); (iv) in evaluating the independence of the independent accountants; (v) in complying with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust's accounting and financial reporting, internal controls, compliance controls and independent audits; and (vi) to assume such other responsibilities as may be delegated by the Board. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), Charles A. Hurty, Madhav V. Rajan and John E. Kerrigan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The Nominating and Governance Committee nominates individuals for Independent Trustee membership on the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee functions include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) reviewing the qualifications of any person properly identified or nominated to serve as an Independent Trustee; (ii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the nominee(s) for appointment as an Independent Trustee by the Board and current Independent Trustees and/or for election as Independent Trustees by shareholders to fill any vacancy for a position of Independent Trustee(s) on the Board; (iii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the size and composition of the Board and Board committees and whether they comply with applicable laws and regulations; (iv) recommending a current Independent Trustee to the Board and current Independent Trustees to serve as Lead Independent Trustee; (v) periodic review of the Board's retirement policy; and (vi)
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recommending an appropriate level of compensation for the Independent Trustees for their services as Trustees, members or chairpersons of committees of the Board, Lead Independent Trustee, Chairperson of the Board and any other positions as the Nominating and Governance Committee considers appropriate. The Nominating and Governance Committee does not consider Board nominations recommended by shareholders (acting solely in their capacity as a shareholder and not in any other capacity). The Nominating and Governance Committee met one time during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The members of the 15(c) Committee are Madhav V. Rajan (Chair), Cecilia H. Herbert, Charles A. Hurty and John E. Martinez, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the 15(c) Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for the annual review and renewal of the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements. These responsibilities include: (i) meeting with BlackRock, Inc. in advance of the Board meeting at which the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements are to be considered to discuss generally the process for providing requested information to the Board and the format in which information will be provided; and (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to evaluate the investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements of the Trust. The 15(c) Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The members of the Securities Lending Committee are John E. Martinez (Chair), John E. Kerrigan and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Securities Lending Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of the Trust's securities lending activities. These responsibilities include: (i) requesting that certain information be provided to the Committee for its review and consideration prior to such information being provided to the Board; (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to oversee the Trust's securities lending activities and make required findings and approvals; and (iii) providing a recommendation to the Board regarding the annual approval of the Trust's Securities Lending Guidelines and the required findings with respect to, and annual approval of, the Trust's agreement with the lending agent. The Securities Lending Committee met six times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The members of the Equity Plus Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), John E. Martinez and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Equity Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for equity funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Equity Plus Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The members of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are John E. Kerrigan (Chair), Charles A. Hurty and Madhav V. Rajan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for fixed income or multi-asset funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Fixed Income Plus Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
As the Chairman of the Board, Robert H. Silver may participate in each Committee's meetings.
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2012, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Funds and in other registered investment companies overseen by the Trustee within the same family of investment companies as the Trust. If a fund is not listed below, the Trustee did not own any securities in that fund as of the date indicated above:
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Robert S. Kapito   None   None   None
             
Michael Latham   iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Micro-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Robert H. Silver   iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI BRIC ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
             
George G.C. Parker   iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares S&P 100 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
John E. Martinez   iShares TIPS Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Cecilia H. Herbert   iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares International Select Dividend ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares China Large-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
             
Charles A. Hurty   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Financials ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Technology ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares China Large-Cap ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Tech ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   $1-$10,000    
             
John E. Kerrigan   iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   $10,001-$50,000
  $50,001-$100,000
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000
   
             
Madhav V. Rajan   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
As of December 31, 2012, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of BFA (the Funds' investment adviser), the Distributor or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with BFA or the Distributor.
Remuneration of Trustees.  Each current Independent Trustee is paid an annual retainer of $275,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board's policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the period from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2012, each current Independent Trustee was paid an annual retainer of $250,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board’s policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. The Independent Chairman of the Boards is paid an additional annual retainer of $50,000. The Chair of the Audit Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $40,000. The Chair of each of the Nominating and Governance Committees, Equity Plus Committees, Fixed Income Plus Committees, Securities Lending Committees and 15(c) Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $15,000. Each Independent Trustee that serves as a director of subsidiaries of the Exchange-Traded Complex is paid an additional annual retainer of $10,000 (plus an additional $1,765 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius in connection with such Trustee’s service on the boards of
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certain Mauritius-based subsidiaries). Additionally, any Independent Trustee who travels to the Republic of Mauritius to attend board meetings is paid an additional $12,000 (plus an additional $2,117 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius in connection with such Trustee’s service on the boards of certain Mauritius-based subsidiaries).
The table below sets forth the compensation earned by each Independent Trustee and Interested Trustee from each Fund for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013 and the aggregate compensation paid to them by the Exchange-Traded Complex for the calendar year ended December 31, 2012.
Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI
All Peru Capped ETF
  iShares MSCI
Australia Small-Cap ETF
  iShares MSCI
Canada Small-Cap ETF
  iShares MSCI
Denmark Capped ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 161   $ 1   $ 1   $5
George G.C. Parker   144   1   1   4
John E. Kerrigan   141   1   1   4
Charles A. Hurty   161   1   1   5
Cecilia H. Herbert   145   1   1   4
John E. Martinez   139   1   1   4
Madhav V. Rajan   139   1   1   4
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $0   $0   $0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI
Finland Capped ETF
  iShares MSCI
Germany Small-Cap ETF
  iShares MSCI
Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF
  iShares MSCI
Indonesia ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $5   $5   $3   $200
George G.C. Parker   4   5   3   179
John E. Kerrigan   4   5   3   175
Charles A. Hurty   5   5   3   200
Cecilia H. Herbert   4   5   3   180
John E. Martinez   4   5   3   172
Madhav V. Rajan   4   5   3   172
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $0   $0   $0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI
Ireland Capped ETF
  iShares MSCI
New Zealand Capped ETF
  iShares MSCI
Norway Capped ETF
  iShares MSCI
Philippines ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 43   $ 74   $6   $ 142
George G.C. Parker   39   67   5   128
John E. Kerrigan   38   65   5   125
Charles A. Hurty   43   74   6   142
Cecilia H. Herbert   39   67   5   128
John E. Martinez   37   64   5   123
Madhav V. Rajan   37   64   5   123
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Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI
Ireland Capped ETF
  iShares MSCI
New Zealand Capped ETF
  iShares MSCI
Norway Capped ETF
  iShares MSCI
Philippines ETF
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $0   $0   $0   $0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI
Poland Capped ETF
  iShares MSCI
Singapore Small-Cap ETF
  iShares MSCI
United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   $ 150   $ 13   $4
George G.C. Parker   135   12   3
John E. Kerrigan   131   11   3
Charles A. Hurty   150   13   4
Cecilia H. Herbert   135   12   3
John E. Martinez   129   11   3
Madhav V. Rajan   129   11   3
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $0
Michael Latham   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Accrued As
Part of Trust
Expenses1
  Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement1
  Total
Compensation
From the Funds
and Fund Complex2
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 289,835
George G.C. Parker   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   260,165
John E. Kerrigan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   265,510
Charles A. Hurty   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   290,000
Cecilia H. Herbert   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   273,010
John E. Martinez   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   261,760
Madhav V. Rajan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   250,000
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 0
Michael Latham   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   0

1 No Trustee or officer is entitled to any pension or retirement benefits from the Trust.
2 Includes compensation for service on the Board of Trustees of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and the Boards of Directors of iShares, Inc. and iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust collectively owned less than 1% of each Fund's outstanding shares as of November 29, 2013.
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Although the Trust does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participants (as defined below), as of November 29, 2013, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund were as follows:
Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  26.93%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.15%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  8.61%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  5.76%
    Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  5.62%
    BNP Paribas, New York Branch/Custody Services
525 Washington BLVD.
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  5.57%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  5.22%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
2178 AXP Financial Center
Minneapolis, MN 55474
  5.21%
         
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  21.89%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.29%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.86%
    E*Trade Clearing LLC
10911 White Rock Road
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
  7.54%
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Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
    Scottrade, Inc.
12855 Flushing Meadow Dr.
St. Louis, MO 63131
  6.32%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.16%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.75%
         
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  21.38%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  15.01%
    VANGUARD Marketing Corporation
100 Vanguard Boulevard
Malvern, PA 19355
  10.46%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.54%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  6.47%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.59%
    E*Trade Clearing LLC
10911 White Rock Road
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
  5.02%
         
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF   DWM Securities Inc./CDS
1 Adelaide Street East
Suite 2700
Toronto, ON M5C 2V9
  12.85%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harborside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  10.47%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  10.09%
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Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
    CIBC World Markets Inc./CDS
161 Bay Street
10th Floor
Toronto
ON Ontario
M5J 258 CA
  9.80%
    Natixis Securities Americas LLC
1345 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10105
  8.18%
    SG Americas Securities, LLC
480 Washington Boulevard
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.34%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.25%
         
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF   SG Americas Securities, LLC
480 Washington Boulevard
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  47.33%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.34%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  5.54%
         
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  29.35%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harborside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  11.02%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.49%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.18%
    Southwest Securities, Inc.
1201 Elm Street
35th Floor
Dallas, TX 75270
  7.08%
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Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  6.21%
         
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF   RBC Capital Markets Corporation
One Liberty Plaza
New York, NY 10006-1446
  13.60%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.56%
    SG Americas Securities, LLC
480 Washington Boulevard
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.50%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  9.28%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.15%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  7.32%
    Mellon Trust of New England, National Association
Three Mellon Bank Center
Floor 1533700
Pittsburgh, PA 15259
  6.82%
         
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  18.56%
    Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  15.61%
    Northern Trust Company/United Nations
Joint Staff Pension Funds
50 South LaSalle St.
Chicago, IL 60675
  9.86%
    Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  9.22%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  7.23%
         
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Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF   The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  12.62%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.52%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.12%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.96%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harborside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.81%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.53%
    Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  6.41%
    CIBC World Markets Inc./CDS
161 Bay Street
10th Floor
Toronto
ON Ontario
M5J 258 CA
  5.23%
         
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF   First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  35.29%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.10%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harborside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.13%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  5.99%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  5.28%
         
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.11%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.67%
    SG Americas Securities, LLC
480 Washington Boulevard
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.20%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.07%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  7.69%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harborside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.80%
    Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  5.34%
         
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  15.49%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  9.81%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  8.25%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.92%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  7.84%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.49%
    BNP Paribas, New York Branch/Custody Services
525 Washington BLVD.
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.18%
         
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF   Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  15.09%
    Bank of America, National Association
411 N. Akard Street
5th Floor
Dallas, TX 75201
  14.51%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.39%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  5.66%
    Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  5.63%
    BNP Paribas, New York Branch/Custody Services
525 Washington BLVD.
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  5.09%
         
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  23.77%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  14.32%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  9.66%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  8.71%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  5.86%
         
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  21.56%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harborside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  10.27%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  9.21%
    Southwest Securities, Inc.
1201 Elm Street
35th Floor
Dallas, TX 75270
  8.71%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  8.37%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  6.86%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.24%
Potential Conflicts of Interest.  The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (“PNC”) has a significant economic interest in BlackRock, Inc., the parent of BFA, the Funds' investment adviser. PNC is considered to be an affiliate of BlackRock, Inc., under the 1940 Act. Certain activities of BFA, BlackRock, Inc. and their affiliates (collectively, “BlackRock”) and PNC and its affiliates (collectively, “PNC” and together with BlackRock, “Affiliates”), with respect to the Funds and/or other accounts managed by BlackRock or PNC, may give rise to actual or perceived conflicts of interest such as those described below.
BlackRock is one of the world's largest asset management firms. PNC is a diversified financial services organization spanning the retail, business and corporate markets. BlackRock and PNC are affiliates of one another under the 1940 Act. BlackRock and PNC and their respective affiliates (including, for these purposes, their directors, partners, trustees, managing members, officers and employees), including the entities and personnel who may be involved in the investment activities and business operations of a Fund, are engaged worldwide in businesses, including equity, fixed-income, cash management and alternative investments. These are considerations of which investors in a Fund should be aware, and which may cause conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Fund and its shareholders. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments that may be purchased or sold by a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates have proprietary interests in, and may manage or advise with respect to, accounts or funds (including separate accounts and other funds and collective investment vehicles) that have investment objectives similar to those of a Fund and/or that engage in transactions in the same types of securities, currencies and instruments as the Fund. One or more Affiliates are also major participants in the global currency, equities, swap and fixed-income markets, in each case both on a proprietary basis and for the accounts of customers. As such, one or more Affiliates are or may be actively engaged in transactions in the same securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests. Such activities could affect the prices and availability of the securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests, which could have an adverse impact on the Fund's performance. Such transactions, particularly in respect of most proprietary accounts or customer accounts, will be executed independently of a Fund's transactions and thus at prices or rates that may be more or
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less favorable than those obtained by the Fund. When BlackRock and its Affiliates purchase or sell the same assets for their managed accounts, including a Fund, the assets actually purchased or sold may be allocated among the accounts on a basis determined in their good faith discretion to be equitable. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the size or price of the assets purchased or sold for a Fund. In addition, transactions in investments by one or more other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of a Fund, particularly, but not limited to, with respect to small capitalization, emerging market or less liquid strategies. This may occur when investment decisions regarding a Fund are based on research or other information that is also used to support decisions for other accounts. When BlackRock or its Affiliates implements a portfolio decision or strategy on behalf of another account ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar decisions or strategies for a Fund, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other factors could result in the Fund receiving less favorable trading results and the costs of implementing such decisions or strategies could be increased or the Fund could otherwise be disadvantaged. BlackRock or its Affiliates may, in certain cases, elect to implement internal policies and procedures designed to limit such consequences, which may cause a Fund to be unable to engage in certain activities, including purchasing or disposing of securities, when it might otherwise be desirable for it to do so.
Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding a Fund may benefit other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by a Fund may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by a Fund may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts.
In certain circumstances, BFA, on behalf of a Fund, may seek to buy from or sell securities to another fund or account advised by BFA or an affiliate. BFA may (but is not required to) effect purchases and sales between BFA clients or clients of affiliates (“cross trades”), including a Fund, if BFA believes such transactions are appropriate based on each party's investment objectives and guidelines, subject to applicable law and regulation. There may be potential conflicts of interest or regulatory issues relating to these transactions which could limit BFA’s decision to engage in these transactions for the Fund. BFA may have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities to the parties in such transactions. Where a Fund participates in a cross trade, BFA will comply with procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 17a-7 under the Investment Company Act and applicable SEC guidance.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which a Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of a Fund's investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of BlackRock or its Affiliates or their clients, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
The results of a Fund's investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by BlackRock and its Affiliates for their proprietary accounts or other accounts (including investment companies or collective investment vehicles) managed or advised by them. It is possible that one or more Affiliate-managed accounts and such other accounts will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by a Fund. Moreover, it is possible that a Fund will sustain losses during periods in which one or more Affiliate-managed accounts achieve significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. The opposite result is also possible. The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and accounts under their management may also limit the investment opportunities for a Fund in certain emerging and other markets in which limitations are imposed upon the amount of investment, in the aggregate or in individual issuers, by affiliated foreign investors.
From time to time, a Fund's activities may also be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to one or more Affiliates, and/or their internal policies designed to comply with such restrictions. As a result, there may be periods, for example, when BlackRock, and/or one or more Affiliates, will not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions in certain securities or instruments with respect to which BlackRock and/or one or more Affiliates are performing services or when position limits have been reached.
In connection with its management of a Fund, BlackRock may have access to certain fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models developed by one or more Affiliates. BlackRock will not be under any obligation, however, to effect transactions on behalf of a Fund in accordance with such analysis and models. In addition, neither BlackRock nor any of its Affiliates will have any obligation to make available any information regarding their proprietary activities or strategies, or the
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activities or strategies used for other accounts managed by them, for the benefit of the management of a Fund and it is not anticipated that BlackRock will have access to such information for the purpose of managing the Fund. The proprietary activities or portfolio strategies of BlackRock and its Affiliates, or the activities or strategies used for accounts managed by them or other customer accounts could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by BlackRock in managing a Fund.
A Fund may be included in investment models developed by BFA and its affiliates for use by clients and financial advisers. The price, availability and liquidity of a Fund may be impacted by purchases and redemptions of a Fund by model-driven investment portfolios.
In addition, certain principals and certain employees of BlackRock are also principals or employees of Affiliates. As a result, the performance by these principals and employees of their obligations to such other entities may be a consideration of which investors in a Fund should be aware.
BlackRock may enter into transactions and invest in securities, instruments and currencies on behalf of a Fund in which customers of BlackRock or its Affiliates, or, to the extent permitted by the SEC, BlackRock or another Affiliate, serves as the counterparty, principal or issuer. In such cases, such party's interests in the transaction will be adverse to the interests of the Fund, and such party may have no incentive to assure that the Fund obtains the best possible prices or terms in connection with the transactions. In addition, the purchase, holding and sale of such investments by a Fund may enhance the profitability of BlackRock or its Affiliates. One or more Affiliates may also create, write or issue derivatives for their customers, the underlying securities, currencies or instruments of which may be those in which a Fund invests or which may be based on the performance of the Fund. A Fund may, subject to applicable law, purchase investments that are the subject of an underwriting or other distribution by one or more Affiliates and may also enter into transactions with other clients of an Affiliate where such other clients have interests adverse to those of the Fund.
At times, these activities may cause departments of BlackRock or its Affiliates to give advice to clients that may cause these clients to take actions adverse to the interests of the Fund. To the extent affiliated transactions are permitted, a Fund will deal with BlackRock and its Affiliates on an arms-length basis. BlackRock or its Affiliates may also have an ownership interest in certain trading or information systems used by a Fund. A Fund's use of such trading or information systems may enhance the profitability of BlackRock and its Affiliates.
One or more Affiliates may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or adviser or in other commercial capacities for a Fund. It is anticipated that the commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs, financial advisory fees, underwriting and placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, other fees, compensation or profits, rates, terms and conditions charged by an Affiliate will be in its view commercially reasonable, although each Affiliate, including its sales personnel, will have an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts that are favorable to the Affiliate and such sales personnel.
Subject to applicable law, the Affiliates (and their personnel and other distributors) will be entitled to retain fees and other amounts that they receive in connection with their service to the Funds as broker, dealer, agent, lender, adviser or in other commercial capacities and no accounting to the Funds or their respective shareholders will be required, and no fees or other compensation payable by the Funds or their respective shareholders will be reduced by reason of receipt by an Affiliate of any such fees or other amounts.
When an Affiliate acts as broker, dealer, agent, adviser or in other commercial capacities in relation to the Funds, the Affiliate may take commercial steps in its own interests, which may have an adverse effect on the Funds. A Fund will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on the Fund's own credit standing. Neither BlackRock nor any of the Affiliates will have any obligation to allow their credit to be used in connection with a Fund's establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that the Fund's counterparties will rely on the credit of BlackRock or any of the Affiliates in evaluating the Fund's creditworthiness.
Lending on behalf of a Fund is done by BTC pursuant to SEC exemptive relief, enabling BTC to act as securities lending agent to, and receive a share of securities lending revenues from, a Fund. BFA may also receive compensation for managing the reinvestment of the cash collateral from securities lending. There is a potential conflict of interest in that BTC as a lending agent may have an incentive to increase the amount of securities on loan or to lend riskier assets in order to generate additional revenue for BTC and its affiliates. However, BTC’s SEC exemptive relief sets forth certain conditions designed to assist in mitigating such conflicts of interest.
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Purchases and sales of securities for a Fund may be bunched or aggregated with orders for other BlackRock client accounts. BlackRock, however, is not required to bunch or aggregate orders if portfolio management decisions for different accounts are made separately, or if it determines that bunching or aggregating is not practicable or required, or in cases involving client direction.
Prevailing trading activity frequently may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Funds will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Funds. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Funds will not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.
BlackRock may select brokers (including, without limitation, Affiliates) that furnish BlackRock, the Funds, other BlackRock client accounts or other Affiliates or personnel, directly or through correspondent relationships, with research or other appropriate services which provide, in BlackRock's view, appropriate assistance to BlackRock in the investment decision-making process (including with respect to futures, fixed-price offerings and over-the-counter transactions). Such research or other services may include, to the extent permitted by law, research reports on companies, industries and securities; economic and financial data; financial publications; proxy analysis; trade industry seminars; computer data bases; research-oriented software and other services and products. Research or other services obtained in this manner may be used in servicing any or all of the Funds and other BlackRock client accounts, including in connection with BlackRock client accounts other than those that pay commissions to the broker relating to the research or other service arrangements. Such products and services may disproportionately benefit other BlackRock client accounts relative to the Funds based on the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds and such other BlackRock client accounts. For example, research or other services that are paid for through one client's commissions may not be used in managing that client's account. In addition, other BlackRock client accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products and services that may be provided to the Funds and to such other BlackRock client accounts. To the extent that BlackRock uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products and services itself.
BlackRock may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. To the extent that BlackRock receives research on this basis, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist. For example, the research effectively will be paid by client commissions that also will be used to pay for the execution, clearing, and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by BlackRock.
BlackRock may endeavor to execute trades through brokers who, pursuant to such arrangements, provide research or other services in order to ensure the continued receipt of research or other services BlackRock believes are useful in its investment decision-making process. BlackRock may from time to time choose not to engage in the above described arrangements to varying degrees. BlackRock may also enter into commission sharing arrangements under which BlackRock may execute transactions through a broker-dealer, including, where permitted, an Affiliate, and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to BlackRock. To the extent that BlackRock engages in commission sharing arrangements, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist.
BlackRock may utilize certain electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) in executing client securities transactions for certain types of securities. These ECNs may charge fees for their services, including access fees and transaction fees. The transaction fees, which are similar to commissions or mark-ups/mark-downs, will generally be charged to clients and, like commissions and mark-ups/mark-downs, would generally be included in the cost of the securities purchased. Access fees may be paid by BlackRock even though incurred in connection with executing transactions on behalf of clients, including the Funds. In certain circumstances, ECNs may offer volume discounts that will reduce the access fees typically paid by BlackRock. BlackRock will only utilize ECNs consistent with its obligation to seek to obtain best execution in client transactions.
BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Funds, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with BlackRock's fiduciary obligations to its clients. Nevertheless, notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of BlackRock may have the effect of favoring the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of BlackRock and/or its Affiliates, provided that BlackRock believes such voting
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decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the Proxy Voting Policy section of this SAI.
It is also possible that, from time to time, BlackRock or its Affiliates may, although they are not required to, purchase and hold shares of a Fund. Increasing a Fund's assets may enhance liquidity, investment flexibility and diversification and may contribute to economies of scale that tend to reduce the Fund's expense ratio. BlackRock and its Affiliates reserve the right to sell or redeem at any time some or all of the shares of a Fund acquired for their own accounts. A large sale or redemption of shares of a Fund by BlackRock or its Affiliates could significantly reduce the asset size of the Fund, which might have an adverse effect on the Fund's liquidity, investment flexibility, portfolio diversification and expense ratio. BlackRock will consider the effect of redemptions on a Fund and other shareholders in deciding whether to redeem its shares.
It is possible that a Fund may invest in securities of companies with which an Affiliate has or is trying to develop investment banking relationships as well as securities of entities in which BlackRock or its Affiliates has significant debt or equity investments or in which an Affiliate makes a market. A Fund also may invest in securities of companies to which an Affiliate provides or may someday provide research coverage. Such investments could cause conflicts between the interests of a Fund and the interests of other clients of BlackRock or its Affiliates. In making investment decisions for a Fund, BlackRock is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information acquired by any division, department or Affiliate of BlackRock in the course of these activities. In addition, from time to time, the activities of an Affiliate may limit a Fund's flexibility in purchases and sales of securities. When an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of an entity, BlackRock may be prohibited from purchasing or recommending the purchase of certain securities of that entity for a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates, their personnel and other financial service providers may have interests in promoting sales of the Funds. With respect to BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel, the remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of the Funds or other products may be greater than remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of certain funds or other products that might be provided or offered. BlackRock and its Affiliates and their sales personnel may directly or indirectly receive a portion of the fees and commissions charged to the Funds or their respective shareholders. BlackRock and its advisory or other personnel may also benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. Fees and commissions may also be higher than for other products or services, and the remuneration and profitability to BlackRock or its Affiliates and such personnel resulting from transactions on behalf of or management of the Funds may be greater than the remuneration and profitability resulting from other funds or products.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel may receive greater compensation or greater profit in connection with an account for which BlackRock serves as an adviser than with an account advised by an unaffiliated investment adviser. Differentials in compensation may be related to the fact that BlackRock may pay a portion of its advisory fee to its Affiliate, or relate to compensation arrangements, including for portfolio management, brokerage transactions or account servicing. Any differential in compensation may create a financial incentive on the part of BlackRock or its Affiliates and their personnel to recommend BlackRock over unaffiliated investment advisers or to effect transactions differently in one account over another.
Third parties, including service providers to BFA or a Fund, may sponsor events (including, but not limited to, marketing and promotional activities and presentations, educational training programs and conferences) for registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors. There is a potential conflict of interest as such sponsorships may defray the costs of such activities to BFA, and may provide an incentive to BFA to retain such third parties to provide services to a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may provide valuation assistance to certain clients with respect to certain securities or other investments and the valuation recommendations made for their clients' accounts may differ from the valuations for the same securities or investments assigned by a Fund's pricing vendors, especially if such valuations are based on broker-dealer quotes or other data sources unavailable to the Fund's pricing vendors. While BlackRock will generally communicate its valuation information or determinations to a Fund's pricing vendors and/or fund accountants, there may be instances where the Fund's pricing vendors or fund accountants assign a different valuation to a security or other investment than the valuation for such security or investment determined or recommended by BlackRock.
As disclosed in more detail in the Determination of Net Asset Value section of each Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI, when market valuations are not readily available or such valuations do not reflect current market values, the affected investments will be valued using fair value pricing, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Trust's Board. When determining an asset’s “fair value,” BlackRock seeks to determine the price that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive from the current sale of that asset in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what the Fund
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might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. While fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that BlackRock deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third-party valuation models, fair value represents only a good faith approximation of the value of a security. The fair value of one or more securities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining the Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued by BlackRock (pursuant to Board-adopted procedures) at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders and BlackRock receiving additional revenue.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, a Fund may invest all or some of its short-term cash investments in any money market fund or similarly-managed private fund advised or managed by BlackRock. In connection with any such investments, a Fund, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, may pay its share of expenses of a money market fund in which it invests, which may result in a Fund bearing some additional expenses.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their directors, officers and employees, may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and may have conflicts of interest with respect to investments made on behalf of a Fund. As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by directors, officers, employees and Affiliates of BlackRock that are the same, different from or made at different times than positions taken for the Fund. To lessen the possibility that a Fund will be adversely affected by this personal trading, the Fund, BFA and BlackRock each has adopted a code of ethics in compliance with Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the Fund's portfolio transactions. Each code of ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Each code of ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by e-mail at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-1520.
BlackRock and its Affiliates will not purchase securities or other property from, or sell securities or other property to, a Fund, except that the Fund may in accordance with rules adopted under the 1940 Act engage in transactions with accounts that are affiliated with the Fund as a result of common officers, directors, or investment advisers or pursuant to exemptive orders granted to the Funds and/or BlackRock by the SEC. These transactions would be effected in circumstances in which BlackRock determined that it would be appropriate for a Fund to purchase and another client of BlackRock to sell, or the Fund to sell and another client of BlackRock to purchase, the same security or instrument on the same day. From time to time, the activities of a Fund may be restricted because of regulatory requirements applicable to BlackRock or its Affiliates and/or BlackRock's internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such requirements. A client not advised by BlackRock would not be subject to some of those considerations. There may be periods when BlackRock may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, or may otherwise restrict or limit their advice in certain securities or instruments issued by or related to companies for which an Affiliate is performing investment banking, market making or other services or has proprietary positions. For example, when an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of, or advisory services for, a company, the Funds may be prohibited from or limited in purchasing or selling securities of that company. Similar situations could arise if personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates serve as directors of companies the securities of which the Funds wish to purchase or sell. However, if permitted by applicable law, the Funds may purchase securities or instruments that are issued by such companies or are the subject of an underwriting, distribution, or advisory assignment by an Affiliate, or in cases in which personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates are directors or officers of the issuer.
The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and for client accounts may also limit the investment strategies and rights of the Funds. For example, in certain regulated industries, in certain emerging or international markets, in corporate and regulatory ownership definitions, and in certain futures and derivative transactions, there may be limits on the aggregate amount of investment by affiliated investors that may not be exceeded without the grant of a license or other regulatory or corporate consent or, if exceeded, may cause BlackRock, the Funds or other client accounts to suffer disadvantages or business restrictions.
If certain aggregate ownership thresholds are reached or certain transactions undertaken, the ability of BlackRock on behalf of clients (including the Funds) to purchase or dispose of investments, or exercise rights or undertake business transactions,
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may be restricted by regulation or otherwise impaired. As a result, BlackRock, on behalf of clients (including the Funds), may limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict or limit the exercise of rights (including voting rights) when BlackRock, in its sole discretion, deems it appropriate in light of potential regulatory or other restrictions on ownership or other consequences resulting from reaching investment thresholds.
In those circumstances where ownership thresholds or limitations must be observed, BlackRock seeks to allocate limited investment opportunities equitably among clients (including the Funds), taking into consideration benchmark weight and investment strategy. When ownership in certain securities nears an applicable threshold, BlackRock may limit purchases in such securities to the issuer's weighting in the applicable benchmark used by BlackRock to manage a Fund. If client (including Fund) holdings of an issuer exceed an applicable threshold and BlackRock is unable to obtain relief to enable the continued holding of such investments, it may be necessary to sell down these positions to meet the applicable limitations. In these cases, benchmark overweight positions will be sold prior to benchmark positions being reduced to meet applicable limitations.
In addition to the foregoing, other ownership thresholds may trigger reporting requirements to governmental and regulatory authorities, and such reports may entail the disclosure of the identity of a client or BlackRock’s intended strategy with respect to such security or asset.
To the extent permitted by applicable laws, BlackRock and its Affiliates may maintain securities indexes as part of their product offerings. Index based funds seek to track the performance of securities indexes and may use the name of the index in the fund name. Index providers, including BlackRock and its Affiliates may be paid licensing fees for use of their index or index name. BlackRock and its Affiliates will not be obligated to license their indexes to BlackRock, and BlackRock cannot be assured that the terms of any index licensing agreement with BlackRock and its Affiliates will be as favorable as those terms offered to other index licensees.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may serve as Authorized Participants in the creation and redemption of exchange-traded funds, including funds advised by Affiliates of BlackRock. As described in greater detail in the Creations and Redemptions section of each Prospectus, BlackRock and its Affiliates may therefore be deemed to be participants in a distribution of iShares funds that could render them statutory underwriters.
BlackRock may enter into contractual arrangements with third party service providers to a Fund (e.g., custodians, administrators) pursuant to which BlackRock receives fee discounts or concessions in recognition of BlackRock’s overall relationship with such service providers. To the extent that BlackRock is responsible for paying these service providers out of its management fee, the benefits of any such fee discounts or concessions may accrue, in whole or in part, to BlackRock. BlackRock will disclose any material benefits it receives as a result of such fee discounts or concessions to each Fund’s Board.
Present and future activities of BlackRock and its Affiliates, including BFA, in addition to those described in this section, may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services
Investment Adviser.  BFA serves as investment adviser to each Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, and BFA. BFA is a California corporation indirectly owned by BlackRock, Inc. and is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Under the investment advisory agreement, BFA, subject to the supervision of the Board and in conformity with the stated investment policies of each Fund, manages and administers the Trust and the investment of each Fund’s assets. BFA is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and providing continuous supervision of the investment portfolio of each Fund.
Pursuant to the investment advisory agreement, BFA may, from time to time, in its sole discretion and to the extent permitted by applicable law, appoint one or more sub-advisers, including, without limitation, affiliates of BFA, to perform investment advisory or other services with respect to a Fund. In addition, BFA may delegate certain of its investment advisory functions under the investment advisory agreement to one or more of its affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law. BFA may terminate any or all sub-advisers or such delegation arrangements in its sole discretion upon appropriate notice at any time to the extent permitted by applicable law.
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BFA is responsible, under the investment advisory agreement, for substantially all expenses of the Funds, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. BFA is not responsible for, and the Funds will bear the cost of, interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses and other expenses connected with the execution of portfolio securities transactions, distribution fees and extraordinary expenses.
For its investment advisory services to certain of the Funds included in this SAI, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from such Funds corresponding to each of the Fund's allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the average daily net assets of the following iShares funds: iShares MSCI Australia ETF, iShares MSCI Austria Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Belgium Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Canada ETF, iShares MSCI EMU ETF, iShares MSCI France ETF, iShares MSCI Germany ETF, iShares MSCI Hong Kong ETF, iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Italy Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Japan ETF, iShares MSCI Japan Small-Cap ETF, iShares MSCI Malaysia ETF, iShares MSCI Mexico Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Netherlands ETF, iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Singapore ETF, iShares MSCI Spain Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Sweden ETF, iShares MSCI Switzerland Capped ETF and iShares MSCI United Kingdom ETF. The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows: 0.59% per annum of the aggregate net assets less than or equal to $7.0 billion, plus 0.54% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $7.0 billion, up to and including $11.0 billion, plus 0.49% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $11.0 billion, up to and including $24.0 billion, plus 0.44% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $24.0 billion, up to and including $48.0 billion, plus 0.40% per annum of aggregate net assets in excess of $48.0 billion.
For its investment advisory services to certain of the Funds included in this SAI, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from such Funds corresponding to each of the Fund's allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the following iShares funds: iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Brazil Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF, iShares MSCI Chile Capped ETF, iShares MSCI China ETF, iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF, iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF, iShares MSCI Israel Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Philippines ETF, iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, iShares MSCI South Africa ETF, iShares MSCI South Korea Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Taiwan ETF, iShares MSCI Thailand Capped ETF and iShares MSCI Turkey ETF. The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows: 0.74% per annum of aggregate net assets less than or equal to $2.0 billion, plus 0.69% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $2.0 billion, up to and including $4.0 billion, plus 0.64% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $4.0 billion, up to and including $8.0 billion, plus 0.57% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $8.0 billion, up to and including $16.0 billion, plus 0.51% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $16.0 billion, up to and including $32.0 billion, plus 0.45% per annum of the aggregate net assets in excess of $32.0 billion.
For its investment advisory services to each Fund, BFA received a management fee at the annual rates (as a percentage of such Fund's average net assets) set forth below for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The following table sets forth the management fees paid by each Fund to BFA for the fiscal years noted:
Fund Management
Fee for
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2013
  Fund
Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2011
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF1 0.61%   06/19/09   $ 2,315,561   $2,662,547   $2,860,359
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF 0.59%   01/25/12   7,022   7,753   N/A
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF 0.59%   01/25/12   17,879   16,734   N/A
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF 0.53%   01/25/12   20,537   10,330   N/A
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF 0.53%   01/25/12   19,746   7,629   N/A
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF 0.59%   01/25/12   47,212   9,438   N/A
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF 0.59%   01/10/12   20,323   20,068   N/A
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF 0.61%   05/05/10   2,712,302   1,750,432   1,218,923
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF 0.50%   05/05/10   212,765   36,941   22,744
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF 0.51%   09/01/10   815,826   582,769   428,387
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF 0.53%   01/23/12   53,497   13,588   N/A
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF 0.61%   09/28/10   1,789,844   649,671   188,669
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF 0.61%   05/25/10   1,069,416   747,579   946,187
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF 0.59%   01/10/12   69,166   10,920   N/A
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Fund Management
Fee for
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2013
  Fund
Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2011
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF 0.59%   01/25/12   22,618   9,562   N/A

1 For the iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF, BFA may voluntarily waive a portion of the management fee, as it determines, from time to time. Any such voluntary waiver or reimbursement may be eliminated by BFA at any time. For the fiscal years ended August 31, 2011, August 31, 2012 and August 31, 2013, BFA waived $374,361, $436,745 and $367,181, respectively, of its management fees.
The investment advisory agreement with respect to each Fund continues in effect for two years from its effective date, and thereafter is subject to annual approval by (i) the Board, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the applicable Fund, provided that in either event such continuance also is approved by a majority of the Board members who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the applicable Fund, by a vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The investment advisory agreement with respect to each Fund is terminable without penalty, on 60 days' notice, by the Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act). The investment advisory agreement is also terminable upon 60 days' notice by BFA and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
Portfolio Managers.  As of August 31, 2013, the individuals named as Portfolio Managers in the Funds' Prospectuses were also primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of other iShares funds and certain other types of portfolios and/or accounts as follows:
Christopher Bliss        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   44   $ 73,700,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   166   466,000,000,000
Other Accounts   158   335,000,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   0
    
Matthew Goff        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   2   $ 26,200,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   0
Other Accounts   2   156,300,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   0
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   218   $445,800,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   19   10,000,000,000
Other Accounts   1   49,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   0
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   218   $445,800,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   0
Other Accounts   0   0
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Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   0
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   232   $461,300,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   90   37,360,000,000
Other Accounts   3   206,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   0
Each of the portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management seeks to track the rate of return, risk profile and other characteristics of independent third-party indexes by either replicating the same combination of securities that constitute those indexes or through a representative sampling of the securities that constitute those indexes based on objective criteria and data. Pursuant to BFA’s policy, investment opportunities are allocated equitably among the Funds and other portfolios and accounts. For example, under certain circumstances, an investment opportunity may be restricted due to limited supply in the market, legal constraints or other factors, in which event the investment opportunity will be allocated equitably among those portfolios and accounts, including the Funds seeking such investment opportunity. As a consequence, from time to time each Fund may receive a smaller allocation of an investment opportunity than it would have if the Portfolio Managers and BFA and its affiliates did not manage other portfolios or accounts.
Like the Funds, the other portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management generally pay an asset-based fee to BFA or its affiliates, as applicable, for its advisory services. One or more of those other portfolios or accounts, however, may pay BFA or its affiliates an incentive-based fee in lieu of, or in addition to, an asset-based fee for its advisory services. A portfolio or account with an incentive-based fee would pay BFA or its affiliates a portion of that portfolio’s or account’s gains, or would pay BFA or its affiliates more for its services than would otherwise be the case if BFA or any of its affiliates meets or exceeds specified performance targets. By their nature, incentive-based fee arrangements could present an incentive for BFA or its affiliates to devote greater resources, and allocate more investment opportunities, to the portfolios or accounts that have those fee arrangements, relative to other portfolios or accounts, in order to earn larger fees. Although BFA and each of its affiliates has an obligation to allocate resources and opportunities equitably among portfolios and accounts and intends to do so, shareholders of the Funds should be aware that, as with any group of portfolios and accounts managed by an investment adviser and/or its affiliates pursuant to varying fee arrangements, including incentive-based fee arrangements, there is the potential for a conflict of interest that may result in the Portfolio Managers' favoring those portfolios or accounts with incentive-based fee arrangements.
The tables below show, for each Portfolio Manager, the number of portfolios or accounts of the types set forth in the above tables and the aggregate of total assets in those portfolios or accounts with respect to which the investment management fees are based on the performance of those portfolios or accounts as of August 31, 2013:
Christopher Bliss        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
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Matthew Goff        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
The discussion below describes the Portfolio Managers' compensation as of August 31, 2013.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Overview
BlackRock, Inc.'s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a performance-based discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock, Inc.
Base compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm.
Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, Inc., the performance of the portfolio manager's group within BlackRock, Inc. and the individual's performance and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock, Inc.
Distribution of Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash and BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units which vest ratably over a number of years. The BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units, if properly vested, will be settled in BlackRock, Inc. common stock. Typically, the cash bonus, when combined with base salary, represents more than 60% of total compensation for the portfolio managers. Paying
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a portion of annual bonuses in stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year “at risk” based on BlackRock, Inc.'s ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods.
Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards — From time to time, long-term incentive equity awards are granted to certain key employees to aid in retention, align their interests with long-term shareholder interests and motivate performance. Equity awards are generally granted in the form of BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units that, once vested, settle in BlackRock, Inc. common stock.
Other Compensation Benefits. In addition to base compensation and discretionary incentive compensation, portfolio managers may be eligible to receive or participate in one or more of the following:
Incentive Savings Plans — BlackRock, Inc. has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock, Inc. employees are eligible to participate, including a 401(k) plan, the BlackRock Retirement Savings Plan (“RSP”), and the BlackRock Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The employer contribution components of the RSP include a company match equal to 50% of the first 8% of eligible pay contributed to the plan capped at $5,000 per year, and a company retirement contribution equal to 3-5% of eligible compensation up to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) limit ($255,000 for 2013). The RSP offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies and collective investment funds managed by the firm. BlackRock, Inc. contributions follow the investment direction set by participants for their own contributions or, absent participant investment direction, are invested into an index target date fund that corresponds to, or is closest to, the year in which the participant attains age 65. The ESPP allows for investment in BlackRock, Inc. common stock at a 5% discount on the fair market value of the stock on the purchase date. Annual participation in the ESPP is limited to the purchase of 1,000 shares of common stock or a dollar value of $25,000 based on its fair market value on the Purchase Date. Christopher Bliss, Matthew Goff, Diane Hsiung, Jennifer Hsui and Greg Savage are each eligible to participate in these plans.
As of August 31, 2013, the Portfolio Managers beneficially owned shares of the Funds, for which they are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management, in the amounts reflected in the following tables:
Christopher Bliss                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF X                        
    
Matthew Goff                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF X                        
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Matthew Goff                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF X                        
    
Diane Hsiung                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF X                        
    
Jennifer Hsui                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF X                        
    
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Greg Savage                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF X                        
Codes of Ethics.  The Trust, BFA and the Distributor have adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The codes of ethics permit personnel subject to the codes of ethics to invest in securities, subject to certain limitations, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements.  The Funds are subject to the USA PATRIOT Act (the “Patriot Act”). The Patriot Act is intended to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system in furtherance of money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities. Pursuant to requirements under the Patriot Act, a Fund may request information from Authorized Participants to enable it to form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its Authorized Participants. This information will be used to verify the identity of Authorized Participants or, in some cases, the status of financial professionals; it will be used only for compliance with the requirements of the Patriot Act.
The Funds reserve the right to reject purchase orders from persons who have not submitted information sufficient to allow the Fund to verify their identity. Each Fund also reserves the right to redeem any amounts in a Fund from persons whose identity it is unable to verify on a timely basis. It is the Funds' policy to cooperate fully with appropriate regulators in any investigations conducted with respect to potential money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) serves as administrator, custodian and transfer agent for the Funds under the Master Services Agreement and related Service Schedule (the “Service Module”). State Street’s principal address is 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116. Pursuant to the Service Module for Fund Administration and Accounting Services with the Trust, State Street provides necessary administrative, legal, tax and accounting and financial reporting services for the maintenance and operations of the Trust and each Fund. In addition, State Street makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services. Pursuant to the Service Module for Custodial Services with the Trust, State Street maintains, in separate accounts, cash, securities and other assets of the Trust and each Fund, keeps all necessary accounts and records and provides other services. State Street is required, upon the order of the Trust, to deliver securities held by State Street and to make payments for securities purchased by the Trust for each Fund. State Street is authorized to appoint certain foreign custodians or foreign custody managers for Fund investments outside the United States. Pursuant to the Service Module for Transfer Agency Services with the Trust, State Street acts as a transfer agent for each Fund’s authorized and issued shares of beneficial interest, and as dividend disbursing agent of the Trust. As compensation for these services, State Street receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by BFA from its management fee.
The following table sets forth the administration, custodian and transfer agency expenses of each Fund paid by BFA to State Street for the fiscal years noted:
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Fund Fund
Inception
Date
  Administration,
Custodian,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended August 31, 2013
  Administration,
Custodian,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended August 31, 2012
  Administration,
Custodian,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended August 31, 2011
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF 06/19/09   $ 414,108   $490,400   $556,714
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF 01/25/12   6,772   15,699   N/A
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF 01/25/12   22,489   32,041   N/A
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF 01/25/12   5,835   4,651   N/A
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF 01/25/12   7,551   9,442   N/A
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF 01/25/12   10,215   4,106   N/A
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF 01/10/12   9,370   4,330   N/A
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF 05/05/10   155,576   175,303   177,382
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF 05/05/10   8,306   8,284   9,442
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF 09/01/10   24,148   19,969   27,816
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF 01/23/12   8,536   3,795   N/A
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF 09/28/10   88,389   50,458   22,730
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF 05/25/10   94,447   85,063   132,481
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF 01/10/12   10,457   2,596   N/A
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF 01/25/12   4,141   4,273   N/A
Distributor.  The Distributor's principal address is 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Funds through the Distributor or its agent only in Creation Units, as described in the applicable Prospectus and below in the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Fund shares in amounts less than Creation Units are generally not distributed by the Distributor or its agent. The Distributor or its agent will arrange for the delivery of the applicable Prospectus and, upon request, this SAI to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it or its agents and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it or its agents. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
The Distribution Agreement for each Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on at least 60 days' prior written notice to the other party following (i) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the relevant Fund. The Distribution Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Fund shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as defined below), DTC participants and/or investor services organizations.
BFA or its affiliates may, from time to time and from its own resources, pay, defray or absorb costs relating to distribution, including payments out of its own resources to the Distributor, or to otherwise promote the sale of shares.
The Distributor has served as the Funds' distributor since April 1, 2012. Prior to that date, SEI Investments Distribution Co. (“SEI”), located at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, PA 19456, served as the distributor to the Funds. The following table sets forth the compensation paid by BFA to SEI for certain services, not primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares, provided to each Fund during the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
April 1, 2012
to
August 31, 20121
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
September 1, 2011
to
March 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2011
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF   06/19/09   $7,721   $3,318   $6,270   $11,753
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Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
April 1, 2012
to
August 31, 20121
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
September 1, 2011
to
March 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2011
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF   01/25/12   7,721   3,318   2,621   N/A
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF   01/25/12   7,721   3,318   2,621   N/A
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF   01/25/12   7,721   3,318   2,621   N/A
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF   01/25/12   7,721   3,318   2,621   N/A
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF   01/25/12   7,721   3,318   2,621   N/A
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF   01/10/12   7,721   3,318   2,621   N/A
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF   05/05/10   7,721   3,318   6,270   11,753
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF   05/05/10   7,721   3,318   6,270   11,753
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF   09/01/10   7,721   3,318   6,270   11,753
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF   01/23/12   7,721   3,318   2,621   N/A
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF   09/28/10   7,721   3,318   6,270   11,753
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF   05/25/10   7,721   3,318   6,270   11,753
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF   01/10/12   7,721   3,318   2,621   N/A
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF   01/25/12   7,721   3,318   2,621   N/A

1 BRIL serves as the distributor to the Funds effective April 1, 2012. These fees reflect payments made to SEI, acting as an agent of the Distributor.
2 SEI served as the distributor to the Funds through March 31, 2012.
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates. BFA and/or its affiliates (“BFA Entities”) pay certain broker-dealers, registered investment advisers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Funds, other iShares funds or exchange-traded products in general. BFA Entities make these payments from their own assets and not from the assets of the Funds. Although a portion of BFA Entities’ revenue comes directly or indirectly in part from fees paid by the Funds and other iShares funds, these payments do not increase the price paid by investors for the purchase of shares of, or the cost of owning, the Funds or other iShares funds. BFA Entities make payments for Intermediaries’ participation in activities that are designed to make registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Funds, or for other activities, such as participation in marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems (“Education Costs”). BFA Entities also make payments to Intermediaries for certain printing, publishing and mailing costs associated with the Funds or materials relating to exchange-traded products in general (“Publishing Costs”). In addition, BFA Entities make payments to Intermediaries that make shares of the Funds and certain other iShares funds available to their clients, develop new products that feature iShares or otherwise promote the Funds and other iShares funds. BFA Entities may also reimburse expenses or make payments from their own assets to Intermediaries or other persons in consideration of services or other activities that the BFA Entities believe may benefit the iShares business or facilitate investment in iShares funds. Payments of the type described above are sometimes referred to as revenue-sharing payments.
Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your salesperson or other investment professional may also be significant for your salesperson or other investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it will recommend or make available to its clients or what services to provide for various products based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments may create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients and these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Funds and other iShares funds over other investments. The same conflict of interest and financial incentive exist with respect to your salesperson or other investment professional if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.
As of March 1, 2013, BFA Entities have contractual arrangements to make payments (in addition to payments for Education Costs or Publishing Costs) to one Intermediary, Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (“FBS”). Pursuant to this special, long-term and significant arrangement (the “Marketing Program”), FBS and certain affiliates (collectively “Fidelity”) have agreed, among other things, to actively promote iShares funds to customers and investment professionals and in advertising campaigns as the preferred exchange-traded product, to offer certain iShares funds in certain Fidelity platforms and
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investment programs, in some cases at a reduced commission rate or commission free, and to provide marketing data to BFA Entities. BFA Entities have agreed to facilitate the Marketing Program by, among other things, making certain payments to FBS for marketing and implementing certain brokerage and investment programs. Upon termination of the arrangement, the BFA Entities will make additional payments to FBS based upon a number of criteria, including the overall success of the Marketing Program and the level of services provided by FBS during the wind-down period.
Any additions, modifications, or deletions to Intermediaries listed above that have occurred since the date noted above are not included in the list. Further, BFA Entities make Education Costs and Publishing Costs payments to other Intermediaries that are not listed above. BFA Entities may determine to make such payments based on any number of metrics. For example, BFA Entities may make payments at year-end or other intervals in a fixed amount, an amount based upon an Intermediary’s services at defined levels or an amount based on the Intermediary’s net sales of one or more iShares funds in a year or other period, any of which arrangements may include an agreed-upon minimum or maximum payment, or any combination of the foregoing. As of the date of this SAI, BFA anticipates that the payments paid by BFA Entities in connection with the Funds, iShares funds and exchange-traded products in general will be immaterial to BFA Entities in the aggregate for the next year. Please contact your salesperson or other investment professional for more information regarding any such payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the BFA Entities to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy shares of iShares funds.
The Funds may participate in certain market maker incentive programs of a national securities exchange in which an affiliate of the Funds would pay a fee to the exchange used for the purpose of incentivizing one or more market makers in the securities of a Fund to enhance the liquidity and quality of the secondary market of securities of a Fund. The fee would then be credited by the exchange to one or more market makers that meet or exceed liquidity and market quality standards with respect to the securities of a Fund. Each market maker incentive program is subject to approval from the SEC. Any such fee payments made to an exchange will be made by an affiliate of a Fund solely for the benefit of a Fund and will not be paid from any Fund assets.
Determination of Net Asset Value
Valuation of Shares. The NAV for a Fund is generally calculated as of the close of regular trading hours on the NYSE (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each business day the NYSE is open. Valuation of securities held by a Fund is as follows:
Equity Investments. Equity securities traded on a recognized securities exchange (e.g., NYSE), separate trading boards of a securities exchange or through a market system that provides contemporaneous transaction pricing information (an “Exchange”) are valued using information obtained via independent pricing services, generally the Exchange closing price, or if an Exchange closing price is not available, the last traded price on that Exchange prior to the time as of which a Fund’s assets or liabilities are valued. However, under certain circumstances other means of determining current market value may be used. If an equity security is traded on more than one Exchange, the current market value of the security where it is primarily traded generally will be used. In the event that there are no sales involving an equity security held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such security, the prior day’s price will be used, unless, in accordance with valuation procedures approved by a Fund’s Board (the “Valuation Procedures”), BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the security, in which case such asset would be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below).
Fixed Income Investments. In accordance with the Valuation Procedures, fixed income securities for which market quotations are readily available are generally valued using such securities’ most recent bid prices provided directly from one or more broker-dealers, market makers, or independent third-party pricing services, each of which may use matrix pricing and valuation models, as well as recent market transactions for the same or similar assets to derive values. The amortized cost method of valuation may be used with respect to debt obligations with sixty days or less remaining to maturity unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such method does not represent fair value. Loan participation notes are generally valued at the mean of the last available bid prices from one or more brokers or dealers as obtained from independent third-party pricing services. Certain fixed income investments, including asset-backed and mortgage-related securities, may be valued based on valuation models that consider the estimated cash flows of each tranche of the entity, establish a benchmark yield and develop an estimated tranche specific spread to the benchmark yield based on the unique attributes of the tranche. Fixed income securities for which market quotations are not readily available may be valued by third-party pricing services that make a valuation determination by securing transaction data (e.g., recent representative bids), credit
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quality information, perceived market movements, news, and other relevant information and by other methods, which may include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from dealers; and general market conditions.
Options, Futures, Swaps and Other Derivatives. Exchange-traded equity options for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices as quoted on the Exchange or the board of trade on which such options are traded. In the event that there is no mean price available for an exchange traded equity option held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such option, the last bid (long positions) or ask (short positions) price, if available, will be used as the value of such option. If no such bid or ask price is available on a day on which a Fund values such option, the prior day’s price will be used, unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the option in which case such option will be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below). Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives may be valued using a mathematical model which may incorporate a number of market data factors. Financial futures contracts and options thereon, which are traded on exchanges, are valued at their settle price as of the close of such exchanges. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
Underlying Funds. Shares of underlying exchange-traded funds will be valued at their most recent closing price on an Exchange. Shares of underlying money market funds will be valued at their net asset value.
General Valuation Information. In determining the market value of portfolio investments, a Fund may employ independent third-party pricing services, which may use, without limitation, a matrix or formula method that takes into consideration market indexes, matrices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. This may result in the securities being valued at a price different from the price that would have been determined had the matrix or formula method not been used. All cash, receivables and current payables are carried on a Fund’s books at their face value.
Prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services, broker-dealers or market makers to value a Fund’s securities and other assets and liabilities are based on information available at the time a Fund values its assets and liabilities. In the event that a pricing service quotation is revised or updated subsequent to the day on which the Fund valued such security or other asset or liability, the revised pricing service quotation generally will be applied prospectively. Such determination will be made considering pertinent facts and circumstances surrounding the revision.
Certain types of securities, including many fixed income securities, trade infrequently and there may be no current market transactions or recent representative bids for such securities. To the extent that prices for such securities are not reflective of current market transactions or recent representative bids, a Fund will value such securities in good faith in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
In the event that application of the methods of valuation discussed above result in a price for a security which is deemed not to be representative of the fair market value of such security, the security will be valued by, under the direction of or in accordance with a method specified by a Fund’s Board as reflecting fair value. All other assets and liabilities (including securities for which market quotations are not readily available) held by a Fund (including restricted securities) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by a Fund’s Board or by BlackRock (its delegate) pursuant to the Valuation Procedures. Any assets and liabilities which are denominated in a foreign currency are converted into U.S. dollars at the prevailing rates of exchange at such times as may be determined by a Fund from time to time.
Certain of the securities acquired by a Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges or over-the-counter markets on days on which a Fund’s net asset value is not calculated. In such cases, the net asset value of a Fund’s shares may be significantly affected on days when investors can neither purchase nor redeem shares of a Fund.
Use of fair value prices and certain current market valuations could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate a Fund’s NAV and the prices used in the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between a Fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Fair Value. When market quotations are not readily available or are believed in good faith by BlackRock to be unreliable, a Fund’s investments are valued at fair value (“Fair Value Assets”). Fair Value Assets are valued by BlackRock in accordance with the Valuation Procedures. BlackRock may reasonably conclude that a market quotation is not readily available or is unreliable if, among other things, a security or other asset or liability does not have a price source due to its lack of trading, if BlackRock believes in good faith that a market quotation from a broker-dealer or other source is unreliable (e.g., where it
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varies significantly from a recent trade, or no longer reflects the fair value of the security or other asset or liability subsequent to the most recent market quotation), where the security or other asset or liability is only thinly traded or due to the occurrence of a significant event subsequent to the most recent market quotation. For this purpose, a “significant event” is deemed to occur if BlackRock determines, in its reasonable business judgment, that an event has occurred after the close of trading for an asset or liability but prior to or at the time of pricing a Fund’s assets or liabilities, and that the event is likely to cause a material change to the closing market price of the assets or liabilities held by a Fund. Non-U.S. securities whose values are affected by volatility that occurs in U.S. markets for related or highly correlated assets (e.g., ADRs, GDRs or ETFs) on a trading day after the close of non-U.S. securities markets may be fair valued. On any date the NYSE is open and a foreign market or the primary exchange on which a foreign asset or liability is traded is closed, such asset or liability will be valued using the prior day’s price, provided that BlackRock is not aware of any significant event or other information that would cause such price to no longer reflect the fair value of the asset or liability, in which case such asset or liability would be treated as a Fair Value Asset.
BlackRock, with input from the BlackRock Investment Strategy Group, will submit its recommendations regarding the valuation and/or valuation methodologies for Fair Value Assets to BlackRock’s Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee may accept, modify or reject any recommendations. In addition, a Fund’s accounting agent periodically endeavors to confirm the prices it receives from all third-party pricing services, index providers and broker-dealers, and, with the assistance of BlackRock, to regularly evaluate the values assigned to the securities and other assets and liabilities held by a Fund. The pricing of all Fair Value Assets is subsequently reported to and, where appropriate, ratified by the Board.
When determining the price for a Fair Value Asset, the BlackRock Valuation Committee (or BlackRock’s Pricing Group) will seek to determine the price that a Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of that asset or liability in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what a Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. Fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that the Valuation Committee (or Pricing Group) deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third party valuation models.
Fair value represents a good faith approximation of the value of an asset or liability. When determining fair value of an asset, one or more of a variety of fair valuation methodologies may be used (depending on factors including the asset type). For example, the asset may be priced on the basis of the original cost of the investment or, alternatively, using proprietary or third-party models (including models that rely upon direct portfolio management pricing inputs and which reflect the significance attributed to the various factors and assumptions being considered). Prices of actual, executed or historical transactions in the relevant asset and/or liability (or related or comparable assets and/or liabilities) or, where appropriate, an appraisal by a third party experienced in the valuation of similar assets and/or liabilities, may also be used as a basis for establishing the fair value of an asset or liability. The fair value of one or more assets or liabilities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets or liabilities could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining a Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
Each Fund’s annual audited financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), follow the requirements for valuation set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), which defines and establishes a framework for measuring fair value under US GAAP and expands financial statement disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements. Generally, ASC 820 and other accounting rules applicable to funds and various assets in which they invest are evolving. Such changes may adversely affect a Fund. For example, the evolution of rules governing the determination of the fair market value of assets or liabilities to the extent such rules become more stringent would tend to increase the cost and/or reduce the availability of third-party determinations of fair market value. This may in turn increase the costs associated with selling assets or affect their liquidity due to a Fund’s inability to obtain a third-party determination of fair market value.
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Brokerage Transactions
Subject to policies established by the Board, BFA is primarily responsible for the execution of a Fund’s portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage. BFA does not execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer, but seeks to obtain the best net results for the Funds, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, operational facilities of the firm and the firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. While BFA generally seeks reasonable trade execution costs, a Fund does not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available, and payment of the lowest commission or spread is not necessarily consistent with obtaining the best price and execution in particular transactions. Subject to applicable legal requirements, BFA may select a broker based partly upon brokerage or research services provided to BFA and its clients, including a Fund. In return for such services, BFA may cause a Fund to pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if BFA determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
In selecting brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, BFA seeks to obtain the best price and most favorable execution for a Fund and may take into account a variety of factors including: (i) the size, nature and character of the security or instrument being traded and the markets in which it is purchased or sold; (ii) the desired timing of the transaction; (iii) BFA’s knowledge of the expected commission rates and spreads currently available; (iv) the activity existing and expected in the market for the particular security or instrument, including any anticipated execution difficulties; (v) the full range of brokerage services provided; (vi) the broker’s or dealer’s capital; (vii) the quality of research and research services provided; (viii) the reasonableness of the commission, dealer spread or its equivalent for the specific transaction; and (ix) BFA’s knowledge of any actual or apparent operational problems of a broker or dealer. Brokers may also be selected because of their ability to handle special or difficult executions, such as may be involved in large block trades, less liquid securities, or other circumstances.
Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act (“Section 28(e)”) permits an investment adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause an account to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction that exceeds the amount another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the same transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by that broker or dealer. This includes commissions paid on riskless principal transactions under certain conditions.
From time to time, a Fund may purchase new issues of securities in a fixed price offering. In these situations, the broker may be a member of the selling group that will, in addition to selling securities, provide BFA with research services. FINRA has adopted rules expressly permitting these types of arrangements under certain circumstances. Generally, the broker will provide research “credits” in these situations at a rate that is higher than that available for typical secondary market transactions. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e).
The Funds anticipate that brokerage transactions involving foreign securities generally will be conducted primarily on the principal stock exchanges of the applicable country. Foreign equity securities may be held by the Funds in the form of depositary receipts, or other securities convertible into foreign equity securities. Depositary receipts may be listed on stock exchanges, or traded in over-the-counter markets in the United States or Europe, as the case may be. American Depositary Receipts, like other securities traded in the United States, will be subject to negotiated commission rates.
OTC issues, including most fixed income securities such as corporate debt and U.S. Government securities, are normally traded on a “net” basis without a stated commission, through dealers acting for their own account and not as brokers. The Funds will primarily engage in transactions with these dealers or deal directly with the issuer unless a better price or execution could be obtained by using a broker. Prices paid to a dealer with respect to both foreign and domestic securities will generally include a “spread,” which is the difference between the prices at which the dealer is willing to purchase and sell the specific security at the time, and includes the dealer’s normal profit.
Under the Investment Company Act, persons affiliated with a Fund and persons who are affiliated with such affiliated persons are prohibited from dealing with the Fund as principal in the purchase and sale of securities unless a permissive order allowing such transactions is obtained from the Commission. Since transactions in the OTC market usually involve transactions with the dealers acting as principal for their own accounts, the Funds will not deal with affiliated persons, including PNC and its affiliates, in connection with such transactions. The Funds will not purchase securities during the existence of any underwriting or selling group relating to such securities of which BFA, PNC, BRIL or any affiliated person (as defined in the Investment Company Act) thereof is a member except pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board in accordance with Rule 10f-3 under the Investment Company Act.
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Purchases of money market instruments by the Funds are made from dealers, underwriters and issuers. The Funds do not currently expect to incur any brokerage commission expense on such transactions because money market instruments are generally traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission. The price of the security, however, usually includes a profit to the dealer.
BFA may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions.
Securities purchased in underwritten offerings include a fixed amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s concession or discount. When securities are purchased or sold directly from or to an issuer, no commissions or discounts are paid.
Investment decisions for the Funds and for other investment accounts managed by BFA and its affiliates are made independently of each other in light of differing conditions. A variety of factors will be considered in making investment allocations. These factors include: (i) investment objectives or strategies for particular accounts, including sector, industry, country or region and capitalization weightings; (ii) tax considerations of an account; (iii) risk or investment concentration parameters for an account; (iv) supply or demand for a security at a given price level; (v) size of available investment; (vi) cash availability and liquidity requirements for accounts; (vii) regulatory restrictions; (viii) minimum investment size of an account; (ix) relative size of account; and (x) such other factors as may be approved by BlackRock’s general counsel. Moreover, investments may not be allocated to one client account over another based on any of the following considerations: (i) to favor one client account at the expense of another; (ii) to generate higher fees paid by one client account over another or to produce greater performance compensation to BlackRock; (iii) to develop or enhance a relationship with a client or prospective client; (iv) to compensate a client for past services or benefits rendered to BlackRock or to induce future services or benefits to be rendered to BlackRock; or (v) to manage or equalize investment performance among different client accounts. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest.
Initial public offerings of securities may be over-subscribed and subsequently trade at a premium in the secondary market. When BFA is given an opportunity to invest in such an initial offering or “new” or “hot” issue, the supply of securities available for client accounts is often less than the amount of securities the accounts would otherwise take. In order to allocate these investments fairly and equitably among client accounts over time, each portfolio manager or a member of his or her respective investment team will indicate to BFA’s trading desk their level of interest in a particular offering with respect to eligible clients’ accounts for which that team is responsible. Initial public offerings of U.S. equity securities will be identified as eligible for particular client accounts that are managed by portfolio teams who have indicated interest in the offering based on market capitalization of the issuer of the security and the investment mandate of the client account and in the case of international equity securities, the country where the offering is taking place and the investment mandate of the client account. Generally, shares received during the initial public offering will be allocated among participating client accounts within each investment mandate on a pro rata basis. This pro rata allocation may result in a Fund receiving less of a particular security than if pro-ration had not occurred. All allocations of securities will be subject, where relevant, to share minimums established for accounts and compliance constraints. In situations where supply is too limited to be allocated among all accounts for which the investment is eligible, portfolio managers may rotate such investment opportunities among one or more accounts so long as the rotation system provides for fair access for all client accounts over time. Other allocation methodologies that are considered by BFA to be fair and equitable to clients may be used as well.
Because different accounts may have differing investment objectives and policies, BFA may buy and sell the same securities at the same time for different clients based on the particular investment objective, guidelines and strategies of those accounts. For example, BFA may decide that it may be entirely appropriate for a growth fund to sell a security at the same time a value fund is buying that security. To the extent that transactions on behalf of more than one client of BFA or its affiliates during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price. For example, sales of a security by BlackRock on behalf of one or more of its clients may decrease the market price of such security, adversely impacting other BlackRock clients that still hold the security. If purchases or sales of securities arise for consideration at or about the same time that would involve the Funds or other clients or funds for which BFA or an affiliate act as investment manager, transactions in such securities will be made, insofar as feasible, for the respective funds and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all.
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In certain instances, BFA may find it efficient for purposes of seeking to obtain best execution, to aggregate or “bunch” certain contemporaneous purchases or sale orders of its advisory accounts and advisory accounts of affiliates. In general, all contemporaneous trades for client accounts under management by the same portfolio manager or investment team will be bunched in a single order if the trader believes the bunched trade would provide each client with an opportunity to achieve a more favorable execution at a potentially lower execution cost. The costs associated with a bunched order will be shared pro rata among the clients in the bunched order. Generally, if an order for a particular portfolio manager or management team is filled at several different prices through multiple trades, all accounts participating in the order will receive the average price except in the case of certain international markets where average pricing is not permitted. While in some cases this practice could have a detrimental effect upon the price or value of the security as far as the Funds are concerned, in other cases it could be beneficial to the Funds. Transactions effected by BFA or its affiliates on behalf of more than one of its clients during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, causing an adverse effect on price. The trader will give the bunched order to the broker-dealer that the trader has identified as being able to provide the best execution of the order. Orders for purchase or sale of securities will be placed within a reasonable amount of time of the order receipt and bunched orders will be kept bunched only long enough to execute the order.
The table below sets forth the brokerage commissions paid by each Fund for the fiscal years noted. Any differences in brokerage commissions paid by a Fund from year to year are due to increases or decreases in that Fund’s assets over those periods:
Fund Fund
Inception
Date
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended August 31, 2013
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended August 31, 2012
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended August 31, 2011
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF 06/19/09   $ 49,413   $83,734   $ 70,611
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF 01/25/12   71   135   N/A
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF 01/25/12   129   278   N/A
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF 01/25/12   50   128   N/A
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF 01/25/12   91   121   N/A
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF 01/25/12   408   185   N/A
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF 01/10/12   255   85   N/A
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF 05/05/10   60,231   44,994   58,017
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF 05/05/10   1,268   264   262
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF 09/01/10   12,209   7,409   11,208
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF 01/23/12   296   164   N/A
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF 09/28/10   566,569   27,344   9,479
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF 05/25/10   81,171   42,717   108,708
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF 01/10/12   988   84   N/A
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF 01/25/12   152   183   N/A
None of the Funds paid any brokerage commissions to BlackRock, an affiliate of BFA, or a subsidiary of BTC, during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The Funds' purchase and sale orders for securities may be combined with those of other investment companies, clients or accounts that BFA or its affiliates manage or advise and for which they have brokerage placement authority. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Funds and one or more other accounts managed or advised by BFA or its affiliates are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the Funds and the other accounts in a manner deemed equitable to all by BFA and its affiliates. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as the Funds are concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower transaction costs will be beneficial to the Funds. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest. BFA and its affiliates may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions. The Funds will not deal with affiliates in principal transactions unless permitted by applicable SEC rules or regulations, or by SEC exemptive order.
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Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates may result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses.
The table below sets forth the portfolio turnover rates of each Fund for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fiscal Year ended
August 31, 2013
  Fiscal Year ended
August 31, 2012
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF   11%   10%
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF   21%   10%
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF   24%   18%
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF   12%   12%
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF   12%   11%
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF   19%   10%
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF   33%   9%
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF   15%   8%
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF   29%   21%
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF   26%   12%
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF   10%   7%
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF   23%   25%
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF   21%   15%
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF   26%   4%
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF   19%   12%
Additional Information Concerning the Trust
Shares. The Trust currently consists of more than 235 separate investment series or portfolios called funds. The Trust issues shares of beneficial interests in the funds with no par value. The Board may designate additional iShares funds.
Each share issued by a fund has a pro rata interest in the assets of that fund. Shares have no preemptive, exchange, subscription or conversion rights and are freely transferable. Each share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by the Board with respect to the relevant fund, and in the net distributable assets of such fund on liquidation.
Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which the shareholder is entitled to vote. In any matter submitted to shareholders for a vote, each fund shall hold a separate vote, provided that shareholders of all affected funds will vote together when: (1) required by the 1940 Act, or (2) the Trustees determine that the matter affects the interests of more than one fund.
Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. The policy of the Trust is not to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. All shares (regardless of the fund) have noncumulative voting rights in the election of members of the Board. Under Delaware law, Trustees of the Trust may be removed by vote of the shareholders.
Following the creation of the initial Creation Unit(s) of shares of a fund and immediately prior to the commencement of trading in such fund’s shares, a holder of shares may be a “control person” of the fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. A fund cannot predict the length of time for which one or more shareholders may remain a control person of the fund.
In accordance with the Trust's Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 17, 2009 (the “Declaration of Trust”), the Board may, without shareholder approval (unless such shareholder approval is required by applicable law, including the 1940 Act), cause one or more funds commencing operations after September 24, 2008 (each, a “New Fund”) to merge, reorganize, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of their assets, or take other similar actions with, to or into another New Fund.
Shareholders may make inquiries by writing to iShares Trust, c/o BlackRock Investments, LLC, 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310.
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Absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, beneficial owners of more than 5% of the shares of a fund may be subject to the reporting provisions of Section 13 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. In addition, absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, officers and trustees of a fund and beneficial owners of 10% of the shares of a fund (“Insiders”) may be subject to the insider reporting, short-swing profit and short sale provisions of Section 16 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. Beneficial owners and Insiders should consult with their own legal counsel concerning their obligations under Sections 13 and 16 of the 1934 Act.
Termination of the Trust or a Fund.  The Trust or a Fund may be terminated by a majority vote of the Board, subject to the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders of the Trust or such Fund entitled to vote on termination; however, in certain circumstances described in the Declaration of Trust, only a majority vote of the Board is required. Although the shares are not automatically redeemable upon the occurrence of any specific event, the Declaration of Trust provides that the Board will have the unrestricted power to alter the number of shares in a Creation Unit. In the event of a termination of the Trust or a Fund, the Board, in its sole discretion, could determine to permit the shares to be redeemable in aggregations smaller than Creation Units or to be individually redeemable. In such circumstance, the Trust may make redemptions in-kind, for cash or for a combination of cash or securities.
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds.  Shares of each Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.
DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (“DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities’ certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), the NYSE Amex Equities and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”).
Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the shares of each Fund held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares of the Trust. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in shares of each Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants. DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to shares of the Trust at any
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time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units
General.  The Trust issues and sells shares of each Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor or its agent, without a sales load, at a price based on the NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined below), of an order received by the Distributor or its agent in proper form. The following table sets forth the number of shares of a Fund that constitute a Creation Unit for such Fund and the value of such Creation Unit as of September 30, 2013:
Fund   Shares Per
Creation Unit
  Value Per
Creation
Unit (U.S.$)
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF   50,000   $ 1,645,500
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF   50,000   $ 1,086,000
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF   50,000   $ 1,140,000
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF   50,000   $ 2,013,000
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF   50,000   $ 1,574,500
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF   50,000   $ 1,858,500
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF   50,000   $ 1,509,000
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF   50,000   $ 1,202,000
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF   50,000   $ 1,634,000
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF   50,000   $ 1,934,500
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF   100,000   $2,908,000
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF   50,000   $ 1,660,000
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF   50,000   $ 1,437,000
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF   100,000   $ 3,041,000
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF   50,000   $ 1,894,500
The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of shares outstanding of any Fund, and to make a corresponding change in the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit, in the event that the per share price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Board.
A “Business Day” with respect to each Fund is any day on which the Listing Exchange on which the Fund is listed for trading is open for business. As of the date of this SAI, each Listing Exchange observes the following holidays, as observed: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of Creation Units of a Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) (i.e., the Deposit Securities) and the Cash Component computed as described below. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to creation requests received in proper form. The Fund Deposit, when combined with the Fund's portfolio securities, is intended to generate performance similar to that of the Underlying Index. The Fund Deposit represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of any Fund.
The Cash Component is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the “Deposit Amount,” which is an amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities, and serves to compensate for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount. Payment of any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities are the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing a Creation Unit.
BFA makes available through the NSCC on each Business Day prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange, the list of names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security and the amount of the Cash Component to be
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included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information as of the end of the previous Business Day for each Fund). Such Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, to purchases of Creation Units of shares of a given Fund until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit is made available.
The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities change pursuant to changes in the composition of a Fund's portfolio and as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by BFA with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities constituting the relevant Underlying Index.
The Funds reserve the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through DTC. The Funds also reserve the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which (i) the delivery of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under applicable securities or other local laws or (ii) the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under applicable securities or other local laws, or in certain other situations.
Cash Purchase Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a partial or full cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser.
Role of the Authorized Participant. Creation Units may be purchased only by or through a DTC Participant that has entered into an authorized participant agreement with the Distributor (an “Authorized Participant”). Such Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of such authorized participant agreement and on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that such Authorized Participant will make available in advance of each purchase of shares an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component, once the net asset value of a Creation Unit is next determined after receipt of the purchase order in proper form, together with the transaction fees described below. An Authorized Participant, acting on behalf of an investor, may require the investor to enter into an agreement with such Authorized Participant with respect to certain matters, including payment of the Cash Component. Investors who are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not be a DTC Participant or may not have executed an authorized participant agreement and that orders to purchase Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant. As a result, purchase orders placed through an Authorized Participant may result in additional charges to such investor. The Trust does not expect to enter into an authorized participant agreement with more than a small number of DTC Participants. A list of current Authorized Participants may be obtained from the Distributor. The Distributor has adopted guidelines regarding Authorized Participants’ transactions in Creation Units that are made available to all Authorized Participants. These guidelines set forth the processes and standards for Authorized Participants to transact with the Distributor and its agents in connection with creation and redemption transactions.
Purchase Orders.  To initiate an order for a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit to the Distributor or its agent an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund, in proper form, generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day to receive that day’s NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Funds may require orders for Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. The Distributor or its agent will notify BFA and the custodian of such order. The custodian will then provide such information to any appropriate sub-custodian. Procedures and requirements governing the delivery of the Fund Deposit are set forth in the procedures handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a creation request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request. Those placing orders to purchase Creation Units through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Distributor or its agent by the Cutoff Time (as defined below) on such Business Day.
The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the contractual settlement date, by means satisfactory to the Funds, immediately available or same day funds estimated by the Funds to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component next determined after acceptance of the purchase order, together with the applicable purchase transaction fees. Any excess funds
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will be returned following settlement of the issue of the Creation Unit. Those placing orders should ascertain the applicable deadline for cash transfers by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effectuating the transfer of the Cash Component. This deadline is likely to be significantly earlier than the Cutoff Time of the Funds. Investors should be aware that an Authorized Participant may require orders for purchases of shares placed with it to be in the particular form required by the individual Authorized Participant.
The Authorized Participant is responsible for any and all expenses and costs incurred by a Fund, including any applicable cash amounts, in connection with any purchase order.
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Creation Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor or its agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement, as described below. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or its agent or an Authorized Participant. Orders to create shares of a Fund that are submitted on the Business Day immediately preceding a holiday or a day (other than a weekend) when the equity markets in the relevant non-U.S. market are closed may not be accepted. Each Fund's deadline specified above for the submission of purchase orders is referred to as that Fund's “Cutoff Time.” The Distributor or its agent, in their discretion, may permit the submission of such orders and requests by or through an Authorized Participant at any time (including on days on which the Listing Exchange is not open for business) via communication through the facilities of the Distributor's or its agent's proprietary website maintained for this purpose. Purchase orders and redemption requests, if accepted by the Trust, will be processed based on the NAV next determined after such acceptance in accordance with each Fund's Cutoff Times as provided in the authorized participant agreement and disclosed in this SAI.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units.  Subject to the conditions that (i) an irrevocable purchase order has been submitted by the Authorized Participant (either on its own or another investor's behalf) and (ii) arrangements satisfactory to the Funds are in place for payment of the Cash Component and any other cash amounts which may be due, the Funds will accept the order, subject to each Fund's right (and the right of the Distributor and BFA) to reject any order until acceptance, as set forth below.
Once a Fund has accepted an order, upon the next determination of the net asset value of the shares, the Fund will confirm the issuance of a Creation Unit, against receipt of payment, at such net asset value. The Distributor or its agent will then transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.
Each Fund reserves the absolute right to reject or revoke a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor or its agent if (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (iii) the Deposit Securities delivered do not conform to the identity and number of shares specified, as described above; (iv) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (vi) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the discretion of the Fund or BFA, have an adverse effect on the Fund or the rights of beneficial owners; or (vii) circumstances outside the control of the Fund, the Distributor or its agent and BFA make it impracticable to process purchase orders. The Distributor or its agent shall notify a prospective purchaser of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such purchaser of its rejection of such order. The Funds, State Street, the sub-custodian and the Distributor or its agent are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification.
Issuance of a Creation Unit.  Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the applicable Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the custodian that the securities included in the Fund Deposit (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Distributor or its agent and BFA shall be notified of such delivery and the applicable Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit. Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+3 basis” (i.e., three Business Days after trade date). For the iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF, Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+2 basis” (i.e., two Business Days after trade date). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit
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transactions on a basis other than T+2 or T+3 in order to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (i.e., the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security) and in certain other circumstances.
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor, each Fund will issue Creation Units to such Authorized Participant, notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Fund Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities in accordance with the Funds' then-effective procedures. The only collateral that is acceptable to the Funds is cash in U.S. dollars. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on the contractual settlement date. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. Information concerning the Funds' current procedures for collateralization of missing Deposit Securities is available from the Distributor or its agent. The authorized participant agreement will permit the Funds to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Funds of purchasing such securities and the cash collateral.
In certain cases, Authorized Participants may create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date and in these instances, the Funds reserve the right to settle these transactions on a net basis or require a representation from the Authorized Participants that the creation and redemption transactions are for separate beneficial owners. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by each Fund and the Fund's determination shall be final and binding.
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions.  A standard creation transaction fee is imposed to offset the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The standard creation transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant creates a Creation Unit, and is the same, regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by the Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Deposit Securities to the Funds. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard creation transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations*
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF   $ 1,500   3.0%
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF   5,500   3.0%
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF   3,300   3.0%
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF   1,200   3.0%
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF   1,000   3.0%
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF   1,600   3.0%
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF   1,000   3.0%
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF   1,700   3.0%
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF   900   3.0%
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF   600   3.0%
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF   1,300   3.0%
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF   1,000   3.0%
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF   600   3.0%
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF   1,200   3.0%
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Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations*
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF   2,200   3.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit.
Redemption of Creation Units.  Shares of a Fund may be redeemed by Authorized Participants only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Distributor or its agent and only on a Business Day. The Funds will not redeem shares in amounts less than Creation Units. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the secondary market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a Creation Unit that could be redeemed by an Authorized Participant. Beneficial owners also may sell shares in the secondary market.
Each Fund generally redeems Creation Units for Fund Securities. Please see the Cash Redemption Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the in-kind method for further information on redeeming Creation Units of the Funds.
BFA makes available through the NSCC, prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange on each Business Day, the designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”), and an amount of cash (the “Cash Amount,” as described below). Such Fund Securities and the corresponding Cash Amount (each subject to possible amendment or correction) are applicable, in order to effect redemptions of Creation Units of a Fund until such time as the next announced composition of the Fund Securities and Cash Amount is made available. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units. Procedures and requirements governing redemption transactions are set forth in the handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time.
Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for a Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of Fund Securities, plus the Cash Amount, which is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the shares being redeemed, as next determined after the receipt of a redemption request in proper form, and the value of Fund Securities, less a redemption transaction fee (as described below).
The Trust may, in its sole discretion, substitute a “cash in lieu” amount to replace any Fund Security. The amount of cash paid out in such cases will be equivalent to the value of the substituted security listed as a Fund Security. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the difference is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Each Fund generally redeems Creation Units for Fund Securities, but the Fund reserves the right to utilize a cash option for redemption of Creation Units.
Cash Redemption Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions thereof. In the case of partial or full cash redemption, the Authorized Participant receives the cash equivalent of the Fund Securities it would otherwise receive through an in-kind redemption, plus the same Cash Amount to be paid to an in-kind redeemer.
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions.  A redemption transaction fee is imposed to offset transfer and other transaction costs that may be incurred by the relevant Fund. The standard redemption transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant redeems a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by an Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from a Fund to their account on their order. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to dispose of Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard redemption transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
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Fund   Standard Redemption
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Redemptions*
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF   $ 1,500   2.0%
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF   5,500   2.0%
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF   3,300   2.0%
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF   1,200   2.0%
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF   1,000   2.0%
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF   1,600   2.0%
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF   1,000   2.0%
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF   1,700   2.0%
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF   900   2.0%
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF   600   2.0%
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF   1,300   2.0%
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF   1,000   2.0%
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF   600   2.0%
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF   1,200   2.0%
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF   2,200   2.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit, inclusive of the standard redemption transaction fee.
Placement of Redemption Orders. Redemption requests for Creation Units of any Fund must be submitted to the Distributor by or through an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable request to redeem shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a redemption request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request.
The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption in the form required by the Funds to the Distributor or its agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an authorized participant agreement and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an authorized participant agreement. At any time, only a limited number of broker-dealers will have an authorized participant agreement in effect. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the shares to the Funds' transfer agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Funds' transfer agent the Creation Unit redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the Listing Exchange closing time on any Business Day, (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the applicable Fund is received by the Distributor or its agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified above and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement are properly followed. If the transfer agent does not receive the investor's shares through DTC's facilities by 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Business Day next following the day that the redemption request is received, the redemption request shall be rejected. Investors should be aware that the deadline for such transfers of shares through the DTC system may be significantly earlier than the close of business on the Listing Exchange. Those making redemption requests should ascertain the deadline applicable to transfers of shares through the DTC system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effecting the transfer of the shares.
Upon receiving a redemption request, the Distributor or its agent shall notify the applicable Fund and the Fund's transfer agent of such redemption request. The tender of an investor's shares for redemption and the distribution of the securities and/or cash included in the redemption payment made in respect of Creation Units redeemed will be made through DTC and the relevant Authorized Participant to the Beneficial Owner thereof as recorded on the book-entry system of DTC or the DTC Participant through which such investor holds, as the case may be, or by such other means specified by the Authorized Participant submitting the redemption request.
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A redeeming Beneficial Owner or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Beneficial Owner must maintain appropriate security arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the portfolio securities are customarily traded, to which account such portfolio securities will be delivered.
Deliveries of redemption proceeds by each Fund generally will be made within three Business Days (i.e., “T+3”). For the iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF, deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within two Business Days (i.e., “T+2”). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle redemption transactions and deliver redemption proceeds on another basis to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (i.e., the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold) and in certain other circumstances. The Regular Holidays section hereto identifies the instances, if any, where more than seven days would be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Pursuant to an order of the SEC, the Trust will make delivery of redemption proceeds within the number of days stated in the Regular Holidays section to be the maximum number of days necessary to deliver redemption proceeds.
If neither the redeeming Beneficial Owner nor the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such redeeming Beneficial Owner has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of Fund Securities in the applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of Fund Securities in such jurisdiction, the Fund may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming Beneficial Owner will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In such case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the net asset value of its shares based on the NAV of the Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charges specified above to offset the Fund's brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Fund cannot lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or cannot do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws.
Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit cash redemptions of Creation Units, in the event that cash redemptions are permitted or required by the Trust, proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming shares as soon as practicable after the date of redemption (within seven calendar days thereafter, except for the instances listed in the Regular Holidays section in which more than seven calendar days would be needed).
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor or its agent, in the event an Authorized Participant has submitted a redemption request in proper form but is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to the Fund, at or prior to 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Listing Exchange business day after the date of submission of such redemption request, the Distributor or its agent will accept the redemption request in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing shares as soon as possible. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash, in U.S. dollars in immediately available funds, having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing shares. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the day after the date of submission of such redemption request and shall be held by State Street and marked-to-market daily. The fees of State Street and any sub-custodians in respect of the delivery, maintenance and redelivery of the cash collateral shall be payable by the Authorized Participant. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. The authorized participant agreement permits the Funds to acquire shares of the Funds at any time and subjects the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the aggregate of the cost to the Funds of purchasing such shares, plus the value of the Cash Amount, and the value of the cash collateral.
Because the portfolio securities of a Fund may trade on exchange(s) on days that the Listing Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for such Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of such Fund, or purchase or sell shares of such Fund on the Listing Exchange on days when the NAV of such a Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to any Fund: (i) for any period during which the Listing Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during
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which trading on the Listing Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund's portfolio securities or determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units.  An Authorized Participant generally will recognize either gain or loss upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units. This gain or loss is calculated by taking the market value of the Creation Units purchased over the Authorized Participant’s aggregate basis in the Deposit Securities exchanged therefor. However, the IRS may apply the wash sales rules to determine that any loss realized upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units is not currently deductible. Authorized Participants should consult their own tax advisors.
Current U.S. federal tax laws dictate that capital gain or loss realized from the redemption of Creation Units will generally create long-term capital gain or loss if the Authorized Participant holds the Creation Units for more than one year, or short-term capital gain or loss if the Creation Units were held for one year or less, if the Creation Units are held as capital assets.
Regular Holidays. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable non-U.S. market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a non-U.S. market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within the normal settlement period.
The securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming investors, coupled with non-U.S. market holiday schedules, will require a delivery process longer than seven calendar days, in certain circumstances. The holidays applicable to each Fund during such periods are listed below, as are instances where more than seven days will be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed below for each Fund. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local securities delivery practices, could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.
In calendar years 2014 and 2015, the dates of regular holidays affecting the relevant securities markets in which a Fund invests are as follows (please note these holiday schedules are subject to potential changes in the relevant securities markets):
2014
Australia
January 1 April 21 October 6 December 26
January 27 April 25 November 4 December 31
March 10 June 9 December 24  
April 18 August 4 December 25  
    
Canada
January 1 July 1 December 25  
February 17 August 4 December 26  
April 18 September 1    
May 19 October 13    
Denmark
January 1 May 16 June 9 December 26
April 17 May 29 June 30 December 31
April 18 May 30 December 24  
April 21 June 5 December 25  
    
Finland
January 1 April 21 December 26  
January 6 May 1 December 31  
April 17 December 24    
April 18 December 25    
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Germany
January 1 May 1 December 26  
April 18 December 24 December 31  
April 21 December 25    
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 21 September 9 December 26
January 30 May 1 October 1 December 31
January 31 May 6 October 2  
February 3 June 2 December 24  
April 18 July 1 December 25  
    
Indonesia
January 1 May 1 July 29 December 26
January 14 May 15 July 30 December 31
January 31 May 27 July 31  
March 31 May 29 August 1  
April 18 July 28 December 25  
    
Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 27 December 29
March 17 May 5 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 4 December 26  
    
New Zealand
January 1 February 6 June 2  
January 2 April 18 October 27  
January 20 April 21 December 25  
January 27 April 25 December 26  
    
Norway
January 1 April 21 December 24  
April 16 May 1 December 25  
April 17 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 9 December 31  
Peru
January 1 May 1 October 8  
April 17 July 28 December 8  
April 18 July 29 December 25  
    
The Philippines
January 1 April 18 August 25 December 30
January 31 May 1 December 24 December 31
April 9 June 12 December 25  
April 17 August 21 December 26  
    
Poland
January 1 April 21 August 15 December 25
January 6 May 1 November 11 December 26
April 18 June 19 December 24 December 31
    
Singapore
January 1 May 1 October 6  
January 31 May 13 October 23  
April 18 July 28 December 25  
    
The United Kingdom
January 1 May 5 December 25  
April 18 May 26 December 26  
April 21 August 25    
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2015
Australia
January 1 April 21 June 9 November 4
January 27 April 25 August 4 December 25
March 3 May 5 August 13 December 26
March 10 May 19 September 29  
April 18 June 2 October 6  
    
Canada
January 1 April 3 June 24 September 7
January 2 April 6 July 1 October 12
February 9 April 20 July 9 November 11
February 16 May 18 August 3 December 25
February 27 June 21 August 17 December 26
March 16 June 22 August 21  
    
Denmark
January 1 May 1 December 24  
April 2 May 14 December 25  
April 3 May 25 December 31  
April 6 June 5    
    
Finland
January 1 April 6 June 19  
January 6 May 1 December 24  
April 3 May 14 December 25  
    
Germany
January 1 April 6 May 25  
January 6 May 1 June 4  
April 3 May 14 December 25  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 6 September 28 December 26
February 19 May 1 October 1  
February 20 May 25 October 21  
April 3 July 1 December 25  
    
Indonesia
January 1 May 14 September 24  
February 19 May 15 October 15  
April 3 May 25 December 24  
May 1 August 17 December 25  
Ireland
January 1 April 24 October 26  
March 17 May 4 December 24  
April 3 June 1 December 25  
April 6 August 3 December 29  
    
New Zealand
January 1 April 6 December 25  
January 2 April 27 December 28  
February 6 June 1    
April 3 October 26    
    
Norway
January 1 May 1 December 25  
April 2 May 14 December 31  
April 3 May 25    
April 6 December 24    
    
Peru
January 1 May 1 October 8 December 31
April 2 June 29 December 8  
April 3 July 28 December 25  
    
The Philippines
January 1 April 9 September 24 December 30
February 19 May 1 November 2 December 31
February 25 June 12 November 30  
April 2 August 21 December 24  
April 3 August 31 December 25  
    
Poland
January 1 April 6 November 11  
January 6 May 1 December 25  
April 3 June 4    
    
Singapore
January 1 May 1 December 25  
February 19 August 10 December 31  
February 20 November 11    
April 3 December 24    
    
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The United Kingdom
January 1 April 3 May 25 December 25
January 2 April 6 August 3 December 28
January 6 May 4 August 31  
Redemptions.  The longest redemption cycle for a Fund is a function of the longest redemption cycle among the countries whose stocks comprise the Funds. In calendar years 2014 and 2015, the dates of regular holidays affecting the following securities markets present the worst-case redemption cycles* for a Fund as follows:
2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Denmark   04/14/14   04/23/14   8
    04/15/14   04/24/14   8
    04/16/14   04/25/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Finland   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Indonesia   07/23/14   08/04/14   12
    07/24/14   08/05/14   12
    07/25/14   08/06/14   12
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   11
Ireland   12/23/14   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Norway   04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
The Philippines   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
    
2015
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Denmark   03/30/15   04/07/15   8
    03/31/15   04/08/15   8
    04/01/15   04/09/15   8
Norway   03/30/15   04/07/15   8
    03/31/15   04/08/15   8
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2015
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    04/01/15   04/09/15   8
The Philippines   12/22/14   01/02/15   11
    12/23/14   01/04/15   12
    12/23/14   01/05/15   13
    12/28/14   01/05/15   8
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8

* These worst-case redemption cycles are based on information regarding regular holidays, which may be out of date. Based on changes in holidays, longer (worse) redemption cycles are possible.
Taxes
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of a Fund. This summary does not address all of the potential U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to a Fund or to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special tax rules. Current and prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the specific U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of investing in a Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications.  Each Fund intends to continue to qualify for treatment as a separate RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, each Fund must annually distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes dividends, interest and net short-term capital gains) and meet several other requirements. Among such other requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of each Fund’s annual gross income must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or non-U.S. currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income); and (ii) at the close of each quarter of each Fund's taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of each Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited for purposes of this calculation in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of each Fund's total assets may be invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, of two or more issuers of which 20% or more of the voting stock is held by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly-traded partnerships.
A Fund may be able to cure a failure to derive 90% of its income from the sources specified above or a failure to diversify its holdings in the manner described above by paying a tax and/or by disposing of certain assets. If, in any taxable year, a Fund fails one of these tests and does not timely cure the failure, that Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by that Fund in computing its taxable income.
Although, in general, the passive loss rules of the Internal Revenue Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships. A Fund's investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly-traded partnerships, may result in the Fund being subject to state, local, or non-U.S. income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
Taxation of RICs.  As a RIC, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, a Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its
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“investment company taxable income” (i.e., income other than its net realized long-term capital gain over its net realized short-term capital loss), plus or minus certain adjustments, and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. A Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders. If a Fund fails to qualify for any taxable year as a RIC or fails to meet the distribution requirement, all of its taxable income will be subject to tax at regular corporate income tax rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. In such event, distributions to individuals should be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income and distributions to corporate shareholders generally should be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Although each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and its capital gains for each taxable year, each Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a RIC. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the Fund had been liquidated) if it qualifies as a RIC in a subsequent year.
Excise Tax. A Fund will be subject to a 4% excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the 12 months ended October 31 of such year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by a Fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. Each Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of this 4% excise tax.
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards.  Net capital loss carryforwards may be applied against any net realized capital gains in each succeeding year, until they have been reduced to zero or until their respective expiration dates, whichever occurs first. Capital loss carryforwards from taxable years beginning after 2010 are not subject to expiration, and short-term and long-term capital loss carryforwards from such taxable years may only be applied against net realized short-term and long-term capital gains, respectively.
In the event that a Fund were to experience an ownership change as defined under the Internal Revenue Code, the Fund’s loss carryforwards and other favorable tax attributes of a Fund, if any, may be subject to limitation.
The following Funds had tax basis net capital loss carryforwards as of August 31, 2013, the tax year-end for the Funds listed:
Fund   Non-
Expiring1
  Expiring
2019
  Total
iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF   $ 5,043,213   $ 481,024   $ 5,524,237
iShares MSCI Australia Small-Cap ETF   42,151     42,151
iShares MSCI Canada Small-Cap ETF   38,743     38,743
iShares MSCI Denmark Capped ETF   13,707     13,707
iShares MSCI Finland Capped ETF   29,766     29,766
iShares MSCI Germany Small-Cap ETF   18,410     18,410
iShares MSCI Hong Kong Small-Cap ETF   22,644     22,644
iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF   2,747,678   20,329   2,768,007
iShares MSCI Ireland Capped ETF      
iShares MSCI New Zealand Capped ETF   3,025,776     3,025,776
iShares MSCI Norway Capped ETF   27,778     27,778
iShares MSCI Philippines ETF   1,838,808     1,838,808
iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF   9,299,876   5   9,299,881
iShares MSCI Singapore Small-Cap ETF   30,346     30,346
iShares MSCI United Kingdom Small-Cap ETF      

1
Must be utilized prior to losses subject to expiration.
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Taxation of U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends and other distributions by a Fund are generally treated under the Internal Revenue Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or distribution declared by a Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month shall be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year and to have been paid by the Fund not later than such December 31, provided such dividend is actually paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year.
Each Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if a Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.
Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that a Fund reports as capital gains dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. All other dividends of a Fund (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current and accumulated earnings and profits (“regular dividends”) are generally subject to tax as ordinary income, subject to the discussion of qualified dividend income below. Married couples filing jointly with income over approximately $450,000 and unmarried individuals with income over $400,000, amounts adjusted annually for inflation are subject to a 20% tax on any income in excess of those amounts that is long-term capital gain or qualified dividend income, and generally all other long-term capital gain is taxed at 15% (0% at certain income levels). In addition, the top marginal ordinary income tax rate is 39.6% for income in excess of the above thresholds, which are adjusted annually for inflation.
If an individual receives a regular dividend qualifying for the long-term capital gains rates and such dividend constitutes an “extraordinary dividend,” and the individual subsequently recognizes a loss on the sale or exchange of stock in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term capital loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An “extraordinary dividend” on common stock for this purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 10% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period, or (ii) in an amount greater than 20% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.
Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds shares of the Fund as capital assets). Distributions in excess of the Fund’s minimum distribution requirements, but not in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits, will be taxable to shareholders and will not constitute nontaxable returns of capital. Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount. Dividends paid by a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by a Fund from domestic corporations may qualify for the U.S. federal dividends received deduction for corporations.
A 3.8% U.S. federal Medicare contribution tax is imposed on net investment income, including, but not limited to, interest, dividends, and net gain from investments, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married and filing jointly) and of estates and trusts.
Investors considering buying shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them. If a Fund is the holder of record of any security on the record date for any dividends
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payable with respect to such security, such dividends will be included in the Fund’s gross income not as of the date received but as of the later of (a) the date such security became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends (i.e., the date on which a buyer of the security would not be entitled to receive the declared, but unpaid, dividends); or (b) the date the Fund acquired such security. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, a Fund may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.
In certain situations, a Fund may, for a taxable year, defer all or a portion of its net capital loss realized after October and its late-year ordinary loss (defined as the excess of a Fund’s post-October foreign currency and “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) losses and other post-December ordinary losses over post-October foreign currency and PFIC gains and other post-December ordinary income) until the next taxable year in computing its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, which will defer the recognition of such realized losses. Such deferrals and other rules regarding gains and losses realized after October (or December) may affect the tax character of shareholder distributions.
Sales of Shares.  Upon the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund. A redemption of shares by a Fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the Funds, by, or by an option on, substantially identical shares within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder with respect to such share. The Medicare contribution tax described above will apply to the sale of Fund shares.
If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of a Fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then, on or before January 31 of the following calendar year, acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain/loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis of the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents shareholders from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting their investments within a family of mutual funds.
Back-Up Withholding.  In certain cases, a Fund will be required to withhold at a 28% rate and remit to the U.S. Treasury such amounts withheld from any distributions paid to a shareholder who: (i) has failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number; (ii) is subject to back-up withholding by the IRS; (iii) has failed to certify to a Fund that such shareholder is not subject to back-up withholding; or (iv) has not certified that such shareholder is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). Back-up withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability.
Sections 351 and 362.  The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, has the right to reject an order for a purchase of shares of the Fund if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of a given Fund and if, pursuant to Sections 351 and 362 of the Internal Revenue Code, that Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. If a Fund’s basis in such securities on the date of deposit was less than market value on such date, the Fund, upon disposition of the securities, would recognize more taxable gain or less taxable loss than if its basis in the securities had been equal to market value. It is not anticipated that the Trust will exercise the right of rejection except in a case where the Trust determines that accepting the order could result in material adverse tax consequences to a Fund or its shareholders. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.
Taxation of Certain Derivatives. A Fund’s transactions in zero coupon securities, non-U.S. currencies, forward contracts, options and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on non-U.S. currencies), to the extent permitted, will be subject to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect
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whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require a Fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year) and (b) may cause a Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. Each Fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any zero coupon security, non-U.S. currency, forward contract, option, futures contract or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC.
A Fund’s investments in so-called “Section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most non-U.S. currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most security indexes, are subject to special tax rules. All Section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the Fund from positions in Section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the Fund.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, a Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. A Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, a Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.
Qualified Dividend Income.  Distributions by a Fund of investment company taxable income (including any short-term capital gains), whether received in cash or shares, will be taxable either as ordinary income or as qualified dividend income, which is eligible to be taxed at long-term capital gain rates to the extent a Fund receives qualified dividend income on the securities it holds and a Fund reports the distribution as qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable U.S. corporations (but generally not from U.S. REITs) and certain non-U.S. corporations (e.g., non-U.S. corporations that are not “passive foreign investment companies” and which are incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or the stock of which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States (where the dividends are paid with respect to such stock)). Under current IRS guidance, the United States has appropriate comprehensive income tax treaties with the following countries: Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China (but not with Hong Kong, which is treated as a separate jurisdiction for U.S. tax purposes), Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela. Substitute payments received by a Fund for securities lent out by a Fund will not be qualified dividend income.
A dividend from a Fund will not be treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that (i) the shareholder has not held the shares on which the dividend was paid for 61 days during the 121-day period that begins on the date that is 60 days before the date on which the shares become ex-dividend with respect to such dividend or a Fund fails to satisfy those holding period requirements with respect to the securities it holds that paid the dividends distributed to the shareholder (or, in the case of certain preferred stocks, the holding requirement of 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend); (ii) a Fund or the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property; or (iii) the shareholder elects to treat such dividend as investment income under Section 163(d)(4)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code. Dividends received by a Fund from a REIT or another RIC may be treated as qualified dividend income only to the extent the dividend distributions are attributable to qualified dividend income received by such REIT or other RIC. It is expected that dividends received by a Fund from a REIT and distributed to a
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shareholder generally will be taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income. Distributions by a Fund of its net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income.
If your Fund shares are loaned pursuant to securities lending arrangements, you may lose the ability to use any non-U.S. tax credits passed through by a Fund or to treat Fund dividends (paid while the shares are held by the borrower) as qualified dividends. Regarding a short sale with respect to shares of a Fund, substitute payments made to the lender of such shares may not be deductible under certain circumstances. Consult your financial intermediary or tax advisor.
Excess Inclusion Income.  Under current law, the Funds serve to block unrelated business taxable income from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize unrelated business taxable income by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. Certain types of income received by a Fund from REITs, real estate mortgage investment conduits, taxable mortgage pools or other investments may cause the Fund to report some or all of its distributions as “excess inclusion income.” To Fund shareholders, such excess inclusion income may (i) constitute taxable income, as unrelated business taxable income for those shareholders who would otherwise be tax-exempt such as individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, Keogh plans, pension plans and certain charitable entities; (ii) not be offset by otherwise allowable deductions for tax purposes; (iii) not be eligible for reduced U.S. withholding for non-U.S. shareholders even from tax treaty countries; and (iv) cause the Fund to be subject to tax if certain “disqualified organizations,” as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, are Fund shareholders. If a charitable remainder annuity trust or a charitable remainder unitrust (each as defined in Section 664 of the Internal Revenue Code) has unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) for a taxable year, a 100% excise tax on the UBTI is imposed on the trust.
Non-U.S. Investments.  Under Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time a Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a non-U.S. currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. In general, gains (and losses) realized on debt instruments will be treated as Section 988 gain (or loss) to the extent attributable to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which the instruments are denominated. Similarly, gains or losses on non-U.S. currency, non-U.S. currency forward contracts and certain non-U.S. currency options or futures contracts denominated in non-U.S. currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss unless the Fund were to elect otherwise.
Each Fund may be subject to non-U.S. income taxes withheld at the source. Each Fund, if permitted to do so, may elect to “pass through” to its investors the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid by the Fund provided that the Fund held the security on the dividend settlement date and for at least 15 additional days immediately before and/or thereafter, with the result that each investor with respect to shares of the Fund held for a minimum 16-day holding period at the time of deemed distribution will (i) include in gross income, even though not actually received, the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes, and (ii) either deduct (in calculating U.S. taxable income, but only for investors who itemize their deductions on their personal tax returns) or credit (in calculating U.S. federal income tax) the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes. A non-U.S. person invested in the Fund in a year that the Fund elects to “pass through” its non-U.S. taxes may be treated as receiving additional dividend income subject to U.S. withholding tax. A non-U.S. tax credit may not exceed the investor’s U.S. federal income tax otherwise payable with respect to the investor’s non-U.S. source income. For this purpose, shareholders must treat as non-U.S. source gross income (i) their proportionate shares of non-U.S. taxes paid by the Fund and (ii) the portion of any dividend paid by the Fund that represents income derived from non-U.S. sources; the Fund’s gain from the sale of securities will generally be treated as U.S.-source income. Certain limitations will be imposed to the extent to which the non-U.S. tax credit may be claimed.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies.  If a Fund purchases shares in PFICs, it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.
If a Fund were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Internal Revenue Code, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund might be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund, and such amounts would be
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subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. In order to make this election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain.
Alternatively, a Fund may make a mark-to-market election that would result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased its PFIC stock at the end of each year. In such case, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct any such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. The election must be made separately for each PFIC owned by the Fund and, once made, would be effective for all subsequent taxable years, unless revoked with the consent of the IRS. By making the election, the Fund could potentially ameliorate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax.
A Fund will make the appropriate tax elections, if possible, and take any additional steps that are necessary to mitigate the effects of these rules.
Reporting.  If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Taxes.  Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and non-U.S. taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends paid by a Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term capital gains. Dividends paid by a Fund from net tax-exempt income or long-term capital gains are generally not subject to such withholding tax. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to back-up withholding at the appropriate rate.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, properly-reported dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, the Fund’s U.S. source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income) or (ii) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable year). However, depending on its circumstances, the Fund may report all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, distributions that the Fund reports as “short-term capital gain dividends” or “long-term capital gain dividends” will not be treated as such to a recipient foreign shareholder if the distribution is attributable to gain received from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property or an interest in a U.S. real property holding corporation and the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property exceeded certain levels. Instead, if the foreign
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shareholder has not owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of distribution, such distributions will be subject to 30% withholding by the Fund and will be treated as ordinary dividends to the foreign shareholder; if the foreign shareholder owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of the distribution, such distribution will be treated as real property gain subject to 35% withholding tax and could subject the foreign shareholder to U.S. filing requirements. Additionally, if the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, a foreign shareholder realizing gains upon redemption from the Fund on or before December 31, 2013 could be subject to the 35% withholding tax and U.S. filing requirements unless more than 50% of the Fund’s shares were owned by U.S. persons at such time or unless the foreign person had not held more than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding shares throughout either such person’s holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years.
The rules laid out in the previous paragraph, other than the withholding rules, will apply notwithstanding the Fund’s participation in a wash sale transaction or its payment of a substitute dividend.
Provided that 50% or more of the value of the Fund’s stock is held by U.S. shareholders, distributions of U.S. real property interests (including securities in a U.S. real property holding corporation, unless such corporation is regularly traded on an established securities market and the Fund has held 5% or less of the outstanding shares of the corporation during the five-year period ending on the date of distribution) occurring on or before December 31, 2013, in redemption of a foreign shareholder’s shares of the Fund will cause the Fund to recognize gain. If the Fund is required to recognize gain, the amount of gain recognized will equal to the fair market value of such interests over the Fund’s adjusted bases to the extent of the greatest foreign ownership percentage of the Fund during the five-year period ending on the date of redemption.
A 30% withholding tax will be imposed on U.S.-source dividends, interest and other income items paid after June 30, 2014, and proceeds from the sale of property producing U.S.-source dividends and interest paid after December 31, 2016, to (i) foreign financial institutions, including non-U.S. investment funds, unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders; and (ii) certain other foreign entities, unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information, including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders; comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts; report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts; agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders that fail to provide the required information; and determine certain other information concerning their account holders, or (ii) in the event of an intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other foreign entities will need to provide the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership, unless certain exceptions apply.
Shares of a Fund held by a non-U.S. shareholder at death will be considered situated within the United States and subject to the U.S. estate tax.
The foregoing discussion is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations only and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of shares should consult their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of investing in such shares, including consequences under state, local and non-U.S. tax laws. Finally, the foregoing discussion is based on applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, judicial authority and administrative interpretations in effect on the date of this SAI. Changes in applicable authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed above, and such changes often occur.
Financial Statements
Each Fund's audited Financial Statements, including the Financial Highlights, appearing in the Annual Report to Shareholders and the report therein of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, are hereby incorporated by reference in this SAI. The applicable Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the referenced audited financial statements, is available upon request and without charge.
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Miscellaneous Information
Counsel. Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, located at 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019, is counsel to the Trust.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111, serves as the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, audits the Funds' financial statements, and may perform other services.
Shareholder Communications to the Board.  The Board has established a process for shareholders to communicate with the Board. Shareholders may contact the Board by mail. Correspondence should be addressed to iShares Board of Trustees, c/o BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. – Mutual Fund Administration, 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. Shareholder communications to the Board should include the following information: (i) the name and address of the shareholder; (ii) the number of shares owned by the shareholder; (iii) the Fund(s) of which the shareholder owns shares; and (iv) if these shares are owned indirectly through a broker, financial intermediary or other record owner, the name of the broker, financial intermediary or other record owner. All correspondence received as set forth above shall be reviewed by the Secretary of the Trust and reported to the Board.
Regulation Under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive.  The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”) imposes detailed and prescriptive obligations on fund managers established in the EU (“EU Operative Provisions”). These do not currently apply to managers established outside of the EU, such as BFA. Rather, non-EU managers are only required to comply with certain disclosure, reporting and transparency obligations of AIFMD (“AIFMD Disclosure Provisions”) if such managers market a fund to EU investors.
 Where the AIFMD Disclosure Provisions relate to EU Operative Provisions that do not apply to BFA, no meaningful disclosure can be made. These EU Operative Provisions include prescriptive rules on: measuring and capping leverage in line with known European standards; the treatment of investors; the use of 'depositaries'; and coverage for professional liability risks.
 AIFMD imposes certain conditions on the marketing of funds, such as the Funds, to EU investors. AIFMD requires that an ‘alternative investment fund manager’ (“AIFM”) be identified to meet such conditions where such marketing is sought. For these purposes BFA, as the legal entity responsible for performing the portfolio and risk management of the Funds, shall be the AIFM.
 AIFMD requires disclosure on an ongoing basis of certain information relating to the use of special arrangements, leverage, rights of reuse of collateral, guarantees granted under leverage arrangements and the use of gates, side pockets and similar liquidity management tools. Given that the Funds do not use any special arrangements or allow for collateral reuse, it is not intended that such disclosures will need to be made by the Funds. Each Fund will, however, to the extent relevant and appropriate, disclose in its annual report information on the Fund's leverage, risk profile and risk management systems employed by BFA. Each Fund will also disclose material changes, if any, to the liquidity management systems and procedures employed in respect of the Fund.
 BFA intends to market the following Fund to EU investors in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, and Luxembourg:
 iShares MSCI Philippines ETF
Investors’ Rights.  Each Fund relies on the services of its investment adviser and other service providers, including the distributor, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. Further information about the duties and roles of these service providers is set out in this SAI. Investors who acquire shares of a Fund are not parties to the relevant agreement with these service providers and do not have express contractual rights against the Fund or its service providers, except certain institutional investors that are Authorized Participants may have certain express contractual rights with respect to the Distributor under the terms of the relevant authorized participant agreement. Investors may have certain legal rights under federal or state law against a Fund or its service providers. In the event that an investor considers that it may have a claim against a Fund, or against any service provider in connection with its investment in the Fund, such investor should consult its own legal advisor.
By contract, Authorized Participants irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or U.S. federal court sitting in New York City over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the authorized participant
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agreement. Jurisdiction over other claims, whether by investors or Authorized Participants, will turn on the facts of the particular case and the law of the jurisdiction in which the proceeding is brought.
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IS-SAI-08T-0614


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iShares® Trust
Statement of Additional Information
Dated December 30, 2013
(as revised June 17, 2014)
This combined Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the current prospectuses (each, a “Prospectus” and collectively, the “Prospectuses”) for the following funds of iShares Trust (the “Trust”):
Fund   Ticker   Stock Exchange
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF   EWZS   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI China ETF   MCHI   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF   ECNS   NYSE Arca
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF   EEML   NASDAQ
iShares MSCI India ETF   INDA   BATS
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF   SMIN   BATS
The Prospectuses for the above-listed funds (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) are dated December 30, 2013, as amended and supplemented from time to time. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the applicable Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. The Financial Statements and Notes contained in the applicable Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report of the Trust for the Funds are incorporated by reference into and are deemed to be part of this SAI. A copy of each Prospectus, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report for each Fund may be obtained without charge by writing to the Trust's distributor, BlackRock Investments, LLC (the “Distributor” or “BRIL”), 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310, calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or visiting www.iShares.com. Each Fund's Prospectus is incorporated by reference into this SAI.
References to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act” or the “1940 Act”), or other applicable law, will include any rules promulgated thereunder and any guidance, interpretations or modifications by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, including court interpretations, and exemptive, no action or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
iShares® is a registered trademark of BlackRock, Inc. or its affiliates.


Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
General Description of the Trust and its Funds 1
Exchange Listing and Trading 1
Investment Strategies and Risks 2
Borrowing 3
Currency Transactions 3
Diversification Status 3
Futures and Options 4
Illiquid Securities 4
Lending Portfolio Securities 5
Non-U.S. Securities 6
Options on Futures Contracts 6
Regulation Regarding Derivatives 7
Repurchase Agreements 7
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 7
Securities of Investment Companies 8
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments 8
Swap Agreements 8
Tracking Stocks 8
Future Developments 8
General Considerations and Risks 9
Borrowing Risk 9
Custody Risk 9
Cyber Security Issues 9
Dividend Risk 9
Operational Risk 9
Risk of Derivatives 10
Risk of Equity Securities 10
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions 10
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities 11
Risk of Swap Agreements 11
Treaty/Tax Risk 11
Risk of Investing in Mid-Capitalization Companies 13
Risk of Investing in Small-Capitalization Companies 13
Risk of Investing in Asia 13
Risk of Investing in Brazil 14
Risk of Investing in China 15
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  Page
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets 15
Risk of Investing in India 17
Risk of Investing in Latin America 17
U.S. Economic Trading Partners Risk 18
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group 18
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector 18
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector 19
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector 19
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector 19
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector 20
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector 21
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector 22
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector 22
Proxy Voting Policy 22
Portfolio Holdings Information 23
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes 24
The MSCI Indexes 24
MSCI Brazil Small Cap Index 27
MSCI China Index 27
MSCI China Small Cap Index 27
MSCI Emerging Markets (EM) Latin America Index 27
MSCI India Index 27
MSCI India Small Cap Index 28
Investment Limitations 28
Continuous Offering 29
Management 30
Trustees and Officers 30
Committees of the Board of Trustees 37
Remuneration of Trustees 41
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities 42
Potential Conflicts of Interest 45
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services 51
Investment Adviser 51
Portfolio Managers 53
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  Page
Codes of Ethics 57
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements 57
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent 57
Subsidiary Administrator 57
Distributor 58
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates 59
Determination of Net Asset Value 60
Brokerage Transactions 62
Additional Information Concerning the Trust 66
Shares 66
Termination of the Trust or a Fund 67
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds 67
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units 68
General 68
Fund Deposit 68
Cash Purchase Method 69
Role of the Authorized Participant 69
Purchase Orders 70
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders 70
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units 70
Issuance of a Creation Unit 71
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions 71
Redemption of Creation Units 72
Cash Redemption Method 73
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions 73
Placement of Redemption Orders 73
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units 75
Regular Holidays 75
Redemptions 77
Taxes 78
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications 78
Taxation of RICs 78
Excise Tax 79
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards 79
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders 79
Sales of Shares 80
Back-Up Withholding 81
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General Description of the Trust and its Funds
The Trust currently consists of more than 235 investment series or portfolios. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on December 16, 1999 and is authorized to have multiple series or portfolios. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act. The offering of the Trust’s shares is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). This SAI relates to the following Funds:
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF1
iShares MSCI China ETF2
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF3
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF4
iShares MSCI India ETF5
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF6

1 Only July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Brazil Small Cap Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF.
2 Only July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI China Index Fund to the iShares MSCI China ETF.
3 Only July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI China Small Cap Index Fund to the iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF.
4 Only July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF.
5 Only July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI India Index Fund to the iShares MSCI India ETF.
6 Only July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI India Small Cap Index Fund to the iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF.
Each Fund is managed by BlackRock Fund Advisors (“BFA”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc., and generally seeks to track the investment results of the specific benchmark index identified in the applicable Prospectus for that Fund (each, an “Underlying Index”).
Each Fund offers and issues shares at their net asset value per share (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of shares (“Creation Unit”), generally in exchange for a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) included in the Underlying Index (the “Deposit Securities”), together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (the “Cash Component”). Shares of the Funds are listed and trade on The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (“NASDAQ”), NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca”) or BATS Exchange, Inc. (“BATS”), each a national securities exchange (“Listing Exchange”). Shares of each Fund are traded in the secondary market and elsewhere at market prices that may be at, above or below the Fund's NAV. Shares are redeemable only in Creation Units, and, generally, in exchange for portfolio securities and a Cash Component (other than the iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF, iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF, which currently redeem Creation Units of its shares solely for cash). Creation Units typically are a specified number of shares, generally ranging from 50,000 to 100,000 shares or multiples thereof.
The Trust reserves the right to permit or require that creations and redemptions of shares are effected fully or partially in cash. Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities, subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain with the Trust a cash deposit, equal to at least 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change from time to time, of the market value of the omitted Deposit Securities. See the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Transaction fees and other costs associated with creations or redemptions that include a cash portion may be higher than the transaction fees and other costs associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. In all cases, conditions and fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of SEC rules and regulations applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.
Exchange Listing and Trading
A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in each Fund is contained in the Shareholder Information section of each Fund's Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, that section of the applicable Prospectus.
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Shares of each Fund are listed for trading, and trade throughout the day, on the Listing Exchange and other secondary markets. Shares of the Funds may also be listed on certain non-U.S. exchanges. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Listing Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of shares of any Fund will continue to be met. The Listing Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the shares of a Fund from listing if (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of Fund shares, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of shares of the Fund for 30 or more consecutive trading days, (ii) the value of the Underlying Index on which a Fund is based is no longer calculated or available, (iii) the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available, or (iv) any other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Listing Exchange, makes further dealings on the Listing Exchange inadvisable. The Listing Exchange will also remove shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.
As in the case of other publicly-traded securities, when you buy or sell shares through a broker, you will incur a brokerage commission determined by that broker.
In order to provide additional information regarding the indicative value of shares of the Funds, the Listing Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, or through other widely disseminated means, an updated IOPV for the Funds as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Trust is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IOPVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IOPVs.
An IOPV has an equity securities component and a cash component. The equity securities values included in an IOPV are the values of the Deposit Securities for a Fund. While the IOPV reflects the current value of the Deposit Securities required to be deposited in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, it does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time because the current portfolio of the Fund may include securities that are not a part of the current Deposit Securities. Therefore, a Fund’s IOPV disseminated during the Listing Exchange trading hours should not be viewed as a real-time update of the Fund’s NAV, which is calculated only once a day.
The cash component included in an IOPV consists of estimated accrued interest, dividends and other income, less expenses. If applicable, each IOPV also reflects changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the applicable currency.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the share prices of the Funds in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Funds or an investor's equity interest in the Funds.
Investment Strategies and Risks
Each Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in securities issued by issuers that comprise its relevant Underlying Index and through transactions that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund operates as an index fund and will not be actively managed. Adverse performance of a security in a Fund’s portfolio will ordinarily not result in the elimination of the security from the Fund’s portfolio.
Each Fund engages in representative sampling, which is investing in a sample of securities selected by BFA to have a collective investment profile similar to that of the Fund's Underlying Index. Securities selected have aggregate investment characteristics (based on market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability, earnings valuation and yield) and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. A fund that uses representative sampling generally does not hold all of the securities that are in its underlying index.
Each of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF invests all its assets that are invested in Indian securities in a wholly owned subsidiary located in the Republic of Mauritius (each, a “Subsidiary” and collectively, the “Subsidiaries”). The remaining assets will be invested directly by each Fund. Each Subsidiary and Fund will collectively invest at least 80% of each Fund’s total assets in securities that comprise the relevant Underlying Index and in depositary receipts representing securities of the relevant Underlying Index. BFA will serve as investment adviser to both the Funds and the Subsidiaries. Unless otherwise indicated, references made in this SAI to the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF refer to each Subsidiary and/or each Fund, as applicable.
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Although the Funds do not seek leveraged returns, certain instruments used by the Funds may have a leveraging effect as described below.
Borrowing.  Each Fund may borrow as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemptions or to facilitate the settlement of securities or other transactions. Under normal market conditions, any borrowing by a Fund (except for the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF) will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s net assets; however, each Fund (except for the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF) generally does not intend to borrow money.
The purchase of securities while borrowings are outstanding may have the effect of leveraging a Fund. The incurrence of leverage increases a Fund’s exposure to risk, and borrowed funds are subject to interest costs that will reduce net income. Purchasing securities while borrowings are outstanding creates special risks, such as the potential for greater volatility in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the yield on a Fund’s portfolio. In addition, the interest expenses from borrowings may exceed the income generated by a Fund’s portfolio and, therefore, the amount available (if any) for distribution to shareholders as dividends may be reduced. BFA may determine to maintain outstanding borrowings if it expects that the benefits to a Fund’s shareholders will outweigh the current reduced return.
Certain types of borrowings by a Fund may result in a Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverage, portfolio composition requirements and other matters. It is not anticipated that observance of such covenants would impede BFA from managing a Fund’s portfolio in accordance with a Fund’s investment objectives and policies. However, a breach of any such covenants not cured within the specified cure period may result in acceleration of outstanding indebtedness and require a Fund to dispose of portfolio investments at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Currency Transactions. The Funds do not expect to engage in currency transactions for the purpose of hedging against declines in the value of the Funds' assets that are denominated in a non-U.S. currency. A Fund may enter into non-U.S. currency forward and non-U.S. currency futures contracts to facilitate local securities settlements or to protect against currency exposure in connection with its distributions to shareholders, but may not enter into such contracts for speculative purposes.
A forward currency contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract.
A currency futures contract is a contract involving an obligation to deliver or acquire the specified amount of a specific currency, at a specified price and at a specified future time. Currency futures contracts may be settled on a net cash payment basis rather than by the sale and delivery of the underlying currency. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
Foreign exchange transactions involve a significant degree of risk and the markets in which foreign exchange transactions are effected are highly volatile, highly specialized and highly technical. Significant changes, including changes in liquidity and prices, can occur in such markets within very short periods of time, often within minutes. Foreign exchange trading risks include, but are not limited to, exchange rate risk, counterparty risk, maturity gap, interest rate risk, and potential interference by foreign governments through regulation of local exchange markets, foreign investment or particular transactions in non-U.S. currency. If BFA utilizes foreign exchange transactions at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions, trends or correlations incorrectly, foreign exchange transactions may not serve their intended purpose of improving the correlation of a Fund's return with the performance of its Underlying Index and may lower the Fund’s return. Each Fund could experience losses if the value of its currency forwards, options and/or futures positions were poorly correlated with its other investments or if it could not close out its positions because of an illiquid market. In addition, a Fund could incur transaction costs, including trading commissions, in connection with certain non-U.S. currency transactions.
Diversification Status.  The following table sets forth the diversification status of each Fund:
Diversified Funds   Non-Diversified Funds
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF   iShares MSCI China ETF
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF   iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF
    iShares MSCI India ETF
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Diversified Funds   Non-Diversified Funds
    iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF
With respect to 75% of a Fund's total assets, a “diversified” fund is limited by the 1940 Act such that it does not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one issuer and does not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer (excluding cash and cash items, government securities, and securities of other investment companies). The remaining 25% of the fund’s total assets may be invested in any manner.
 A “non-diversified” fund is a fund that is not limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. The securities of a particular issuer (or securities of issuers in particular industries) may dominate the underlying index of such a fund and, consequently, the fund’s investment portfolio. This may adversely affect the fund’s performance or subject the fund’s shares to greater price volatility than that experienced by more diversified investment companies.
Each Fund intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”) and to relieve the Fund of any liability for U.S. federal income tax to the extent that its earnings are distributed to shareholders, provided that the Fund satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the Internal Revenue Code may limit the investment flexibility of the Funds and may make it less likely that the Funds will meet their respective investment objectives.
Futures and Options. Futures contracts and options may be used by a Fund to simulate investment in its Underlying Index, to facilitate trading or to reduce transaction costs. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts and options that are traded on a U.S. or non-U.S. exchange. Each Fund will not use futures or options for speculative purposes. Each Fund intends to use futures and options in accordance with Rule 4.5 of the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”). The Trust, with respect to each Fund, has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” in accordance with Rule 4.5 so that the Trust, with respect to each Fund, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific instrument or index at a specified future time and at a specified price. Stock index contracts are based on investments that reflect the market value of common stock of the firms included in the investments. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts to purchase securities indexes when BFA anticipates purchasing the underlying securities and believes prices will rise before the purchase will be made. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
A call option gives a holder the right to purchase a specific security at a specified price (“exercise price”) within a specified period of time. A put option gives a holder the right to sell a specific security at a specified exercise price within a specified period of time. The initial purchaser of a call option pays the “writer” a premium, which is paid at the time of purchase and is retained by the writer whether or not such option is exercised. Each Fund may purchase put options to hedge its portfolio against the risk of a decline in the market value of securities held and may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities it is committed to purchase. Each Fund may write put and call options along with a long position in options to increase its ability to hedge against a change in the market value of the securities it holds or is committed to purchase. Investments in futures contracts and other investments that contain leverage may require each Fund to maintain liquid assets. Generally, each Fund maintains an amount of liquid assets equal to its obligations relative to the position involved, adjusted daily on a marked-to-market basis. With respect to futures contracts that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” each Fund maintains liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market obligation (i.e., each Fund’s daily net liability, if any), rather than the contracts’ notional value (i.e., the value of the underlying asset). By maintaining assets equal to its net obligation under cash-settled futures contracts, each Fund may employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund set aside assets equal to the futures contracts’ full notional value. Each Fund bases its asset maintenance policies on methods permitted by the staff of the SEC and may modify these policies in the future to comply with any changes in the guidance articulated from time to time by the SEC or its staff.
Illiquid Securities. Each Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment). Illiquid securities may include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets, as determined in accordance with SEC staff guidance. The liquidity of a
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security relates to the ability to readily dispose of the security and the price to be obtained upon disposition of the security, which may be lower than would be obtained for a comparable more liquid security. Illiquid securities may trade at a discount to comparable, more liquid investments and may impair a Fund’s ability to dispose of investments in a timely fashion at their expected price.
Lending Portfolio Securities. Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain borrowers determined to be creditworthy by BFA, including borrowers affiliated with BFA. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned. No securities loan shall be made on behalf of a Fund if, as a result, the aggregate value of all securities loans of the particular Fund exceeds one-third of the value of such Fund's total assets (including the value of the collateral received). A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. Each Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower may be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Funds are compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, a Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of each lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, including those affiliated with BFA; such investments are subject to investment risk.
Each Fund conducts its securities lending pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC permitting it to lend portfolio securities to borrowers affiliated with the Fund and to retain an affiliate of the Fund as lending agent. To the extent that a Fund engages in securities lending, BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. (“BTC”) acts as securities lending agent for the Fund, subject to the overall supervision of BFA. BTC administers the lending program in accordance with guidelines approved by the Trust's Board of Trustees (the “Board” or the “Trustees”).
Each Fund retains a portion of the securities lending income and remits a remaining portion to BTC as compensation for its services as securities lending agent. Securities lending income is equal to the total of income earned from the reinvestment of cash collateral (and excludes collateral investment fees as defined below), and any fees or other payments to and from borrowers of securities. As securities lending agent, BTC bears all operational costs directly related to securities lending. Each Fund is responsible for fees in connection with the investment of cash collateral received for securities on loan in a money market fund managed by BFA; however, BTC has agreed to reduce the amount of securities lending income it receives in order to effectively limit the collateral investment fees the Fund bears to an annual rate of 0.04% until December 31, 2014 and 0.05% thereafter (the “collateral investment fees”). Such money market fund shares will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee.
Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement:
(i) International Equity Funds retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, commencing January 1, 2015 International Equity Funds will retain 70% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Under the securities lending program the Funds are categorized into specific asset classes. The determination of a Fund’s asset class category (fixed income, domestic equity, international equity or fund-of-funds), each of which may be subject to a different fee arrangement, is based on a methodology agreed to between the Trust and BTC.
In addition, commencing the business day following the date that the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (as defined under “ManagementTrustees and Officers”) in a calendar year exceeds the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex in calendar year 2013 (the “Hurdle Date”) (or lesser amount as may be agreed to by the Funds and BTC), each International Equity Fund, pursuant to the securities lending agreement, will receive for the remainder of that calendar year securities lending income as follows:
(i) 80% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees); however, for the remainder of the calendar year following any Hurdle Date after January 1, 2015, International Equity Funds will retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) these amounts can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
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Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees a Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, a Fund would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral or in recovering the loaned securities, or to a possible loss of rights in the collateral. In the event a borrower does not return a Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. This event could trigger adverse tax consequences for a Fund. A Fund could lose money if its short-term investment of the collateral declines in value over the period of the loan. Substitute payments for dividends received by a Fund for securities loaned out by the Fund will not be considered qualified dividend income. BTC will take into account the tax effects on shareholders of this difference in connection with a Fund’s securities lending program. Substitute payments received on tax-exempt securities loaned out will not be tax-exempt income.
Non-U.S. Securities. Each Fund intends to purchase publicly-traded common stocks of non-U.S. issuers. To the extent a Fund invests in stocks of non-U.S. issuers, certain of the Fund's investments in such stocks may be in the form of American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) (collectively, “Depositary Receipts”). Depositary Receipts are receipts, typically issued by a bank or trust issuer, which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For other forms of Depositary Receipts, the depository may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may be issued by a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer. Depositary Receipts are not necessarily denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs, issued in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, issued in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world.
The Funds will not invest in any unlisted Depositary Receipt or any Depositary Receipt that BFA deems illiquid at the time of purchase or for which pricing information is not readily available. In general, Depositary Receipts must be sponsored, but a Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts under certain limited circumstances. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States. Therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may be no correlation between available information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts.
Investing in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. issuers. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in non-U.S. countries, and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to less governmental regulation than U.S. issuers. Moreover, individual non-U.S. economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product (“GDP”), rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions.
Options on Futures Contracts. An option on a futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account that represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential for loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option plus transaction costs. Because the value of the option is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option changes daily and that change would be reflected in the NAV of each Fund. The potential for loss related to writing call options is unlimited. The potential for loss related to writing put options is limited to the agreed upon price per share, also known as the “strike price,” less the premium received from writing the put.
Each Fund may purchase and write put and call options on futures contracts that are traded on an exchange as a hedge against changes in value of its portfolio securities, or in anticipation of the purchase of securities, and may enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.
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Upon entering into a futures contract, a Fund will be required to deposit with the broker an amount of cash or cash equivalents known as “initial margin,” which is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract and is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, known as “variation margin,” to and from the broker will be made daily as the price of the instrument or index underlying the futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking-to-market.” At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, each Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate the Fund’s existing position in the contract.
Regulation Regarding Derivatives. Effective December 31, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) adopted certain regulatory changes that subject registered investment companies and advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a Fund invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or if a Fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent a Fund uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, BFA has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the CEA pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. BFA is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of such Fund.
Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an instrument under which the purchaser (i.e., a Fund) acquires the security and the seller agrees, at the time of the sale, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. If a repurchase agreement is construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities will not be considered to be owned by a Fund but only to constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price, and, in the event of a default by the seller, the Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or losses in connection with the disposition of the collateral.
In any repurchase transaction, the collateral for a repurchase agreement may include: (i) cash items; (ii) obligations issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities; or (iii) obligations that, at the time the repurchase agreement is entered into, are rated in the highest rating category generally by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”), or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by BFA. Collateral, however, is not limited to the foregoing and may include, for example, obligations rated below the highest category by NRSROs. Collateral for a repurchase agreement may also include securities that a Fund could not hold directly without the repurchase obligation. Irrespective of the type of collateral underlying the repurchase agreement, in the case of a repurchase agreement entered into by a non-money market fund, the repurchase obligation of a seller must be of comparable credit quality to securities that are rated in the highest two short-term credit rating categories by at least one NRSRO or, if unrated, deemed by BFA to be of equivalent quality.
Repurchase agreements pose certain risks for a Fund that utilizes them. Such risks are not unique to the Funds, but are inherent in repurchase agreements. The Funds seek to minimize such risks, but because of the inherent legal uncertainties involved in repurchase agreements, such risks cannot be eliminated. Lower quality collateral and collateral with longer maturities may be subject to greater price fluctuations than higher quality collateral and collateral with shorter maturities. If the repurchase agreement counterparty were to default, lower quality collateral may be more difficult to liquidate than higher quality collateral. Should the counterparty default and the amount of collateral not be sufficient to cover the counterparty’s repurchase obligation, a Fund would retain the status of an unsecured creditor of the counterparty (i.e., the position the Fund would normally be in if it were to hold, pursuant to its investment policies, other unsecured debt securities of the defaulting counterparty) with respect to the amount of the shortfall. As an unsecured creditor, a Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment and have the characteristics of borrowing. Generally, the effect of such transactions is that a Fund can recover all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the reverse repurchase agreement, while in many cases the Fund is able to keep some of the interest income associated with those securities. Such transactions are advantageous only if a Fund has an opportunity to earn a rate of interest on the cash derived from these transactions that is greater than the interest cost of obtaining the same amount of cash. Opportunities to realize earnings from the use of the proceeds equal to or greater than the interest required to be paid may not always be available and a Fund intends to use the reverse repurchase technique only when BFA believes it
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will be advantageous to the Fund. The use of reverse repurchase agreements may exaggerate any increase or decrease in the value of a Fund’s assets. A Fund’s exposure to reverse repurchase agreements will be covered by liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than such commitments. The use of reverse repurchase agreements is a form of leverage because the proceeds derived from reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities.
Securities of Investment Companies. Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies (including money market funds) to the extent allowed by law. Pursuant to the 1940 Act, a Fund’s investment in registered investment companies is generally limited to, subject to certain exceptions: (i) 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any one investment company; (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company; and (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to investment companies in the aggregate. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, each Fund intends from time to time to invest its assets in the securities of investment companies, including, but not limited to, money market funds, including those advised by or otherwise affiliated with BFA, in excess of the general limits discussed above. Other investment companies in which a Fund may invest can be expected to incur fees and expenses for operations, such as investment advisory and administration fees, which would be in addition to those incurred by the Fund.
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments. Each Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds (including those advised by BFA or otherwise affiliated with BFA); (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed-time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. banks (including non-U.S. branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated, at the date of purchase, “Prime-1” by Moody's® Investors Service, Inc., “F-1” by Fitch Ratings, Inc., or “A-1” by Standard & Poor's® Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. (“Standard & Poor's Ratings Services”), or if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by BFA; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; (vi) repurchase agreements; and (vii) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of non-U.S. banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of BFA, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by a Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or forward-settled basis. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
Swap Agreements. Swap agreements are contracts between parties in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on the change in market value or level of a specified rate, index or asset. In return, the other party agrees to make periodic payments to the first party based on the return of a different specified rate, index or asset. Swap agreements will usually be performed on a net basis, with a Fund receiving or paying only the net amount of the two payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap is accrued on a daily basis and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained by the Fund.
The use of interest rate and index swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. These transactions generally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal.
Tracking Stocks. A tracking stock is a separate class of common stock whose value is linked to a specific business unit or operating division within a larger company and is designed to “track” the performance of such business unit or division. The tracking stock may pay dividends to shareholders independent of the parent company. The parent company, rather than the business unit or division, generally is the issuer of tracking stock. However, holders of the tracking stock may not have the same rights as holders of the company’s common stock.
Future Developments. The Board may, in the future, authorize a Fund to invest in securities contracts and investments, other than those listed in this SAI and in the applicable Prospectuses, provided they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and do not violate any of its investment restrictions or policies.
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General Considerations and Risks
A discussion of some of the principal risks associated with an investment in a Fund is contained in the applicable Prospectus.
An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers of the portfolio securities, the value of stocks in general, and other factors that affect the market.
Borrowing Risk.  Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the return on a Fund’s portfolio. Borrowing will cost a Fund interest expense and other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce a Fund’s return. Borrowing may cause a Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations.
Custody Risk.  Custody risk refers to the risks inherent in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of their local markets, and thus may be subject to limited or no government oversight. Communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Practices in relation to the settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because of the use of brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result in ownership registration being lost. In addition, the laws of certain countries may put limits on a Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or an agent of any of the foregoing goes bankrupt. A Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such custody problems and may have no successful claim for compensation.
Cyber Security Issues. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, each Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cyber security failures or breaches by a Fund’s third party service providers (including, but not limited to, index providers, fund accountants and transfer agents), market makers, Authorized Participants (as defined in the Portfolio Holdings Information section of this SAI) and the issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Funds have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Funds cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by issuers in which the Funds invest, market makers or Authorized Participants. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Dividend Risk. There is no guarantee that issuers of the stocks held by a Fund will declare dividends in the future or that, if declared, they will either remain at specific levels or increase over time.
Operational Risk. BFA and a Fund’s other service providers may experience disruptions or operating errors that could negatively impact the Funds. While service providers are required to have appropriate operational risk management policies and procedures, their methods of operational risk management may differ from the Funds' in the setting of priorities, the personnel and resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. BlackRock, through its monitoring and oversight of service providers, seeks to ensure that service providers take appropriate precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to disruptions and operating errors. However, it is not possible for BlackRock or the other Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects.
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Risk of Derivatives. A derivative is a financial contract, the value of which depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, a commodity (such as gold or silver), a currency or an index (a measure of value or rates, such as the S&P 500 Index or the prime lending rate). A Fund may invest in stock index futures contracts and other derivatives. Compared to conventional securities, derivatives can be more sensitive to changes in interest rates or to sudden fluctuations in market prices and thus a Fund’s losses may be greater if it invests in derivatives than if it invests only in conventional securities. Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations.
Risk of Equity Securities. An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in equity securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of stock markets may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the portfolio securities and thus in the value of shares of the Fund). Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to increases and decreases in value as market confidence and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies, inflation and interest rates, economic expansion or contraction, and global or regional political, economic or banking crises. Holders of common stocks incur more risks than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders generally have rights to receive payments from stock issuers that are inferior to the rights of creditors, or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (the value of which, however, is subject to market fluctuations prior to maturity), or preferred stocks, which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity.
Although most of the securities in each Underlying Index are listed on a national securities exchange, the principal trading market for some of the securities may be in the over-the-counter market. The existence of a liquid trading market for certain securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made or maintained or that any such market will be or remain liquid. The price at which securities may be sold and the value of a Fund’s shares will be adversely affected if trading markets for the Fund’s portfolio securities are limited or absent, or if bid/ask spreads are wide.
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions. There are several risks accompanying the utilization of futures contracts and options on futures contracts. A position in futures contracts and options on futures contracts may be closed only on the exchange on which the contract was made (or a linked exchange). While each Fund plans to utilize futures contracts only if an active market exists for such contracts, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist for the contract at a specified time. Futures contracts, by definition, project price levels in the future and not current levels of valuation; therefore, market circumstances may result in a discrepancy between the price of the stock index future and the movement in a Fund's Underlying Index. In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, a Fund may be required to deliver the instruments underlying the futures contracts it has sold.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts or uncovered call options in some strategies (e.g., selling uncovered stock index futures contracts) is potentially unlimited. The Funds do not plan to use futures and options contracts in this way. The risk of a futures position may still be large as traditionally measured due to the low margin deposits required. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit. The Funds, however, intend to utilize futures and options contracts in a manner designed to limit their risk exposure to levels comparable to a direct investment in the types of stocks in which they invest.
Utilization of futures and options on futures by a Fund involves the risk of imperfect or even negative correlation to its Underlying Index if the index underlying the futures contract differs from the Underlying Index. There is also the risk of loss of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in the futures contract or option. The purchase of put or call options will be based upon predictions by BFA as to anticipated trends, which predictions could prove to be incorrect.
Because the futures market generally imposes less burdensome margin requirements than the securities market, an increased amount of participation by speculators in the futures market could result in price fluctuations. Certain financial
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futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount by which the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting each Fund to substantial losses. In the event of adverse price movements, each Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities.  An investment in a Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in a portfolio of equity securities traded on foreign exchanges. These risks include market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices. Investing in securities issued by issuers domiciled in countries other than the domicile of the investor and denominated in currencies other than an investor’s local currency entails certain considerations and risks not typically encountered by the investor in making investments in its home country and in that country’s currency. These considerations include favorable or unfavorable changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations and the costs that may be incurred in connection with conversions between various currencies. Investing in any of these Funds also involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in a fund whose portfolio contains exclusively securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include generally less liquid and less efficient securities markets; generally greater price volatility; less publicly available information about issuers; the imposition of withholding or other taxes; the imposition of restrictions on the expatriation of funds or other assets of the Funds; higher transaction and custody costs; delays and risks attendant in settlement procedures; difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations; lower liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization; different accounting and disclosure standards; lower levels of regulation of the securities markets; more substantial government interference with the economy; higher rates of inflation; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty; the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets; and the risk of war.
Risk of Swap Agreements. The risk of loss with respect to swaps generally is limited to the net amount of payments that a Fund is contractually obligated to make. Swap agreements are subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will default on its obligations. If such a default occurs, a Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect such Fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g., a Fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive).
Treaty/Tax Risk. Each of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF operate, in part, through the Subsidiaries, which in turn invest in securities of Indian issuers. At this time, the Subsidiaries should be eligible to take advantage of the benefits of the Double Tax Avoidance Agreement between India and Mauritius (“DTAA”). Numerous investors have relied on the benefits of the DTAA to invest in India through Mauritius in the past. However, in the past 10-15 years a number of parties have challenged the DTAA or the interpretation of the DTAA. Circular 789, issued on April 13, 2000 by the Indian Central Board of Direct Taxes (“CBDT”), clarifies that whenever the Mauritius revenue authorities have issued a certificate of tax residence, such certificate would constitute sufficient evidence for accepting the status of residence of Mauritius tax residents for purposes of applying the provisions of the DTAA. The Supreme Court of India in 2003 subsequently held and declared Circular 789 to be valid following litigation regarding Circular 789. As of the date of this SAI, Circular 789 is still valid and in force.
However, recently issued rulings suggest that the Indian tax administration’s analysis may have changed, and that the tax authorities may now focus on a number of factors when assessing whether a foreign entity is eligible for the benefit of the provisions of a tax treaty, including, among others, the place of management of the foreign resident company and the level of substance in the jurisdiction in which it is incorporated. In addition, both the Indian tax administration and Indian courts seem now to be taking aggressive efforts to challenge structures involving offshore funds investing directly or indirectly in India, in particular those from Mauritius. Further, the Finance Act, 2013 (“FA 13”) provides that an investor is required to submit the tax residency certificate (“TRC”) as issued in the country of residence and provide other documents and information as prescribed by the Government of India to claim benefits under the DTAA.
It is possible that the governments of India and Mauritius may renegotiate the terms of the DTAA to include, among other things, a limitation of benefit clause. No assurance can be given that the terms of the DTAA will not be renegotiated or subject to a different interpretation in the future. Any change in the provisions of the DTAA or in its applicability to the Subsidiaries could result in the imposition of withholding and capital gains taxes and other taxes on the Subsidiaries by tax
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authorities in India. This could significantly reduce the return to each of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF on its investments and the return received by each Fund’s shareholders.
Indian Tax Risk. In 2010, it was proposed that the Income Tax Act (“IT Act”) may be replaced with the Direct Taxes Code. The Parliamentary Standing Committee released its comments on the draft Direct Taxes Code on March 9, 2012, which is under consideration by the Government of India. The revised Direct Taxes Code is yet to be tabled before the Parliament to reconsider.
Given the delay in enacting the Direct Taxes Code, the Government of India, through the Finance Act 2012 (“FA 12”), which was enacted on May 28, 2012, had introduced certain key changes to the existing tax framework in India. FA 12 has provisions that impose Indian tax and withholding obligations with respect to the transfer of shares in an overseas company that derives its value substantially from assets situated in India (“indirect transfers”). Because certain Funds invest in Indian securities through Subsidiaries, this legislation by its terms subjects shareholder redemptions of Fund shares and sales of Fund investments to Indian tax and withholding obligations, both prospectively as well as retroactively. However, the CBDT issued a letter on May 29, 2012 clarifying the reopening of completed assessments as a result of the retrospective amendments introduced by the Finance Act. Under this letter, CBDT has directed Indian tax authorities to not reopen any assessment proceedings that were completed before April 1, 2012 and where no notice for reassessment has been issued prior to that date. It has also been clarified that any assessment or any other order which stands validated due to the amendments in the Finance Act would be enforced. Given this clarification issued by the CBDT, certain Funds do not expect that their respective shareholders or each Fund will become subject to tax or to withholding obligations with respect to completed assessments.
An Expert Committee formed by Government of India was constituted to examine the implications of the above amendment, which provides for taxing indirect transfer of Indian assets in India. Based on the consultations received from stakeholders, the Expert Committee in its report has recommended that the above deemed provisions should not apply in the following cases:
where a non-resident investor has made any investment, directly or indirectly, in a Foreign Institutional Investor (“FII”) which has invested in India;
investment by the non-resident investor in a fund or a fund pooling vehicle, which do not result in participation in control and management of the fund;
where a non-resident investor along with its associates, does not have more than 26% share in total capital of the company.
Accordingly, the Expert Committee has recommended that the non-resident will not be taxable in India in relation to investments made by the Fund/ FII in India in the above situations.
The Expert Committee has also recommended that amendments should be applied prospectively and not retrospectively.
If the recommendations made by the Expert Committee are accepted by the Government of India then the non-resident shareholders of the Fund/ Subsidiary would not be taxed in India on indirect transfer of shares.
However, the above amendment does not override the provisions of DTAA which India has entered into with many countries. Hence, if the non-resident investor in the Fund is situated in a favorable tax jurisdiction (such as Mauritius, Singapore, etc.), then capital gains on such indirect transfer may not be chargeable to tax in view of the DTAA entered into between India and respective countries.
In addition, FA 12 had introduced the general tax anti-avoidance rules (“GAAR”) to curb aggressive tax planning with the use of sophisticated structures and was to be effective from April 1, 2013. Based on recommendations of the Expert Committee on GAAR established by the Government of India, FA 13 (which was enacted on May 10, 2013) has deferred the implementation of GAAR by two years and has also made some changes to the provisions of GAAR. GAAR would be now effective from financial year beginning from April 1, 2015 onwards.
As per the current provisions of GAAR, an arrangement entered into by a taxpayer may be declared to be an impermissible avoidance arrangement, if the ‘main purpose’ of the arrangement is to obtain a ‘tax benefit’ and the arrangement:
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creates rights, or obligations, which are not ordinarily created between persons dealing at arm's length;
results, directly or indirectly, in the misuse, or abuse, of the provisions of IT Act;
lacks commercial substance; or
is entered into, or carried out, by means, or in a manner, which are not ordinarily employed for bona fide purposes.
Once an arrangement is declared to be an impermissible avoidance arrangement, wide powers have been granted to tax authorities to deny tax treaty benefits, disregard or re-characterize transactions, re-characterize equity into debt and vice versa.
Further, certain recommendations of the Expert Committee were accepted by the Government of India vide Press Release dated January 14, 2013 but the same have not been incorporated in the legislation. This includes a provision for grandfathering of existing investments, minimum monetary threshold of 30 million Indian Rupees tax benefit for invoking GAAR, non-application of GAAR to non-resident investors of the FIIs and FIIs who do not take benefits under DTAAs, etc. Also, the Expert Committee has recommended that where Circular No. 789 of 2000 with respect to Mauritius is applicable, GAAR provisions shall not apply to examine the genuineness of the residency of an entity set up in Mauritius. However, the Indian Government has not given any comment either accepting or rejecting the aforesaid recommendation on acceptability of Circular No. 789 of 2000 vis-à-vis GAAR.
If the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF's use of the Subsidiary was considered to be such an impermissible avoidance arrangement, the Funds would become subject directly to taxation in India. GAAR is expected to come into force from April 2013. The burden of proof in enforcing the rule will reside with the Indian government, not the taxpayer, and India’s current double tax treaty arrangements will remain in force. However, GAAR may prevent the Funds from realizing the planned tax benefits of the Subsidiaries, irrespective of existing beneficial treaty provisions, may lead to the imposition of tax liabilities and withholding obligations, and may lead the Funds to modify or disassemble their Subsidiaries structure.
Provisions of the current legislation and the Direct Taxes Code (if enacted), could change the manner in which Subsidiaries are currently taxed in India and could adversely impact the returns to each of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF/Subsidiaries and its shareholders. Each of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF will continue to monitor developments in India with respect to these matters. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to their own tax situations and the tax consequences of an investment in each of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF.
Risk of Investing in Mid-Capitalization Companies. Stock prices of mid-capitalization companies may be more volatile than those of large-capitalization companies and, therefore, a Fund’s share price may be more volatile than those of funds that invest a larger percentage of their assets in stocks issued by large-capitalization companies. Stock prices of mid-capitalization companies are also more vulnerable than those of large-capitalization companies to adverse business or economic developments, and the stocks of mid-capitalization companies may be less liquid, making it more difficult for the Funds to buy and sell them. In addition, mid-capitalization companies generally have less diverse product lines than large-capitalization companies and are more susceptible to adverse developments related to their products.
Risk of Investing in Small-Capitalization Companies. Stock prices of small-capitalization companies may be more volatile than those of larger companies and therefore a Fund's share price may be more volatile than those of funds that invest a larger percentage of their assets in stocks issued by large-capitalization companies. Stock prices of small-capitalization companies are generally more vulnerable than those of large-capitalization companies to adverse business and economic developments. The stocks of small-capitalization companies may be thinly traded, making it difficult for the Funds to buy and sell them. In addition, small-capitalization companies are typically less financially stable than larger, more established companies and may depend on a small number of essential personnel, making them more vulnerable to loss of personnel. Small-capitalization companies also normally have less diverse product lines than those of large-capitalization companies and are more susceptible to adverse developments concerning their products.
Risk of Investing in Asia.  Investments in securities of issuers in certain Asian countries involve risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in other regions. Such heightened risks include, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in
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governmental decision-making, armed conflict and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socio-economic unrest. Many Asian economies have experienced rapid rates of economic growth and industrialization in recent years, and there is no assurance that these rates of economic growth and industrialization will be maintained.
Certain Asian countries have democracies with relatively short histories, which may increase the risk of political instability. These countries have faced political and military unrest, and further unrest could present a risk to their local economies and securities markets. Indonesia and the Philippines have each experienced violence and terrorism, which has negatively impacted their economies. North Korea and South Korea each have substantial military capabilities, and historical tensions between the two countries present the risk of war; in the recent past, these tensions have escalated. Any outbreak of hostilities between the two countries could have a severe adverse effect on the South Korean economy and securities market. Increased political and social unrest in these geographic areas could adversely affect the performance of investments in this region.
Certain governments in this region administer prices on several basic goods, including fuel and electricity, within their respective countries. Certain governments may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector in their respective countries and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in this region, which in turn could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments adversely affecting investments in the region.
Corruption and the perceived lack of a rule of law in dealings with international companies in certain Asian countries may discourage foreign investment and could negatively impact the long-term growth of certain economies in this region. In addition, certain countries in the region are experiencing high unemployment and corruption, and have fragile banking sectors.
Some economies in this region are dependent on a range of commodities, including oil, natural gas and coal. Accordingly, they are strongly affected by international commodity prices and particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products. The market for securities in this region may also be directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and by the economic and market conditions of neighboring countries. Adverse economic conditions or developments in neighboring countries may increase investors' perception of the risk of investing in the region as a whole, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by companies in the region.
Risk of Investing in Brazil.  Investment in securities of companies domiciled in Brazil involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the U.S. securities markets. Such heightened risks include, among others, a high level of price volatility in the Brazilian equity and currency markets, chronic structural public sector deficits and disparities of wealth.
Brazil has historically experienced high rates of inflation and may continue to do so in the future. An increase in prices for commodities, the depreciation of the Brazilian currency (the real) and potential future governmental measures seeking to maintain the value of the real in relation to the U.S. dollar, may trigger increases in inflation in Brazil and may slow the rate of growth of the Brazilian economy. Inflationary pressures also may limit the ability of certain Brazilian issuers to access foreign financial markets and may lead to further government intervention in the economy, including the introduction of government policies that may adversely affect the overall performance of the Brazilian economy, which in turn could adversely affect a Fund's investments.
The Brazilian government has exercised, and continues to exercise, significant influence over the Brazilian economy, which may have significant effects on Brazilian companies and on market conditions and prices of Brazilian securities. The Brazilian economy has been characterized by frequent, and occasionally drastic, intervention by the Brazilian government. The Brazilian government has often changed monetary, taxation, credit, tariff and other policies to influence the core of Brazil’s economy. The Brazilian government’s actions to control inflation and affect other economic policies have involved, among others, the setting of wage and price controls, blocking access to bank accounts, fluctuation of the base interest rates, imposing exchange controls and limiting imports into Brazil. In the past, the Brazilian government has maintained domestic price controls, and no assurances can be given that price controls will not be re-imposed in the future.
Investments in Brazilian securities may be subject to certain restrictions on foreign investment. Brazilian law provides that whenever a serious imbalance in Brazil’s balance of payments exists or is anticipated, the Brazilian government may impose temporary restrictions on the remittance to foreign investors of the proceeds of their investment in Brazil and on the conversion of Brazilian currency into foreign currency. The likelihood of such restrictions may be affected by the extent of
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Brazil’s foreign currency reserves, the size of Brazil’s debt service burden relative to the economy as a whole, and political constraints to which Brazil may be subject. There can be no assurance that the Brazilian government will not impose restrictions or restrictive exchange control policies in the future, which could have the effect of preventing or restricting access to foreign currency.
The market for Brazilian securities is directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and economic and market conditions of certain countries, especially other emerging market countries in Central and South America. Adverse economic conditions or developments in other emerging market countries have at times significantly affected the availability of credit in the Brazilian economy and resulted in considerable outflows of funds and declines in the amount of foreign currency invested in Brazil. Crisis in neighboring emerging market countries also may increase investors’ risk aversion, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by Brazilian companies, including securities in which a Fund may invest.
Risk of Investing in China.  Investments in securities of companies domiciled in China involve a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in the U.S. securities markets. Such heightened risks include, among others, an authoritarian government, popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic and social conditions, the impact of regional conflict on the economy and hostile relations with neighboring countries.
Military conflicts, either in response to internal social unrest or conflicts with other countries, could disrupt economic development. The Chinese economy is vulnerable to the long-running disagreements with Hong Kong related to integration and religious and nationalist disputes with Tibet. China has a complex territorial dispute regarding the sovereignty of Taiwan that has included threats of invasion; Taiwan-based companies and individuals are significant investors in China. Military conflict between China and Taiwan may adversely affect securities of Chinese issuers. In addition, China has strained international relations with Japan, India, Russia and other neighbors due to territorial disputes, historical animosities and other defense concerns. China could be affected by military events on the Korean peninsula or internal instability within North Korea. These situations may cause uncertainty in the Chinese market and may adversely affect performance of the Chinese economy.
The Chinese government has implemented significant economic reforms in order to liberalize trade policy, promote foreign investment in the economy, reduce government control of the economy and develop market mechanisms. But there can be no assurance that these reforms will continue or that they will be effective. Despite reforms and privatizations of companies in certain sectors, the Chinese government still exercises substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector and may own or control many companies. The Chinese government continues to maintain a major role in economic policy making and investing in China involves risk of loss due to expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and on repatriation of capital invested. In addition, there is less regulation and monitoring of Chinese securities markets and the activities of investors, brokers and other participants than in the United States. Accordingly, issuers of securities in China are not subject to the same degree of regulation as are U.S. issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, tender offer regulation, stockholder proxy requirements and the requirements mandating timely and accurate disclosure of information. Stock markets in China are in the process of change and further development. This may lead to trading volatility, difficulty in the settlement and recording of transactions and difficulty in interpreting and applying the relevant regulation.
While the Chinese economy has grown rapidly in recent years, there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. China may experience substantial rates of inflation or economic recessions, causing a negative effect on the economy and securities market. China’s economy is heavily dependent on export growth. Reduction in spending on Chinese products and services, institution of tariffs or other trade barriers or a downturn in any of the economies of China’s key trading partners may have an adverse impact on the securities of Chinese issuers.
The tax laws and regulations in the People's Republic of China (“PRC”) are subject to change, including the issuance of authoritative guidance or enforcement, possibly with retroactive effect. The interpretation, applicability and enforcement of such laws by PRC tax authorities are not as consistent and transparent as those of more developed nations, and may vary over time and from region to region. The application and enforcement of PRC tax rules could have a significant adverse effect on a Fund and its investors, particularly in relation to capital gains withholding tax imposed upon non-residents.
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets.  Investments in emerging market countries may be subject to greater risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include: (i) less social, political, and economic stability; (ii) greater illiquidity and price volatility due to smaller or limited local capital markets for such securities, or low or non-existent trading volumes; (iii) foreign exchanges and broker-dealers may be subject to less scrutiny and regulation by local authorities; (iv) local
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governments may decide to seize or confiscate securities held by foreign investors and/or local governments may decide to suspend or limit an issuer's ability to make dividend or interest payments; (v) local governments may limit or entirely restrict repatriation of invested capital, profits, and dividends; (vi) capital gains may be subject to local taxation, including on a retroactive basis; (vii) issuers facing restrictions on dollar or euro payments imposed by local governments may attempt to make dividend or interest payments to foreign investors in the local currency; (viii) investors may experience difficulty in enforcing legal claims related to the securities and/or local judges may favor the interests of the issuer over those of foreign investors; (ix) bankruptcy judgments may only be permitted to be paid in the local currency; (x) limited public information regarding the issuer may result in greater difficulty in determining market valuations of the securities, and (xi) lax financial reporting on a regular basis, substandard disclosure and differences in accounting standards may make it difficult to ascertain the financial health of an issuer.
Emerging market securities markets are typically marked by a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of ownership of such securities by a limited number of investors. In addition, brokerage and other costs associated with transactions in emerging markets securities markets can be higher, sometimes significantly, than similar costs incurred in securities markets in developed countries. Although some emerging markets have become more established and tend to issue securities of higher credit quality, the markets for securities in other emerging countries are in the earliest stages of their development, and these countries issue securities across the credit spectrum. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in emerging countries may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the securities markets of developed countries. The limited size of many of these securities markets can cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, prices may be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions in these markets. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity of such markets. The limited liquidity of emerging country securities may also affect a Fund's ability to accurately value its portfolio securities or to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so or in order to meet redemption requests.
Many emerging market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Sudden changes in governments may result in policies which are less favorable to investors such as policies designed to expropriate or nationalize “sovereign” assets. Certain emerging market countries in the past have expropriated large amounts of private property, in many cases with little or no compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future.
Investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit a Fund's investment in certain emerging countries and may increase the expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer's outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals.
Many emerging market countries lack the social, political, and economic stability characteristic of the United States. Political instability among emerging market countries can be common and may be caused by an uneven distribution of wealth, social unrest, labor strikes, civil wars, and religious oppression. Economic instability in emerging market countries may take the form of: (i) high interest rates; (ii) high levels of inflation, including hyperinflation; (iii) high levels of unemployment or underemployment; (iv) changes in government economic and tax policies, including confiscatory taxation; and (v) imposition of trade barriers.
A Fund's income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the emerging market countries in which it invests, and treaties between the United States and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates.
Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain of these emerging markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions.
In the past, certain governments in emerging market countries have become overly reliant on the international capital markets and other forms of foreign credit to finance large public spending programs, which in the past have caused huge
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budget deficits. Often, interest payments have become too overwhelming for a government to meet, representing a large percentage of total GDP. These foreign obligations have become the subject of political debate and served as fuel for political parties of the opposition, which pressure the government not to make payments to foreign creditors, but instead to use these funds for, among other things, social programs. Either due to an inability to pay or submission to political pressure, foreign governments have been forced to seek a restructuring of their loan and/or bond obligations, have declared a temporary suspension of interest payments or have defaulted. These events have adversely affected the values of securities issued by foreign governments and corporations domiciled in those countries and have negatively affected not only their cost of borrowing, but their ability to borrow in the future as well.
Risk of Investing in India.  India is an emerging market and demonstrates significantly higher volatility from time to time in comparison to more developed markets. Political, religious, and border disputes persist in India. India has recently experienced and may continue to experience civil unrest and hostilities with certain of its neighboring countries, including Pakistan, and the Indian government has confronted separatist movements in several Indian states, including Kashmir. Government control over the economy, currency fluctuations or blockage, and the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets offer higher potential for losses. Governmental actions could have a negative effect on the economic conditions in India, which could adversely affect the value and liquidity of investments made by a Fund. The securities markets in India are comparatively underdeveloped and with some exceptions, consist of a small number of listed companies with small market capitalization, greater price volatility and substantially less liquidity than companies in more developed markets. Stockbrokers and other intermediaries in India may not perform as well as their counterparts in the United States or other, more developed countries. The limited liquidity of the Indian securities markets may also affect a Fund’s ability to acquire or dispose of securities at the price or time that it desires or the Fund’s ability to track its Underlying Index.
Global factors and foreign actions may inhibit the flow of foreign capital on which India is dependent to sustain its growth. In addition, the Reserve Bank of India has imposed limits on foreign ownership of Indian companies, which may decrease the liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio and result in extreme volatility in the prices of Indian securities. These factors, coupled with the lack of extensive accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices, as applicable in the United States, may increase the risk of loss for a Fund.
Securities laws in India are relatively new and unsettled and, as a result, there is a risk of significant and unpredictable change in laws governing foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and shareholder rights. Foreign investors in particular may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations. Certain Indian regulatory approvals, including approvals from the Securities and Exchange Board of India, the central government and the tax authorities (to the extent that tax benefits need to be utilized), may be required before a Fund can make investments in Indian companies.
Technology and software sectors represent a significant portion of the total capitalization of the Indian securities markets. The value of these companies will generally fluctuate in response to technological and regulatory developments, and, as a result, a Fund’s holdings are expected to experience correlated fluctuations.
Natural disasters, such as tsunamis, flooding or droughts, could occur in India, Mauritius or surrounding areas and could negatively affect the Indian economy or operations of a Subsidiary, and, in turn, could negatively affect a Fund.
Risk of Investing in Latin America.  A number of Latin American countries are among the largest debtors of developing countries and have a long history of foreign debt and default. In 2001, Argentina defaulted on its debt and many investors suffered significant losses.
The majority of the region's economies have become highly dependent upon foreign credit and loans from external sources to fuel their state-sponsored economic plans. Historically, government profligacy and ill-conceived plans for modernization have exhausted these resources with little benefit accruing to the economy. Most countries have been forced to restructure their loans or risk default on their debt obligations. In addition, interest on the debt is subject to market conditions and may reach levels that would impair economic activity and create a difficult and costly environment for borrowers. Accordingly, these governments may be forced to reschedule or freeze their debt repayment, which could negatively affect local markets. Because of their dependence on foreign credit and loans, a number of Latin American economies face significant economic difficulties and some economies fell into recession as the recent global economic crisis tightened international credit supplies. While the region has recently shown signs of economic improvement, recovery from past economic downturns in Latin America has historically been slow, and any such recovery, if sustained, may be gradual.
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Substantial limitations may exist in certain Latin American countries with respect to a Fund’s ability to repatriate investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities. A Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments and difficulties in enforcing legal judgments in non-U.S. courts. Legal remedies available to investors in certain Latin American countries may be less extensive than those available to investors in the United States or other countries. In addition, certain Latin American countries may have legal systems that may make it difficult for the Fund to vote proxies, exercise shareholder rights, and pursue legal remedies with respect to its investments. In the past, many Latin American countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. For companies that keep accounting records in the local currency, inflation accounting rules in some Latin American countries require, for both tax and accounting purposes, that certain assets and liabilities be restated on the company’s balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power. Inflation accounting may indirectly generate losses or profits for certain Latin American companies.
Certain Latin American countries have entered into regional trade agreements that are designed to, among other things, reduce barriers between countries, increase competition among companies and reduce government subsidies in certain industries. No assurance can be given that these changes will be successful in the long term, or that these changes will result in the economic stability intended. There is a possibility that these trade arrangements will not be fully implemented, or will be partially or completely unwound. It is also possible that a significant participant could choose to abandon a trade agreement, which could diminish its credibility and influence. Any of these occurrences could have adverse effects on the markets of both participating and non-participating countries, including sharp appreciation or depreciation of participants’ national currencies and a significant increase in exchange rate volatility, a resurgence in economic protectionism, an undermining of confidence in the Latin American markets, an undermining of Latin American economic stability, the collapse or slowdown of the drive towards Latin American economic unity, and/or reversion of the attempts to lower government debt and inflation rates that were introduced in anticipation of such trade agreements. Such developments could have an adverse impact on a Fund’s investments in Latin America generally or in specific countries participating in such trade agreements.
U.S. Economic Trading Partners Risk.  The United States is a significant, and in some cases the most significant, trading partner of, or foreign investor in, the country or countries in which a Fund invests, the economic conditions of which may be particularly affected by changes in the U.S. economy. The U.S. economy has recently experienced very difficult conditions and volatility, as well as significant adverse trends. While government intervention and recent legislation has been enacted to improve the U.S. economy, the recovery has been fragile and modest. A decrease in U.S. imports, new trade regulations, changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rate or an economic slowdown in the United States may have a material adverse effect on a country’s economic conditions and, as a result, securities to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group.  The capital goods industry group may be affected by fluctuations in the business cycle and by other factors affecting manufacturing demands. The capital goods industry group depends heavily on corporate spending. The capital goods industry group may perform well during times of economic expansion, and as economic conditions worsen, the demand for capital goods may decrease due to weakening demand, worsening business cash flows, tighter credit controls and deteriorating profitability. During times of economic volatility, corporate spending may fall and adversely affect the capital goods industry group. This industry group may also be affected by changes in interest rates, corporate tax rates and other government policies. Many capital goods are sold internationally and such companies are subject to market conditions in other countries and regions.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector.  Companies engaged in the design, production or distribution of products or services for the consumer discretionary sector (including, without limitation, television and radio broadcasting, manufacturing, publishing, recording and musical instruments, motion pictures, photography, amusement and theme parks, gaming casinos, sporting goods and sports arenas, camping and recreational equipment, toys and games, apparel, travel-related services, automobiles, hotels and motels, and fast food and other restaurants) are subject to the risk that their products or services may become obsolete quickly. The success of these companies can depend heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. During periods of an expanding economy, the consumer discretionary sector may outperform the consumer staples sector, but may underperform when economic conditions worsen. Moreover, the consumer discretionary sector can be significantly affected by several factors, including, without limitation, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange rates, changing consumer preferences, demographics, marketing campaigns, cyclical revenue generation, consumer confidence, commodity price volatility, labor relations, interest rates, import and export controls, intense competition, technological developments and government regulation.
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Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector.  Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by changes in the global economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics and consumer preferences, and production spending. Companies in the consumer staples sector may also be affected by changes in global economic, environmental and political events, economic conditions, the depletion of resources, and government regulation. For instance, government regulations may affect the permissibility of using various food additives and production methods of companies that make food products, which could affect company profitability. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by the adoption of proposed legislation and/or by litigation. Companies in the consumer staples sector also may be subject to risks pertaining to the supply of, demand for and prices of raw materials. The prices of raw materials fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, changes in government agricultural support programs, exchange rates, import and export controls, changes in international agricultural and trading policies, and seasonal and weather conditions. Companies in the consumer staples sector may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability.
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector.  Companies in the energy sector are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, energy supply and demand, government regulations and policies, energy production and conservation efforts, technological change, and other factors that a company cannot control. These companies may also lack resources and have limited business lines. The energy sector is cyclical and is highly dependent on commodity prices; prices and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to, among other things, national and international political changes, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the key energy-consuming countries.
Companies in the energy sector may be adversely affected by terrorism, natural disasters or other catastrophes. Companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property, pollution or other environmental damage claims. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. Significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. Additionally, the Middle East, where many companies in the energy sector may operate, has historically and recently seen widespread social unrest.
Companies in the energy sector may also be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, negative perception, efforts at energy conservation and world events in the regions in which the companies operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Because a significant portion of revenues of companies in this sector are derived from a relatively small number of customers that are largely composed of governmental entities and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on the stock prices of companies in this sector. The energy sector is highly regulated. Entities operating in the energy sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation can change rapidly or over time in both scope and intensity. Stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would likely increase compliance costs and may materially adversely affect the financial performance of companies in the energy sector.
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector.  Companies in the financials sector include regional and money center banks, securities brokerage firms, asset management companies, savings banks and thrift institutions, specialty finance companies (e.g., credit card, mortgage providers), insurance and insurance brokerage firms, financial conglomerates and foreign banking and financial companies. Market conditions and regulation in China may be particularly subject to change based on government policy. The global financial markets have experienced very difficult conditions and volatility as well as significant adverse trends. The conditions in these markets have resulted in a decrease in availability of corporate credit, capital and liquidity and have led indirectly to the insolvency, closure or acquisition of a number of financial institutions. These conditions have also contributed to consolidation within the financial industry. In addition, the global financial industry has been materially and adversely affected by a significant decline in the value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and by the sovereign debt crisis. The prospects of many financial companies are questionable and continue to evolve as financial companies revise their outlooks and write down assets that they hold.
Most financial companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which limits their activities and may affect their ability to earn a profit from a given line of business. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financials sector, including effects not intended by the regulation. Direct
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governmental intervention in the operations of financial companies and financial markets may materially and adversely affect the companies in which a Fund invests, including legislation in many countries that may increase government regulation, repatriation and other intervention. The impact of governmental intervention and legislative changes on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The valuation of financial companies has been and continues to be subject to unprecedented volatility and may be influenced by unpredictable factors, including interest rate risk and sovereign debt default. Certain financial businesses are subject to intense competitive pressures, including market share and price competition. Financial companies in foreign countries are subject to market specific and general regulatory and interest rate concerns. In particular, government regulation in certain foreign countries may include taxes and controls on interest rates, credit availability, minimum capital requirements, ban on short sales, prices and currency transfers.
The profitability of banks, savings and loan associations and financial companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change; for instance, when interest rates go up, the value of securities issued by many types of companies in the financials sector generally goes down. In other words, financial companies may be adversely affected in certain market cycles, including, without limitation, during periods of rising interest rates, which may restrict the availability and increase the cost of capital, and during periods of declining economic conditions, which may cause, among other things, credit losses due to financial difficulties of borrowers.
In addition, general economic conditions are important to the operations of these companies, and financial difficulties of borrowers may have an adverse effect on the profitability of financial companies. Financial companies can be highly dependent upon access to capital markets and any impediments to such access, such as adverse overall economic conditions or a negative perception in the capital markets of a financial company’s financial condition or prospects, could adversely affect its business. Deterioration of credit markets, as experienced in 2008 and 2009, can have an adverse impact on a broad range of financial markets, causing certain financial companies to incur large losses. In these conditions, companies in the financials sector may experience significant declines in the valuation of their assets, take actions to raise capital and even cease operations. Some financial companies may also be required to accept or borrow significant amounts of capital from government sources and may face future government imposed restrictions on their businesses or increased government intervention. In addition, there is no guarantee that governments will provide any such relief in the future. These actions may cause the securities of many companies in the financials sector to decline in value.
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector.  Companies in the healthcare sector are often issuers whose profitability may be affected by extensive government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising or falling costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure, an increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and other market developments. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection and the actual or perceived safety and efficiency of their products.
Patents have a limited duration and, upon expiration, other companies may market substantially similar “generic” products that are typically sold at a lower price than the patented product, causing the original developer of the product to lose market share and/or reduce the price charged for the product, resulting in lower profits for the original developer. As a result, the expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.
In addition, because the products and services of many companies in the healthcare sector affect the health and well-being of many individuals, these companies are especially susceptible to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the healthcare sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly, resulting in increased development costs, delayed cost recovery and loss of competitive advantage to the extent that rival companies have developed competing products or procedures, adversely affecting the company’s revenues and profitability. In other words, delays in the regulatory approval process may diminish the opportunity for a company to profit from a new product or to bring a new product to market, which could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Healthcare companies may also be strongly affected by scientific biotechnology or technological developments and their products may quickly become obsolete. Also, many healthcare companies offer products and services that are subject to governmental regulation and may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies or laws. Legislation introduced or considered by certain governments on any individual healthcare company or on the healthcare sector as a whole cannot be predicted. These laws and proposals span a wide range of topics, including cost control, national health insurance, incentives for compensation in the provision of healthcare services, tax incentives and penalties related to healthcare insurance premiums, and promotion of prepaid healthcare plans. No one can
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predict what proposals will be enacted or what potentially adverse effect they may have on healthcare-related or biotechnology-related companies.
Additionally, the expansion of facilities by healthcare related providers is subject to “determinations of need” by certain government authorities. This process not only increases the time and costs involved in these expansions, but also makes expansion plans uncertain, limiting the revenue and profitability growth potential of healthcare related facilities operators and negatively affecting the prices of their securities. Moreover, in recent years both local and national governmental budgets have come under pressure to reduce spending and control healthcare costs, which could both adversely affect regulatory processes and public funding available for healthcare products, services and facilities.
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector.  The value of securities issued by companies in the industrials sector may be affected by supply and demand both for their specific products or services and for industrials sector products in general. The products of manufacturing companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Government regulations, world events and economic conditions affect the performance of companies in the industrials sector. The industrials sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced by unpredictable factors. For example, commodity price declines and unit volume reductions resulting from an over-supply of materials used in the industrials sector can adversely affect the sector. Furthermore, companies in the industrials sector may be subject to liability for environmental damage, product liability claims, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control.
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector.  Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Like other technology companies, information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the information technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses. These risks are heightened for information technology companies in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector.  Companies in the materials sector may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, technical progress, labor relations and government regulations, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control, among other factors. Also, companies in the materials sector are at risk of liability for environmental damage and product liability claims. Production of materials may exceed demand as a result of market imbalances or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns. These risks are heightened for companies in the materials sector located in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector.  Technology companies are characterized by periodic new product introductions, innovations and evolving industry standards, and, as a result, face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Companies in the technology sector are often smaller and less experienced companies and may be subject to greater risks than larger companies; these risks may be heightened for technology companies in foreign markets. Technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, changes in consumer and business purchasing patterns, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. In addition, a rising interest rate environment tends to negatively affect companies in the technology sector because, in such an environment, those companies with high market valuations may appear less attractive to investors, which may cause sharp decreases in the companies’ market prices. Companies in the technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. The technology sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced or characterized by unpredictable factors. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
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Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector.  The telecommunications sector of an economy is often subject to extensive government regulation. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failure to receive required regulatory approvals, or the enactment of new regulatory requirements may negatively affect the business of telecommunications companies. Government actions around the world, specifically in the area of pre-marketing clearance of products and prices, can be arbitrary and unpredictable. Companies in the telecommunications sector may experience distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in formulating new products and services using new technology. Technological innovations may make the products and services of certain telecommunications companies obsolete. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the telecommunications sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector.  Investments in utility companies involve special considerations, including the risk of changing commodity prices, government regulation stipulating rates charged by utilities, increased tariffs, changes in tax laws, interest rate fluctuations and changes in the cost of providing specific utility services. The utilities industry is also subject to potential terrorist attacks, natural disasters and severe weather conditions, as well as regulatory and operational burdens associated with the operation and maintenance of nuclear facilities. Government regulators monitor and control utility revenues and costs, and therefore may limit utility profits. In certain countries, regulatory authorities may also restrict a company’s access to new markets, thereby diminishing the company’s long-term prospects.
There are substantial differences among the regulatory practices and policies of various jurisdictions, and any regulatory agency may make major shifts in policy from time to time. There is no assurance that regulatory authorities will, in the future, grant rate increases or that such increases will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on common stocks issued by a utility company. Additionally, existing and possible future regulatory legislation may make it even more difficult for utilities to obtain adequate relief. Certain of the issuers of securities held in a Fund's portfolio may own or operate nuclear generating facilities. Governmental authorities may from time to time review existing policies and impose additional requirements governing the licensing, construction and operation of nuclear power plants. Prolonged changes in climate conditions can also have a significant impact on both the revenues of an electric and gas utility as well as the expenses of a utility, particularly a hydro-based electric utility.
The rates that traditional regulated utility companies may charge their customers generally are subject to review and limitation by governmental regulatory commissions. Rate changes may occur only after a prolonged approval period or may not occur at all, which could adversely affect earnings and dividends when costs are rising. The value of regulated utility debt securities (and, to a lesser extent, equity securities) tends to have an inverse relationship to the movement of interest rates. Certain utility companies have experienced full or partial deregulation in recent years. These utility companies are frequently more similar to industrial companies in that they are subject to greater competition and have been permitted by regulators to diversify outside of their original geographic regions and their traditional lines of business. As a result, some companies may be forced to defend their core business and may be less profitable.
Proxy Voting Policy
The Trust has adopted proxy voting policies for each Fund that incorporate and amplify the proxy voting guidelines of BFA, the investment adviser to each Fund. The Trust has delegated to BFA the responsibility for voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by each Fund. The remainder of this section discusses each Fund’s proxy voting guidelines and BFA’s role in implementing such guidelines.
BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies for each Fund in a manner that BFA, in the exercise of its independent business judgment, concludes is in the best economic interests of such Fund. In some cases, BFA may determine that it is in the best economic interests of a Fund to refrain from exercising the Fund’s proxy voting rights (such as, for example, proxies on certain non-U.S. securities that might impose costly or time-consuming in-person voting requirements). With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, BFA’s approach is also driven by each Fund's economic interests. The evaluation of the economic desirability of recalling loans involves balancing the revenue-producing value of loans against the likely economic value of casting votes. Based on our evaluation of this relationship, we believe that the likely economic value of casting a vote generally is less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by BFA recalling loaned securities in
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order to ensure they are voted. Periodically, BFA analyzes the process and benefits of voting proxies for securities on loan, and will consider whether any modification of its proxy voting policies or procedures are necessary in light of any regulatory changes. BFA will normally vote on specific proxy issues in accordance with its proxy voting guidelines. BFA’s proxy voting guidelines provide detailed guidance as to how to vote proxies on certain important or commonly raised issues. BFA may, in the exercise of its business judgment, conclude that the proxy voting guidelines do not cover the specific matter upon which a proxy vote is requested, or that an exception to the proxy voting guidelines would be in the best economic interests of a Fund. BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of such issuer) to a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates, or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates. When voting proxies, BFA attempts to encourage issuers to follow practices that enhance shareholder value and increase transparency and allow the market to place a proper value on their assets. With respect to certain specific issues:
Each Fund generally supports the board’s nominees in the election of directors and generally supports proposals that strengthen the independence of boards of directors;
Where a director has committed himself or herself to service on more than four public company boards (but no more than six public company boards in most circumstances), a Fund will consider such director’s individual circumstances in determining whether the director will be able to commit sufficient focus and time to a particular company;
Each Fund generally defers to an issuer’s choice of auditors so long as the corporate auditors represent the interests of shareholders and provide an independent view of the propriety of financial reporting decisions of management;
Each Fund generally favors disclosure of a company’s compensation and benefits policies and opposes excessive compensation, but believes that compensation matters are normally best determined by a company’s board of directors;
Each Fund generally expects to support capital structure requests that it believes enhance the rights of common shareholders and oppose requests that appear to be unreasonably dilutive;
Each Fund generally does not support proposals on social issues that lack a demonstrable economic benefit to the issuer and the Fund investing in such issuer; and
Each Fund generally votes against anti-takeover proposals and proposals that would create additional barriers or costs to corporate transactions that are likely to deliver a premium to shareholders.
BFA maintains institutional policies and procedures that are designed to prevent any relationship between the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of the issuer) and a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates (if any) or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates, from having undue influence on BFA’s proxy voting activity. In certain instances, BFA may determine to engage an independent fiduciary to vote proxies as a further safeguard against potential conflicts of interest or as otherwise required by applicable law. The independent fiduciary may either vote such proxies or provide BFA with instructions as to how to vote such proxies. In the latter case, BFA votes the proxy in accordance with the independent fiduciary’s determination.
Information with respect to how BFA voted proxies relating to the Funds' portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30 is available: (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or through the Funds' website at www.iShares.com; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio holdings information that requires that such information be disclosed in a manner that: (i) is consistent with applicable legal requirements and in the best interests of each Fund’s respective shareholders; (ii) does not put the interests of BFA, the Distributor or any affiliated person of BFA or the Distributor, above those of Fund shareholders; (iii) does not advantage any current or prospective Fund shareholders over any other current or prospective Fund shareholders, except to the extent that certain Entities (as described below) may receive portfolio holdings information not available to other current or prospective Fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units, as discussed below, and certain information may be provided to personnel of BFA and its affiliates who manage funds that invest a significant percentage of their assets in shares of the Fund for the purpose of facilitating risk management and hedging activities; and (iv) does not provide selective access to portfolio holdings information except pursuant to the procedures outlined below and to the extent appropriate
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confidentiality arrangements limiting the use of such information are in effect. The “Entities” referred to in sub-section (iii) above are generally limited to National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) members, subscribers to various fee-based subscription services, large institutional investors (known as “Authorized Participants”) that have been authorized by the Distributor to purchase and redeem large blocks of shares pursuant to legal requirements and market makers and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information or transactional services.
Each business day, each Fund's portfolio holdings information is provided to the Distributor or other agent for dissemination through the facilities of the NSCC and/or other fee-based subscription services to NSCC members and/or subscribers to those other fee-based subscription services, including market makers and Authorized Participants, and to entities that publish and/or analyze such information in connection with the process of purchasing or redeeming Creation Units or trading shares of the Funds in the secondary market or evaluating such potential transactions. This information typically reflects each Fund’s anticipated holdings on the following business day.
Daily access to information concerning the Funds' portfolio holdings is permitted (i) to certain personnel of those service providers that are involved in portfolio management and providing administrative, operational, risk management, or other support to portfolio management; and (ii) to other personnel of BFA and the Distributor and their affiliates, and the administrator, custodian and fund accountant who deal directly with or assist in, functions related to investment management, distribution, administration, custody, securities lending and fund accounting, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with agreements with the Funds and the terms of the Funds' current registration statements. In addition, each Fund discloses its portfolio holdings and the percentages they represent of the Fund's net assets at least monthly, and as often as each day the Fund is open for business, at www.iShares.com. More information about this disclosure is available at www.iShares.com.
Portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds in the ordinary course of business after it has been disseminated to the NSCC. From time to time, information concerning portfolio holdings other than portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds, including rating or ranking organizations, in the ordinary course of business, no earlier than one business day following the date of the information.
Each Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings schedule in public filings with the SEC within 70 days after the end of each fiscal quarter and will provide that information to shareholders as required by federal securities laws and regulations thereunder. A Fund may, however, voluntarily disclose all or part of its portfolio holdings other than in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, in advance of required filings with the SEC, provided that such information is made generally available to all shareholders and other interested parties in a manner that is consistent with the above policy for disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Such information may be made available through a publicly-available website or other means that make the information available to all likely interested parties contemporaneously.
The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information pursuant to the above policy and procedures.
The Board reviews the policy and procedures for disclosure of portfolio holdings information at least annually.
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Indexes
Descriptions of the Underlying Indexes are provided below.
The MSCI Indexes
The MSCI indexes were founded in 1969 by Capital International S.A. as the first international performance benchmarks constructed to facilitate accurate comparison of world markets. The MSCI single country standard equity indexes have covered the world's developed markets since 1969 and in 1987 MSCI commenced coverage of emerging markets.
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Local stock exchanges traditionally calculated their own indexes, which were generally not comparable with one another due to differences in the representation of the local market, mathematical formulas, base dates and methods of adjusting for capital changes. MSCI, however, applies the same calculation methodology to all markets for all single country standard equity indexes, both developed and emerging.
MSCI's Global Investable Market Indexes (the “MSCI GIMI”) provide exhaustive coverage and non-overlapping market segmentation by market capitalization size and by style. The MSCI GIMI intends to target approximately 99% coverage of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in each market of large-, mid- and small-cap securities.
MSCI Global Standard Indexes cover all investable large- and mid-cap securities by including approximately 85% of each market's free float-adjusted market capitalization.
MSCI Global Small Cap Indexes provide coverage to all companies with a market capitalization below that of the companies in the MSCI Global Standard Indexes by including above and beyond the coverage of the MSCI Global Standard Indexes.
MSCI Global Investable Market Indexes
Selection Criteria. MSCI's index construction process involves: (i) defining the equity universe; (ii) determining the market investable equity universe for each market; (iii) determining market capitalization size segments for each market; (iv) applying final size segment investability requirements; and (v) applying index continuity rules for the MSCI Global Standard Index.
Defining the Equity Universe. MSCI begins with securities listed in countries in the MSCI GIMI. Of these countries, as of June 28, 2013, 24 are classified as developed markets, 21 as emerging markets, and 25 as frontier markets. All listed equity securities and listed securities that exhibit characteristics of equity securities, except mutual funds, exchange traded funds, equity derivatives, limited partnerships and most investment trusts, are eligible for inclusion in the equity universe. REITs in some countries and certain income trusts in Canada are also eligible for inclusion. Each company and its securities (i.e., share classes) are classified in only one country.
Determining the Market Investable Equity Universe for Each Market. The equity universe in any market is derived by applying investability screens to individual companies and securities in the equity universe of that market. Some investability requirements are applied at the individual security level and some at the overall company level, represented by the aggregation of individual securities of the company. As a result, the inclusion or exclusion of one security does not imply the automatic inclusion or exclusion of other securities of the same company.
Determining Market Capitalization Size Segments for Each Market. In each market, MSCI creates an Investable Market Index, Standard Index, Large Cap Index, Mid Cap Index and Small Cap Index. The MSCI Global Standard Index is the aggregation of the Large Cap Index and Mid Cap Index. The MSCI GIMI is the aggregation of the MSCI Global Standard Index and MSCI Global Small Cap Index. In order to create size components that can be meaningfully aggregated into composites, individual market size segments balance the following two objectives:
Achieving global size integrity by ensuring that companies of comparable and relevant sizes are included in a given size segment across all markets in a composite index; and
Achieving consistent market coverage by ensuring that each market's size segment is represented in its proportional weight in the composite universe.
Applying Final Size Segment Investability Requirements. In order to enhance replicability of the indexes, additional size segment investability requirements are set for the MSCI GIMI and MSCI Global Standard Index. These investability requirements include minimum free float-adjusted market capitalization, minimum liquidity, minimum foreign limits and minimum length of trading.
Applying Index Continuity Rules for the Standard Index. In order to achieve index continuity as well as provide some basic level of diversification within a market index, notwithstanding the effect of other index construction rules contained herein, a minimum number of five constituents will be maintained for a developed market Standard Index and a minimum number of three constituents will be maintained for an emerging market Standard Index.
Weighting. All indexes of the MSCI GIMI are free float weighted, i.e., companies are included in the indexes at the value of their free public float (free float multiplied by security price).
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Regional Weights. Market capitalization weighting, combined with a consistent target of approximately 99% of free float-adjusted market capitalization, helps ensure that each country's weight in regional and international indexes approximates its weight in the total universe of developing and emerging markets. A market is equivalent to a single country except for developed Europe, where all markets are aggregated into a single market for index construction purposes. Individual country indexes of the European developed markets are derived from the constituents of the MSCI GIMI Europe Index.
Free Float. MSCI defines the free float of a security as the proportion of shares outstanding that are deemed to be available for purchase in the public equity markets by international investors. In practice, limitations on free float available to international investors include: (i) strategic and other shareholdings not considered part of available free float; and (ii) limits on share ownership for foreigners.
Under MSCI's free float-adjustment methodology, a constituent's inclusion factor is equal to its estimated free float rounded-up to the closest 5% for constituents with free float equal to or exceeding 15%. For example, a constituent security with a free float of 23.2% will be included in the index at 25% of its market capitalization. For securities with a free float of less than 15%, the estimated free float is adjusted to the nearest 1%.
Price and Exchange Rates
Prices. The prices used to calculate all MSCI indexes are the official exchange closing prices or those figures accepted as such. MSCI reserves the right to use an alternative pricing source on any given day.
Exchange Rates. Since July 2000, MSCI uses the WM/Reuters Closing Spot Rates taken at 4:00 p.m. London time. In case WM/Reuters does not provide rates for specific markets on given days (for example, Christmas Day and New Year's Day), the previous business day's rates are normally used. MSCI independently monitors the exchange rates on all its indexes. MSCI may under exceptional circumstances elect to use alternative sources of exchange rates if the WM/Reuters rates are not available, or if MSCI determines that the WM/Reuters rates are not reflective of market circumstances for a given currency on a particular day. In such circumstances, an announcement would be sent to clients with the related information. If appropriate, MSCI may conduct a consultation with the investment community to gather feedback on the most relevant exchange rate.
Changes to the Indexes. The MSCI GIMI is maintained with the objective of reflecting, on a timely basis, the evolution of the underlying equity markets. In maintaining the MSCI indexes, emphasis is also placed on continuity, replicability and minimizing turnover in the indexes. Maintaining the MSCI indexes involves many aspects, including (i) additions to, and deletions from, the indexes; (ii) changes in number of shares; and (iii) changes in inclusion factors as a result of updated free float estimates.
Index maintenance can be described by three broad categories of changes:
Semi-Annual Index Reviews (“SAIRs”), conducted on a fixed semi-annual timetable that systematically reassess the various dimensions of the equity universe for all markets;
Quarterly Index Reviews (“QIRs”), aimed at promptly reflecting other significant market events; and
Ongoing event-related changes, such as mergers, acquisitions, spin-offs, bankruptcies, reorganizations and other similar corporate events, which generally are implemented in the indexes as they occur.
Potential changes in the status of countries (stand-alone, frontier, emerging and developed) follow their own implementation time tables.
MSCI conducts SAIRs generally as of the close of the last business day of May and November. During the SAIRs, MSCI updates the investable equity universe and reassesses size segmentation investability requirements. MSCI also conducts QIRs generally as of the close of the last business day of February and August. During the QIRs, MSCI reflects changes in the index that were not captured at the time of their actual occurrence, but are significant enough to be included before the next SAIR. The results of the SAIR and QIR are generally announced at least ten business days in advance of implementation.
MSCI 25/50 Indexes
Each of the MSCI 25/50 Indexes (the “25/50 Indexes”) is a sub-index of either an MSCI Global Standard Index or an MSCI GIMI. Their construction reflects the diversification requirements applicable to RICs pursuant to Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. The 25/50 Indexes are free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted indexes with a capping
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methodology applied to issuer weights so that no single issuer of a component exceeds 25% of index weight and all issuers with a weight above 5% do not exceed 50% of the index weight. A software application called the Barra Optimizer is utilized to calculate the capped index weights through an optimization function which is aimed at minimizing index turnover, tracking error and extreme deviation from the uncapped index.
MSCI Brazil Small Cap Index
Number of Components: approximately 84
Index Description. The MSCI Brazil Small Cap Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities in the bottom 14% by market capitalization of equity securities listed on stock exchanges in Brazil.
MSCI China Index
Number of Components: approximately 137
Index Description. The MSCI China Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities in the top 85% in market capitalization of Chinese equity markets, as represented by the H-Shares (i.e., the securities of companies incorporated in the PRC that are denominated in Hong Kong dollars and listed on the Hong Kong Exchange) and B-Shares (i.e., securities of companies incorporated in the PRC and listed for foreign investment on stock exchanges in the PRC) markets. The Underlying Index also includes certain Hong Kong listed securities known as Red-Chips (issued by companies incorporated in certain foreign jurisdictions, which are controlled, directly or indirectly, by entities owned by the national government or local governments in the PRC and derive substantial revenues or allocate substantial assets in the PRC) and P-Chips (issued by companies incorporated in certain foreign jurisdictions, which are controlled, directly or indirectly, by individuals in the PRC and derive substantial revenues or allocate substantial assets in the PRC).
MSCI China Small Cap Index
Number of Components: approximately 323
Index Description. The MSCI China Small Cap Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities in the bottom 14% by market capitalization of the Chinese equity securities market, as represented by the H-Share (i.e. securities of companies incorporated by the PRC that are denominated in Hong Kong dollars and listed on the Hong Kong Exchange) and B-Share (i.e. securities of companies incorporated in the PRC and listed for foreign investment on stock exchanges in the PRC) markets. The Underlying Index also includes certain Hong Kong-listed securities known as Red-Chips (issued by companies incorporated in certain foreign jurisdictions, which are controlled, directly or indirectly, by entities owned by the national government or local governments in the PRC and derive substantial revenues or allocate substantial assets in the PRC) and P-Chips (issued by companies incorporated in certain foreign jurisdictions, which are controlled, directly or indirectly, by individuals in the PRC and derive substantial revenues or allocate substantial assets in the PRC).
MSCI Emerging Markets (EM) Latin America Index
Number of Components: approximately 146
Index Description. The MSCI EM Latin America Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index that is designed to measure the equity market performance of emerging markets in Latin America.
MSCI India Index
Number of Components: 76
Index Description. The MSCI India Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities of companies whose market capitalization represents the top 85% of companies in the Indian securities market. Free-float market capitalization is calculated by taking the security's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market rather than the total number of shares outstanding.
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MSCI India Small Cap Index
Number of Components: 174
Index Description. The MSCI India Small Cap Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of equity securities of small capitalization companies whose market capitalization represents the bottom 14% of the companies in the Indian securities market. Free-float market capitalization is calculated by taking the security's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market rather than the total number of shares outstanding.
Additional Information. “MSCI,” MSCI Brazil Small Cap Index, MSCI China Index, MSCI China Small Cap Index, MSCI EM Latin America Index, MSCI India Index and MSCI India Small Cap Index are servicemarks of MSCI Inc. and have been licensed for use by BFA or its affiliates. The Funds are neither sponsored, endorsed, sold nor promoted by MSCI Inc., and MSCI Inc. makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any of the Funds.
Investment Limitations
The Board has adopted as a non-fundamental policy the investment objective of each Fund. Therefore, each Fund may change its investment objective and its Underlying Index without a shareholder vote. The Board has adopted as fundamental policies the following numbered investment restrictions, which cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities. A vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a fund meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy and (b) more than 50% of outstanding voting securities of the fund.
Each Fund will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities; and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by any regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from investing in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or securities or other instruments backed by real estate or mortgages), or commodities or commodity contracts (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies set forth above, each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental policy not to invest in the securities of a company for the purpose of exercising management or control, or
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purchase or otherwise acquire any illiquid security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, which currently permits up to 15% of each Fund’s net assets to be invested in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment).
BFA monitors the liquidity of restricted securities in each Fund’s portfolio. In reaching liquidity decisions, BFA considers the following factors:
The frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
The number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers;
Dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
The nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace in which it trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer).
If any percentage restriction described above is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in values of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction, except that certain percentage limitations will be observed continuously in accordance with applicable law.
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy in accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of the Underlying Index or in Depositary Receipts representing securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund also has adopted a non-fundamental policy to provide its shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior written notice of any change in such policy. If, subsequent to an investment, the 80% requirement is no longer met, a Fund’s future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Fund into compliance with this policy.
Each Fund (except for the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF) has adopted a non-fundamental limitation such that, under normal market conditions, any borrowings by the Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund's net assets.
Each Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. As a matter of policy, however, a Fund will not purchase shares of any registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust, in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) (the “fund of funds” provisions) of the Investment Company Act, at any time the Fund has knowledge that its shares are purchased by another investment company investor in reliance on the provisions of subparagraph (G) of Section 12(d)(1).
Continuous Offering
The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Funds on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares and sells such shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act must take into account all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.
Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to shares of the Funds are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the 1933 Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the 1933 Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Listing Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the
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prospectus is available at the Listing Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is available only with respect to transactions on an exchange.
Management
Trustees and Officers.  The Board has responsibility for the overall management and operations of the Funds, including general supervision of the duties performed by BFA and other service providers. Each Trustee serves until he or she resigns, is removed, dies, retires or becomes incapacitated. The President, Chief Compliance Officer, Treasurer and Secretary shall each hold office until their successors are chosen and qualified, and all other officers shall hold office until he or she resigns or is removed. Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust are referred to as independent trustees (“Independent Trustees”).
The registered investment companies advised by BFA or its affiliates are organized into one complex of closed-end funds, two complexes of open-end funds and one complex of exchange-traded funds (“Exchange-Traded Fund Complex”) (each, a “BlackRock Fund Complex”). Each Fund is included in the BlackRock Fund Complex referred to as the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. Each Trustee also serves as a Director of iShares, Inc., a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and, as a result, oversees a total of 304 funds within the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. With the exception of Robert S. Kapito, the address of each Trustee and officer is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. The address of Mr. Kapito is c/o BlackRock, Inc., Park Avenue Plaza, 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055. The Board has designated Robert H. Silver as its Independent Chairman. Additional information about the Funds' Trustees and officers may be found in this SAI, which is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737).
Interested Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert S. Kapito1
(56)
  Trustee
(since 2009).
  President and Director, BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006); Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc. and Head of BlackRock’s Portfolio Management Group (since its formation in 1998) and BlackRock’s predecessor entities (since 1988); Trustee, University of Pennsylvania (since 2009); President of Board of Directors, Hope & Heroes Children’s Cancer Fund (since 2002); President of the Board of Directors, Periwinkle Theatre for Youth (since 1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2009); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Michael Latham2
(48)
  Trustee
(since 2010);
President
(since 2007).
  Chairman of iShares, BlackRock (since 2011); Global Chief Executive Officer of iShares, BlackRock (2010-2011); Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Americas iShares, Barclays Global Investors (“BGI”) (2007-2009); Director and Chief Financial Officer of Barclays Global Investors International, Inc. (2005-2009); Chief Operating Officer of the Intermediary Investor and Exchange-Traded Products Business of BGI (2003-2007).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2010); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).

1 Robert S. Kapito is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc.
2 Michael Latham is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates.
Independent Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert H. Silver
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2007); Independent Chairman
(since 2012).
  President and Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group, Inc. (since 2006); Director and Vice Chairman of the YMCA of Greater NYC (2001-2011); Broadway Producer (2006-2011); Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. (since 2008); Director and Member of the Audit and Compensation Committee of EPAM Systems, Inc. (2006-2009); President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.) (2003-2005) and various executive positions with UBS and its affiliates (1988-2005); CPA and Audit Manager of KPMG, LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) (1977-1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2007); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Independent Chairman of iShares, Inc., iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2012).
George G.C. Parker
(74)
  Trustee
(since 2000).
  Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (Professor since 1973; Emeritus since 2006).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2002); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Tejon Ranch Company (since 1999); Director of Threshold Pharmaceuticals (since 2004); Director of Colony Financial, Inc. (since 2009); Director of First Republic Bank (since 2010).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
John E. Martinez
(52)
  Trustee
(since 2003);
Securities Lending Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.) (since 2005).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2003); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Cecilia H. Herbert
(64)
  Trustee
(since 2005); Nominating and Governance Committee Chair and Equity Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director (since 1998) and President (2007-2011) of the Board of Directors, Catholic Charities CYO; Trustee (2002-2011) and Chair of the Finance and Investment Committee (2006-2010) the Thacher School; Member (since 1994) and Chair (1994-2005) of the Investment Committee, Archdiocese of San Francisco; Trustee and Member of the Investment Committee, WNET, the New York public broadcasting company (since 2011).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Forward Funds (34 portfolios) (since 2009).
Charles A. Hurty
(70)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Audit Committee Chair
(since 2006).
  Retired; Partner, KPMG LLP (1968-2001).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund (1 portfolio) (since 2002); Director of SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (2 portfolios) (since 2002).
John E. Kerrigan
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Fixed Income Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University (since 2002).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Madhav V. Rajan
(49)
  Trustee
(since 2011);
15(c) Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting and Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Head of MBA Program, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (since 2001); Professor of Law (by courtesy), Stanford Law School (since 2005); Visiting Professor, University of Chicago (2007-2008).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2011);
Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2011); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
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Officers
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Jack Gee
(54)
  Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(since 2008).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Senior Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2009); Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2004-2009).
Eilleen M. Clavere
(61)
  Secretary
(since 2007).
  Director of Global Fund Administration, BlackRock (since 2009); Director of Legal Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2006-2009); Legal Counsel and Vice President of Atlas Funds, Atlas Advisers, Inc. and Atlas Securities, Inc. (2005-2006); Counsel at Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP (2001-2005).
Edward B. Baer
(45)
  Vice President and Chief Legal Officer
(since 2012).
  Managing Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (since 2006); Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (2004-2006).
Scott Radell
(45)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2012).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BGI (2007-2009); Credit Portfolio Manager, BGI (2005-2007); Credit Research Analyst, BGI (2003-2005).
Amy Schioldager
(51)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2007).
  Senior Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Global Head of Index Equity, BGI (2008-2009); Global Head of U.S. Indexing, BGI (2006-2008); Head of Domestic Equity Portfolio Management, BGI (2001-2006).
Ira P. Shapiro
(50)
  Vice President
(since 2007).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Strategic Product Initiatives for iShares (since 2012); Chief Legal Officer, Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (2007-2012); Associate General Counsel, BGI (2004-2009).
The Board has concluded that, based on each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, each Trustee should serve as a Trustee of the Board. Among the attributes common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Funds' investment adviser, other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. A Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively may have been attained through the Trustee’s educational background or professional training; business, consulting, public service or academic positions; experience from service as a
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Board member of the Funds and the other funds in the Trust (and any predecessor funds), other investment funds, public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. Also, set forth below is a brief discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Trustee that led the Board to conclude that he or she should serve as a Trustee.
Robert Kapito has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2009. Mr. Kapito has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2009, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and a Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2006. In addition, he has over 20 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Mr. Kapito serves as President and Director of BlackRock, Inc., and is the Chairman of the Operating Committee, a member of the Office of the Chairman, the Leadership Committee and the Corporate Council. He is responsible for day-to-day oversight of BlackRock's key operating units, including the Account Management and Portfolio Management Groups, Real Estate Group and BlackRock Solutions®. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in 2007, Mr. Kapito served as Head of BlackRock's Portfolio Management Group. In that role, he was responsible for overseeing all portfolio management within BlackRock, including the Fixed Income, Equity, Liquidity, and Alternative Investment Groups. Mr. Kapito serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. He has also been President of the Board of Directors for the Hope & Heroes Children's Cancer Fund since 2002 and President of the Board of Directors for Periwinkle Theatre for Youth, a national non-profit arts-in-education organization, since 1983. Mr. Kapito earned a BS degree in economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979, and an MBA degree from Harvard Business School in 1983.
Michael Latham has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2010 and President of the Trust since 2007. Mr. Latham served as Principal Financial Officer of the Trust from 2002 until 2007. Mr. Latham has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2010, President of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Principal Financial Officer of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2007, a Director and President of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, and a Trustee and President of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. Mr. Latham is the Chairman of BlackRock’s iShares exchange-traded fund business. In addition, he has over 15 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in September 2011, he was the global head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business. Prior to April 2009, he was head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business for the United States and Canada, and Chief Operating Officer for the U.S. iShares business. He previously held a variety of operating positions within the firm. Mr. Latham earned a BS degree in business administration from California State University at San Francisco in 1988.
Robert H. Silver has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2007 and Chairman of the Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Chairman of iShares, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chairman of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chairman of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver is President and a Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group Inc., a firm dedicated to advising and investing in emerging business enterprises and to supporting philanthropic activities that benefit under-served urban youth. Previously, Mr. Silver served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.), the registered broker dealer comprising the Wealth Management USA business unit of UBS AG, including the following responsibilities: President of Paine Webber Services, Director of Retail Products and Marketing, Director of Private Client Group Branch Offices, Director of Finance and Controls for Paine Webber, Inc. and Chief Administrative Officer for Paine Webber Private Client Group. Mr. Silver also served on the Board of Directors of EPAM Systems, Inc., a provider of software engineering outsourcing services in Central and Eastern Europe, served on the Board and Executive Committee of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), chaired the National Securities Clearing Corporations’ Membership and Risk Committee and served as Governor of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. In addition, Mr. Silver was a Vice Chairman and a Member of the Board of Directors for the YMCA of Greater New York and chaired its Fund Development Committee from 2001 until 2011 and Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. since 2008. Mr. Silver began his career as a CPA and Audit Manager at KPMG LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) from 1977 until 1983. Mr. Silver has a BS degree in business administration from the University of North Carolina.
George G.C. Parker has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2000. Mr. Parker served as Chair of the Trust's Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Trustee of the Trust from 2006 until 2010 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2002 until 2010. Mr. Parker has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2002, Chair of iShares, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Director of iShares, Inc. from 2006 until 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2010, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011
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and Chair of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Parker also serves as Director on four other boards. Mr. Parker is the Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He teaches courses in Corporate Finance in the MBA Program, Stanford Sloan Program for Executives, and in various other Executive Education Programs at Stanford University. Mr. Parker's teaching and research interests are primarily in the field of corporate finance, management of financial institutions, and corporate governance, and he has written numerous case studies related to these subjects. He has also authored several articles on capital structure, risk management, and corporate valuation. Mr. Parker previously served as a Director of Continental Airlines and a Director of NETGEAR, Inc. Mr. Parker holds MBA and Ph.D. degrees from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.
John E. Martinez has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2003 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2003, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez is a Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.), providing governance oversight and consulting services to this privately held firm that develops products and strategies for homeowners in managing the equity in their homes. Mr. Martinez previously served as Director of Barclays Global Investors (BGI) UK Holdings, where he provided governance oversight representing BGI’s shareholders (Barclays PLC, BGI management shareholders) through oversight of BGI’s worldwide activities. Mr. Martinez also previously served as Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Global Index and Markets Group of BGI, Chairman of Barclays Global Investor Services and Chief Executive Officer of the Capital Markets Group of BGI. Since 2003, he is a Director and Executive Committee Member for Larkin Street Youth Services, providing governance oversight and strategy development to an agency that provides emergency and transitional housing, healthcare, education, job and life skills training to homeless youth. Mr. Martinez has an AB degree in economics from The University of California, Berkeley and holds an MBA degree in finance and statistics from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
Cecilia H. Herbert has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Ms. Herbert has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. She is Director of the Board of the Catholic Charities CYO, one of the Bay Area’s largest private social services organizations serving the homeless, poor, aged, families, children and AIDS/HIV victims, on which she has served since 1998. Ms. Herbert is a member of the Investment Committee of the Archdiocese of San Francisco since 1992, which she chaired from 1994 to 2005. She has served on numerous non-profit boards. Ms. Herbert is also a Director and Advisory Board Member since 2009 of the Forward Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as a Trustee for the Pacific Select Funds and The Montgomery Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as Managing Director of J.P. Morgan/Morgan Guaranty Trust Company responsible for product development, marketing and credit for U.S. multinational corporations and as head of its San Francisco office and as Assistant Vice President, Signet Banking Corporation. Ms. Herbert has a BA degree in economics and communications from Stanford University and an MBA degree in finance from Harvard Business School.
Charles A. Hurty has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Trust since 2006. Mr. Hurty has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2006, a Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010 and a Trustee and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. In addition, Mr. Hurty serves as Director of the GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund since 2002, Director of the SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (formerly, Citigroup Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC) since 2002 and was a Director of the CSFB Alternative Investment Funds from 2005 to December 2009, when the funds were liquidated. Mr. Hurty was formerly a Partner at KPMG, LLP from 1968 to 2001. Mr. Hurty has a BS degree in accounting from the University of Kansas.
John E. Kerrigan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Kerrigan served as Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2010 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a
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Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan serves as Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University since 2002. Mr. Kerrigan was formerly a Managing Director at Merrill Lynch & Co., including the following responsibilities: Global Manager of Institutional Client Division eCommerce, Global Manager of Technology Specialists Sales and Chair, Performance Measurement, Evaluation & Compensation Task Force. Mr. Kerrigan is a Trustee, since 2008, of Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton, CA, and Director, since 1999, of The BASIC Fund (Bay Area Scholarships for Inner City Children). Mr. Kerrigan has a BA degree from Boston College and is a Chartered Financial Analyst Charterholder.
Madhav V. Rajan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan is the Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He has taught accounting for over 20 years to undergraduate, MBA and law students, as well as to senior executives. Mr. Rajan serves as the Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and head of the MBA Program at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Rajan served as editor of “The Accounting Review” from 2002 to 2008 and is co-author of “Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis,” a leading cost accounting textbook. Mr. Rajan holds MS, MBA and Ph.D. degrees in accounting from Carnegie Mellon University.
Board – Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities
Overall responsibility for oversight of the Funds rests with the Board. The Board has engaged BFA to manage the Funds on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing BFA and other service providers in the operations of the Funds in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The Board is currently composed of nine members, seven of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board currently conducts regular meetings five times a year. In addition, the Board frequently holds special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees meet regularly outside the presence of management, in executive session or with other service providers to the Trust.
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board has established six standing Committees: a Nominating and Governance Committee, an Audit Committee, a 15(c) Committee, a Securities Lending Committee, an Equity Plus Committee and a Fixed Income Plus Committee to assist the Board in the oversight and direction of the business and affairs of the Funds, and from time to time may establish ad-hoc committees or informal working groups to review and address the policies and practices of the Funds with respect to certain specified matters. The Chair of each standing Committee is an Independent Trustee. The role of the Chair of each Committee is to preside at all meetings of the Committee and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys and other Trustees between meetings. Each Committee meets regularly to conduct the oversight functions delegated to the Committee by the Board and reports its finding to the Board. The Board and each standing Committee conduct annual assessments of their oversight function and structure. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise independent judgment over management and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees of Independent Trustees and the full Board to enhance effective oversight.
Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Funds is the responsibility of BFA or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to the supervision of BFA. Each Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational, counterparty and valuation risks, among others. While there are a number of risk management functions performed by BFA and other service providers, as applicable, it is not possible to eliminate all of the risks applicable to the Funds. The Trustees have an oversight role in this area, satisfying themselves that risk management processes and controls are in place and operating effectively. Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of each Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. The Board, directly or through a committee, also reviews reports from, among others, management and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by each Fund and management’s risk functions. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Trust's compliance program, including assessments by independent
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third parties, and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Trust and its principal service providers. In testing and maintaining the compliance program, the Chief Compliance Officer (and his or her delegates) assesses key compliance risks affecting each Fund, and addresses them in periodic reports to the Board. The Independent Trustees have engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.
Committees of the Board of Trustees. Each Independent Trustee serves on the Audit Committee. The Chair of the Audit Committee is Charles A. Hurty. The purposes of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board (i) in its oversight of the Trust's accounting and financial reporting principles and policies and related controls and procedures maintained by or on behalf of the Trust; (ii) in its oversight of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (iii) in selecting, evaluating and, where deemed appropriate, replacing the independent accountants (or nominating the independent accountants to be proposed for shareholder approval in any proxy statement); (iv) in evaluating the independence of the independent accountants; (v) in complying with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust's accounting and financial reporting, internal controls, compliance controls and independent audits; and (vi) to assume such other responsibilities as may be delegated by the Board. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), Charles A. Hurty, Madhav V. Rajan and John E. Kerrigan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The Nominating and Governance Committee nominates individuals for Independent Trustee membership on the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee functions include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) reviewing the qualifications of any person properly identified or nominated to serve as an Independent Trustee; (ii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the nominee(s) for appointment as an Independent Trustee by the Board and current Independent Trustees and/or for election as Independent Trustees by shareholders to fill any vacancy for a position of Independent Trustee(s) on the Board; (iii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the size and composition of the Board and Board committees and whether they comply with applicable laws and regulations; (iv) recommending a current Independent Trustee to the Board and current Independent Trustees to serve as Lead Independent Trustee; (v) periodic review of the Board's retirement policy; and (vi) recommending an appropriate level of compensation for the Independent Trustees for their services as Trustees, members or chairpersons of committees of the Board, Lead Independent Trustee, Chairperson of the Board and any other positions as the Nominating and Governance Committee considers appropriate. The Nominating and Governance Committee does not consider Board nominations recommended by shareholders (acting solely in their capacity as a shareholder and not in any other capacity). The Nominating and Governance Committee met one time during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The members of the 15(c) Committee are Madhav V. Rajan (Chair), Cecilia H. Herbert, Charles A. Hurty and John E. Martinez, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the 15(c) Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for the annual review and renewal of the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements. These responsibilities include: (i) meeting with BlackRock, Inc. in advance of the Board meeting at which the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements are to be considered to discuss generally the process for providing requested information to the Board and the format in which information will be provided; and (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to evaluate the investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements of the Trust. The 15(c) Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The members of the Securities Lending Committee are John E. Martinez (Chair), John E. Kerrigan and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Securities Lending Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of the Trust's securities lending activities. These responsibilities include: (i) requesting that certain information be provided to the Committee for its review and consideration prior to such information being provided to the Board; (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to oversee the Trust's securities lending activities and make required findings and approvals; and (iii) providing a recommendation to the Board regarding the annual approval of the Trust's Securities Lending Guidelines and the required findings with respect to, and annual approval of, the Trust's agreement with the lending agent. The Securities Lending Committee met six times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The members of the Equity Plus Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), John E. Martinez and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Equity Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for equity funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any
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performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Equity Plus Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The members of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are John E. Kerrigan (Chair), Charles A. Hurty and Madhav V. Rajan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for fixed income or multi-asset funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Fixed Income Plus Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
As the Chairman of the Board, Robert H. Silver may participate in each Committee's meetings.
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2012, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Funds and in other registered investment companies overseen by the Trustee within the same family of investment companies as the Trust. If a fund is not listed below, the Trustee did not own any securities in that fund as of the date indicated above:
Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Robert S. Kapito   None   None   None
             
Michael Latham   iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Micro-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Robert H. Silver   iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI BRIC ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
             
George G.C. Parker   iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares S&P 100 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
John E. Martinez   iShares TIPS Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 ETF   Over $100,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Cecilia H. Herbert   iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares International Select Dividend ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares China Large-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
             
Charles A. Hurty   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Financials ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Technology ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares China Large-Cap ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Tech ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   $1-$10,000    
             
John E. Kerrigan   iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   $10,001-$50,000
  $50,001-$100,000
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000
   
             
Madhav V. Rajan   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
As of December 31, 2012, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of BFA (the Funds' investment adviser), the Distributor or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with BFA or the Distributor.
Remuneration of Trustees.  Each current Independent Trustee is paid an annual retainer of $275,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board's policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the period from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2012, each current Independent Trustee was paid an annual retainer of $250,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board’s policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. The Independent Chairman of the Boards is paid an additional annual retainer of $50,000. The Chair of the Audit Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $40,000. The Chair of each of the Nominating and Governance Committees, Equity Plus Committees, Fixed Income Plus Committees, Securities Lending Committees and 15(c) Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $15,000. Each Independent Trustee that serves as a director of subsidiaries of the Exchange-Traded Complex is paid an additional annual retainer of $10,000 (plus an additional $1,765 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius in connection with such Trustee’s service on the boards of certain Mauritius-based subsidiaries). Additionally, any Independent Trustee who travels to the Republic of Mauritius to attend board meetings is paid an additional $12,000 (plus an additional $2,117 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius in connection with such Trustee’s service on the boards of certain Mauritius-based subsidiaries).
The table below sets forth the compensation earned by each Independent Trustee and Interested Trustee from each Fund for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013 and the aggregate compensation paid to them by the Exchange-Traded Complex for the calendar year ended December 31, 2012.
Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI
Brazil Small-Cap ETF
  iShares MSCI
China ETF
  iShares MSCI
China Small-Cap ETF
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   $ 18   $ 447   $ 16
George G.C. Parker   16   402   14
John E. Kerrigan   16   392   14
Charles A. Hurty   18   402   16
Cecilia H. Herbert   16   403   15
John E. Martinez   15   386   14
Madhav V. Rajan   15   386   14
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI
Emerging Markets
Latin America ETF
  iShares MSCI
India ETF
  iShares MSCI
India Small-Cap ETF
Independent Trustees:            
             
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Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI
Emerging Markets
Latin America ETF
  iShares MSCI
India ETF
  iShares MSCI
India Small-Cap ETF
Robert H. Silver   $6   $ 106   $ 1
George G.C. Parker   6   95   1
John E. Kerrigan   6   784   693
Charles A. Hurty   6   106   1
Cecilia H. Herbert   6   787   693
John E. Martinez   5   783   693
Madhav V. Rajan   5   91   1
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   $0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Accrued As
Part of Trust
Expenses1
  Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement1
  Total
Compensation
From the Funds
and Fund Complex2
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 289,835
George G.C. Parker   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   260,165
John E. Kerrigan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   265,510
Charles A. Hurty   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   290,000
Cecilia H. Herbert   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   273,010
John E. Martinez   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   261,760
Madhav V. Rajan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   250,000
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 0
Michael Latham   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   0
             

1 No Trustee or officer is entitled to any pension or retirement benefits from the Trust.
2 Includes compensation for service on the Board of Trustees of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and the Boards of Directors of iShares, Inc. and iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.
The board of directors of each Subsidiary, which is responsible for the overall management and operations of the Subsidiary, is partially comprised of certain members of the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust collectively owned less than 1% of each Fund's outstanding shares as of November 29, 2013.
Although the Trust does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participants (as defined below), as of November 29, 2013, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund were as follows:
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Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  18.02%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.09%
    RBC Dominion Securities, Inc.
200 Bay Street, 6th Floor
Royal Bank Plaza North Tower
Toronto, ON M5J 2W7
  9.03%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.92%
    Deutsche Bank Securities Inc./Cedear
1251 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020
  5.36%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.28%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  5.26%
         
iShares MSCI China ETF   Citibank, N.A.
3800 Citicorp Center Tampa
Building B/Floor 1
Tampa, FL 33610
  24.73%
    Deutsche Bank Securities Inc./Cedear
1251 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020
  18.41%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  14.61%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.29%
         
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  13.83%
    Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  9.94%
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Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.58%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.67%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harborside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.49%
    Deutsche Bank Securities Inc./Cedear
1251 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020
  5.25%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.15%
         
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF   Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  26.53%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  17.08%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.41%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  9.61%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.45%
         
iShares MSCI India ETF   State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  29.27%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  26.29%
    Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  14.41%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  7.77%
    Mellon Trust of New England, National Association
Three Mellon Bank Center
Floor 1533700
Pittsburgh, PA 15259
  7.69%
         
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  20.84%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  14.92%
    Scottrade, Inc.
12855 Flushing Meadow Dr.
St. Louis, MO 63131
  13.08%
    E*Trade Clearing LLC
10911 White Rock Road
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
  9.48%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  6.68%
    VANGUARD Marketing Corporation
100 Vanguard Boulevard
Malvern, PA 19355
  5.34%
Potential Conflicts of Interest.  The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (“PNC”) has a significant economic interest in BlackRock, Inc., the parent of BFA, the Funds' investment adviser. PNC is considered to be an affiliate of BlackRock, Inc., under the 1940 Act. Certain activities of BFA, BlackRock, Inc. and their affiliates (collectively, “BlackRock”) and PNC and its affiliates (collectively, “PNC” and together with BlackRock, “Affiliates”), with respect to the Funds and/or other accounts managed by BlackRock or PNC, may give rise to actual or perceived conflicts of interest such as those described below.
BlackRock is one of the world's largest asset management firms. PNC is a diversified financial services organization spanning the retail, business and corporate markets. BlackRock and PNC are affiliates of one another under the 1940 Act. BlackRock and PNC and their respective affiliates (including, for these purposes, their directors, partners, trustees, managing members, officers and employees), including the entities and personnel who may be involved in the investment activities and business operations of a Fund, are engaged worldwide in businesses, including equity, fixed-income, cash management and alternative investments. These are considerations of which investors in a Fund should be aware, and which may cause conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Fund and its shareholders. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments that may be purchased or sold by a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates have proprietary interests in, and may manage or advise with respect to, accounts or funds (including separate accounts and other funds and collective investment vehicles) that have investment objectives similar to those of a Fund and/or that engage in transactions in the same types of securities, currencies and instruments as the Fund. One or more Affiliates are also major participants in the global currency, equities, swap and fixed-income markets, in each case both on a proprietary basis and for the accounts of customers. As such, one or more Affiliates are or may be actively engaged in transactions in the same securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests. Such activities could
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affect the prices and availability of the securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests, which could have an adverse impact on the Fund's performance. Such transactions, particularly in respect of most proprietary accounts or customer accounts, will be executed independently of a Fund's transactions and thus at prices or rates that may be more or less favorable than those obtained by the Fund. When BlackRock and its Affiliates purchase or sell the same assets for their managed accounts, including a Fund, the assets actually purchased or sold may be allocated among the accounts on a basis determined in their good faith discretion to be equitable. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the size or price of the assets purchased or sold for a Fund. In addition, transactions in investments by one or more other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of a Fund, particularly, but not limited to, with respect to small capitalization, emerging market or less liquid strategies. This may occur when investment decisions regarding a Fund are based on research or other information that is also used to support decisions for other accounts. When BlackRock or its Affiliates implements a portfolio decision or strategy on behalf of another account ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar decisions or strategies for a Fund, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other factors could result in the Fund receiving less favorable trading results and the costs of implementing such decisions or strategies could be increased or the Fund could otherwise be disadvantaged. BlackRock or its Affiliates may, in certain cases, elect to implement internal policies and procedures designed to limit such consequences, which may cause a Fund to be unable to engage in certain activities, including purchasing or disposing of securities, when it might otherwise be desirable for it to do so.
Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding a Fund may benefit other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by a Fund may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by a Fund may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts.
In certain circumstances, BFA, on behalf of a Fund, may seek to buy from or sell securities to another fund or account advised by BFA or an affiliate. BFA may (but is not required to) effect purchases and sales between BFA clients or clients of affiliates (“cross trades”), including a Fund, if BFA believes such transactions are appropriate based on each party's investment objectives and guidelines, subject to applicable law and regulation. There may be potential conflicts of interest or regulatory issues relating to these transactions which could limit BFA’s decision to engage in these transactions for the Fund. BFA may have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities to the parties in such transactions. Where a Fund participates in a cross trade, BFA will comply with procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 17a-7 under the Investment Company Act and applicable SEC guidance.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which a Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of a Fund's investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of BlackRock or its Affiliates or their clients, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
The results of a Fund's investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by BlackRock and its Affiliates for their proprietary accounts or other accounts (including investment companies or collective investment vehicles) managed or advised by them. It is possible that one or more Affiliate-managed accounts and such other accounts will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by a Fund. Moreover, it is possible that a Fund will sustain losses during periods in which one or more Affiliate-managed accounts achieve significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. The opposite result is also possible. The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and accounts under their management may also limit the investment opportunities for a Fund in certain emerging and other markets in which limitations are imposed upon the amount of investment, in the aggregate or in individual issuers, by affiliated foreign investors.
From time to time, a Fund's activities may also be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to one or more Affiliates, and/or their internal policies designed to comply with such restrictions. As a result, there may be periods, for example, when BlackRock, and/or one or more Affiliates, will not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions in certain securities or instruments with respect to which BlackRock and/or one or more Affiliates are performing services or when position limits have been reached.
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In connection with its management of a Fund, BlackRock may have access to certain fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models developed by one or more Affiliates. BlackRock will not be under any obligation, however, to effect transactions on behalf of a Fund in accordance with such analysis and models. In addition, neither BlackRock nor any of its Affiliates will have any obligation to make available any information regarding their proprietary activities or strategies, or the activities or strategies used for other accounts managed by them, for the benefit of the management of a Fund and it is not anticipated that BlackRock will have access to such information for the purpose of managing the Fund. The proprietary activities or portfolio strategies of BlackRock and its Affiliates, or the activities or strategies used for accounts managed by them or other customer accounts could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by BlackRock in managing a Fund.
A Fund may be included in investment models developed by BFA and its affiliates for use by clients and financial advisers. The price, availability and liquidity of a Fund may be impacted by purchases and redemptions of a Fund by model-driven investment portfolios.
In addition, certain principals and certain employees of BlackRock are also principals or employees of Affiliates. As a result, the performance by these principals and employees of their obligations to such other entities may be a consideration of which investors in a Fund should be aware.
BlackRock may enter into transactions and invest in securities, instruments and currencies on behalf of a Fund in which customers of BlackRock or its Affiliates, or, to the extent permitted by the SEC, BlackRock or another Affiliate, serves as the counterparty, principal or issuer. In such cases, such party's interests in the transaction will be adverse to the interests of the Fund, and such party may have no incentive to assure that the Fund obtains the best possible prices or terms in connection with the transactions. In addition, the purchase, holding and sale of such investments by a Fund may enhance the profitability of BlackRock or its Affiliates. One or more Affiliates may also create, write or issue derivatives for their customers, the underlying securities, currencies or instruments of which may be those in which a Fund invests or which may be based on the performance of the Fund. A Fund may, subject to applicable law, purchase investments that are the subject of an underwriting or other distribution by one or more Affiliates and may also enter into transactions with other clients of an Affiliate where such other clients have interests adverse to those of the Fund.
At times, these activities may cause departments of BlackRock or its Affiliates to give advice to clients that may cause these clients to take actions adverse to the interests of the Fund. To the extent affiliated transactions are permitted, a Fund will deal with BlackRock and its Affiliates on an arms-length basis. BlackRock or its Affiliates may also have an ownership interest in certain trading or information systems used by a Fund. A Fund's use of such trading or information systems may enhance the profitability of BlackRock and its Affiliates.
One or more Affiliates may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or adviser or in other commercial capacities for a Fund. It is anticipated that the commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs, financial advisory fees, underwriting and placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, other fees, compensation or profits, rates, terms and conditions charged by an Affiliate will be in its view commercially reasonable, although each Affiliate, including its sales personnel, will have an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts that are favorable to the Affiliate and such sales personnel.
Subject to applicable law, the Affiliates (and their personnel and other distributors) will be entitled to retain fees and other amounts that they receive in connection with their service to the Funds as broker, dealer, agent, lender, adviser or in other commercial capacities and no accounting to the Funds or their respective shareholders will be required, and no fees or other compensation payable by the Funds or their respective shareholders will be reduced by reason of receipt by an Affiliate of any such fees or other amounts.
When an Affiliate acts as broker, dealer, agent, adviser or in other commercial capacities in relation to the Funds, the Affiliate may take commercial steps in its own interests, which may have an adverse effect on the Funds. A Fund will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on the Fund's own credit standing. Neither BlackRock nor any of the Affiliates will have any obligation to allow their credit to be used in connection with a Fund's establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that the Fund's counterparties will rely on the credit of BlackRock or any of the Affiliates in evaluating the Fund's creditworthiness.
Lending on behalf of a Fund is done by BTC pursuant to SEC exemptive relief, enabling BTC to act as securities lending agent to, and receive a share of securities lending revenues from, a Fund. BFA may also receive compensation for managing the reinvestment of the cash collateral from securities lending. There is a potential conflict of interest in that BTC as a lending
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agent may have an incentive to increase the amount of securities on loan or to lend riskier assets in order to generate additional revenue for BTC and its affiliates. However, BTC’s SEC exemptive relief sets forth certain conditions designed to assist in mitigating such conflicts of interest.
Purchases and sales of securities for a Fund may be bunched or aggregated with orders for other BlackRock client accounts. BlackRock, however, is not required to bunch or aggregate orders if portfolio management decisions for different accounts are made separately, or if it determines that bunching or aggregating is not practicable or required, or in cases involving client direction.
Prevailing trading activity frequently may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Funds will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Funds. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Funds will not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.
BlackRock may select brokers (including, without limitation, Affiliates) that furnish BlackRock, the Funds, other BlackRock client accounts or other Affiliates or personnel, directly or through correspondent relationships, with research or other appropriate services which provide, in BlackRock's view, appropriate assistance to BlackRock in the investment decision-making process (including with respect to futures, fixed-price offerings and over-the-counter transactions). Such research or other services may include, to the extent permitted by law, research reports on companies, industries and securities; economic and financial data; financial publications; proxy analysis; trade industry seminars; computer data bases; research-oriented software and other services and products. Research or other services obtained in this manner may be used in servicing any or all of the Funds and other BlackRock client accounts, including in connection with BlackRock client accounts other than those that pay commissions to the broker relating to the research or other service arrangements. Such products and services may disproportionately benefit other BlackRock client accounts relative to the Funds based on the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds and such other BlackRock client accounts. For example, research or other services that are paid for through one client's commissions may not be used in managing that client's account. In addition, other BlackRock client accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products and services that may be provided to the Funds and to such other BlackRock client accounts. To the extent that BlackRock uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products and services itself.
BlackRock may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. To the extent that BlackRock receives research on this basis, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist. For example, the research effectively will be paid by client commissions that also will be used to pay for the execution, clearing, and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by BlackRock.
BlackRock may endeavor to execute trades through brokers who, pursuant to such arrangements, provide research or other services in order to ensure the continued receipt of research or other services BlackRock believes are useful in its investment decision-making process. BlackRock may from time to time choose not to engage in the above described arrangements to varying degrees. BlackRock may also enter into commission sharing arrangements under which BlackRock may execute transactions through a broker-dealer, including, where permitted, an Affiliate, and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to BlackRock. To the extent that BlackRock engages in commission sharing arrangements, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist.
BlackRock may utilize certain electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) in executing client securities transactions for certain types of securities. These ECNs may charge fees for their services, including access fees and transaction fees. The transaction fees, which are similar to commissions or mark-ups/mark-downs, will generally be charged to clients and, like commissions and mark-ups/mark-downs, would generally be included in the cost of the securities purchased. Access fees may be paid by BlackRock even though incurred in connection with executing transactions on behalf of clients, including the Funds. In certain circumstances, ECNs may offer volume discounts that will reduce the access fees typically paid by BlackRock. BlackRock will only utilize ECNs consistent with its obligation to seek to obtain best execution in client transactions.
BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Funds, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with BlackRock's fiduciary obligations to its clients. Nevertheless, notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and
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procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of BlackRock may have the effect of favoring the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of BlackRock and/or its Affiliates, provided that BlackRock believes such voting decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the Proxy Voting Policy section of this SAI.
It is also possible that, from time to time, BlackRock or its Affiliates may, although they are not required to, purchase and hold shares of a Fund. Increasing a Fund's assets may enhance liquidity, investment flexibility and diversification and may contribute to economies of scale that tend to reduce the Fund's expense ratio. BlackRock and its Affiliates reserve the right to sell or redeem at any time some or all of the shares of a Fund acquired for their own accounts. A large sale or redemption of shares of a Fund by BlackRock or its Affiliates could significantly reduce the asset size of the Fund, which might have an adverse effect on the Fund's liquidity, investment flexibility, portfolio diversification and expense ratio. BlackRock will consider the effect of redemptions on a Fund and other shareholders in deciding whether to redeem its shares.
It is possible that a Fund may invest in securities of companies with which an Affiliate has or is trying to develop investment banking relationships as well as securities of entities in which BlackRock or its Affiliates has significant debt or equity investments or in which an Affiliate makes a market. A Fund also may invest in securities of companies to which an Affiliate provides or may someday provide research coverage. Such investments could cause conflicts between the interests of a Fund and the interests of other clients of BlackRock or its Affiliates. In making investment decisions for a Fund, BlackRock is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information acquired by any division, department or Affiliate of BlackRock in the course of these activities. In addition, from time to time, the activities of an Affiliate may limit a Fund's flexibility in purchases and sales of securities. When an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of an entity, BlackRock may be prohibited from purchasing or recommending the purchase of certain securities of that entity for a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates, their personnel and other financial service providers may have interests in promoting sales of the Funds. With respect to BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel, the remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of the Funds or other products may be greater than remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of certain funds or other products that might be provided or offered. BlackRock and its Affiliates and their sales personnel may directly or indirectly receive a portion of the fees and commissions charged to the Funds or their respective shareholders. BlackRock and its advisory or other personnel may also benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. Fees and commissions may also be higher than for other products or services, and the remuneration and profitability to BlackRock or its Affiliates and such personnel resulting from transactions on behalf of or management of the Funds may be greater than the remuneration and profitability resulting from other funds or products.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel may receive greater compensation or greater profit in connection with an account for which BlackRock serves as an adviser than with an account advised by an unaffiliated investment adviser. Differentials in compensation may be related to the fact that BlackRock may pay a portion of its advisory fee to its Affiliate, or relate to compensation arrangements, including for portfolio management, brokerage transactions or account servicing. Any differential in compensation may create a financial incentive on the part of BlackRock or its Affiliates and their personnel to recommend BlackRock over unaffiliated investment advisers or to effect transactions differently in one account over another.
Third parties, including service providers to BFA or a Fund, may sponsor events (including, but not limited to, marketing and promotional activities and presentations, educational training programs and conferences) for registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors. There is a potential conflict of interest as such sponsorships may defray the costs of such activities to BFA, and may provide an incentive to BFA to retain such third parties to provide services to a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may provide valuation assistance to certain clients with respect to certain securities or other investments and the valuation recommendations made for their clients' accounts may differ from the valuations for the same securities or investments assigned by a Fund's pricing vendors, especially if such valuations are based on broker-dealer quotes or other data sources unavailable to the Fund's pricing vendors. While BlackRock will generally communicate its valuation information or determinations to a Fund's pricing vendors and/or fund accountants, there may be instances where the Fund's pricing vendors or fund accountants assign a different valuation to a security or other investment than the valuation for such security or investment determined or recommended by BlackRock.
As disclosed in more detail in the Determination of Net Asset Value section of each Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI, when market valuations are not readily available or such valuations do not reflect current market values, the affected investments will be valued using fair value pricing, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Trust's Board. When determining an asset’s
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“fair value,” BlackRock seeks to determine the price that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive from the current sale of that asset in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what the Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. While fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that BlackRock deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third-party valuation models, fair value represents only a good faith approximation of the value of a security. The fair value of one or more securities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining the Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued by BlackRock (pursuant to Board-adopted procedures) at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders and BlackRock receiving additional revenue.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, a Fund may invest all or some of its short-term cash investments in any money market fund or similarly-managed private fund advised or managed by BlackRock. In connection with any such investments, a Fund, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, may pay its share of expenses of a money market fund in which it invests, which may result in a Fund bearing some additional expenses.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their directors, officers and employees, may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and may have conflicts of interest with respect to investments made on behalf of a Fund. As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by directors, officers, employees and Affiliates of BlackRock that are the same, different from or made at different times than positions taken for the Fund. To lessen the possibility that a Fund will be adversely affected by this personal trading, the Fund, BFA and BlackRock each has adopted a code of ethics in compliance with Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the Fund's portfolio transactions. Each code of ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Each code of ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by e-mail at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-1520.
BlackRock and its Affiliates will not purchase securities or other property from, or sell securities or other property to, a Fund, except that the Fund may in accordance with rules adopted under the 1940 Act engage in transactions with accounts that are affiliated with the Fund as a result of common officers, directors, or investment advisers or pursuant to exemptive orders granted to the Funds and/or BlackRock by the SEC. These transactions would be effected in circumstances in which BlackRock determined that it would be appropriate for a Fund to purchase and another client of BlackRock to sell, or the Fund to sell and another client of BlackRock to purchase, the same security or instrument on the same day. From time to time, the activities of a Fund may be restricted because of regulatory requirements applicable to BlackRock or its Affiliates and/or BlackRock's internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such requirements. A client not advised by BlackRock would not be subject to some of those considerations. There may be periods when BlackRock may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, or may otherwise restrict or limit their advice in certain securities or instruments issued by or related to companies for which an Affiliate is performing investment banking, market making or other services or has proprietary positions. For example, when an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of, or advisory services for, a company, the Funds may be prohibited from or limited in purchasing or selling securities of that company. Similar situations could arise if personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates serve as directors of companies the securities of which the Funds wish to purchase or sell. However, if permitted by applicable law, the Funds may purchase securities or instruments that are issued by such companies or are the subject of an underwriting, distribution, or advisory assignment by an Affiliate, or in cases in which personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates are directors or officers of the issuer.
The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and for client accounts may also limit the investment strategies and rights of the Funds. For example, in certain regulated industries, in certain emerging or international markets, in corporate and regulatory ownership definitions, and in certain futures and derivative transactions, there may be limits on the aggregate amount of investment by affiliated investors that may not be exceeded without the grant of a license or other regulatory or corporate consent or, if exceeded, may cause BlackRock, the Funds or other client accounts to suffer disadvantages or business restrictions.
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If certain aggregate ownership thresholds are reached or certain transactions undertaken, the ability of BlackRock on behalf of clients (including the Funds) to purchase or dispose of investments, or exercise rights or undertake business transactions, may be restricted by regulation or otherwise impaired. As a result, BlackRock, on behalf of clients (including the Funds), may limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict or limit the exercise of rights (including voting rights) when BlackRock, in its sole discretion, deems it appropriate in light of potential regulatory or other restrictions on ownership or other consequences resulting from reaching investment thresholds.
In those circumstances where ownership thresholds or limitations must be observed, BlackRock seeks to allocate limited investment opportunities equitably among clients (including the Funds), taking into consideration benchmark weight and investment strategy. When ownership in certain securities nears an applicable threshold, BlackRock may limit purchases in such securities to the issuer's weighting in the applicable benchmark used by BlackRock to manage a Fund. If client (including Fund) holdings of an issuer exceed an applicable threshold and BlackRock is unable to obtain relief to enable the continued holding of such investments, it may be necessary to sell down these positions to meet the applicable limitations. In these cases, benchmark overweight positions will be sold prior to benchmark positions being reduced to meet applicable limitations.
In addition to the foregoing, other ownership thresholds may trigger reporting requirements to governmental and regulatory authorities, and such reports may entail the disclosure of the identity of a client or BlackRock’s intended strategy with respect to such security or asset.
To the extent permitted by applicable laws, BlackRock and its Affiliates may maintain securities indexes as part of their product offerings. Index based funds seek to track the performance of securities indexes and may use the name of the index in the fund name. Index providers, including BlackRock and its Affiliates may be paid licensing fees for use of their index or index name. BlackRock and its Affiliates will not be obligated to license their indexes to BlackRock, and BlackRock cannot be assured that the terms of any index licensing agreement with BlackRock and its Affiliates will be as favorable as those terms offered to other index licensees.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may serve as Authorized Participants in the creation and redemption of exchange-traded funds, including funds advised by Affiliates of BlackRock. As described in greater detail in the Creations and Redemptions section of each Prospectus, BlackRock and its Affiliates may therefore be deemed to be participants in a distribution of iShares funds that could render them statutory underwriters.
BlackRock may enter into contractual arrangements with third party service providers to a Fund (e.g., custodians, administrators) pursuant to which BlackRock receives fee discounts or concessions in recognition of BlackRock’s overall relationship with such service providers. To the extent that BlackRock is responsible for paying these service providers out of its management fee, the benefits of any such fee discounts or concessions may accrue, in whole or in part, to BlackRock. BlackRock will disclose any material benefits it receives as a result of such fee discounts or concessions to each Fund’s Board.
Present and future activities of BlackRock and its Affiliates, including BFA, in addition to those described in this section, may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services
Investment Adviser.  BFA serves as investment adviser to each Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, and BFA. BFA is a California corporation indirectly owned by BlackRock, Inc. and is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Under the investment advisory agreement, BFA, subject to the supervision of the Board and in conformity with the stated investment policies of each Fund, manages and administers the Trust and the investment of each Fund’s assets. BFA is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and providing continuous supervision of the investment portfolio of each Fund.
Pursuant to the investment advisory agreement, BFA may, from time to time, in its sole discretion and to the extent permitted by applicable law, appoint one or more sub-advisers, including, without limitation, affiliates of BFA, to perform investment advisory or other services with respect to a Fund. In addition, BFA may delegate certain of its investment advisory functions under the investment advisory agreement to one or more of its affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law. BFA may
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terminate any or all sub-advisers or such delegation arrangements in its sole discretion upon appropriate notice at any time to the extent permitted by applicable law.
BFA is responsible, under the investment advisory agreement, for substantially all expenses of the Funds, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. BFA is not responsible for, and the Funds will bear the cost of, interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses and other expenses connected with the execution of portfolio securities transactions, distribution fees and extraordinary expenses.
For its investment advisory services to the Funds, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from each Fund corresponding to the Fund's allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the following iShares funds: iShares MSCI All Peru Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Brazil Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF, iShares MSCI Chile Capped ETF, iShares MSCI China ETF, iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF, iShares MSCI Indonesia ETF, iShares MSCI Israel Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Philippines ETF, iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, iShares MSCI South Africa ETF, iShares MSCI South Korea Capped ETF, iShares MSCI Taiwan ETF, iShares MSCI Thailand Capped ETF and iShares MSCI Turkey ETF. The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows: 0.74% per annum of aggregate net assets less than or equal to $2.0 billion, plus 0.69% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $2.0 billion, up to and including $4.0 billion, plus 0.64% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $4.0 billion, up to and including $8.0 billion, plus 0.57% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $8.0 billion, up to and including $16.0 billion, plus 0.51% per annum of the aggregate net assets over $16.0 billion, up to and including $32.0 billion, plus 0.45% per annum of the aggregate net assets in excess of $32.0 billion.
For its investment advisory services to each Fund, BFA received a management fee at the annual rates (as a percentage of such Fund's average net assets) set forth below for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The following table sets forth the management fees paid by each Fund to BFA for the fiscal years noted:
Fund Management
Fee for
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2013
  Fund
Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2011
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF 0.61%   09/28/10   $ 314,761   $ 308,404   $240,695
iShares MSCI China ETF 0.61%   03/29/11   5,592,484   1,517,138   77,587
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF 0.61%   09/28/10   164,762   99,122   110,634
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF1 0.68%   01/18/12   66,874   21,614   N/A
iShares MSCI India ETF 0.65%   02/02/12   792,833   60,021   N/A
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF 0.74%   02/08/12   31,364   19,152   N/A

1 For the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF, BFA has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee in an amount equal to the Fund’s pro rata share of the fees and expenses attributable to the Fund’s investments in other iShares funds, “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses,” until December 31, 2014. The contractual waiver may be terminated prior to December 31, 2014 only upon written agreement of the Company and BFA. BFA has contractually agreed to waive any additional portion of its management fee for its investment advisory services to the Fund in order to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to 0.49% of average daily net assets until December 31, 2014. The contractual waiver may be terminated prior to December 31, 2014 only upon written agreement of the Company and BFA. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2012 and August 31, 2013, BFA waived $6,039 and $18,685, respectively, of its management fees.
The investment advisory agreement with respect to each Fund continues in effect for two years from its effective date, and thereafter is subject to annual approval by (i) the Board, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the applicable Fund, provided that in either event such continuance also is approved by a majority of the Board members who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the applicable Fund, by a vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The investment advisory agreement with respect to each Fund is terminable without penalty, on 60 days' notice, by the Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act). The investment advisory agreement is also terminable upon 60 days' notice by BFA and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
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Portfolio Managers.  As of August 31, 2013, the individuals named as Portfolio Managers in the Funds' Prospectuses were also primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of other iShares funds and certain other types of portfolios and/or accounts as follows:
Christopher Bliss        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   42   $ 73,800,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   166   466,000,000,000
Other Accounts   158   335,000,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   0
    
Matthew Goff        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   2   $ 26,200,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   0
Other Accounts   2   156,300,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   0
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   229   $446,900,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   19   10,000,000,000
Other Accounts   1   49,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   0
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   229   $446,900,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   0
Other Accounts   0   0
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   0
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   240   $461,700,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   90   37,360,000,000
Other Accounts   3   206,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   0
Each of the portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management seeks to track the rate of return, risk profile and other characteristics of independent third-party indexes by either replicating the same combination of securities that constitute those indexes or through a representative sampling of the securities that constitute those indexes based on objective criteria and data. Pursuant to BFA’s policy, investment opportunities are allocated equitably among the Funds and other portfolios and accounts. For example, under certain circumstances, an investment opportunity may be restricted due to limited supply in the market, legal constraints or other factors, in which event the investment opportunity will be allocated equitably among those portfolios and accounts, including the Funds seeking such investment opportunity. As a consequence, from time to time each Fund may receive a smaller allocation of an investment opportunity than it would have if the Portfolio Managers and BFA and its affiliates did not manage other portfolios or accounts.
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Like the Funds, the other portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management generally pay an asset-based fee to BFA or its affiliates, as applicable, for its advisory services. One or more of those other portfolios or accounts, however, may pay BFA or its affiliates an incentive-based fee in lieu of, or in addition to, an asset-based fee for its advisory services. A portfolio or account with an incentive-based fee would pay BFA or its affiliates a portion of that portfolio’s or account’s gains, or would pay BFA or its affiliates more for its services than would otherwise be the case if BFA or any of its affiliates meets or exceeds specified performance targets. By their nature, incentive-based fee arrangements could present an incentive for BFA or its affiliates to devote greater resources, and allocate more investment opportunities, to the portfolios or accounts that have those fee arrangements, relative to other portfolios or accounts, in order to earn larger fees. Although BFA and each of its affiliates has an obligation to allocate resources and opportunities equitably among portfolios and accounts and intends to do so, shareholders of the Funds should be aware that, as with any group of portfolios and accounts managed by an investment adviser and/or its affiliates pursuant to varying fee arrangements, including incentive-based fee arrangements, there is the potential for a conflict of interest that may result in the Portfolio Managers' favoring those portfolios or accounts with incentive-based fee arrangements.
The tables below show, for each Portfolio Manager, the number of portfolios or accounts of the types set forth in the above tables and the aggregate of total assets in those portfolios or accounts with respect to which the investment management fees are based on the performance of those portfolios or accounts as of August 31, 2013:
Christopher Bliss        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Matthew Goff        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
    
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Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees
Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   N/A   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   N/A   N/A
Other Accounts   N/A   N/A
The discussion below describes the Portfolio Managers' compensation as of August 31, 2013.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Overview
BlackRock, Inc.'s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a performance-based discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock, Inc.
Base compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm.
Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, Inc., the performance of the portfolio manager's group within BlackRock, Inc. and the individual's performance and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock, Inc.
Distribution of Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash and BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units which vest ratably over a number of years. The BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units, if properly vested, will be settled in BlackRock, Inc. common stock. Typically, the cash bonus, when combined with base salary, represents more than 60% of total compensation for the portfolio managers. Paying a portion of annual bonuses in stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year “at risk” based on BlackRock, Inc.'s ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods.
Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards — From time to time, long-term incentive equity awards are granted to certain key employees to aid in retention, align their interests with long-term shareholder interests and motivate performance. Equity awards are generally granted in the form of BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units that, once vested, settle in BlackRock, Inc. common stock.
Other Compensation Benefits. In addition to base compensation and discretionary incentive compensation, portfolio managers may be eligible to receive or participate in one or more of the following:
Incentive Savings Plans — BlackRock, Inc. has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock, Inc. employees are eligible to participate, including a 401(k) plan, the BlackRock Retirement Savings Plan (“RSP”), and the BlackRock Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The employer contribution components of the RSP include a company match equal to 50% of the first 8% of eligible pay contributed to the plan capped at $5,000 per year, and a company retirement contribution equal to 3-5% of eligible compensation up to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) limit ($255,000 for 2013). The RSP offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies and collective investment funds managed by the firm. BlackRock, Inc. contributions follow the investment direction set by participants for their own contributions or, absent participant investment direction, are invested into an index target date fund that corresponds to, or is closest to, the year in which the participant attains age 65. The ESPP allows for investment in BlackRock, Inc. common stock at a 5% discount on the fair market value of the stock on the purchase date. Annual participation in the ESPP is limited to the purchase of 1,000 shares of common stock or a dollar value of $25,000 based on its fair market value on the Purchase Date. Christopher Bliss, Matthew Goff, Diane Hsiung, Jennifer Hsui and Greg Savage are each eligible to participate in these plans.
As of August 31, 2013, the Portfolio Managers beneficially owned shares of the Funds, for which they are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management, in the amounts reflected in the following tables:
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Christopher Bliss                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI China ETF X                        
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF X                        
iShares MSCI India ETF X                        
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF X                        
    
Matthew Goff                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI China ETF X                        
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF X                        
iShares MSCI India ETF X                        
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF X                        
    
Diane Hsiung                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI China ETF X                        
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF X                        
iShares MSCI India ETF X                        
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF X                        
    
Jennifer Hsui                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI China ETF X                        
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF X                        
iShares MSCI India ETF X                        
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF X                        
    
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Greg Savage                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI China ETF X                        
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF X                        
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF X                        
iShares MSCI India ETF X                        
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF X                        
Codes of Ethics.  The Trust, BFA and the Distributor have adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The codes of ethics permit personnel subject to the codes of ethics to invest in securities, subject to certain limitations, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements.  The Funds are subject to the USA PATRIOT Act (the “Patriot Act”). The Patriot Act is intended to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system in furtherance of money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities. Pursuant to requirements under the Patriot Act, a Fund may request information from Authorized Participants to enable it to form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its Authorized Participants. This information will be used to verify the identity of Authorized Participants or, in some cases, the status of financial professionals; it will be used only for compliance with the requirements of the Patriot Act.
The Funds reserve the right to reject purchase orders from persons who have not submitted information sufficient to allow the Fund to verify their identity. Each Fund also reserves the right to redeem any amounts in a Fund from persons whose identity it is unable to verify on a timely basis. It is the Funds' policy to cooperate fully with appropriate regulators in any investigations conducted with respect to potential money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) serves as administrator, custodian and transfer agent for the Funds under the Master Services Agreement and related Service Schedule (the “Service Module”). State Street’s principal address is 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116. Pursuant to the Service Module for Fund Administration and Accounting Services with the Trust, State Street provides necessary administrative, legal, tax and accounting and financial reporting services for the maintenance and operations of the Trust and each Fund. In addition, State Street makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services. Pursuant to the Service Module for Custodial Services with the Trust, State Street maintains, in separate accounts, cash, securities and other assets of the Trust and each Fund, keeps all necessary accounts and records and provides other services. State Street is required, upon the order of the Trust, to deliver securities held by State Street and to make payments for securities purchased by the Trust for each Fund. State Street is authorized to appoint certain foreign custodians or foreign custody managers for Fund investments outside the United States. Pursuant to the Service Module for Transfer Agency Services with the Trust, State Street acts as a transfer agent for each Fund’s authorized and issued shares of beneficial interest, and as dividend disbursing agent of the Trust. As compensation for these services, State Street receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by BFA from its management fee.
The following table sets forth the administration, custodian and transfer agency expenses of each Fund paid by BFA to State Street for the fiscal years noted:
Subsidiary Administrator.  International Financial Services Limited (“IFS”) serves as the Subsidiary's Mauritius administrator. Pursuant to an agreement with IFS, the Subsidiary pays a fee for administrative, legal, tax and accounting services to IFS for certain shareholder services and for providing office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services to the Subsidiary.
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Fund Fund
Inception
Date
  Administration,
Custodian,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended August 31, 2013
  Administration,
Custodian,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended August 31, 2012
  Administration,
Custodian,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended August 31, 2011
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF 09/28/10   $ 43,093   $52,626   $89,240
iShares MSCI China ETF 03/29/11   136,144   66,513   14,974
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF 09/28/10   29,518   26,112   45,729
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF 01/18/12   17,506   14,625   N/A
iShares MSCI India ETF 02/02/12   4,332   4,224   N/A
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF 02/08/12   734   11,504   N/A
Distributor.  The Distributor's principal address is 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Funds through the Distributor or its agent only in Creation Units, as described in the applicable Prospectus and below in the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Fund shares in amounts less than Creation Units are generally not distributed by the Distributor or its agent. The Distributor or its agent will arrange for the delivery of the applicable Prospectus and, upon request, this SAI to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it or its agents and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it or its agents. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
The Distribution Agreement for each Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on at least 60 days' prior written notice to the other party following (i) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the relevant Fund. The Distribution Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Fund shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as defined below), DTC participants and/or investor services organizations.
BFA or its affiliates may, from time to time and from its own resources, pay, defray or absorb costs relating to distribution, including payments out of its own resources to the Distributor, or to otherwise promote the sale of shares.
The Distributor has served as the Funds' distributor since April 1, 2012. Prior to that date, SEI Investments Distribution Co. (“SEI”), located at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, PA 19456, served as the distributor to the Funds. The following table sets forth the compensation paid by BFA to SEI for certain services, not primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares, provided to each Fund during the fiscal years noted:
Fund Fund
Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
April 1, 2012
to
August 31, 20121
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
September 1, 2011
to
March 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2011
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF 09/28/10   $7,721   $3,318   $6,270   $ 11,753
iShares MSCI China ETF 03/29/11   7,721   3,318   6,270   6,045
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF 09/28/10   7,721   3,318   6,270   11,753
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF 01/18/12   7,721   3,318   6,270   N/A
iShares MSCI India ETF 02/02/12   7,721   3,318   6,270   N/A
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF 02/08/12   7,721   3,318   6,270   N/A

1 BRIL serves as the distributor to the Funds effective April 1, 2012. These fees reflect payments made to SEI, acting as an agent of the Distributor.
2 SEI served as the distributor to the Funds through March 31, 2012.
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Payments by BFA and its Affiliates. BFA and/or its affiliates (“BFA Entities”) pay certain broker-dealers, registered investment advisers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Funds, other iShares funds or exchange-traded products in general. BFA Entities make these payments from their own assets and not from the assets of the Funds. Although a portion of BFA Entities’ revenue comes directly or indirectly in part from fees paid by the Funds and other iShares funds, these payments do not increase the price paid by investors for the purchase of shares of, or the cost of owning, the Funds or other iShares funds. BFA Entities make payments for Intermediaries’ participation in activities that are designed to make registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Funds, or for other activities, such as participation in marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems (“Education Costs”). BFA Entities also make payments to Intermediaries for certain printing, publishing and mailing costs associated with the Funds or materials relating to exchange-traded products in general (“Publishing Costs”). In addition, BFA Entities make payments to Intermediaries that make shares of the Funds and certain other iShares funds available to their clients, develop new products that feature iShares or otherwise promote the Funds and other iShares funds. BFA Entities may also reimburse expenses or make payments from their own assets to Intermediaries or other persons in consideration of services or other activities that the BFA Entities believe may benefit the iShares business or facilitate investment in iShares funds. Payments of the type described above are sometimes referred to as revenue-sharing payments.
Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your salesperson or other investment professional may also be significant for your salesperson or other investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it will recommend or make available to its clients or what services to provide for various products based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments may create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients and these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Funds and other iShares funds over other investments. The same conflict of interest and financial incentive exist with respect to your salesperson or other investment professional if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.
As of March 1, 2013, BFA Entities have contractual arrangements to make payments (in addition to payments for Education Costs or Publishing Costs) to one Intermediary, Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (“FBS”). Pursuant to this special, long-term and significant arrangement (the “Marketing Program”), FBS and certain affiliates (collectively “Fidelity”) have agreed, among other things, to actively promote iShares funds to customers and investment professionals and in advertising campaigns as the preferred exchange-traded product, to offer certain iShares funds in certain Fidelity platforms and investment programs, in some cases at a reduced commission rate or commission free, and to provide marketing data to BFA Entities. BFA Entities have agreed to facilitate the Marketing Program by, among other things, making certain payments to FBS for marketing and implementing certain brokerage and investment programs. Upon termination of the arrangement, the BFA Entities will make additional payments to FBS based upon a number of criteria, including the overall success of the Marketing Program and the level of services provided by FBS during the wind-down period.
Any additions, modifications, or deletions to Intermediaries listed above that have occurred since the date noted above are not included in the list. Further, BFA Entities make Education Costs and Publishing Costs payments to other Intermediaries that are not listed above. BFA Entities may determine to make such payments based on any number of metrics. For example, BFA Entities may make payments at year-end or other intervals in a fixed amount, an amount based upon an Intermediary’s services at defined levels or an amount based on the Intermediary’s net sales of one or more iShares funds in a year or other period, any of which arrangements may include an agreed-upon minimum or maximum payment, or any combination of the foregoing. As of the date of this SAI, BFA anticipates that the payments paid by BFA Entities in connection with the Funds, iShares funds and exchange-traded products in general will be immaterial to BFA Entities in the aggregate for the next year. Please contact your salesperson or other investment professional for more information regarding any such payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the BFA Entities to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy shares of iShares funds.
The Funds may participate in certain market maker incentive programs of a national securities exchange in which an affiliate of the Funds would pay a fee to the exchange used for the purpose of incentivizing one or more market makers in the securities of a Fund to enhance the liquidity and quality of the secondary market of securities of a Fund. The fee would then be credited by the exchange to one or more market makers that meet or exceed liquidity and market quality standards with respect to the securities of a Fund. Each market maker incentive program is subject to approval from the SEC. Any such fee
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payments made to an exchange will be made by an affiliate of a Fund solely for the benefit of a Fund and will not be paid from any Fund assets.
Determination of Net Asset Value
Valuation of Shares. The NAV for a Fund is generally calculated as of the close of regular trading hours on the NYSE (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each business day the NYSE is open. Valuation of securities held by a Fund is as follows:
Equity Investments. Equity securities traded on a recognized securities exchange (e.g., NYSE), separate trading boards of a securities exchange or through a market system that provides contemporaneous transaction pricing information (an “Exchange”) are valued using information obtained via independent pricing services, generally the Exchange closing price, or if an Exchange closing price is not available, the last traded price on that Exchange prior to the time as of which a Fund’s assets or liabilities are valued. However, under certain circumstances other means of determining current market value may be used. If an equity security is traded on more than one Exchange, the current market value of the security where it is primarily traded generally will be used. In the event that there are no sales involving an equity security held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such security, the prior day’s price will be used, unless, in accordance with valuation procedures approved by a Fund’s Board (the “Valuation Procedures”), BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the security, in which case such asset would be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below).
Fixed Income Investments. In accordance with the Valuation Procedures, fixed income securities for which market quotations are readily available are generally valued using such securities’ most recent bid prices provided directly from one or more broker-dealers, market makers, or independent third-party pricing services, each of which may use matrix pricing and valuation models, as well as recent market transactions for the same or similar assets to derive values. The amortized cost method of valuation may be used with respect to debt obligations with sixty days or less remaining to maturity unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such method does not represent fair value. Loan participation notes are generally valued at the mean of the last available bid prices from one or more brokers or dealers as obtained from independent third-party pricing services. Certain fixed income investments, including asset-backed and mortgage-related securities, may be valued based on valuation models that consider the estimated cash flows of each tranche of the entity, establish a benchmark yield and develop an estimated tranche specific spread to the benchmark yield based on the unique attributes of the tranche. Fixed income securities for which market quotations are not readily available may be valued by third-party pricing services that make a valuation determination by securing transaction data (e.g., recent representative bids), credit quality information, perceived market movements, news, and other relevant information and by other methods, which may include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from dealers; and general market conditions.
Options, Futures, Swaps and Other Derivatives. Exchange-traded equity options for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices as quoted on the Exchange or the board of trade on which such options are traded. In the event that there is no mean price available for an exchange traded equity option held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such option, the last bid (long positions) or ask (short positions) price, if available, will be used as the value of such option. If no such bid or ask price is available on a day on which a Fund values such option, the prior day’s price will be used, unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the option in which case such option will be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below). Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives may be valued using a mathematical model which may incorporate a number of market data factors. Financial futures contracts and options thereon, which are traded on exchanges, are valued at their settle price as of the close of such exchanges. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
Underlying Funds. Shares of underlying exchange-traded funds will be valued at their most recent closing price on an Exchange. Shares of underlying money market funds will be valued at their net asset value.
General Valuation Information. In determining the market value of portfolio investments, a Fund may employ independent third-party pricing services, which may use, without limitation, a matrix or formula method that takes into consideration market indexes, matrices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. This may result in the securities being valued at a price
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different from the price that would have been determined had the matrix or formula method not been used. All cash, receivables and current payables are carried on a Fund’s books at their face value.
Prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services, broker-dealers or market makers to value a Fund’s securities and other assets and liabilities are based on information available at the time a Fund values its assets and liabilities. In the event that a pricing service quotation is revised or updated subsequent to the day on which the Fund valued such security or other asset or liability, the revised pricing service quotation generally will be applied prospectively. Such determination will be made considering pertinent facts and circumstances surrounding the revision.
Certain types of securities, including many fixed income securities, trade infrequently and there may be no current market transactions or recent representative bids for such securities. To the extent that prices for such securities are not reflective of current market transactions or recent representative bids, a Fund will value such securities in good faith in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
In the event that application of the methods of valuation discussed above result in a price for a security which is deemed not to be representative of the fair market value of such security, the security will be valued by, under the direction of or in accordance with a method specified by a Fund’s Board as reflecting fair value. All other assets and liabilities (including securities for which market quotations are not readily available) held by a Fund (including restricted securities) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by a Fund’s Board or by BlackRock (its delegate) pursuant to the Valuation Procedures. Any assets and liabilities which are denominated in a foreign currency are converted into U.S. dollars at the prevailing rates of exchange at such times as may be determined by a Fund from time to time.
Certain of the securities acquired by a Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges or over-the-counter markets on days on which a Fund’s net asset value is not calculated. In such cases, the net asset value of a Fund’s shares may be significantly affected on days when investors can neither purchase nor redeem shares of a Fund.
Use of fair value prices and certain current market valuations could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate a Fund’s NAV and the prices used in the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between a Fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Fair Value. When market quotations are not readily available or are believed in good faith by BlackRock to be unreliable, a Fund’s investments are valued at fair value (“Fair Value Assets”). Fair Value Assets are valued by BlackRock in accordance with the Valuation Procedures. BlackRock may reasonably conclude that a market quotation is not readily available or is unreliable if, among other things, a security or other asset or liability does not have a price source due to its lack of trading, if BlackRock believes in good faith that a market quotation from a broker-dealer or other source is unreliable (e.g., where it varies significantly from a recent trade, or no longer reflects the fair value of the security or other asset or liability subsequent to the most recent market quotation), where the security or other asset or liability is only thinly traded or due to the occurrence of a significant event subsequent to the most recent market quotation. For this purpose, a “significant event” is deemed to occur if BlackRock determines, in its reasonable business judgment, that an event has occurred after the close of trading for an asset or liability but prior to or at the time of pricing a Fund’s assets or liabilities, and that the event is likely to cause a material change to the closing market price of the assets or liabilities held by a Fund. Non-U.S. securities whose values are affected by volatility that occurs in U.S. markets for related or highly correlated assets (e.g., ADRs, GDRs or ETFs) on a trading day after the close of non-U.S. securities markets may be fair valued. On any date the NYSE is open and a foreign market or the primary exchange on which a foreign asset or liability is traded is closed, such asset or liability will be valued using the prior day’s price, provided that BlackRock is not aware of any significant event or other information that would cause such price to no longer reflect the fair value of the asset or liability, in which case such asset or liability would be treated as a Fair Value Asset.
BlackRock, with input from the BlackRock Investment Strategy Group, will submit its recommendations regarding the valuation and/or valuation methodologies for Fair Value Assets to BlackRock’s Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee may accept, modify or reject any recommendations. In addition, a Fund’s accounting agent periodically endeavors to confirm the prices it receives from all third-party pricing services, index providers and broker-dealers, and, with the assistance of BlackRock, to regularly evaluate the values assigned to the securities and other assets and liabilities held by a Fund. The pricing of all Fair Value Assets is subsequently reported to and, where appropriate, ratified by the Board.
When determining the price for a Fair Value Asset, the BlackRock Valuation Committee (or BlackRock’s Pricing Group) will seek to determine the price that a Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of that asset or liability in
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an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what a Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. Fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that the Valuation Committee (or Pricing Group) deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third party valuation models.
Fair value represents a good faith approximation of the value of an asset or liability. When determining fair value of an asset, one or more of a variety of fair valuation methodologies may be used (depending on factors including the asset type). For example, the asset may be priced on the basis of the original cost of the investment or, alternatively, using proprietary or third-party models (including models that rely upon direct portfolio management pricing inputs and which reflect the significance attributed to the various factors and assumptions being considered). Prices of actual, executed or historical transactions in the relevant asset and/or liability (or related or comparable assets and/or liabilities) or, where appropriate, an appraisal by a third party experienced in the valuation of similar assets and/or liabilities, may also be used as a basis for establishing the fair value of an asset or liability. The fair value of one or more assets or liabilities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets or liabilities could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining a Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
Each Fund’s annual audited financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), follow the requirements for valuation set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), which defines and establishes a framework for measuring fair value under US GAAP and expands financial statement disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements. Generally, ASC 820 and other accounting rules applicable to funds and various assets in which they invest are evolving. Such changes may adversely affect a Fund. For example, the evolution of rules governing the determination of the fair market value of assets or liabilities to the extent such rules become more stringent would tend to increase the cost and/or reduce the availability of third-party determinations of fair market value. This may in turn increase the costs associated with selling assets or affect their liquidity due to a Fund’s inability to obtain a third-party determination of fair market value.
Brokerage Transactions
Subject to policies established by the Board, BFA is primarily responsible for the execution of a Fund’s portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage. BFA does not execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer, but seeks to obtain the best net results for the Funds, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, operational facilities of the firm and the firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. While BFA generally seeks reasonable trade execution costs, a Fund does not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available, and payment of the lowest commission or spread is not necessarily consistent with obtaining the best price and execution in particular transactions. Subject to applicable legal requirements, BFA may select a broker based partly upon brokerage or research services provided to BFA and its clients, including a Fund. In return for such services, BFA may cause a Fund to pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if BFA determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
In selecting brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, BFA seeks to obtain the best price and most favorable execution for a Fund and may take into account a variety of factors including: (i) the size, nature and character of the security or instrument being traded and the markets in which it is purchased or sold; (ii) the desired timing of the transaction; (iii) BFA’s knowledge of the expected commission rates and spreads currently available; (iv) the activity existing and expected in the market for the particular security or instrument, including any anticipated execution difficulties; (v) the full range of brokerage services provided; (vi) the broker’s or dealer’s capital; (vii) the quality of research and research services provided; (viii) the reasonableness of the commission, dealer spread or its equivalent for the specific transaction; and (ix) BFA’s knowledge of any actual or apparent operational problems of a broker or dealer. Brokers may also be selected because of their ability to handle special or difficult executions, such as may be involved in large block trades, less liquid securities, or other circumstances.
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Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act (“Section 28(e)”) permits an investment adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause an account to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction that exceeds the amount another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the same transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by that broker or dealer. This includes commissions paid on riskless principal transactions under certain conditions.
From time to time, a Fund may purchase new issues of securities in a fixed price offering. In these situations, the broker may be a member of the selling group that will, in addition to selling securities, provide BFA with research services. FINRA has adopted rules expressly permitting these types of arrangements under certain circumstances. Generally, the broker will provide research “credits” in these situations at a rate that is higher than that available for typical secondary market transactions. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e).
The Funds anticipate that brokerage transactions involving foreign securities generally will be conducted primarily on the principal stock exchanges of the applicable country. Foreign equity securities may be held by the Funds in the form of depositary receipts, or other securities convertible into foreign equity securities. Depositary receipts may be listed on stock exchanges, or traded in over-the-counter markets in the United States or Europe, as the case may be. American Depositary Receipts, like other securities traded in the United States, will be subject to negotiated commission rates.
OTC issues, including most fixed income securities such as corporate debt and U.S. Government securities, are normally traded on a “net” basis without a stated commission, through dealers acting for their own account and not as brokers. The Funds will primarily engage in transactions with these dealers or deal directly with the issuer unless a better price or execution could be obtained by using a broker. Prices paid to a dealer with respect to both foreign and domestic securities will generally include a “spread,” which is the difference between the prices at which the dealer is willing to purchase and sell the specific security at the time, and includes the dealer’s normal profit.
Under the Investment Company Act, persons affiliated with a Fund and persons who are affiliated with such affiliated persons are prohibited from dealing with the Fund as principal in the purchase and sale of securities unless a permissive order allowing such transactions is obtained from the Commission. Since transactions in the OTC market usually involve transactions with the dealers acting as principal for their own accounts, the Funds will not deal with affiliated persons, including PNC and its affiliates, in connection with such transactions. The Funds will not purchase securities during the existence of any underwriting or selling group relating to such securities of which BFA, PNC, BRIL or any affiliated person (as defined in the Investment Company Act) thereof is a member except pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board in accordance with Rule 10f-3 under the Investment Company Act.
Purchases of money market instruments by the Funds are made from dealers, underwriters and issuers. The Funds do not currently expect to incur any brokerage commission expense on such transactions because money market instruments are generally traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission. The price of the security, however, usually includes a profit to the dealer.
BFA may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions.
Securities purchased in underwritten offerings include a fixed amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s concession or discount. When securities are purchased or sold directly from or to an issuer, no commissions or discounts are paid.
Investment decisions for the Funds and for other investment accounts managed by BFA and its affiliates are made independently of each other in light of differing conditions. A variety of factors will be considered in making investment allocations. These factors include: (i) investment objectives or strategies for particular accounts, including sector, industry, country or region and capitalization weightings; (ii) tax considerations of an account; (iii) risk or investment concentration parameters for an account; (iv) supply or demand for a security at a given price level; (v) size of available investment; (vi) cash availability and liquidity requirements for accounts; (vii) regulatory restrictions; (viii) minimum investment size of an account; (ix) relative size of account; and (x) such other factors as may be approved by BlackRock’s general counsel. Moreover, investments may not be allocated to one client account over another based on any of the following considerations: (i) to favor one client account at the expense of another; (ii) to generate higher fees paid by one client account over another or to produce greater performance compensation to BlackRock; (iii) to develop or enhance a relationship with a client or
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prospective client; (iv) to compensate a client for past services or benefits rendered to BlackRock or to induce future services or benefits to be rendered to BlackRock; or (v) to manage or equalize investment performance among different client accounts. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest.
Initial public offerings of securities may be over-subscribed and subsequently trade at a premium in the secondary market. When BFA is given an opportunity to invest in such an initial offering or “new” or “hot” issue, the supply of securities available for client accounts is often less than the amount of securities the accounts would otherwise take. In order to allocate these investments fairly and equitably among client accounts over time, each portfolio manager or a member of his or her respective investment team will indicate to BFA’s trading desk their level of interest in a particular offering with respect to eligible clients’ accounts for which that team is responsible. Initial public offerings of U.S. equity securities will be identified as eligible for particular client accounts that are managed by portfolio teams who have indicated interest in the offering based on market capitalization of the issuer of the security and the investment mandate of the client account and in the case of international equity securities, the country where the offering is taking place and the investment mandate of the client account. Generally, shares received during the initial public offering will be allocated among participating client accounts within each investment mandate on a pro rata basis. This pro rata allocation may result in a Fund receiving less of a particular security than if pro-ration had not occurred. All allocations of securities will be subject, where relevant, to share minimums established for accounts and compliance constraints. In situations where supply is too limited to be allocated among all accounts for which the investment is eligible, portfolio managers may rotate such investment opportunities among one or more accounts so long as the rotation system provides for fair access for all client accounts over time. Other allocation methodologies that are considered by BFA to be fair and equitable to clients may be used as well.
Because different accounts may have differing investment objectives and policies, BFA may buy and sell the same securities at the same time for different clients based on the particular investment objective, guidelines and strategies of those accounts. For example, BFA may decide that it may be entirely appropriate for a growth fund to sell a security at the same time a value fund is buying that security. To the extent that transactions on behalf of more than one client of BFA or its affiliates during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price. For example, sales of a security by BlackRock on behalf of one or more of its clients may decrease the market price of such security, adversely impacting other BlackRock clients that still hold the security. If purchases or sales of securities arise for consideration at or about the same time that would involve the Funds or other clients or funds for which BFA or an affiliate act as investment manager, transactions in such securities will be made, insofar as feasible, for the respective funds and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all.
In certain instances, BFA may find it efficient for purposes of seeking to obtain best execution, to aggregate or “bunch” certain contemporaneous purchases or sale orders of its advisory accounts and advisory accounts of affiliates. In general, all contemporaneous trades for client accounts under management by the same portfolio manager or investment team will be bunched in a single order if the trader believes the bunched trade would provide each client with an opportunity to achieve a more favorable execution at a potentially lower execution cost. The costs associated with a bunched order will be shared pro rata among the clients in the bunched order. Generally, if an order for a particular portfolio manager or management team is filled at several different prices through multiple trades, all accounts participating in the order will receive the average price except in the case of certain international markets where average pricing is not permitted. While in some cases this practice could have a detrimental effect upon the price or value of the security as far as the Funds are concerned, in other cases it could be beneficial to the Funds. Transactions effected by BFA or its affiliates on behalf of more than one of its clients during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, causing an adverse effect on price. The trader will give the bunched order to the broker-dealer that the trader has identified as being able to provide the best execution of the order. Orders for purchase or sale of securities will be placed within a reasonable amount of time of the order receipt and bunched orders will be kept bunched only long enough to execute the order.
The table below sets forth the brokerage commissions paid by each Fund for the fiscal years noted. Any differences in brokerage commissions paid by a Fund from year to year are due to increases or decreases in that Fund’s assets over those periods:
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Fund Fund
Inception
Date
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended August 31, 2013
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended August 31, 2012
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended August 31, 2011
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF 09/28/10   $ 22,205   $34,484   $25,228
iShares MSCI China ETF 03/29/11   31,050   17,591   1,411
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF 09/28/10   2,889   4,063   4,991
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF 01/18/12   6,136   2,141   N/A
iShares MSCI India ETF 02/02/12   319,987   9,361   N/A
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF 02/08/12   1,523   1,443   N/A
None of the Funds paid any brokerage commissions to BlackRock, an affiliate of BFA, or a subsidiary of BTC, during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2013.
The Funds' purchase and sale orders for securities may be combined with those of other investment companies, clients or accounts that BFA or its affiliates manage or advise and for which they have brokerage placement authority. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Funds and one or more other accounts managed or advised by BFA or its affiliates are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the Funds and the other accounts in a manner deemed equitable to all by BFA and its affiliates. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as the Funds are concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower transaction costs will be beneficial to the Funds. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest. BFA and its affiliates may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions. The Funds will not deal with affiliates in principal transactions unless permitted by applicable SEC rules or regulations, or by SEC exemptive order.
Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates may result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses.
The table below sets forth the portfolio turnover rates of each Fund for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2013
  Fiscal Year
Ended
August 31, 2012
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF   51%   67%
iShares MSCI China ETF   10%   8%
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF   27%   33%
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF   12%   3%
iShares MSCI India ETF*   176%   4%
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF   26%   6%

* For the fiscal years ended August 31, 2012 and 2013, the iShares MSCI India ETF portfolio turnover rate was 4% and 176%, respectively. The increase in the portfolio turnover rate was due to market conditions that resulted in a high number of creation and redemption transactions.
Creation or redemption transactions, to the extent consisting of cash, may require a Fund to contemporaneously transact with broker-dealers for purchases of Deposit Securities (as defined below under Fund Deposit) or sales of Fund Securities (as defined below under Redemption of Creation Units), including any foreign exchange, as applicable. Such transactions with a particular broker-dealer may be conditioned upon the broker-dealer’s agreement to transact at guaranteed price levels in order to reduce transaction costs the Funds would otherwise incur as a consequence of settling creation or redemption baskets in cash rather than in-kind.
Following each Fund’s receipt of an order to purchase or redeem creation or redemption baskets, to the extent such purchases or redemptions consist of a cash portion, the Fund may enter an order with a broker or dealer to purchase or sell
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the Deposit Securities or Fund Securities, including any foreign exchange, as applicable. The terms of such order may, depending on the timing of the transaction and certain other factors, require the broker or dealer to guarantee that a Fund will achieve execution of its order at a price at least as favorable to the Fund as the Fund’s valuation of the Deposit Securities/Fund Securities used for purposes of calculating the NAV applied to the creation or redemption transaction giving rise to the order (the “Execution Performance Guarantee”). Such orders may be placed with the purchasing or redeeming Authorized Participant in its capacity as a broker-dealer or with its affiliated broker-dealer. The amount payable to each Fund in respect of any Execution Performance Guarantee will depend on the results achieved by the executing firm and will vary depending on market activity, timing and a variety of other factors.
To ensure that an Execution Performance Guarantee will be honored on orders arising from creation transactions executed by an Authorized Participant or its affiliate as broker-dealer, an Authorized Participant is required to deposit an amount with each Fund (the “Execution Performance Deposit”). If the broker-dealer executing the order achieves executions in market transactions at a price equal to or more favorable than a Fund’s valuation of the Deposit Securities, the Fund receives the benefit of the favorable executions and returns to the Authorized Participant the Execution Performance Deposit. If, however, the broker-dealer executing the order is unable to achieve executions in market transactions at a price at least equal to a Fund’s valuation of the securities, the Fund retains the portion of the Execution Performance Deposit equal to the full amount of the execution shortfall (including any taxes, brokerage commissions, foreign exchange or other costs) and may require the Authorized Participant to deposit any additional amount required to cover the full amount of the actual Execution Performance Guarantee.
To ensure that an Execution Performance Guarantee will be honored for brokerage orders arising from redemption transactions executed by an Authorized Participant or its affiliate as broker-dealer, an Authorized Participant agrees to pay the shortfall amount (the “Execution Performance Offset”). If the broker-dealer executing the order achieves executions in market transactions at a price equal to or more favorable than a Fund’s valuation of the Fund Securities, the Fund receives the benefit of the favorable executions and the Authorized Participant is not called upon to honor the Execution Performance Offset. If, however, the broker-dealer is unable to achieve executions in market transactions at a price at least equal to a Fund’s valuation of the securities, the Fund will be entitled to the portion of the Execution Performance Offset equal to the full amount of the execution shortfall (including any taxes, brokerage commissions, foreign exchange or other costs).
The circumstances under which the Execution Performance Guarantee will be used and the expected amount of any Execution Performance Deposit or Execution Performance Offset for a Fund will be disclosed in the procedures handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time based on the actual experience of the Fund.
Additional Information Concerning the Trust
Shares. The Trust currently consists of more than 235 separate investment series or portfolios called funds. The Trust issues shares of beneficial interests in the funds with no par value. The Board may designate additional iShares funds.
Each share issued by a fund has a pro rata interest in the assets of that fund. Shares have no preemptive, exchange, subscription or conversion rights and are freely transferable. Each share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by the Board with respect to the relevant fund, and in the net distributable assets of such fund on liquidation.
Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which the shareholder is entitled to vote. In any matter submitted to shareholders for a vote, each fund shall hold a separate vote, provided that shareholders of all affected funds will vote together when: (1) required by the 1940 Act, or (2) the Trustees determine that the matter affects the interests of more than one fund.
Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. The policy of the Trust is not to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. All shares (regardless of the fund) have noncumulative voting rights in the election of members of the Board. Under Delaware law, Trustees of the Trust may be removed by vote of the shareholders.
Following the creation of the initial Creation Unit(s) of shares of a fund and immediately prior to the commencement of trading in such fund’s shares, a holder of shares may be a “control person” of the fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. A fund cannot predict the length of time for which one or more shareholders may remain a control person of the fund.
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In accordance with the Trust's Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 17, 2009 (the “Declaration of Trust”), the Board may, without shareholder approval (unless such shareholder approval is required by applicable law, including the 1940 Act), cause one or more funds commencing operations after September 24, 2008 (each, a “New Fund”) to merge, reorganize, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of their assets, or take other similar actions with, to or into another New Fund.
Shareholders may make inquiries by writing to iShares Trust, c/o BlackRock Investments, LLC, 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310.
Absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, beneficial owners of more than 5% of the shares of a fund may be subject to the reporting provisions of Section 13 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. In addition, absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, officers and trustees of a fund and beneficial owners of 10% of the shares of a fund (“Insiders”) may be subject to the insider reporting, short-swing profit and short sale provisions of Section 16 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. Beneficial owners and Insiders should consult with their own legal counsel concerning their obligations under Sections 13 and 16 of the 1934 Act.
Termination of the Trust or a Fund.  The Trust or a Fund may be terminated by a majority vote of the Board, subject to the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders of the Trust or such Fund entitled to vote on termination; however, in certain circumstances described in the Declaration of Trust, only a majority vote of the Board is required. Although the shares are not automatically redeemable upon the occurrence of any specific event, the Declaration of Trust provides that the Board will have the unrestricted power to alter the number of shares in a Creation Unit. In the event of a termination of the Trust or a Fund, the Board, in its sole discretion, could determine to permit the shares to be redeemable in aggregations smaller than Creation Units or to be individually redeemable. In such circumstance, the Trust may make redemptions in-kind, for cash or for a combination of cash or securities.
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds.  Shares of each Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.
DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (“DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities’ certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), the NYSE Amex Equities and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”).
Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the shares of each Fund held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares of the Trust. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in shares of each Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its
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nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants. DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to shares of the Trust at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units
General.  The Trust issues and sells shares of each Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor or its agent, without a sales load, at a price based on the NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined below), of an order received by the Distributor or its agent in proper form. The following table sets forth the number of shares of a Fund that constitute a Creation Unit for the Fund and the value of such Creation Unit as of September 30, 2013:
Fund   Shares Per
Creation Unit
  Value Per
Creation
Unit (U.S.$)
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF   50,000   $ 1,107,000
iShares MSCI China ETF   100,000   $ 4,619,000
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF   50,000   $ 2,165,500
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF   100,000   $4,442,000
iShares MSCI India ETF   50,000   $ 1,116,000
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF   50,000   $ 874,000
The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of shares outstanding of any Fund, and to make a corresponding change in the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit, in the event that the per share price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Board.
A “Business Day” with respect to each Fund is any day on which the Listing Exchange on which the Fund is listed for trading is open for business. As of the date of this SAI, each Listing Exchange observes the following holidays, as observed: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of Creation Units of a Fund (except for the iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF, iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF (each, a “Cash Fund” and collectively, the “Cash Funds”)), which are generally offered in Creation Units solely for cash), generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) (i.e., the Deposit Securities) and the Cash Component computed as described below. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to creation requests received in proper form. The Fund Deposit, when combined with the Fund's portfolio securities, is intended to generate performance similar to that of the Underlying Index. The Fund Deposit represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of any Fund.
The Cash Component is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the “Deposit Amount,” which is an amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities, and serves to compensate for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount. Payment of any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities are the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing a Creation Unit. Each Fund generally offers Creation Units partially for cash, but may, in certain circumstances, offer Creation Units solely in cash.
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Each Cash Fund’s current policy is to accept cash in substitution for the Deposit Securities it might otherwise accept as in-kind consideration for the purchase of Creation Units. A Cash Fund may, at times, elect to receive Deposit Securities (i.e., the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities) and a Cash Component as consideration for the purchase of Creation Units. If a Cash Fund elects to accept Deposit Securities, a purchaser's delivery of the Deposit Securities together with the Cash Component will constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which will represent the consideration for a Creation Unit of the Fund. The iShares MSCI China ETF, iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF and iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF (each, a “Partial Cash Fund” and collectively, the “Partial Cash Funds”) generally offer Creation Units partially for cash. Please see the Cash Purchase Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the Deposit Security method for further information on purchasing Creation Units of the Funds.
BFA makes available through the NSCC on each Business Day prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange, the list of names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security and the amount of the Cash Component to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information as of the end of the previous Business Day for each Fund). Such Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, to purchases of Creation Units of shares of a given Fund until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit is made available.
The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities change pursuant to changes in the composition of a Fund's portfolio and as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by BFA with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities constituting the relevant Underlying Index.
The Funds reserve the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through DTC. The Funds also reserve the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which (i) the delivery of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under applicable securities or other local laws or (ii) the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under applicable securities or other local laws, or in certain other situations. As noted above, Creation Units of the Cash Funds currently are available only for cash purchases.
Cash Purchase Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified (Creation Units of the Cash Funds are generally offered solely for cash and Creation Units of the Partial Cash Funds are generally offered partially for cash), they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a partial or full cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser. The Authorized Participant will also be required to pay certain transaction fees and charges for cash purchases, as described below, and, if transacting as broker with each Fund, may be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution and market impact costs through an Execution Performance Guarantee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
Role of the Authorized Participant. Creation Units may be purchased only by or through a DTC Participant that has entered into an authorized participant agreement with the Distributor (an “Authorized Participant”). Such Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of such authorized participant agreement and on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that such Authorized Participant will make available in advance of each purchase of shares an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component, once the net asset value of a Creation Unit is next determined after receipt of the purchase order in proper form, together with the transaction fees described below. An Authorized Participant, acting on behalf of an investor, may require the investor to enter into an agreement with such Authorized Participant with respect to certain matters, including payment of the Cash Component. Investors who are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not be a DTC Participant or may not have executed an authorized participant agreement and that orders to purchase Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant. As a result, purchase orders placed through an Authorized Participant may result in additional charges to such investor. The Trust does not expect to enter into an authorized participant agreement with more than a small number of DTC Participants. A list of current Authorized Participants may be obtained from the Distributor. The Distributor has adopted guidelines regarding
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Authorized Participants’ transactions in Creation Units that are made available to all Authorized Participants. These guidelines set forth the processes and standards for Authorized Participants to transact with the Distributor and its agents in connection with creation and redemption transactions.
Purchase Orders.  Unless otherwise described below, to initiate an order for a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit to the Distributor or its agent an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund, in proper form, generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day to receive that day’s NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Funds may require orders for Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. The Distributor or its agent will notify BFA and the custodian of such order. The custodian will then provide such information to any appropriate sub-custodian. Procedures and requirements governing the delivery of the Fund Deposit are set forth in the procedures handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a creation request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request. Those placing orders to purchase Creation Units through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Distributor or its agent by the Cutoff Time (as defined below) on such Business Day.
The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the contractual settlement date, by means satisfactory to the Funds, immediately available or same day funds estimated by the Funds to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component next determined after acceptance of the purchase order, together with the applicable purchase transaction fees. Any excess funds will be returned following settlement of the issue of the Creation Unit. Those placing orders should ascertain the applicable deadline for cash transfers by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effectuating the transfer of the Cash Component. This deadline is likely to be significantly earlier than the Cutoff Time of the Funds. Investors should be aware that an Authorized Participant may require orders for purchases of shares placed with it to be in the particular form required by the individual Authorized Participant.
The Authorized Participant is responsible for any and all expenses and costs incurred by a Fund, including any applicable cash amounts, in connection with any purchase order.
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders. Unless otherwise described below, an Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Creation Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor or its agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement, as described below. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or its agent or an Authorized Participant. Orders to create shares of a Fund that are submitted on the Business Day immediately preceding a holiday or a day (other than a weekend) when the equity markets in the relevant non-U.S. market are closed may not be accepted. Each Fund's deadline specified above for the submission of purchase orders is referred to as that Fund's “Cutoff Time.” The Distributor or its agent, in their discretion, may permit the submission of such orders and requests by or through an Authorized Participant at any time (including on days on which the Listing Exchange is not open for business) via communication through the facilities of the Distributor's or its agent's proprietary website maintained for this purpose. Purchase orders and redemption requests, if accepted by the Trust, will be processed based on the NAV next determined after such acceptance in accordance with each Fund's Cutoff Times as provided in the authorized participant agreement and disclosed in this SAI.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units.  Subject to the conditions that (i) an irrevocable purchase order has been submitted by the Authorized Participant (either on its own or another investor's behalf) and (ii) arrangements satisfactory to the Funds are in place for payment of the Cash Component and any other cash amounts which may be due, the Funds will accept the order, subject to each Fund's right (and the right of the Distributor and BFA) to reject any order until acceptance, as set forth below.
Once a Fund has accepted an order, upon the next determination of the net asset value of the shares, the Fund will confirm the issuance of a Creation Unit, against receipt of payment, at such net asset value. The Distributor or its agent will then transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.
Each Fund reserves the absolute right to reject or revoke a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor or its agent if (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (iii) the Deposit Securities delivered do not conform to the identity and number of shares specified, as described above; (iv) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences
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to the Fund; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (vi) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the discretion of the Fund or BFA, have an adverse effect on the Fund or the rights of beneficial owners; or (vii) circumstances outside the control of the Fund, the Distributor or its agent and BFA make it impracticable to process purchase orders. The Distributor or its agent shall notify a prospective purchaser of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such purchaser of its rejection of such order. The Funds, State Street, the sub-custodian and the Distributor or its agent are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification.
In addition, the Trust may exercise its right to reject any creation order for shares of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF on any Business Day that is a holiday in the Indian market, but not a holiday observed in the U.S. equity market, and certain other holidays during the settlement cycle for Fund shares, in order to protect Fund shareholders from any dilutive costs that may be associated with the purchase of Deposit Securities in connection with creation orders on such days.
Issuance of a Creation Unit.  Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the applicable Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the custodian that the securities included in the Fund Deposit (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Distributor or its agent and BFA shall be notified of such delivery and the applicable Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit. Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+3 basis” (i.e., three Business Days after trade date). For the iShares MSCI China ETF, iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF, iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF, Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+2 basis” (i.e., two Business Days after trade date). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than T+2 or T+3, as applicable, in order to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (i.e., the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security) and in certain other circumstances.
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor, each Fund will issue Creation Units to such Authorized Participant, notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Fund Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities in accordance with the Funds' then-effective procedures. The only collateral that is acceptable to the Funds is cash in U.S. dollars. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on the contractual settlement date. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. Information concerning the Funds' current procedures for collateralization of missing Deposit Securities is available from the Distributor or its agent. The authorized participant agreement will permit the Funds to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Funds of purchasing such securities and the cash collateral.
In certain cases, Authorized Participants may create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date and in these instances, the Funds reserve the right to settle these transactions on a net basis or require a representation from the Authorized Participants that the creation and redemption transactions are for separate beneficial owners. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by each Fund and the Fund's determination shall be final and binding.
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions.  A standard creation transaction fee is imposed to offset the transfer, processing and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The standard creation transaction fee is charged on each Creation Unit created by an Authorized Participant on the day of the transaction. The standard creation transaction fee is generally fixed at the amount shown in the table regardless of the number of Creation Units being purchased, but may be reduced by each Fund if transfer and processing expenses associated with the creation are anticipated to be lower than the stated fee. If a purchase consists of a cash portion, the Authorized Participant may also be required to pay an additional transaction charge (up to the maximum amount shown below) to cover brokerage and certain
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other costs related to the creation transaction. Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Deposit Securities to the Funds. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard creation transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations*
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF   $ 3,200   3.0%
iShares MSCI China ETF   3,200   3.0%
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF   7,500   3.0%
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF   6,400   3.0%
iShares MSCI India ETF   3,500   3.0%
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF   6,900   3.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit.
If a purchase consists of a cash portion and each Fund places a brokerage transaction to purchase portfolio securities with the Authorized Participant or its affiliated broker-dealer, the Authorized Participant (or its affiliated broker-dealer) may be required, in its capacity as broker-dealer with respect to that transaction, to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, and market impact costs through an Execution Performance Guarantee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
Redemption of Creation Units.  Shares of a Fund may be redeemed by Authorized Participants only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Distributor or its agent and only on a Business Day. The Funds will not redeem shares in amounts less than Creation Units. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the secondary market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a Creation Unit that could be redeemed by an Authorized Participant. Beneficial owners also may sell shares in the secondary market.
Each Cash Fund generally redeems Creation Units solely for cash; however, each Cash Fund reserves the right to distribute securities in-kind as payment for Creation Units being redeemed. Each Partial Cash Fund generally redeems Creation Units partially for cash. Please see the Cash Redemption Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the in-kind method for further information on redeeming Creation Units of the Funds.
The Cash Funds generally redeem Creation Units solely for cash, however, the Cash Funds reserve the right to distribute securities in-kind as payment for Creation Units being redeemed. With respect to each Fund BFA makes available through the NSCC, prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange on each Business Day, the designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”), and an amount of cash (the “Cash Amount,” as described below). Such Fund Securities and the corresponding Cash Amount (each subject to possible amendment or correction) are applicable, in order to effect redemptions of Creation Units of a Fund until such time as the next announced composition of the Fund Securities and Cash Amount is made available. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units. Procedures and requirements governing redemption transactions are set forth in the handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time.
Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for a Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of Fund Securities, plus the Cash Amount, which is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the shares being redeemed, as next determined after the receipt of a redemption request in proper form, and the value of Fund Securities, less a redemption transaction fee (as described below).
The Trust may, in its sole discretion, substitute a “cash in lieu” amount to replace any Fund Security. The amount of cash paid out in such cases will be equivalent to the value of the substituted security listed as a Fund Security. In the event that the
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Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the difference is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. The Cash Funds generally redeem Creation Units solely for cash. The Partial Cash Funds generally redeem Creation Units partially for cash.
Cash Redemption Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified (Creation Units of the Cash Funds are generally redeemed solely for cash and Creation Units of the Partial Cash Funds are generally redeemed partially for cash), they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions thereof. In the case of partial or full cash redemption, the Authorized Participant receives the cash equivalent of the Fund Securities it would otherwise receive through an in-kind redemption, plus the same Cash Amount to be paid to an in-kind redeemer. The Authorized Participant will also be required to pay certain transaction fees and charges for cash redemptions, as described below, and, if transacting as broker with each Fund, may be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution and market impact costs through an Execution Performance Guarantee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions.  A standard redemption transaction fee is imposed to offset transfer, processing and other transaction costs that may be incurred by the relevant Fund. The standard redemption transaction fee is charged on each Creation Unit redeemed by an Authorized Participant on the day of the transaction. The standard redemption transaction fee is generally fixed at the amount shown in the table regardless of the number of Creation Units being redeemed, but may be reduced by each Fund if transfer and processing expenses associated with the redemption are anticipated to be lower than the stated fee. If a redemption consists of a cash portion, the Authorized Participant may also be required to pay an additional transaction charge (up to the maximum amount shown below) to cover brokerage and certain other costs related to the redemption transaction. Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from a Fund to their account on their order. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to dispose of Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard redemption transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Redemption
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Redemptions*
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF   $ 3,200   2.0%
iShares MSCI China ETF   3,200   2.0%
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF   7,500   2.0%
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF   6,400   2.0%
iShares MSCI India ETF   3,500   2.0%
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF   6,900   2.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit, inclusive of the standard redemption transaction fee.
If a redemption consists of a cash portion and each Fund places a brokerage transaction to sell portfolio securities with the Authorized Participant or its affiliated broker-dealer, the Authorized Participant (or its affiliated broker-dealer) may be required, in its capacity as broker-dealer with respect to that transaction, to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, and market impact costs through an Execution Performance Guarantee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
Placement of Redemption Orders. Redemption requests for Creation Units of any Fund must be submitted to the Distributor by or through an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable request to redeem shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a redemption request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request.
The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption in the form required by the Funds to the Distributor or its agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an authorized participant agreement and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an authorized participant agreement. At any time, only a limited number of broker-dealers will have an authorized participant
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agreement in effect. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the shares to the Funds' transfer agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Funds' transfer agent the Creation Unit redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the Listing Exchange closing time on any Business Day, (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the applicable Fund is received by the Distributor or its agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified above and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement are properly followed. If the transfer agent does not receive the investor's shares through DTC's facilities by 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Business Day next following the day that the redemption request is received, the redemption request shall be rejected. Investors should be aware that the deadline for such transfers of shares through the DTC system may be significantly earlier than the close of business on the Listing Exchange. Those making redemption requests should ascertain the deadline applicable to transfers of shares through the DTC system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effecting the transfer of the shares.
Upon receiving a redemption request, the Distributor or its agent shall notify the applicable Fund and the Fund's transfer agent of such redemption request. The tender of an investor's shares for redemption and the distribution of the securities and/or cash included in the redemption payment made in respect of Creation Units redeemed will be made through DTC and the relevant Authorized Participant to the Beneficial Owner thereof as recorded on the book-entry system of DTC or the DTC Participant through which such investor holds, as the case may be, or by such other means specified by the Authorized Participant submitting the redemption request.
A redeeming Beneficial Owner or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Beneficial Owner must maintain appropriate security arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the portfolio securities are customarily traded, to which account such portfolio securities will be delivered.
Deliveries of redemption proceeds by each Fund generally will be made within three Business Days (i.e., “T+3”). For the iShares MSCI China ETF and iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF, deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within two Business Days (i.e., “T+2”). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle redemption transactions and deliver redemption proceeds on another basis to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (i.e., the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold) and in certain other circumstances. The Regular Holidays section hereto identifies the instances, if any, where more than seven days would be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Pursuant to an order of the SEC, the Trust will make delivery of redemption proceeds within the number of days stated in the Regular Holidays section to be the maximum number of days necessary to deliver redemption proceeds.
If neither the redeeming Beneficial Owner nor the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such redeeming Beneficial Owner has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of Fund Securities in the applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of Fund Securities in such jurisdiction, the Fund may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming Beneficial Owner will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In such case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the net asset value of its shares based on the NAV of the Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charges specified above to offset the Fund's brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Fund cannot lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or cannot do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws.
Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit cash redemptions of Creation Units (except that, as noted above, Creation Units of the Funds generally will be redeemed partially for cash or solely for cash), in the event that cash redemptions are permitted or required by the Trust, proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming shares as soon as
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practicable after the date of redemption (within seven calendar days thereafter, except for the instances listed in the Regular Holidays section in which more than seven calendar days would be needed).
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor or its agent, in the event an Authorized Participant has submitted a redemption request in proper form but is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to the Fund, at or prior to 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Listing Exchange business day after the date of submission of such redemption request, the Distributor or its agent will accept the redemption request in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing shares as soon as possible. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash, in U.S. dollars in immediately available funds, having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing shares. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the day after the date of submission of such redemption request and shall be held by State Street and marked-to-market daily. The fees of State Street and any sub-custodians in respect of the delivery, maintenance and redelivery of the cash collateral shall be payable by the Authorized Participant. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. The authorized participant agreement permits the Funds to acquire shares of the Funds at any time and subjects the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the aggregate of the cost to the Funds of purchasing such shares, plus the value of the Cash Amount, and the value of the cash collateral.
Because the portfolio securities of a Fund may trade on exchange(s) on days that the Listing Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for such Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of such Fund, or purchase or sell shares of such Fund on the Listing Exchange on days when the NAV of such a Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to any Fund: (i) for any period during which the Listing Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the Listing Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund's portfolio securities or determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units.  An Authorized Participant generally will recognize either gain or loss upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units. This gain or loss is calculated by taking the market value of the Creation Units purchased over the Authorized Participant’s aggregate basis in the Deposit Securities exchanged therefor. However, the IRS may apply the wash sales rules to determine that any loss realized upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units is not currently deductible. Authorized Participants should consult their own tax advisors.
Current U.S. federal tax laws dictate that capital gain or loss realized from the redemption of Creation Units will generally create long-term capital gain or loss if the Authorized Participant holds the Creation Units for more than one year, or short-term capital gain or loss if the Creation Units were held for one year or less, if the Creation Units are held as capital assets.
Regular Holidays. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable non-U.S. market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a non-U.S. market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within the normal settlement period.
The securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming investors, coupled with non-U.S. market holiday schedules, will require a delivery process longer than seven calendar days, in certain circumstances. The holidays applicable to each Fund during such periods are listed below, as are instances where more than seven days will be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed below for each Fund. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local securities delivery practices, could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.
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In calendar years 2014 and 2015, the dates of regular holidays affecting the relevant securities markets in which a Fund invests are as follows (please note these holiday schedules are subject to potential changes in the relevant securities markets):
2014
Brazil
January 1 April 18 July 9 December 31
March 3 April 21 October 20  
March 4 May 1 December 24  
March 5 June 19 December 25  
    
Chile
January 1 June 16 October 31  
April 18 August 15 December 8  
May 1 September 18 December 25  
May 21 September 19 December 31  
    
China
January 1 February 6 May 7 October 6
January 20 February 7 May 26 October 7
January 30 February 17 July 4 October 13
January 31 May 1 September 1 November 11
February 3 May 2 October 1 November 27
February 4 May 5 October 2 December 25
February 5 May 6 October 3  
    
Colombia
January 1 May 1 August 18 December 25
January 6 June 2 October 13  
March 24 June 23 November 3  
April 17 June 30 November 17  
April 18 August 7 December 8  
India
January 14 April 8 August 15 October 23
February 19 April 14 August 18 October 24
February 27 April 18 August 29 November 4
March 17 May 1 October 2 November 6
March 31 May 14 October 3 December 25
April 1 July 29 October 6  
    
Mexico
January 1 March 21 September 16 December 25
February 3 April 17 November 17  
February 5 April 18 November 20  
March 17 May 1 December 12  
    
Peru
January 1 May 1 October 8  
April 17 July 28 December 8  
April 18 July 29 December 25  
2015
Brazil
January 1 April 3 June 4 November 15
February 16 April 5 September 7 December 24
February 17 April 21 October 12 December 25
February 18 May 1 November 2 December 31
Chile
January 1 June 29 December 8  
April 3 July 16 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
May 21 October 12    
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China
January 1 February 23 September 27 October 7
January 2 February 24 October 1 December 25
February 18 April 6 October 2  
February 19 May 1 October 5  
February 20 June 20 October 6  
    
Colombia
January 1 May 1 July 20 November 16
January 12 May 18 August 7 December 8
March 23 June 8 August 17 December 25
April 2 June 15 October 12 December 31
April 3 June 29 November 2  
    
India
January 1 April 3 September 17 November 25
January 26 May 1 October 2 December 25
February 17 May 25 October 15  
March 6 July 17 October 22  
April 2 August 15 November 11  
Mexico
January 1 March 16 May 5 November 20
January 6 April 2 September 16 December 25
February 2 April 3 November 2  
February 5 May 1 November 16  
    
Peru
January 1 May 1 October 8 December 31
April 2 June 29 December 8  
April 3 July 28 December 25  
Redemptions.  The longest redemption cycle for a Fund is a function of the longest redemption cycle among the countries whose stocks comprise the Fund. In the calendar years 2014 and 2015, the dates of regular holidays affecting the following securities markets present the worst-case redemption cycles* for a Fund as follows:
2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
China   01/27/14   02/10/14   14
    01/28/14   02/11/14   14
    01/29/14   02/12/14   14
    04/28/14   05/08/14   10
    04/29/14   05/09/14   10
    04/30/14   05/12/14   12
    09/26/14   10/08/14   12
    09/29/14   10/09/14   10
    09/30/14   10/10/14   10
    
2015
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
China   02/13/15   02/25/15   12
    02/16/15   02/26/15   10
    02/17/15   02/27/15   10
    09/28/15   10/08/15   10
    09/29/15   10/09/15   10
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2015
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    09/30/15   10/12/15   12

* These worst-case redemption cycles are based on information regarding regular holidays, which may be out of date. Based on changes in holidays, longer (worse) redemption cycles are possible.
Taxes
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of a Fund. This summary does not address all of the potential U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to a Fund or to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special tax rules. Current and prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the specific U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of investing in a Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications.  Each Fund intends to continue to qualify for treatment as a separate RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, each Fund must annually distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes dividends, interest and net short-term capital gains) and meet several other requirements. Among such other requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of each Fund’s annual gross income must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or non-U.S. currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income); and (ii) at the close of each quarter of each Fund's taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of each Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited for purposes of this calculation in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of each Fund's total assets may be invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, of two or more issuers of which 20% or more of the voting stock is held by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly-traded partnerships.
A Fund may be able to cure a failure to derive 90% of its income from the sources specified above or a failure to diversify its holdings in the manner described above by paying a tax and/or by disposing of certain assets. If, in any taxable year, a Fund fails one of these tests and does not timely cure the failure, that Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by that Fund in computing its taxable income.
Although, in general, the passive loss rules of the Internal Revenue Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships. A Fund's investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly-traded partnerships, may result in the Fund being subject to state, local, or non-U.S. income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
Taxation of RICs.  As a RIC, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, a Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., income other than its net realized long-term capital gain over its net realized short-term capital loss), plus or minus certain adjustments, and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. A Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders. If a Fund fails to qualify for any taxable year as a RIC or fails to meet the distribution requirement, all of its taxable income will be subject to tax at regular corporate income tax rates without any deduction for distributions to
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shareholders, and such distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. In such event, distributions to individuals should be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income and distributions to corporate shareholders generally should be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Although each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and its capital gains for each taxable year, each Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a RIC. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the Fund had been liquidated) if it qualifies as a RIC in a subsequent year.
Excise Tax. A Fund will be subject to a 4% excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the 12 months ended October 31 of such year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by a Fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. Each Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of this 4% excise tax.
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards.  Net capital loss carryforwards may be applied against any net realized capital gains in each succeeding year, until they have been reduced to zero or until their respective expiration dates, whichever occurs first. Capital loss carryforwards from taxable years beginning after 2010 are not subject to expiration, and short-term and long-term capital loss carryforwards from such taxable years may only be applied against net realized short-term and long-term capital gains, respectively.
In the event that a Fund were to experience an ownership change as defined under the Internal Revenue Code, the Fund’s loss carryforwards and other favorable tax attributes of a Fund, if any, may be subject to limitation.
The following Funds had tax basis net capital loss carryforwards as of August 31, 2013, the tax year-end for the Funds listed:
Fund   Non-Expiring
iShares MSCI Brazil Small-Cap ETF   $ 2,787,009
iShares MSCI China ETF   2,963,144
iShares MSCI China Small-Cap ETF   2,251,238
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America ETF   82,195
iShares MSCI India ETF   161,582
iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF   40,714
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends and other distributions by a Fund are generally treated under the Internal Revenue Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or distribution declared by a Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month shall be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year and to have been paid by the Fund not later than such December 31, provided such dividend is actually paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year.
Each Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if a Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax
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liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.
Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that a Fund reports as capital gains dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. All other dividends of a Fund (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current and accumulated earnings and profits (“regular dividends”) are generally subject to tax as ordinary income, subject to the discussion of qualified dividend income below. Married couples filing jointly with income over approximately $450,000 and unmarried individuals with income over $400,000, amounts adjusted annually for inflation are subject to a 20% tax on any income in excess of those amounts that is long-term capital gain or qualified dividend income, and generally all other long-term capital gain is taxed at 15% (0% at certain income levels). In addition, the top marginal ordinary income tax rate is 39.6% for income in excess of the above thresholds, which are adjusted annually for inflation.
If an individual receives a regular dividend qualifying for the long-term capital gains rates and such dividend constitutes an “extraordinary dividend,” and the individual subsequently recognizes a loss on the sale or exchange of stock in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term capital loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An “extraordinary dividend” on common stock for this purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 10% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period, or (ii) in an amount greater than 20% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.
Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds shares of the Fund as capital assets). Distributions in excess of the Fund’s minimum distribution requirements, but not in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits, will be taxable to shareholders and will not constitute nontaxable returns of capital. Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount. Dividends paid by a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by a Fund from domestic corporations may qualify for the U.S. federal dividends received deduction for corporations.
A 3.8% U.S. federal Medicare contribution tax is imposed on net investment income, including, but not limited to, interest, dividends, and net gain from investments, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married and filing jointly) and of estates and trusts.
Investors considering buying shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them. If a Fund is the holder of record of any security on the record date for any dividends payable with respect to such security, such dividends will be included in the Fund’s gross income not as of the date received but as of the later of (a) the date such security became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends (i.e., the date on which a buyer of the security would not be entitled to receive the declared, but unpaid, dividends); or (b) the date the Fund acquired such security. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, a Fund may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.
In certain situations, a Fund may, for a taxable year, defer all or a portion of its net capital loss realized after October and its late-year ordinary loss (defined as the excess of a Fund’s post-October foreign currency and “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) losses and other post-December ordinary losses over post-October foreign currency and PFIC gains and other post-December ordinary income) until the next taxable year in computing its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, which will defer the recognition of such realized losses. Such deferrals and other rules regarding gains and losses realized after October (or December) may affect the tax character of shareholder distributions.
Sales of Shares.  Upon the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund. A redemption of shares by a Fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets
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in the shareholder’s hands and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the Funds, by, or by an option on, substantially identical shares within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder with respect to such share. The Medicare contribution tax described above will apply to the sale of Fund shares.
If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of a Fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then, on or before January 31 of the following calendar year, acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain/loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis of the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents shareholders from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting their investments within a family of mutual funds.
Back-Up Withholding.  In certain cases, a Fund will be required to withhold at a 28% rate and remit to the U.S. Treasury such amounts withheld from any distributions paid to a shareholder who: (i) has failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number; (ii) is subject to back-up withholding by the IRS; (iii) has failed to certify to a Fund that such shareholder is not subject to back-up withholding; or (iv) has not certified that such shareholder is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). Back-up withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability.
Sections 351 and 362.  The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, has the right to reject an order for a purchase of shares of the Fund if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of a given Fund and if, pursuant to Sections 351 and 362 of the Internal Revenue Code, that Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. If a Fund’s basis in such securities on the date of deposit was less than market value on such date, the Fund, upon disposition of the securities, would recognize more taxable gain or less taxable loss than if its basis in the securities had been equal to market value. It is not anticipated that the Trust will exercise the right of rejection except in a case where the Trust determines that accepting the order could result in material adverse tax consequences to a Fund or its shareholders. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.
Taxation of Certain Derivatives. A Fund’s transactions in zero coupon securities, non-U.S. currencies, forward contracts, options and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on non-U.S. currencies), to the extent permitted, will be subject to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require a Fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year) and (b) may cause a Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. Each Fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any zero coupon security, non-U.S. currency, forward contract, option, futures contract or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC.
A Fund’s investments in so-called “Section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most non-U.S. currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most security indexes, are subject to special tax rules. All Section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the Fund from positions in Section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be
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treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the Fund.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, a Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. A Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, a Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.
Qualified Dividend Income.  Distributions by a Fund of investment company taxable income (including any short-term capital gains), whether received in cash or shares, will be taxable either as ordinary income or as qualified dividend income, which is eligible to be taxed at long-term capital gain rates to the extent a Fund receives qualified dividend income on the securities it holds and a Fund reports the distribution as qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable U.S. corporations (but generally not from U.S. REITs) and certain non-U.S. corporations (e.g., non-U.S. corporations that are not “passive foreign investment companies” and which are incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or the stock of which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States (where the dividends are paid with respect to such stock)). Under current IRS guidance, the United States has appropriate comprehensive income tax treaties with the following countries: Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China (but not with Hong Kong, which is treated as a separate jurisdiction for U.S. tax purposes), Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela. Substitute payments received by a Fund for securities lent out by a Fund will not be qualified dividend income.
A dividend from a Fund will not be treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that (i) the shareholder has not held the shares on which the dividend was paid for 61 days during the 121-day period that begins on the date that is 60 days before the date on which the shares become ex-dividend with respect to such dividend or a Fund fails to satisfy those holding period requirements with respect to the securities it holds that paid the dividends distributed to the shareholder (or, in the case of certain preferred stocks, the holding requirement of 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend); (ii) a Fund or the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property; or (iii) the shareholder elects to treat such dividend as investment income under Section 163(d)(4)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code. Dividends received by a Fund from a REIT or another RIC may be treated as qualified dividend income only to the extent the dividend distributions are attributable to qualified dividend income received by such REIT or other RIC. It is expected that dividends received by a Fund from a REIT and distributed to a shareholder generally will be taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income. Distributions by a Fund of its net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income.
If your Fund shares are loaned pursuant to securities lending arrangements, you may lose the ability to use any non-U.S. tax credits passed through by a Fund or to treat Fund dividends (paid while the shares are held by the borrower) as qualified dividends. Regarding a short sale with respect to shares of a Fund, substitute payments made to the lender of such shares may not be deductible under certain circumstances. Consult your financial intermediary or tax advisor.
Issues Related to India and Mauritius Taxes.  The following discussion does not address the effect on investors, including residents of India and citizens of India (whether or not residing in India or other countries, including the United States), of holding shares of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF. Investors should consult their own tax advisors as to these issues based upon their own personal situations.
Indian tax matters discussed herein are based on the provisions of the IT Act, the provisions of the DTAA and other laws currently in force as of the date of this SAI. All such laws and the DTAA are subject to prospective and retrospective legislative amendment, administrative rulings and judicial review.
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Each of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF invests in India through its Subsidiary. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, each Subsidiary has elected to be treated as an entity disregarded from its owner. Thus, for U.S. federal tax purposes, any income or loss realized by a Subsidiary will be treated as realized by the applicable fund. Therefore, any investment made by each Fund into a Subsidiary and any distributions received by the Fund from a Subsidiary are disregarded for U.S. federal tax purposes. Furthermore, there is no tax on each Fund's investment in a Subsidiary or on distributions made from a Subsidiary to the Fund.
No investor in the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF will be subject to taxation in India, unless such investor is a resident of India or, if a non-resident, has an Indian source income or income received (whether accrued or otherwise) in India. The taxation of a Subsidiary and a Fund in India is governed by the provisions of the ITA, read with the provisions of the DTAA. As per Section 90(2) of the ITA, the provisions of the ITA would apply to the extent they are more beneficial than the provisions of the DTAA. In order to claim the beneficial provisions of the DTAA, a Subsidiary must be a tax resident of Mauritius. Because each Subsidiary is a tax resident of Mauritius, only the Subsidiaries would be subject to Indian taxes.
The Central Board of Direct Taxes in India in its Circular 789, issued on April 13, 2000, concluded that a valid residence certificate issued by the Mauritius authorities demonstrated Mauritian residency for purposes of establishing eligibility to qualify for benefits under the DTAA. The Circular was subject to judicial challenge in India by those asserting that the standards for establishing Mauritian residency for purposes of obtaining such a certificate were insufficient to establish residency for purposes of the DTAA. The Circular was successfully overturned in certain lower Indian courts but was eventually upheld by the highest applicable court, the Supreme Court of India, on October 7, 2003, accordingly each Subsidiary should be eligible for benefits under the DTAA. However, recently issued rulings suggest that a number of factors are being considered by the Indian tax administration when assessing whether a foreign entity is eligible for the benefit of the provisions of a tax treaty, including, among others, the place of management of the foreign resident company and the level of substance in the jurisdiction in which it is incorporated. In addition, both the Indian tax administration and Indian courts seem to be very aggressive towards structures involving offshore funds investing directly or indirectly in India, in particular from Mauritius.
Each Subsidiary has been incorporated in Mauritius and has obtained a TRC from the Mauritius authorities that establishes its residency in Mauritius under the DTAA. The TRC must be renewed annually. Each of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF expects its Subsidiary to maintain its Mauritius tax residency, but it cannot be assured that the Mauritius authorities will successfully renew its TRC annually or that it will continue to be eligible to the DTAA benefits, particularly in light of the new requirements that may be introduced if the DTAA is re-negotiated.
Further, FA 13 provides that an investor is required to submit the tax residency certificate (“TRC”) as issued in the country of residence and provide other documents and information as prescribed by the Government to claim benefits under the DTAA.
Each Subsidiary holds a Category 1 Global Business License issued by the Financial Services Commission of Mauritius. Each Subsidiary is subject to tax in Mauritius on its net income at the rate of 15%. However, a system of foreign tax credits which allows a tax credit against Mauritian taxes for foreign tax on a Mauritian entity’s foreign source income effectively reduces the Mauritius income tax rate to a maximum of 3% because the system presumes, in the absence of evidence, that the foreign tax paid is equal to 80% of the Mauritian tax. Further, a Subsidiary is not subject to capital gains tax in Mauritius nor is it subject to tax in Mauritius on any gains from the sale of securities. Any dividends paid by a Subsidiary to each of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF will also be exempt from tax in Mauritius.
Each Subsidiary will attempt to abide by the requirements of the DTAA, to maintain its residency in Mauritius, and to ensure that management and control of the Subsidiary remain in Mauritius. It is uncertain whether the terms of this treaty will be renegotiated or subject to a different interpretation in the future. Any change in the provisions of the DTAA or in its applicability to a Subsidiary could result in a Subsidiary and indirectly each of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF being subject to Indian income taxes, withholding taxes, and other taxes, as well as being subject to administrative or judicial assertion of such tax liabilities by the tax authorities of India. This could significantly reduce the return of a Fund on its investments and the return received by Fund shareholders. Further, it is possible even with renegotiation of the DTAA that the Indian tax authorities may seek to take the position that a Fund is not entitled to the benefits of the DTAA.
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Each Subsidiary is expected to have income in the form of capital gains, income from dividends and income from interest. The Indian tax consequences for a Subsidiary on account of the application of the DTAA, read with the provisions of the ITA, would be as follows (the rates are inclusive of the highest applicable surcharges):
Capital gains resulting from the sale of Indian securities (including depositary receipts issued by Indian companies) will not be subject to tax in India, provided the Subsidiary does not have Permanent Establishments (“PE”) in India;
Dividends on shares received from an Indian company on which dividend distribution tax has been paid are exempt from tax in the hands of the shareholders. However, the Indian company distributing dividends is subject to a dividend distribution tax at the rate of 16.995%; and
Interest paid to a Subsidiary in respect of the debt obligations of Indian issuers will be subject to Indian income tax. The tax rate, in the case of rupee-denominated debt obligations, is 43.26%. However if the Subsidiary is a SEBI registered sub-account, interest income earned from June 1, 2013 to June 1, 2015 on rupee-denominated bonds of Indian companies and Government securities, will be subject to tax at the rate of 5.41%, provided that the rate of interest does not exceed the prescribed rates. In the case of foreign currency-denominated debt obligations, the tax rate is 21.63%. For approved foreign currency loans advanced from July 1, 2012 to July 1, 2015, the tax rate on interest is 5.41%. However, if the Subsidiary is a SEBI registered sub-account, the interest from securities will be subject to tax at the rate of 21.63%.
In the event that the benefits of the DTAA are not available to the Subsidiary, or if the Subsidiary is held to have PE in India, taxation of interest and dividend income of the Subsidiary would be the same as described above. The taxation of capital gains would be as follows:
Long-term capital gains (being gains on sale of shares held for a period of more than twelve months) listed on a recognized stock exchange would not be taxable in India provided Securities Transaction Tax (“STT”) has been paid on the same (as discussed below);
Short-term capital gains (being gains on sale of shares held for a period of twelve months or less) from the sale of Indian shares listed on a recognized stock exchange will be taxed at the rate of 16.223% provided STT has been paid on the same;
Long-term capital gains arising to the Subsidiary from the sale of unlisted securities will be taxed at the rate of 10.815% (without indexation) and short-term capital gains will be taxed at the rate of 43.26%*;
Capital gains realized on sale of listed equity shares not executed on a recognized stock exchange in India and other securities would be taxed at the rate of 21.63% for long-term gains and at 43.26% in the case of short-term gains;* and
Capital gains arising from the transfer of depositary receipts outside India between non-resident investors will not be subject to tax in India.

* However, if the Subsidiary is a SEBI registered sub-account, the rates will be 10.816% and 32.45%, respectively.
In a ruling issued by the Authority for Advance Rulings (“AAR”) in India, gains earned by a private equity fund based in Mauritius were held to be “business income.” It is possible that the Indian tax authorities may take a similar view in the case of each Subsidiary. In that event, such gains will not be taxable in India so long as the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF/Subsidiaries do not have a PE in India. In the event that the Funds/Subsidiaries are held to have a PE in India, gains attributable to the PE would be taxable in India at the rate of 43.26%.
Indian Minimum Alternative Tax
In the event that the benefits of the DTAA are not available to a Subsidiary, or if a Subsidiary is held to have PE in India, the Subsidiary may be subject to a Minimum Alternate Tax (“MAT”). In the event that a company’s tax liability is less than 18.5% of its book profits, then instead of paying income tax at rates provided otherwise under the ITA, the foreign company will pay MAT on the adjusted book profits at the rate of 20.008%.
In certain recent rulings issued by the AAR, it was held that MAT is applicable to foreign companies, irrespective of the existence of a permanent establishment in India. In the said cases, it was held that the capital gains earned by the Mauritius assessee-company from sale of shares of an Indian company would be entitled to the benefits under the DTAA. However, in
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relation to applicability of MAT, it was held that the MAT provisions would apply to the Mauritius company. Due to this decision, it is unclear whether MAT would be applicable to the Subsidiary even though the benefits of the DTAA are available to the Subsidiary.
Consequent to the aforesaid adverse ruling by the AAR, the assessees have filed Special Leave Petition before the Supreme Court of India, the leave for which has been granted by order dated May 7, 2013. Accordingly, a conclusive view can be formed on this issue post the decision of the Supreme Court of India.
Indian Securities Transaction Tax
All transactions entered on a recognized stock exchange in India will be subject to STT levied on the transaction value. In the case of the purchase/sale of listed equity shares which is settled by way of actual delivery or transfer of the equity share, no STT will be levied on the buyer and will be levied at the rate of 0.001% on the seller and at the rate of 0.2% on the sale of unlisted shares in an initial public offering. For sale of equity shares settled otherwise than by way actual delivery or transfer of the equity share, STT will be levied at the rate of 0.025% on the seller of the equity share. A seller of derivatives would be subjected to an STT of 0.01%. The STT can be set off against business income tax calculated as per provisions of ITA.
The foregoing is based upon current interpretation and practice and is subject to future changes in the tax laws of India or Mauritius and in the DTAA. Any change in the DTAA's application could have a material adverse effect on the returns of each of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF. Further, it is possible that the Indian tax authorities may seek to take the position that a Fund is not entitled to the benefits of the DTAA.
The Direct Taxes Code and the Finance Act, 2012
Indian Tax Risk. In 2010, it was proposed that the IT Act may be replaced with the Direct Taxes Code. The Parliamentary Standing Committee released its comments on the draft Direct Taxes Code on March 9, 2012, which is under consideration by the Government of India. The revised Direct Taxes Code is yet to be tabled before the Parliament for reconsideration.
Given the delay in enacting the Direct Taxes Code, the Government of India, through the Finance Act 2012 (“FA 12”), which was enacted on May 28, 2012, had introduced certain key changes to the existing tax framework in India. FA 12 has provisions that impose Indian tax and withholding obligations with respect to the transfer of shares in an overseas company that derives its value substantially from assets situated in India (“indirect transfers”). Because each of the iShares MSCI India ETF and iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF invest in Indian securities through the Subsidiaries, this legislation by its terms subjects shareholder redemptions of Fund shares and sales of Fund investments to Indian tax and withholding obligations, both prospectively as well as retroactively. However, the CBDT issued a letter on May 29, 2012 clarifying the reopening of completed assessments as a result of the retroactive amendments introduced by the Finance Act. Under this letter, CBDT has directed Indian tax authorities to not reopen any assessment proceedings that were completed before April 1, 2012 and where no notice for reassessment has been issued prior to that date. It has also been clarified that any assessment or any other order which stands validated due to the amendments in the Finance Act would be enforced. Given this clarification issued by the CBDT, the Funds do not expect that shareholders or the Funds will become subject to tax or to withholding obligations with respect to completed assessments.
In addition, FA 12 had introduced the general tax anti-avoidance rules (“GAAR”) to curb aggressive tax planning with the use of sophisticated structures and was to be effective from April 1, 2013. Based on recommendations of the Expert Committee on GAAR established by the Government of India, FA 13 (which was enacted on May 10, 2013) has deferred the implementation of GAAR by two years and has also made some changes to the provisions of GAAR. GAAR would be now effective from financial year beginning from April 1, 2015 onwards.
If the Funds' use of the Subsidiaries were considered to be such an impermissible avoidance arrangement, the Fund would become subject directly to taxation in India. GAAR is expected to come into force from April 2013. The burden of proof in enforcing the rule will reside with the Indian government, not the taxpayer, and India’s current double tax treaty arrangements will remain in force. However, GAAR may prevent the Funds from realizing the planned tax benefits of the Subsidiaries, irrespective of existing beneficial treaty provisions, may lead to the imposition of tax liabilities and withholding obligations, and may lead the Fund to modify or disassemble its Subsidiaries structure.
Provisions of the current legislation and the Direct Taxes Code (if enacted), could change the manner in which the Subsidiaries are currently taxed in India and could adversely impact the returns to each of the iShares MSCI India ETF and
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iShares MSCI India Small-Cap ETF/Subsidiaries and their respective shareholders. The Funds will continue to monitor developments in India with respect to these matters. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to their own tax situations and the tax consequences of an investment in each of the Funds.
Excess Inclusion Income.  Under current law, the Funds serve to block unrelated business taxable income from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize unrelated business taxable income by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. Certain types of income received by a Fund from REITs, real estate mortgage investment conduits, taxable mortgage pools or other investments may cause the Fund to report some or all of its distributions as “excess inclusion income.” To Fund shareholders, such excess inclusion income may (i) constitute taxable income, as unrelated business taxable income for those shareholders who would otherwise be tax-exempt such as individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, Keogh plans, pension plans and certain charitable entities; (ii) not be offset by otherwise allowable deductions for tax purposes; (iii) not be eligible for reduced U.S. withholding for non-U.S. shareholders even from tax treaty countries; and (iv) cause the Fund to be subject to tax if certain “disqualified organizations,” as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, are Fund shareholders. If a charitable remainder annuity trust or a charitable remainder unitrust (each as defined in Section 664 of the Internal Revenue Code) has unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) for a taxable year, a 100% excise tax on the UBTI is imposed on the trust.
Non-U.S. Investments.  Under Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time a Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a non-U.S. currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. In general, gains (and losses) realized on debt instruments will be treated as Section 988 gain (or loss) to the extent attributable to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which the instruments are denominated. Similarly, gains or losses on non-U.S. currency, non-U.S. currency forward contracts and certain non-U.S. currency options or futures contracts denominated in non-U.S. currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss unless the Fund were to elect otherwise.
Each Fund may be subject to non-U.S. income taxes withheld at the source. Each Fund, if permitted to do so, may elect to “pass through” to its investors the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid by the Fund provided that the Fund held the security on the dividend settlement date and for at least 15 additional days immediately before and/or thereafter, with the result that each investor with respect to shares of the Fund held for a minimum 16-day holding period at the time of deemed distribution will (i) include in gross income, even though not actually received, the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes, and (ii) either deduct (in calculating U.S. taxable income, but only for investors who itemize their deductions on their personal tax returns) or credit (in calculating U.S. federal income tax) the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes. A non-U.S. person invested in the Fund in a year that the Fund elects to “pass through” its non-U.S. taxes may be treated as receiving additional dividend income subject to U.S. withholding tax. A non-U.S. tax credit may not exceed the investor’s U.S. federal income tax otherwise payable with respect to the investor’s non-U.S. source income. For this purpose, shareholders must treat as non-U.S. source gross income (i) their proportionate shares of non-U.S. taxes paid by the Fund and (ii) the portion of any dividend paid by the Fund that represents income derived from non-U.S. sources; the Fund’s gain from the sale of securities will generally be treated as U.S.-source income. Certain limitations will be imposed to the extent to which the non-U.S. tax credit may be claimed.
With respect to Brazil, a 6% Imposto sobre Operacões Financeiras (IOF) tax, with the rate subject to change, applies to certain foreign exchange inflows into Brazil. Also, a 1.5% IOF tax applies to the creation of new American or Global Depositary Receipt issuances with respect to Brazilian equities and a 0.38% IOF tax applies to the cancellation of American or Global Depositary Receipts if the underlying equities are then issued in the Brazil (local) markets. If incurred by the Fund, an IOF tax would not be creditable against U.S. income tax liability.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies.  If a Fund purchases shares in PFICs, it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.
If a Fund were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Internal Revenue Code, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund might be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary
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earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund, and such amounts would be subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. In order to make this election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain.
Alternatively, a Fund may make a mark-to-market election that would result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased its PFIC stock at the end of each year. In such case, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct any such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. The election must be made separately for each PFIC owned by the Fund and, once made, would be effective for all subsequent taxable years, unless revoked with the consent of the IRS. By making the election, the Fund could potentially ameliorate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax.
A Fund will make the appropriate tax elections, if possible, and take any additional steps that are necessary to mitigate the effects of these rules.
Reporting.  If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Taxes.  Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and non-U.S. taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends paid by a Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term capital gains. Dividends paid by a Fund from net tax-exempt income or long-term capital gains are generally not subject to such withholding tax. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to back-up withholding at the appropriate rate.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, properly-reported dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of a Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, the Fund’s U.S. source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income) or (ii) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable year). However, depending on its circumstances, the Fund may report all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, distributions that a Fund reports as “short-term capital gain dividends” or “long-term capital gain dividends” will not be treated as such to a recipient foreign shareholder if the distribution is attributable to gain received from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property or an interest in a U.S. real property holding
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corporation and the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property exceeded certain levels. Instead, if the foreign shareholder has not owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of distribution, such distributions will be subject to 30% withholding by the Fund and will be treated as ordinary dividends to the foreign shareholder; if the foreign shareholder owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of the distribution, such distribution will be treated as real property gain subject to 35% withholding tax and could subject the foreign shareholder to U.S. filing requirements. Additionally, if the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, a foreign shareholder realizing gains upon redemption from the Fund on or before December 31, 2013 could be subject to the 35% withholding tax and U.S. filing requirements unless more than 50% of the Fund’s shares were owned by U.S. persons at such time or unless the foreign person had not held more than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding shares throughout either such person’s holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years.
The rules laid out in the previous paragraph, other than the withholding rules, will apply notwithstanding a Fund’s participation in a wash sale transaction or its payment of a substitute dividend.
Provided that 50% or more of the value of a Fund’s stock is held by U.S. shareholders, distributions of U.S. real property interests (including securities in a U.S. real property holding corporation, unless such corporation is regularly traded on an established securities market and the Fund has held 5% or less of the outstanding shares of the corporation during the five-year period ending on the date of distribution) occurring on or before December 31, 2013, in redemption of a foreign shareholder’s shares of the Fund will cause the Fund to recognize gain. If the Fund is required to recognize gain, the amount of gain recognized will equal to the fair market value of such interests over the Fund’s adjusted bases to the extent of the greatest foreign ownership percentage of the Fund during the five-year period ending on the date of redemption.
A 30% withholding tax will be imposed on U.S.-source dividends, interest and other income items paid after June 30, 2014, and proceeds from the sale of property producing U.S.-source dividends and interest paid after December 31, 2016, to (i) foreign financial institutions, including non-U.S. investment funds, unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders; and (ii) certain other foreign entities, unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information, including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders; comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts; report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts; agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders that fail to provide the required information; and determine certain other information concerning their account holders, or (ii) in the event of an intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other foreign entities will need to provide the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership, unless certain exceptions apply.
Shares of a Fund held by a non-U.S. shareholder at death will be considered situated within the United States and subject to the U.S. estate tax.
The foregoing discussion is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations only and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of shares should consult their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of investing in such shares, including consequences under state, local and non-U.S. tax laws. Finally, the foregoing discussion is based on applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, judicial authority and administrative interpretations in effect on the date of this SAI. Changes in applicable authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed above, and such changes often occur.
Financial Statements
Each Fund's audited Financial Statements, including the Financial Highlights, appearing in the Annual Report to Shareholders and the report therein of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, are hereby incorporated by reference in this SAI. The applicable Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the referenced audited financial statements, is available upon request and without charge.
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Miscellaneous Information
Counsel. Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, located at 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019, is counsel to the Trust.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111, serves as the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, audits the Funds' financial statements, and may perform other services.
Shareholder Communications to the Board.  The Board has established a process for shareholders to communicate with the Board. Shareholders may contact the Board by mail. Correspondence should be addressed to iShares Board of Trustees, c/o BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. – Mutual Fund Administration, 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. Shareholder communications to the Board should include the following information: (i) the name and address of the shareholder; (ii) the number of shares owned by the shareholder; (iii) the Fund(s) of which the shareholder owns shares; and (iv) if these shares are owned indirectly through a broker, financial intermediary or other record owner, the name of the broker, financial intermediary or other record owner. All correspondence received as set forth above shall be reviewed by the Secretary of the Trust and reported to the Board.
Regulation Under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive.  The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”) imposes detailed and prescriptive obligations on fund managers established in the EU (“EU Operative Provisions”). These do not currently apply to managers established outside of the EU, such as BFA. Rather, non-EU managers are only required to comply with certain disclosure, reporting and transparency obligations of AIFMD (“AIFMD Disclosure Provisions”) if such managers market a fund to EU investors.
 Where the AIFMD Disclosure Provisions relate to EU Operative Provisions that do not apply to BFA, no meaningful disclosure can be made. These EU Operative Provisions include prescriptive rules on: measuring and capping leverage in line with known European standards; the treatment of investors; the use of 'depositaries'; and coverage for professional liability risks.
 AIFMD imposes certain conditions on the marketing of funds, such as the Funds, to EU investors. AIFMD requires that an ‘alternative investment fund manager’ (“AIFM”) be identified to meet such conditions where such marketing is sought. For these purposes BFA, as the legal entity responsible for performing the portfolio and risk management of the Funds, shall be the AIFM.
 AIFMD requires disclosure on an ongoing basis of certain information relating to the use of special arrangements, leverage, rights of reuse of collateral, guarantees granted under leverage arrangements and the use of gates, side pockets and similar liquidity management tools. Given that the Funds do not use any special arrangements or allow for collateral reuse, it is not intended that such disclosures will need to be made by the Funds. Each Fund will, however, to the extent relevant and appropriate, disclose in its annual report information on the Fund's leverage, risk profile and risk management systems employed by BFA. Each Fund will also disclose material changes, if any, to the liquidity management systems and procedures employed in respect of the Fund.
 BFA intends to market the following Fund to EU investors in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, and Luxembourg:
 iShares MSCI China ETF
Investors’ Rights.  Each Fund relies on the services of its investment adviser and other service providers, including the distributor, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. Further information about the duties and roles of these service providers is set out in this SAI. Investors who acquire shares of a Fund are not parties to the relevant agreement with these service providers and do not have express contractual rights against the Fund or its service providers, except certain institutional investors that are Authorized Participants may have certain express contractual rights with respect to the Distributor under the terms of the relevant authorized participant agreement. Investors may have certain legal rights under federal or state law against a Fund or its service providers. In the event that an investor considers that it may have a claim against a Fund, or against any service provider in connection with its investment in the Fund, such investor should consult its own legal advisor.
By contract, Authorized Participants irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or U.S. federal court sitting in New York City over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the authorized participant
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agreement. Jurisdiction over other claims, whether by investors or Authorized Participants, will turn on the facts of the particular case and the law of the jurisdiction in which the proceeding is brought.
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iShares® Trust
Statement of Additional Information
Dated March 1, 2014
(as revised June 17, 2014)
This combined Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the current prospectuses (each, a “Prospectus” and collectively, the “Prospectuses”) for the following funds of iShares Trust (the “Trust”):
Fund   Ticker   Stock Exchange
iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   SHYG   NYSE Arca
iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   SLQD   NYSE Arca
iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF   STIP   NYSE Arca
iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF   ISHG   NASDAQ
iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF   QLTA   NYSE Arca
iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF   QLTC   BATS
iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF   QLTB   BATS
iShares CMBS ETF   CMBS   NYSE Arca
iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF   GNMA   NASDAQ
iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF   ISTB   NYSE Arca
iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF   GOVT   NYSE Arca
iShares Financials Bond ETF   MONY   NYSE Arca
iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF   FLOT   NYSE Arca
iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   GTIP   NYSE Arca
iShares Industrials Bond ETF   ENGN   NYSE Arca
iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   ITIP   NYSE Arca
iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   IGOV   NASDAQ
iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   EMB   NYSE Arca
iShares TIPS Bond ETF   TIP   NYSE Arca
iShares Utilities Bond ETF   AMPS   NYSE Arca
The Prospectuses for the above-listed funds (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) are dated March 1, 2014, as amended and supplemented from time to time. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the applicable Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. The Financial Statements and Notes contained in the applicable Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report of the Trust for the Funds are incorporated by reference into and are deemed to be part of this SAI. A copy of each Prospectus, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report for each Fund may be obtained without charge by writing to the Trust's distributor, BlackRock Investments, LLC (the “Distributor” or “BRIL”), 1 University Square Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or visiting www.iShares.com. Each Fund's Prospectus is incorporated by reference into this SAI.
References to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act” or the “1940 Act”), or other applicable law, will include any rules promulgated thereunder and any guidance, interpretations or modifications by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, including court interpretations, and exemptive, no action or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
iShares® is a registered trademark of BlackRock, Inc. or its affiliates.


Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
General Description of the Trust and its Funds 1
Exchange Listing and Trading 2
Investment Strategies and Risks 3
Asset-Backed and Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities 4
Bonds 4
Borrowing 5
Brady Bonds 5
Corporate Bonds 6
Diversification Status 6
Futures and Options 6
High Yield Securities 7
Illiquid Securities 8
Inflation-Protected Obligations 8
Lending Portfolio Securities 9
Mortgage-Backed Pass-Through Securities 10
Non-U.S. Securities 10
Options on Futures Contracts 11
Privately-Issued Securities 11
Ratings 11
Regulation Regarding Derivatives 12
Repurchase Agreements 12
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 12
Securities of Investment Companies 13
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments 13
Sovereign and Quasi-Sovereign Obligations 13
Swap Agreements 14
U.S. Government Obligations 14
U.S.-Registered Securities of Non-U.S. Issuers 14
U.S. Treasury Obligations Risk 14
Future Developments 15
General Considerations and Risks 15
Agency Debt Risk 15
Borrowing Risk 15
Call Risk 15
Custody Risk 15
Cyber Security Issues 16
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  Page
Extension Risk 16
Operational Risk 16
Prepayment Risk 16
Risk of Derivatives 16
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions 16
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Debt Securities 17
Valuation Risk 17
Risk of Investing in Africa 18
Risk of Investing in Asia 19
Risk of Investing in Australasia 20
Risk of Investing in Central and South America 20
Risk of Investing in Eastern Europe 20
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets 20
Risk of Investing in Europe 22
Risk of Investing in the Middle East 22
Risk of Investing in North America 23
Risk of Investing in the United States 23
Risk of Investing in the Basic Materials Industry Group 24
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group 24
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector 24
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Goods Industry 24
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Services Industry 24
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector 25
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector 25
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector 25
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector 26
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector 27
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector 27
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector 27
Risk of Investing in the Oil and Gas Industry 27
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector 27
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector 28
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector 28
Proxy Voting Policy 29
Portfolio Holdings Information 30
Construction and Maintenance Standards for the Underlying Indexes 31
The BofA Merrill Lynch Indexes 31
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  Page
The BofA Merrill Lynch Global Diversified Inflation-Linked IndexSM 31
The BofA Merrill Lynch Global ex-US Diversified Inflation-Linked IndexSM 32
The Barclays Indexes 33
Barclays U.S. CMBS (ERISA Only) Index 33
Barclays U.S. Corporate Aaa - A Capped Index 34
Barclays U.S. Corporate B - Ca Capped Index 34
Barclays U.S. Corporate Baa - Ba Capped Index 35
Barclays U.S. Financial Institutions Capped Bond Index 35
Barclays US Floating Rate Note < 5 Years Index 35
Barclays U.S. GNMA Bond Index 36
Barclays U.S. Industrial Bond Index 36
Barclays U.S. Treasury Bond Index 36
Barclays U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) 0-5 Years Index (Series-L) 36
Barclays U.S. Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) Index (Series-L) 37
Barclays US Universal 1-5 Year Index 37
Barclays U.S. Utility Bond Index 37
The J.P. Morgan Index 38
J.P. Morgan EMBISM Global Core Index 38
The Markit iBoxx Indexes 39
Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid High Yield 0-5 Index 39
Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid Investment Grade 0-5 Index 39
The S&P/Citigroup Indexes 40
S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index Ex-US 1-3 Year 40
S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index Ex-US 41
Investment Limitations 42
Continuous Offering 46
Management 46
Trustees and Officers 46
Committees of the Board of Trustees 53
Remuneration of Trustees 57
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities 60
Potential Conflicts of Interest 68
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services 74
Investment Adviser 74
Investment Sub-Adviser 76
Portfolio Managers 77
Codes of Ethics 79
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  Page
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements 79
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent 79
Distributor 80
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates 82
Determination of Net Asset Value 83
Brokerage Transactions 85
Additional Information Concerning the Trust 90
Shares 90
Termination of the Trust or a Fund 91
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds 91
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units 92
General 92
Fund Deposit 92
Cash Purchase Method 93
Procedures for Creation of Creation Units 93
Role of the Authorized Participant 94
Placement of Creation Orders 94
Purchase Orders 94
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders 95
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units 95
Issuance of a Creation Unit 95
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions 96
Redemption of Creation Units 97
Cash Redemption Method 98
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions 98
Placement of Redemption Orders 98
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units 100
Regular Holidays 100
Redemptions 110
Taxes 116
Regulated Investment Company Qualification 116
Taxation of RICs 116
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards 117
Excise Tax 117
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders 118
Sales of Shares 119
Back-Up Withholding 119
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General Description of the Trust and its Funds
The Trust currently consists of more than 240 investment series or portfolios. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on December 16, 1999 and is authorized to have multiple series or portfolios. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act. The offering of the Trust’s shares is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). This SAI relates to the following Funds:
iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF
iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF
iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF1
iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF2
iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF3
iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF4
iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF5
iShares CMBS ETF6
iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF7
iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF 8
iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF9
iShares Financials Bond ETF10
iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF11
iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF12
iShares Industrials Bond ETF13
iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF14
iShares International Treasury Bond ETF15
iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF16
iShares TIPS Bond ETF17
iShares Utilities Bond ETF18

1 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays 0-5 Year TIPS Bond Fund to the iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF.
2 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P/Citigroup 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond Fund to the iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF.
3 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Aaa – A Rated Corporate Bond Fund to the iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF.
4 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares B – Ca Rated Corporate Bond Fund to the iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF.
5 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Baa – Ba Rated Corporate Bond Fund to the iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF.
6 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays CMBS Bond Fund to the iShares CMBS ETF.
7 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays GNMA Bond Fund to the iShares GNMA Bond ETF. On June 12, 2014, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares GNMA Bond ETF to the iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF.
8 On June 3, 2014, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Core Short-Term U.S. Bond ETF to the iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF. On June 3, 2014, the Fund’s Underlying Index changed from the Barclays U.S. Government/Credit 1-5 Year Bond Index to the Barclays US Universal 1-5 Year Index.
9 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays U.S. Treasury Bond Fund to the iShares U.S. Treasury Bond ETF. On June 12, 2014, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares U.S. Treasury Bond ETF to the iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF.
10 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Financials Sector Bond Fund to the iShares Financials Bond ETF.
11 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Floating Rate Note Fund to the iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF.
12 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond Fund to the iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF.
13 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Industrials Sector Bond Fund to the iShares Industrials Bond ETF.
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14 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond Fund to the iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF.
15 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Fund to the iShares International Treasury Bond ETF.
16 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond Fund to the iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF.
17 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays TIPS Bond Fund to the iShares TIPS Bond ETF.
18 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Utilities Sector Bond Fund to the iShares Utilities Bond ETF.
Each Fund is managed by BlackRock Fund Advisors (“BFA”), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc., and generally seeks to track the investment results of the specific benchmark index identified in the applicable Prospectus for that Fund (each, an “Underlying Index”). BlackRock International Limited, an affiliate of BFA, serves as the sub-adviser (the “Sub-Adviser”) to the iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF, iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF and iShares International Treasury Bond ETF.
Each Fund offers and issues shares at their net asset value per share (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of shares (“Creation Unit”), generally in exchange for a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) included in its Underlying Index (the “Deposit Securities”), together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (the “Cash Component”). The shares described in the applicable Prospectus and in this SAI are listed and trade on national securities exchanges such as BATS Exchange, Inc. (“BATS”), The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (“NASDAQ”) or the NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca”) (each, a “Listing Exchange”). Shares of each Fund are traded in the secondary market and elsewhere at market prices that may be at, above or below the Fund's NAV. Shares are redeemable only in Creation Units, and, generally, in exchange for either cash or portfolio securities and a Cash Component. Creation Units typically are a specified number of shares, generally ranging from 50,000 to 100,000 or multiples thereof.
The Trust reserves the right to permit or require that creations and redemptions of shares are effected fully or partially in cash. Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities, subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain with the Trust a cash deposit equal to at least 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change from time to time, of the market value of the omitted Deposit Securities. See the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Transaction fees and other costs associated with creations or redemptions that include a cash portion may be higher than the transaction fees and other costs associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. In all cases, conditions and fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of SEC rules and regulations applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.
Exchange Listing and Trading
A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in each Fund is contained in the Shareholder Information section of each Fund's Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, that section of the applicable Prospectus.
Shares of each Fund are listed for trading, and trade throughout the day, on the applicable Listing Exchange and other secondary markets. Shares of certain Funds may also be listed on certain non-U.S. exchanges. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Listing Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of shares of any Fund will continue to be met. The Listing Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the shares of a Fund from listing if (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of Fund shares, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of shares of the Fund for 30 or more consecutive trading days, (ii) the value of the Underlying Index on which a Fund is based is no longer calculated or available, (iii) the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available, or (iv) any other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Listing Exchange, makes further dealings on the Listing Exchange inadvisable. The Listing Exchange will also remove shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.
As in the case of other publicly-traded securities, when you buy or sell shares through a broker, you will incur a brokerage commission determined by that broker.
In order to provide additional information regarding the indicative value of shares of the Funds, the Listing Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association,
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or through other widely disseminated means, an updated IOPV for the Funds as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Trust is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IOPVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IOPVs.
An IOPV has a fixed-income securities component and a cash component. The fixed-income securities values included in an IOPV are the values of the Deposit Securities for a Fund. While the IOPV reflects the current value of the Deposit Securities required to be deposited in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, it does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time because the current portfolio of the Fund may include securities that are not a part of the current Deposit Securities. Therefore, a Fund’s IOPV disseminated during the Listing Exchange trading hours should not be viewed as a real-time update of the Fund’s NAV, which is calculated only once a day.
The cash component included in an IOPV consists of estimated accrued interest, dividends and other income, less expenses. If applicable, each IOPV also reflects changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the applicable currency.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the share prices of the Funds in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Funds or an investor's equity interest in the Funds.
Investment Strategies and Risks
Each Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in both fixed-income securities that comprise its relevant Underlying Index and through transactions that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund operates as an index fund and will not be actively managed. Adverse performance of a security in a Fund’s portfolio will ordinarily not result in the elimination of the security from the Fund’s portfolio.
Each Fund engages in representative sampling, which is investing in a sample of securities selected by BFA to have a collective investment profile similar to that of the Fund's Underlying Index. Securities selected have aggregate investment characteristics (based on market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as yield, credit rating, maturity and duration) and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. A fund that uses representative sampling generally does not hold all of the securities that are in its underlying index.
Although the Funds do not seek leveraged returns, certain instruments used by the Funds may have a leveraging effect as described below.
Each of the iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF, iShares CMBS ETF, iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF, iShares Financials Bond ETF, iShares Industrials Bond ETF and iShares Utilities Bond ETF generally invests at least 90% of its assets in the securities of its Underlying Index and in investments that provide substantially similar exposure to the securities in its Underlying Index. Each Fund may invest the remainder of its assets in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in bonds not included in its Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index.
Each of the iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF and iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF generally invests at least 80% of its assets in securities of its Underlying Index and in depositary receipts representing securities of its Underlying Index. However, each Fund may at times invest up to 20% of its assets in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in bonds not included in its Underlying Index, or bonds initially offered pursuant to Regulation S of the 1933 Act, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index.
Each of the iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF and iShares TIPS Bond ETF generally invests at least 90% of its assets in the bonds of its Underlying Index and at least 95% of its assets in U.S. government bonds. Each Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in U.S. government bonds not included in its Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index. Each Fund also may invest up to 5% of its assets in repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government obligations and in cash and cash equivalents, including shares of money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates.
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The iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF generally invests at least 90% of its assets in the securities of its Underlying Index and in investments that provide substantially similar exposure to the securities in its Underlying Index. However, the Fund may at times invest up to 20% of its assets in cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in mortgage-backed pass-through securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) and treasury bonds not included in its Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index.
The iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF generally invests at least 90% of its assets in securities of its Underlying Index. The Fund may invest the remainder of its assets in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in securities not included in its Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index.
The iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF generally invests at least 90% of its assets in the securities of its Underlying Index and in investments that provide substantially similar exposure to the securities in its Underlying Index. The Fund may invest the remainder of its assets in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in securities not included in its Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index.
Each of the iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF and iShares International Treasury Bond ETF generally invests at least 80% of its assets in the securities of its Underlying Index and in investments that provide substantially similar exposure to the securities in its Underlying Index. Each Fund may invest the remainder of its assets in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in securities not included in its Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index.
The iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF generally invests at least 90% of its assets in the securities of its Underlying Index. However, the Fund may at times invest up to 20% of its assets in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in securities not included in its Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index.
Each of the iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF and iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF generally invests at least 90% of its assets in the securities of the Underlying Index and in investments that provide substantially similar exposure to the securities in the Underlying Index. However, each Fund may at times invest up to 20% of its assets in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in securities not included in the Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track the Underlying Index. Each Fund seeks to track the investment results of the Underlying Index before the fees and expenses of the Fund.
Asset-Backed and Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities.  Certain of the Funds may invest in asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”). ABS are securities backed by installment contracts, credit-card receivables or other assets. CMBS are securities backed by commercial real estate properties. Both ABS and CMBS represent interests in “pools” of assets in which payments of both interest and principal on the securities are made on a regular basis. The payments are, in effect, “passed through” to the holder of the securities (net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities). The average life of ABS and CMBS varies with the maturities of the underlying instruments and, as a result of prepayments, can often be less than the original maturity of the assets underlying the securities. For this and other reasons, an ABS or CMBS’s stated maturity may be shortened, and the security’s total return may be difficult to predict precisely.
Beginning in the second half of 2007 through 2009, the market for ABS and mortgage-backed securities experienced substantially, often dramatically, lower valuations and reduced liquidity. These instruments continue to be subject to liquidity constraints, price volatility, credit downgrades and increases in default rates and, therefore, may be more difficult to value and more difficult to dispose of than previously.
Bonds.  Each Fund, other than the iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF and iShares International Treasury Bond ETF, invests a substantial portion of its assets in U.S. dollar-denominated bonds. The iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, iShares 1-3 Year International Bond ETF and iShares International Treasury Bond ETF, invest a substantial
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portion of their assets in non-U.S. dollar-denominated bonds. A bond is an interest-bearing security issued by a U.S. or non-U.S. company, or U.S. or non-U.S. governmental unit. The issuer of a bond has a contractual obligation to pay interest at a stated rate on specific dates and to repay principal (the bond’s face value) periodically or on a specified maturity date. Bonds generally are used by corporations and governments to borrow money from investors.
An issuer may have the right to redeem or “call” a bond before maturity, in which case a fund may have to reinvest the proceeds at lower market rates. Similarly, a fund may have to reinvest interest income or payments received when bonds mature, sometimes at lower market rates. Most bonds bear interest income at a “coupon” rate that is fixed for the life of the bond. The value of a fixed-rate bond usually rises when market interest rates fall, and falls when market interest rates rise. Accordingly, a fixed-rate bond’s yield (income as a percent of the bond’s current value) may differ from its coupon rate as its value rises or falls. When an investor purchases a fixed-rate bond at a price that is greater than its face value, the investor is purchasing the bond at a premium. Conversely, when an investor purchases a fixed-rate bond at a price that is less than its face value, the investor is purchasing the bond at a discount. Fixed-rate bonds that are purchased at a discount pay less current income than securities with comparable yields that are purchased at face value, with the result that prices for such fixed-rate securities can be more volatile than prices for such securities that are purchased at face value. Other types of bonds bear interest at an interest rate that is adjusted periodically. Interest rates on “floating rate” or “variable rate” bonds may be higher or lower than current market rates for fixed-rate bonds of comparable quality with similar final maturities. Because of their adjustable interest rates, the value of “floating rate” or “variable rate” bonds fluctuates much less in response to market interest rate movements than the value of fixed-rate bonds, but the value may decline if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Each Fund may treat some of these bonds as having a shorter maturity for purposes of calculating the weighted average maturity of its investment portfolio. Generally, prices of higher quality issues tend to fluctuate less with changes in market interest rates than prices of lower quality issues and prices of longer maturity issues tend to fluctuate more than prices of shorter maturity issues. Bonds may be senior or subordinated obligations. Senior obligations generally have the first claim on a corporation’s earnings and assets and, in the event of liquidation, are paid before subordinated obligations. Bonds may be unsecured (backed only by the issuer’s general creditworthiness) or secured (backed by specified collateral).
Borrowing.  Each Fund may borrow as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemptions or to facilitate the settlement of securities or other transactions. Under normal market conditions, any borrowing by a Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s net assets; however, each Fund generally does not intend to borrow money.
The purchase of securities while borrowings are outstanding may have the effect of leveraging a Fund. The incurrence of leverage increases a Fund’s exposure to risk, and borrowed funds are subject to interest costs that will reduce net income. Purchasing securities while borrowings are outstanding creates special risks, such as the potential for greater volatility in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the yield on a Fund’s portfolio. In addition, the interest expenses from borrowings may exceed the income generated by a Fund’s portfolio and, therefore, the amount available (if any) for distribution to shareholders as dividends may be reduced. BFA may determine to maintain outstanding borrowings if it expects that the benefits to a Fund’s shareholders will outweigh the current reduced return.
Certain types of borrowings by a Fund may result in a Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverage, portfolio composition requirements and other matters. It is not anticipated that observance of such covenants would impede BFA from managing a Fund’s portfolio in accordance with a Fund’s investment objectives and policies. However, a breach of any such covenants not cured within the specified cure period may result in acceleration of outstanding indebtedness and require a Fund to dispose of portfolio investments at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Brady Bonds.  Certain of the Funds may invest in Brady bonds. Brady bonds are securities created through the exchange of existing commercial bank loans to public and private entities in certain emerging markets for new bonds in connection with debt restructurings. Brady bonds have been issued since 1989. In light of the history of defaults of countries issuing Brady bonds on their commercial bank loans, investments in Brady bonds may be viewed as speculative and subject to the same risks as emerging market securities. Brady bonds may be fully or partially collateralized or uncollateralized, are issued in various currencies (but primarily the U.S. dollar) and are actively traded in over-the-counter (“OTC”) secondary markets. Incomplete collateralization of interest or principal payment obligations results in increased credit risk. U.S. dollar-denominated collateralized Brady bonds, which may be either fixed-rate or floating rate bonds, are generally collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities.
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Corporate Bonds. Certain of the Funds may invest in investment-grade and/or high yield corporate bonds. High yield corporate bonds may be deemed speculative and more volatile than higher rated securities of similar maturity. The investment return of corporate bonds reflects interest earned on the security and changes in the market value of the security. The market value of a corporate bond may be affected by changes in the market rate of interest, the credit rating of the corporation, the corporation’s performance and perceptions of the corporation in the market place. There is a risk that the issuers of the securities may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument.
Diversification Status.  The following table sets forth the diversification status of each Fund:
Diversified Funds   Non-Diversified Funds
iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF
iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF
iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF   iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF
iShares TIPS Bond ETF   iShares CMBS ETF
iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF   iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF
    iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF
    iShares Financials Bond ETF
    iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF
    iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF
    iShares Industrials Bond ETF
    iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF
    iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF
    iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF
    iShares International Treasury Bond ETF
    iShares Utilities Bond ETF
With respect to 75% of its total assets, a “diversified” fund is limited by the 1940 Act such that it does not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one issuer and does not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer (excluding cash and cash items, government securities, and securities of other investment companies). The remaining 25% of the fund’s total assets may be invested in any manner.
 A “non-diversified” fund is a fund that is not limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. The securities of a particular issuer (or securities of issuers in particular industries) may dominate the underlying index of such a fund and, consequently, the fund’s investment portfolio. This may adversely affect the Fund’s performance or subject the Fund’s shares to greater price volatility than that experienced by more diversified investment companies.
Each Fund (whether diversified or non-diversified) intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”) and to relieve the Fund of any liability for U.S. federal income tax to the extent that its earnings are distributed to shareholders, provided that the Fund satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the Internal Revenue Code may limit the investment flexibility of certain Funds and may make it less likely that the Funds will meet their respective investment objectives.
Futures and Options. Futures contracts and options may be used by a Fund to simulate investment in its Underlying Index, to facilitate trading or to reduce transaction costs. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts and options that are traded on a U.S. or non-U.S. exchange. Each Fund will not use futures or options for speculative purposes. Each Fund intends to use
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futures and options in accordance with Rule 4.5 of the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”). BFA, with respect to each Fund, has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” in accordance with Rule 4.5 so that BFA, with respect to each Fund, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific instrument or index at a specified future time and at a specified price. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts to purchase securities indexes when BFA anticipates purchasing the underlying securities and believes prices will rise before the purchase will be made. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
A call option gives a holder the right to purchase a specific security at a specified price (“exercise price”) within a specified period of time. A put option gives a holder the right to sell a specific security at an exercise price within a specified period of time. The initial purchaser of a call option pays the “writer” a premium, which is paid at the time of purchase and is retained by the writer whether or not such option is exercised. Each Fund may purchase put options to hedge its portfolio against the risk of a decline in the market value of securities held and may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities it is committed to purchase. Each Fund may write put and call options along with a long position in options to increase its ability to hedge against a change in the market value of the securities it holds or is committed to purchase. Investments in futures contracts and other investments that contain leverage may require each Fund to maintain liquid assets. Generally, each Fund maintains an amount of liquid assets equal to its obligations relative to the position involved, adjusted daily on a marked-to-market basis. With respect to futures contracts that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” each Fund maintains liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market obligation (i.e., each Fund’s daily net liability, if any), rather than the contracts’ notional value (i.e., the value of the underlying asset). By maintaining assets equal to its net obligation under cash-settled futures contracts, each Fund may employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund set aside assets equal to the futures contracts’ full notional value. Each Fund bases its asset maintenance policies on methods permitted by the staff of the SEC and may modify these policies in the future to comply with any changes in the guidance articulated from time to time by the SEC or its staff.
High Yield Securities. Non-investment grade or “high yield” fixed income or convertible securities commonly known to investors as “junk bonds” or “high yield bonds” are debt securities that are rated below investment grade by the major rating agencies or are unrated securities that Fund management believes are of comparable quality. While generally providing greater income and opportunity for gain, non-investment grade debt securities may be subject to greater risks than securities that have higher credit ratings, including a high risk of default, and their yields will fluctuate over time. High yield securities will generally be in the lower rating categories of recognized rating agencies (rated “Ba” or lower by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or BB by Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”) or “BB” or lower by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services) or will be unrated. The credit rating of a high yield security does not necessarily address its market value risk, and ratings may from time to time change, positively or negatively, to reflect developments regarding the issuer’s financial condition. High yield securities are considered to be speculative with respect to the capacity of the issuer to timely repay principal and pay interest in accordance with the terms of the obligation and may have more credit risk than higher rated securities.
The major risks of high yield bond investments include the following:
High yield bonds may be issued by less creditworthy companies. These securities are vulnerable to adverse changes in the issuer’s industry and to general economic conditions. Issuers of high yield bonds may be unable to meet their interest or principal payment obligations because of an economic downturn, specific issuer developments or the unavailability of additional financing.
The issuers of high yield bonds may have a larger amount of outstanding debt relative to their assets than issuers of investment grade bonds. If the issuer experiences financial stress, it may be unable to meet its debt obligations. The issuer’s ability to pay its debt obligations also may be lessened by specific issuer developments, or the unavailability of additional financing. Issuers of high yield securities are often in the growth stage of their development and/or involved in a reorganization or takeover.
High yield bonds are frequently ranked junior to claims by other creditors. If the issuer cannot meet its obligations, the senior obligations are generally paid off before the junior obligations, which will potentially limit a Fund’s ability to fully recover principal or to receive interest payments when senior securities are in default. Thus, investors in high yield securities have a lower degree of protection with respect to principal and interest payments than do investors in higher rated securities.
High yield bonds frequently have redemption features that permit an issuer to repurchase the security from a Fund
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  before it matures. If an issuer redeems the high yield bonds, a Fund may have to invest the proceeds in bonds with lower yields and may lose income.
Prices of high yield bonds are subject to extreme fluctuations. Negative economic developments may have a greater impact on the prices of high yield bonds than on those of other higher rated fixed income securities.
High yield bonds may be less liquid than higher rated fixed income securities even under normal economic conditions. Under certain economic and/or market conditions, a Fund may have difficulty disposing of certain high yield securities due to the limited number of investors in that sector of the market. There are fewer dealers in the high yield bond market, and there may be significant differences in the prices quoted for high yield bonds by dealers, and such quotations may not be the actual prices available for a purchase or sale. Because high yield bonds are less liquid, judgment may play a greater role in the prices and values generated for such securities than in the case of securities trading in a more liquid market.
The secondary markets for high yield securities are not as liquid as the secondary markets for higher rated securities. The secondary markets for high yield securities are concentrated in relatively few market makers and participants in the markets are mostly institutional investors, including insurance companies, banks, other financial institutions and mutual funds. In addition, the trading volume for high yield securities is generally lower than that for higher rated securities and the secondary markets could contract under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer. Under certain economic and/or market conditions, a Fund may have difficulty disposing of certain high yield securities due to the limited number of investors in that sector of the market. A less liquid secondary market may adversely affect the market price of the high yield security, which may result in increased difficulty selling the particular issue and obtaining accurate market quotations on the issue when valuing a Fund’s assets. Market quotations on high yield securities are available only from a limited number of dealers, and such quotations may not be the actual prices available for a purchase or sale. When the secondary market for high yield securities becomes more illiquid, or in the absence of readily available market quotations for such securities, the relative lack of reliable objective data makes it more difficult to value such securities, and judgment plays a more important role in determining such valuations.
A Fund may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting issuer.
The high yield bond markets may react strongly to adverse news about an issuer or the economy, or to the perception or expectation of adverse news, whether or not it is based on fundamental analysis. Additionally, prices for high yield securities may be affected by legislative and regulatory developments. These developments could adversely affect a Fund’s net asset value and investment practices, the secondary market for high yield securities, the financial condition of issuers of these securities and the value and liquidity of outstanding high yield securities, especially in a thinly traded market. For example, federal legislation requiring the divestiture by federally insured savings and loan associations of their investments in high yield bonds and limiting the deductibility of interest by certain corporate issuers of high yield bonds adversely affected the market in the past.
Illiquid Securities. Each Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment). Illiquid securities may include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets, as determined in accordance with SEC staff guidance. The liquidity of a security relates to the ability to readily dispose of the security and the price to be obtained upon disposition of the security, which may be lower than would be obtained for a comparable, more liquid security. Illiquid securities may trade at a discount to comparable, more liquid investments and may impair a Fund’s ability to dispose of investments in a timely fashion at their expected price.
Inflation-Protected Obligations.  Certain of the Funds invest almost exclusively in inflation-protected public obligations of the U.S. Treasury, commonly known as “TIPS,” and in comparable securities issued by governments of other countries. Inflation-protected obligations are designed to provide inflation protection to investors. Inflation-protected obligations are income-generating instruments whose interest and principal payments are adjusted for inflation - a sustained increase in prices that erodes the purchasing power of money. The inflation adjustment, which is typically applied monthly to the principal of the bond, follows a designated inflation index, the consumer price index (“CPI”), and TIPS’ principal payments are adjusted according to changes in the CPI. A fixed-coupon rate is applied to the inflation-adjusted principal so that as inflation rises, both the principal value and the interest payments increase. This can provide investors with a hedge against inflation, as it helps preserve the purchasing power of an investment. Because of this inflation adjustment feature, inflation-protected bonds typically have lower yields than conventional fixed-rate bonds.
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Certain of the Funds are also subject to the risk that inflation rates of certain countries may be significantly higher than the rates indicated by official reports. As a result, the value of the bonds held by the Funds may decline in value even if payments to investors track reported inflation.
Lending Portfolio Securities. Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain borrowers determined to be creditworthy by BFA, including to borrowers affiliated with BFA. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned. No securities loan shall be made on behalf of a Fund if, as a result, the aggregate value of all securities loans of the particular Fund exceeds one-third of the value of such Fund's total assets (including the value of the collateral received). A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. Each Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower may be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Funds are compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, a Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of each lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, including those affiliated with BFA; such investments are subject to investment risk.
Each Fund conducts its securities lending pursuant to an exemptive order from the Commission permitting it to lend portfolio securities to borrowers affiliated with the Fund and to retain an affiliate of the Fund as lending agent. To the extent that a Fund engages in securities lending, BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. (“BTC”) acts as securities lending agent for the Fund, subject to the overall supervision of BFA. BTC administers the lending program in accordance with guidelines approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board” or the “Trustees”).
Each Fund retains a portion of the securities lending income and remits a remaining portion to BTC as compensation for its services as securities lending agent. Securities lending income is equal to the total of income earned from the reinvestment of cash collateral (and excludes collateral investment fees as defined below), and any fees or other payments to and from borrowers of securities. As securities lending agent, BTC bears all operational costs directly related to securities lending. Each Fund is responsible for fees in connection with the investment of cash collateral received for securities on loan in a money market fund managed by BFA, however, BTC has agreed to reduce the amount of securities lending income it receives in order to effectively limit the collateral investment fees each Fund bears to an annual rate of 0.04% until December 31, 2014 and 0.05% thereafter (the “collateral investment fees”). Such money market fund shares will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee.
Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement:
(i) Fixed Income Funds retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 70% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Under the securities lending program the Funds are categorized into specific asset classes. The determination of a Fund’s asset class category (fixed income, domestic equity, international equity or fund-of-funds), each of which may be subject to a different fee arrangement, is based on a methodology agreed to between the Trust and BTC.
In addition, commencing the business day following the date that the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (as defined under “ManagementTrustees and Officers”) in a calendar year exceeds the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex in calendar year 2013 (the “Hurdle Date”) (or lesser amount as may be agreed to by the Funds and BTC), each Fixed Income Fund, pursuant to the securities lending agreement, will receive for the remainder of that calendar year securities lending income as follows:
(i) 80% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 70% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees each Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, a Fund would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral or in recovering the loaned securities, or to a possible loss of rights in the collateral. In the event a borrower does not return a
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Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. This event could trigger adverse tax consequences for a Fund. A Fund could lose money if its short-term investment of the collateral declines in value over the period of the loan. Substitute payments for dividends received by a Fund for securities loaned out by the Fund will not be considered qualified dividend income. BTC will take the tax effects on shareholders of this difference into account in connection with the Fund’s securities lending program. Substitute payments received on tax-exempt securities loaned out will not be tax-exempt income.
Mortgage-Backed Pass-Through Securities.  A significant portion of the Barclays U.S. GNMA Bond Index represents mortgage backed pass-through securities issued by GNMA. In the basic mortgage-backed pass-through structure, mortgages with similar issuer, term and coupon characteristics are collected and aggregated into a “pool” consisting of multiple mortgage loans. The pool is assigned a CUSIP number and undivided interests in the pool are traded and sold as pass-through securities. The holder of the security is entitled to a pro rata share of principal and interest payments (including unscheduled prepayments) from the pool of mortgage loans. The portion of the Barclays U.S. GNMA Bond Index representing the mortgage-backed pass-through segment of the U.S. investment-grade bond market , if any, may be comprised of multiple pools of fixed-rate and hybrid adjustable rate mortgages (“ARMs”) mortgage-backed pass-through securities. A hybrid ARM is a mortgage in which the homeowner pays a fixed interest rate for a fixed period of time (typically 3, 5, 7, or 10 years) and a floating rate after that period, combining the features of fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities.
An investment in a specific pool of pass-through securities requires an analysis of the specific prepayment risk of mortgages within the covered pool (since mortgagors typically have the option to prepay their loans). The level of prepayments on a pool of mortgage-backed securities is difficult to predict and can impact the subsequent cash flows, value and yield of the mortgage pool. In addition, when trading specific mortgage pools, precise execution, delivery and settlement arrangements must be negotiated for each transaction. These factors combine to make trading in mortgage pools somewhat cumbersome.
For these and other reasons, the iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF seeks to obtain exposure to the fixed-rate portion of the U.S. agency mortgage-backed pass-through securities, which represent a significant portion of its Underlying Index, primarily through the use of “to-be-announced (TBA) transactions.” “TBA” refers to a commonly used mechanism for the forward settlement of U.S. agency mortgage-backed pass-through securities, and not to a separate type of mortgage-backed security. Most transactions in fixed-rate mortgage-backed pass-through securities occur through the use of TBA transactions. TBA transactions generally are conducted in accordance with widely-accepted guidelines which establish commonly observed terms and conditions for execution, settlement and delivery. In a TBA transaction, the buyer and seller decide on general trade parameters, such as agency, settlement date, par amount, and price. The actual pools delivered generally are determined two days prior to settlement date. The iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF may use TBA transactions in several ways. For example, the Fund may regularly enter into TBA agreements and “roll over” such agreements prior to the settlement date stipulated in such agreements. This type of TBA transaction is sometimes known as a “TBA roll.” In a TBA roll, the Fund generally will sell the obligation to purchase the pools stipulated in the TBA agreement prior to the stipulated settlement date and will enter into a new TBA agreement for future delivery of pools of mortgage-backed pass-through securities. In addition, the Fund may enter into TBA agreements and settle such transactions on the stipulated settlement date by accepting actual receipt or delivery of the pools of mortgage-backed pass-through securities stipulated in the TBA agreement. The iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF is not required to use TBA transactions to gain exposure to mortgage pools, and the Fund may choose to purchase those interests in any manner believed by BFA to be in the best interest of the Fund. The Fund’s use of TBA rolls may cause the Fund to experience higher portfolio turnover, higher transaction costs, and to pay higher capital gain distributions to shareholders (which may be taxable) than other Funds described in this SAI that do not use TBA rolls.
The iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF intends to invest cash pending settlement of any TBA transactions in money market instruments, repurchase agreements or other high-quality, liquid short-term instruments, including money market funds advised by BFA. The Fund will assume its pro rata share of fees and expenses of any money market fund that it may invest in, in addition to the Fund’s own fees and expenses.
Non-U.S. Securities.  Certain of the Funds invest in certain obligations or securities of non-U.S. issuers. An issuer of a security may be deemed to be located in a particular country if (i) the principal trading market for the security is in such country, (ii) the issuer is organized under the laws of such country, (iii) the issuer derives at least 50% of its revenues or profits from such country or has at least 50% of its assets situated in such country or, (iv) the issuer is the particular country.
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Options on Futures Contracts.  Each Fund may invest in options on futures contracts. An option on a futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's futures margin account that represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential for loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option plus transaction costs. Because the value of the option is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option changes daily and that change would be reflected in the NAV of each Fund. The potential for loss related to writing call options is unlimited. The potential for loss related to writing put options is limited to the agreed upon price per share, also known as the “strike price,” less the premium received from writing the put.
Each Fund may purchase and write put and call options on futures contracts that are traded on an exchange as a hedge against changes in value of its portfolio securities, or in anticipation of the purchase of securities, and may enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.
Upon entering into a futures contract, each Fund will be required to deposit with the broker an amount of cash or cash equivalents known as “initial margin,” which is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract and is returned to each Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, known as “variation margin,” to and from the broker will be made daily as the price of the index underlying the futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking-to-market.” At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, each Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate each Fund's existing position in the contract.
Privately-Issued Securities.  The iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF, iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Financials Bond ETF, iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF, iShares Industrials Bond ETF, iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF and iShares Utilities Bond ETF may invest in privately-issued securities, including those that may be resold only in accordance with Rule 144A or Regulation S under the 1933 Act (“Restricted Securities”). Restricted Securities are not publicly-traded and are subject to a variety of restrictions, which limit a purchaser's ability to acquire or resell such securities. Accordingly, the liquidity of the market for specific Restricted Securities may vary. Delay or difficulty in selling such securities may result in a loss to a Fund.
Ratings.  An investment-grade rating means the security or issuer is rated investment-grade by Moody’s, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”), or another credit rating agency designated as a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) by the SEC, or is unrated but considered to be of equivalent quality by BFA. Bonds rated Baa3 or above by Moody’s or BBB- or above by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services and Fitch are considered “investment-grade” securities, bonds rated Baa are considered medium grade obligations subject to moderate credit risk and may possess certain speculative characteristics, while bonds rated BBB are regarded as having adequate capacity to meet financial commitments.
Subsequent to purchase by a Fund, a rated security may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below an investment-grade rating. Bonds rated lower than Baa3 by Moody’s or BBB- by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services or Fitch are considered below investment-grade quality and are obligations of issuers that are considered predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal according to the terms of the obligation and, therefore, carry greater investment risk, including the possibility of issuer default and bankruptcy and increased market price volatility. Such securities (“lower-rated securities”) are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” and are subject to a substantial degree of credit risk. Lower-rated securities are often issued by smaller, less creditworthy companies or by highly leveraged (indebted) firms, which are generally less able than more financially stable firms to make scheduled payments of interest and principal. The risks posed by securities issued under such circumstances are substantial. Bonds rated below investment-grade tend to be less marketable than higher-quality bonds because the market for them is less broad. The market for unrated bonds is even narrower. Please see Appendix A of this SAI for a description of each rating category of Moody's, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services and Fitch.
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Regulation Regarding Derivatives. Effective December 31, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) adopted certain regulatory changes that subject registered investment companies and advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if funds that are registered investment companies, such as the Funds, invest more than a prescribed level of their liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or if such funds market themselves as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent a Fund uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, BFA has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the CEA pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. BFA is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of such Fund.
Certain of the Funds may also have investments in “underlying funds” (and such underlying funds themselves may invest in underlying funds) not advised by BFA (which for purposes of the no-action letter referenced below may include certain securitized vehicles and/or mortgage real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) that may invest in CFTC Derivatives). BFA has no transparency into the holdings of these underlying funds because they are not advised by BFA. To address this issue of lack of transparency, the CFTC staff issued a no-action letter on November 29, 2012 permitting the adviser of a fund that invests in such underlying funds and that would otherwise have filed a claim of exclusion pursuant to Rule 4.5 to delay registration as a “commodity pool operator” until six months from the date on which the CFTC issues additional guidance on the treatment of CFTC Derivatives held by underlying funds. BFA, the adviser of the Funds, has filed a request with the CFTC to rely on this no-action relief.
Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an instrument under which the purchaser (i.e., a Fund) acquires the security and the seller agrees, at the time of the sale, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. If a repurchase agreement is construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities will not be considered to be owned by a Fund but only to constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price, and, in the event of a default by the seller, the Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or losses in connection with the disposition of the collateral.
In any repurchase transaction, the collateral for a repurchase agreement may include: (i) cash items; (ii) obligations issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities; or (iii) obligations that, at the time the repurchase agreement is entered into, are rated in the highest rating category generally by at least two NRSROs, or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by BFA. Collateral, however, is not limited to the foregoing and may include, for example, obligations rated below the highest category by NRSROs. Collateral for a repurchase agreement may also include securities that a Fund could not hold directly without the repurchase obligation. Irrespective of the type of collateral underlying the repurchase agreement, in the case of a repurchase agreement entered into by a non-money market fund, the repurchase obligation of a seller must be of comparable credit quality to securities that are rated in the highest two short-term credit rating categories by at least one NRSRO or, if unrated, deemed by BFA to be of equivalent quality.
Repurchase agreements pose certain risks for a Fund that utilizes them. Such risks are not unique to the Funds, but are inherent in repurchase agreements. The Funds seek to minimize such risks, but because of the inherent legal uncertainties involved in repurchase agreements, such risks cannot be eliminated. Lower quality collateral and collateral with longer maturities may be subject to greater price fluctuations than higher quality collateral and collateral with shorter maturities. If the repurchase agreement counterparty were to default, lower quality collateral may be more difficult to liquidate than higher quality collateral. Should the counterparty default and the amount of collateral not be sufficient to cover the counterparty’s repurchase obligation, a Fund would retain the status of an unsecured creditor of the counterparty (i.e., the position the Fund would normally be in if it were to hold, pursuant to its investment policies, other unsecured debt securities of the defaulting counterparty) with respect to the amount of the shortfall. As an unsecured creditor, a Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment and have the characteristics of borrowing. Generally, the effect of such transactions is that a Fund can recover all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the reverse repurchase agreement, while in many cases the Fund is able to keep some of the interest income associated with those securities. Such transactions are advantageous only if a Fund has an opportunity to earn a rate of interest on the cash derived from these transactions that is greater than the interest cost of obtaining the same amount of cash. Opportunities to realize earnings from the use of the proceeds equal to or greater than the interest required
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to be paid may not always be available and a Fund intends to use the reverse repurchase technique only when BFA believes it will be advantageous to the Fund. The use of reverse repurchase agreements may exaggerate any increase or decrease in the value of a Fund’s assets. A Fund’s exposure to reverse repurchase agreements will be covered by liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than such commitments. The use of reverse repurchase agreements is a form of leverage because the proceeds derived from reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities.
Securities of Investment Companies.  Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies (including money market funds) to the extent allowed by law, regulation, exemptive order or SEC staff guidance. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund’s investment in investment companies is limited to, subject to certain exceptions, (i) 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any one investment company, (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company, and (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to investment companies in the aggregate. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, the Funds intend from time to time to invest its assets in securities of investment companies, including but not limited to money market funds, including those advised by BFA or otherwise affiliated with BFA, in excess of the limits discussed above. Other investment companies in which a Fund invests can be expected to incur fees and expenses for operations, such as investment advisory and administration fees, that would be in addition to those incurred by a Fund.
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments.  Each Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including variable rate demand notes, short-term municipal securities, short-term municipal money market funds and money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds (including those advised by BFA or otherwise affiliated with BFA); (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed-time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. banks (including non-U.S. branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated, at the date of purchase, “Prime-1” by Moody's, “F-1” by Fitch or “A-1” by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, or if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by BFA; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; (vi) repurchase agreements; and (vii) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of non-U.S. banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of BFA, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by a Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or forward-settled basis. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
Sovereign and Quasi-Sovereign Obligations.  Certain of the Funds may invest in sovereign and quasi-sovereign obligations. An investment in sovereign debt obligations involves special risks not present in corporate debt obligations. Sovereign debt includes securities issued or guaranteed by a foreign sovereign government. Quasi-sovereign debt includes securities issued or guaranteed by an entity affiliated with or backed by a sovereign government. The issuer of the sovereign debt that controls the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due, and a Fund may have limited recourse in the event of a default. Similar to other issuers, changes to financial condition or credit rating of a non-U.S. government may cause the value of a sovereign debt to decline. During periods of economic uncertainty, the market prices of sovereign debt obligations may be more volatile than prices of U.S. debt obligations, which may affect a Fund's NAV. In the past, certain emerging market countries have encountered difficulties in servicing their debt obligations, withheld payments of principal and interest and declared moratoria on the payment of principal and interest on their sovereign debts. Several sovereign issuers have experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about rising government debt levels, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In the past, sovereign issuers have also defaulted on their debt obligations, including Russia, Argentina, Indonesia and Uruguay.
A sovereign debtor's willingness or ability to repay principal and pay interest in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its non-U.S. currency reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange, the relative size of the debt service burden, the sovereign debtor's policy toward principal international lenders and local political constraints. Sovereign debtors may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and other entities to reduce principal and interest arrears on their debt. The failure of a sovereign debtor to implement economic reforms, achieve specified levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of third-party commitments to lend funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair such debtor's ability or willingness to service its debts. Quasi-sovereign debt obligations are typically less liquid and less standardized than government debt.
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Swap Agreements. Swap agreements are contracts between parties in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on the change in market value or level of a specified rate, index or asset. In return, the other party agrees to make periodic payments to the first party based on the return of a different specified rate, index or asset. Swap agreements will usually be performed on a net basis, with a Fund receiving or paying only the net amount of the two payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap is accrued on a daily basis and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained by the Fund.
The use of interest rate and index swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. These transactions generally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal.
U.S. Government Obligations.  Certain of the Funds may invest in various types of U.S. government obligations. U.S. government obligations are a type of bond and include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. government obligations (i) may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or (ii) may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself (as with Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and Federal Home Loan Bank notes). In the latter case, each Fund must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities where it is not obligated to do so. As a general matter, the value of debt instruments, including U.S. government obligations, declines when market interest rates increase and rises when market interest rates decrease. Certain types of U.S. government obligations are subject to fluctuations in yield or value due to their structure or contract terms.
In 2008, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were placed under the conservatorship of the U.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”). Under this conservatorship, the FHFA operates and manages the agencies, and the U.S. Department of Treasury has agreed to provide capital as needed (up to $100 billion per agency) to ensure that the agencies continue to provide liquidity to the housing and mortgage markets.
U.S.-Registered Securities of Non-U.S. Issuers.  Each Fund (other than the iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF, iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF, iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF and iShares TIPS Bond ETF) may invest in U.S.-registered, U.S. dollar-denominated bonds of non-U.S. governments, agencies, supranational entities and corporate issuers. Investing in U.S.-registered, U.S. dollar-denominated bonds issued by non-U.S. issuers involves some risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. issuers. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in foreign countries, and potential restrictions of the flow of international capital. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to less governmental regulation than U.S. issuers. In addition, the risk that the issuer may fail to meet its obligations on these securities may be affected by fluctuations in non-U.S. currency exchange rates between the issuer's local currency and the U.S. dollar. Moreover, individual non-U.S. economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product (“GDP”), rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions.
U.S. Treasury Obligations Risk.  Certain of the Underlying Funds invest in various types of U.S. Treasury securities. U.S. Treasury obligations may differ from other securities in their interest rates, maturities, times of issuance and other characteristics. Similar to other issuers, changes to the financial condition or credit rating of the U.S. government may cause the value of U.S. Treasury obligations to decline. U.S. Treasury obligations typically offer lower interest rates than other obligations. Neither the U.S. government nor any of its agencies or instrumentalities guarantees the market value of the securities it issues.
The total public debt of the United States as a percent of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since the beginning of the recent financial downturn. Although high debt levels do not necessarily indicate or cause economic problems, they may create systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt level may increase market pressures to meet government funding needs, which may drive debt cost higher and cause a country to sell additional debt, thereby increasing refinancing risk. A high national debt also raises concerns that a government will not be able to make principal or interest payments when they are due. In the worst case, unsustainable debt levels can cause a
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decline in the value of the dollar (which may lead to inflation), and can prevent the U.S. government from implementing effective counter-cyclical fiscal policy in economic downturns.
On August 5, 2011, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services downgraded U.S. Treasury securities from a AAA rating to AA+. A downgrade of the ratings of U.S. government debt obligations, which are often used as a benchmark for other borrowing arrangements, could result in higher interest rates for individual and corporate borrowers, cause disruptions in the international bond markets and generally have a substantial negative effect on the U.S. economy. A downgrade of U.S. Treasury securities from another ratings agency or a further downgrade beyond AA+ rating by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services may cause the value of a Fund's U.S. Treasury obligations to decline.
Future Developments.  The Board may, in the future, authorize each Fund to invest in securities contracts and investments other than those listed in this SAI and in the applicable Prospectus, provided they are consistent with each Fund's investment objective and do not violate any investment restrictions or policies.
General Considerations and Risks
A discussion of some of the principal risks associated with an investment in a Fund is contained in each Fund's Prospectus. An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers of the portfolio securities, the value of bonds in general, and other factors that affect the market.
Agency Debt Risk. Certain of the Funds may invest in unsecured bonds or debentures issued by government agencies, including Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. Bonds or debentures issued by government agencies are generally backed only by the general creditworthiness and reputation of the government agency issuing the bond or debenture and are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
Some government agencies, including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, purchase and guarantee residential mortgages and form mortgage-backed securities that they issue to the market. These agencies also hold their own mortgage-backed securities as well as those of other institutions with funding from the agency debentures they issue. Recent events in the markets for mortgage-backed securities have adversely affected the value of those mortgage-backed securities held and/or issued by these agencies.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were placed under the conservatorship of the FHFA in September 2008. Under this conservatorship, the FHFA will operate and manage the agencies, and the U.S. Department of the Treasury has agreed to provide capital as needed (up to $100 billion per agency) to ensure that the agencies continue to provide liquidity to the housing and mortgage markets. It is unclear what effect this conservatorship will have on the securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. As a result, these securities are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds).
Borrowing Risk.  Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the return on a Fund’s portfolio. Borrowing will cost a Fund interest expense and other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce a Fund’s return. Borrowing may cause a Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations.
Call Risk.  During periods of falling interest rates, an issuer of a callable bond held by certain Funds may “call” or repay the security before its stated maturity, which may result in a Fund having to reinvest the proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Fund's income.
Custody Risk.  Custody risk refers to the risks inherent in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of their local markets, and thus may be subject to limited or no government oversight. Communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems. Practices in relation to the settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because of the use of brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted
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by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result in ownership registration being lost. In addition, the laws of certain countries may put limits on a Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or an agent of any of the foregoing goes bankrupt. A Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such custody problems and may have no successful claim for compensation.
Cyber Security Issues. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, each Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cyber security failures or breaches by a Fund’s third party service providers (including, but not limited to, index providers, fund accountants and transfer agents), market makers, Authorized Participants (as defined in the Portfolio Holdings Information section of this SAI) and the issuers of securities in which the Funds invests, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Funds have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Funds cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by issuers in which the Funds invests, market makers or Authorized Participants. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Extension Risk.  During periods of rising interest rates, certain obligations will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated and the value of those securities may fall sharply, resulting in a decline to a Fund’s income and potentially in the value of a Fund’s investments.
Operational Risk. BFA and a Fund’s other service providers may experience disruptions or operating errors that could negatively impact the Funds. While service providers are required to have appropriate operational risk management policies and procedures, their methods of operational risk management may differ from the Funds' in the setting of priorities, the personnel and resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. BlackRock, through its monitoring and oversight of service providers, seeks to ensure that service providers take appropriate precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to disruptions and operating errors. However, it is not possible for BlackRock or the other Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects.
Prepayment Risk.  During periods of falling interest rates, an issuer of mortgages and other securities may be able to repay principal prior to the security’s maturity, causing the Fund to have to reinvest in securities with a lower yield, resulting in a decline in the Fund’s income.
Risk of Derivatives.  A derivative is a financial contract, the value of which depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset such as a security, a commodity (such as gold or silver), a currency or an index (a measure of value or rates, such as the S&P 500 or the prime lending rate). Each Fund may invest in variable rate demand notes and obligations, and tender option bonds, which may be considered derivatives. Compared to conventional securities, derivatives can be more sensitive to changes in interest rates or to sudden fluctuations in market prices and thus a Fund's losses may be greater if it invests in derivatives than if it invests only in conventional securities. Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations.
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions. There are several risks accompanying the utilization of futures contracts and options on futures contracts. A position in futures contracts and options on futures contracts may be closed only on the exchange on which the contract was made (or a linked exchange). While each Fund plans to utilize futures contracts only if an active market exists for such contracts, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist for the contract at a specified time. Furthermore, because, by definition, futures contracts project price levels in the future and not current levels of valuation, market circumstances may result in a discrepancy between the price of the bond index future and the movement in the relevant Underlying Index. In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would continue to be required to make
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daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, a Fund may be required to deliver the instruments underlying the futures contracts it has sold.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts or uncovered call options in some strategies (e.g., selling uncovered bond index futures contracts) is potentially unlimited. Each Fund does not plan to use futures and options contracts in this way. The risk of a futures position may still be large as traditionally measured due to the low margin deposits required. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit. Each Fund, however, intends to utilize futures and options contracts in a manner designed to limit its risk exposure to levels comparable to a direct investment in the types of bonds in which it invests.
Utilization of futures and options on futures by a Fund involves the risk of imperfect or even negative correlation to its Underlying Index if the index underlying the futures contract differs from the Underlying Index. There is also the risk of loss by a Fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in the futures contract or option. The purchase of put or call options will be based upon predictions by BFA as to anticipated trends, which predictions could prove to be incorrect.
Because the futures market generally imposes less burdensome margin requirements than the securities market, an increased amount of participation by speculators in the futures market could result in price fluctuations. Certain financial futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount by which the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day's settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting each Fund to substantial losses. In the event of adverse price movements, each Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Debt Securities.  Certain of the Funds may invest in non-U.S. debt securities. An issuer of a security may be deemed to be located in a particular country if (i) the principal trading market for the security is in such country, (ii) the issuer is organized under the laws of such country, (iii) the issuer derives at least 50% of its revenues or profits from such country or has at least 50% of its assets situated in such country, or (iv) the issuer is the particular country. An investment in a Fund involves risks associated with investing in a portfolio of debt securities traded on foreign exchanges and over-the-counter in the respective countries covered by a Fund. These risks typically include market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in bond prices. Investing in a Fund whose portfolio contains non-U.S. issuers involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in the securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include generally less liquid and less efficient securities markets; generally greater price volatility; less publicly-available information about issuers; the imposition of withholding or other taxes; the imposition of restrictions on the expatriation of funds or other assets of a Fund; higher transaction and custody costs; delays and risks attendant in settlement procedures; difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations; lower liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization of most non-U.S. securities markets; different accounting and disclosure standards; lower levels of regulation of the securities markets; more substantial government interference with the economy; higher rates of inflation; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty; and the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets and risk of war.
The United States and the European Union (the “EU”) have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian individuals and a financial institution. The United States or the EU could also institute broader sanctions on Russia. These sanctions, or even the threat of further sanctions, may result in the decline of the value and liquidity of Russian securities, a weakening of the ruble or other adverse consequences to the Russian economy. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities, impairing the ability of iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities. Sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities.
Valuation Risk.  In certain circumstances, a Fund’s securities may be valued using techniques other than market quotations. The value established for a security may be different from what would be produced through the use of another methodology or if the value had been priced using market quotations. Securities that are valued using methods other than market
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quotations, including “fair valued” securities, may be subject to greater fluctuation in their value from one day to the next than would be the case if market quotations were used. In addition, there is no assurance that a Fund could sell a security for the value established for it at any time, and it is possible that a Fund could incur a loss if a security is sold for less than its established value.
Risk of Investing in Africa. Investments in securities of issuers in certain African countries involve heightened risks including, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict, civil war, and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socioeconomic unrest and, in certain countries, genocidal warfare.
Certain countries in Africa generally have less developed capital markets than traditional emerging market countries, and, consequently, the risks of investing in foreign securities are magnified in such countries. Because securities markets of countries in Africa are underdeveloped and are less correlated to global economic cycles than those markets located in more developed countries, securities markets in African countries are subject to greater risks associated with market volatility, lower market capitalization, lower trading volume, illiquidity, inflation, greater price fluctuations and uncertainty regarding the existence of trading markets.
Moreover, trading on securities markets may be suspended altogether. Market volatility may also be heightened by the actions of a small number of investors. Brokerage firms in certain countries in Africa may be fewer in number and less established than brokerage firms in more developed markets. Since a Fund may need to effect securities transactions through these brokerage firms, the Fund is subject to the risk that these brokerage firms will not be able to fulfill their obligations to the Fund (i.e., counterparty risk). This risk is magnified to the extent that a Fund effects securities transactions through a single brokerage firm or a small number of brokerage firms.
Certain governments in African countries restrict or control to varying degrees the ability of foreign investors to invest in securities of issuers located or operating in those countries. These restrictions and/or controls may at times limit or prevent foreign investment in securities of issuers located or operating in countries in Africa. Moreover, certain countries in Africa require governmental approval or special licenses prior to investment by foreign investors and may limit the amount of investment by foreign investors in a particular industry and/or issuer, and may limit such foreign investment to a certain class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domestic investors of the countries and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. A delay in obtaining a government approval or a license would delay investments in a particular country, and, as a result, a Fund may not be able to invest in certain securities while approval is pending. The government of a particular country may also withdraw or decline to renew a license that enables a Fund to invest in such country. These factors make investing in issuers located or operating in countries in Africa significantly riskier than investing in issuers located or operating in more developed countries, and any one of these factors could cause a decline in the value of a Fund’s investments.
Issuers located or operating in countries in Africa are not subject to the same rules and regulations as issuers located or operating in more developed countries. Therefore, there may be less financial and other information publicly-available with regard to issuers located or operating in countries in Africa and such issuers are not subject to the uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards applicable to issuers located or operating in more developed countries.
In addition, governments of certain countries in Africa in which a Fund may invest may levy withholding or other taxes on income such as dividends, interest and realized capital gains. Although in certain countries in Africa a portion of these taxes are recoverable, the non-recovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from investments in such countries.
Investment in countries in Africa may be subject to a greater degree of risk associated with governmental approval in connection with the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. In addition, there is the risk that if an African country’s balance of payments declines, such African country may impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. Consequently, a Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments. Additionally, investments in countries in Africa may require a Fund to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Fund.
Securities laws in many countries in Africa are relatively new and unsettled and, consequently, there is a risk of rapid and unpredictable change in laws regarding foreign investment, securities regulation, title to securities and shareholder rights.
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Accordingly, foreign investors may be adversely affected by new or amended laws and regulations. In addition, there may be no single centralized securities exchange on which securities are traded in certain countries in Africa and the systems of corporate governance to which issuers located in countries in Africa are subject may be less advanced than those systems to which issuers located in more developed countries are subject, and therefore, shareholders of issuers located in such countries may not receive many of the protections available to shareholders of issuers located in more developed countries. In circumstances where adequate laws and shareholder rights exist, it may not be possible to obtain swift and equitable enforcement of the law. In addition, the enforcement of systems of taxation at federal, regional and local levels in countries in Africa may be inconsistent and subject to sudden change.
Certain countries in Africa may be heavily dependent upon international trade and, consequently, have been and may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These countries also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade. Certain countries in Africa depend to a significant extent upon exports of primary commodities such as gold, silver, copper and diamonds. These countries therefore are vulnerable to changes in commodity prices, which may be affected by a variety of factors. In addition, certain issuers located in countries in Africa in which a Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations, and/or countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries. A Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those risks.
The governments of certain countries in Africa may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in such countries, which could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments that could adversely affect investments in certain countries in Africa. Some countries in Africa may be affected by a greater degree of public corruption and crime, including organized crime.
In addition, recent political instability and protests in North Africa and the Middle East have caused significant disruptions to many industries. This instability has demonstrated that political and social unrest can spread quickly through the region, and that developments in one country can influence the political events in neighboring countries. Some protests have turned violent, and civil war and political reconstruction in certain countries such as Libya poses a risk to investments in the region. Continued political and social unrest in these regions may negatively affect the value of an investment in a Fund.
Risk of Investing in Asia.  Investments in securities of issuers in certain Asian countries involve risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in other regions. Such heightened risks include, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socio-economic unrest. Many Asian economies have experienced rapid rates of economic growth and industrialization in recent years, and there is no assurance that these rates of economic growth and industrialization will be maintained.
Certain Asian countries have democracies with relatively short histories, which may increase the risk of political instability. These countries have faced political and military unrest, and further unrest could present a risk to their local economies and securities markets. Indonesia and the Philippines have each experienced violence and terrorism, which has negatively impacted their economies. North Korea and South Korea each have substantial military capabilities, and historical tensions between the two countries present the risk of war; in the recent past, these tensions have escalated. Any outbreak of hostilities between the two countries could have a severe adverse effect on the South Korean economy and securities market. Increased political and social unrest in these geographic areas could adversely affect the performance of investments in this region.
Certain governments in this region administer prices on several basic goods, including fuel and electricity, within their respective countries. Certain governments may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector in their respective countries and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in this region, which in turn could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments adversely affecting investments in the region.
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Corruption and the perceived lack of a rule of law in dealings with international companies in certain Asian countries may discourage foreign investment and could negatively impact the long-term growth of certain economies in this region. In addition, certain countries in the region are experiencing high unemployment and corruption, and have fragile banking sectors.
Some economies in this region are dependent on a range of commodities, including oil, natural gas and coal. Accordingly, they are strongly affected by international commodity prices and particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products. The market for securities in this region may also be directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and by the economic and market conditions of neighboring countries. Adverse economic conditions or developments in neighboring countries may increase investors' perception of the risk of investing in the region as a whole, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by companies in the region.
Risk of Investing in Australasia.  The economies of Australasia, which include Australia and New Zealand, are dependent on exports from the agricultural and mining sectors. This makes Australasian economies susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. Australasian economies are also increasingly dependent on their growing service industries. Australia and New Zealand are located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters, such as drought and flooding. Any such event in the future could have a significant adverse impact on the economies of Australia and New Zealand and affect the value of securities held by the relevant Fund. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are dependent on trading with certain key trading partners, including Asia, Europe and the United States. The Australia–U.S. Free Trade Agreement has significantly expanded the trading relationship between the United States and Australia. In 2003, Australia and Singapore entered into the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (“SAFTA”). SAFTA is intended to further expand the economic relationship with Singapore, Australia’s largest trade and investment partner in Southeast Asia. Thus, economic events in the United States, Asia, or in other key trading countries can have a significant economic effect on the Australian economy. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are heavily dependent on the mining sector. Passage of new regulations limiting foreign ownership of companies in the mining sector or imposition of new taxes on profits of mining companies may dissuade foreign investment, and as a result, have a negative impact on companies to which the Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in Central and South America.  The economies of certain Central and South American countries have experienced high interest rates, economic volatility, inflation, currency devaluations, government defaults and high unemployment rates. In addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant percentage of exports for the regions and many economies in these regions are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries of these regions.
Risk of Investing in Eastern Europe.  Investing in the securities of Eastern European issuers is highly speculative and involves risks not usually associated with investing in the more developed markets of Western Europe. Political and economic reforms are too recent to establish a definite trend away from centrally planned economies and state-owned industries. In the past, some Eastern European governments have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and many claims of the property owners have never been fully settled.
Many Eastern European countries continue to move toward market economies at different paces with appropriately different characteristics. Most Eastern European securities markets suffer from thin trading activity, dubious investor protections, and often a dearth of reliable corporate information. Information and transaction costs, differential taxes, and sometimes political or transfer risk give a comparative advantage to the domestic investor rather than the foreign investor. In addition, these markets are particularly sensitive to social, political, economic, and currency events in Russia and may suffer heavy losses as a result of their trading and investment links to the Russian economy and currency. Russia also may attempt to assert its influence in the region through economic or even military measures, as it did with Georgia in the summer of 2008. Eastern European economies may also be particularly susceptible to changes in the international credit markets due to their reliance on bank related inflows of capital. The global economic crisis has restricted international credit supplies, and several Eastern European economies have faced significant credit and economic crises. Although some Eastern European economies are expanding again, major challenges are still present as a result of their continued dependence on the Western European zone for credit.
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets.  Certain of the Funds may invest in securities of issuers domiciled in emerging market countries. Investments in emerging market countries may be subject to greater risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include: (i) less social, political, and economic stability; (ii) greater illiquidity and price volatility due to
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smaller or limited local capital markets for such securities, or low or non-existent trading volumes; (iii) foreign exchanges and broker-dealers may be subject to less scrutiny and regulation by local authorities; (iv) local governments may decide to seize or confiscate securities held by foreign investors and/or local governments may decide to suspend or limit an issuer's ability to make dividend or interest payments; (v) local governments may limit or entirely restrict repatriation of invested capital, profits, and dividends; (vi) capital gains may be subject to local taxation, including on a retroactive basis; (vii) issuers facing restrictions on dollar or euro payments imposed by local governments may attempt to make dividend or interest payments to foreign investors in the local currency; (viii) investors may experience difficulty in enforcing legal claims related to the securities and/or local judges may favor the interests of the issuer over those of foreign investors; (ix) bankruptcy judgments may only be permitted to be paid in the local currency; (x) limited public information regarding the issuer may result in greater difficulty in determining market valuations of the securities, and (xi) lax financial reporting on a regular basis, substandard disclosure and differences in accounting standards may make it difficult to ascertain the financial health of an issuer.
Emerging market securities markets are typically marked by a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of ownership of such securities by a limited number of investors. In addition, brokerage and other costs associated with transactions in emerging markets securities markets can be higher, sometimes significantly, than similar costs incurred in securities markets in developed countries. Although some emerging markets have become more established and tend to issue securities of higher credit quality, the markets for securities in other emerging countries are in the earliest stages of their development, and these countries issue securities across the credit spectrum. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in emerging countries may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the securities markets of developed countries. The limited size of many of these securities markets can cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, prices may be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions in these markets. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity of such markets. The limited liquidity of emerging country securities may also affect a Fund's ability to accurately value its portfolio securities or to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so or in order to meet redemption requests.
Many emerging market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Sudden changes in governments may result in policies which are less favorable to investors such as policies designed to expropriate or nationalize “sovereign” assets. Certain emerging market countries in the past have expropriated large amounts of private property, in many cases with little or no compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future.
Investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit a Fund's investment in certain emerging countries and may increase the expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer's outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals.
Many emerging market countries lack the social, political, and economic stability characteristic of the United States. Political instability among emerging market countries can be common and may be caused by an uneven distribution of wealth, social unrest, labor strikes, civil wars, and religious oppression. Economic instability in emerging market countries may take the form of: (i) high interest rates; (ii) high levels of inflation, including hyperinflation; (iii) high levels of unemployment or underemployment; (iv) changes in government economic and tax policies, including confiscatory taxation; and (v) imposition of trade barriers.
A Fund's income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the emerging market countries in which it invests, and treaties between the United States and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates.
Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain of these emerging markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions.
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In the past, certain governments in emerging market countries have become overly reliant on the international capital markets and other forms of foreign credit to finance large public spending programs, which in the past have caused huge budget deficits. Often, interest payments have become too overwhelming for a government to meet, representing a large percentage of total GDP. These foreign obligations have become the subject of political debate and served as fuel for political parties of the opposition, which pressure the government not to make payments to foreign creditors, but instead to use these funds for, among other things, social programs. Either due to an inability to pay or submission to political pressure, foreign governments have been forced to seek a restructuring of their loan and/or bond obligations, have declared a temporary suspension of interest payments or have defaulted. These events have adversely affected the values of securities issued by foreign governments and corporations domiciled in those countries and have negatively affected not only their cost of borrowing, but their ability to borrow in the future as well.
Risk of Investing in Europe.  The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the “EU”) requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro (the common currency of certain EU countries), the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession among EU member countries may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners. Although certain European countries do not use the euro, many of these countries are obliged to meet the criteria for joining the euro zone. Consequently, these countries must comply with many of the restrictions noted above. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about economic downturns, rising government debt levels and the possible default of government debt in several European countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In order to prevent further economic deterioration, certain countries, without prior warning, can institute “capital controls.” Countries may use these controls to restrict volatile movements of capital entering and exiting their country. Such controls may negatively affect a Fund’s investments. A default or debt restructuring by any European country would adversely impact holders of that country's debt and sellers of credit default swaps linked to that country's creditworthiness, which may be located in countries other than those listed above. In addition, the credit ratings of certain European countries were recently downgraded. These downgrades may result in further deterioration of investor confidence. These events have adversely affected the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect the economies of every country in Europe, including countries that do not use the euro and non-EU member countries. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not produce the desired results, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and other entities of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.
Risk of Investing in the Middle East.  Many Middle Eastern countries have little or no democratic tradition, and the political and legal systems in such countries may have an adverse impact on a Fund. Many economies in the Middle East are highly reliant on income from the sale of oil or trade with countries involved in the sale of oil, and their economies are therefore vulnerable to changes in the market for oil and foreign currency values. As global demand for oil fluctuates, many Middle Eastern economies may be significantly impacted.
In addition, many Middle Eastern governments have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In certain cases, a Middle Eastern country’s government may own or control many companies, including some of the largest companies in the country. Accordingly, governmental actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in Middle Eastern countries. This could affect private sector companies and a Fund, as well as the value of securities in a Fund's portfolio.
Certain Middle Eastern markets are in the earliest stages of development. As a result, there may be a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of investors and financial intermediaries. Brokers in Middle Eastern countries typically are fewer in number and less well capitalized than brokers in the United States.
The legal systems in certain Middle Eastern countries also may have an adverse impact on a Fund. For example, the potential liability of a shareholder in a U.S. corporation with respect to acts of the corporation generally is limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment. However, the notion of limited liability is less clear in certain Middle Eastern countries. Each Fund
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therefore may be liable in certain Middle Eastern countries for the acts of a corporation in which it invests for an amount greater than its actual investment in that corporation. Similarly, the rights of investors in Middle Eastern issuers may be more limited than those of shareholders of a U.S. corporation. It may be difficult or impossible to obtain and/or enforce a legal judgment in a Middle Eastern country. Some Middle Eastern countries prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on investments in their capital markets, particularly their equity markets, by foreign entities such as a Fund. For example, certain countries may require governmental approval prior to investment by foreign persons or limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer. They may also limit the investment by foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the issuer available for purchase by nationals.
The manner in which foreign investors may invest in companies in certain Middle Eastern countries, as well as limitations on those investments, may have an adverse impact on the operations of a Fund. For example, in certain of these countries, a Fund may be required to invest initially through a local broker or other entity and then have the shares that were purchased re-registered in the name of a Fund. Re-registration in some instances may not be possible on a timely basis. This may result in a delay during which a Fund may be denied certain of its rights as an investor, including rights as to dividends or to be made aware of certain corporate actions. There also may be instances where a Fund places a purchase order but is subsequently informed, at the time of re-registration, that the permissible allocation of the investment to foreign investors has been filled.
Substantial limitations may exist in certain Middle Eastern countries with respect to a Fund’s ability to repatriate investment income or capital gains. A Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to a Fund of any restrictions on investment.
Certain Middle Eastern countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and, consequently, have been and may continue to be negatively affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These countries also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade. In addition, certain issuers located in Middle Eastern countries in which a Fund invests may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions and/or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations, and/or countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. As a result, an issuer may sustain damage to its reputation if it is identified as an issuer which operates in, or has dealings with, such countries. A Fund, as an investor in such issuers, will be indirectly subject to those risks.
Certain Middle Eastern countries have strained relations with other Middle Eastern countries due to territorial disputes, historical animosities or defense concerns, which may adversely affect the economies of these Middle Eastern countries. Certain Middle Eastern countries experience significant unemployment, as well as widespread underemployment. Recently, many Middle Eastern countries have experienced political, economic and social unrest as protestors have called for widespread reform. These protests may adversely affect the economies of these Middle Eastern countries.
Risk of Investing in North America.  Decreasing imports or exports, changes in trade regulations and/or an economic recession in any one North American country can have a significant economic effect on the entire North American region, and on some or all of the North American countries in which a Fund invests.
The United States is Canada and Mexico's largest trading and investment partner. The Canadian and Mexican economies are significantly affected by developments in the U.S. economy. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) in 1994 among Canada, the United States and Mexico, total merchandise trade between the three countries has increased. To further this relationship, the three NAFTA countries entered into the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America in March 2005, which may further affect Canada's and Mexico's dependency on the U.S. economy. Policy and legislative changes in one country may have a significant effect on North American markets generally, as well as the value of certain securities.
Risk of Investing in the United States.  The Funds have significant exposure to United States issuers. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in trade regulations and/or an economic recession in the United States may have a material adverse effect on the U.S. economy and the securities listed on U.S. exchanges. The financial crisis that began in 2007 caused a significant decline in the value and liquidity of issuers in the United States. Policy and legislative changes in the United States are
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changing many aspects of financial and other regulation and may have a significant effect on the U.S. markets generally, as well as the value of certain securities. In addition, a continued rise in the U.S. public debt level or U.S. austerity measures may adversely affect U.S. economic growth and the securities to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in the Basic Materials Industry Group.  Issuers in the basic materials industry group could be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls and increased competition. Companies in the basic materials industry group may be subject to swift fluctuations in supply and demand. Fluctuations may be caused by events relating to political and economic developments, the environmental impact of basic materials operations, and the success of exploration projects. Production of industrial materials often exceeds demand as a result of over-building or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns. Issuers in the basic materials industry group are at risk for environmental damage and product liability claims and may be adversely affected by depletion of resources, delays in technical progress, labor relations, tax and government regulations related to changes to, among other things, energy and environmental policies.
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group.  The capital goods industry group may be affected by fluctuations in the business cycle and by other factors affecting manufacturing demands. The capital goods industry group depends heavily on corporate spending. The capital goods industry group may perform well during times of economic expansion, and as economic conditions worsen, the demand for capital goods may decrease due to weakening demand, worsening business cash flows, tighter credit controls and deteriorating profitability. During times of economic volatility, corporate spending may fall and adversely affect the capital goods industry group. This industry group may also be affected by changes in interest rates, corporate tax rates and other government policies. Many capital goods are sold internationally and such companies are subject to market conditions in other countries and regions.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector.  Companies engaged in the design, production or distribution of products or services for the consumer discretionary sector (including, without limitation, television and radio broadcasting, manufacturing, publishing, recording and musical instruments, motion pictures, photography, amusement and theme parks, gaming casinos, sporting goods and sports arenas, camping and recreational equipment, toys and games, apparel, travel-related services, automobiles, hotels and motels, and fast food and other restaurants) are subject to the risk that their products or services may become obsolete quickly. The success of these companies can depend heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. During periods of an expanding economy, the consumer discretionary sector may outperform the consumer staples sector, but may underperform when economic conditions worsen. Moreover, the consumer discretionary sector can be significantly affected by several factors, including, without limitation, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange rates, changing consumer preferences, demographics, marketing campaigns, cyclical revenue generation, consumer confidence, commodity price volatility, labor relations, interest rates, import and export controls, intense competition, technological developments and government regulation.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Goods Industry.  The success of the consumer goods industry is tied closely to the performance of the domestic and international economy, interest rates, exchange rates, competition, consumer confidence and consumer disposable income. The consumer goods industry may be strongly affected by trends, marketing campaigns and other factors affecting consumer demand. Governmental regulation affecting the use of various food additives may affect the profitability of certain companies in the consumer goods industry. Moreover, international events may affect food and beverage companies that derive a substantial portion of their net income from foreign countries. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by new laws, regulations and litigation. Many consumer goods may be marketed globally, and consumer goods companies may be affected by the demand and market conditions in other countries and regions. Companies in the consumer goods industry may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability. Changes in demographics and consumer preferences may affect the success of consumer products.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Services Industry.  The success of consumer product manufacturers and retailers (including food and drug retailers, general retailers, media, and travel and leisure) is tied closely to the performance of the domestic and international economy, interest rates, exchange rates, competition and consumer confidence. The consumer services industry depends heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. Companies in the consumer services industry may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability. Changes in demographics and consumer preferences may affect the success of consumer service providers.
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Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector.  Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by changes in the global economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics and consumer preferences, and production spending. Companies in the consumer staples sector may also be affected by changes in global economic, environmental and political events, economic conditions, the depletion of resources, and government regulation. For instance, government regulations may affect the permissibility of using various food additives and production methods of companies that make food products, which could affect company profitability. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by the adoption of proposed legislation and/or by litigation. Companies in the consumer staples sector also may be subject to risks pertaining to the supply of, demand for and prices of raw materials. The prices of raw materials fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, changes in government agricultural support programs, exchange rates, import and export controls, changes in international agricultural and trading policies, and seasonal and weather conditions. Companies in the consumer staples sector may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability.
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector.  Companies in the energy sector are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, energy supply and demand, government regulations and policies, energy production and conservation efforts, technological change, and other factors that a company cannot control. These companies may also lack resources and have limited business lines. The energy sector is cyclical and is highly dependent on commodity prices; prices and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to, among other things, national and international political changes, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the key energy-consuming countries.
Companies in the energy sector may be adversely affected by terrorism, natural disasters or other catastrophes. Companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property, pollution or other environmental damage claims. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. Significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. Additionally, the Middle East, where many companies in the energy sector may operate, has historically and recently seen widespread social unrest.
Companies in the energy sector may also be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, negative perception, efforts at energy conservation and world events in the regions in which the companies operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Because a significant portion of revenues of companies in this sector is derived from a relatively small number of customers that are largely composed of governmental entities and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on the stock prices of companies in this sector. The energy sector is highly regulated. Entities operating in the energy sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation can change rapidly or over time in both scope and intensity. Stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would likely increase compliance costs and may materially adversely affect the financial performance of companies in the energy sector.
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector.  Companies in the financials sector include regional and money center banks, securities brokerage firms, asset management companies, savings banks and thrift institutions, specialty finance companies (e.g., credit card, mortgage providers), insurance and insurance brokerage firms, financial conglomerates and foreign banking and financial companies. The global financial markets have experienced very difficult conditions and volatility as well as significant adverse trends. The conditions in these markets have resulted in a decrease in availability of corporate credit, capital and liquidity and have led indirectly to the insolvency, closure or acquisition of a number of financial institutions. These conditions have also contributed to consolidation within the financial industry. In addition, the global financial industry has been materially and adversely affected by a significant decline in the value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and by the sovereign debt crisis. The prospects of many financial companies are questionable and continue to evolve as financial companies revise their outlooks and write down assets that they hold.
Most financial companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which limits their activities and may affect their ability to earn a profit from a given line of business. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financials sector, including effects not intended by the regulation. Direct governmental intervention in the operations of financial companies and financial markets may materially and adversely affect
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the companies in which a Fund invests, including legislation in many countries that may increase government regulation, repatriation and other intervention. The impact of governmental intervention and legislative changes on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The valuation of financial companies has been and continues to be subject to unprecedented volatility and may be influenced by unpredictable factors, including interest rate risk and sovereign debt default. Certain financial businesses are subject to intense competitive pressures, including market share and price competition. Financial companies in foreign countries are subject to market specific and general regulatory and interest rate concerns. In particular, government regulation in certain foreign countries may include taxes and controls on interest rates, credit availability, minimum capital requirements, ban on short sales, prices and currency transfers.
The profitability of banks, savings and loan associations and financial companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change; for instance, when interest rates go up, the value of securities issued by many types of companies in the financials sector generally goes down. In other words, financial companies may be adversely affected in certain market cycles, including, without limitation, during periods of rising interest rates, which may restrict the availability and increase the cost of capital, and during periods of declining economic conditions, which may cause, among other things, credit losses due to financial difficulties of borrowers.
In addition, general economic conditions are important to the operations of these companies, and financial difficulties of borrowers may have an adverse effect on the profitability of financial companies. Financial companies can be highly dependent upon access to capital markets and any impediments to such access, such as adverse overall economic conditions or a negative perception in the capital markets of a financial company’s financial condition or prospects, could adversely affect its business. Deterioration of credit markets, as experienced in 2008 and 2009, can have an adverse impact on a broad range of financial markets, causing certain financial companies to incur large losses. In these conditions, companies in the financials sector may experience significant declines in the valuation of their assets, take actions to raise capital and even cease operations. Some financial companies may also be required to accept or borrow significant amounts of capital from government sources and may face future government-imposed restrictions on their businesses or increased government intervention. In addition, there is no guarantee that governments will provide any such relief in the future. These actions may cause the securities of many companies in the financials sector to decline in value.
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector.  Companies in the healthcare sector are often issuers whose profitability may be affected by extensive government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising or falling costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure, an increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and other market developments. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection and the actual or perceived safety and efficiency of their products.
Patents have a limited duration and, upon expiration, other companies may market substantially similar “generic” products that are typically sold at a lower price than the patented product, causing the original developer of the product to lose market share and/or reduce the price charged for the product, resulting in lower profits for the original developer. As a result, the expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.
In addition, because the products and services of many companies in the healthcare sector affect the health and well-being of many individuals, these companies are especially susceptible to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the healthcare sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly, resulting in increased development costs, delayed cost recovery and loss of competitive advantage to the extent that rival companies have developed competing products or procedures, adversely affecting the company’s revenues and profitability. In other words, delays in the regulatory approval process may diminish the opportunity for a company to profit from a new product or to bring a new product to market, which could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Healthcare companies may also be strongly affected by scientific biotechnology or technological developments and their products may quickly become obsolete. Also, many healthcare companies offer products and services that are subject to governmental regulation and may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies or laws. Legislation introduced or considered by certain governments on any individual healthcare company or on the healthcare sector as a whole cannot be predicted. These laws and proposals span a wide range of topics, including cost control, national health insurance, incentives for compensation in the provision of healthcare services, tax incentives and penalties related to healthcare insurance premiums, and promotion of prepaid healthcare plans. No one can predict what proposals will be enacted or what potentially adverse effect they may have on healthcare-related or biotechnology-related companies.
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Additionally, the expansion of facilities by healthcare related providers is subject to “determinations of need” by certain government authorities. This process not only increases the time and costs involved in these expansions, but also makes expansion plans uncertain, limiting the revenue and profitability growth potential of healthcare related facilities operators and negatively affecting the prices of their securities. Moreover, in recent years both local and national governmental budgets have come under pressure to reduce spending and control healthcare costs, which could both adversely affect regulatory processes and public funding available for healthcare products, services and facilities.
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector.  The value of securities issued by companies in the industrials sector may be affected by supply and demand both for their specific products or services and for industrials sector products in general. The products of manufacturing companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Government regulations, world events and economic conditions affect the performance of companies in the industrials sector. The industrials sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced by unpredictable factors. For example, commodity price declines and unit volume reductions resulting from an over-supply of materials used in the industrials sector can adversely affect the sector. Furthermore, companies in the industrials sector may be subject to liability for environmental damage, product liability claims, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control.
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector.  Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Like other technology companies, information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the information technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses. These risks are heightened for information technology companies in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector.  Companies in the materials sector may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, technical progress, labor relations and government regulations, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control, among other factors. Also, companies in the materials sector are at risk of liability for environmental damage and product liability claims. Production of materials may exceed demand as a result of market imbalances or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns. These risks are heightened for companies in the materials sector located in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Oil and Gas Industry.  Companies in the oil and gas industry are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, oil and gas supply and demand, government regulations and policies, oil and gas production and conservation efforts and technological change. The oil and gas industry is cyclical and from time to time may experience a shortage of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies or qualified personnel, or due to significant demand such services may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. Prices and supplies of oil and gas may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to national and international political changes, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economies of key energy-consuming countries. Disruptions in the oil sub-industry or shifts in energy consumption may significantly impact companies in this industry. For instance, significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. In addition, the Middle East, where many companies in the oil and gas industry may operate, has recently seen widespread social unrest. Oil and gas companies operate in a highly competitive industry, with intense price competition. A significant portion of their revenues may depend on a relatively small number of customers, including governmental entities and utilities.
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector.  Technology companies are characterized by periodic new product introductions, innovations and evolving industry standards, and, as a result, face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Companies in the technology sector are often smaller and less experienced companies and may be subject to greater risks than larger companies; these risks may be heightened for
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technology companies in foreign markets. Technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, changes in consumer and business purchasing patterns, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. In addition, a rising interest rate environment tends to negatively affect companies in the technology sector because, in such an environment, those companies with high market valuations may appear less attractive to investors, which may cause sharp decreases in the companies’ market prices. Companies in the technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. The technology sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced or characterized by unpredictable factors. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector.  The telecommunications sector of an economy is often subject to extensive government regulation. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failure to receive required regulatory approvals, or the enactment of new regulatory requirements may negatively affect the business of telecommunications companies. Government actions around the world, specifically in the area of pre-marketing clearance of products and prices, can be arbitrary and unpredictable. Companies in the telecommunications sector may experience distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in formulating new products and services using new technology. Technological innovations may make the products and services of certain telecommunications companies obsolete. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the telecommunications sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector.  Investments in utility companies involve special considerations, including the risk of changing commodity prices, government regulation stipulating rates charged by utilities, increased tariffs, changes in tax laws, interest rate fluctuations and changes in the cost of providing specific utility services. The utilities industry is also subject to potential terrorist attacks, natural disasters and severe weather conditions, as well as regulatory and operational burdens associated with the operation and maintenance of nuclear facilities. Government regulators monitor and control utility revenues and costs, and therefore may limit utility profits. In certain countries, regulatory authorities may also restrict a company’s access to new markets, thereby diminishing the company’s long-term prospects.
There are substantial differences among the regulatory practices and policies of various jurisdictions, and any regulatory agency may make major shifts in policy from time to time. There is no assurance that regulatory authorities will, in the future, grant rate increases or that such increases will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on common stocks issued by a utility company. Additionally, existing and possible future regulatory legislation may make it even more difficult for utilities to obtain adequate relief. Certain of the issuers of securities held in a Fund's portfolio may own or operate nuclear generating facilities. Governmental authorities may from time to time review existing policies and impose additional requirements governing the licensing, construction and operation of nuclear power plants. Prolonged changes in climate conditions can also have a significant impact on both the revenues of an electric and gas utility as well as the expenses of a utility, particularly a hydro-based electric utility.
The rates that traditional regulated utility companies may charge their customers generally are subject to review and limitation by governmental regulatory commissions. Rate changes may occur only after a prolonged approval period or may not occur at all, which could adversely affect earnings and dividends when costs are rising. The value of regulated utility debt securities (and, to a lesser extent, equity securities) tends to have an inverse relationship to the movement of interest rates. Certain utility companies have experienced full or partial deregulation in recent years. These utility companies are frequently more similar to industrial companies in that they are subject to greater competition and have been permitted by regulators to diversify outside of their original geographic regions and their traditional lines of business. As a result, some companies may be forced to defend their core business and may be less profitable.
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Proxy Voting Policy
The Trust has adopted proxy voting policies for each Fund that incorporate and amplify the proxy voting guidelines of BFA, the investment adviser to each Fund. The Trust has delegated to BFA the responsibility for voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by each Fund. The remainder of this section discusses each Fund’s proxy voting guidelines and BFA’s role in implementing such guidelines.
BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies for each Fund in a manner that BFA, in the exercise of its independent business judgment, concludes is in the best economic interests of such Fund. In some cases, BFA may determine that it is in the best economic interests of a Fund to refrain from exercising the Fund’s proxy voting rights (such as, for example, proxies on certain non-U.S. securities that might impose costly or time-consuming in-person voting requirements). With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, BFA’s approach is also driven by each Fund's economic interests. The evaluation of the economic desirability of recalling loans involves balancing the revenue-producing value of loans against the likely economic value of casting votes. Based on our evaluation of this relationship, we believe that the likely economic value of casting a vote generally is less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by BFA recalling loaned securities in order to ensure they are voted. Periodically, BFA analyzes the process and benefits of voting proxies for securities on loan, and will consider whether any modification of its proxy voting policies or procedures are necessary in light of any regulatory changes. BFA will normally vote on specific proxy issues in accordance with its proxy voting guidelines. BFA’s proxy voting guidelines provide detailed guidance as to how to vote proxies on certain important or commonly raised issues. BFA may, in the exercise of its business judgment, conclude that the proxy voting guidelines do not cover the specific matter upon which a proxy vote is requested, or that an exception to the proxy voting guidelines would be in the best economic interests of a Fund. BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of such issuer) to a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates, or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates. When voting proxies, BFA attempts to encourage issuers to follow practices that enhance shareholder value and increase transparency and allow the market to place a proper value on their assets. With respect to certain specific issues:
Each Fund generally supports the board’s nominees in the election of directors and generally supports proposals that strengthen the independence of boards of directors;
When a director has committed himself or herself to service on more than four public company boards (but no more than six public company boards in most circumstances), a Fund will consider such director’s individual circumstances in determining whether the director will be able to commit sufficient focus and time to a particular company;
Each Fund generally defers to an issuer’s choice of auditors so long as the corporate auditors represent the interests of shareholders and provide an independent view of the propriety of financial reporting decisions of management;
Each Fund generally favors disclosure of a company’s compensation and benefits policies and opposes excessive compensation, but believes that compensation matters are normally best determined by a company’s board of directors;
Each Fund generally expects to support capital structure requests that it believes enhance the rights of common shareholders and oppose requests that appear to be unreasonably dilutive;
Each Fund generally does not support proposals on social issues that lack a demonstrable economic benefit to the issuer and the Fund investing in such issuer; and
Each Fund generally votes against anti-takeover proposals and proposals that would create additional barriers or costs to corporate transactions that are likely to deliver a premium to shareholders.
BFA maintains institutional policies and procedures that are designed to prevent any relationship between the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of the issuer) and a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates (if any) or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates, from having undue influence on BFA’s proxy voting activity. In certain instances, BFA may determine to engage an independent fiduciary to vote proxies as a further safeguard against potential conflicts of interest or as otherwise required by applicable law. The independent fiduciary may either vote such proxies or provide BFA with instructions as to how to vote such proxies. In the latter case, BFA votes the proxy in accordance with the independent fiduciary’s determination.
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Information with respect to how BFA voted proxies relating to the Funds' portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30 is available: (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or through the Funds' website at www.iShares.com; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio holdings information that requires that such information be disclosed in a manner that: (i) is consistent with applicable legal requirements and in the best interests of each Fund’s respective shareholders; (ii) does not put the interests of BFA, the Distributor or any affiliated person of BFA or the Distributor, above those of Fund shareholders; (iii) does not advantage any current or prospective Fund shareholders over any other current or prospective Fund shareholders, except to the extent that certain Entities (as described below) may receive portfolio holdings information not available to other current or prospective Fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units, as discussed below, and certain information may be provided to personnel of BFA and its affiliates who manage funds that invest a significant percentage of their assets in shares of the Fund for the purpose of facilitating risk management and hedging activities; and (iv) does not provide selective access to portfolio holdings information except pursuant to the procedures outlined below and to the extent appropriate confidentiality arrangements limiting the use of such information are in effect. The “Entities” referred to in sub-section (iii) above are generally limited to National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) members, subscribers to various fee-based subscription services, large institutional investors (known as “Authorized Participants”) that have been authorized by the Distributor to purchase and redeem large blocks of shares pursuant to legal requirements and market makers and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information or transactional services.
Each business day, each Fund's portfolio holdings information is provided to the Distributor or other agent for dissemination through the facilities of the NSCC and/or other fee-based subscription services to NSCC members and/or subscribers to those other fee-based subscription services, including market makers and Authorized Participants, and to entities that publish and/or analyze such information in connection with the process of purchasing or redeeming Creation Units or trading shares of the Funds in the secondary market or evaluating such potential transactions. This information typically reflects each Fund’s anticipated holdings on the following business day.
Daily access to information concerning the Funds' portfolio holdings is permitted (i) to certain personnel of those service providers that are involved in portfolio management and providing administrative, operational, risk management, or other support to portfolio management; and (ii) to other personnel of the Funds' investment adviser(and Sub-Adviser), the Distributor and their affiliates, and the administrator, custodian and fund accountant who deal directly with or assist in, functions related to investment management, distribution, administration, custody, securities lending and fund accounting, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with agreements with the Funds and the terms of the Funds' current registration statements. In addition, each Fund discloses its portfolio holdings and the percentages they represent of the Fund's net assets at least monthly, and as often as each day the Fund is open for business, at www.iShares.com. More information about this disclosure is available at www.iShares.com.
Portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds in the ordinary course of business after it has been disseminated to the NSCC. From time to time, information concerning portfolio holdings other than portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds, including rating or ranking organizations, in the ordinary course of business, no earlier than one business day following the date of the information.
Each Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings schedule in public filings with the SEC within 70 days after the end of each fiscal quarter and will provide that information to shareholders as required by federal securities laws and regulations thereunder. A Fund may, however, voluntarily disclose all or part of its portfolio holdings other than in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, in advance of required filings with the SEC, provided that such information is made generally available to all shareholders and other interested parties in a manner that is consistent with the above policy for disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Such information may be made available through a publicly-available website or other means that make the information available to all likely interested parties contemporaneously.
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The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information pursuant to the above policy and procedures.
The Board reviews the policy and procedures for disclosure of portfolio holdings information at least annually.
Construction and Maintenance Standards for the Underlying Indexes
The iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid High Yield 0-5 Index. The iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid Investment Grade 0-5 Index. The iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. Corporate Aaa - A Capped Index. The iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. Corporate B - Ca Capped Index. The iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. Corporate Baa - Ba Capped Index. The iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) 0-5 Year Index (Series-L). The iShares CMBS ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. CMBS (ERISA Only) Index. The iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. GNMA Bond Index. The iShares TIPS Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) Index (Series-L). The iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. Treasury Bond Index. The iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays US Universal 1-5 Year Index. The iShares Financials Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. Financial Institutions Capped Bond Index. The iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays US Floating Rate Note < 5 Years Index. The iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in The BofA Merrill Lynch Global Diversified Inflation-Linked IndexSM. The iShares Industrials Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. Industrial Bond Index. The iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in The BofA Merrill Lynch Global ex-US Diversified Inflation-Linked IndexSM. The iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the J.P. Morgan EMBISM Global Core Index. The iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the S& P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index Ex-US 1-3 Year. The iShares International Treasury Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index Ex-US. The iShares Utilities Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. Utility Bond Index.
Brief descriptions of the Funds’ respective Underlying Indexes are provided below.
The BofA Merrill Lynch Indexes
The BofA Merrill Lynch Global Diversified Inflation-Linked IndexSM
Number of Components: approximately 209
Index Description. The BofA Merrill Lynch Global Diversified Inflation-Linked IndexSM is designed to measure the performance of inflation-linked sovereign debt that is publicly-issued and denominated in the issuer’s own domestic market and currency.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index is a broad, market value weighted, capped total return index. The Underlying Index is rebalanced monthly on the last calendar day of the month. Market value is equal to the security’s outstanding face value multiplied by its price plus accrued interest. Accrued interest is calculated assuming next calendar day settlement. Cash flows from bond payments received during the month are retained in the index until the end of the month; however, cash is not reinvested while it is held in the Underlying Index.
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Country and Component Selection Criteria. To be considered for inclusion in the index, a country (a) must have at least $2 billion outstanding face value in index qualifying debt at initial inclusion and must maintain at least $1 billion outstanding face value of index-qualifying debt; (b) must not have defaulted on any of its sovereign debt (including non-inflation-linked debt and debt that is not payable in the issuer’s local currency) within ten years of the Underlying Index’s annual review date; and (c) must not be included on the U.S. Department of State’s list of state sponsors of terrorism as of the annual review date. Euro member countries are considered collectively with respect to the country size requirement but individually with respect to the default requirement and the U.S. Department of State’s list of state sponsors of terrorism requirement.
In making index inclusion determinations, the index provider will also consider the following factors relating to countries’ inflation-linked debt markets: (a) presence of a sufficiently active market in the country’s inflation-linked securities; (b) availability of a transparent pricing source for the country’s inflation-linked securities; (c) openness of the local debt market to foreign investors; (d) currency conditions or restrictions; (e) stability of the country’s political environment; (f) tax considerations; and (g) capital controls.
In order to be considered for initial inclusion in the Underlying Index, a security must (a) have coupon and principal payments that are tied to an inflation index and that are payable in the issuer’s local currency; (b) have a fixed coupon rate; (c) have at least a one year remaining term to final maturity as of the annual review date; and (d) meet the minimum bond size requirement for the country established by the index provider’s research group.
The list of countries included in the Underlying Index as of September 30, 2013, and their respective minimum bond size filters (in local currency terms), are: Australia (1bn – Australian Dollar), Brazil (1bn – Brazilian Real), Canada (1bn – Canadian Dollar), Chile (10mn – Chilean Peso), Colombia (4bn – COP), France (1bn – Euro), Germany (1bn – Euro), Israel (1bn – Israeli New Shekel), Italy (1bn – Euro), Japan (200bn – Japanese Yen), Mexico (2bn – Mexican Nuevo Peso), New Zealand (1bn – NZD), Poland (2bn – Polish Zloty), South Africa (1bn – South African Rand), South Korea (1tn – South Korean Won), Sweden (5bn – Swedish Krona), Thailand (10bn – THB), Turkey (2bn – Turkish Lira), the United Kingdom (500mn – Pound Sterling) and the United States (1bn – United States Dollar).
Index Maintenance. The Underlying Index is rebalanced on the last calendar day of each month, based on information available up to and including the third business day before the last business day of the month. Issues that meet the qualifying criteria are included in the Underlying Index for the following month. Issues that no longer meet the criteria during the course of the month remain in the Underlying Index until the next month-end rebalancing, at which point they are dropped from the Underlying Index, along with all bond payments received during the month. The list of countries included in the Underlying Index is reviewed annually using data collected as of the third business day before the last business day of December and changes, if any, take place on the following March 31. Conversion of local currency outstanding face value into USD terms is based on the average of exchange rates used to value the BofA Merrill Lynch Global Bond Indices for the last business day of the month for the 12 months up to and including the month in which the annual review date falls. If a country that had been included in the Underlying Index is later removed as a result of an annual review due to failure to meet the $1 billion minimum size threshold, then it must subsequently meet the $2 billion minimum size threshold in order to re-enter the Underlying Index.
Diversification Criteria. With the exception of the U.S. Treasury, no issuer can comprise greater than a 22.5% share of the Underlying Index. In addition, no more than 48% of the Underlying Index can be comprised of issuers other than the U.S. Treasury that individually hold a 5% or greater share of the Underlying Index. Finally, all issuers that hold less than a 5% share of the Underlying Index are capped at 4.55%. These caps are imposed at each month-end rebalancing date. Adjustments to a given country’s weight are applied proportionately to all of its constituent securities. Between rebalancing dates, issuer weights are allowed to float above the caps.
The BofA Merrill Lynch Global ex-US Diversified Inflation-Linked IndexSM
Number of Components: approximately 174
Index Description. The BofA Merrill Lynch Global ex-US Diversified Inflation-Linked IndexSM is designed to measure the performance of inflation-linked sovereign debt that is publicly-issued and denominated in the issuer’s own domestic market and currency.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index is a broad, market value weighted, capped total return index. The Underlying Index is rebalanced monthly on the last calendar day of the month. Market value is equal to the security’s outstanding face value multiplied by its price plus accrued interest. Accrued interest is calculated assuming next calendar day settlement. Cash
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flows from bond payments received during the month are retained in the index until the end of the month; however, cash is not reinvested while it is held in the Underlying Index.
Country and Component Selection Criteria. To be considered for inclusion in the index, a country (a) must have at least $2 billion outstanding face value in index qualifying debt at initial inclusion and must maintain at least $1 billion outstanding face value of index-qualifying debt; (b) must not have defaulted on any of its sovereign debt (including non-inflation-linked debt and debt that is not payable in the issuer’s local currency) within ten years of the Underlying Index’s annual review date; and (c) must not be included on the U.S. Department of State’s list of state sponsors of terrorism as of the annual review date. Euro member countries are considered collectively with respect to the country size requirement but individually with respect to the default requirement and the U.S. Department of State’s list of state sponsors of terrorism requirement.
In making index inclusion determinations, the index provider will also consider the following factors relating to countries’ inflation-linked debt markets: (a) presence of a sufficiently active market in the country’s inflation-linked securities; (b) availability of a transparent pricing source for the country’s inflation-linked securities; (c) openness of the local debt market to foreign investors; (d) currency conditions or restrictions; (e) stability of the country’s political environment; (f) tax considerations; and (g) capital controls.
In order to be considered for initial inclusion in the Underlying Index, a security must (a) have coupon and principal payments that are tied to an inflation index and that are payable in the issuer’s local currency; (b) have a fixed coupon rate; (c) have at least a one year remaining term to final maturity as of the annual review date; and (d) meet the minimum bond size requirement for the country established by the index provider’s research group.
The list of countries included in the Underlying Index as of September 30, 2013, and their respective minimum bond size filters (in local currency terms), are: Australia (1bn – Australian Dollar), Brazil (1bn – Brazilian Real), Canada (1bn – Canadian Dollar), Chile (10mn – Chilean Peso), Colombia (4bn – COP), France (1bn – Euro), Germany (1bn – Euro), Israel (1bn – Israeli New Shekel), Italy (1bn – Euro), Japan (200bn – Japanese Yen), Mexico (2bn – Mexican Nuevo Peso), New Zealand (1bn – NZD), Poland (2bn – Polish Zloty), South Africa (1bn – South African Rand), South Korea (1tn – South Korean Won), Sweden (5bn – Swedish Krona), Thailand (10bn – THB), Turkey (2bn – Turkish Lira) and the United Kingdom (500mn – Pound Sterling).
Index Maintenance. The Underlying Index is rebalanced on the last calendar day of each month, based on information available up to and including the third business day before the last business day of the month. Issues that meet the qualifying criteria are included in the Underlying Index for the following month. Issues that no longer meet the criteria during the course of the month remain in the Underlying Index until the next month-end rebalancing, at which point they are dropped from the Underlying Index, along with all bond payments received during the month. The list of countries included in the Underlying Index is reviewed annually using data collected as of the third business day before the last business day of December and changes, if any, take place on the following March 31. Conversion of local currency outstanding face value into USD terms is based on the average of exchange rates used to value the BofA Merrill Lynch Global Bond Indices for the last business day of the month for the 12 months up to and including the month in which the annual review date falls. If a country that had been included in the Underlying Index is later removed as a result of an annual review due to failure to meet the $1 billion minimum size threshold, then it must subsequently meet the $2 billion minimum size threshold in order to re-enter the Underlying Index.
Diversification Criteria. No issuer can comprise greater than a 22.5% share of the Underlying Index. In addition, no more than 48% of the Underlying Index can be comprised of issuers that individually hold a 5% or greater share of the Underlying Index. Finally, all issuers that hold less than a 5% share of the Underlying Index are capped at 4.55%. These caps are imposed at each month-end rebalancing date. Adjustments to a given country’s weight are applied proportionately to all of its constituent securities. Between rebalancing dates, issuer weights are allowed to float above the caps.
The Barclays Indexes
The Barclays Indexes are maintained by Barclays Capital Inc., which is affiliated with, but a separate legal entity from, BFA. BFA will have no role in maintaining the Underlying Indexes.
Barclays U.S. CMBS (ERISA Only) Index
Number of Components: approximately 970
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Index Description. The Barclays U.S. CMBS (ERISA Only) Index measures the performance of investment-grade commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), which are classes of securities (known as “certificates”) that represent interests in “pools” of commercial mortgages. The Underlying Index includes only CMBS that are Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) eligible under the underwriter’s exemption, which will deem ERISA eligible the certificates with the first priority of principal repayment, as long as certain conditions are met, including the requirement that the certificates be rated in one of the three highest rating categories by Fitch, Moody's or Standard & Poor's Ratings Services.
The Underlying Index includes investment-grade CMBS that are ERISA eligible with $300 million or more of aggregate outstanding transaction size. In addition, the original aggregate transaction must be $500 million or more and the tranche size must be $25 million or more. CMBS certificates must have an expected life of at least one year and must be either fixed-rate or subject to an interest rate cap equal to the weighted average coupon of the underlying asset pool. Excluded from the Underlying Index are non-ERISA eligible securities, agency transactions and privately issued securities, including those which may be resold in accordance with Rule 144A of the 1933 Act. The securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last calendar day of each month.
Barclays U.S. Corporate Aaa - A Capped Index
Number of Components: approximately 365
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Corporate Aaa - A Capped Index is a subset of the Barclays U.S. Corporate Index that measures the performance of the Aaa – A rated range of the fixed-rate, U.S. dollar-denominated, taxable, corporate bond market. The Underlying Index is market capitalization-weighted with a 3% cap on any one issuer and a pro rata distribution of any excess weight across the remaining issuers in the Underlying Index.
The Underlying Index includes U.S. dollar-denominated securities publicly-issued by U.S. and non-U.S. industrial, utility and financial corporate issuers, with maturities of one year or more, that have $500 million or more of outstanding face value. Each corporate bond must be registered with the SEC, have been exempt from registration at issuance, or have been offered pursuant to Rule 144A with registration rights. In addition, only securities rated A3 by Moody’s or higher (or the equivalent on another rating agency’s scale) will be included in the Underlying Index. When ratings from each of Fitch, Moody’s and Standard & Poor's Ratings Services are available, the median rating is used to determine eligibility. When ratings from only two of these agencies are available, that lower rating is used to determine eligibility. When a rating from only one of these agencies is available, that rating is used to determine eligibility. The securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last calendar day of each month.
Barclays U.S. Corporate B - Ca Capped Index
Number of Components: approximately 506
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Corporate B - Ca Capped Index, a subset of the Barclays U.S. Corporate High Yield Index, measures the performance of the taxable B1 – Ca rated range of the fixed-rate U.S. dollar-denominated corporate bond market. The Underlying Index is market capitalization-weighted and caps individual issuers at 3% of the Underlying Index’s total market value.
The universe of securities that are eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index includes U.S. dollar-denominated taxable fixed-rate securities with maturities of one year or more and $500 million or more of outstanding face value issued by U.S. and non-U.S. domiciled financial, industrial and utility corporations. In addition, only securities rated between B1 and Ca by Moody’s (or the equivalent on another rating agency’s scale) using the middle rating of Fitch, Moody’s or Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, after dropping the highest and lowest available ratings, will be included in the Underlying Index. When ratings from only two of these agencies are available, the lower rating is used to determine eligibility. When a rating from only one of these agencies is available, that rating is used to determine eligibility. The entire Underlying Index is comprised of bonds rated between B1 and Ca by Moody’s (or the equivalent on another rating agency’s scale), which are the lowest ratings available outside of bonds in default, placing those securities on the low end of the credit worthiness scale. The Underlying Index is rebalanced on the last business day of each month.
Securities eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index must be registered with the SEC, have been exempt from registration at the time of issuance, or have been offered pursuant to Rule 144A with or without registration rights. Securities with both Regulation S and Rule 144A offering tranches are treated as one security in par value with the Rule 144A tranche used to
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represent the issue, comprising the combined outstanding amount of the tranches. Bonds of issuers that were de-registered after the offering of such securities remain eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index if such securities were previously registered with the SEC or offered pursuant to Rule 144A with registration rights.
Senior and subordinated issues are included in the Underlying Index. Securities with coupons that convert from fixed to floating rate must have at least one year remaining prior to the date of such conversion to be included in the Underlying Index. Step-up coupons and securities with coupon rates that change according to a predetermined schedule are also included in the Underlying Index.
Barclays U.S. Corporate Baa - Ba Capped Index
Number of Components: approximately 1,574
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Corporate Baa - Ba Capped Index, a subset of the Barclays U.S. Corporate Index and Barclays U.S. Corporate High Yield Index, measures the performance of the taxable Baa1 – Ba3 rated fixed-rate U.S. dollar-denominated corporate bond market. The Underlying Index is market capitalization-weighted and caps individual issuers at 3% of the Underlying Index’s total market value.
The universe of securities that are eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index includes U.S. dollar-denominated taxable fixed-rate securities with maturities of one year or more and $500 million or more of outstanding face value issued by U.S. and non-U.S. domiciled financial, industrial and utility corporations. In addition, only securities rated between Baa1 and Ba3 by Moody’s (or the equivalent on another rating agency’s scale) by Fitch, Moody’s or Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, after dropping the highest and lowest available ratings, will be included in the Underlying Index. When ratings from only two of these agencies are available, the lower rating is used to determine eligibility. When a rating from only one of these agencies is available, that rating is used to determine eligibility. A portion of the Underlying Index is comprised of bonds which are rated below investment grade, and therefore are considered to be of lesser credit worthiness than bonds which possess higher ratings. The Underlying Index is rebalanced on the last business day of each month.
Securities eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index must be registered with the SEC, have been exempt from registration at the time of issuance, or have been offered pursuant to Rule 144A with or, in the case of bonds rated below Baa3 by Moody’s (or the equivalent on another rating agency’s scale), without registration rights. Securities with both Regulation S and Rule 144A offering tranches are treated as one security in par value with the Rule 144A tranche used to represent the issue, comprising the combined outstanding amount of the tranches. Bonds of issuers that were de-registered after the offering of such securities remain eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index if such securities were previously registered with the SEC or offered pursuant to Rule 144A with registration rights.
Senior and subordinated issues are included in the Underlying Index. Securities with coupons that convert from fixed to floating rate must have at least one year remaining prior to the date of such conversion to be included in the Underlying Index. Step-up coupons and securities with coupon rates that change according to a predetermined schedule are also included in the Underlying Index.
Barclays U.S. Financial Institutions Capped Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 1,209
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Financial Institutions Capped Bond Index measures the performance of U.S. dollar denominated publicly-issued investment-grade corporate bonds in the financial sector. The Underlying Index is market capitalization-weighted with a 5% cap on any one issuer and a pro rata distribution of any excess weight across the remaining issuers in the Underlying Index.
The Underlying Index includes investment-grade corporate bonds, publicly-issued by U.S. and non-U.S. issuers in the U.S. bond market with maturities of one year or more and with $250 million or more of outstanding face value. Each corporate bond must be registered with the SEC, have been exempt from registration at issuance, or have been offered pursuant to Rule 144A with registration rights. In addition, securities in the Underlying Index must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. The securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last calendar day of each month.
Barclays US Floating Rate Note < 5 Years Index
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Number of Components: approximately 361
Index Description. The Barclays US Floating Rate Note < 5 Years Index measures the performance of U.S. dollar denominated, investment grade floating rate notes. Securities in the Underlying Index have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to one month and less than five years, and have $300 million or more of outstanding face value.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index consists of debt instruments that pay a variable coupon rate, a majority of which are based on the 3-month London Interbank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”), with a fixed spread. The Underlying Index is market capitalization-weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last calendar day of each month. Excluded from the Underlying Index are fixed-rate bullet bonds, fixed-rate puttable and fixed-rate callable bonds, fixed-rate and fixed-to-floating capital securities, bonds with equity-linked features (e.g., warrants and convertibles), inflation-linked bonds and securitized bonds.
Barclays U.S. GNMA Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 141
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. GNMA Bond Index is a market capitalization-weighted index that measures the performance of mortgage-backed pass-through securities issued by GNMA.
The Underlying Index includes fixed-rate mortgage pass-through securities issued by GNMA that have 30- or 15-year maturities. All securities in the Underlying Index must have a weighted average maturity of at least one year and have $250 million or more of outstanding face value. The securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last calendar day of each month.
Barclays U.S. Industrial Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 2,627
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Industrial Bond Index measures the performance of U.S. dollar denominated, publicly-issued investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds in the industrial sector.
The Underlying Index includes investment-grade corporate bonds publicly-issued by U.S. and non-U.S. issuers in the U.S. bond market with maturities of one year or more and with $250 million or more of outstanding face value. Each corporate bond must be registered with the SEC, have been exempt from registration at issuance, or have been offered pursuant to Rule 144A with registration rights. In addition, securities in the Underlying Index must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. The Underlying Index is market capitalization-weighted. The securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last calendar day of each month.
Barclays U.S. Treasury Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 236
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Treasury Bond Index is a market capitalization-weighted index that measures the performance of public obligations of the U.S. Treasury that have a remaining maturity of one year or more.
The Underlying Index includes publicly-issued U.S. Treasury securities that have a remaining maturity of one year or more and have $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities in the Underlying Index must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are certain special issues, such as flower bonds, targeted investor notes, state and local government series bonds and coupon issues that have been stripped from bonds. The securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last calendar day of each month.
Barclays U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) 0-5 Years Index (Series-L)
Number of Components: approximately 15
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Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) 0-5 Years Index (Series-L) measures the performance of the inflation-protected public obligations of the U.S. Treasury, commonly known as “TIPS.” TIPS are securities issued by the U.S. Treasury that are designed to provide inflation protection to investors.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes all publicly-issued U.S. Treasury inflation-protected securities that have less than five years remaining to maturity, are rated investment grade and have $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and have a notional coupon that is fixed-rate or zero. The Underlying Index is market capitalization-weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last calendar day of each month.
Barclays U.S. Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) Index (Series-L)
Number of Components: approximately 34
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) Index (Series-L) measures the performance of the inflation-protected public obligations of the U.S. Treasury, commonly known as “TIPS.” TIPS are securities issued by the U.S. Treasury that are designed to provide inflation protection to investors.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes all publicly-issued, U.S. Treasury inflation-protected securities that have at least one year remaining to maturity, are rated investment grade (must be Baa3/BBB- or higher using the middle rating of Moody’s, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, and Fitch), and have $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. The Underlying Index is market capitalization-weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last calendar day of each month.
Barclays US Universal 1-5 Year Index
Number of Components: approximately 6,028
Index Description. The Barclays US Universal 1-5 Year Index measures the performance of U.S. dollar-denominated taxable bonds that are rated either investment-grade or high yield with remaining maturities between one and five years.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes U.S. Treasury bonds, government-related bonds (i.e., U.S. and non-U.S. agencies, sovereign, quasi-sovereign, supranational and local authority debt), investment-grade and high yield U.S. corporate bonds, mortgage-backed pass-through securities (“MBS”), CMBS, ABS, Eurodollar bonds, bonds registered with the SEC or exempt from registration at the time of issuance, or offered pursuant to Rule 144A with or without registration rights (“Rule 144A Bonds”) and U.S. dollar-denominated emerging market bonds. The Underlying Index is a subset of the Barclays U.S. Universal Index. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and nonconvertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are tax–exempt municipal securities, coupon issues that have been stripped from bonds, structured notes, private placements (excluding Rule 144A Bonds) and bonds denominated in euros. The Underlying Index is market-capitalization weighted and is rebalanced on the last day of the month.
Barclays U.S. Utility Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 851
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Utility Bond Index measures the performance of U.S. dollar-denominated publicly-issued investment-grade corporate bonds in the utilities sector.
The Underlying Index includes investment-grade corporate bonds publicly-issued by U.S. and non-U.S. issuers in the U.S. bond market with maturities of one year or more and with $250 million or more of outstanding face value. Each corporate bond must be registered with the SEC, have been exempt from registration at issuance, or have been offered pursuant to Rule 144A with registration rights. In addition, securities in the Underlying Index must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. The Underlying Index is market capitalization-weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last calendar day of each month.
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The J.P. Morgan Index
J.P. Morgan EMBISM Global Core Index
Number of Components: approximately 230
Index Description. The J.P. Morgan EMBISM Global Core Index is a broad, diverse, market capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the performance of U.S. dollar-denominated Brady bonds, Eurobonds, traded loans, and securities issued by sovereign and quasi-sovereign entities of emerging market countries. The methodology is designed to distribute the weights of each country within the Underlying Index by limiting the weights of countries with higher debt outstanding and reallocating this excess to countries with lower debt outstanding.
Index Methodology. To be considered an emerging market, a country’s GNI per capita must be below the J.P. Morgan Index Income Ceiling (“IIC”) for three consecutive years to be eligible for inclusion. The IIC is defined as the GNI per capital level that is adjusted every year by the growth rate of the World GNI per capita, Atlas method (current U.S. dollars), provided by the World Bank annually. Once the universe of emerging markets countries has been defined, the eligible securities from these countries must be selected for inclusion in the Underlying Index.
Component Selection Criteria. Securities that satisfy all the following defined criteria will be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index: (i) can be fixed or floating-rate (ii) must be issued by sovereign and quasi-sovereign entities from index-eligible countries as noted above (iii) must be denominated in U.S. dollars; (iv) must have a current face amount outstanding of $1 billion or more; (v) must have at least 2 years until maturity; (vi) must be able to settle internationally through Euroclear or another institution domiciled outside the issuing country; and (vii) must be a security whose bid and offer prices are available on a daily and timely basis — either from an inter-dealer broker or J.P. Morgan Securities LLC. Convertible bonds, securities issued by municipalities or provinces, and local law securities are all excluded from the Underlying Index.
Index Maintenance. The Underlying Index is a broad, diverse market capitalization-weighted index. The Underlying Index is priced at 3:00 p.m., Eastern Time every business day of the year as defined by the U.S. bond market calendar. Underlying Index securities are priced using bid pricing each day. For securities where there is not a valid price available at 3:00 p.m. Eastern Time, the last available valid price is obtained from the market. As a last resort, if there are no valid market prices for an instrument, J.P. Morgan traders are asked to provide a market bid and ask. For those securities where pricing is not available on a regular basis, the composition methodology ensures that such securities will be excluded from the Underlying Index.
The weight of each security in the Underlying Index is determined by first starting with the face amount outstanding of all eligible securities and aggregating such securities by country. The highest weighted countries are then constrained by capping the total weight within those countries. The result establishes new country weights which are then used to calculate the new eligible face amounts per security within those countries. To calculate the final weights of each security in the Underlying Index, the current day’s price is multiplied by each security’s adjusted face amount. The market capitalization for each security is then divided by the total market capitalization for all securities in the Underlying Index. The result represents the weight of the security expressed as a percentage of the Underlying Index.
The Underlying Index is generally rebalanced on a monthly basis. A new security that meets the Underlying Index admission requirements is added to the Underlying Index on the first month-end business date after its issuance, provided its issue date falls before the 15th of the month. A new security whose settlement date falls on or after the 15th of the month is added to the Underlying Index on the last business day of the next month. There are two exceptions to this rule. The first exception applies to new securities that are released as part of a debt exchange program. For example, if a country exchanges a portion of its outstanding debt for a new issue after the 15th of the month, at the month-end rebalancing date immediately following this event the amount of debt retired in this exchange would be removed from the Underlying Index. The new security would then be added to the Underlying Index. The second exception concerns Regulation S securities. A security that is issued solely in reliance on Regulation S of the 1933 Act and not pursuant to Rule 144A will be ineligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index until the expiration of the relevant Regulation S restricted period. The date at which the restriction is lifted will effectively be the new “issue” date, at which point the 15th of the month rule will apply. In extreme cases, an intra-month rebalancing can occur when: (i) more than $6 billion of the face amount of Underlying Index eligible bonds are exchanged; (ii) more than 2/3 of the face amount of any one of the most liquid Underlying Index bonds are exchanged. If an announcement is made for a bond to be called, it is removed from the Underlying Index on the month-end prior to its call
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date on the basis of having less than 24 months remaining until maturity. However, if an announcement is not made in time for the bond to be removed from the Underlying Index on the prior month-end, it will be removed the first month-end following the announcement, unless the amount to be called triggers an intra-month rebalancing.
The Markit iBoxx Indexes
Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid High Yield 0-5 Index
Number of Components: approximately 374
Index Description. The Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid High Yield 0-5 Index is designed to reflect the performance of U.S. dollar-denominated high yield corporate debt. The Underlying Index offers exposure to liquid high yield corporate bonds maturing between zero and five years and is rebalanced on a monthly basis. Only bonds with $350 million minimum face value per bond are included in the Underlying Index, provided they are trading at a minimum price in accordance with Markit Indices Limited’s (“Markit”) liquidity screens. The Underlying Index uses a market-value weighted methodology with a cap on each issuer of 3%.
Index Methodology. Bonds in the Underlying Index are selected from the universe of eligible bonds using defined rules. The bonds eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index include U.S. dollar-denominated corporate bonds that: (i) are issued by companies domiciled in the countries classified as developed markets by the index provider; (ii) are rated below investment-grade by Fitch, Moody’s or Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services; (iii) are bond issues with at least $350 million of outstanding face value; and (iv) have between zero to five years until maturity.
Component Selection Criteria. Eligible bonds are chosen by applying the eligibility rules listed above. The Underlying Index is a modified market-value weighted index with a cap on each issuer at 3%. There is no maximum number of bond issues per issuer eligible, but to avoid an over concentration in any single-issuer, the methodology caps single-issuer exposure to no more than 3% of the index weight, calculated on the last business day of each month. The Underlying Index is updated monthly on the last business day of each month.
The composition of the Underlying Index is held constant for any given calendar month to ensure continuity during the month and to avoid jumps unrelated to the price movements of the bonds. The inclusion and exclusion criteria above are applied at month-end, after the close of business. Bonds that were in the Underlying Index, but that no longer satisfy all the criteria at month-end, will be removed from the Underlying Index. If a bond becomes eligible in the middle of the month, it will still need to satisfy the criteria at the end of the month, and can be included only upon rebalancing at month-end. When a bond is called, it remains in the Underlying Index at its call price until the end of the month, after which it is removed. Changes in issue size that take place during the month are taken into consideration only at the next rebalancing date.
Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid Investment Grade 0-5 Index
Number of Components: approximately 1,241
Index Description. The Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid Investment Grade 0-5 Index is designed to reflect the performance of U.S. dollar-denominated investment grade corporate debt. The Underlying Index offers exposure to liquid corporate bonds maturing between zero and five years and is rebalanced on a monthly basis. Only bonds from large issuers with at least $1 billion in aggregate outstanding issuance and $500 million face value per bond are included in the Underlying Index. The Underlying Index uses a market-value weighted methodology with a cap on each issuer of 3%.
Index Methodology. Bonds in the Underlying Index are selected from the universe of eligible bonds using defined rules. Currently, the bonds eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index include U.S. dollar-denominated corporate bonds that: (i) are issued by companies domiciled in the countries classified as developed markets by the index provider; (ii) are rated investment-grade by Fitch, Moody’s, or Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services; (iii) are from issuers with at least $1 billion outstanding face value; (iv) have at least $500 million of outstanding face value; and (v) have between zero to five years until maturity.
Component Selection Criteria. Eligible bonds are chosen by applying the eligibility rules listed above. The Underlying Index is a modified market-value weighted index with a cap on each issuer at 3%. There is no maximum number of bond issues per issuer eligible, but to avoid an over-concentration in any single-issuer, the methodology caps single-issuer exposure to no
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more than 3% of the index weight, calculated on the last business day of each month. The Underlying Index is updated monthly on the last business day of each month.
The composition of the Underlying Index is held constant for any given calendar month to ensure continuity during the month and to avoid jumps unrelated to the price movements of the bonds. The inclusion and exclusion criteria above are applied at month-end, after the close of business. Bonds that were in the Underlying Index, but that no longer satisfy all the criteria at month-end, will be removed from the Underlying Index. If a bond becomes eligible in the middle of the month, it will still need to satisfy the criteria at the end of the month, and can be included only upon rebalancing at month-end. When a bond is called, it remains in the Underlying Index at its call price until the end of the month, after which it is removed. Changes in issue size that take place during the month are taken into consideration only at the next rebalancing date.
The methodologies of the iBoxx® indexes are owned by Markit Indices Limited and may be covered by one or more patents or pending patent applications.
The S&P/Citigroup Indexes
Index Maintenance. Each Index is calculated every weekday of the year except Christmas and New Year’s Day. Each Underlying Index uses pricing from the Citigroup Fixed Income Index database, under which the following guidelines currently apply. For all markets other than Japan, index securities are priced using bid pricing available from Citigroup at the close of the local market on the last business day of each month. For Japan, index securities are priced using mid prices, the price between the closing bid and ask prices. The following local market times are used for pricing: Australia (4:30 p.m. Sydney), New Zealand (4:30 p.m. Wellington), Japan (3:00 p.m. Tokyo), Singapore (4:30 p.m. Singapore), Canada (3:00 p.m. New York), United Kingdom (4:15 p.m. London), EMU Bloc (4:15 p.m. London), Scandinavia (4:15 p.m. London), Switzerland (5:00 p.m. Zurich). For intra-month daily pricing calculations only, Citigroup trader bid prices may be supplemented by (a) matrix pricing calculated by Citigroup internally, or (b) outside pricing sources. Each Underlying Index is denominated in U.S. dollars. Local currency prices are converted into U.S. dollars each day using closing spot rates published by WM/Reuters at 4:00 p.m. London time.
Each Underlying Index is reviewed annually at March month-end using January month-end figures, with country composition as well as addition and deletion thresholds set. Each underlying index is then rebalanced on a monthly basis, with the weighting of each country in the Underlying Index being set by taking the total market value of each country and dividing by the total market value of all countries included in the Underlying Index. Weightings are then adjusted to ensure that no single country has a weight greater than 23.00%, the sum of countries with weightings greater than 5.00% is less than or equal to 48.00% and all other issuers are capped at 4.70%. Additional adjustments may be made to minimize deviations from initial market value across countries. The weighting of each eligible bond within a given country is calculated as the market value of that bond divided by the total market value of all eligible bonds within that country. The weighting of each eligible bond in the Underlying Index is therefore the weighting of that bond within its country multiplied by the weighting of that country within the Underlying Index.
Each Underlying Index includes all bonds included in the corresponding Citigroup country indexes. Citigroup reviews bonds for eligibility each month based on the eligibility criteria listed above, using information that is publicly-available on or before the monthly review date. Eligible new issuances are added to the Underlying Index and any current Underlying Index constituents which no longer meet all of the eligibility requirements above are removed at the monthly rebalancing. The date of each monthly review will be no less than four business days prior to the month-end rebalancing date (with calendar adjustments for holidays in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany and Australia). Changes to the Underlying Index that are to be implemented during the month-end rebalancing are announced on the business day following the monthly review. The portfolio announced at monthly review may be subject to revisions prior to the month-end rebalancing due to data corrections or issues being called, tendered or defaulted, which are then removed. For more information please refer to the Citigroup Global Fixed Income Index Catalog.
S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index Ex-US 1-3 Year
Number of Components: approximately 143
Index Description. The S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index Ex-US 1-3 Year is a broad, market value weighted index designed to measure the performance of treasury bonds issued in local currencies by developed market countries outside the U.S., as classified by the Bank of International Settlements (“BIS”). The Underlying Index is a sub-index of the
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S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index. The weight of each country in the Underlying Index is based on the total market value of the country's outstanding debt. The Underlying Index methodology is designed to limit the weights of the countries with the highest amount of debt outstanding.
Index Methodology. In order or a bond to be considered for inclusion in the Underlying Index, it must be issued in its local currency by a country that is outside of the U.S. that is considered a developed market and that represents a certain minimum weight of the eligible universe. For a country to be considered a developed market, it must be classified as a “Developed Country” by BIS in its international debt securities statistics. For a country to be included in the Underlying Index at inception, that country’s outstanding bond issuance must have a market value greater than or equal to 25 basis points of the total eligible universe of developed markets. The Underlying Index is reviewed annually, and a country may only be added at that time if it has a market value outstanding greater than or equal to 50 basis points of the total eligible universe. Any country currently in the Underlying Index is removed at any subsequent annual review in which it has a market weight of less than 10 basis points of the total eligible universe. Country composition as well as addition and deletion thresholds are reviewed by S&P on an annual basis.
Component Selection Criteria. In order to be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index, a security must (i) be issued by the government of an eligible country as noted above, (ii) be issued in the currency of the country of domicile, (iii) have a maturity of greater than one year and less than or equal to three years, (iv) be included and priced in the Citigroup Global Fixed Income index database and (v) have a current minimum face amount outstanding based on the following minimums by country: Australia (750 mn – Australian Dollar), Austria (2.5 bn – Euro), Belgium (2.5 bn – Euro), Canada (2.5 bn – Canadian Dollar), Denmark (20 bn – Danish Krone), Finland (2.5 bn – Euro), France (2.5 bn – Euro), Germany (2.5 bn – Euro), Greece (2.5 bn – Euro), Ireland (2.5 bn – Euro), Italy (2.5 bn – Euro), Japan (500 bn – Japanese Yen ), the Netherlands (2.5 bn – Euro), New Zealand (750 mn – New Zealand Dollar), Norway (20 bn – Norwegian Krone), Portugal (2.5 bn – Euro), Singapore (1.5 bn – Singapore Dollar), Spain (2.5 bn – Euro), Sweden (25 bn – Swedish Krona), Switzerland (4 bn – Swiss Franc) and United Kingdom (2 bn – Pound Sterling).
S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index Ex-US
Number of Components: approximately 645
Index Description. The S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index Ex-US is a broad, diverse, market value-weighted index designed to measure the performance of treasury bonds issued in local currencies by developed market countries outside the U.S., as classified by the BIS. The weight of each country in the Underlying Index is based on the total market value of the country's outstanding debt. The Underlying Index methodology is designed to limit the weights of the countries with the highest amount of debt outstanding.
Index Methodology. In order for a bond to be considered for inclusion in the Underlying Index, it must be issued in its local currency by a country that is outside of the U.S. that is considered a developed market and that represents a certain minimum weight of the eligible universe. For a country to be considered a developed market, it must be classified as a “Developed Country” by BIS in its international debt securities statistics. For a country to be included in the Underlying Index at inception, that country’s outstanding bond issuance must have a market value greater than or equal to 25 basis points of the total eligible universe of developed markets. The Underlying Index is reviewed annually, and a country may only be added at that time if it has a market value outstanding greater than or equal to 50 basis points of the total eligible universe. Any country currently in the Underlying Index is removed at any subsequent annual review in which it has a market weight of less than 10 basis points of the total eligible universe. Country composition as well as addition and deletion thresholds are reviewed by S&P on an annual basis.
Component Selection Criteria. In order to be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index, a security must (i) be issued by the government of an eligible country as noted above, (ii) be issued in the currency of the country of domicile, (iii) have a maturity of greater than one year, (iv) be included and priced in the Citigroup Fixed Income Index database and (v) have a current minimum face amount outstanding based on the following minimums by country: Australia (750 mn – Australian Dollar), Austria (2.5 bn – Euro), Belgium (2.5 bn – Euro), Canada (2.5 bn – Canadian Dollar), Denmark (20 bn Danish Krone), Finland (2.5 bn – Euro), France (2.5 bn – Euro), Germany (2.5 bn – Euro), Greece (2.5 bn – Euro), Ireland (2.5 bn – Euro), Italy (2.5 bn – Euro), Japan (500 bn – Japanese Yen), the Netherlands (2.5 bn – Euro), New Zealand (750 mn – New Zealand Dollar), Norway (20 bn – Norwegian Krone), Portugal (2.5 bn – Euro), Singapore (1.5 bn – Singapore Dollar), Spain (2.5 bn – Euro), Sweden (25 bn – Swedish Krona), Switzerland (4 bn – Swiss Franc) and United Kingdom (2 bn – Pound Sterling).
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Investment Limitations
Each Fund has adopted its investment objective as a non-fundamental investment policy. Therefore, each Fund may change its investment objective and its Underlying Index without shareholder approval. The Board has adopted as fundamental policies the following numbered investment restrictions, which cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities. A vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a fund meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of outstanding voting securities.
The iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF and iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments in a particular industry, as that term is used in the Investment Company Act, except that each Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries.
2. Borrow money, except as permitted under the Investment Company Act.
3. Issue senior securities to the extent such issuance would violate the Investment Company Act.
4. Purchase or hold real estate, except each Fund may purchase and hold securities or other instruments that are secured by, or linked to, real estate or interests therein, securities of real estate investment trusts, mortgage-related securities and securities of issuers engaged in the real estate business, and the Fund may purchase and hold real estate as a result of the ownership of securities or other instruments.
5. Underwrite securities issued by others, except to the extent that the sale of portfolio securities by each Fund may be deemed to be an underwriting or as otherwise permitted by applicable law.
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, except as permitted by the Investment Company Act.
7. Make loans to the extent prohibited by the Investment Company Act.
Notations Regarding each Fund’s Fundamental Investment Restrictions
The following notations are not considered to be part of each Fund’s fundamental investment restrictions and are subject to change without shareholder approval.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth in (1) above, the Investment Company Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a fund’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. The policy in (1) above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities of the U.S. government and its agencies or instrumentalities; securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry. There also will be no limit on investment in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction or country. Finance companies will be considered to be in the industries of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of the parents. Each foreign government will be considered to be a member of a separate industry. With respect to a Fund’s industry classifications, the Fund currently utilizes any one or more of the industry sub-classifications used by one or more widely recognized market indexes or rating group indexes, and/or as defined by Fund management. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to a Fund as to how to classify issuers within or among industries.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth in (2) above, the Investment Company Act permits each Fund to borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the Fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose, and to borrow up to 5% of the Fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes. (The Fund’s total assets include the amounts being borrowed.) To limit the risks attendant to borrowing, the Investment Company Act requires each Fund to maintain at all times an “asset coverage” of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings. Asset coverage means the ratio that the value of a Fund’s total assets (including amounts borrowed), minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.”
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Certain trading practices and investments, such as reverse repurchase agreements, may be considered to be borrowings or involve leverage and thus are subject to the Investment Company Act restrictions. In accordance with SEC staff guidance and interpretations, when a Fund engages in such transactions, the Fund instead of maintaining asset coverage of at least 300%, may segregate or earmark liquid assets, or enter into an offsetting position, in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s exposure, on a mark-to-market basis, to the transaction (as calculated pursuant to requirements of the SEC). The policy in (2) above will be interpreted to permit each Fund to engage in trading practices and investments that may be considered to be borrowing or to involve leverage to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act and to permit the Fund to segregate or earmark liquid assets or enter into offsetting positions in accordance with the Investment Company Act. Short-term credits necessary for the settlement of securities transactions and arrangements with respect to securities lending will not be considered to be borrowings under the policy. Practices and investments that may involve leverage but are not considered to be borrowings are not subject to the policy.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to underwriting set forth in (5) above, the Investment Company Act does not prohibit each Fund from engaging in the underwriting business or from underwriting the securities of other issuers; in fact, in the case of diversified funds, the Investment Company Act permits the Fund to have underwriting commitments of up to 25% of its assets under certain circumstances. Those circumstances currently are that the amount of each Fund’s underwriting commitments, when added to the value of the Fund’s investments in issuers where the Fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of those issuers, cannot exceed the 25% cap. A fund engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act. Although it is not believed that the application of the 1933 Act provisions described above would cause a Fund to be engaged in the business of underwriting, the policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent the Fund from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities, regardless of whether the Fund may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act or is otherwise engaged in the underwriting business to the extent permitted by applicable law.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to lending set forth in (7) above, the Investment Company Act does not prohibit each Fund from making loans (including lending its securities); however, SEC staff interpretations currently prohibit funds from lending more than one-third of their total assets (including lending its securities), except through the purchase of debt obligations or the use of repurchase agreements. In addition, collateral arrangements with respect to options, forward currency and futures transactions and other derivative instruments (as applicable), as well as delays in the settlement of securities transactions, will not be considered loans.
Under its non-fundamental investment restrictions, which may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval, each Fund may not:
a. Purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. As a matter of policy, however, the Fund will not purchase shares of any registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust, in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) (the “fund of funds” provisions) of the Investment Company Act, at any time the Fund has knowledge that its shares are purchased by another investment company investor in reliance on the provisions of subparagraph (G) of Section 12(d)(1).
b. Make short sales of securities or maintain a short position, except to the extent permitted by the Fund’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, as amended from time to time, and applicable law.
Unless otherwise indicated, all limitations under each Fund’s fundamental or non-fundamental investment restrictions apply only at the time that a transaction is undertaken. Any change in the percentage of a Fund’s assets invested in certain securities or other instruments resulting from market fluctuations or other changes in the Fund’s total assets will not require the Fund to dispose of an investment until the Adviser determines that it is practicable to sell or close out the investment without undue market or tax consequences.
The iShares TIPS Bond ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that the Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized
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  by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities; and (ii) the Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), the Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not prevent the Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (including options on currencies to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that the Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
Each of the iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF, iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF, iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF, iShares CMBS ETF, iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF, iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF, iShares Financials Bond ETF, iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF, iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, iShares Industrials Bond ETF, iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, iShares International Treasury Bond ETF, iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF and iShares Utilities Bond ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from investing in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or securities or other instruments backed by real estate or mortgages), or commodities or commodity contracts (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
Each of the iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF and iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF will not:
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1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities; and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue “senior securities” as defined in the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and orders thereunder, except as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules, regulation and orders thereunder.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from investing in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or securities or other instruments backed by real estate or mortgages), or commodities or commodity contracts (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies, set forth above, each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental policy not to invest in the securities of a company for the purpose of exercising management or control, or purchase or otherwise acquire any illiquid security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, which currently permits up to 15% of each Fund’s net assets to be invested in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment). Except with regard to the fundamental policy relating to senior securities set forth in (3) above for all Funds, if any percentage restriction described above is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in values of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction.
BFA monitors the liquidity of restricted securities in each Fund’s portfolio. In reaching liquidity decisions, BFA considers the following factors:
The frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
The number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers;
Dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
The nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace in which it trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer).
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy in accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities in each Fund's Underlying Index. and in TBA transactions with respect to the percentage of the Underlying Index (if any) that consists of mortgage-pass through securities Each Fund also has adopted a policy to provide its shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior written notice of any change in such policy. If, subsequent to an investment, an 80% requirement is no longer met, a Fund’s future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Fund into compliance with this policy.
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental limitation such that, under normal market conditions, any borrowings by the Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s net assets.
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Each Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. As a matter of policy, however, a Fund will not purchase shares of any registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust, in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) (the “fund of funds” provisions) of the Investment Company Act, at any time the Fund has knowledge that its shares are purchased by another investment company investor in reliance on the provisions of subparagraph (G) of Section 12(d)(1).
Continuous Offering
The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Funds on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares and sells such shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act must take into account all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.
Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to shares of the Funds are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the 1933 Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the 1933 Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Listing Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Listing Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is available only with respect to transactions on an exchange.
Management
Trustees and Officers.  The Board has responsibility for the overall management and operations of the Funds, including general supervision of the duties performed by BFA and other service providers. Each Trustee serves until he or she resigns, is removed, dies, retires or becomes incapacitated. The President, Chief Compliance Officer, Treasurer and Secretary shall each hold office until their successors are chosen and qualified, and all other officers shall hold office until he or she resigns or is removed. Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust are referred to as independent trustees (“Independent Trustees”).
The registered investment companies advised by BFA or its affiliates are organized into one complex of closed-end funds, two complexes of open-end funds and one complex of exchange-traded funds (“Exchange-Traded Fund Complex”) (each, a “BlackRock Fund Complex”). Each Fund is included in the BlackRock Fund Complex referred to as the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. Each Trustee also serves as a Director of iShares, Inc., a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and, as a result, oversees a total of 306 funds within the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. With the exception of Robert S. Kapito, Mark Wiedman and Warren Collier, the address of each Trustee and officer is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. The address of Mr. Kapito, Mr. Wiedman and Mr. Collier is c/o BlackRock, Inc., Park Avenue Plaza, 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055. The Board has designated Robert H. Silver as its Independent Chairman. Additional information about the Funds' Trustees and officers may be found in this SAI, which is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737).
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Interested Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert S. Kapito1
(57)
  Trustee
(since 2009).
  President and Director, BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006); Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc. and Head of BlackRock’s Portfolio Management Group (since its formation in 1998) and BlackRock’s predecessor entities (since 1988); Trustee, University of Pennsylvania (since 2009); President of Board of Directors, Hope & Heroes Children’s Cancer Fund (since 2002); President of the Board of Directors, Periwinkle Theatre for Youth (since 1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2009); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006).
Mark Wiedman2
(43)
  Trustee (since 2013).   Managing Director, BlackRock, Inc. (since 2007); Global Head of iShares (since 2011); Head of Corporate Strategy, BlackRock, Inc. (2009-2011).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2013); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2013);Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2013); Director of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. (since 2008).

1 Robert S. Kapito is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc.
2 Mark Wiedman is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates.
Independent Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert H. Silver
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2007); Independent Chairman
(since 2012).
  President and Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group, Inc. (since 2006); Director and Vice Chairman of the YMCA of Greater NYC (2001-2011); Broadway Producer (2006-2011); Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. (since 2008); Director and Member of the Audit and Compensation Committee of EPAM Systems, Inc. (2006-2009); President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.) (2003-2005) and various executive positions with UBS and its affiliates (1988-2005); CPA and Audit Manager of KPMG, LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) (1977-1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2007); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Independent Chairman of iShares, Inc., iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2012).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
George G.C. Parker
(74)
  Trustee
(since 2000).
  Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (Professor since 1973; Emeritus since 2006).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2002); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Tejon Ranch Company (since 1999); Director of Threshold Pharmaceuticals (since 2004); Director of Colony Financial, Inc. (since 2009); Director of First Republic Bank (since 2010).
John E. Martinez
(52)
  Trustee
(since 2003);
Securities Lending Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.) (since 2005).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2003); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Cecilia H. Herbert
(64)
  Trustee
(since 2005); Nominating and Governance Committee Chair and Equity Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director (1998-2013) and President (2007-2011) of the Board of Directors, Catholic Charities CYO; Trustee (2002-2011) and Chair of the Finance and Investment Committee (2006-2010) of the Thacher School; Member (since 1992) and Chair (1994-2005) of the Investment Committee, Archdiocese of San Francisco; Trustee and Member of the Investment Committee, WNET, the New York public broadcasting/media company (since 2011).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Forward Funds (34 portfolios) (since 2009).
Charles A. Hurty
(70)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Audit Committee Chair
(since 2006).
  Retired; Partner, KPMG LLP (1968-2001).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund (1 portfolio) (since 2002); Director of SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (2 portfolios) (since 2002).
John E. Kerrigan
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Fixed Income Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University (since 2002).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Madhav V. Rajan
(49)
  Trustee
(since 2011);
15(c) Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting and Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Head of MBA Program, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (since 2001); Professor of Law (by courtesy), Stanford Law School (since 2005); Visiting Professor, University of Chicago (2007-2008).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2011);
Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2011); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director, Cavium, Inc. (since 2013).
Officers
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Manish Mehta
(43)
  President (since 2013).   Managing Director, BlackRock, Inc. (since 2009); Chief Operating Officer for iShares (since 2009); Head of Strategy and Corporate Development, BGI (2005-2009); Chief of Staff to the CEO, BGI (2005-2009).
Jack Gee
(54)
  Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(since 2008).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Senior Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2009); Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2004-2009).
Eilleen M. Clavere
(61)
  Secretary
(since 2007).
  Director of Global Fund Administration, BlackRock (since 2009); Director of Legal Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2006-2009); Legal Counsel and Vice President of Atlas Funds, Atlas Advisers, Inc. and Atlas Securities, Inc. (2005-2006); Counsel at Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP (2001-2005).
Edward B. Baer
(45)
  Vice President and Chief Legal Officer
(since 2012).
  Managing Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (since 2006); Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (2004-2006).
Warren Collier
(48)
  Executive Vice President (since 2013).   Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); COO, BlackRock Latin America and Iberia (2009-2012); COO, BGINA and BGI Canada Limited (2007-2009).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Scott Radell
(45)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2012).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BGI (2007-2009); Credit Portfolio Manager, BGI (2005-2007); Credit Research Analyst, BGI (2003-2005).
Amy Schioldager
(51)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2007).
  Senior Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Global Head of Index Equity, BGI (2008-2009); Global Head of U.S. Indexing, BGI (2006-2008); Head of Domestic Equity Portfolio Management, BGI (2001-2006).
Ira P. Shapiro
(50)
  Vice President
(since 2007).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Strategic Product Initiatives for iShares (since 2012); Chief Legal Officer, Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (2007-2012); Associate General Counsel, BGI (2004-2009).
The Board has concluded that, based on each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, each Trustee should serve as a Trustee of the Board. Among the attributes common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Funds' investment adviser, other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. A Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively may have been attained through the Trustee’s educational background or professional training; business, consulting, public service or academic positions; experience from service as a Board member of the Funds and the other funds in the Trust (and any predecessor funds), other investment funds, public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. Also, set forth below is a brief discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Trustee that led the Board to conclude that he or she should serve as a Trustee.
Robert Kapito has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2009. Mr. Kapito has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2009, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and a Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2006. In addition, he has over 20 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Mr. Kapito serves as President and Director of BlackRock, Inc., and is the Chairman of the Operating Committee, a member of the Office of the Chairman, the Leadership Committee and the Corporate Council. He is responsible for day-to-day oversight of BlackRock's key operating units, including the Account Management and Portfolio Management Groups, Real Estate Group and BlackRock Solutions®. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in 2007, Mr. Kapito served as Head of BlackRock's Portfolio Management Group. In that role, he was responsible for overseeing all portfolio management within BlackRock, including the Fixed Income, Equity, Liquidity, and Alternative Investment Groups. Mr. Kapito serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. He has also been President of the Board of Directors for the Hope & Heroes Children's Cancer Fund since 2002 and President of the Board of Directors for Periwinkle Theatre for Youth, a national non-profit arts-in-education organization, since 1983. Mr. Kapito earned a BS degree in economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979, and an MBA degree from Harvard Business School in 1983.
Mark Wiedman has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2013. Mr. Wiedman has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2013, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2013 and a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2013. Mr. Wiedman is the Global Head and Managing Director of iShares. In addition, he is a member of BlackRock's Global Executive Committee and Global Operating Committee. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in 2011, Mr. Wiedman was the
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head of Corporate Strategy for BlackRock. Mr. Wiedman joined BlackRock in 2004 to help start the advisory business, which evolved into the Financial Markets Advisory Group in BlackRock Solutions. This group advises financial institutions and governments on managing their capital markets exposures and businesses. Prior to BlackRock, he served as senior advisor and chief of staff for the Under Secretary for Domestic Finance at the U.S. Department of the Treasury and also was a management consultant at McKinsey & Co., advising financial institutions in the United States, Europe, and Japan. He has taught as an adjunct associate professor of law at Fordham University in New York and Renmin University in Beijing. Mr. Wiedman serves on the board of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc., a publicly-traded U.S. mortgage banking and investment management firm started in 2008, with BlackRock as a sponsor. Mr. Wiedman earned an AB degree, Phi Beta Kappa, magna cum laude, in social studies from Harvard College in 1992 and a JD degree from Yale Law School in 1996.
Robert H. Silver has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2007 and Chairman of the Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Chairman of iShares, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chairman of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chairman of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver is President and a Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group Inc., a firm dedicated to advising and investing in emerging business enterprises and to supporting philanthropic activities that benefit under-served urban youth. Previously, Mr. Silver served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.), the registered broker dealer comprising the Wealth Management USA business unit of UBS AG, including the following responsibilities: President of Paine Webber Services, Director of Retail Products and Marketing, Director of Private Client Group Branch Offices, Director of Finance and Controls for Paine Webber, Inc. and Chief Administrative Officer for Paine Webber Private Client Group. Mr. Silver also served on the Board of Directors of EPAM Systems, Inc., a provider of software engineering outsourcing services in Central and Eastern Europe, served on the Board and Executive Committee of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), chaired the National Securities Clearing Corporations’ Membership and Risk Committee and served as Governor of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. In addition, Mr. Silver was a Vice Chairman and a Member of the Board of Directors for the YMCA of Greater New York and chaired its Fund Development Committee from 2001 until 2011 and Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. since 2008. Mr. Silver began his career as a CPA and Audit Manager at KPMG LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) from 1977 until 1983. Mr. Silver has a BS degree in business administration from the University of North Carolina.
George G.C. Parker has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2000. Mr. Parker served as Chair of the Trust's Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Trustee of the Trust from 2006 until 2010 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2002 until 2010. Mr. Parker has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2002, Chair of iShares, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Director of iShares, Inc. from 2006 until 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2010, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Parker also serves as Director on four other boards. Mr. Parker is the Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He teaches courses in Corporate Finance in the MBA Program, Stanford Sloan Program for Executives, and in various other Executive Education Programs at Stanford University. Mr. Parker's teaching and research interests are primarily in the field of corporate finance, management of financial institutions, and corporate governance, and he has written numerous case studies related to these subjects. He has also authored several articles on capital structure, risk management, and corporate valuation. Mr. Parker previously served as a Director of Continental Airlines and a Director of NETGEAR, Inc. Mr. Parker holds MBA and Ph.D. degrees from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.
John E. Martinez has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2003 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2003, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez is a Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.), providing governance oversight and consulting services to this privately held firm that develops products and strategies for homeowners in managing the equity in their homes. Mr. Martinez previously served as Director of Barclays Global Investors (BGI) UK Holdings, where he provided governance oversight representing BGI’s shareholders (Barclays PLC, BGI management shareholders) through oversight of BGI’s worldwide activities. Mr. Martinez also previously served as Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Global Index and Markets Group of BGI, Chairman of Barclays Global Investor Services and Chief Executive Officer of the Capital Markets Group of BGI. From 2003-2012, he was a Director and Executive Committee Member for Larkin Street Youth Services, providing governance oversight and strategy development to an agency that provides
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emergency and transitional housing, healthcare, education, job and life skills training to homeless youth. He now serves on the Larkin Street Honorary Board. Since 2012, Mr. Martinez has served as a Director for Reading Partners, an organization committed to making all children literate through one-on-one tutoring of students in grades K-4 who are not yet reading at grade level. Mr. Martinez has an AB degree in economics from The University of California, Berkeley and holds an MBA degree in finance and statistics from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
Cecilia H. Herbert has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Ms. Herbert has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. From 1998-2013, she served as Director of the Board of the Catholic Charities CYO, one of the Bay Area’s largest private social services organizations serving the homeless, poor, aged, families, children and AIDS/HIV victims. Ms. Herbert is a member of the Investment Committee of the Archdiocese of San Francisco since 1992, which she chaired from 1994 to 2005. She has served on numerous non-profit boards. Ms. Herbert is also a Director and Advisory Board Member since 2009 of the Forward Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as a Trustee for the Pacific Select Funds and The Montgomery Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as Managing Director of J.P. Morgan/Morgan Guaranty Trust Company responsible for product development, marketing and credit for U.S. multinational corporations and as head of its San Francisco office. Ms. Herbert has a BA degree in economics and communications from Stanford University and an MBA degree in finance from Harvard Business School.
Charles A. Hurty has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Trust since 2006. Mr. Hurty has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2006, a Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010 and a Trustee and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. In addition, Mr. Hurty serves as Director of the GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund since 2002, Director of the SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (formerly, Citigroup Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC) since 2002 and was a Director of the CSFB Alternative Investment Funds from 2005 to December 2009, when the funds were liquidated. Mr. Hurty was formerly a Partner at KPMG, LLP from 1968 to 2001. Mr. Hurty has a BS degree in accounting from the University of Kansas.
John E. Kerrigan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Kerrigan served as Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2010 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan serves as Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University since 2002. Mr. Kerrigan was formerly a Managing Director at Merrill Lynch & Co., including the following responsibilities: Global Manager of Institutional Client Division eCommerce, Global Manager of Technology Specialists Sales and Chair. Mr. Kerrigan is a Trustee, since 2008, of Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton, CA, and Director, since 1999, of The BASIC Fund (Bay Area Scholarships for Inner City Children). Mr. Kerrigan has a BA degree from Boston College and is a Chartered Financial Analyst Charterholder.
Madhav V. Rajan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan is the Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He has taught accounting for over 20 years to undergraduate, MBA and law students, as well as to senior executives. Mr. Rajan serves as the Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and head of the MBA Program at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Rajan served as editor of “The Accounting Review” from 2002 to 2008 and is co-author of “Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis,” a leading cost accounting textbook. Mr. Rajan holds MS, MBA and Ph.D. degrees in accounting from Carnegie Mellon University.
Board – Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities
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Overall responsibility for oversight of the Funds rests with the Board. The Board has engaged BFA to manage the Funds on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing BFA and other service providers in the operations of the Funds in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The Board is currently composed of nine members, seven of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board currently conducts regular meetings five times a year. In addition, the Board frequently holds special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees meet regularly outside the presence of management, in executive session or with other service providers to the Trust.
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board has established six standing Committees: a Nominating and Governance Committee, an Audit Committee, a 15(c) Committee, a Securities Lending Committee, an Equity Plus Committee and a Fixed Income Plus Committee to assist the Board in the oversight and direction of the business and affairs of the Funds, and from time to time may establish ad-hoc committees or informal working groups to review and address the policies and practices of the Funds with respect to certain specified matters. The Chair of each standing Committee is an Independent Trustee. The role of the Chair of each Committee is to preside at all meetings of the Committee and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys and other Trustees between meetings. Each Committee meets regularly to conduct the oversight functions delegated to the Committee by the Board and reports its finding to the Board. The Board and each standing Committee conduct annual assessments of their oversight function and structure. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise independent judgment over management and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees of Independent Trustees and the full Board to enhance effective oversight.
Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Funds is the responsibility of BFA or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to the supervision of BFA. Each Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational, counterparty and valuation risks, among others. While there are a number of risk management functions performed by BFA and other service providers, as applicable, it is not possible to eliminate all of the risks applicable to the Funds. The Trustees have an oversight role in this area, satisfying themselves that risk management processes and controls are in place and operating effectively. Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of each Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. The Board, directly or through a committee, also reviews reports from, among others, management and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by each Fund and management’s risk functions. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Trust's compliance program, including assessments by independent third parties, and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Trust and its principal service providers. In testing and maintaining the compliance program, the Chief Compliance Officer (and his or her delegates) assesses key compliance risks affecting each Fund, and addresses them in periodic reports to the Board. The Independent Trustees have engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.
Committees of the Board of Trustees. Each Independent Trustee serves on the Audit Committee. The Chair of the Audit Committee is Charles A. Hurty. The purposes of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board (i) in its oversight of the Trust's accounting and financial reporting principles and policies and related controls and procedures maintained by or on behalf of the Trust; (ii) in its oversight of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (iii) in selecting, evaluating and, where deemed appropriate, replacing the independent accountants (or nominating the independent accountants to be proposed for shareholder approval in any proxy statement); (iv) in evaluating the independence of the independent accountants; (v) in complying with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust's accounting and financial reporting, internal controls, compliance controls and independent audits; and (vi) to assume such other responsibilities as may be delegated by the Board. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2013.
The members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), Charles A. Hurty, Madhav V. Rajan and John E. Kerrigan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The Nominating and Governance Committee nominates individuals for Independent Trustee membership on the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee functions include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) reviewing the qualifications of any person properly identified or nominated to serve as an Independent Trustee; (ii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the nominee(s) for appointment as an Independent Trustee by the Board and current Independent Trustees and/or for election as Independent Trustees by shareholders to fill any vacancy for a position of Independent Trustee(s) on the Board; (iii) recommending to the
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Board and current Independent Trustees the size and composition of the Board and Board committees and whether they comply with applicable laws and regulations; (iv) recommending a current Independent Trustee to the Board and current Independent Trustees to serve as Lead Independent Trustee; (v) periodic review of the Board's retirement policy; and (vi) recommending an appropriate level of compensation for the Independent Trustees for their services as Trustees, members or chairpersons of committees of the Board, Lead Independent Trustee, Chairperson of the Board and any other positions as the Nominating and Governance Committee considers appropriate. The Nominating and Governance Committee does not consider Board nominations recommended by shareholders (acting solely in their capacity as a shareholder and not in any other capacity). The Nominating and Governance Committee met two times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2013.
The members of the 15(c) Committee are Madhav V. Rajan (Chair), Cecilia H. Herbert, Charles A. Hurty and John E. Martinez, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the 15(c) Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for the annual review and renewal of the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements. These responsibilities include: (i) meeting with BlackRock, Inc. in advance of the Board meeting at which the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements are to be considered to discuss generally the process for providing requested information to the Board and the format in which information will be provided; and (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to evaluate the investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements of the Trust. The 15(c) Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2013.
The members of the Securities Lending Committee are John E. Martinez (Chair), John E. Kerrigan and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Securities Lending Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of the Trust's securities lending activities. These responsibilities include: (i) requesting that certain information be provided to the Committee for its review and consideration prior to such information being provided to the Board; (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to oversee the Trust's securities lending activities and make required findings and approvals; and (iii) providing a recommendation to the Board regarding the annual approval of the Trust's Securities Lending Guidelines and the required findings with respect to, and annual approval of, the Trust's agreement with the lending agent. The Securities Lending Committee met six times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2013.
The members of the Equity Plus Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), John E. Martinez and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Equity Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for equity funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Equity Plus Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2013.
The members of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are John E. Kerrigan (Chair), Charles A. Hurty and Madhav V. Rajan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for fixed income or multi-asset funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Fixed Income Plus Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2013.
As the Chairman of the Board, Robert H. Silver may participate in each Committee's meetings.
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2013, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Funds and in other registered investment companies overseen by the Trustee within the same family of investment companies as the Trust. If a fund is not listed below, the Trustee did not own any securities in that fund as of the date indicated above:
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Robert S. Kapito   None   None   None
             
Mark Wiedman1   iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
             
Robert H. Silver   iShares 2015 AMT-Free Muni Term ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares 2016 AMT-Free Muni Term ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares 2017 AMT-Free Muni Term ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares 2018 AMT-Free Muni Term ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core High Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI BRIC ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI Frontier 100 ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares U.S. Technology ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
             
George G.C. Parker   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares S&P 100 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
             
John E. Martinez   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares TIPS Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Cecilia H. Herbert   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares International Select Dividend ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
             
Charles A. Hurty   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Tech ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core High Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Financials ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Technology ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
             
John E. Kerrigan   iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Madhav V. Rajan   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core High Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    

1 Appointed to serve as an Interested Trustee effective December 31, 2013.
As of December 31, 2013, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of BFA (the Funds' investment adviser), the Distributor or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with BFA or the Distributor.
Remuneration of Trustees.  Each current Independent Trustee is paid an annual retainer of $300,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board's policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the period from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2013, each current Independent Trustee was paid an annual retainer of $275,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board’s policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. The Independent Chairman of the Boards is paid an additional annual retainer of $50,000. The Chair of the Audit Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $40,000. The Chair of each of the Nominating and Governance Committees, Equity Plus Committees, Fixed Income Plus Committees, Securities Lending Committees and 15(c) Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $15,000. Each Independent Trustee that serves as a director of subsidiaries of the Exchange-Traded Complex is paid an additional annual retainer of $10,000 (plus an additional $1,765 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius in connection with such Trustee’s service on the boards of
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certain Mauritius-based subsidiaries). Additionally, any Independent Trustee who travels to the Republic of Mauritius to attend board meetings is paid an additional $12,000 (plus an additional $2,117 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius in connection with such Trustee’s service on the boards of certain Mauritius-based subsidiaries).
The table below sets forth the compensation earned by each Independent Trustee and Interested Trustee from each Fund for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2013 and the aggregate compensation paid to them by the Exchange-Traded Complex for the calendar year ended December 31, 2013.
Name of Trustee   iShares 0-5 Year High
Yield Corporate

Bond ETF1
  iShares 0-5 Year Investment
Grade Corporate
Bond ETF1
  iShares 0-5
Year TIPS
Bond ETF
  iShares 1-3 Year
International
Treasury
Bond ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
George G.C. Parker   $ 10   $4   $ 263   $70
John E. Kerrigan   10   4   257   68
Charles A. Hurty   12   5   294   78
Cecilia H. Herbert   10   4   264   70
Robert H. Silver   12   5   293   78
John E. Martinez   10   4   253   67
Madhav V. Rajan   10   4   253   67
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares Aaa - A Rated
Corporate Bond ETF
  iShares B - Ca Rated
Corporate Bond ETF
  iShares Baa - Ba Rated
Corporate Bond ETF
  iShares CMBS
ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
George G.C. Parker   $ 163   $4   $9   $34
John E. Kerrigan   159   4   8   33
Charles A. Hurty   181   5   9   38
Cecilia H. Herbert   163   4   9   34
Robert H. Silver   181   5   9   38
John E. Martinez   156   4   8   33
Madhav V. Rajan   156   4   8   33
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $0   $0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares Core

Short-Term

USD Bond ETF
  iShares Financials

Bond ETF
  iShares Floating

Rate Bond ETF
  iShares Global

Inflation-Linked

Bond ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
George G.C. Parker   $ 27   $4   $ 1,570   $ 11
John E. Kerrigan   26   4   1,532   10
Charles A. Hurty   30   5   1,751   12
Cecilia H. Herbert   27   4   1,577   11
Robert H. Silver   30   5   1,750   12
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Name of Trustee   iShares Core

Short-Term

USD Bond ETF
  iShares Financials

Bond ETF
  iShares Floating

Rate Bond ETF
  iShares Global

Inflation-Linked

Bond ETF
John E. Martinez   26   4   1,509   10
Madhav V. Rajan   26   4   1,509   10
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares Core GNMA
Bond ETF
  iShares Industrials
Bond ETF
  iShares International

Inflation-Linked

Bond ETF
  iShares International

Treasury Bond ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
George G.C. Parker   $ 12   $6   $ 47   $ 190
John E. Kerrigan   12   6   46   186
Charles A. Hurty   14   7   53   212
Cecilia H. Herbert   12   6   47   191
Robert H. Silver   14   7   53   212
John E. Martinez   12   6   45   183
Madhav V. Rajan   12   6   45   183
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares J.P. Morgan
USD Emerging

Markets Bond ETF
  iShares TIPS

Bond ETF
  iShares Core U.S. Treasury
Bond ETF
  iShares Utilities
Bond ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
George G.C. Parker   $ 1,573   $ 5,740   $ 41   $4
John E. Kerrigan   1,534   5,598   40   4
Charles A. Hurty   1,753   6,398   46   5
Cecilia H. Herbert   1,579   5,763   41   4
Robert H. Silver   1,752   6,394   46   5
John E. Martinez   1,511   5,515   39   4
Madhav V. Rajan   1,511   5,515   39   4
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Accrued As
Part of Trust
Expenses2
  Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement2
  Total
Compensation
From the Funds
and Fund Complex3
Independent Trustees:            
             
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Name of Trustee   Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Accrued As
Part of Trust
Expenses2
  Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement2
  Total
Compensation
From the Funds
and Fund Complex3
Robert H. Silver   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 325,000
George G.C. Parker   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   275,000
John E. Kerrigan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   315,882
Charles A. Hurty   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   315,000
Cecilia H. Herbert   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   305,000
John E. Martinez   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   290,000
Madhav V. Rajan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   301,765
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 0
Mark Wiedman4   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   0
Michael Latham5   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   0

1 Compensation reported is from the Fund’s inception to October 31, 2013.
2 No Trustee or officer is entitled to any pension or retirement benefits from the Trust.
3 Includes compensation for service on the Board of Trustees of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and the Boards of Directors of iShares, Inc. and iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.
4 Appointed to serve as an Interested Trustee effective December 31, 2013.
5 Served as an Interested Trustee through December 31, 2013.
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust collectively owned less than 1% of each Fund's outstanding shares as of January 31, 2014.
Although the Trust does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participants (as defined below), as of January 31, 2014, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund were as follows:
Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   U.S. Bank N.A.
1555 North Rivercenter Dr.
Suite 302
Milwaukee, WI 53212
  28.57%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  12.34%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  11.88%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  7.73%
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Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  6.60%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  5.01%
iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  37.35%
    NBCN Inc.

1010 Rue De La Gauchetiere

Montreal, Québec, Canada
  11.04%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.95%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.54%
    Fidelity Clearing Canada ULC/CDS

483 Bay Street, South Tower

Toronto, Ontario CA
  7.74%
iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  17.29%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  14.43%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  10.48%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  9.79%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.95%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.59%
iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  14.79%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harborside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  12.23%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.20%
    Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
733 Marquette Ave
4th Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
  9.87%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  7.09%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.67%
iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  79.39%
iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF   J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  27.95%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  12.08%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  8.32%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.88%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harborside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.60%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
2178 AXP Financial Center
Minneapolis, MN 55474
  6.53%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  6.50%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF   Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  21.94%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  17.27%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  13.65%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  11.27%
    FOLIO fn Investments, Inc.
8180 Greensboro Drive
8th Floor
McLean, VA 22102
  5.94%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  5.82%
iShares CMBS ETF   M&I Marshall & Ilsley Bank
11270 W Park Place
7th Floor
Milwaukee, WI 53224
  17.21%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  13.30%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  9.05%
    Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
733 Marquette Ave
4th Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
  8.53%
    Curian Clearing, LLC
8055 East Tufts Avenue
10th Floor
Denver, CO 80237
  6.95%
    U.S. Bank N.A.
1555 North Rivercenter Dr.
Suite 302
Milwaukee, WI 53212
  6.58%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  5.50%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  66.20%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.88%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.30%
iShares Financials Bond ETF   Deutsche Bank Securities Inc./Cedear
1251 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020
  74.62%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  8.76%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  8.30%
iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  19.90%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  13.74%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  7.96%
    Bank of America, National Association
411 N. Akard Street
5th Floor
Dallas, TX 75201
  6.74%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  6.05%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
2178 AXP Financial Center
Minneapolis, MN 55474
  5.34%
iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  13.93%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  13.64%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  13.62%
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.31%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  9.26%
iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF   The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  15.59%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  13.21%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.24%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  9.11%
    Commerz Markets LLC

1301 Avenue of the Americas

New York, NY 10009
  6.33%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  6.03%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  5.80%
iShares Industrials Bond ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  26.67%
    Deutsche Bank Securities Inc./Cedear
1251 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020
  24.76%
    J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp
One Metrotech Center North
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  19.58%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  16.55%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   Janney Montgomery Scott LLC
26 Broadway
New York, NY 10004
  41.13%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  30.43%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  5.45%
iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harborside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  11.85%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  10.01%
    Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
733 Marquette Ave
4th Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
  9.18%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.75%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.41%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.49%
iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  11.49%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harborside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.18%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.84%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.38%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.20%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  5.23%
iShares TIPS Bond ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  13.74%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.03%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  9.96%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  7.44%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harborside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  7.27%
    BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  5.62%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.15%
iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  73.66%
    RBC Capital Markets Corporation
One Liberty Plaza
New York, NY 10006-1446
  9.53%
iShares Utilities Bond ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  13.96%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  11.38%
    Deutsche Bank Securities Inc./Cedear
1251 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020
  10.92%
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Table of Contents
Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.10%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  7.86%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  6.77%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.39%
Potential Conflicts of Interest.  The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (“PNC”) has a significant economic interest in BlackRock, Inc., the parent of BFA, the Funds' investment adviser. PNC is considered to be an affiliate of BlackRock, Inc., under the 1940 Act. Certain activities of BFA, BlackRock, Inc. and their affiliates (collectively, “BlackRock”) and PNC and its affiliates (collectively, “PNC” and together with BlackRock, “Affiliates”), with respect to the Funds and/or other accounts managed by BlackRock or PNC, may give rise to actual or perceived conflicts of interest such as those described below.
BlackRock is one of the world's largest asset management firms. PNC is a diversified financial services organization spanning the retail, business and corporate markets. BlackRock and PNC are affiliates of one another under the 1940 Act. BlackRock and PNC and their respective affiliates (including, for these purposes, their directors, partners, trustees, managing members, officers and employees), including the entities and personnel who may be involved in the investment activities and business operations of a Fund, are engaged worldwide in businesses, including equity, fixed-income, cash management and alternative investments. These are considerations of which investors in a Fund should be aware, and which may cause conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Fund and its shareholders. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments that may be purchased or sold by a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates have proprietary interests in, and may manage or advise with respect to, accounts or funds (including separate accounts and other funds and collective investment vehicles) that have investment objectives similar to those of a Fund and/or that engage in transactions in the same types of securities, currencies and instruments as the Fund. One or more Affiliates are also major participants in the global currency, equities, swap and fixed-income markets, in each case both on a proprietary basis and for the accounts of customers. As such, one or more Affiliates are or may be actively engaged in transactions in the same securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests. Such activities could affect the prices and availability of the securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests, which could have an adverse impact on the Fund's performance. Such transactions, particularly in respect of most proprietary accounts or customer accounts, will be executed independently of a Fund's transactions and thus at prices or rates that may be more or less favorable than those obtained by the Fund. When BlackRock and its Affiliates purchase or sell the same assets for their managed accounts, including a Fund, the assets actually purchased or sold may be allocated among the accounts on a basis determined in their good faith discretion to be equitable. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the size or price of the assets purchased or sold for a Fund. In addition, transactions in investments by one or more other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of a Fund, particularly, but not limited to, with respect to small capitalization, emerging market or less liquid strategies. This may occur when investment decisions regarding a Fund are based on research or other information that is also used to support decisions for other accounts. When BlackRock or its Affiliates implements a portfolio decision or strategy on behalf of another account ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar decisions or strategies for a Fund, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other factors could result in the Fund receiving less favorable trading results and the costs of implementing such decisions or strategies could be increased or the Fund could otherwise be disadvantaged. BlackRock or its Affiliates may, in certain cases, elect to implement internal policies and procedures designed to limit such
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consequences, which may cause a Fund to be unable to engage in certain activities, including purchasing or disposing of securities, when it might otherwise be desirable for it to do so.
Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding a Fund may benefit other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by a Fund may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by a Fund may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts.
In certain circumstances, BFA, on behalf of a Fund, may seek to buy from or sell securities to another fund or account advised by BFA or an affiliate. BFA may (but is not required to) effect purchases and sales between BFA clients or clients of affiliates (“cross trades”), including a Fund, if BFA believes such transactions are appropriate based on each party's investment objectives and guidelines, subject to applicable law and regulation. There may be potential conflicts of interest or regulatory issues relating to these transactions which could limit BFA’s decision to engage in these transactions for a Fund. BFA may have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities to the parties in such transactions. Where a Fund participates in a cross trade, BFA will comply with procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 17a-7 under the 1940 Act and applicable SEC guidance.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which a Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of a Fund's investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of BlackRock or its Affiliates or their clients, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
The results of a Fund's investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by BlackRock and its Affiliates for their proprietary accounts or other accounts (including investment companies or collective investment vehicles) managed or advised by them. It is possible that one or more Affiliate-managed accounts and such other accounts will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by a Fund. Moreover, it is possible that a Fund will sustain losses during periods in which one or more Affiliate-managed accounts achieve significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. The opposite result is also possible. The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and accounts under their management may also limit the investment opportunities for a Fund in certain emerging and other markets in which limitations are imposed upon the amount of investment, in the aggregate or in individual issuers, by affiliated foreign investors.
From time to time, a Fund's activities may also be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to one or more Affiliates, and/or their internal policies designed to comply with such restrictions. As a result, there may be periods, for example, when BlackRock, and/or one or more Affiliates, will not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions in certain securities or instruments with respect to which BlackRock and/or one or more Affiliates are performing services or when position limits have been reached.
In connection with its management of a Fund, BlackRock may have access to certain fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models developed by one or more Affiliates. BlackRock will not be under any obligation, however, to effect transactions on behalf of a Fund in accordance with such analysis and models. In addition, neither BlackRock nor any of its Affiliates will have any obligation to make available any information regarding their proprietary activities or strategies, or the activities or strategies used for other accounts managed by them, for the benefit of the management of a Fund and it is not anticipated that BlackRock will have access to such information for the purpose of managing the Fund. The proprietary activities or portfolio strategies of BlackRock and its Affiliates, or the activities or strategies used for accounts managed by them or other customer accounts could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by BlackRock in managing a Fund.
A Fund may be included in investment models developed by BFA and its affiliates for use by clients and financial advisors. The price, availability and liquidity of a Fund may be impacted by purchases and redemptions of a Fund by model-driven investment portfolios.
In addition, certain principals and certain employees of BlackRock are also principals or employees of Affiliates. As a result, the performance by these principals and employees of their obligations to such other entities may be a consideration of which investors in a Fund should be aware.
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BlackRock may enter into transactions and invest in securities, instruments and currencies on behalf of a Fund in which customers of BlackRock or its Affiliates, or, to the extent permitted by the SEC, BlackRock or another Affiliate, serves as the counterparty, principal or issuer. In such cases, such party's interests in the transaction will be adverse to the interests of the Fund, and such party may have no incentive to assure that the Fund obtains the best possible prices or terms in connection with the transactions. In addition, the purchase, holding and sale of such investments by a Fund may enhance the profitability of BlackRock or its Affiliates. One or more Affiliates may also create, write or issue derivatives for their customers, the underlying securities, currencies or instruments of which may be those in which a Fund invests or which may be based on the performance of the Fund. A Fund may, subject to applicable law, purchase investments that are the subject of an underwriting or other distribution by one or more Affiliates and may also enter into transactions with other clients of an Affiliate where such other clients have interests adverse to those of the Fund.
At times, these activities may cause departments of BlackRock or its Affiliates to give advice to clients that may cause these clients to take actions adverse to the interests of the Fund. To the extent affiliated transactions are permitted, a Fund will deal with BlackRock and its Affiliates on an arms-length basis. BlackRock or its Affiliates may also have an ownership interest in certain trading or information systems used by a Fund. A Fund's use of such trading or information systems may enhance the profitability of BlackRock and its Affiliates.
One or more Affiliates may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or adviser or in other commercial capacities for a Fund. It is anticipated that the commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs, financial advisory fees, underwriting and placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, other fees, compensation or profits, rates, terms and conditions charged by an Affiliate will be in its view commercially reasonable, although each Affiliate, including its sales personnel, will have an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts that are favorable to the Affiliate and such sales personnel.
Subject to applicable law, the Affiliates (and their personnel and other distributors) will be entitled to retain fees and other amounts that they receive in connection with their service to the Funds as broker, dealer, agent, lender, adviser or in other commercial capacities and no accounting to the Funds or their respective shareholders will be required, and no fees or other compensation payable by the Funds or their respective shareholders will be reduced by reason of receipt by an Affiliate of any such fees or other amounts.
When an Affiliate acts as broker, dealer, agent, adviser or in other commercial capacities in relation to the Funds, the Affiliate may take commercial steps in its own interests, which may have an adverse effect on the Funds. A Fund will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on the Fund's own credit standing. Neither BlackRock nor any of the Affiliates will have any obligation to allow their credit to be used in connection with a Fund's establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that the Fund's counterparties will rely on the credit of BlackRock or any of the Affiliates in evaluating the Fund's creditworthiness.
Lending on behalf of a Fund is done by BTC pursuant to SEC exemptive relief, enabling BTC to act as securities lending agent to, and receive a share of securities lending revenues from, a Fund. BFA may also receive compensation for managing the reinvestment of the cash collateral from securities lending. There is a potential conflict of interest in that BTC as a lending agent may have an incentive to increase the amount of securities on loan or to lend riskier assets in order to generate additional revenue for BTC and its affiliates. However, BTC’s SEC exemptive relief sets forth certain conditions designed to assist in mitigating such conflicts of interest.
Purchases and sales of securities for a Fund may be bunched or aggregated with orders for other BlackRock client accounts. BlackRock, however, is not required to bunch or aggregate orders if portfolio management decisions for different accounts are made separately, or if it determines that bunching or aggregating is not practicable or required, or in cases involving client direction.
Prevailing trading activity frequently may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Funds will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Funds. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Funds will not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.
BlackRock may select brokers (including, without limitation, Affiliates) that furnish BlackRock, the Funds, other BlackRock client accounts or other Affiliates or personnel, directly or through correspondent relationships, with research or other
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appropriate services which provide, in BlackRock's view, appropriate assistance to BlackRock in the investment decision-making process (including with respect to futures, fixed-price offerings and over-the-counter transactions). Such research or other services may include, to the extent permitted by law, research reports on companies, industries and securities; economic and financial data; financial publications; proxy analysis; trade industry seminars; computer data bases; research-oriented software and other services and products. Research or other services obtained in this manner may be used in servicing any or all of the Funds and other BlackRock client accounts, including in connection with BlackRock client accounts other than those that pay commissions to the broker relating to the research or other service arrangements. Such products and services may disproportionately benefit other BlackRock client accounts relative to the Funds based on the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds and such other BlackRock client accounts. For example, research or other services that are paid for through one client's commissions may not be used in managing that client's account. In addition, other BlackRock client accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products and services that may be provided to the Funds and to such other BlackRock client accounts. To the extent that BlackRock uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products and services itself.
BlackRock may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. To the extent that BlackRock receives research on this basis, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist. For example, the research effectively will be paid by client commissions that also will be used to pay for the execution, clearing, and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by BlackRock.
BlackRock may endeavor to execute trades through brokers who, pursuant to such arrangements, provide research or other services in order to ensure the continued receipt of research or other services BlackRock believes are useful in its investment decision-making process. BlackRock may from time to time choose not to engage in the above described arrangements to varying degrees. BlackRock may also enter into commission sharing arrangements under which BlackRock may execute transactions through a broker-dealer, including, where permitted, an Affiliate, and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to BlackRock. To the extent that BlackRock engages in commission sharing arrangements, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist.
BlackRock may utilize certain electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) in executing client securities transactions for certain types of securities. These ECNs may charge fees for their services, including access fees and transaction fees. The transaction fees, which are similar to commissions or mark-ups/mark-downs, will generally be charged to clients and, like commissions and mark-ups/mark-downs, would generally be included in the cost of the securities purchased. Access fees may be paid by BlackRock even though incurred in connection with executing transactions on behalf of clients, including the Funds. In certain circumstances, ECNs may offer volume discounts that will reduce the access fees typically paid by BlackRock. BlackRock will only utilize ECNs consistent with its obligation to seek to obtain best execution in client transactions.
BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Funds, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with BlackRock's fiduciary obligations to its clients. Nevertheless, notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of BlackRock may have the effect of favoring the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of BlackRock and/or its Affiliates, provided that BlackRock believes such voting decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the Proxy Voting Policy section of this SAI.
It is also possible that, from time to time, BlackRock or its Affiliates may, although they are not required to, purchase and hold shares of a Fund. Increasing a Fund's assets may enhance liquidity, investment flexibility and diversification and may contribute to economies of scale that tend to reduce the Fund's expense ratio. BlackRock and its Affiliates reserve the right to sell or redeem at any time some or all of the shares of a Fund acquired for their own accounts. A large sale or redemption of shares of a Fund by BlackRock or its Affiliates could significantly reduce the asset size of the Fund, which might have an adverse effect on the Fund's liquidity, investment flexibility, portfolio diversification and expense ratio. BlackRock will consider the effect of redemptions on a Fund and other shareholders in deciding whether to redeem its shares.
It is possible that a Fund may invest in securities of companies with which an Affiliate has or is trying to develop investment banking relationships as well as securities of entities in which BlackRock or its Affiliates has significant debt or equity investments or in which an Affiliate makes a market. A Fund also may invest in securities of companies to which an Affiliate
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provides or may someday provide research coverage. Such investments could cause conflicts between the interests of a Fund and the interests of other clients of BlackRock or its Affiliates. In making investment decisions for a Fund, BlackRock is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information acquired by any division, department or Affiliate of BlackRock in the course of these activities. In addition, from time to time, the activities of an Affiliate may limit a Fund's flexibility in purchases and sales of securities. When an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of an entity, BlackRock may be prohibited from purchasing or recommending the purchase of certain securities of that entity for a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates, their personnel and other financial service providers may have interests in promoting sales of the Funds. With respect to BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel, the remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of the Funds or other products may be greater than remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of certain funds or other products that might be provided or offered. BlackRock and its Affiliates and their sales personnel may directly or indirectly receive a portion of the fees and commissions charged to the Funds or their respective shareholders. BlackRock and its advisory or other personnel may also benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. Fees and commissions may also be higher than for other products or services, and the remuneration and profitability to BlackRock or its Affiliates and such personnel resulting from transactions on behalf of or management of the Funds may be greater than the remuneration and profitability resulting from other funds or products.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel may receive greater compensation or greater profit in connection with an account for which BlackRock serves as an adviser than with an account advised by an unaffiliated investment adviser. Differentials in compensation may be related to the fact that BlackRock may pay a portion of its advisory fee to its Affiliate, or relate to compensation arrangements, including for portfolio management, brokerage transactions or account servicing. Any differential in compensation may create a financial incentive on the part of BlackRock or its Affiliates and their personnel to recommend BlackRock over unaffiliated investment advisers or to effect transactions differently in one account over another.
Third parties, including service providers to BFA or a Fund, may sponsor events (including, but not limited to, marketing and promotional activities and presentations, educational training programs and conferences) for registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors. There is a potential conflict of interest as such sponsorships may defray the costs of such activities to BFA, and may provide an incentive to BFA to retain such third parties to provide services to a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may provide valuation assistance to certain clients with respect to certain securities or other investments and the valuation recommendations made for their clients' accounts may differ from the valuations for the same securities or investments assigned by a Fund's pricing vendors, especially if such valuations are based on broker-dealer quotes or other data sources unavailable to the Fund's pricing vendors. While BlackRock will generally communicate its valuation information or determinations to a Fund's pricing vendors and/or fund accountants, there may be instances where the Fund's pricing vendors or fund accountants assign a different valuation to a security or other investment than the valuation for such security or investment determined or recommended by BlackRock.
As disclosed in more detail in the Determination of Net Asset Value section of each Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI, when market valuations are not readily available or such valuations do not reflect current market values, the affected investments will be valued using fair value pricing, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Trust's Board. When determining an asset’s “fair value,” BlackRock seeks to determine the price that a Fund might reasonably expect to receive from the current sale of that asset in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what the Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. While fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that BlackRock deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third-party valuation models, fair value represents only a good faith approximation of the value of a security. The fair value of one or more securities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining a Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued by BlackRock (pursuant to Board-adopted procedures) at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders and BlackRock receiving additional revenue.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, a Fund may invest all or some of its short-term cash investments in any money market fund or similarly-managed private fund advised or managed by BlackRock. In connection with any such investments,
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a Fund, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, may pay its share of expenses of a money market fund in which it invests, which may result in a Fund bearing some additional expenses.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their directors, officers and employees, may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and may have conflicts of interest with respect to investments made on behalf of a Fund. As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by directors, officers, employees and Affiliates of BlackRock that are the same, different from or made at different times than positions taken for the Fund. To lessen the possibility that a Fund will be adversely affected by this personal trading, the Fund, BFA and BlackRock each has adopted a code of ethics in compliance with Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the Fund's portfolio transactions. Each code of ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Each code of ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by e-mail at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-1520.
BlackRock and its Affiliates will not purchase securities or other property from, or sell securities or other property to, a Fund, except that the Fund may in accordance with rules adopted under the 1940 Act engage in transactions with accounts that are affiliated with the Fund as a result of common officers, directors, or investment advisers or pursuant to exemptive orders granted to the Funds and/or BlackRock by the SEC. These transactions would be effected in circumstances in which BlackRock determined that it would be appropriate for a Fund to purchase and another client of BlackRock to sell, or the Fund to sell and another client of BlackRock to purchase, the same security or instrument on the same day. From time to time, the activities of a Fund may be restricted because of regulatory requirements applicable to BlackRock or its Affiliates and/or BlackRock's internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such requirements. A client not advised by BlackRock would not be subject to some of those considerations. There may be periods when BlackRock may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, or may otherwise restrict or limit their advice in certain securities or instruments issued by or related to companies for which an Affiliate is performing investment banking, market making or other services or has proprietary positions. For example, when an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of, or advisory services for, a company, the Funds may be prohibited from or limited in purchasing or selling securities of that company. Similar situations could arise if personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates serve as directors of companies the securities of which the Funds wish to purchase or sell. However, if permitted by applicable law, the Funds may purchase securities or instruments that are issued by such companies or are the subject of an underwriting, distribution, or advisory assignment by an Affiliate, or in cases in which personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates are directors or officers of the issuer.
The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and for client accounts may also limit the investment strategies and rights of the Funds. For example, in certain regulated industries, in certain emerging or international markets, in corporate and regulatory ownership definitions, and in certain futures and derivative transactions, there may be limits on the aggregate amount of investment by affiliated investors that may not be exceeded without the grant of a license or other regulatory or corporate consent or, if exceeded, may cause BlackRock, the Funds or other client accounts to suffer disadvantages or business restrictions.
If certain aggregate ownership thresholds are reached or certain transactions undertaken, the ability of BlackRock on behalf of clients (including the Funds) to purchase or dispose of investments, or exercise rights or undertake business transactions, may be restricted by regulation or otherwise impaired. As a result, BlackRock, on behalf of clients (including the Funds), may limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict or limit the exercise of rights (including voting rights) when BlackRock, in its sole discretion, deems it appropriate in light of potential regulatory or other restrictions on ownership or other consequences resulting from reaching investment thresholds.
In those circumstances where ownership thresholds or limitations must be observed, BlackRock seeks to allocate limited investment opportunities equitably among clients (including the Funds), taking into consideration benchmark weight and investment strategy. When ownership in certain securities nears an applicable threshold, BlackRock may limit purchases in such securities to the issuer's weighting in the applicable benchmark used by BlackRock to manage a Fund. If client (including Fund) holdings of an issuer exceed an applicable threshold and BlackRock is unable to obtain relief to enable the
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continued holding of such investments, it may be necessary to sell down these positions to meet the applicable limitations. In these cases, benchmark overweight positions will be sold prior to benchmark positions being reduced to meet applicable limitations.
In addition to the foregoing, other ownership thresholds may trigger reporting requirements to governmental and regulatory authorities, and such reports may entail the disclosure of the identity of a client or BlackRock’s intended strategy with respect to such security or asset.
To the extent permitted by applicable laws, BlackRock and its Affiliates may maintain securities indexes as part of their product offerings. Index based funds seek to track the performance of securities indexes and may use the name of the index in the fund name. Index providers, including BlackRock and its Affiliates may be paid licensing fees for use of their index or index name. BlackRock and its Affiliates will not be obligated to license their indexes to BlackRock, and BlackRock cannot be assured that the terms of any index licensing agreement with BlackRock and its Affiliates will be as favorable as those terms offered to other index licensees.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may serve as Authorized Participants in the creation and redemption of exchange-traded funds, including funds advised by Affiliates of BlackRock. As described in greater detail in the Creations and Redemptions section of each Prospectus, BlackRock and its Affiliates may therefore be deemed to be participants in a distribution of iShares funds that could render them statutory underwriters.
BlackRock may enter into contractual arrangements with third party service providers to a Fund (e.g., custodians, administrators) pursuant to which BlackRock receives fee discounts or concessions in recognition of BlackRock’s overall relationship with such service providers. To the extent that BlackRock is responsible for paying these service providers out of its management fee, the benefits of any such fee discounts or concessions may accrue, in whole or in part, to BlackRock. BlackRock will disclose any material benefits it receives as a result of such fee discounts or concessions to each Fund’s Board.
Present and future activities of BlackRock and its Affiliates, including BFA, in addition to those described in this section, may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services
Investment Adviser.  BFA serves as investment adviser to each Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, and BFA. BFA is a California corporation indirectly owned by BlackRock, Inc. and is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Under the investment advisory agreement, BFA, subject to the supervision of the Board and in conformity with the stated investment policies of each Fund, manages and administers the Trust and the investment of each Fund’s assets. BFA is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and providing continuous supervision of the investment portfolio of each Fund.
BFA is responsible, under the investment advisory agreement, for substantially all expenses of the Funds, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. BFA is not responsible for, and the Funds will bear the cost of, interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses and other expenses connected with the execution of portfolio securities transactions, distribution fees and extraordinary expenses.
Effective July 1, 2013, for its investment advisory services to the iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from the iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF corresponding to the iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF and the iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF (“Combined Funds”). The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows:
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee
for the iShares J.P. Morgan USD
Emerging Markets Bond ETF
First $19 billion 0.6000%
Greater than $19 billion – Up to $33 billion 0.5700%
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Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee
for the iShares J.P. Morgan USD
Emerging Markets Bond ETF
Greater than $33 billion – Up to $58 billion 0.5415%
Greater than $58 billion 0.5145%
Each reduced management fee level set forth in the fee schedule above reflects a 5% reduction (rounded to the fourth decimal place) from the management fee at the prior Combined Fund asset level.
Effective July 1, 2013, for its investment advisory services to the iShares TIPS Bond ETF, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from the iShares TIPS Bond ETF corresponding to the iShares TIPS Bond ETF’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF, iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF, iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF, iShares MBS ETF, iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF, iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF, iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF, iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF, and the iShares TIPS Bond ETF (“Combined Funds”). The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows:
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee
for the iShares TIPS Bond ETF
First $121 billion 0.2000%
Greater than $121 billion - Up to $211 billion 0.1900%
Greater than $211 billion 0.1805%
Each reduced management fee level set forth in the fee schedule above reflects a 5% reduction (rounded to the fourth decimal place) from the management fee at the prior Combined Fund asset level.
For its investment advisory services to each Fund, BFA is paid a management fee at the annual rates (as a percentage of such Fund's average net assets) set forth below for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2013.
The following tables set forth the management fees paid by each Fund to BFA for the fiscal years noted:
Fund 1   Management
Fee
  Fund
Inception

Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Period Ended
Oct. 31, 20111
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
Feb. 28, 2011
iShares 1-3 Year
International Treasury Bond ETF
  0.35%   01/21/09   $614,166   $611,365   $417,344   $402,489
iShares International
Treasury Bond ETF
  0.35%   01/21/09   1,453,189   1,066,779   560,352   509,158
iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging
Markets Bond ETF
  0.60%   12/17/07   32,442,567   26,723,419   11,496,058   11,239,680
iShares TIPS Bond ETF   0.20%   12/04/03   37,642,943   45,364,626   27,719,474   40,209,060

1 Each Fund's fiscal year-end was changed from February 28 to October 31.
    
Fund   Management
Fee
  Fund Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2011
iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF1, 2   0.50%   10/15/13   $ 5,480   N/A   N/A
iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF1   0.15%   10/15/13   658   N/A   N/A
iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF3   0.20%   12/01/10   1,061,853   $624,375   $224,528
iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF   0.15%   02/14/12   543,566   46,626   N/A
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Fund   Management
Fee
  Fund Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2011
iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF   0.55%   04/24/12   57,257   28,891   N/A
iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF   0.30%   04/24/12   52,934   16,169   N/A
iShares CMBS ETF   0.25%   02/14/12   161,404   58,549   N/A
iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF 4   0.12%   10/18/12   41,564   1,066   N/A
iShares Financials Bond ETF   0.30%   02/14/12   31,310   21,758   N/A
iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF   0.20%   06/14/11   3,185,678   310,472   36,165
iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   0.40%   05/18/11   108,578   61,256   20,905
iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF5, 6   0.25%   02/14/12   58,423   11,506   N/A
iShares Industrials Bond ETF   0.30%   02/14/12   47,537   28,259   N/A
iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   0.40%   05/18/11   417,316   213,808   27,132
iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF   0.15%   02/14/12   160,743   365,594   N/A
iShares Utilities Bond ETF   0.30%   02/14/12   30,099   21,589   N/A

1 Compensation reported is from the Fund’s inception to October 31, 2013.
2 For the iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF, BFA has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fees in order to limit the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to 0.30% of the average daily net assets until February 29, 2016. The contractual waiver may be terminated prior to February 29, 2016 only upon written agreement of the Trust and BFA.
3 For the iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF, BFA has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fees in order to limit the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to 0.10% of the average daily net assets until February 29, 2016. The contractual waiver may be terminated prior to February 29, 2016 only upon written agreement of the Trust and BFA.
4 For the iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF, BFA has contractually agreed to waive its management fees in an amount equal to Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses attributable to the iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF’s investment in other registered investment companies advised by BFA, or its affiliate through February 29, 2016. The contractual waiver may be terminated prior to February 29, 2016 only upon written agreement of the Trust and BFA.
5 Effective June 12, 2014, the management fee for the iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF is 0.15%.
6 For the iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF, BFA has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fees in an amount equal to Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses attributable to the iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF's investment in other registered investment companies December 31, 2015. The contractual waiver may be terminated prior to December 31, 2015 only upon written agreement of the Trust and BFA. BFA intends to voluntarily waive any additional portion of its management fees necessary to limit the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to 0.20% of average daily net assets. BFA may voluntarily waive a portion of its management fee, as it determines from time to time; the aforementioned management fee does not reflect such waivers or reimbursements. This voluntary waiver may be reduced or discontinued at any time without notice. Any such voluntary waiver or reimbursement may be eliminated by BFA at any time. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2013, BFA waived $19,838 of its management fees.
Investment Sub-Adviser.  Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement between BFA and the Trust entered into on behalf of the Funds, BFA may from time to time, in its sole discretion, to the extent permitted by applicable law, appoint one or more sub-advisers, including, without limitation, affiliates of BFA, to perform investment advisory services with respect to the Funds. In addition, BFA may delegate certain of its investment advisory functions under the Investment Advisory Agreement to one or more of its affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law. BFA may terminate any or all sub-advisers or such delegation arrangements in its sole discretion at any time to the extent permitted by applicable law.
BFA has entered into an investment sub-advisory agreement (the “Sub-Advisory Agreement” and together with the Investment Advisory Agreement, the “Advisory Agreements”) with the Sub-Adviser with respect to the iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF, iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF and iShares International Treasury Bond ETF. The Sub-Adviser is an investment adviser located in the United Kingdom. The Sub-Adviser is an affiliate of BFA and is a registered investment adviser and a commodity pool operator organized in 1999. As of December 31, 2013, the Sub-Adviser’s total assets under management were approximately $25.2 billion.
Under the Sub-Advisory Agreement, subject to the supervision and oversight of the Board and BFA, the Sub-Adviser is primarily responsible for execution of securities transactions outside the U.S. and Canada and may, from time to time, participate in the management of specified assets in each of the iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF's, iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF's, iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF's and iShares International Treasury Bond ETF's portfolio.
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Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, BFA pays the Sub-Adviser for services it provides either: (i) a fee equal to a percentage of the management fee paid to BFA under the Investment Advisory Agreement, or (ii) an amount based on the cost of the services provided. If the Sub-Adviser provides services relating to both portfolio management and trading, it is entitled to receive, from BFA, an amount equal to 20% of BFA’s management fee, and if the Sub-Adviser provides services related solely to trading, then it is entitled to receive, from BFA, an amount equal to 110% of the actual pre-tax costs incurred by the Sub-Adviser. The Sub-Adviser may be responsible for the day-to-day management of the iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF, iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF and iShares International Treasury Bond ETF or portions of the Funds.
Unless earlier terminated as described below, each Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for an initial two year period and from year to year if approved annually (a) by the Board or by a vote of a majority of the applicable Fund's outstanding voting securities and (b) by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to such agreement or interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party.
Each Advisory Agreement with respect to each Fund is terminable without penalty, on 60 days' notice, by the Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
Portfolio Managers.  As of October 31, 2013, the individuals named as Portfolio Managers in each Fund’s Prospectus were also primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of other iShares funds and certain other types of portfolios and/or accounts as follows:
James Mauro        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   50   $117,000,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   16   $ 17,300,000,000
Other Accounts   9   $ 13,300,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   1   $ 1,000,000,000
    
Scott Radell        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   56   $124,000,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   4   $ 3,000,000,000
Other Accounts   5   $ 2,800,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   2   $ 1,700,000,000
Each of the portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management seeks to track the rate of return, risk profile and other characteristics of independent third-party indexes by either replicating the same combination of securities that compose those indexes or through a representative sampling of the securities that compose those indexes based on objective criteria and data. Pursuant to BFA policy, investment opportunities are allocated equitably among the Funds and other portfolios and accounts. For example, under certain circumstances, an investment opportunity may be restricted due to limited supply in the market, legal constraints or other factors, in which event the investment opportunity will be allocated equitably among those portfolios and accounts, including the Funds, seeking such investment opportunity. As a consequence, from time to time the Funds may receive a smaller allocation of an investment opportunity than they would have if the Portfolio Managers and BFA and its affiliates did not manage other portfolios or accounts.
Like the Funds, the other portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management generally pay an asset-based fee to BFA or its affiliates, as applicable, for its advisory services. One or more of those other portfolios or accounts, however, may pay BFA an incentive-based fee in lieu of, or in addition to, an asset-based fee for its advisory services. A portfolio or account with an incentive-based fee would pay BFA a portion of that portfolio's or account's gains, or would pay BFA more for its services than would otherwise be the case if BFA meets or exceeds specified performance targets. By their very nature, incentive-based fee arrangements could present an incentive for BFA or any of its affiliates to devote greater resources, and allocate more investment opportunities, to the portfolios or accounts that have those fee arrangements, relative to other portfolios or accounts, in order to earn larger fees. Although BFA
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and its affiliates have an obligation to allocate resources and opportunities equitably among portfolios and accounts and intends to do so, shareholders of the Funds should be aware that, as with any group of portfolios and accounts managed by an investment adviser and/or its affiliates pursuant to varying fee arrangements, including incentive-based fee arrangements, there is the potential for a conflict-of-interest, that may result in the Portfolio Managers' favoring those portfolios or accounts with incentive-based fee arrangements.
The tables below show, for each Portfolio Manager, the number of portfolios or accounts of the types set forth in the above tables and the aggregate of total assets in those portfolios or accounts with respect to which the investment management fees are based on the performance of those portfolios or accounts as of October 31, 2013:
James Mauro        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with Performance
Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   1   $1,000,000,000
    
Scott Radell        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with Performance
Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   1   $1,100,000,000
Other Accounts   1   $600,000,000
The discussion below describes the Portfolio Managers' compensation as of October 31, 2013.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Overview
BlackRock, Inc.'s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a performance-based discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock, Inc.
Base compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm.
Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, Inc., the performance of the portfolio manager's group within BlackRock, Inc. and the individual's performance and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock, Inc.
Distribution of Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash and BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units which vest ratably over a number of years. The BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units, if properly vested, will be settled in BlackRock, Inc. common stock. Typically, the cash bonus, when combined with base salary, represents more than 60% of total compensation for the portfolio managers. Paying a portion of annual bonuses in stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year “at risk” based on BlackRock, Inc.'s ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods.
Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards — From time to time, long-term incentive equity awards are granted to certain key employees to aid in retention, align their interests with long-term shareholder interests and motivate performance. Equity awards are generally granted in the form of BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units that, once vested, settle in BlackRock, Inc. common stock.
Other Compensation Benefits. In addition to base compensation and discretionary incentive compensation, portfolio managers may be eligible to receive or participate in one or more of the following:
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Incentive Savings Plans — BlackRock, Inc. has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock, Inc. employees are eligible to participate, including a 401(k) plan, the BlackRock Retirement Savings Plan (“RSP”), and the BlackRock Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The employer contribution components of the RSP include a company match equal to 50% of the first 8% of eligible pay contributed to the plan capped at $5,000 per year, and a company retirement contribution equal to 3-5% of eligible compensation up to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) limit ($255,000 for 2013). The RSP offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies and collective investment funds managed by the firm. BlackRock, Inc. contributions follow the investment direction set by participants for their own contributions or, absent participant investment direction, are invested into an index target date fund that corresponds to, or is closest to, the year in which the participant attains age 65. The ESPP allows for investment in BlackRock, Inc. common stock at a 5% discount on the fair market value of the stock on the purchase date. Annual participation in the ESPP is limited to the purchase of 1,000 shares of common stock or a dollar value of $25,000 based on its fair market value on the Purchase Date. James Mauro and Scott Radell are each eligible to participate in these plans.
As of October 31, 2013, the Portfolio Managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Funds.
Codes of Ethics.  The Trust, BFA, the Sub-Adviser and the Distributor have adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The codes of ethics permit personnel subject to the codes of ethics to invest in securities, subject to certain limitations, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements.  The Funds are subject to the USA PATRIOT Act (the “Patriot Act”). The Patriot Act is intended to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system in furtherance of money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities. Pursuant to requirements under the Patriot Act, a Fund may request information from Authorized Participants to enable it to form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its Authorized Participants. This information will be used to verify the identity of Authorized Participants or, in some cases, the status of financial professionals; it will be used only for compliance with the requirements of the Patriot Act.
The Funds reserve the right to reject purchase orders from persons who have not submitted information sufficient to allow the Fund to verify their identity. Each Fund also reserves the right to redeem any amounts in a Fund from persons whose identity it is unable to verify on a timely basis. It is the Funds' policy to cooperate fully with appropriate regulators in any investigations conducted with respect to potential money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) serves as administrator, custodian and transfer agent for the Funds under the Master Services Agreement and related Service Schedule (the “Service Module”). State Street’s principal address is 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116. Pursuant to the Service Module for Fund Administration and Accounting Services with the Trust, State Street provides necessary administrative, legal, tax and accounting and financial reporting services for the maintenance and operations of the Trust and each Fund. In addition, State Street makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services. Pursuant to the Service Module for Custodial Services with the Trust, State Street maintains, in separate accounts, cash, securities and other assets of the Trust and each Fund, keeps all necessary accounts and records and provides other services. State Street is required, upon the order of the Trust, to deliver securities held by State Street and to make payments for securities purchased by the Trust for each Fund. State Street is authorized to appoint certain foreign custodians or foreign custody managers for Fund investments outside the United States. Pursuant to the Service Module for Transfer Agency Services with the Trust, State Street acts as a transfer agent for each Fund’s authorized and issued shares of beneficial interest, and as dividend disbursing agent of the Trust. As compensation for these services, State Street receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by BFA from its management fee.
The following table sets forth the administration, custodian and transfer agency expenses of each Fund paid by BFA to State Street for the fiscal years noted:
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Fund 1   Fund
Inception
Date
  Custody,
Administration &
Transfer Agency
Expenses Paid
During Fiscal
Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2013
  Custody,
Administration &
Transfer Agency
Expenses Paid
During Fiscal
Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2012
  Custody,
Administration &
Transfer Agency
Expenses Paid
During Fiscal
Period Ended
Oct. 31, 20111
  Custody,
Administration &
Transfer Agency
Expenses Paid
During Fiscal
Year Ended
Feb. 28, 2011
iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF   01/21/09   $ 27,041   32,460   22,827   20,962
iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   01/21/09   45,113   52,936   28,547   26,949
iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   12/17/07   595,384   518,695   220,854   213,031
iShares TIPS Bond ETF   12/04/03   514,975   $764,762   $ 567,582   $897,900

1 Each Fund's fiscal year-end was changed from February 28 to October 31.
    
Fund   Fund Inception Date   Custody,
Administration &
Transfer Agency
Expenses Paid
During Fiscal
Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2013
  Custody,
Administration &
Transfer Agency
Expenses Paid
During Fiscal
Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2012
  Custody,
Administration &
Transfer Agency
Expenses Paid
During Fiscal
Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2011
iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   10/15/13   $ 507   N/A   N/A
iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   10/15/13   438   N/A   N/A
iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF   12/01/10   19,539   $ 15,558   $ 5,708
iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF   02/14/12   22,838   5,649   N/A
iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF   04/24/12   7,793   3,353   N/A
iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF   04/24/12   11,553   3,856   N/A
iShares CMBS ETF   02/14/12   6,542   2,086   N/A
iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF   10/18/12   9,045   520   N/A
iShares Financials Bond ETF   02/14/12   5,156   2,916   N/A
iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF   06/14/11   51,229   10,384   1,945
iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   05/18/11   14,444   7,255   5,891
iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF   02/14/12   5,993   2,697   N/A
iShares Industrials Bond ETF   02/14/12   8,478   3,840   N/A
iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   05/18/11   47,289   28,020   10,801
iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF   02/14/12   4,593   8,672   N/A
iShares Utilities Bond ETF   02/14/12   4,032   2,420   N/A
Distributor.  The Distributor's principal address is 1 University Square Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Funds through the Distributor or its agent only in Creation Units, as described in the applicable Prospectus and below in the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Fund shares in amounts less than Creation Units are generally not distributed by the Distributor or its agent. The Distributor or its agent will arrange for the delivery of the applicable Prospectus and, upon request, this SAI to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it or its agents and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it or its agents. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
The Distribution Agreement for each Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on at least 60 days' prior written notice to the other party following (i) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the relevant Fund. The Distribution Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
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The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Fund shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as defined below), DTC participants and/or investor services organizations.
BFA or its affiliates may, from time to time and from its own resources, pay, defray or absorb costs relating to distribution, including payments out of its own resources to the Distributor, or to otherwise promote the sale of shares.
The Distributor has served as the Funds' distributor since April 1, 2012. Prior to that date, SEI Investments Distribution Co. (“SEI”), located at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, PA 19456, served as the distributor to the Funds. The following table sets forth the compensation paid by BFA to SEI for certain services, not primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares, provided to each Fund during the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fund
Inception

Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid
During
Fiscal Period Ended
Oct. 31, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid
From
Apr. 1, 2012 to
Oct. 31, 20121
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid
From
Nov. 1, 2011
to Mar. 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid
During
Fiscal Period
Ended
Oct. 31, 20113
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid
During
Fiscal Year
Ended
Feb. 28, 2011
iShares TIPS Bond ETF   12/04/03   $8,663   $4,403   $3,355   $7,859   $ 11,170
iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   12/17/07   8,663   4,403   3,355   7,859   11,170
iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF   01/21/09   8,663   4,403   3,355   7,859   11,170
iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   01/21/09   8,663   4,403   3,355   7,859   11,170

1 BRIL serves as the distributor to the Funds effective April 1, 2012. These fees reflect payments made to SEI, acting as an agent of the Distributor.
2 SEI served as the distributor to the Funds through March 31, 2012.
3
Each Fund's fiscal year-end was changed from February 28 to October 31.
Fund   Fund Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Period Ended

Oct. 31, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
Apr. 1, 2012 to

Oct. 31, 20121
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
Nov. 1, 2011 to
Mar. 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid
During
Fiscal Year
Ended
Oct. 31, 2011
iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   10/15/13   $ 739   N/A   N/A   N/A
iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   10/15/13   739   N/A   N/A   N/A
iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF   12/01/10   8,663   $4,403   $3,355   $10,770
iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF   02/14/12   8,663   4,403   1,712   N/A
iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF   04/24/12   8,663   4,403   N/A   N/A
iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF   04/24/12   8,663   4,403   N/A   N/A
iShares CMBS ETF   02/14/12   8,663   4,403   1,712   N/A
iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF   10/18/12   8,663   559   N/A   N/A
iShares Financials Bond ETF   02/14/12   8,663   4,403   1,712   N/A
iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF   06/14/11   8,663   4,403   3,355   4,782
iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   05/18/11   8,663   4,403   3,355   5,828
iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF   02/14/12   8,663   4,403   1,712   N/A
iShares Industrials Bond ETF   02/14/12   8,663   4,403   1,712   N/A
iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   05/18/11   8,663   4,403   3,355   5,828
iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF   02/14/12   8,663   4,403   1,712   N/A
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Fund   Fund Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Period Ended

Oct. 31, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
Apr. 1, 2012 to

Oct. 31, 20121
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
Nov. 1, 2011 to
Mar. 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid
During
Fiscal Year
Ended
Oct. 31, 2011
iShares Utilities Bond ETF   02/14/12   8,663   4,403   1,712   N/A

1 BRIL serves as the distributor to the Funds effective April 1, 2012. These fees reflect payments made to SEI, acting as an agent of the Distributor.
2 SEI served as the distributor to the Funds through March 31, 2012.
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates. BFA and/or its affiliates (“BFA Entities”) pay certain broker-dealers, registered investment advisers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Funds, other iShares funds or exchange-traded products in general. BFA Entities make these payments from their own assets and not from the assets of the Funds. Although a portion of BFA Entities’ revenue comes directly or indirectly in part from fees paid by the Funds and other iShares funds, these payments do not increase the price paid by investors for the purchase of shares of, or the cost of owning, the Funds or other iShares funds. BFA Entities make payments for Intermediaries’ participation in activities that are designed to make registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Funds, or for other activities, such as participation in marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems (“Education Costs”). BFA Entities also make payments to Intermediaries for certain printing, publishing and mailing costs associated with the Funds or materials relating to exchange-traded products in general (“Publishing Costs”). In addition, BFA Entities make payments to Intermediaries that make shares of the Funds and certain other iShares funds available to their clients, develop new products that feature iShares or otherwise promote the Funds and other iShares funds. BFA Entities may also reimburse expenses or make payments from their own assets to Intermediaries or other persons in consideration of services or other activities that the BFA Entities believe may benefit the iShares business or facilitate investment in iShares funds. Payments of the type described above are sometimes referred to as revenue-sharing payments.
Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your salesperson or other investment professional may also be significant for your salesperson or other investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it will recommend or make available to its clients or what services to provide for various products based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments may create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients and these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Funds and other iShares funds over other investments. The same conflicts of interest and financial incentives exist with respect to your salesperson or other investment professional if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.
As of March 1, 2013, BFA Entities have contractual arrangements to make payments (in addition to payments for Education Costs or Publishing Costs) to one Intermediary, Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (“FBS”). Pursuant to this special, long-term and significant arrangement (the “Marketing Program”), FBS and certain affiliates (collectively “Fidelity”) have agreed, among other things, to actively promote iShares funds to customers and investment professionals and in advertising campaigns as the preferred exchange-traded product, to offer certain iShares funds in certain Fidelity platforms and investment programs, in some cases at a reduced commission rate or commission free, and to provide marketing data to BFA Entities. BFA Entities have agreed to facilitate the Marketing Program by, among other things, making certain payments to FBS for marketing and implementing certain brokerage and investment programs. Upon termination of the arrangement, the BFA Entities will make additional payments to FBS based upon a number of criteria, including the overall success of the Marketing Program and the level of services provided by FBS during the wind-down period.
Any additions, modifications, or deletions to Intermediaries listed above that have occurred since the date noted above are not included in the list. Further, BFA Entities make Education Costs and Publishing Costs payments to other Intermediaries that are not listed above. BFA Entities may determine to make such payments based on any number of metrics. For example, BFA Entities may make payments at year-end or other intervals in a fixed amount, an amount based upon an Intermediary’s services at defined levels or an amount based on the Intermediary’s net sales of one or more iShares funds in a year or other period, any of which arrangements may include an agreed-upon minimum or maximum payment, or any combination of the foregoing. As of the date of this SAI, BFA anticipates that the payments paid by BFA Entities in connection with the Funds,
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iShares funds and exchange-traded products in general will be immaterial to BFA Entities in the aggregate for the next year. Please contact your salesperson or other investment professional for more information regarding any such payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the BFA Entities to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy shares of iShares funds.
The Funds may participate in certain market maker incentive programs of a national securities exchange in which an affiliate of the Funds would pay a fee to the exchange used for the purpose of incentivizing one or more market makers in the securities of a Fund to enhance the liquidity and quality of the secondary market of securities of a Fund. The fee would then be credited by the exchange to one or more market makers that meet or exceed liquidity and market quality standards with respect to the securities of a Fund. Each market maker incentive program is subject to approval from the SEC. Any such fee payments made to an exchange will be made by an affiliate of a Fund solely for the benefit of a Fund and will not be paid from any Fund assets.
Determination of Net Asset Value
Valuation of Shares. The NAV for a Fund is generally calculated as of the close of regular trading hours on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each business day the NYSE is open. Valuation of securities held by a Fund is as follows:
Equity Investments. Equity securities traded on a recognized securities exchange (e.g., NYSE), separate trading boards of a securities exchange or through a market system that provides contemporaneous transaction pricing information (an “Exchange”) are valued using information obtained via independent pricing services, generally the Exchange closing price, or if an Exchange closing price is not available, the last traded price on that Exchange prior to the time as of which a Fund’s assets or liabilities are valued. However, under certain circumstances other means of determining current market value may be used. If an equity security is traded on more than one Exchange, the current market value of the security where it is primarily traded generally will be used. In the event that there are no sales involving an equity security held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such security, the prior day’s price will be used, unless, in accordance with valuation procedures approved by a Fund’s Board (the “Valuation Procedures”), BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the security, in which case such asset would be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below).
Fixed Income Investments. In accordance with the Valuation Procedures, fixed income securities for which market quotations are readily available are generally valued using such securities’ most recent bid prices provided directly from one or more broker-dealers, market makers, or independent third-party pricing services, each of which may use matrix pricing and valuation models, as well as recent market transactions for the same or similar assets to derive values. The amortized cost method of valuation may be used with respect to debt obligations with sixty days or less remaining to maturity unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such method does not represent fair value. Loan participation notes are generally valued at the mean of the last available bid prices from one or more brokers or dealers as obtained from independent third-party pricing services. Certain fixed income investments, including asset-backed and mortgage-related securities, may be valued based on valuation models that consider the estimated cash flows of each tranche of the entity, establish a benchmark yield and develop an estimated tranche specific spread to the benchmark yield based on the unique attributes of the tranche. Fixed income securities for which market quotations are not readily available may be valued by third-party pricing services that make a valuation determination by securing transaction data (e.g., recent representative bids), credit quality information, perceived market movements, news, and other relevant information and by other methods, which may include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from dealers; and general market conditions.
Options, Futures, Swaps and Other Derivatives. Exchange-traded equity options for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices as quoted on the Exchange or the board of trade on which such options are traded. In the event that there is no mean price available for an exchange traded equity option held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such option, the last bid (long positions) or ask (short positions) price, if available, will be used as the value of such option. If no such bid or ask price is available on a day on which a Fund values such option, the prior day’s price will be used, unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the option in which case such option will be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below). Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives may be valued using a mathematical model which may incorporate a number of market data factors. Financial
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futures contracts and options thereon, which are traded on exchanges, are valued at their settle price as of the close of such exchanges. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
Underlying Funds. Shares of underlying exchange-traded funds will be valued at their most recent closing price on an Exchange. Shares of underlying money market funds will be valued at their net asset value.
General Valuation Information. In determining the market value of portfolio investments, a Fund may employ independent third-party pricing services, which may use, without limitation, a matrix or formula method that takes into consideration market indexes, matrices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. This may result in the securities being valued at a price different from the price that would have been determined had the matrix or formula method not been used. All cash, receivables and current payables are carried on a Fund’s books at their face value.
Prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services, broker-dealers or market makers to value a Fund’s securities and other assets and liabilities are based on information available at the time a Fund values its assets and liabilities. In the event that a pricing service quotation is revised or updated subsequent to the day on which the Fund valued such security or other asset or liability, the revised pricing service quotation generally will be applied prospectively. Such determination will be made considering pertinent facts and circumstances surrounding the revision.
Certain types of securities, including many fixed income securities, trade infrequently and there may be no current market transactions or recent representative bids for such securities. To the extent that prices for such securities are not reflective of current market transactions or recent representative bids, a Fund will value such securities in good faith in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
In the event that application of the methods of valuation discussed above result in a price for a security which is deemed not to be representative of the fair market value of such security, the security will be valued by, under the direction of or in accordance with a method specified by a Fund’s Board as reflecting fair value. All other assets and liabilities (including securities for which market quotations are not readily available) held by a Fund (including restricted securities) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by a Fund’s Board or by BlackRock (its delegate) pursuant to the Valuation Procedures. Any assets and liabilities which are denominated in a foreign currency are converted into U.S. dollars at the prevailing rates of exchange at such times as may be determined by a Fund from time to time.
Certain of the securities acquired by a Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges or over-the-counter markets on days on which a Fund’s net asset value is not calculated. In such cases, the net asset value of a Fund’s shares may be significantly affected on days when investors can neither purchase nor redeem shares of a Fund.
Use of fair value prices and certain current market valuations could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate a Fund’s NAV and the prices used in the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between a Fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Fair Value. When market quotations are not readily available or are believed in good faith by BlackRock to be unreliable, a Fund’s investments are valued at fair value (“Fair Value Assets”). Fair Value Assets are valued by BlackRock in accordance with the Valuation Procedures. BlackRock may reasonably conclude that a market quotation is not readily available or is unreliable if, among other things, a security or other asset or liability does not have a price source due to its lack of trading, if BlackRock believes in good faith that a market quotation from a broker-dealer or other source is unreliable (e.g., where it varies significantly from a recent trade, or no longer reflects the fair value of the security or other asset or liability subsequent to the most recent market quotation), where the security or other asset or liability is only thinly traded or due to the occurrence of a significant event subsequent to the most recent market quotation. For this purpose, a “significant event” is deemed to occur if BlackRock determines, in its reasonable business judgment, that an event has occurred after the close of trading for an asset or liability but prior to or at the time of pricing a Fund’s assets or liabilities, and that the event is likely to cause a material change to the closing market price of the assets or liabilities held by a Fund. Non-U.S. securities whose values are affected by volatility that occurs in U.S. markets for related or highly correlated assets (e.g., American Depositary Receipts, Global Depositary Receipts or ETFs) on a trading day after the close of non-U.S. securities markets may be fair valued. On any date the NYSE is open and a foreign market or the primary exchange on which a foreign asset or liability is traded is closed, such asset or liability will be valued using the prior day’s price, provided that BlackRock is not aware of any significant event or other information that would cause such price to no longer reflect the fair value of the asset or liability, in which case such asset or liability would be treated as a Fair Value Asset.
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BlackRock, with input from the BlackRock Investment Strategy Group, will submit its recommendations regarding the valuation and/or valuation methodologies for Fair Value Assets to BlackRock’s Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee may accept, modify or reject any recommendations. In addition, a Fund’s accounting agent periodically endeavors to confirm the prices it receives from all third-party pricing services, index providers and broker-dealers, and, with the assistance of BlackRock, to regularly evaluate the values assigned to the securities and other assets and liabilities held by a Fund. The pricing of all Fair Value Assets is subsequently reported to and, where appropriate, ratified by the Board.
When determining the price for a Fair Value Asset, the BlackRock Valuation Committee (or BlackRock’s Pricing Group) will seek to determine the price that a Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of that asset or liability in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what a Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. Fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that the Valuation Committee (or Pricing Group) deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third party valuation models.
Fair value represents a good faith approximation of the value of an asset or liability. When determining fair value of an asset, one or more of a variety of fair valuation methodologies may be used (depending on factors including the asset type). For example, the asset may be priced on the basis of the original cost of the investment or, alternatively, using proprietary or third-party models (including models that rely upon direct portfolio management pricing inputs and which reflect the significance attributed to the various factors and assumptions being considered). Prices of actual, executed or historical transactions in the relevant asset and/or liability (or related or comparable assets and/or liabilities) or, where appropriate, an appraisal by a third party experienced in the valuation of similar assets and/or liabilities, may also be used as a basis for establishing the fair value of an asset or liability. The fair value of one or more assets or liabilities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets or liabilities could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining a Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
Each Fund’s annual audited financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), follow the requirements for valuation set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), which defines and establishes a framework for measuring fair value under US GAAP and expands financial statement disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements. Generally, ASC 820 and other accounting rules applicable to funds and various assets in which they invest are evolving. Such changes may adversely affect a Fund. For example, the evolution of rules governing the determination of the fair market value of assets or liabilities to the extent such rules become more stringent would tend to increase the cost and/or reduce the availability of third-party determinations of fair market value. This may in turn increase the costs associated with selling assets or affect their liquidity due to a Fund’s inability to obtain a third-party determination of fair market value.
Brokerage Transactions
Subject to policies established by the Board, BFA is primarily responsible for the execution of a Fund’s portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage. BFA does not execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer, but seeks to obtain the best net results for the Funds, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, operational facilities of the firm and the firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. While BFA generally seeks reasonable trade execution costs, a Fund does not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available, and payment of the lowest commission or spread is not necessarily consistent with obtaining the best price and execution in particular transactions. Subject to applicable legal requirements, BFA may select a broker based partly upon brokerage or research services provided to BFA and its clients, including a Fund. In return for such services, BFA may cause a Fund to pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if BFA determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
In selecting brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, BFA seeks to obtain the best price and most favorable execution for a Fund and may take into account a variety of factors including: (i) the size, nature and character of the security or instrument being traded and the markets in which it is purchased or sold; (ii) the desired timing of the transaction; (iii)
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BFA’s knowledge of the expected commission rates and spreads currently available; (iv) the activity existing and expected in the market for the particular security or instrument, including any anticipated execution difficulties; (v) the full range of brokerage services provided; (vi) the broker’s or dealer’s capital; (vii) the quality of research and research services provided; (viii) the reasonableness of the commission, dealer spread or its equivalent for the specific transaction; and (ix) BFA’s knowledge of any actual or apparent operational problems of a broker or dealer. Brokers may also be selected because of their ability to handle special or difficult executions, such as may be involved in large block trades, less liquid securities, or other circumstances.
Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act (“Section 28(e)”) permits an investment adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause an account to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction that exceeds the amount another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the same transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by that broker or dealer. This includes commissions paid on riskless principal transactions under certain conditions.
From time to time, a Fund may purchase new issues of securities in a fixed price offering. In these situations, the broker may be a member of the selling group that will, in addition to selling securities, provide BFA with research services. FINRA has adopted rules expressly permitting these types of arrangements under certain circumstances. Generally, the broker will provide research “credits” in these situations at a rate that is higher than that available for typical secondary market transactions. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e).
The Funds anticipate that brokerage transactions involving foreign securities generally will be conducted primarily on the principal stock exchanges of the applicable country. Foreign equity securities may be held by the Funds in the form of depositary receipts, or other securities convertible into foreign equity securities. Depositary receipts may be listed on stock exchanges, or traded in over-the-counter markets in the United States or Europe, as the case may be. American Depositary Receipts, like other securities traded in the United States, will be subject to negotiated commission rates.
OTC issues, including most fixed income securities such as corporate debt and U.S. Government securities, are normally traded on a “net” basis without a stated commission, through dealers acting for their own account and not as brokers. The Funds will primarily engage in transactions with these dealers or deal directly with the issuer unless a better price or execution could be obtained by using a broker. Prices paid to a dealer with respect to both foreign and domestic securities will generally include a “spread,” which is the difference between the prices at which the dealer is willing to purchase and sell the specific security at the time, and includes the dealer’s normal profit.
Under the Investment Company Act, persons affiliated with a Fund and persons who are affiliated with such affiliated persons are prohibited from dealing with the Fund as principal in the purchase and sale of securities unless a permissive order allowing such transactions is obtained from the Commission. Since transactions in the OTC market usually involve transactions with the dealers acting as principal for their own accounts, the Funds will not deal with affiliated persons, including PNC and its affiliates, in connection with such transactions. The Funds will not purchase securities during the existence of any underwriting or selling group relating to such securities of which BFA, PNC, BRIL or any affiliated person (as defined in the Investment Company Act) thereof is a member except pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board in accordance with Rule 10f-3 under the 1940 Act.
Purchases of money market instruments by the Funds are made from dealers, underwriters and issuers. The Funds do not currently expect to incur any brokerage commission expense on such transactions because money market instruments are generally traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission. The price of the security, however, usually includes a profit to the dealer.
BFA may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions.
Securities purchased in underwritten offerings include a fixed amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s concession or discount. When securities are purchased or sold directly from or to an issuer, no commissions or discounts are paid.
Investment decisions for the Funds and for other investment accounts managed by BFA and its affiliates are made independently of each other in light of differing conditions. A variety of factors will be considered in making investment
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allocations. These factors include: (i) investment objectives or strategies for particular accounts, including sector, industry, country or region and capitalization weightings; (ii) tax considerations of an account; (iii) risk or investment concentration parameters for an account; (iv) supply or demand for a security at a given price level; (v) size of available investment; (vi) cash availability and liquidity requirements for accounts; (vii) regulatory restrictions; (viii) minimum investment size of an account; (ix) relative size of account; and (x) such other factors as may be approved by BlackRock’s general counsel. Moreover, investments may not be allocated to one client account over another based on any of the following considerations: (i) to favor one client account at the expense of another; (ii) to generate higher fees paid by one client account over another or to produce greater performance compensation to BlackRock; (iii) to develop or enhance a relationship with a client or prospective client; (iv) to compensate a client for past services or benefits rendered to BlackRock or to induce future services or benefits to be rendered to BlackRock; or (v) to manage or equalize investment performance among different client accounts. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest.
Initial public offerings of securities may be over-subscribed and subsequently trade at a premium in the secondary market. When BFA is given an opportunity to invest in such an initial offering or “new” or “hot” issue, the supply of securities available for client accounts is often less than the amount of securities the accounts would otherwise take. In order to allocate these investments fairly and equitably among client accounts over time, each portfolio manager or a member of his or her respective investment team will indicate to BFA’s trading desk their level of interest in a particular offering with respect to eligible clients’ accounts for which that team is responsible. Initial public offerings of U.S. equity securities will be identified as eligible for particular client accounts that are managed by portfolio teams who have indicated interest in the offering based on market capitalization of the issuer of the security and the investment mandate of the client account and in the case of international equity securities, the country where the offering is taking place and the investment mandate of the client account. Generally, shares received during the initial public offering will be allocated among participating client accounts within each investment mandate on a pro rata basis. This pro rata allocation may result in a Fund receiving less of a particular security than if pro-ration had not occurred. All allocations of securities will be subject, where relevant, to share minimums established for accounts and compliance constraints. In situations where supply is too limited to be allocated among all accounts for which the investment is eligible, portfolio managers may rotate such investment opportunities among one or more accounts so long as the rotation system provides for fair access for all client accounts over time. Other allocation methodologies that are considered by BFA to be fair and equitable to clients may be used as well.
Because different accounts may have differing investment objectives and policies, BFA may buy and sell the same securities at the same time for different clients based on the particular investment objective, guidelines and strategies of those accounts. For example, BFA may decide that it may be entirely appropriate for a growth fund to sell a security at the same time a value fund is buying that security. To the extent that transactions on behalf of more than one client of BFA or its affiliates during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price. For example, sales of a security by BlackRock on behalf of one or more of its clients may decrease the market price of such security, adversely impacting other BlackRock clients that still hold the security. If purchases or sales of securities arise for consideration at or about the same time that would involve the Funds or other clients or funds for which BFA or an affiliate act as investment manager, transactions in such securities will be made, insofar as feasible, for the respective funds and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all.
In certain instances, BFA may find it efficient for purposes of seeking to obtain best execution, to aggregate or “bunch” certain contemporaneous purchases or sale orders of its advisory accounts and advisory accounts of affiliates. In general, all contemporaneous trades for client accounts under management by the same portfolio manager or investment team will be bunched in a single order if the trader believes the bunched trade would provide each client with an opportunity to achieve a more favorable execution at a potentially lower execution cost. The costs associated with a bunched order will be shared pro rata among the clients in the bunched order. Generally, if an order for a particular portfolio manager or management team is filled at several different prices through multiple trades, all accounts participating in the order will receive the average price except in the case of certain international markets where average pricing is not permitted. While in some cases this practice could have a detrimental effect upon the price or value of the security as far as the Funds are concerned, in other cases it could be beneficial to the Funds. Transactions effected by BFA or its affiliates on behalf of more than one of its clients during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, causing an adverse effect on price. The trader will give the bunched order to the broker-dealer that the trader has identified as being able to provide the best execution of the order. Orders for purchase or sale of securities will be placed within a reasonable amount of time of the order receipt and bunched orders will be kept bunched only long enough to execute the order.
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There were no brokerage commissions paid on behalf of each Fund for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2013, October 31, 2012, and October 31, 2011.
The following table sets forth the names of the Funds’ “regular” broker-dealers, as defined under Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act, which derive more than 15% of their gross revenues from securities-related activities and in which the Funds invest, together with the market value of each investment as of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2013:
Fund   Issuer   Market Value of
Investment
iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   $ 204,660
iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Citigroup, Inc.   358,714
    J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   357,083
    Bank of America Corp.   352,072
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   325,224
    Morgan Stanley   320,511
    Credit Suisse (USA) Inc.   105,076
    Barclays Bank PLC   103,215
    Royal Bank of Canada   100,545
    Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   76,665
iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF   Bank of America Corp.   11,783,131
    Citigroup, Inc.   11,584,367
    Morgan Stanley   11,427,859
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   10,407,537
    J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   10,050,809
    Royal Bank of Canada   2,617,725
    Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   2,266,735
    Barclays Bank PLC   1,960,887
    Credit Suisse (USA) Inc.   915,689
iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF   Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   95,750
iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF   Bank of America Corp.   245,084
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   134,366
    Citigroup, Inc.   130,773
    Nomura Holdings, Inc.   106,949
    Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   103,277
    Morgan Stanley   74,091
iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF   Bank of America Corp.   640,279
    J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   550,860
    Citigroup, Inc.   502,728
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   493,769
    Morgan Stanley   318,210
    Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   163,220
    Royal Bank of Canada   150,334
    Barclays Bank PLC   102,590
    Credit Suisse (USA) Inc.   63,068
    Nomura Holdings, Inc.   25,092
iShares Financials Bond ETF   Citigroup, Inc.   520,583
    Bank of America Corp.   494,028
    J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   467,092
    Morgan Stanley   465,431
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   245,744
    Barclays Bank PLC   215,798
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Fund   Issuer   Market Value of
Investment
    Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   113,312
    Royal Bank of Canada   101,103
    Nomura Holdings, Inc.   85,147
    Credit Suisse (USA) Inc.   83,628
iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF   J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   199,870,307
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   151,622,341
    Citigroup, Inc.   125,642,248
    Morgan Stanley   121,460,391
    Royal Bank of Canada   99,080,405
    Bank of America Corp.   74,745,007
    Barclays Bank PLC   12,474,253
    Nomura Holdings, Inc.   7,122,171
         
         
The Funds' purchase and sale orders for securities may be combined with those of other investment companies, clients or accounts that BFA or its affiliates manage or advise and for which they have brokerage placement authority. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Funds and one or more other accounts managed or advised by BFA or its affiliates are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the Funds and the other accounts in a manner deemed equitable to all by BFA and its affiliates. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as the Funds are concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower transaction costs will be beneficial to the Funds. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest. BFA and its affiliates may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions. The Funds will not deal with affiliates in principal transactions unless permitted by applicable SEC rules or regulations, or by SEC exemptive order.
Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. Certain Funds may use TBA transactions, which are expected to cause a higher portfolio turnover rate because TBA positions are rolled every month. High turnover rates may result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses. While each Fund's portfolio turnover rates are generally expected to be low, the portfolio turnover rate for that portion of the iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF's assets invested through TBA transactions, if any, is expected to be substantially higher. Higher turnover rates would likely result in comparatively greater transaction costs.
The tables below set forth the portfolio turnover rates of each Fund for the fiscal years noted:
Fund 1   Fiscal Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2013
  Fiscal Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2012
iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   0%   N/A
iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   0%   N/A
iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF   23%   31%
iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF   74%   100%
iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF   15%   5%
iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF   38%   15%
iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF   19%   14%
iShares CMBS ETF   27%   8%
iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF   56%   0%
iShares Financials Bond ETF   21%   18%
iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF   4%   20%
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Fund 1   Fiscal Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2013
  Fiscal Year Ended
Oct. 31, 2012
iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   64%   18%
iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF   1,335% 1   1,253% 1
iShares Industrials Bond ETF   22%   13%
iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   28%   38%
iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   13%   48%
iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   32%   30%
iShares TIPS Bond ETF   47%   10%
iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF   37%   10%
iShares Utilities Bond ETF   20%   8%

1 Portfolio turnover rate includes TBA transactions, as described above.
Additional Information Concerning the Trust
Shares. The Trust currently consists of more than 240 separate investment series or portfolios called funds. The Trust issues shares of beneficial interests in the funds with no par value. The Board may designate additional iShares funds.
Each share issued by a fund has a pro rata interest in the assets of that fund. Shares have no preemptive, exchange, subscription or conversion rights and are freely transferable. Each share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by the Board with respect to the relevant fund, and in the net distributable assets of such fund on liquidation.
Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which the shareholder is entitled to vote. In any matter submitted to shareholders for a vote, each fund shall hold a separate vote, provided that shareholders of all affected funds will vote together when: (1) required by the 1940 Act, or (2) the Trustees determine that the matter affects the interests of more than one fund.
Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. The policy of the Trust is not to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. All shares (regardless of the fund) have noncumulative voting rights in the election of members of the Board. Under Delaware law, Trustees of the Trust may be removed by vote of the shareholders.
Following the creation of the initial Creation Unit(s) of shares of a fund and immediately prior to the commencement of trading in such fund’s shares, a holder of shares may be a “control person” of the fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. A fund cannot predict the length of time for which one or more shareholders may remain a control person of the fund.
In accordance with the Trust's Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 17, 2009 (the “Declaration of Trust”), the Board may, without shareholder approval (unless such shareholder approval is required by applicable law, including the 1940 Act), cause one or more funds commencing operations after September 24, 2008 (each, a “New Fund”) to merge, reorganize, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of their assets, or take other similar actions with, to or into another New Fund.
Shareholders may make inquiries by writing to iShares Trust, c/o BlackRock Investments, LLC, 1 University Square Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540.
Absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, beneficial owners of more than 5% of the shares of a fund may be subject to the reporting provisions of Section 13 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. In addition, absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, officers and trustees of a fund and beneficial owners of 10% of the shares of a fund (“Insiders”) may be subject to the insider reporting, short-swing profit and short sale provisions of Section 16 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. Beneficial owners and Insiders should consult with their own legal counsel concerning their obligations under Sections 13 and 16 of the 1934 Act.
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Termination of the Trust or a Fund.  The Trust or a Fund may be terminated by a majority vote of the Board, subject to the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders of the Trust or such Fund entitled to vote on termination; however, in certain circumstances described in the Declaration of Trust, only a majority vote of the Board is required. Although the shares are not automatically redeemable upon the occurrence of any specific event, the Declaration of Trust provides that the Board will have the unrestricted power to alter the number of shares in a Creation Unit. In the event of a termination of the Trust or a Fund, the Board, in its sole discretion, could determine to permit the shares to be redeemable in aggregations smaller than Creation Units or to be individually redeemable. In such circumstance, the Trust may make redemptions in-kind, for cash or for a combination of cash or securities.
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds.  Shares of each Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.
DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (“DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities’ certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE, the NYSE Amex Equities and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”).
Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the shares of each Fund held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares of the Trust. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in shares of each Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants. DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to shares of the Trust at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.
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Creation and Redemption of Creation Units
General. The Trust issues and sells shares of each Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor or its agent, without a sales load, at a price based on the Fund's NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined below), of an order received by the Distributor or its agent in proper form. The following table sets forth the number of shares of a Fund that constitute a Creation Unit for such Fund and the value of such Creation Unit as of November 30, 2013:
Fund   Shares Per
Creation Unit
  Value Per
Creation
Unit (U.S.$)
iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   100,000   $ 5,034,000
iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   50,000   2,514,000
iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF   50,000   5,066,000
iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF   50,000   4,739,000
iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF   100,000   5,000,000
iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF   100,000   5,240,000
iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF   100,000   5,091,000
iShares CMBS ETF   50,000   2,551,500
iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF   50,000   5,010,500
iShares Financials Bond ETF   100,000   5,171,000
iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF   100,000   5,066,000
iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   100,000   5,018,000
iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF   100,000   4,847,000
iShares Industrials Bond ETF   100,000   4,853,000
iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   100,000   4,634,000
iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   50,000   5,034,500
iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   100,000   10,823,000
iShares TIPS Bond ETF   100,000   11,162,000
iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF   100,000   2,452,000
iShares Utilities Bond ETF   100,000   4,838,000
The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of shares outstanding of any Fund, and to make a corresponding change in the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit, in the event that the per share price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Board.
A “Business Day” with respect to each Fund is any day on which the Listing Exchange on which the Fund is listed for trading is open for business. As of the date of this SAI, each Listing Exchange observes the following holidays, as observed: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of Creation Units of a Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) (“Deposit Securities”) and the Cash Component computed as described below. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which, when combined with the Fund's portfolio securities, is designed to generate performance that has a collective investment profile similar to that of the Underlying Index. The Fund Deposit represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of any Fund.
The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the “Deposit Amount,” which is an amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities, and serves to compensate for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount. Payment of any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities are the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing the Creation Unit. The iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF, iShares 0-5 Year Investment
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Grade Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF, iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF, iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF and iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF generally offer Creation Units partially for cash, but may, in certain circumstances, offer Creation Units solely for cash.
To facilitate efficient management of the Funds and to enable each Fund to track its respective Underlying Index, for the iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF, iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF, iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF, iShares CMBS ETF, iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF, iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF, iShares Financials Bond ETF, iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF, iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, iShares Industrials Bond ETF, iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF and iShares Utilities Bond ETF, the portfolio of securities required for purchase of a Creation Unit may not be identical to the portfolio of securities a Fund will deliver upon redemption of Fund shares. The Deposit Securities and Fund Securities (as defined below under “Redemption of Shares in Creation Units”), as applicable, in connection with a purchase or redemption of a Creation Unit of a Fund, will correspond pro rata, to the extent practicable, to the securities held by such Fund. Consistent with the exemptive orders granted to the Funds by the SEC, creation baskets will correspond generally to the price and yield performance of each Funds' Underlying Index.
BFA makes available through the NSCC on each Business Day prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange, the list of names and the required number or par value of each Deposit Security and the amount of the Cash Component to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information as of the end of the previous Business Day for each Fund). Such Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, to purchases of Creation Units of shares of a given Fund until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit is made available.
The identity and number or par value of the Deposit Securities change pursuant to changes in the composition of a Fund's portfolio and as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by BFA with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities constituting the relevant Underlying Index.
The Trust may require the substitution of an amount of cash (i.e., a “cash in lieu” amount) to replace any Deposit Security of the iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF that is a TBA transaction or an interest in a mortgage pass-through security. The amount of cash contributed will be equivalent to the price of the TBA transaction or mortgage pass-through security interest listed as a Deposit Security. A transaction fee may be charged on the cash amount contributed in lieu of the TBA transaction or mortgage pass-through security.
The Funds reserve the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through DTC or the Clearing Process (as discussed below). If permitted by applicable laws to offer Creation Units of a Fund in exchange for the Fund Deposit, the Funds also reserve the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which (i) the delivery of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under applicable securities or other local laws or (ii) the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under applicable securities or other local laws, or in certain other situations.
Cash Purchase Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified (Creation Units of the iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF, iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF, iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF, iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF and iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF are generally offered partially for cash), they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a partial or full cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser.
Procedures for Creation of Creation Units. To be eligible to place orders with the Distributor and to create a Creation Unit of the Funds, an entity must be: (i) a “Participating Party,” i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC, or (ii) a DTC Participant, and must have executed an agreement with the Distributor, with respect to creations
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and redemptions of Creation Units (“Authorized Participant Agreement”) (discussed below). A Participating Party or DTC Participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement is referred to as an “Authorized Participant.” All shares of the Funds, however created, will be entered on the records of DTC in the name of Cede & Co. for the account of a DTC Participant.
Role of the Authorized Participant. Creation Units may be purchased only by or through a DTC Participant that has entered into an Authorized Participant Agreement with the Distributor. Such Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of such Authorized Participant Agreement and on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that such Authorized Participant will make available in advance of each purchase of shares an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component, once the net asset value of a Creation Unit is next determined after receipt of the purchase order in proper form, together with the transaction fees described below. An Authorized Participant, acting on behalf of an investor, may require the investor to enter into an agreement with such Authorized Participant with respect to certain matters, including payment of the Cash Component. Investors who are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not be a DTC Participant or may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement and that orders to purchase Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant. As a result, purchase orders placed through an Authorized Participant may result in additional charges to such investor. The Trust does not expect to enter into an Authorized Participant Agreement with more than a small number of DTC Participants. A list of current Authorized Participants may be obtained from the Distributor. The Distributor has adopted guidelines regarding Authorized Participants’ transactions in Creation Units that are made available to all Authorized Participants. These guidelines set forth the processes and standards for Authorized Participants to transact with the Distributor and its agents in connection with creation and redemption transactions.
Placement of Creation Orders. Fund Deposits must be delivered through the Federal Reserve System (for cash and U.S. government securities), through DTC (for corporate and municipal securities) or through a central depository account, such as with Euroclear or DTC, maintained by State Street or a sub-custodian (a “Central Depository Account”). Any portion of a Fund Deposit that may not be delivered through the Federal Reserve System or DTC must be delivered through a Central Depository Account. The Fund Deposit transfers made through DTC must be ordered by the DTC Participant in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities through DTC to the account of the Funds generally before 3:00 p.m., Eastern time on the Settlement Date. Fund Deposit transfers made through the Federal Reserve System must be deposited by the participant institution in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number or amount of Deposit Securities or cash through the Federal Reserve System to the account of the Funds generally before 3:00 p.m., Eastern time on the Settlement Date. Fund Deposit transfers made through a Central Depository Account must be completed pursuant to the requirements established by the Custodian or sub-custodian for such Central Depository Account generally before 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on the Settlement Date. The “Settlement Date” for all funds is generally the third business day after the Transmittal Date. All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities to be delivered, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash equal to the Cash Component must be transferred directly to State Street through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner so as to be received by State Street generally before 3:00 p.m., Eastern time on the Settlement Date. If the Cash Component and the Deposit Securities are not received by 3:00 p.m., Eastern time on the Settlement Date, the creation order may be canceled. Upon written notice to the Distributor, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using the Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then current NAV of the Funds. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the third Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor, provided that the relevant Fund Deposit has been received by the Funds prior to such time.
Purchase Orders.  To initiate an order for a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit to the Distributor or its agent an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund, in proper form, generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day to receive that day’s NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange or the bond markets close earlier than normal, the Funds may require orders for Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. The Distributor or its agent will notify BFA and the custodian of such order. The custodian will then provide such information to any appropriate sub-custodian. Procedures and requirements governing the delivery of the Fund Deposit are set forth in the procedures handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a creation request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a
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list of current Authorized Participants upon request. Those placing orders to purchase Creation Units through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Distributor or its agent by the Cutoff Time (as defined below) on such Business Day.
The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the contractual settlement date, by means satisfactory to the Funds, immediately available or same day funds estimated by the Funds to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component next determined after acceptance of the purchase order, together with the applicable purchase transaction fees. Any excess funds will be returned following settlement of the issue of the Creation Unit. Those placing orders should ascertain the applicable deadline for cash transfers by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effectuating the transfer of the Cash Component. This deadline is likely to be significantly earlier than the Cutoff Time of the Funds. Investors should be aware that an Authorized Participant may require orders for purchases of shares placed with it to be in the particular form required by the individual Authorized Participant.
The Authorized Participant is responsible for any and all expenses and costs incurred by a Fund, including any applicable cash amounts, in connection with any purchase order.
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Creation Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor or its agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement, as described below. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or its agent or an Authorized Participant. Orders to create shares of a Fund that are submitted on the Business Day immediately preceding a holiday or a day (other than a weekend) when the equity markets in the relevant non-U.S. market are closed may not be accepted. Each Fund's deadline specified above for the submission of purchase orders is referred to as that Fund's “Cutoff Time.” The Distributor or its agent, in their discretion, may permit the submission of such orders and requests by or through an Authorized Participant at any time (including on days on which the Listing Exchange is not open for business) via communication through the facilities of the Distributor's or its agent's proprietary website maintained for this purpose. Purchase orders and redemption requests, if accepted by the Trust, will be processed based on the NAV next determined after such acceptance in accordance with each Fund's Cutoff Times as provided in the Authorized Participant Agreement and disclosed in this SAI.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units.  Subject to the conditions that (i) an irrevocable purchase order has been submitted by the Authorized Participant (either on its own or another investor's behalf) and (ii) arrangements satisfactory to the Funds are in place for payment of the Cash Component and any other cash amounts which may be due, the Funds will accept the order, subject to each Fund's right (and the right of the Distributor and BFA) to reject any order until acceptance, as set forth below.
Once a Fund has accepted an order, upon the next determination of the net asset value of the shares, the Fund will confirm the issuance of a Creation Unit, against receipt of payment, at such net asset value. The Distributor or its agent will then transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.
Each Fund reserves the absolute right to reject or revoke a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor or its agent if (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (iii) the Deposit Securities delivered do not conform to the identity and number of shares specified, as described above; (iv) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (vi) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the discretion of the Fund or BFA, have an adverse effect on the Fund or the rights of beneficial owners; or (vii) circumstances outside the control of the Fund, the Distributor or its agent and BFA make it impracticable to process purchase orders. The Distributor or its agent shall notify a prospective purchaser of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such purchaser of its rejection of such order. The Funds, State Street, the sub-custodian and the Distributor or its agent are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification.
Issuance of a Creation Unit.  Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the applicable Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the custodian that the securities included in the Fund Deposit (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Distributor or its agent and BFA shall be
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notified of such delivery and the applicable Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit. Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+3 basis” (i.e., three Business Days after trade date). For the iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF and the iShares TIPS Bond ETF, Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+1 basis” (i.e., one Business Day after trade date). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than T+1 or T+3, as applicable, in order to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (i.e., the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security) and in certain other circumstances.
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor, each Fund will issue Creation Units to such Authorized Participant, notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Fund Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities in accordance with the Funds' then-effective procedures. The only collateral that is acceptable to the Funds is cash in U.S. dollars. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on the contractual settlement date. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. Information concerning the Funds' current procedures for collateralization of missing Deposit Securities is available from the Distributor or its agent. The Authorized Participant Agreement will permit the Funds to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Funds of purchasing such securities and the cash collateral.
In certain cases, Authorized Participants may create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date and in these instances, the Funds reserve the right to settle these transactions on a net basis or require a representation from the Authorized Participants that the creation and redemption transactions are for separate beneficial owners. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by each Fund and the Fund's determination shall be final and binding.
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions.  A standard creation transaction fee is imposed to offset the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The standard creation transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant creates a Creation Unit, and is the same, regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by the Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Deposit Securities to the Funds. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard creation transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge*
iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $ 200   3.0%
iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $ 100   3.0%
iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF   N/A   3.0%
iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF   $ 700   3.0%
iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF   $ 300   3.0%
iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF   $ 400   3.0%
iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF   $ 400   3.0%
iShares CMBS ETF   $ 400   3.0%
iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF   $ 250   3.0%
iShares Financials Bond ETF   $ 300   3.0%
iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF   $ 200   3.0%
iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   $1,200   3.0%
iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF   $ 200   3.0%
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Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge*
iShares Industrials Bond ETF   $ 300   3.0%
iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   $1,200   3.0%
iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   $1,200   3.0%
iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   $ 700   3.0%
iShares TIPS Bond ETF   N/A   N/A
iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF   $ 250   3.0%
iShares Utilities Bond ETF   $ 300   3.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit.
Redemption of Creation Units.  Shares of a Fund may be redeemed by Authorized Participants only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Distributor or its agent and only on a Business Day. The Funds will not redeem shares in amounts less than Creation Units. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the secondary market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a Creation Unit that could be redeemed by an Authorized Participant. Beneficial owners also may sell shares in the secondary market.
The iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF, iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF, iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF, iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF and iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF generally redeem Creation Units partially for cash; however, the Funds reserve the right to distribute securities in-kind as payment for Creation Units being redeemed. Please see the Cash Redemption Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the in-kind method for further information on redeeming Creation Units of the Funds.
BFA makes available through the NSCC, prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange on each Business Day, the designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”), and an amount of cash (the “Cash Amount,” as described below). Such Fund Securities and the corresponding Cash Amount (each subject to possible amendment or correction) are applicable, in order to effect redemptions of Creation Units of a Fund until such time as the next announced composition of the Fund Securities and Cash Amount is made available. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units. Procedures and requirements governing redemption transactions are set forth in the handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time.
Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for a Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of Fund Securities, plus the Cash Amount, which is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the shares being redeemed, as next determined after the receipt of a redemption request in proper form, and the value of Fund Securities, less a redemption transaction fee (as described below).
The Trust may, in its sole discretion, substitute a “cash in lieu” amount to replace any Fund Security. The amount of cash paid out in such cases will be equivalent to the value of the substituted security listed as a Fund Security. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust may, in its sole discretion, substitute a “cash in lieu” amount to replace any Fund Security of the iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF that is a TBA transaction or mortgage pass-through security. In such cases, a transaction fee may be charged on the cash amount paid in lieu of the TBA transaction or mortgage pass-through security. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the difference is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Each Fund generally redeems Creation Units for Fund Securities (except for the iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF, iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF, iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF, iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF and iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF, which generally redeem Creation Units partially for cash), but each Fund reserves the right to utilize a cash option for redemption of Creation Units.
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Cash Redemption Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund (Creation Units for iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF, iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF, iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF, iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF and iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF are generally redeemed partially for cash), they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions thereof. In the case of partial or full cash redemption, the Authorized Participant receives the cash equivalent of the Fund Securities it would otherwise receive through an in-kind redemption, plus the same Cash Amount to be paid to an in-kind redeemer.
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions.  A standard redemption transaction fee is imposed to offset transfer and other transaction costs that may be incurred by the relevant Fund. The standard redemption transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant redeems a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by an Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from a Fund to their account on their order. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to dispose of Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard redemption transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Redemption
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge*
iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $ 200   2.0%
iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $ 100   2.0%
iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF   N/A   2.0%
iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF   $ 700   2.0%
iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF   $ 300   2.0%
iShares B - Ca Rated Corporate Bond ETF   $ 400   2.0%
iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF   $ 400   2.0%
iShares CMBS ETF   $ 400   2.0%
iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF   $ 250   2.0%
iShares Financials Bond ETF   $ 300   2.0%
iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF   $ 200   2.0%
iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   $1,200   2.0%
iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF   $ 200   2.0%
iShares Industrials Bond ETF   $ 300   2.0%
iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   $1,200   2.0%
iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   $1,200   2.0%
iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   $ 700   2.0%
iShares TIPS Bond ETF   N/A   N/A
iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF   $ 250   2.0%
iShares Utilities Bond ETF   $ 300   2.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit, inclusive of the standard transaction fee.
Placement of Redemption Orders. Redemption requests for Creation Units of the Funds must be submitted to the Distributor by or through an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable request to redeem shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, a Fund may require orders to redeem Creation Units to be placed earlier that day. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a redemption request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request.
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The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption in the form required by the Funds to the Distributor or its agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement. At any time, only a limited number of broker-dealers will have an Authorized Participant Agreement in effect. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the shares to the Funds' transfer agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Funds' transfer agent the Creation Unit redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the Listing Exchange closing time on any Business Day, (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the applicable Fund is received by the Distributor or its agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified above and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement are properly followed. If the transfer agent does not receive the investor's shares through DTC's facilities by 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Business Day next following the day that the redemption request is received, the redemption request shall be rejected. Investors should be aware that the deadline for such transfers of shares through the DTC system may be significantly earlier than the close of business on the Listing Exchange. Those making redemption requests should ascertain the deadline applicable to transfers of shares through the DTC system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effecting the transfer of the shares.
Upon receiving a redemption request, the Distributor or its agent shall notify the applicable Fund and the Fund's transfer agent of such redemption request. The tender of an investor's shares for redemption and the distribution of the securities and/or cash included in the redemption payment made in respect of Creation Units redeemed will be made through DTC and the relevant Authorized Participant to the Beneficial Owner thereof as recorded on the book-entry system of DTC or the DTC Participant through which such investor holds, as the case may be, or by such other means specified by the Authorized Participant submitting the redemption request.
A redeeming Beneficial Owner or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Beneficial Owner must maintain appropriate security arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the portfolio securities are customarily traded, to which account such portfolio securities will be delivered.
Deliveries of redemption proceeds by the Funds generally will be made within three Business Days (i.e., “T+3”). However, for the iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF and iShares TIPS Bond ETF, deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within one Business Days (i.e., “T+1”). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, each Fund reserves the right to settle redemption transactions and deliver redemption proceeds on another basis to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (i.e., the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold) and in certain other circumstances. The Regular Holidays section hereto identifies the instances, if any, where more than seven days would be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Pursuant to an order of the SEC, the Trust will make delivery of redemption proceeds within the number of days stated in the Regular Holidays section to be the maximum number of days necessary to deliver redemption proceeds.
If neither the redeeming Beneficial Owner nor the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such redeeming Beneficial Owner has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of Fund Securities in the applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of Fund Securities in such jurisdiction, a Fund may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming Beneficial Owner will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In such case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the net asset value of its shares based on the NAV of the relevant Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charges specified above to offset the Fund's brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and each Fund (whether or not it otherwise
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permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Fund cannot lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or cannot do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws.
Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit cash redemptions of Creation Units (except that, as noted above, Creation Units of the iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF, iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF, iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF, iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF and iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF generally will be redeemed partially for cash), in the event that cash redemptions are permitted or required by the Trust proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming shares as soon as practicable after the date of redemption (within seven calendar days thereafter, except for the instances listed in the Regular Holidays section hereto where more than seven calendar days would be needed).
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor or its agent, in the event an Authorized Participant has submitted a redemption request in proper form but is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to a Fund, at or prior to 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Listing Exchange business day after the date of submission of such redemption request, the Distributor or its agent will accept the redemption request in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing shares as soon as possible. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash, in U.S. dollars in immediately available funds, having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing shares. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the day after the date of submission of such redemption request and shall be held by State Street and marked-to-market daily. The fees of State Street and any sub-custodians in respect of the delivery, maintenance and redelivery of the cash collateral shall be payable by the Authorized Participant. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. The Authorized Participant Agreement permits the Funds to acquire shares of the Funds at any time and subjects the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the aggregate of the cost to the Funds of purchasing such shares, plus the value of the Cash Amount, and the value of the cash collateral.
Because the portfolio securities of a Fund may trade on exchange(s) on days that the Listing Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for such Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of such Fund, or purchase or sell shares of such Fund on the Listing Exchange on days when the NAV of such a Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to any Fund: (i) for any period during which the Listing Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the Listing Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund's portfolio securities or determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units.  An Authorized Participant generally will recognize either gain or loss upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units. This gain or loss is calculated by taking the market value of the Creation Units purchased over the Authorized Participant’s aggregate basis in the Deposit Securities exchanged therefor. However, the IRS may apply the wash sales rules to determine that any loss realized upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units is not currently deductible. Authorized Participants should consult their own tax advisors.
Current U.S. federal tax laws dictate that capital gain or loss realized from the redemption of Creation Units will generally create long-term capital gain or loss if the Authorized Participant holds the Creation Units for more than one year, or short-term capital gain or loss if the Creation Units were held for one year or less, if the Creation Units are held as capital assets.
Regular Holidays. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable non-U.S. market or U.S. bond market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a non-U.S. market or U.S. bond market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within the normal settlement period.
The securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming investors, coupled with non-U.S. market or U.S. bond market holiday schedules, will require a delivery process longer than seven calendar days, in certain circumstances. The holidays applicable to each Fund during such periods are listed below, as are instances where
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more than seven days will be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed below for each Fund. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local securities delivery practices, could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.
In calendar years 2014 and 2015, the dates of regular holidays affecting the relevant securities markets in which a Fund invests are as follows (please note these holiday schedules are subject to potential changes in the relevant securities markets):
2014
Argentina
January 1 April 17 July 9 December 25
March 3 April 18 August 18 December 26
March 4 May 1 October 13  
March 24 May 2 November 6  
April 2 June 20 November 24  
    
Australia
January 1 April 21 October 6 December 26
January 27 April 25 November 4 December 31
March 10 June 9 December 24  
April 18 August 4 December 25  
    
Austria
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 December 8 December 31
April 18 June 9 December 24  
April 21 June 19 December 25  
    
Belarus
January 1 March 15 May 9  
January 7 April 20 July 3  
March 8 May 1 November 2  
    
Belgium
January 1 May 29 August 15  
April 18 May 30 November 11  
April 21 June 9 December 25  
May 1 July 21 December 26  
Bermuda
January 1 July 31 December 25  
April 18 August 1 December 26  
May 26 September 1    
June 16 November 11    
    
Brazil
January 1 April 18 July 9 December 31
March 3 April 21 October 20  
March 4 May 1 December 24  
March 5 June 19 December 25  
    
Bulgaria
January 1 May 1 September 22 December 31
March 3 May 2 December 24  
April 18 May 5 December 25  
April 21 May 6 December 26  
    
Canada
January 1 July 1 December 25  
February 17 August 4 December 26  
April 18 September 1    
May 19 October 13    
    
Chile
January 1 June 16 October 31  
April 18 August 15 December 8  
May 1 September 18 December 25  
May 21 September 19 December 31  
    
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China
January 1 February 6 May 7 October 6
January 20 February 7 May 26 October 7
January 30 February 17 July 4 October 13
January 31 May 1 September 1 November 11
February 3 May 2 October 1 November 27
February 4 May 5 October 2 December 25
February 5 May 6 October 3  
    
Colombia
January 1 May 1 August 18 December 25
January 6 June 2 October 13  
March 24 June 23 November 3  
April 17 June 30 November 17  
April 18 August 7 December 8  
    
Croatia
January1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 June 19 October 8 December 31
April 18 June 25 December 24  
April 21 August 5 December 25  
    
Denmark
January 1 May 16 June 9 December 26
April 17 May 29 June 30 December 31
April 18 May 30 December 24  
April 21 June 5 December 25  
    
The Dominican Republic
January 1 April 18 September 24  
January 6 May 5 November 10  
January 21 May 16 December 25  
February 27 June 19    
    
Egypt
January 1 April 21 July 28 October 6
January 7 May 1 July 29  
January 13 July 1 July 30  
April 20 July 23 October 5  
The Egyptian market is closed every Friday.
El Salvador
January 1 August 5 December 25  
April 18 August 6    
May 1 September 15    
August 4 November2    
    
Finland
January 1 April 21 December 26  
January 6 May 1 December 31  
April 17 December 24    
April 18 December 25    
    
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
April 18 May 29 December 25  
April 21 July 14 December 26  
May 1 August 15    
    
Germany
January 1 May 1 December 26  
April 18 December 24 December 31  
April 21 December 25    
    
Greece
January 1 April 18 August 15 December 26
January 6 April 21 October 28  
March 3 May 1 December 24  
March 25 June 9 December 25  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 21 September 9 December 26
January 30 May 1 October 1 December 31
January 31 May 6 October 2  
February 3 June 2 December 24  
April 18 July 1 December 25  
    
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Hungary
January 1 June 9 December 24  
April 21 August 20 December 25  
May 1 October 23 December 26  
May 2 October 24    
    
Indonesia
January 1 May 1 July 29 December 26
January 14 May 15 July 30 December 31
January 31 May 27 July 31  
March 31 May 29 August 1  
April 18 July 28 December 25  
    
Iraq
January 1 April 9 July 28 October 4
January 6 May 1 August 8 October 25
January 13 July 14 October 3 November 3
    
Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 27 December 29
March 17 May 5 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 4 December 26  
    
Israel
March 16 May 5 September 24 October 16
April 14 May 6 September 25  
April 15 June 3 October 8  
April 20 June 4 October 9  
April 21 August 5 October 15  
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
Italy
January 1 April 25 December 8 December 31
January 6 May 1 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 15 December 26  
    
Ivory Coast
January 1 May 27 July 28 November 1
January 13 May 29 August 7 November 15
April 21 June 9 August 15 December 25
May 1 July 24 October 4  
Japan
January 1 March 21 September 15 December 23
January 2 April 29 September 23 December 31
January 3 May 5 October 13  
January 13 May 6 November 3  
February 11 July 21 November 24  
    
Kazakhstan
January 1 March 21 May 7 December 1
January 2 March 24 May 9 December 16
January 7 March 25 July 7 December 17
March 10 May 1 September 1  
    
Lebanon
January 1 April 18 August 15 November 3
January 6 May 1 October 4 December 25
January 13 June 28 October 5  
March 25 June 29 October 25  
    
Lithuania
January 1 April 21 August 15 December 31
March 11 May 1 December 24  
March 29 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 24 December 26  
    
Luxembourg
January 1 May 1 June 23 December 25
April 18 May 29 August 15 December 26
April 21 June 9 December 24  
    
Malaysia
January 1 February 3 June 7 October 6
January 14 May 1 July 28 October 22
January 30 May 13 July 29 October 23
January 31 May 15 July 30 October 25
February 1 May 30 September 1 December 25
    
Mexico
January 1 March 21 September 16 December 25
February 3 April 17 November 17  
February 5 April 18 November 20  
March 17 May 1 December 12  
    
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The Netherlands
January 1 April 30 June 9  
April 18 May 1 December 25  
April 21 May 29 December 26  
    
Norway
January 1 April 21 December 24  
April 16 May 1 December 25  
April 17 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 9 December 31  
    
Panama
January 1 April 17 November 3 December 1
January 13 April 18 November 4 December 8
March 3 May 1 November 5 December 25
March 4 August 15 November 10  
March 5 September 1 December 1  
    
Peru
January 1 May 1 October 8  
April 17 July 28 December 8  
April 18 July 29 December 25  
    
The Philippines
January 1 April 18 August 25 December 30
January 31 May 1 December 24 December 31
April 9 June 12 December 25  
April 17 August 21 December 26  
    
Poland
January 1 April 21 August 15 December 25
January 6 May 1 November 11 December 26
April 18 June 19 December 24 December 31
    
Portugal
January 1 April 25 June 19 December 24
March 4 May 1 August 15 December 25
April 18 June 10 December 1 December 26
April 21 June 13 December 8  
Russia
January 1 January 7 May 2 November 3
January 2 January 8 May 8 November 4
January 3 March 7 May 9 December 31
January 4 March 10 June 11  
January 5 April 30 June 12  
January 6 May 1 June 13  
    
Serbia
January 1 February 15 April 21  
January 2 April 18 May 1  
January 7 April 20 May 2  
    
Singapore
January 1 May 1 October 6  
January 31 May 13 October 23  
April 18 July 28 December 25  
    
South Africa
January 1 April 28 December 16  
March 21 May 1 December 25  
April 18 June 16 December 26  
April 21 September 24    
    
South Korea
January 1 March 1 August 15 October 3
January 30 May 5 September 7 December 24
January 31 May 6 September 8  
February 1 June 6 September 9  
    
Spain
January 1 April 21 July 25 December 25
January 6 May 1 August 15 December 26
April 17 May 2 September 9  
April 18 May 15 December 8  
    
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Sri Lanka
January 1 March 14 May 16 October 8
January 14 March 18 June 12 October 22
January 15 March 21 July 11 October 23
February 4 May 1 July 29 November 6
February 14 May 14 September 8 December 25
February 27 May 15 October 7  
    
Sweden
January 1 May 1 December 24  
January 6 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 6 December 26  
April 21 June 20 December 31  
    
Switzerland
January 1 May 1 December 24  
January 2 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 9 December 26  
April 21 August 1 December 31  
    
Turkey
January 1 May 19 July 30 October 7
April 23 July 28 October 3 October 28
May 1 July 29 October 6 October 29
    
Ukraine
January 1 May 1 June 30  
January 7 May 2 August 25  
March 8 May 9    
April 21 June 9    
    
The United Arab Emirates
January 1 July 29 October 6  
January 13 August 6 October 25  
May 26 October 4 December 2  
July 28 October 5 December 3  
The United Arab Emirates market is closed every Friday.
The United Kingdom
January 1 May 5 December 25  
April 18 May 26 December 26  
April 21 August 25    
    
The United States
January 1 April 18 September 1 November 28*
January 20 May 26 October 13 December 24*
February 17 July 3* November 11 December 25
April 17* July 4 November 27  

* The U.S. bond market has recommended early close.
    
Uruguay
January 1 April 17 July 18  
January 6 April 18 August 25  
March 3 May 1 December 25  
March 4 June 19    
    
Venezuela
January 1 April 17 June 24 December 25
January 6 April 18 July 24 December 31
March 3 May 1 August 18  
March 4 June 2 December 8  
March 19 June 23 December 24  
    
Vietnam
January 1 February 3 April 9 September 2
January 30 February 4 April 30  
January 31 February 5 May 1  
2015
Argentina
January 1 May 1 November 6 December 31
March 31 June 16 December 8  
April 17 July 9 December 24  
April 18 August 18 December 25  
    
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Australia
January 1 April 21 June 9 November 4
January 27 April 25 August 4 December 25
March 3 May 5 August 13 December 26
March 10 May 19 September 29  
April 18 June 2 October 6  
    
Austria
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 24
January 6 May 14 October 26 December 25
April 3 May 25 November 1 December 26
April 6 June 4 December 8 December 31
    
Belarus
January 1 March 15 May 9 December 25
January 7 April 13 July 3  
March 3 May 1 November 7  
    
Belgium
January 1 May 14 August 15  
April 5 May 24 November 1  
April 6 May 25 November 11  
May 1 July 21 December 25  
    
Bermuda
January 1 July 30 December 25  
April 3 July 31 December 26  
May 25 September 7    
June 15 November 11    
    
Brazil
January 1 April 3 June 4 November 15
February 16 April 5 September 7 December 24
February 17 April 21 October 12 December 25
February 18 May 1 November 2 December 31
    
Bulgaria
January 1 May 1 September 22  
March 3 May 6 December 24  
April 10 May 24 December 25  
April 13 September 6 December 26  
Canada
January 1 April 3 June 24 September 7
January 2 April 6 July 1 October 12
February 9 April 20 July 9 November 11
February 16 May 18 August 3 December 25
February 27 June 21 August 17 December 26
March 16 June 22 August 21  
    
Chile
January 1 June 29 December 8  
April 3 July 16 December 25  
May 1 September 18 December 31  
May 21 October 12    
    
China
January 1 February 23 September 27 October 7
January 2 February 24 October 1 December 25
February 18 April 6 October 2  
February 19 May 1 October 5  
February 20 June 20 October 6  
    
Colombia
January 1 May 1 July 20 November 16
January 12 May 18 August 7 December 8
March 23 June 8 August 17 December 25
April 2 June 15 October 12 December 31
April 3 June 29 November 2  
    
Croatia
January 1 June 4 October 8  
January 6 June 22 December 25  
April 6 June 25    
May 1 August 5    
    
Denmark
January 1 May 1 December 24  
April 2 May 14 December 25  
April 3 May 25 December 31  
April 6 June 5    
    
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The Dominican Republic
January 1 April 3 September 24  
January 5 May 1 November 9  
January 26 June 3 December 25  
February 27 August 16    
    
Egypt
January 1 July 1 September 25  
January 7 July 20 October 6  
April 13 July 23 October 15  
May 1 September 24 December 24  
The Egyptian market is closed every Friday.
El Salvador
January 1 June 17 September 15  
April 2 August 4 November 2  
April 3 August 5 December 25  
May 1 August 6    
    
Finland
January 1 April 6 June 19  
January 6 May 1 December 24  
April 3 May 14 December 25  
    
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
April 3 May 14 December 25  
April 6 May 25    
May 1 July 14    
    
Germany
January 1 April 6 May 25  
January 6 May 1 June 4  
April 3 May 14 December 25  
    
Greece
January 1 March 25 April 13 October 28
January 6 April 3 May 1 December 25
February 23 April 6 June 1  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 6 September 28 December 26
February 19 May 1 October 1  
February 20 May 25 October 21  
April 3 July 1 December 25  
    
Hungary
January 1 May 25 December 25  
April 6 August 20    
May 1 October 23    
    
Indonesia
January 1 May 14 September 24  
February 19 May 15 October 15  
April 3 May 25 December 24  
May 1 August 17 December 25  
    
Iraq
January 1 April 17 September 22 December 24
January 6 July 14 October 13  
March 20 July 15 October 23  
    
Ireland
January 1 April 24 October 26  
March 17 May 4 December 24  
April 3 June 1 December 25  
April 6 August 3 December 29  
    
Israel
March 5 April 23 September 23  
April 10 May 7 September 28  
April 15 September 14 October 5  
April 22 September 15 December 7  
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
Italy
January 1 April 6 June 29 December 31
January 6 May 1 December 8  
April 3 June 2 December 25  
    
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Ivory Coast
January 1 May 1 August 7  
January 2 May 14 December 24  
April 6 May 25 December 25  
    
Japan
January 1 May 4 September 22 December 23
January 2 May 5 September 23 December 31
January 12 May 6 October 12  
February 11 July 20 November 3  
April 29 September 21 November 23  
    
Kazakhstan
January 1 March 23 July 6 December 16
January 2 May 1 August 31 December 17
January 7 May 7 September 24  
March 9 May 11 December 1  
    
Lebanon
January 1 April 3 May 6 October 23
January 2 April 6 May 25 November 25
January 6 April 13 September 25 December 25
February 9 May 1 October 13  
    
Lithuania
January 1 April 6 July 6  
February 16 May 1 December 24  
March 11 June 24 December 25  
    
Luxembourg
January 1 May 1 June 23  
April 3 May 14 December 24  
April 6 May 25 December 25  
    
Malaysia
January 1 April 3 July 17 October 15
February 2 May 1 August 31 November 11
February 19 May 25 September 16 December 24
February 20 June 1 September 24 December 25
Mexico
January 1 March 16 May 5 November 20
January 6 April 2 September 16 December 25
February 2 April 3 November 2  
February 5 May 1 November 16  
    
The Netherlands
January 1 April 27 May 14  
April 3 April 30 May 25  
April 6 May 5 December 25  
    
Norway
January 1 May 1 December 25  
April 2 May 14 December 31  
April 3 May 25    
April 6 December 24    
    
Panama
January 1 February 18 November 4 December 25
January 9 April 2 November 5 December 31
January 12 April 3 November 10  
February 16 May 1 December 8  
February 17 November 3 December 24  
    
Peru
January 1 May 1 October 8 December 31
April 2 June 29 December 8  
April 3 July 28 December 25  
    
The Philippines
January 1 April 9 September 24 December 30
February 19 May 1 November 2 December 31
February 25 June 12 November 30  
April 2 August 21 December 24  
April 3 August 31 December 25  
    
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Poland
January 1 April 6 November 11  
January 6 May 1 December 25  
April 3 June 4    
    
Portugal
January 1 May 1 June 10 December 8
February 17 June 1 October 5 December 24
April 3 June 4 December 1 December 25
    
Russia
January 1 January 7 May 1 December 30
January 2 January 8 May 11 December 31
January 5 February 23 June 12  
January 6 March 9 November 4  
       
    
Serbia
January 1 January 14 April 13  
January 2 February 16 May 1  
January 7 April 10 November 11  
    
Singapore
January 1 May 1 December 25  
February 19 August 10 December 31  
February 20 November 11    
April 3 December 24    
    
South Africa
January 1 April 27 August 10 December 25
April 3 May 1 September 24  
April 6 June 16 December 16  
    
South Korea
Jan 1 May 1 September 28 December 25
February 18 May 5 October 1 December 31
February 19 May 25 October 9  
February 20 July 17 December 24  
Spain
January 1 April 3 May 25 December 25
January 6 April 6 June 4  
March 19 May 1 October 12  
April 2 May 14 December 8  
    
Sri Lanka
January 1 April 14 October 1  
January 2 May 1 October 9  
January 14 May 22 November 11  
February 4 June 1 December 24  
February 17 July 15 December 25  
April 3 September 22    
    
Sweden
January 1 April 6 June 19 December 31
January 5 April 30 October 30  
January 6 May 1 December 24  
April 3 May 14 December 25  
    
Switzerland
January 1 April 21 August 1 December 25
January 2 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 September 11 December 31
March 19 June 9 December 8  
April 18 June 19 December 24  
    
Turkey
January 1 May 19 September 24 December 31
April 23 July 20 September 25  
May 1 September 23 October 29  
    
Ukraine
January 1 April 13 June 1  
January 7 May 1 June 29  
January 14 May 4 August 24  
March 9 May 11    
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The United Arab Emirates
January 1 September 24 December 2  
May 15 September 25 December 3  
July 20 October 15 December 24  
The United Arab Emirates market is closed every Friday.
The United Kingdom
January 1 April 3 May 25 December 25
January 2 April 6 August 3 December 28
January 6 May 4 August 31  
    
The United States
January 1 April 3 September 7 November 27*
January 19 May 22* October 12 December 24*
February 16 May 25 November 11 December 25
April 2* July 3* November 26 December 31*

* The U.S. bond market has recommended early close.
Uruguay
January 1 April 2 June 19 December 25
January 6 April 3 August 25  
February 16 May 1 October 12  
February 17 May 18 November 2  
    
Venezuela
January 1 March 19 June 24 November 2
January 6 April 2 June 29 December 8
February 16 April 3 July 24 December 25
February 17 May 1 October 12 December 31
    
Vietnam
January 1 February 23 May 1  
February 18 February 24 September 2  
February 19 April 28 December 25  
February 20 April 30    
       
Redemptions.  The longest redemption cycle for a Fund is a function of the longest redemption cycle among the countries whose securities comprise the Funds. In calendar years 2014 and 2015, the dates of regular holidays affecting the following securities markets present the worst-case redemption cycles* for a Fund as follows:
2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Austria   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
China   01/27/14   02/10/14   14
    01/28/14   02/11/14   14
    01/29/14   02/12/14   14
    04/28/14   05/08/14   10
    04/29/14   05/09/14   10
    04/30/14   05/12/14   12
    09/26/14   10/08/14   12
    09/29/14   10/09/14   10
    09/30/14   10/10/14   10
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Denmark   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    04/14/14   04/23/14   8
    04/15/14   04/24/14   8
    04/16/14   04/25/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Egypt   12/31/13   01/08/14   8
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    01/06/14   01/14/14   8
    04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    04/17/14   04/27/14   10
    07/21/14   07/31/14   10
    07/22/14   08/03/14   12
    07/24/14   08/04/14   11
    09/29/14   10/07/14   8
    09/30/14   10/08/14   8
    10/01/14   10/09/14   8
    10/02/14   10/12/14   10
Finland   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
Hungary   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
Indonesia   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    07/23/14   08/04/14   12
    07/24/14   08/05/14   12
    07/25/14   08/06/14   12
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   11
Ireland   12/23/14   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Italy   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Japan   12/26/13   01/06/14   11
    12/27/13   01/07/14   11
    12/30/13   01/08/14   9
    12/26/14   01/05/15   10
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
    12/30/14   01/07/15   8
Lithuania   04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    04/17/14   04/25/14   8
    04/28/14   05/06/14   8
    04/29/14   05/07/14   8
    04/30/14   05/08/14   8
Malaysia   01/27/14   02/04/14   8
    01/28/14   02/05/14   8
    01/29/14   02/06/14   8
    07/23/14   07/31/14   8
    07/24/14   08/01/14   8
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    07/25/14   08/04/14   10
Norway   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
The Philippines   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/26/13   01/03/14   8
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
    12/26/14   01/05/15   10
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
Portugal   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
Russia   12/27/14   01/09/14   13
    12/30/14   01/10/14   11
    12/31/14   01/13/14   13
South Africa   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/24/13   01/03/14   10
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/30/13   01/07/14   8
    12/31/13   01/08/14   8
    03/14/14   03/24/14   10
    03/17/14   03/25/14   8
    03/18/14   03/26/14   8
    03/19/14   03/27/14   8
    03/20/14   03/28/14   8
    04/11/14   04/22/14   9
    04/14/14   04/23/14   9
    04/15/14   04/24/14   9
    04/16/14   04/25/14   9
    04/17/14   04/29/14   12
    04/22/14   04/30/14   8
    04/23/14   05/02/14   9
    04/24/14   05/05/14   11
    04/25/14   05/06/14   11
    04/29/14   05/07/14   8
    04/30/14   05/08/14   8
    06/09/14   06/17/14   8
    06/10/14   06/18/14   8
    06/11/14   06/19/14   8
    06/12/14   06/20/14   8
    06/13/14   06/23/14   10
    09/17/14   09/25/14   8
    09/18/14   09/26/14   8
    09/19/14   09/29/14   10
    09/22/14   09/30/14   8
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    09/23/14   10/01/14   8
    12/09/14   12/17/14   8
    12/10/14   12/18/14   8
    12/11/14   12/19/14   8
    12/12/14   12/22/14   10
    12/15/14   12/23/14   8
    12/18/14   12/29/14   11
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
    12/14/14   01/05/15   12
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
    12/30/14   01/07/15   8
    12/31/14   01/08/15   8
Spain   04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
Sri Lanka   04/9/14   04/19/14   10
    04/12/14   04/20/14   8
    04/13/14   04/21/14   8
Sweden   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Switzerland   12/23/13   01/03/14   11
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/30/13   01/07/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/05/14   13
    12/29/14   01/06/14   8
    12/30/14   01/07/14   8
Vietnam   04/29/14   05/07/14   8
    
2015
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
China   02/13/15   02/25/15   12
    02/16/15   02/26/15   10
    02/17/15   02/27/15   10
    09/28/15   10/08/15   10
    09/29/15   10/09/15   10
    09/30/15   10/12/15   12
Denmark   03/30/15   04/07/15   8
    03/31/15   04/08/15   8
    04/01/15   04/09/15   8
Japan   12/26/14   01/05/15   10
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
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2015
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/30/14   01/07/15   8
    04/28/15   05/07/15   9
    04/30/15   05/08/15   8
    05/01/15   05/11/15   10
    09/16/15   09/24/15   8
    09/17/15   09/25/15   8
    09/18/15   09/28/15   11
Norway   03/30/15   04/07/15   8
    03/31/15   04/08/15   8
    04/01/15   04/09/15   8
The Philippines   12/22/14   01/02/15   11
    12/23/14   01/04/15   12
    12/23/14   01/05/15   13
    12/28/14   01/05/15   8
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
Russia   12/24/14   01/09/15   16
    12/26/14   01/12/15   17
    12/29/14   01/13/15   15
    12/24/15   01/11/16   18
    12/28/15   01/15/16   15
    12/29/15   01/18/15   18
South Africa   12/23/14   01/02/15   10
    12/24/14   01/05/15   12
    12/29/14   01/06/15   8
    12/30/14   01/07/15   8
    12/31/14   01/08/15   8
    03/27/15   04/07/15   11
    03/30/15   04/08/15   9
    03/31/15   04/09/15   9
    04/01/15   04/10/15   9
    04/02/15   04/13/15   11
    04/20/15   04/28/15   8
    04/21/15   04/29/15   8
    04/22/15   04/30/15   8
    04/23/15   05/01/15   8
    04/23/15   05/04/15   11
    04/24/15   05/05/15   11
    04/28/15   05/06/15   8
    04/29/15   05/07/15   8
    04/30/15   05/08/15   8
    06/09/15   06/17/15   8
    06/10/15   06/18/15   8
    06/11/15   06/19/15   8
    06/12/15   06/22/15   10
    06/15/15   06/23/15   8
    08/03/15   08/11/15   8
    08/04/15   08/12/15   8
    08/05/15   08/13/15   8
    08/06/15   08/14/15   8
    08/07/15   08/17/15   10
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2015
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    09/17/15   09/25/15   8
    09/18/15   09/28/15   10
    09/21/15   09/29/15   8
    09/22/15   09/30/15   8
    09/23/15   10/01/15   8
    12/09/15   12/17/15   8
    12/10/15   12/18/15   8
    12/11/15   12/21/15   10
    12/14/15   12/22/15   8
    12/15/15   12/23/15   8
    12/18/15   12/28/15   10
    12/21/15   12/29/15   8
    12/22/15   12/30/15   8
    12/23/15   12/31/15   8
    12/24/15   01/04/16   11
    12/28/15   01/05/16   8
    12/29/15   01/06/16   8
    12/30/15   01/07/16   8
    12/31/15   01/08/16   8
Spain   03/30/15   04/07/15   8
    03/31/15   04/08/15   8
    04/01/15   04/09/15   8
Switzerland   12/23/14   01/05/15   13
    12/29/14   01/07/15   9
    12/30/14   01/08/15   9
    12/30/15   01/07/16   8
Vietnam   02/13/15   02/25/15   12
    02/16/15   02/26/15   10
    02/17/15   02/27/15   10
    04/24/15   05/04/15   10
    04/27/15   05/05/15   8

* These worst-case redemption cycles are based on information regarding regular holidays, which may be out of date. Based on changes in holidays, longer (worse) redemption cycles are possible.
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Taxes
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of a Fund. This summary does not address all of the potential U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to a Fund or to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special tax rules. Current and prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the specific federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of investing in a Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
Regulated Investment Company Qualification.  Each Fund intends to continue to qualify for and to elect treatment as a separate RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, each Fund must annually distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes dividends, interest and net short-term capital gains) and meet several other requirements. Among such other requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of each Fund’s annual gross income must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or non-U.S. currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than a partnership that derives 90% of its income from interest, dividends, capital gains and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income); and (ii) at the close of each quarter of each Fund’s taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of each Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited for purposes of this calculation in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer, of two or more issuers of which 20% or more of the voting stock is held by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses (other than the securities of other RICs) or the securities of one or more qualified publicly-traded partnerships.
A Fund may be able to cure a failure to derive 90% of its income from the sources specified above or a failure to diversify its holdings in the manner described above by paying a tax, by disposing of certain assets, or by paying a tax and disposing of assets. If, in any taxable year, a Fund fails one of these tests and does not timely cure the failure, that Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by that Fund in computing its taxable income.
Although in general the passive loss rules of the Internal Revenue Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly-traded partnership. A Fund’s investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly-traded partnerships, may result in the Fund being subject to state, local, or non-U.S. income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
Taxation of RICs.  As a RIC, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, a Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., income other than its net realized long-term capital gain over its net realized short-term capital loss), plus or minus certain adjustments, and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. A Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders. If a Fund fails to qualify for any taxable year as a RIC or fails to meet the distribution requirement, all of its taxable income will be subject to tax at regular corporate income tax rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. In such event, distributions to individuals should be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income and distributions to corporate shareholders generally should be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Although each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and its capital gains for each taxable year, each Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. Moreover, if a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits
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accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a RIC. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the Fund had been liquidated) if it qualifies as a RIC in a subsequent year.
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards.  Net capital loss carryforwards may be applied against any net realized capital gains in each succeeding year, until they have been reduced to zero or until their respective expiration dates, whichever occurs first. Capital loss carryforwards from taxable years beginning after 2010 are not subject to expiration, and short-term and long-term capital loss carryforwards from such taxable years may only be applied against net realized short-term and long-term capital gains, respectively.
In the event that a Fund were to experience an ownership change as defined under the Internal Revenue Code, the Fund’s loss carryforwards and other favorable tax attributes of a Fund, if any, may be subject to limitation.
The following Funds had tax basis net capital loss carryforwards as of October 31, 2013, the tax year-end for the Funds listed:
Fund   Non-Expiring 1   Expiring
2016
  Expiring
2017
  Expiring
2018
  Expiring
2019
  Total
iShares 0-5 Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $ 17   $   $   $   $   $ 17
iShares 0-5 Year TIPS Bond ETF   323,236         21,603   344,839
iShares 1-3 Year International Treasury Bond ETF   8,609,746     1,262   117,648     8,728,656
iShares Aaa - A Rated Corporate Bond ETF   1,375,190           1,375,190
iShares Baa - Ba Rated Corporate Bond ETF   3,562           3,562
iShares CMBS ETF   11,476           11,476
iShares Core Short-Term USD Bond ETF   12,604           12,604
iShares Financials Bond ETF   3,691           3,691
iShares Floating Rate Bond ETF   131,765           131,765
iShares Global Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   571,282           571,282
iShares Core GNMA Bond ETF   347,180           347,180
iShares Industrials Bond ETF   16,273           16,273
iShares International Inflation-Linked Bond ETF   1,151,998           1,151,998
iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   13,258,344     66,505   55,392     13,380,241
iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   34,818,723       96,030     34,914,753
iShares TIPS Bond ETF   55,969,654   460,813   528,715       56,959,182
iShares Core U.S. Treasury Bond ETF   213,181           213,181
iShares Utilities Bond ETF   66,171           66,171

1
Must be utilized prior to losses subject to expiration.
Excise Tax.  A Fund will be subject to a 4% excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the 12 months ended October 31 of such year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by a Fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. Each Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of this 4% excise tax.
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Taxation of U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends and other distributions by a Fund are generally treated under the Internal Revenue Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or capital gain distribution declared by a Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month shall be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year and to have been paid by the Fund not later than such December 31, provided such dividend is actually paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year.
Each Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its net tax-exempt income, investment company taxable income and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if a Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will report such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.
Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that a Fund reports as capital gain dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. All other dividends of a Fund (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current and accumulated earnings and profits (“regular dividends”) are generally subject to tax as ordinary income. Married couples filing jointly with income over approximately $450,000 and unmarried individuals with income over approximately $400,000 (income thresholds adjusted annually for inflation) are subject to a 20% tax on any income in excess of those amounts that is long-term capital gain or qualified dividend income, and generally all other long-term capital gain is taxed at 15% (0% at certain income levels). In addition, the top marginal ordinary income tax rate is 39.6% for income in excess of the above thresholds.
If an individual receives a regular dividend qualifying for the long-term capital gain rates and such dividend constitutes an “extraordinary dividend,” and the individual subsequently recognizes a loss on the sale or exchange of stock in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term capital loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An “extraordinary dividend” on common stock for this purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 10% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period, or (ii) in an amount greater than 20% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.
Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds shares of the Fund as capital assets). Distributions in excess of a Fund’s minimum distribution requirements, but not in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits, will be taxable to shareholders and will not constitute nontaxable returns of capital. The Fund's capital loss carryovers, if any, carried from taxable years beginning before 2011 do not reduce current earnings and profits, even if such carryforwards offset current year realized gains. Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount. No deduction would be allowed to an investor for interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry shares of the Fund to the extent the interest deduction would relate to exempt-interest dividends received.
A 3.8% U.S. federal Medicare contribution tax is imposed on net investment income, including, but not limited to, interest, dividends, and net gain from investments, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married filing jointly), and of estates and trusts.
Investors considering buying shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution
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may nevertheless be taxable to them. If a Fund is the holder of record of any security on the record date for any dividends payable with respect to such security, such dividends will be included in the Fund’s gross income not as of the date received but as of the later of (i) the date such security became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends (i.e., the date on which a buyer of the security would not be entitled to receive the declared, but unpaid, dividends); or (ii) the date the Fund acquired such security. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, a Fund may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.
In certain situations, a Fund may, for a taxable year, defer all or a portion of its net capital loss realized after October and its late-year ordinary loss (defined as the excess of post-October foreign currency and passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) losses and other post-December ordinary losses over post-October foreign currency and PFIC gains and other post-December ordinary income) until the next taxable year in computing its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, which will defer the recognition of such realized losses. Such deferrals and other rules regarding gains and losses realized after October (or December) may affect the tax character of shareholder distributions.
Sales of Shares. Upon the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund. A redemption of shares by a Fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the Fund, by, or by an option on, substantially identical shares within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder with respect to such share. The Medicare contribution tax described above will apply to the sale of Fund shares.
If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of a Fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then, on or before January 31 of the following calendar year, acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain/loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis of the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents a shareholder from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting his or her investment within a family of mutual funds.
Back-Up Withholding.  In certain cases, a Fund will be required to withhold at a 28% rate and remit to the U.S. Treasury such amounts withheld from any distributions paid to a shareholder who: (i) has failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number; (ii) is subject to back-up withholding by the IRS; (iii) has failed to certify to a Fund that such shareholder is not subject to back-up withholding; or (iv) has not certified that such shareholder is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). Back-up withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability.
Sections 351 and 362.  The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, has the right to reject an order for a purchase of shares of the Fund if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of a given Fund and if, pursuant to Sections 351 and 362 of the Internal Revenue Code, that Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. If a Fund’s basis in such securities on the date of deposit was less than market value on such date, the Fund, upon disposition of the securities, would recognize more taxable gain or less taxable loss than if its basis in the securities had been equal to market value. It is not anticipated that the Trust will exercise the right of rejection except in a case where the Trust determines that accepting the order could result in material adverse tax consequences to a Fund or its shareholders. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.
Taxation of Certain Derivatives. A Fund’s transactions in zero coupon securities, non-U.S. currencies, forward contracts, options and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on non-U.S. currencies), to the extent permitted, will be subject to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and
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“straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require the Fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year) and (b) may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. Each Fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any zero coupon security, non-U.S. currency, forward contract, option, futures contract or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC.
A Fund’s investments in so-called “section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most non-U.S. currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most security indexes, are subject to special tax rules. All section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the Fund from positions in section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the Fund.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, a Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. A Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year). The cost of any payments made by the Fund on a swap transaction will be netted pro rata against both tax exempt and taxable gross income. With respect to certain types of swaps, a Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.
Market Discount.  Any market discount recognized on a bond is taxable as ordinary income. A market discount bond is a bond acquired in the secondary market at a price below redemption value or adjusted issue price if issued with original issue discount. Absent an election by a Fund to include the market discount in income as it accrues, gain on the Fund’s disposition of such an obligation will be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain to the extent of the accrued market discount.
Non-U.S. Investments. Income (including, in some cases, capital gains) received by certain of the Funds from investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by non-U.S. countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases. If more than 50% of a Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of non-U.S. corporations, the Fund may elect for U.S. income tax purposes to treat non-U.S. income taxes paid by it as paid by its shareholders. A Fund may qualify for and make this election in some, but not necessarily all, of its taxable years. If a Fund were to make an election, shareholders of the Fund would be required to take into account an amount equal to their pro rata portions of such non-U.S. taxes in computing their taxable income and then treat an amount equal to those non-U.S. taxes as a U.S. federal income tax deduction or as a foreign tax credit against their U.S. federal income taxes. Shortly after any year for which it makes such an election, a Fund will report to its shareholders the amount per share of such non-U.S. income tax that must be included in each shareholder’s gross income and the amount which will be available for the deduction or credit. No deduction for non-U.S. taxes may be claimed by a shareholder who does not itemize deductions. Certain limitations will be imposed on the extent to which the credit (but not the deduction) for non-U.S. taxes may be claimed. Under Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time a Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a non-U.S. currency and the time a Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. In general, gains (and losses) realized on debt instruments will be treated as Section 988 gain (or loss) to the extent attributable to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which the instruments are denominated. Similarly, gain or losses on non-U.S. currency, non-U.S. currency forward contracts, certain non-U.S. currency options or futures contracts and the disposition of debt securities denominated in non-U.S. currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss unless the Fund were to elect otherwise.
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Original Issue Discount.  Original issue discount (“OID”) on tax-exempt bonds is recognized over the term of the bond and is tax-exempt to the holder of the bond. Special U.S. federal income tax rules apply to inflation-indexed bonds. Generally, all stated interest on such bonds is taken into income by a Fund under its regular method of accounting for interest income. The amount of a positive inflation adjustment, which results in an increase in the inflation-adjusted principal amount of the bond, is treated as original issue discount. The OID is included in a Fund’s gross income ratably during the period ending with the maturity of the bond, under the general OID inclusion rules. The amount of a Fund’s OID in a taxable year with respect to a bond will increase a Fund’s taxable income for such year without a corresponding receipt of cash, until the bond matures. As a result, a Fund may need to use other sources of cash to satisfy its distributions for such year. The amount of negative inflation adjustment, which results in a decrease in the inflation-adjusted principal amount of the bond, reduces the amount of interest (including stated, interest, OID, and market discount, if any) otherwise includible in a Fund’s income with respect to the bond for the taxable year.
Reporting. If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends paid by a Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term capital gains. Dividends paid by a Fund from net tax-exempt income or long-term capital gains are generally not subject to such withholding tax. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the U.S. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to back-up withholding at the appropriate rate.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, properly-reported dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, the Fund’s U.S. source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income); or (ii) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable year). However, depending on its circumstances, the Fund may report all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts.
In general, U.S. federal withholding tax will not apply to any gain or income realized by a non-U.S. shareholder in respect of any distributions of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses, tax-exempt interest dividends, or upon the sale or other disposition of shares of a Fund. If a Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, distributions to a non-U.S. shareholder from a Fund attributable to a REIT’s distribution to a Fund of gain from a sale or exchange of a U.S. real property interest and, in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder owning more than 5% of the class of shares throughout either such person’s holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years, the gain on redemption will be treated as real property gain subject to additional taxes or withholding and may result in the non-U.S. shareholder having additional filing requirements.
Provided that 50% or more of the value of a Fund’s stock is held by U.S. shareholders, distributions of U.S. real property interests (including securities in a U.S. real property holding corporation, unless such corporation is regularly traded on an
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established market and the Fund has held 5% or less of the outstanding shares of the corporation during the five-year period ending on the date of distribution) occurring on or before December 31, 2013, in redemption of a foreign shareholder’s shares of the Fund will cause the Fund to recognize gain. If the Fund is required to recognize gain, the amount of gain recognized will be equal to the fair market value of such interests over the Fund’s adjusted bases to the extent of the greatest foreign ownership percentage of the Fund during the five-year period ending on the date of redemption.
A 30% withholding tax will be imposed on U.S.-source dividends, interest and other income items paid after June 30, 2016, and proceeds from the sale of property producing U.S.-source dividends and interest paid after December 31, 2016, to (i) foreign financial institutions, including non-U.S. investment funds, unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders and (ii) certain other foreign entities, unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders; comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts; report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained; agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information; and determine certain other information as to their account holders, or (ii) in the event that an applicable intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other foreign entities will need to provide the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership, unless certain exceptions apply.
Shares of a Fund held by a non-U.S. shareholder at death will be considered situated within the United States and subject to the U.S. estate tax.
The foregoing discussion is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations only and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of shares should consult their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of investing in such shares, including consequences under state, local and non-U.S. tax laws. Finally, the foregoing discussion is based on applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, judicial authority and administrative interpretations in effect on the date of this SAI. Changes in applicable authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed above, and such changes often occur.
Financial Statements
Each Fund's audited Financial Statements, including the Financial Highlights, appearing in the applicable Annual Report to Shareholders and the report therein of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, are hereby incorporated by reference in this SAI. The applicable Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the referenced audited financial statements, is available upon request and without charge.
Miscellaneous Information
Counsel. Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, located at 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019, is counsel to the Trust.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111, serves as the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, audits the Funds' financial statements, and may perform other services.
Shareholder Communications to the Board.  The Board has established a process for shareholders to communicate with the Board. Shareholders may contact the Board by mail. Correspondence should be addressed to iShares Board of Trustees, c/o BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. – Mutual Fund Administration, 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. Shareholder communications to the Board should include the following information: (i) the name and address of the shareholder; (ii) the number of shares owned by the shareholder; (iii) the Fund(s) of which the shareholder owns shares; and (iv) if these shares are owned indirectly through a broker, financial intermediary or other record owner, the name of the broker, financial intermediary or other record owner. All correspondence received as set forth above shall be reviewed by the Secretary of the Trust and reported to the Board.
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Regulation Under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive.  The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”) imposes detailed and prescriptive obligations on fund managers established in the EU (“EU Operative Provisions”). These do not currently apply to managers established outside of the EU, such as BFA. Rather, non-EU managers are only required to comply with certain disclosure, reporting and transparency obligations of AIFMD (“AIFMD Disclosure Provisions”) if such managers market a fund to EU investors.
 Where the AIFMD Disclosure Provisions relate to EU Operative Provisions that do not apply to BFA, no meaningful disclosure can be made. These EU Operative Provisions include prescriptive rules on: measuring and capping leverage in line with known European standards; the treatment of investors; the use of 'depositaries'; and coverage for professional liability risks.
 AIFMD imposes certain conditions on the marketing of funds, such as the Funds, to EU investors. AIFMD requires that an ‘alternative investment fund manager’ (“AIFM”) be identified to meet such conditions where such marketing is sought. For these purposes BFA, as the legal entity responsible for performing the portfolio and risk management of the Funds, shall be the AIFM.
 AIFMD requires disclosure on an ongoing basis of certain information relating to the use of special arrangements, leverage, rights of reuse of collateral, guarantees granted under leverage arrangements and the use of gates, side pockets and similar liquidity management tools. Given that the Funds do not use any special arrangements or allow for collateral reuse, it is not intended that such disclosures will need to be made by the Funds. Each Fund will, however, to the extent relevant and appropriate, disclose in its annual report information on the Fund's leverage, risk profile and risk management systems employed by BFA. Each Fund will also disclose material changes, if any, to the liquidity management systems and procedures employed in respect of the Fund.
 BFA intends to market the following Fund to EU investors in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, and Luxembourg:
 iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF
Investors’ Rights.  Each Fund relies on the services of its investment adviser and other service providers, including the distributor, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. Further information about the duties and roles of these service providers is set out in this SAI. Investors who acquire shares of a Fund are not parties to the relevant agreement with these service providers and do not have express contractual rights against the Fund or its service providers, except certain institutional investors that are Authorized Participants may have certain express contractual rights with respect to the Distributor under the terms of the relevant authorized participant agreement. Investors may have certain legal rights under federal or state law against a Fund or its service providers. In the event that an investor considers that it may have a claim against a Fund, or against any service provider in connection with its investment in the Fund, such investor should consult its own legal advisor.
By contract, Authorized Participants irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or U.S. federal court sitting in New York City over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the authorized participant agreement. Jurisdiction over other claims, whether by investors or Authorized Participants, will turn on the facts of the particular case and the law of the jurisdiction in which the proceeding is brought.
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Appendix A
DESCRIPTION OF FIXED-INCOME RATINGS
A rating is generally assigned to a fixed-income security at the time of issuance by a credit rating agency designated as a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) by the SEC. While NRSROs may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings given to securities at issuance do not necessarily represent ratings which would be given to these securities on a particular subsequent date.
Fixed-income securities which are unrated expose the investor to risks with respect to capacity to pay interest or repay principal which are similar to the risks of lower-rated speculative bonds. Evaluation of these securities is dependent on the investment adviser’s judgment, analysis and experience in the evaluation of such securities.
Investors should note that the assignment of a rating to a security by an NRSRO may not reflect the effect of recent developments on the issuer’s ability to make interest and principal payments or on the likelihood of default.
The descriptions below relate to general long-term and short-term obligations of an issuer.
Moody’s Ratings
Long-Term Obligations
Aaa: Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa: Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba: Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative, of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
Absence of Rating: Where no rating has been assigned or where a rating has been withdrawn, it may be for reasons unrelated to the creditworthiness of the issue.
Should no rating be assigned, the reason may be one of the following:
1. An application was not received or accepted.
2. The issue or issuer belongs to a group of securities or entities that are not rated as a matter of policy.
3. There is a lack of essential data pertaining to the issue or issuer.
4. The issue was privately placed, in which case the rating is not published in Moody’s publications.
Withdrawal may occur if new and material circumstances arise, the effects of which preclude satisfactory analysis; if there is no longer available reasonable up-to-date data to permit a judgment to be formed; if a bond is called for redemption; or for other reasons.
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Short-Term Obligations
Moody’s short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations, generally with an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months.
Moody's employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Standard & Poor's Ratings Services
Long-Term Obligations
AAA: An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment is very strong.
A: An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB; B; CCC; CC; and C: Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poor's expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C: An obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.
D: An obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of
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similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
NR: NR indicates no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor's does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Note: The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Short-Term Obligations
A-1: A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor's. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2: A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3: A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C: A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D: A short-term obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Fitch Ratings
Long-Term Obligations
AAA: Highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High credit quality. A ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative. BB ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
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B: Highly speculative. B ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC: Substantial credit risk. CCC ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
CC: Very high levels of credit risk. CC ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
C: Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. C indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned RD or D ratings, but are instead rated in the B to C rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Note: The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the AAA obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below CCC.
The subscript 'emr' is appended to a rating to denote embedded market risk which is beyond the scope of the rating. The designation is intended to make clear that the rating solely addresses the counterparty risk of the issuing bank. It is not meant to indicate any limitation in the analysis of the counterparty risk, which in all other respects follows published Fitch criteria for analyzing the issuing financial institution. Fitch does not rate these instruments where the principal is to any degree subject to market risk.
Short-Term Obligations (Corporate and Public Finance)
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short-term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
IS-SAI-10T-0814
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iShares® Trust
Statement of Additional Information
Dated July 1, 2013
(as revised June 17, 2014)
This combined Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the current prospectuses (each, a “Prospectus” and collectively, the “Prospectuses”) for the following funds of iShares Trust (the “Trust”):
Fund   Ticker   Stock Exchange
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   CSJ   NYSE Arca
iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   SHY   NYSE Arca
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF   IEI   NYSE Arca
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF   IEF   NYSE Arca
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF   CLY   NYSE Arca
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF   TLH   NYSE Arca
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF   TLT   NYSE Arca
iShares Agency Bond ETF   AGZ   NYSE Arca
iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   CMF   NYSE Arca
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF   ILTB   NYSE Arca
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   AGG   NYSE Arca
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF   CRED   NYSE Arca
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF   GBF   NYSE Arca
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   HYG   NYSE Arca
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   LQD   NYSE Arca
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF   CIU   NYSE Arca
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF   GVI   NYSE Arca
iShares MBS ETF   MBB   NYSE Arca
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   MUB   NYSE Arca
iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   NYF   NYSE Arca
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   SUB   NYSE Arca
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF   SHV   NYSE Arca
The Prospectuses for the above-listed funds (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) are dated July 1, 2013, as amended and supplemented from time to time. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the applicable Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. The Financial Statements and Notes contained in the Annual & Semi-Annual Reports of the Trust for the Funds are incorporated by reference into and deemed to be part of this SAI. A copy of the Prospectus, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report for each Fund may be obtained without charge by writing to the Trust’s distributor, BlackRock Investments, LLC (the “Distributor” or “BRIL”), 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310, calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or visiting www.iShares.com. Each Fund’s Prospectus is incorporated by reference to this SAI.
iShares® is a registered trademark of BlackRock Fund Advisors (“BFA”) or its affiliates.


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iShares®
The information in this Supplement updates information in, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information for the Fund.
The following changes will take effect for the Fund on or around June 30, 2014 or as soon as practicable thereafter.
  Current New
Underlying Index BofA Merrill Lynch 10+ Year US Corporate & Yankees Index Barclays U.S. Long Credit Index
Index Provider Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (“BofA Merrill Lynch”) Barclays Capital Inc. or its affiliates (“Barclays”)
Change in the Fund’s Principal Investment Strategies
The first three paragraphs of the section of the Prospectus entitled “Principal Investment Strategies” are deleted in their entirety and replaced with the following:
The Fund seeks to track the investment results of the Barclays U.S. Long Credit Index (the “Underlying Index”), which is a broad index designed to measure the performance of long-term, investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds and U.S. dollar denominated bonds, including those of non-U.S. corporations and governments, with remaining maturities greater than ten years. Component securities include publicly-issued debt of U.S. corporations and U.S. dollar-denominated, publicly issued debt of non-U.S. corporations, non-U.S. government debt and supranational debt. The Underlying Index may include large-, mid- or small-capitalization companies, and components primarily include sovereign entities, and financial, industrials and utilities companies. The components of the Underlying Index, and the degree to which these components represent certain industries, may change over time.
The securities in the Underlying Index have $250 million or more par amount outstanding, and have at least 10+ years to final maturity regardless of optionality. In addition, the securities in the Underlying Index must be denominated in U.S. dollars and have a fixed rate, although they can carry a coupon that steps-up or changes according to a predetermined schedule, and must be rated investment grade (Baa3/BBB-/BBB-) or higher using the middle rating of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., Standard and Poor’s Ratings Services, or Fitch, Inc. after dropping the highest and lowest available ratings. When a rating from only two agencies is available, the lower (“more conservative”) rating is used. When a rating from only one agency is available, it is used to determine index eligibility. The Underlying Index is market-capitalization weighted and is rebalanced on the last business day of each month.
As of March 3, 2014, the Underlying Index consisted of 1,773 U.S. dollar-denominated issues of supranational and national entities of, and corporate entities whose principal place of business is in the following countries or regions: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Panama, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and Uruguay.
Changes in the Fund’s Risks
The section of the Prospectus entitled “A Further Discussion of Other Risks” is amended to add the following:
Municipal Securities Risk. Municipal securities are subject to the risk that litigation, legislation or other political events, local business or economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, or the bankruptcy of the issuer could have a significant effect on an issuer’s ability to make payments of principal and/or interest or otherwise affect the value of such securities.
Municipal securities can be significantly affected by political changes as well as uncertainties in the municipal market related to government regulation, taxation, legislative changes or the rights of municipal security holders. Because many municipal securities are issued to finance similar projects, such as those related to education, health care, housing, transportation, utilities, and water and sewer, conditions in these sectors can affect the overall municipal market. In addition, changes in the financial condition of an individual municipal insurer can affect the overall municipal market.
Municipal securities backed by current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets can be negatively affected by the discontinuance of the taxation supporting the project or assets or the inability to collect revenues for the project or from the assets.
The Fund may incur transaction costs as a result of the change in Underlying Index described above.


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If you have any questions, please call 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737).
iShares® is a registered trademark of BlackRock Fund Advisors or its affiliates.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
General Description of the Trust and its Funds 1
Exchange Listing and Trading 2
Investment Strategies and Risks 3
Asset-Backed and Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities 5
Bonds 6
Borrowing 6
Brady Bonds 7
Corporate Bonds 7
Diversification Status 7
Futures and Options 8
High Yield Securities 8
Illiquid Securities 9
Lending Portfolio Securities 9
Mortgage-Backed Pass-Through Securities 10
Municipal Insurance 11
Municipal Securities 11
Options on Futures Contracts 13
Privately-Issued Securities 13
Ratings 14
Regulation Regarding Derivatives 14
Repurchase Agreements 14
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 15
Securities of Investment Companies 15
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments 15
Sovereign and Quasi-Sovereign Obligations 16
Swap Agreements 16
U.S. Government Obligations 16
U.S.-Registered Securities of Non-U.S. Issuers 16
Future Developments 17
General Considerations and Risks 17
Agency Debt Risk 17
Borrowing Risk 17
Call Risk 17
Custody Risk 17
Cyber Security Issues 17
Extension Risk 18
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  Page
Municipal Market Disruption Risk 18
Risk of Derivatives 18
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions 18
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Debt Securities 19
Repurchase Agreement Risk 19
Risk of Swap Agreements 19
Tax Risks Associated with Municipal Securities 19
U.S. Trading Partners Risk 20
U.S. Treasury Obligations Risk 20
Valuation Risk 20
Special Considerations Regarding Investments in California Municipal Securities 20
Special Considerations Regarding Investments in New York Municipal Securities 34
Risk of Investing in Asia 56
Risk of Investing in Australasia 57
Risk of Investing in Central and South America 57
Risk of Investing in Eastern Europe 57
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets 57
Risk of Investing in Europe 59
Risk of Investing in North America 59
Risk of Investing in the Basic Materials Sector 59
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Sector 59
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector 59
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Goods Sector 60
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Services Sector 60
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector 60
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector 60
Risk of Investing in the Financial Sector 60
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector 61
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector 61
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector 61
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector 61
Risk of Investing in the Oil and Gas Sector 62
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector 62
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector 62
Risk of Investing in the Transportation Sector 62
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector 62
Proxy Voting Policy 62
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  Page
Portfolio Holdings Information 63
Construction and Maintenance Standards for the Underlying Indexes 64
The BofA Merrill Lynch Index 65
The BofA Merrill Lynch 10+ Year US Corporate & Yankees IndexSM 65
The Barclays Indexes 66
Barclays U.S. 1-3 Year Credit Bond Index 66
Barclays U.S. 1-3 Year Treasury Bond Index 66
Barclays U.S. 3-7 Year Treasury Bond Index 66
Barclays U.S. 7-10 Year Treasury Bond Index 66
Barclays U.S. 10-20 Year Treasury Bond Index 67
Barclays U.S. 20+ Year Treasury Bond Index 67
Barclays U.S. Agency Bond Index 67
Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index 68
Barclays U.S. Credit Bond Index 68
Barclays U.S. Government/Credit Bond Index 68
Barclays U.S. Intermediate Credit Bond Index 69
Barclays U.S. Intermediate Government/Credit Bond Index 69
Barclays U.S. MBS Index 69
Barclays U.S. Short Treasury Bond Index 69
Barclays US Universal 10+ Year Index 70
The Markit iBoxx Indexes 70
Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid High Yield Index 70
Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid Investment Grade Index 70
The S&P Indexes 71
S&P California AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM 71
S&P National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM 72
S&P New York AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM 73
S&P Short Term National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM 74
Investment Limitations 75
Continuous Offering 77
Management 77
Trustees and Officers 77
Committees of the Board of Trustees 84
Remuneration of Trustees 88
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities 91
Potential Conflicts of Interest 101
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services 107
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Investment Adviser 107
Portfolio Managers 109
Codes of Ethics 113
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements 113
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent 113
Distributor 114
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates 115
Determination of Net Asset Value 116
Brokerage Transactions 119
Additional Information Concerning the Trust 122
Shares 122
Termination of the Trust or a Fund 123
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds 123
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units 124
General 124
Fund Deposit 124
Cash Purchase Method 126
Procedures for Creation of Creation Units 126
Role of the Authorized Participant 126
Placement of Creation Orders 126
Purchase Orders 127
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders 127
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units 127
Issuance of a Creation Unit 128
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions 128
Redemption of Creation Units 129
Cash Redemption Method 130
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions 130
Placement of Redemption Orders 130
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units 132
Regular Holidays 132
Taxes 132
Regulated Investment Company Qualification 133
Taxation of RICs 133
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards 133
Excise Tax 134
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders 134
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General Description of the Trust and its Funds
The Trust currently consists of more than 230 investment series or portfolios. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on December 16, 1999 and is authorized to have multiple series or portfolios. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act” or the “1940 Act”). The offering of the Trust’s shares is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). This SAI relates to the following Funds:
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF1
iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF2
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF3
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF4
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF5
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF6
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF7
iShares Agency Bond ETF8
iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF9
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF10
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF11
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF12
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF13
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF14
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF15
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF16
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF17
iShares MBS ETF18
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF19
iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF20
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF21
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF22

1 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays 1-3 Year Credit Bond Fund to the iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF.
2 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays 1-3 Year Treasury Bond Fund to the iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF.
3 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays 3-7 Year Treasury Bond Fund to the iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF.
4 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays 7-10 Year Treasury Bond Fund to the iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF.
5 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond Fund to the iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF.
6 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays 10-20 Year Treasury Bond Fund to the iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF.
7 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays 20+ Year Treasury Bond Fund to the iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF.
8 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays Agency Bond Fund to the iShares Agency Bond ETF.
9 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P California AMT-Free Municipal Bond Fund to the iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF.
10 On October 17, 2012, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares 10+ Year Government/Credit Bond Fund to the iShares Core Long-Term U.S. Bond ETF. On October 23, 2012, the Fund’s Underlying Index changed from the BofA Merrill Lynch 10+ Year US Corporate & Government IndexSM to Barclays U.S. Long Government/Credit Bond Index. On June 3, 2014, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Core Long-Term U.S. Bond ETF
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  to the iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF. On June 3, 2014, the Fund’s Underlying Index changed from the Barclays U.S. Long Government/Credit Bond Index to the Barclays US Universal 10+ Year Index.
11 On October 17, 2012, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays Aggregate Bond Fund to the iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF. On June 3, 2014, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF to the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF.
12 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays Credit Bond Fund to the iShares Credit Bond ETF. On June 12, 2014, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Credit Bond ETF to the iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF.
13 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays Government/Credit Bond Fund to the iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF.
14 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond Fund to the iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF.
15 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond Fund to the iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF.
16 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays Intermediate Credit Bond Fund to the iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF.
17 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays Intermediate Government/Credit Bond Fund to the iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF.
18 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays MBS Bond Fund to the iShares MBS ETF.
19 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P National AMT-Free Municipal Bond Fund to the iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF.
20 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P New York AMT-Free Municipal Bond Fund to the iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF.
21 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares S&P Short Term National AMT-Free Municipal Bond Fund to the iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF.
22 On July 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares Barclays Short Treasury Bond Fund to the iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF.
The investment objective of each Fund is to seek to track the investment results of a specified benchmark index (each, an “Underlying Index”) representing a segment of the U.S. (and in some cases, non-U.S.) bond market. Each Fund is managed by BFA, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc.
Each Fund offers and issues shares at their net asset value per share (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of shares (“Creation Unit”), generally in exchange for a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) included in its Underlying Index (the “Deposit Securities”), together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (the “Cash Component”). Shares of the Funds are listed for trading on NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca” or the “Listing Exchange”), a national securities exchange. Shares trade in the secondary market and elsewhere at market prices that may be at, above or below NAV. Shares are redeemable only in Creation Units, and, generally, in exchange for portfolio securities and a Cash Component (other than the iShares MBS ETF, which generally redeems Creation Units of its shares solely for cash). Creation Units typically are a specified number of shares, generally ranging from 50,000 to 100,000 shares or multiples thereof.
The Trust reserves the right to permit or require that creations and redemptions of shares are effected fully or partially in cash. Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities, subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain with the Trust a cash deposit equal to at least 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change from time to time, of the market value of the omitted Deposit Securities. See the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Transaction fees and other costs associated with creations or redemptions that include a cash portion may be higher than the transaction fees and other costs associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. In all cases, conditions and fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of SEC rules and regulations applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.
Exchange Listing and Trading
A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in each Fund is contained in the Shareholder Information section of each Fund's Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, that section of the applicable Prospectus.
Shares of each Fund are listed for trading, and trade throughout the day, on the applicable Listing Exchange and other secondary markets. Shares of certain Funds may also be listed on certain non-U.S. exchanges. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Listing Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of shares of any Fund will continue to be met. The Listing Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the shares of a Fund from listing if (i) following the initial 12-month
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period beginning upon the commencement of trading of Fund shares, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of shares of the Fund for 30 or more consecutive trading days, (ii) the value of the Underlying Index on which a Fund is based is no longer calculated or available, (iii) the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available, or (iv) any other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Listing Exchange, makes further dealings on the Listing Exchange inadvisable. The Listing Exchange will also remove shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.
As in the case of other publicly-traded securities, when you buy or sell shares through a broker, you will incur a brokerage commission determined by that broker.
In order to provide additional information regarding the indicative value of shares of the Funds, the Listing Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, or through other widely disseminated means, an updated IOPV for the Funds as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Trust is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IOPVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IOPVs.
An IOPV has a fixed-income securities component and a cash component. The fixed-income securities values included in an IOPV are the values of the Deposit Securities for a Fund. While the IOPV reflects the current value of the Deposit Securities required to be deposited in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, it does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time because the current portfolio of the Fund may include securities that are not a part of the current Deposit Securities. Therefore, a Fund’s IOPV disseminated during the Listing Exchange trading hours should not be viewed as a real-time update of the Fund’s NAV, which is calculated only once a day.
The cash component included in an IOPV consists of estimated accrued interest, dividends and other income, less expenses. If applicable, each IOPV also reflects changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the applicable currency.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the share prices of the Funds in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Funds or an investor's equity interest in the Funds.
Investment Strategies and Risks
Each Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in both fixed-income securities that comprise its relevant Underlying Index and through transactions that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund operates as an index fund and will not be actively managed. Adverse performance of a security in a Fund’s portfolio will ordinarily not result in the elimination of the security from the Fund’s portfolio.
Each Fund engages in representative sampling, which is investing in a sample of securities selected by BFA to have a collective investment profile similar to that of the Fund's Underlying Index. Securities selected have aggregate investment characteristics (based on market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as yield, credit rating, maturity and duration) and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. A fund that uses representative sampling generally does not hold all of the securities that are in its underlying index.
Although the Funds do not seek leveraged returns, certain instruments used by the Funds may have a leveraging effect as described below.
Each of the iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF and the iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF generally invests at least 80% of its assets in the securities of its Underlying Index or in depositary receipts representing securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund may invest the remainder of its assets in in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in securities not included in the Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track the Underlying Index.
Each of the iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF, iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF, iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF, iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF, iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF and the iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF (the “Treasury Funds”) generally invests at least 90% of its assets in the bonds of its Underlying Index and at least 95% of its
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assets in U.S. government bonds. Each Treasury Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in U.S. government bonds not included in its Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Treasury Fund track its Underlying Index. For example, a Treasury Fund may invest in bonds not included in its Underlying Index in order to reflect changes in the relevant Underlying Index (such as reconstitutions, additions and deletions). Each Treasury Fund also may invest up to 5% of its assets in repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government obligations and in cash and cash equivalents, including shares of money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates.
Each of the iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF, iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF and iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF (the “Credit Bond Funds”) and the iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF and iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF (the “Government/Credit Bond Funds”) generally invests at least 90% of its assets in the securities of its Underlying Index. For example, a Fund may invest in bonds not included in its Underlying Index in order to reflect changes in its Underlying Index (such as reconstitutions, additions and deletions). Each Credit Bond Fund and Government/Credit Bond Fund may invest the remainder of its assets in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, including shares of money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in securities not included in its Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index.
The iShares Agency Bond ETF generally seeks to track the performance of its Underlying Index by investing at least 90% of its assets in the securities of the Underlying Index and in investments that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index. The Fund may invest the remainder of its assets in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in securities not included in the Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track the Underlying Index. For example, the Fund may invest in securities not included in the Underlying Index in order to reflect various corporate actions (such as mergers) and other changes in the Underlying Index (such as reconstitutions, additions and deletions). The Fund may lend securities representing up to one-third of the value of the Fund's total assets (including the value of the collateral received). As of December 31, 2012, approximately 89.65% of the composite market value of the bonds represented in the Underlying Index was U.S. agency debentures issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA” or “Fannie Mae”), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC” or “Freddie Mac”) and the Federal Home Loan Bank System (“FHLB”).
The iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF generally seeks to track the performance of its Underlying Index by investing approximately 90% of its assets in the bonds represented in its Underlying Index and in securities that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index. The Fund may invest the remainder of its assets in bonds not included in its Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index, as well as in cash and high-quality, liquid short-term instruments, including shares of money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates. For example, the Fund may invest in securities not included in the Underlying Index in order to reflect various corporate actions (such as mergers) and other changes in the Underlying Index (such as reconstitutions, additions and deletions). As of December 31, 2012, approximately 31.81% of the bonds represented in the Underlying Index were U.S. fixed-rate agency mortgage-backed pass-through securities. U.S. fixed-rate agency mortgage-backed pass-through securities are securities issued by entities such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA” or “Ginnie Mae”), Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae that are backed by pools of mortgages. Most transactions in fixed-rate mortgage-backed pass-through securities occur through standardized contracts for future delivery in which the exact mortgage pools to be delivered are not specified until a few days prior to settlement (“to-be-announced (“TBA”) transactions“). The Fund may enter into such contracts on a regular basis. The Fund, pending settlement of such contracts, will invest its assets in high-quality, liquid short-term instruments, including shares of money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates. The Fund will assume its pro rata share of the fees and expenses of any money market fund that it may invest in, in addition to the Fund's own fees and expenses. The Fund may also acquire interests in mortgage pools through means other than such standardized contracts for future delivery.
The iShares MBS ETF seeks to track the performance of its Underlying Index by investing at least 90% of its assets in the securities of its Underlying Index and in investments that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index. The Fund may invest the remainder of its assets in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in securities not included in the Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track the Underlying Index. The Fund may lend securities representing up to one-third of the value of the Fund's total assets (including the value of the collateral received). As of December 31, 2012, approximately 100% of the bonds represented in the Underlying Index were U.S. agency mortgage-backed pass-through securities. The Underlying Index is represented by approximately 97.36% fixed-rate mortgages and 2.64% hybrid adjustable rate mortgages (“ARMs”). Most transactions in mortgage-backed pass-through securities occur through standardized contracts for future delivery in which the exact mortgage pools to be delivered are not specified until a
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few days prior to settlement TBA transactions. The Fund may enter into such contracts for fixed-rate pass-through securities on a regular basis. The Fund, pending settlement of such contracts, will invest its assets in liquid, short-term instruments, including shares of money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates. The Fund will assume its pro rata share of the fees and expenses of any money market fund that it may invest in, in addition to the Fund's own fees and expenses. The Fund may also acquire interests in mortgage pools through means other than such standardized contracts for future delivery.
The iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF generally invests 90% of its assets in the securities of its Underlying Index and in investments that provide substantially similar exposure to the securities in the Underlying Index. However, the Fund may at times invest up to 20% of its assets in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in bonds not included in the Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track the Underlying Index. For example, the Fund may invest in high yield corporate bonds not included in its Underlying Index in order to reflect prospective changes in the Underlying Index (such as future corporate actions and index reconstitutions, additions and deletions).
The iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF generally invests at least 90% of its assets in the securities of its Underlying Index and at least 95% of its assets in investment-grade corporate bonds. However, the Fund may at times invest up to 20% of its assets in bonds not included in its relevant Underlying Index but which BFA believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index and which are either: (i) included in the broader index upon which the Underlying Index is based (i.e., the Markit iBoxx USD Index); or (ii) new issues which BFA believes are entering or about to enter the Underlying Index or the Markit iBoxx USD Index. The Fund may invest up to 5% of its assets in repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government obligations and in cash and cash equivalents, including shares of money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates.
Each of the iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF, iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF, and iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF (the “Municipal Bond Funds”) generally invests at least 80% of its assets in the securities of its Underlying Index and generally invests 90% of its assets in the securities of its Underlying Index and in securities that provide substantially similar exposure to the securities in its Underlying Index. Each Municipal Bond Fund may at times invest up to 20% of its assets in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, including money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in municipal bonds not included in its Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help each Municipal Bond Fund track its Underlying Index. For example, each Municipal Bond Fund may invest in municipal bonds not included in its Underlying Index in order to reflect prospective changes in its Underlying Index (such as index reconstitutions, additions and deletions). Each of the iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF and iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF generally holds municipal bond securities issued by its respective state and local municipalities whose interest payments are exempt from U.S. federal and state income tax, the federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”), and the federal Medicare contribution tax of 3.8% on “net investment income.” The iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF will generally hold municipal bond securities issued by state and local municipalities whose interest payments are exempt from U.S. federal income tax, the federal AMT, and the federal Medicare contribution tax of 3.8% on “net investment income.” In addition, each Municipal Bond Fund intends to invest any cash assets in one or more affiliated municipal money market funds, which may be advised by BFA or its affiliates.
The iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF generally invests at least 80% of its assets in securities of its Underlying Index. The Fund may at times invest up to 20% of its assets in securities not included in the Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track the Underlying Index, and in futures contracts, options on futures contracts, options and swaps, as well as cash and cash equivalents, including shares of municipal money market funds advised by BFA or its affiliates, as well as in municipal bonds not included in the Underlying Index, but which BFA believes will help the Fund track the Underlying Index. The Fund will generally hold municipal bond securities issued by state and local municipalities whose interest payments are exempt from U.S. federal income tax, the federal AMT, and the federal Medicare contribution tax of 3.8% on “net investment income.” In addition, the Fund intends to invest any cash assets in one or more affiliated municipal money market funds, which may be advised by BFA or its affiliates.
Asset-Backed and Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities.  The iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF and iShares MBS ETF may invest in asset-backed and commercial mortgage-backed securities. Asset-backed securities are securities backed by installment contracts, credit-card receivables or other assets. Commercial mortgage-backed securities are securities backed by commercial real estate properties. Both asset-backed and commercial mortgage-backed securities represent interests in “pools” of assets in which payments of both interest and principal on the securities are made on a regular basis. The payments are, in effect, “passed through” to the holder of the securities (net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of
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the securities). The average life of asset-backed and commercial mortgage-backed securities varies with the maturities of the underlying instruments and, as a result of prepayments, can often be less than the original maturity of the assets underlying the securities. For this and other reasons, an asset-backed or commercial mortgage-backed security’s stated maturity may be shortened, and the security’s total return may be difficult to predict precisely.
Beginning in the second half of 2007 through 2009, the market for asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities experienced substantially, often dramatically, lower valuations and reduced liquidity. These instruments continue to be subject to liquidity constraints, price volatility, credit downgrades and increases in default rates and, therefore, may be more difficult to value and more difficult to dispose of than previously.
Bonds.  Each Fund invests a substantial portion of its assets in U.S. dollar-denominated bonds. A bond is an interest-bearing security issued by a U.S. or non-U.S. company, or U.S. or non-U.S. governmental unit. The issuer of a bond has a contractual obligation to pay interest at a stated rate on specific dates and to repay principal (the bond’s face value) periodically or on a specified maturity date. Bonds generally are used by corporations and governments to borrow money from investors.
An issuer may have the right to redeem or “call” a bond before maturity, in which case a fund may have to reinvest the proceeds at lower market rates. Similarly, a fund may have to reinvest interest income or payments received when bonds mature, sometimes at lower market rates. Most bonds bear interest income at a “coupon” rate that is fixed for the life of the bond. The value of a fixed-rate bond usually rises when market interest rates fall, and falls when market interest rates rise. Accordingly, a fixed-rate bond’s yield (income as a percent of the bond’s current value) may differ from its coupon rate as its value rises or falls. When an investor purchases a fixed-rate bond at a price that is greater than its face value, the investor is purchasing the bond at a premium. Conversely, when an investor purchases a fixed-rate bond at a price that is less than its face value, the investor is purchasing the bond at a discount. Fixed-rate bonds that are purchased at a discount pay less current income than securities with comparable yields that are purchased at face value, with the result that prices for such fixed-rate securities can be more volatile than prices for such securities that are purchased at face value. Other types of bonds bear interest at an interest rate that is adjusted periodically. Interest rates on “floating rate” or “variable rate” bonds may be higher or lower than current market rates for fixed-rate bonds of comparable quality with similar final maturities. Because of their adjustable interest rates, the value of “floating rate” or “variable rate” bonds fluctuates much less in response to market interest rate movements than the value of fixed-rate bonds, but the value may decline if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Each Fund may treat some of these bonds as having a shorter maturity for purposes of calculating the weighted average maturity of its investment portfolio. Generally, prices of higher quality issues tend to fluctuate less with changes in market interest rates than prices of lower quality issues and prices of longer maturity issues tend to fluctuate more than prices of shorter maturity issues. Bonds may be senior or subordinated obligations. Senior obligations generally have the first claim on a corporation’s earnings and assets and, in the event of liquidation, are paid before subordinated obligations. Bonds may be unsecured (backed only by the issuer’s general creditworthiness) or secured (backed by specified collateral).
Borrowing.  Each Fund may borrow as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemptions or to facilitate the settlement of securities or other transactions. Under normal market conditions, any borrowing by a Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s net assets; however, each Fund generally does not intend to borrow money.
The purchase of securities while borrowings are outstanding may have the effect of leveraging a Fund. The incurrence of leverage increases a Fund’s exposure to risk, and borrowed funds are subject to interest costs that will reduce net income. Purchasing securities while borrowings are outstanding creates special risks, such as the potential for greater volatility in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the yield on a Fund’s portfolio. In addition, the interest expenses from borrowings may exceed the income generated by a Fund’s portfolio and, therefore, the amount available (if any) for distribution to shareholders as dividends may be reduced. BFA may determine to maintain outstanding borrowings if it expects that the benefits to a Fund’s shareholders will outweigh the current reduced return.
Certain types of borrowings by a Fund may result in a Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverage, portfolio composition requirements and other matters. It is not anticipated that observance of such covenants would impede BFA from managing a Fund’s portfolio in accordance with a Fund’s investment objectives and policies. However, a breach of any such covenants not cured within the specified cure period may result in acceleration of outstanding indebtedness and require a Fund to dispose of portfolio investments at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
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Brady Bonds.  Certain of the Funds may invest in Brady bonds. Brady bonds are securities created through the exchange of existing commercial bank loans to public and private entities in certain emerging markets for new bonds in connection with debt restructurings. Brady bonds have been issued since 1989. In light of the history of defaults of countries issuing Brady bonds on their commercial bank loans, investments in Brady bonds may be viewed as speculative and subject to the same risks as emerging market securities. Brady bonds may be fully or partially collateralized or uncollateralized, are issued in various currencies (but primarily the U.S. dollar) and are actively traded in over-the-counter (“OTC”) secondary markets. Incomplete collateralization of interest or principal payment obligations results in increased credit risk. U.S. dollar-denominated collateralized Brady bonds, which may be either fixed-rate or floating rate bonds, are generally collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities.
Corporate Bonds. Each Fund (other than the Treasury Funds and Municipal Bond Funds) may invest in investment-grade and/or high yield corporate bonds. High yield corporate bonds may be deemed speculative and more volatile than higher rated securities of similar maturity. The investment return of corporate bonds reflects interest earned on the security and changes in the market value of the security. The market value of a corporate bond may be affected by changes in the market rate of interest, the credit rating of the corporation, the corporation’s performance and perceptions of the corporation in the market place. There is a risk that the issuers of the securities may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument.
Diversification Status.  The following table sets forth the diversification status of each Fund:
Diversified Funds   Non-Diversified Funds
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF
iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF    
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF    
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF    
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF    
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF    
iShares Agency Bond ETF    
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF    
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF    
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF    
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF    
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF    
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF    
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF    
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF    
iShares MBS ETF    
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF    
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF    
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF    
With respect to 75% of its total assets, a “diversified” fund is limited by the 1940 Act such that it does not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one issuer and does not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer (excluding cash and cash items, government securities, and securities of other investment companies). The remaining 25% of the fund’s total assets may be invested in any manner.
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 A “non-diversified” fund is a fund that is not limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. The securities of a particular issuer (or securities of issuers in particular industries) may dominate the underlying index of such a fund and, consequently, the fund’s investment portfolio. This may adversely affect the fund’s performance or subject the fund’s shares to greater price volatility than that experienced by more diversified investment companies.
Each Fund (whether diversified or non-diversified) intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), and to relieve the Fund of any liability for U.S. federal income tax to the extent that its earnings are distributed to shareholders, provided that the Fund satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the Internal Revenue Code may limit the investment flexibility of certain Funds and may make it less likely that the Funds will meet their respective investment objectives.
Futures and Options. Futures contracts and options may be used by a Fund to simulate investment in its Underlying Index, to facilitate trading or to reduce transaction costs. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts and options that are traded on a U.S. or non-U.S. exchange. Each Fund will not use futures or options for speculative purposes.
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific instrument or index at a specified future time and at a specified price. Each Fund may enter into futures contracts to purchase securities indexes when BFA anticipates purchasing the underlying securities and believes prices will rise before the purchase will be made. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
A call option gives a holder the right to purchase a specific security at a specified price (“exercise price”) within a specified period of time. A put option gives a holder the right to sell a specific security at a specified exercise price within a specified period of time. The initial purchaser of a call option pays the “writer” a premium, which is paid at the time of purchase and is retained by the writer whether or not such option is exercised. Each Fund may purchase put options to hedge its portfolio against the risk of a decline in the market value of securities held and may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities it is committed to purchase. Each Fund may write put and call options along with a long position in options to increase its ability to hedge against a change in the market value of the securities it holds or is committed to purchase. Investments in futures contracts and other investments that contain leverage may require each Fund to maintain liquid assets. Generally, each Fund maintains an amount of liquid assets equal to its obligations relative to the position involved, adjusted daily on a marked-to-market basis. With respect to futures contracts that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” each Fund maintains liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market obligation (i.e., each Fund’s daily net liability, if any), rather than the contracts’ notional value (i.e., the value of the underlying asset). By maintaining assets equal to its net obligation under cash-settled futures contracts, each Fund may employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund set aside assets equal to the futures contracts’ full notional value. Each Fund bases its asset maintenance policies on methods permitted by the staff of the SEC and may modify these policies in the future to comply with any changes in the guidance articulated from time to time by the SEC or its staff.
High Yield Securities.  The iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF invests a large percentage of its assets in high yield debt securities, sometimes referred to as “junk bonds.” High yield securities are debt securities rated below investment-grade. Investments in high yield securities generally provide greater potential income and increased opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility and credit risk. These high yield securities are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of debt securities that are high yield may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality debt securities. In addition, high yield securities are often issued by smaller, less creditworthy issuers or by highly leveraged (indebted) firms, which are generally less able than more financially stable firms to make scheduled payments of interest and principal. The risks posed by securities issued under such circumstances are substantial.
Investing in high yield debt securities involves risks that are greater than the risks of investing in higher quality debt securities. These risks include: (i) changes in credit status, including weaker overall credit conditions of issuers and risks of default; (ii) industry, market and economic risk; and (iii) greater price variability and credit risks of certain high yield securities such as zero coupon and payment-in-kind securities. While these risks provide the opportunity for maximizing return over time, they may result in greater volatility of the value of each Fund than a fund that invests in higher-rated securities.
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Furthermore, the value of high yield securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic, company or industry conditions than is the case for higher quality securities. The market values of certain of these lower-rated and unrated debt securities tend to reflect individual corporate developments to a greater extent than do higher-rated securities which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates, and tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than are higher-rated securities. Adverse market, credit or economic conditions could make it difficult at certain times to sell certain high yield securities held by each Fund.
The secondary market on which high yield securities are traded, if any, may be less liquid than the market for higher grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the price at which each Fund could sell a high yield security, and could adversely affect the daily net asset value per share of each Fund. When secondary markets for high yield securities are less liquid than the market for higher grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because there is less reliable, objective data available.
The use of credit ratings as a principal method of selecting high yield securities can involve certain risks. For example, credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of high yield securities. Also, credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since the security was last rated.
Illiquid Securities. Each Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment). Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets, as determined in accordance with SEC staff guidance.
Lending Portfolio Securities. Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain borrowers determined to be creditworthy by BFA, including to borrowers affiliated with BFA. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned. No securities loan shall be made on behalf of a Fund if, as a result, the aggregate value of all securities loans of the particular Fund exceeds one-third of the value of such Fund's total assets (including the value of the collateral received). A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. Each Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower may be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Funds are compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, a Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of each lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, including those affiliated with BFA; such investments are subject to investment risk.
Each Fund conducts its securities lending pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC permitting it to lend portfolio securities to borrowers affiliated with the Fund and to retain an affiliate of the Fund as lending agent. To the extent that a Fund engages in securities lending, BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. (“BTC”) acts as securities lending agent for the Fund, subject to the overall supervision of BFA. BTC administers the lending program in accordance with guidelines approved by the Trust's Board of Trustees (the “Board” or the “Trustees”).
Each Fund retains a portion of the securities lending income and remits a remaining portion to BTC as compensation for its services as securities lending agent. Securities lending income is equal to the total of income earned from the reinvestment of cash collateral (and excludes collateral investment fees as defined below), and any fees or other payments to and from borrowers of securities. As securities lending agent, BTC bears all operational costs directly related to securities lending. Each Fund is responsible for fees in connection with the investment of cash collateral received for securities on loan in a money market fund managed by BFA; however, BTC has agreed to reduce the amount of securities lending income it receives in order to effectively limit the collateral investment fees the Fund bears to an annual rate of 0.04% until December 31, 2014 and 0.05% thereafter (the “collateral investment fees”). Such money market fund shares will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee.
Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement:
(i) Fixed Income Funds retain 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 70% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
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Under the securities lending program the Funds are categorized into specific asset classes. The determination of a Fund’s asset class category (fixed income, domestic equity, international equity or fund-of-funds), each of which may be subject to a different fee arrangement, is based on a methodology agreed to between the Trust and BTC.
In addition, commencing the business day following the date that the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (as defined under “ManagementTrustees and Officers”) in a calendar year exceeds the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex in calendar year 2013 (the “Hurdle Date”) (or lesser amount as may be agreed to by the Funds and BTC), each Fixed Income Fund, pursuant to the securities lending agreement, will receive for the remainder of that calendar year securities lending income as follows:
(i) 80% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 70% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees a Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, a Fund would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral or in recovering the loaned securities, or to a possible loss of rights in the collateral. In the event a borrower does not return a Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. This event could trigger adverse tax consequences for a Fund. A Fund could lose money if its short-term investment of the collateral declines in value over the period of the loan. Substitute payments for dividends received by a Fund for securities loaned out by the Fund will not be considered qualified dividend income. BTC will take into account the tax effects on shareholders of this difference in connection with a Fund’s securities lending program. Substitute payments received on tax-exempt securities loaned out will not be tax-exempt income.
Mortgage-Backed Pass-Through Securities.  A significant portion of the Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index and the entire Barclays U.S. MBS Index represents the U.S. agency mortgage-backed pass-through segment of the U.S. investment-grade bond market. Therefore, a substantial portion of each of the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF's and iShares MBS ETF's assets is invested to seek exposure to a representative sample of U.S. agency mortgage-backed pass-through securities included in such indexes. The term “U.S. agency mortgage-backed pass-through security” refers to a category of pass-through securities backed by pools of mortgages and issued by one of several U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, such as Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. In the basic mortgage-backed pass-through structure, mortgages with similar issuer, term and coupon characteristics are collected and aggregated into a “pool” consisting of multiple mortgage loans. The pool is assigned a CUSIP number and undivided interests in the pool are traded and sold as pass-through securities. The holder of the security is entitled to a pro rata share of principal and interest payments (including unscheduled prepayments) from the pool of mortgage loans. The portion of the Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index and Barclays U.S. MBS Index representing the mortgage-backed pass-through segment of the U.S. investment-grade bond market , if any, may be comprised of multiple pools of fixed-rate and hybrid ARMs mortgage-backed pass-through securities. A hybrid ARM is a mortgage in which the homeowner pays a fixed interest rate for a fixed period of time (typically 3, 5, 7, or 10 years) and a floating rate after that period, combining the features of fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities.
An investment in a specific pool of pass-through securities requires an analysis of the specific prepayment risk of mortgages within the covered pool (since mortgagors typically have the option to prepay their loans). The level of prepayments on a pool of mortgage-backed securities is difficult to predict and can impact the subsequent cash flows, value and yield of the mortgage pool. In addition, when trading specific mortgage pools, precise execution, delivery and settlement arrangements must be negotiated for each transaction. These factors combine to make trading in mortgage pools somewhat cumbersome.
For these and other reasons, the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF and iShares MBS ETF seek to obtain exposure to the fixed-rate portion of the U.S. agency mortgage-backed pass-through securities, which represent a significant portion of their respective Underlying Indexes, in whole or in part through the use of TBA transactions. “TBA” refers to a commonly used mechanism for the forward settlement of U.S. agency mortgage-backed pass-through securities, and not to a separate type of mortgage-backed security. Most transactions in fixed-rate mortgage-backed pass-through securities occur through the use of TBA transactions. TBA transactions generally are conducted in accordance with widely-accepted guidelines which establish commonly observed terms and conditions for execution, settlement and delivery. In a TBA transaction, the buyer and seller decide on general trade parameters, such as agency, settlement date, par amount, and price. The actual pools
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delivered generally are determined two days prior to settlement date. Each of the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF and iShares MBS ETF may use TBA transactions in several ways. For example, each Fund may regularly enter into TBA agreements and “roll over” such agreements prior to the settlement date stipulated in such agreements. This type of TBA transaction is sometimes known as a “TBA roll.” In a TBA roll, each Fund generally will sell the obligation to purchase the pools stipulated in the TBA agreement prior to the stipulated settlement date and will enter into a new TBA agreement for future delivery of pools of mortgage-backed pass-through securities. In addition, each Fund may enter into TBA agreements and settle such transactions on the stipulated settlement date by accepting actual receipt or delivery of the pools of mortgage-backed pass-through securities stipulated in the TBA agreement. Neither Fund is required to use TBA transactions to gain exposure to mortgage pools, and each Fund may choose to purchase those interests in any manner believed by BFA to be in the best interest of the Fund. Each Fund’s use of TBA rolls may cause the Fund to experience higher portfolio turnover, higher transaction costs, and to pay higher capital gain distributions to shareholders (which may be taxable) than other Funds described in this SAI that do not use TBA rolls.
The iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF and iShares MBS ETF intend to invest cash pending settlement of any TBA transactions in money market instruments, repurchase agreements or other high-quality, liquid short-term instruments, including money market funds advised by BFA. Each Fund will assume its pro rata share of fees and expenses of any money market fund that it may invest in, in addition to each Fund’s own fees and expenses.
Municipal Insurance.  A municipal security may be covered by insurance that guarantees the bond’s scheduled payment of interest and repayment of principal. This type of insurance may be obtained by either (i) the issuer at the time the bond is issued (primary market insurance), or (ii) another party after the bond has been issued (secondary market insurance).
Both primary and secondary market insurance guarantee timely and scheduled repayment of all principal and payment of all interest on a municipal security in the event of default by the issuer, and cover a municipal security to its maturity, enhancing its credit quality and value.
Municipal security insurance does not insure against market fluctuations or fluctuations in each of the Municipal Bond Funds' share price. In addition, a municipal security insurance policy will not cover: (i) repayment of a municipal security before maturity (redemption), (ii) nonpayment of principal or interest caused by negligence or bankruptcy of the paying agent, or (iii) prepayment or payment of an acceleration premium (except for a mandatory sinking fund redemption) or any other provision of a bond indenture that advances the maturity of the bond. A mandatory sinking fund redemption may be a provision of a municipal security issue whereby part of the municipal security issue may be retired before maturity.
Because a significant portion of the municipal securities issued and outstanding are insured by a small number of insurance companies, an event involving one or more of these insurance companies could have a significant adverse effect on the value of the securities insured by that insurance company and on the municipal markets as a whole.
Certain significant providers of insurance for municipal securities have recently incurred significant losses as a result of exposure to sub-prime mortgages and other lower credit quality investments that have experienced recent defaults or otherwise suffered extreme credit deterioration. As a result, such losses have reduced the insurers’ capital and called into question their continued ability to perform their obligations under such insurance if they are called upon to do so in the future. While an insured municipal security will typically be deemed to have the rating of its insurer, if the insurer of a municipal security suffers a downgrade in its credit rating or if the market discounts the value of the insurance provided by the insurer, the value of the municipal security would be more, if not entirely, dependent on the rating of the municipal security independent of insurance.
Municipal Securities.  Certain of the Funds may generally invest in municipal securities, the interest payments of which are subject to U.S. federal income tax. Certain of the Funds invest in securities issued in the U.S. market by U.S. states, municipalities and other political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities of states and multi-state agencies or authorities. The municipal securities which the Funds may purchase include general obligation bonds and limited obligation bonds (or revenue bonds), including industrial development bonds issued pursuant to former U.S. federal tax law. General obligation bonds are obligations involving the credit of an issuer possessing taxing power and are payable from such issuer’s general revenues and not from any particular source. Limited obligation bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Industrial development bonds generally are also revenue bonds and thus are not payable from the issuer’s general revenues. The credit and quality of industrial development bonds are usually related to the credit of the corporate user of the facilities. Payment of interest on and repayment of principal of such bonds is the responsibility of the corporate
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user (and/or any guarantor). The Funds may invest in private activity bonds, which are bonds issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds to provide privately operated housing facilities, airport, mass transit or port facilities, sewage disposal, solid waste disposal or hazardous waste treatment or disposal facilities and certain local facilities for water supply, gas or electricity. Other types of private activity bonds, the proceeds of which are used for the construction, equipment, repair or improvement of privately operated industrial or commercial facilities, may constitute municipal securities, although the current U.S. federal tax laws place substantial limitations on the size of such issues.
Municipal notes are shorter-term municipal debt obligations. They may provide interim financing in anticipation of tax collection, receipt of grants, bond sales or revenue receipts. If there is a shortfall in the anticipated proceeds, repayment on a municipal note may be delayed or the note may not be fully repaid, and the Funds may lose money.
Municipal commercial paper is generally unsecured and issued to meet short-term financing needs. The lack of security presents some risk of loss to the Funds since, in the event of an issuer’s bankruptcy, unsecured creditors are repaid only out of the assets, if any, that remain after secured creditors are repaid.
Tender option bonds are synthetic floating rate or variable rate securities issued when long-term bonds are purchased in the primary or secondary market and then deposited into a trust. Custodial receipts are then issued to investors, such as the Funds, evidencing ownership interests in the trust. The remarketing agent for the trust sets a floating or variable rate on typically a weekly basis. The sponsor of a highly leveraged tender option bond trust generally will retain a liquidity provider to purchase the short-term floating rate interests at their original purchase price upon the occurrence of certain specified events. However, the liquidity provider may not be required to purchase the floating rate interests upon the occurrence of certain other events, for example, the downgrading of the municipal bonds owned by the tender option bond trust below investment-grade or certain events that indicate the issuer of the bonds may be entering bankruptcy. The general effect of these provisions is to pass to the holders of the floating rate interests the most severe credit risks associated with the municipal bonds owned by the tender option bond trust and to leave with the liquidity provider the interest rate risk (subject to a cap) and certain other risks associated with the municipal bonds. Tender option bonds may be considered derivatives, and may expose the Funds to the same risks as investments in derivatives, as well as risks associated with leverage, especially the risk of increased volatility. To the extent the Funds invest in tender option bonds, they also are exposed to credit risk associated with the liquidity provider retained by the sponsor of a tender bond option trust.
Variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”) are tax-exempt obligations that contain a floating or variable interest rate adjustment formula and a right of demand on the part of the holder thereof to receive payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest upon a short notice period not to exceed seven days. There is the possibility that because of default or insolvency the demand feature of VRDOs may not be honored. The interest rates are adjustable at intervals (ranging from daily to up to one year) to some prevailing market rate for similar investments, such adjustment formula being calculated to maintain the market rate of the VRDOs at approximately the par value of the VRDOs on the adjustment date. The adjustments typically are based upon the Public Securities Association Index or some other appropriate interest rate adjustment index.
Because of the interest rate adjustment formula, VRDOs are not comparable to fixed-rate securities. During periods of declining interest rates, a Fund’s yield on a VRDO will decrease and its shareholders will forego the opportunity for capital appreciation. During periods of rising interest rates, however, a Fund’s yield on a VRDO will increase and its shareholders will have a reduced risk of capital depreciation.
The market for municipal bonds may be less liquid than for taxable bonds. This means that it may be harder to buy and sell municipal securities, especially on short notice, than non-municipal securities. In addition, the municipal securities market is generally characterized as a buy and hold investment strategy. As a result, the accessibility of municipal securities in the market is generally greater closer to the original date of issue of the securities and lessens as the securities move further away from such issuance date.
Some longer-term municipal securities give the investor the right to “put” or sell the security at par (face value) within a specified number of days following the investor's request - usually one to seven days. This demand feature enhances a security's liquidity by shortening its effective maturity and enables it to trade at a price equal to or very close to par. If a demand feature terminates prior to being exercised, a Fund would hold the longer-term security, which could experience substantially more volatility.
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Municipal securities are subject to credit and market risk. Generally, prices of higher quality issues tend to fluctuate more with changes in market interest rates than prices of lower quality issues and prices of longer maturity issues tend to fluctuate more than prices of shorter maturity issues.
Prices and yields on municipal securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including general money-market conditions, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the municipal security market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. A number of these factors, including the ratings of particular issues, are subject to change from time to time. Information about the financial condition of an issuer of municipal securities may not be as extensive as that which is made available by corporations whose securities are publicly-traded. As a result, municipal securities may be more difficult to value than securities of public corporations.
Obligations of issuers of municipal securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. The U.S. Congress or state legislatures may seek to extend the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or to impose other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. In addition, municipal securities are subject to the risk that their tax treatment could be changed, thereby affecting the value of outstanding municipal securities. There is also the possibility that as a result of litigation or other conditions, such as passing of a referendum, the power or ability of issuers to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal on their municipal securities may be materially affected or their obligations may be found to be invalid or unenforceable. Such litigation or conditions may from time to time have the effect of introducing uncertainties in the market for municipal securities or certain segments thereof, or of materially affecting the credit risk with respect to particular bonds. Adverse economic, business, legal or political developments might affect all or a substantial portion of a Fund’s municipal securities in the same manner.
Options on Futures Contracts.  Each Fund may invest in options on futures contracts. An option on a futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's futures margin account that represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential for loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option plus transaction costs. Because the value of the option is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option changes daily and that change would be reflected in the NAV of each Fund. The potential for loss related to writing call options is unlimited. The potential for loss related to writing put options is limited to the agreed upon price per share, also known as the “strike price,” less the premium received from writing the put.
Each Fund may purchase and write put and call options on futures contracts that are traded on an exchange as a hedge against changes in value of its portfolio securities, or in anticipation of the purchase of securities, and may enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.
Upon entering into a futures contract, each Fund will be required to deposit with the broker an amount of cash or cash equivalents known as “initial margin,” which is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract and is returned to each Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, known as “variation margin,” to and from the broker will be made daily as the price of the index underlying the futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking-to-market.” At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, each Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate each Fund's existing position in the contract.
Privately-Issued Securities.  The Credit Bond Funds, iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF and iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF may invest in privately-issued securities, including those that may be resold only in accordance with Rule 144A or Regulation S under the 1933 Act (“Restricted Securities”). Restricted Securities are not publicly-traded and are subject to a variety of restrictions, which limit a purchaser's ability to acquire or resell such securities. Accordingly, the liquidity of the market for specific Restricted Securities may vary. Delay or difficulty in selling such securities may result in a loss to a Fund.
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Ratings.  An investment-grade rating means the security or issuer is rated investment-grade by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, Fitch Inc. (“Fitch”), or another credit rating agency designated as a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) by the SEC, or is unrated but considered to be of equivalent quality by BFA. Bonds rated Baa3 or above by Moody’s or BBB- or above by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services and Fitch are considered “investment-grade” securities, bonds rated Baa are considered medium grade obligations subject to moderate credit risk and may possess certain speculative characteristics, while bonds rated BBB are regarded as having adequate capacity to meet financial commitments.
Subsequent to purchase by a Fund, a rated security may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below an investment-grade rating. Bonds rated lower than Baa3 by Moody’s or BBB- by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services or Fitch are considered below investment-grade quality and are obligations of issuers that are considered predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal according to the terms of the obligation and, therefore, carry greater investment risk, including the possibility of issuer default and bankruptcy and increased market price volatility. Such securities (“lower-rated securities”) are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” and are subject to a substantial degree of credit risk. Lower-rated securities are often issued by smaller, less creditworthy companies or by highly leveraged (indebted) firms, which are generally less able than more financially stable firms to make scheduled payments of interest and principal. The risks posed by securities issued under such circumstances are substantial. Bonds rated below investment-grade tend to be less marketable than higher-quality bonds because the market for them is less broad. The market for unrated bonds is even narrower. Please see Appendix A of this SAI for a description of each rating category of Moody's, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services and Fitch.
Regulation Regarding Derivatives.  Effective December 31, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) adopted certain regulatory changes that subject registered investment companies and advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a fund invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or if the fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent a Fund uses CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, BFA has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. BFA is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of such Fund.
Certain of the Funds may also have investments in “underlying funds” not advised by BFA (which for purposes of the no-action letter referenced below may include certain securitized vehicles and/or mortgage real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) that may invest in CFTC Derivatives). BFA has no transparency into the holdings of these underlying funds because they are not advised by BFA. To address this issue of lack of transparency, the CFTC staff issued a no-action letter on November 29, 2012 permitting the adviser of a fund that invests in such underlying funds and that would otherwise have filed a claim of exclusion pursuant to Rule 4.5 to delay registration as a “commodity pool operator” until June 30, 2013 or six months from the date in which the CFTC issues additional guidance on the treatment of CFTC Derivatives held by underlying funds. BFA, the adviser of the Funds, has filed a claim with the CFTC for certain of the Funds to rely on this no-action relief.
Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an instrument under which the purchaser (i.e., a Fund) acquires the security and the seller agrees, at the time of the sale, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. If a repurchase agreement is construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities will not be considered to be owned by a Fund but only to constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price, and, in the event of a default by the seller, the Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or losses in connection with the disposition of the collateral.
In any repurchase transaction, the collateral for a repurchase agreement may include: (i) cash items; (ii) obligations issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities; or (iii) obligations that, at the time the repurchase agreement is entered into, are rated in the highest rating category generally by at least two NRSROs, or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by BFA. Collateral, however, is not limited to the foregoing and may include, for example, obligations rated below the highest category by NRSROs. Collateral for a repurchase agreement may also include securities that a Fund could not hold directly without the repurchase obligation. Irrespective of the type of collateral underlying the repurchase agreement, in the case of a repurchase agreement entered into by a non-money market fund, the repurchase obligation of a
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seller must be of comparable credit quality to securities that are rated in the highest two short-term rating categories by at least one NRSRO or, if unrated, deemed by BFA to be of equivalent quality.
Repurchase agreements pose certain risks for a Fund that utilizes them. Such risks are not unique to the Funds, but are inherent in repurchase agreements. The Funds seek to minimize such risks, but because of the inherent legal uncertainties involved in repurchase agreements, such risks cannot be eliminated. Lower quality collateral and collateral with longer maturities may be subject to greater price fluctuations than higher quality collateral and collateral with shorter maturities. If the repurchase agreement counterparty were to default, lower quality collateral may be more difficult to liquidate than higher quality collateral. Should the counterparty default and the amount of collateral not be sufficient to cover the counterparty’s repurchase obligation, a Fund would retain the status of an unsecured creditor of the counterparty (i.e., the position the Fund would normally be in if it were to hold, pursuant to its investment policies, other unsecured debt securities of the defaulting counterparty) with respect to the amount of the shortfall. As an unsecured creditor, a Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements.  Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment and have the characteristics of borrowing. Generally, the effect of such transactions is that a Fund can recover all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the reverse repurchase agreement, while in many cases the Fund is able to keep some of the interest income associated with those securities. Such transactions are advantageous only if a Fund has an opportunity to earn a rate of interest on the cash derived from these transactions that is greater than the interest cost of obtaining the same amount of cash. Opportunities to realize earnings from the use of the proceeds equal to or greater than the interest required to be paid may not always be available and a Fund intends to use the reverse repurchase technique only when BFA believes it will be advantageous to the Fund. The use of reverse repurchase agreements may exaggerate any increase or decrease in the value of a Fund’s assets. A Fund’s exposure to reverse repurchase agreements will be covered by liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than such commitments. The use of reverse repurchase agreements is a form of leverage because the proceeds derived from reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities.
Securities of Investment Companies.  Each Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies (including money market funds) to the extent allowed by law, regulation, exemptive order or SEC staff guidance. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund’s investment in investment companies is limited to, subject to certain exceptions, (i) 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any one investment company, (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company, and (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to investment companies in the aggregate. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, a Fund may invest its assets in securities of investment companies that are money market funds, including those advised by BFA or otherwise affiliated with BFA, in excess of the limits discussed above. Other investment companies in which a Fund invests can be expected to incur fees and expenses for operations, such as investment advisory and administration fees, that would be in addition to those incurred by the Fund.  The iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF may invest in shares of other iShares funds that provide substantially similar exposure to the securities in its Underlying Index. BFA will not charge advisory fees on that portion of the iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF’s assets invested in shares of other iShares funds.
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments.  Each Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including variable rate demand notes, short-term municipal securities, short-term municipal money market funds and money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds (including those advised by BFA or otherwise affiliated with BFA); (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed-time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. banks (including non-U.S. branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated, at the date of purchase, “Prime-1” by Moody's, “F-1” by Fitch or “A-1” by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, or if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by BFA; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; (vi) repurchase agreements; and (vii) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of non-U.S. banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of BFA, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by a Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or forward-settled basis. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
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Sovereign and Quasi-Sovereign Obligations.  Certain of the Funds may invest in sovereign and quasi-sovereign obligations. An investment in sovereign debt obligations involves special risks not present in corporate debt obligations. Sovereign debt includes securities issued or guaranteed by a foreign sovereign government. Quasi-sovereign debt includes securities issued or guaranteed by an entity affiliated with or backed by a sovereign government. Quasi-sovereign debt obligations are typically less liquid and less standardized than sovereign debt obligations. The issuer of the sovereign debt that controls the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due, and a Fund may have limited recourse in the event of a default. Similar to other issuers, changes to financial condition or credit rating of a non-U.S. government may cause the value of a sovereign debt to decline. During periods of economic uncertainty, the market prices of sovereign debt obligations may be more volatile than prices of U.S. debt obligations, which may affect a Fund's NAV. In the past, certain emerging market countries have encountered difficulties in servicing their debt obligations, withheld payments of principal and interest and declared moratoria on the payment of principal and interest on their sovereign debts. Several sovereign issuers have experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about rising government debt levels, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain.
A sovereign debtor's willingness or ability to repay principal and pay interest in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its non-U.S. currency reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange, the relative size of the debt service burden, the sovereign debtor's policy toward principal international lenders and local political constraints. Sovereign debtors may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and other entities to reduce principal and interest arrears on their debt. The failure of a sovereign debtor to implement economic reforms, achieve specified levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of third-party commitments to lend funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair such debtor's ability or willingness to service its debts. Quasi-sovereign debt obligations are typically less liquid and less standardized than government debt.
Swap Agreements.  Swap agreements are contracts between parties in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on the change in market value or level of a specified rate, index or asset. In return, the other party agrees to make periodic payments to the first party based on the return of a different specified rate, index or asset. Swap agreements will usually be performed on a net basis, with a Fund receiving or paying only the net amount of the two payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap is accrued on a daily basis and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained by the Fund.
The use of interest rate and index swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. These transactions generally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal.
U.S. Government Obligations.  Certain of the Funds may invest in various types of U.S. government obligations. U.S. government obligations are a type of bond and include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. government obligations (i) may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or (ii) may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself (as with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) notes). In the latter case, each Fund must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities where it is not obligated to do so. As a general matter, the value of debt instruments, including U.S. government obligations, declines when market interest rates increase and rises when market interest rates decrease. Certain types of U.S. government obligations are subject to fluctuations in yield or value due to their structure or contract terms.
U.S.-Registered Securities of Non-U.S. Issuers.  Each Fund (other than the iShares Agency Bond ETF, Municipal Bond Funds and Treasury Bond Funds) may invest in U.S.-registered, U.S. dollar-denominated bonds of non-U.S. governments, agencies, supranational entities and corporate issuers. The Credit Bond Funds, iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF and iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF may invest in Restricted Securities issued by non-U.S. issuers. Investing in U.S.-registered, U.S. dollar-denominated bonds or Restricted Securities issued by non-U.S. issuers involves some risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. issuers. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in foreign countries, and potential
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restrictions of the flow of international capital. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to less governmental regulation than U.S. issuers. In addition, the risk that the issuer may fail to meet its obligations on these securities may be affected by fluctuations in non-U.S. currency exchange rates between the issuer's local currency and the U.S. dollar. Moreover, individual non-U.S. economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product (“GDP”), rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions.
Future Developments.  The Board may, in the future, authorize each Fund to invest in securities contracts and investments other than those listed in this SAI and in the applicable Prospectus, provided they are consistent with each Fund's investment objective and do not violate any investment restrictions or policies.
General Considerations and Risks
A discussion of some of the principal risks associated with an investment in a Fund is contained in each Fund's Prospectus. An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers of the portfolio securities, the value of bonds in general, and other factors that affect the market.
Agency Debt Risk. Certain of the Funds may invest in unsecured bonds or debentures issued by government agencies, including Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. Bonds or debentures issued by government agencies are generally backed only by the general creditworthiness and reputation of the government agency issuing the bond or debenture and are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
Some government agencies, including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, purchase and guarantee residential mortgages and form mortgage-backed securities that they issue to the market. These agencies also hold their own mortgage-backed securities as well as those of other institutions with funding from the agency debentures they issue. Recent events in the markets for mortgage-backed securities have adversely affected the value of those mortgage-backed securities held and/or issued by these agencies.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were placed under the conservatorship of the U.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) in September 2008. Under this conservatorship, the FHFA will operate and manage the agencies, and the U.S. Department of the Treasury has agreed to provide capital as needed (up to $100 billion per agency) to ensure that the agencies continue to provide liquidity to the housing and mortgage markets. It is unclear what effect this conservatorship will have on the securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. As a result, these securities are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds).
Borrowing Risk.  Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the return on a Fund’s portfolio. Borrowing will cost a Fund interest expense and other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce a Fund’s return. Borrowing may cause a Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations.
Call Risk.  During periods of falling interest rates, an issuer of a callable bond held by certain Funds may “call” or repay the security before its stated maturity, which may result in a Fund having to reinvest the proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Fund's income.
Custody Risk.  Custody risk refers to the risks inherent in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of their local markets. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems.
Cyber Security Issues.  With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, each Fund is susceptible to operational and information security risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cyber security failures or breaches by a Fund’s third party service providers (including, but not limited to, index providers, fund accountants and transfer agents) and the issuers of securities in which the Funds invest,
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have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result. While the Funds have established business continuity plans and risk management systems to prevent such cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Funds cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by issuers in which the Funds invest.
Extension Risk.  During periods of rising interest rates, certain obligations will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated and the value of those securities may fall sharply, resulting in a decline to a Fund’s income and potentially in the value of a Fund’s investments.
Municipal Market Disruption Risk.  The value of municipal securities may be affected by uncertainties in the municipal market related to legislation or litigation involving the taxation of municipal securities or the rights of municipal securities holders in the event of a bankruptcy. Proposals to restrict or eliminate the U.S. federal income tax exemption for interest on municipal securities are introduced before the U.S. Congress from time to time. Proposals also may be introduced before state legislatures that would affect the state tax treatment of a municipal fund’s distributions. If such proposals were enacted, the availability of municipal securities and the value of a Municipal Bond Fund’s holdings would be affected, and the Trustees would reevaluate the Fund’s investment objective and policies. Municipal bankruptcies are relatively rare, and certain provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code governing such bankruptcies are unclear and remain untested. Further, the application of state law to municipal issuers could produce varying results among the states or among municipal securities issuers within a state. These legal uncertainties could affect the municipal securities market generally, certain specific segments of the market, or the relative credit quality of particular securities. Any of these effects could have a significant impact on the prices of some or all of the municipal securities held by a Municipal Bond Fund.
Risk of Derivatives.  A derivative is a financial contract, the value of which depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset such as a security or an index. Each Fund may invest in variable rate demand notes and obligations, and tender option bonds, which may be considered derivatives. Compared to conventional securities, derivatives can be more sensitive to changes in interest rates or to sudden fluctuations in market prices and thus a Fund's losses may be greater if it invests in derivatives than if it invests only in conventional securities. Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations.
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions. There are several risks accompanying the utilization of futures contracts and options on futures contracts. A position in futures contracts and options on futures contracts may be closed only on the exchange on which the contract was made (or a linked exchange). While each Fund plans to utilize futures contracts only if an active market exists for such contracts, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist for the contract at a specified time. Furthermore, because, by definition, futures contracts project price levels in the future and not current levels of valuation, market circumstances may result in a discrepancy between the price of the bond index future and the movement in the relevant Underlying Index. In the event of adverse price movements, a Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, a Fund may be required to deliver the instruments underlying the future contracts it has sold.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts or uncovered call options in some strategies (e.g., selling uncovered bond index futures contracts) is potentially unlimited. Each Fund does not plan to use futures and options contracts in this way. The risk of a futures position may still be large as traditionally measured due to the low margin deposits required. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit. Each Fund, however, intend to utilize futures and options contracts in a manner designed to limit their risk exposure to levels comparable to a direct investment in the types of bonds in which it invest.
Utilization of futures and options on futures by a Fund involves the risk of imperfect or even negative correlation to its Underlying Index if the index underlying the futures contract differs from the Underlying Index. There is also the risk of loss by a Fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in the futures
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contract or option. The purchase of put or call options will be based upon predictions by BFA as to anticipated trends, which predictions could prove to be incorrect.
Because the futures market generally imposes less burdensome margin requirements than the securities market, an increased amount of participation by speculators in the futures market could result in price fluctuations. Certain financial futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount by which the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day's settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting each Fund to substantial losses. In the event of adverse price movements, each Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Debt Securities.  Certain of the Funds may invest in non-U.S. debt securities. An issuer of a security may be deemed to be located in a particular country if (i) the principal trading market for the security is in such country, (ii) the issuer is organized under the laws of such country, or (iii) the issuer derives at least 50% of its revenues or profits from such country or has at least 50% of its assets situated in such country. An investment in these Funds involves risks associated with investing in a portfolio of debt securities traded on foreign exchanges and over-the-counter in the respective countries covered by the Funds. These risks typically include market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in bond prices. Investing in a Fund whose portfolio contains non-U.S. issuers involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in the securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include generally less liquid and less efficient securities markets; generally greater price volatility; less publicly-available information about issuers; the imposition of withholding or other taxes; the imposition of restrictions on the expatriation of funds or other assets of the Fund; higher transaction and custody costs; delays and risks attendant in settlement procedures; difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations; lower liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization of most non-U.S. securities markets; different accounting and disclosure standards; lower levels of regulation of the securities markets; more substantial government interference with the economy; higher rates of inflation; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty; and the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets and risk of war.
The United States and the European Union (the “EU”) have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian individuals and a financial institution. The United States or the EU could also institute broader sanctions on Russia. These sanctions, or even the threat of further sanctions, may result in the decline of the value and liquidity of Russian securities, a weakening of the ruble or other adverse consequences to the Russian economy. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities, impairing the ability of iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities. Sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities.
Repurchase Agreement Risk.  A repurchase agreement is an instrument under which the purchaser (i.e., the Fund) acquires a security and the seller agrees, at the time of the sale, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. If a repurchase agreement is construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities will not be considered to be owned by the Fund but only to constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price. If the seller defaults on its obligation under the agreement, the Fund may suffer delays and incur costs or lose money in exercising its rights under the agreement. If the seller fails to repurchase the security and the market value of the security declines, the Fund may lose money.
Risk of Swap Agreements.  The risk of loss with respect to swaps generally is limited to the net amount of payments that a Fund is contractually obligated to make. Swap agreements are subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will default on its obligations. If such a default occurs, a Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect such Fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g., a Fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive).
Tax Risks Associated with Municipal Securities.  As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in shares of each Municipal Bond Fund will be taxed. The tax information in the relevant Prospectus and this SAI is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in shares of each Municipal Bond Fund.
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Unless your investment in shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, such as an individual retirement account, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when each Municipal Bond Fund makes distributions or you sell Municipal Bond Fund shares.
In response to the recent national economic downturn, governmental cost burdens may be reallocated among federal, state and local governments. Also, as a result of the downturn, many state and local governments are experiencing significant reductions in revenues and are consequently experiencing difficulties meeting ongoing expenses. Certain of these state or local governments may have difficulty paying principal or interest on their outstanding debt and may experience ratings downgrades of their debt.
U.S. Trading Partners Risk.  The United States is a significant, and in some cases the most significant, trading partner of or foreign investor in certain countries in which the Fund invests and the economies of these countries may be particularly affected by changes in the U.S. economy. The U.S. economy has recently experienced very difficult conditions and volatility, as well as significant adverse trends. While government intervention and recent legislation has been enacted to improve the U.S. economy, the recovery has been fragile and modest. Decreasing U.S. imports, new trade regulations, changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rate or a recession in the United States may have a material adverse effect on economies of these countries and, as a result, securities to which the Fund has exposure.
U.S. Treasury Obligations Risk.  Certain of the Funds invest in various types of U.S. Treasury securities. U.S. Treasury obligations may differ from other securities in their interest rates, maturities, times of issuance and other characteristics. Similar to other issuers, changes to the financial condition or credit rating of the U.S. government may cause the value of U.S. Treasury obligations to decline.
On August 5, 2011, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services downgraded U.S. Treasury securities from a AAA rating to AA+. A downgrade of the ratings of U.S. government debt obligations, which are often used as a benchmark for other borrowing arrangements, could result in higher interest rates for individual and corporate borrowers, cause disruptions in the international bond markets and generally have a substantial negative effect on the U.S. economy. A downgrade of U.S. Treasury securities from another ratings agency or a further downgrade beyond AA+ rating by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services may cause the value of a Fund's U.S. Treasury obligations to decline.
Valuation Risk.  In certain circumstances, a Fund’s securities may be valued using techniques other than market quotations. The value established for a security may be different from what would be produced through the use of another methodology or if the value had been priced using market quotations. Securities that are valued using methods other than market quotations, including “fair valued” securities, may be subject to greater fluctuation in their value from one day to the next than would be the case if market quotations were used. In addition, there is no assurance that a Fund could sell a security for the value established for it at any time, and it is possible that a Fund could incur a loss if a security is sold for less than its established value.
Special Considerations Regarding Investments in California Municipal Securities
Following is a brief summary of some of the factors that may affect the financial condition of the State of California (referred to herein as the “State” or “California”) and its political subdivisions. The summary is neither a complete nor a comprehensive description of these factors or an analysis of financial conditions and may not be indicative of the financial condition of issuers of obligations or any particular projects financed with the proceeds of such obligations. Many factors not included in the summary, such as the national economy, social and environmental policies and conditions, and the national and international markets for products produced in California, could have an adverse impact on the financial condition of California and its political subdivisions. It is not possible to predict whether and to what extent those factors may affect the financial condition of California and its political subdivisions.
The following summary is based upon the most recent publicly available budget documents and offering statements relating to public debt offerings of the State. This summary has not been updated nor will it be updated during the year. Neither the iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF nor its legal counsel has independently verified this information.
Overview
The State, like the rest of the nation, has been slowly emerging from the most significant economic downturn since the Great Depression. While the California economy has been improving since 2009, by mid-2011 the State Department of Finance
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indicated that, due a host of external factors, economic progress had slowed. Although the State labor market conditions have improved since the depths of the recession, the State’s unemployment rate, at 9.0% in April 2013, was approximately 1.5 percent higher than the national average. Furthermore, relatively weak housing markets and depressed construction activity continue to dampen economic growth within the State.
In addition to a slow recovery from the recent recession, California has faced serious budgetary problems in the past as a result of previous structural imbalances between State revenues and expenditures. A decline in the State Treasury General Fund (the “General Fund”) revenue, which fell more than 18% in fiscal year 2009-10 from the height in fiscal year 2007-08, contributed to multi-billion dollar deficits in prior years. However, with the approval by the voters in November 2012 of a seven-year personal income tax increase and a four-year sales tax increase (known as Proposition 30), the State significantly improved its general fiscal condition. As a result of the passage of Proposition 30 and other measures taken by the administration, the State’s Legislative Analyst’s Office (the “LAO”) reported in January 2013 that the State had reached a point where its underlying expenditures and revenues are roughly in balance. See “Proposition 30” below.
The adopted State budget for fiscal year 2012-13 (the “2012-13 Budget Act”), which attempted to address a $15.7 billion budget gap for fiscal years 2011-12 and 2012-13, was projected to leave a fiscal year-end reserve of approximately $948 million, although recent projections show a smaller year end reserve. Nonetheless, the projected budget results are a dramatic improvement from prior budgets following the recession, which consistently had multi-billion dollar deficits. See “Proposed 2013-14 State Budget” and “2012-13 Budget Act” below.
Most local government agencies continue to face budget constraints due to limited taxing powers and a weakened economy, among other factors. Unfunded pension and other post-retirement liabilities also weigh heavily upon the State as well as many local jurisdictions. Generous and unfunded salary and benefit packages payable to local public employees, especially safety personnel, have weighed heavily on many cities throughout the State. Counties, in particular, also face the rising costs of mandated expenditures for health, welfare and public safety.
Economic Factors
California is by far the most populous state in the nation, almost 50% larger than Texas, the second-ranked state, according to the 2010 U.S. Census. The State’s estimated population of about 38 million represented over 12% of the total United States population.
California’s economy, the largest among the 50 states and one of the largest and most diverse in the world, has major components in high technology, trade, entertainment, agriculture, manufacturing, government, tourism, construction and services. The relative proportion of the various components of the California economy closely resembles the make-up of the national economy.
California’s job market remains the weakest it has been in decades. The State’s unemployment rate increased from 6.1% at the start of 2008 to a high of 12.5% in the last four months of 2010. The State’s unemployment rate was 9.0% in April 2013. In comparison, the United States unemployment rate for April 2013 was 7.5%.
State personal income declined by 2.8% in 2009 from the previous year due to the large toll of lost jobs during the recession. This was the State’s first decline in personal income on a year-over-year basis since 1938. The decline in personal income during the first quarter of 2009, 1.8%, was the largest in 40 years. However, State wages made substantial gains at the end of 2010 and continued throughout 2011. State personal income increased nearly 2.5% in 2010 from the previous year, increased 5.6% in 2011 from 2010 and increased approximately 3.5% in the first three quarters of 2012 compared to the first three quarters of 2011.
In 2009, taxable sales were down nearly 15% from the prior year and down nearly 20% from the peak reached in 2007. In 2010, taxable sales increased nearly 5% from the previous year, but were still down over 17% from the peak reached in 2007. Taxable sales during 2011 increased 8.2% from 2010 but were down nearly 9% from the peak reached in 2007. Taxable sales in the first three quarters of 2012 were 7.9% higher than the taxable sales over the same period in 2011.
The total assessed valuation of property in the State was 1.8% lower at the commencement of fiscal year 2010-11 than it was in the commencement of the prior fiscal year and 2.4% lower than at the commencement of fiscal year 2009-10. These are the only year-to-year declines in the Statewide property tax values since the State began keeping records in 1933.
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According to the Department of Finance, home building and real estate markets continue to be a major source of economic weakness for the State. The Statewide median price for existing single-family homes decreased more than 6% from 2010 to 2011, bringing the average median price to approximately $300,000. In February 2013, this number had increased to $333,880, a 24% increase from a year earlier. Still, this median price is significantly lower than the 2007 annual median price of $560,270. In 2010, the State had the fourth highest rate of foreclosure in the United States, with foreclosure filings at nearly twice the national rate.
Home building permitting, which suffered a long, steady decline from 2006 through 2009, increased nearly 6% and 5% in 2010 and 2011, respectively. In July 2012, home permitting was up nearly 83% from a year earlier. Despite these gains, the overall level of residential construction activity was 80% lower in 2010 and 2011 than during the pre-recession peak reached in 2004.
After slowing sharply in 2008, nonresidential construction permitting increased 1.3% in 2010 as compared with 2009 and increased 16.3% in 2011 as compared to 2010. Nevertheless, nonresidential building activity has fluctuated within a relatively narrow (and low) range since the beginning of 2009. During the three months ended July 2012, nonresidential permitting was down nearly 24% from the same months of 2011.
Constitutional Limitations on Taxes, Other Charges, Appropriations and General Fund Revenues
Over the years, a number of constitutional amendments have been enacted, often through voter initiatives, which have increased the difficulty of raising State taxes or restricted the use of General Fund revenues. Some of the more significant of these approved constitutional amendments are described below. Because of the complex nature of these initiatives and the ambiguities and possible inconsistencies in their terms, it is not possible to predict with certainty the impact on California debt obligations or on the ability of the State or local governments to pay debt service on such California debt obligations. Further initiatives or legislative changes in laws or the California Constitution may also affect the ability of the State or local issuers to repay their obligations.
Limitation on Property Taxes. Certain California debt obligations may be obligations of issuers that rely in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, on ad valorem property taxes as a source of revenue. The taxing powers of California local governments and districts are limited by Article XIIIA of the California Constitution (“Article XIIIA”), enacted by the voters in 1978 and commonly known as “Proposition 13.” Briefly, Article XIIIA limits the rate of ad valorem property taxes to 1% of full cash value of real property and generally restricts the reassessment of property to 2% per year, except upon new construction or change of ownership (subject to a number of exemptions).
Taxing entities, however, may raise ad valorem taxes above the 1% limit to pay debt service on voter-approved bonded indebtedness.
Under Article XIIIA, the basic 1% ad valorem tax levy is applied against the assessed value of property as of the owner’s date of acquisition (or as of March 1, 1975, if acquired earlier), subject to certain adjustments. This system has resulted in widely varying amounts of tax on similarly situated properties. Several lawsuits were filed challenging the acquisition-based assessment system of Proposition 13, but it was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1992.
Article XIIIA prohibits local governments from raising revenues through ad valorem taxes above the 1% limit; it also requires voters of any governmental units to give two-thirds approval to levy certain taxes. For further discussion on voter approval requirements under Article XIIIA, see “—Voter Requirements for Taxes and Fees” below.
Limitations on Other Taxes, Fees and Charges. On November 5, 1996, the voters of the State approved Proposition 218, called the “Right to Vote on Taxes Act.” Proposition 218 added Article XIIIC (“Article XIIIC”) and Article XIIID (“Article XIIID”) to the State Constitution, which contain a number of provisions affecting the ability of local agencies to levy and collect both existing and future taxes, assessments, fees and charges.
Article XIIIC requires that all new or increased local taxes be submitted to the voters before they become effective. Proposition 26, discussed below under the caption entitled “—Voter Requirements for Taxes and Fees,” amended Article XIIIC by adding an expansive definition of “taxes” to include many regulatory fees currently imposed by the State and its municipalities. Taxes for general governmental purposes require a majority vote and taxes for specific purposes require a two-thirds vote.
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Article XIIID contains several provisions making it generally more difficult for local agencies to levy and maintain “assessments” for municipal services and programs. Article XIIID also contains several provisions affecting “fees” and “charges,” defined for purposes of Article XIIID to mean “any levy other than an ad valorem tax, a special tax, or an assessment, imposed by a local government upon a parcel or upon a person as an incident of property ownership, including a user fee or charge for a property related service.” All new and existing property related fees and charges must conform to requirements prohibiting, among other things, fees and charges which generate revenues exceeding the funds required to provide the property related service or are used for unrelated purposes. Article XIIID imposes notice, hearing and protest procedures for levying or increasing property related fees and charges, and, except for fees or charges for sewer, water and refuse collection services (or fees for electrical and gas service, which are not treated as “property related” for purposes of Article XIIID), no property related fee or charge may be imposed or increased without majority approval by the property owners subject to the fee or charge or, at the option of the local agency, two-thirds voter approval by the electorate residing in the affected area.
In addition to the provisions described above, Article XIIIC removes limitations on the initiative power in matters of local taxes, assessments, fees and charges. Consequently, local voters, by future initiative, could repeal, reduce or prohibit the future imposition or increase of any local tax, assessment, fee or charge. It is unclear how this right of local initiative may be used in cases where taxes or charges have been or will be specifically pledged to secure debt issues.
Voter Requirements for Taxes and Fees. Proposition 26, known as the “Supermajority Vote to Pass New Taxes and Fees Act” was approved by State voters on November 2, 2010. Proposition 26 amends provisions of Article XIIIA and Article XIIIC governing the imposition of taxes. Proposition 26 requires a two-thirds supermajority vote in the State Legislature prior to the imposition of any change in State statute which results in any taxpayer paying a higher tax. This new requirement eliminated the prior practice that allowed, via majority vote, one tax to be increased if another tax is lowered by an equivalent amount. Furthermore, any increase in a fee beyond the amount needed to provide the specific service or benefit is deemed a “tax,” and thus would require two-thirds vote of any governmental units for passage. Finally, Proposition 26 applies retroactively to any measures passed on or after January 1, 2010. Thus, any tax or fee that was adopted after January 1, 2010 with a majority vote that would have required a two-thirds vote if Proposition 26 were in place, was repealed on November 2, 2011, unless readopted by the necessary two-thirds vote.
Appropriations Limits. The State and its local governments are subject to an annual “appropriations limit” imposed by Article XIIIB of the California Constitution (“Article XIIIB”), enacted by the voters in 1979 and significantly amended by Propositions 98 and 111 in 1988 and 1990, respectively. Article XIIIB prohibits the State or any covered local government from spending “appropriations subject to limitation” in excess of the appropriations limit imposed. “Appropriations subject to limitation” are authorizations to spend “proceeds of taxes,” which consist of tax revenues and certain other funds, including proceeds from regulatory licenses, user charges or other fees, to the extent that such proceeds exceed the cost of providing the product or service, but “proceeds of taxes” exclude most State subventions to local governments. No limit is imposed on appropriations of funds which are not “proceeds of taxes,” such as reasonable user charges or fees, and certain other non-tax funds, including bond proceeds.
Among the expenditures not included in the Article XIIIB appropriations limit are (i) the debt service cost of bonds issued or authorized prior to January 1, 1979, or subsequently authorized by the voters, (ii) appropriations to comply with mandates of courts or the federal government, (iii) appropriations for certain capital outlay projects, (iv) appropriations by the State of post-1989 increases in gasoline taxes and vehicle weight fees, and (v) appropriations made in certain cases of emergency.
The appropriations limit for each year is adjusted annually to reflect changes in cost of living and population, and any transfers of service responsibilities between government units.
“Excess” revenues are measured over a two year cycle. Local governments must return any excess to taxpayers by rate reductions. The State must refund 50% of any excess, with the other 50% paid to schools and community colleges.
With more liberal annual adjustment factors since 1988, and depressed revenues in the early 1990s because of the recession, few governments have been operating near their spending limits, but this condition may change over time. Local governments may by voter approval exceed their spending limits for up to four years. The Department of Finance estimates the State was $14.4 billion under the limit in fiscal year 2012-13 and projects the State will be approximately $16.6 billion under its limit in fiscal year 2013-14.
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Dedication of General Fund Revenues to Schools. The single largest portion of the State budget is support for K-12 public schools and community college districts. Proposition 98, an initiative measure adopted originally in 1988, mandates that a set percentage of General Fund revenues be spent for K-14 schools, with the balance of school funding provided by a share of local property taxes. Proposition 98 is extremely complex, and results in significant fiscal problems when, as in current conditions, General Fund revenues fall short of the projections on which the original appropriations to schools were made. For further discussion regarding Proposition 98, see “Proposition 98 and K-14 Funding” below.
Obligations of the State
The State has always paid when due the principal of and interest on its general obligation bonds, general obligation commercial paper notes, lease-revenue obligations and short-term obligations, including revenue anticipation notes and revenue anticipation warrants. The State Constitution prohibits the creation of general obligation indebtedness of the State unless a bond measure is approved by a majority of the electorate voting at a general election or a direct primary.
Capital Facilities Financing. The State builds and acquires capital facilities primarily through the use of general obligation bonds and lease-purchase borrowing. Under the State Constitution, debt service on outstanding general obligation bonds is the second charge to the General Fund after support of the public school system and public institutions of higher education. Since 2006, the voters and/or the State Legislature have authorized a significant amount of new general obligation bonds, lease revenue bonds and other General Fund-supported debt. From July 1, 2006 to February 1, 2013, the State aggregate principal amount of outstanding obligations primarily supported by the General Fund rose from $44.8 billion to approximately $86.5 billion. This outstanding debt consists of approximately $72.9 billion of general obligation bonds, approximately $11.7 billion of lease-revenue bonds and $1.9 billion of bonds issued for repayment of budgetary borrowing from local governments pursuant to Proposition 1A (as defined herein). Moreover, as of February 1, 2013, the State had approximately $39.1 billion of authorized and unissued General Fund-supported general obligation bonds ($31.9 billion) and lease revenue bonds ($7.2 billion). In addition, a ballot measure is scheduled to be submitted to the voters in November 2014 (rescheduled from 2012) authorizing an additional $11.1 billion of general obligation bonds, principally to enhance the State’s water supply system.
Based upon revenue estimates by the State Treasurer’s Office, and including the debt issuances planned during the current fiscal year described below, debt service on General Fund-supported general obligation bonds, lease-revenue debt and Proposition 1A debt is estimated to equal approximately 9.0% of General Fund revenues in fiscal year 2012-13 and 7.8% of General Fund revenues in fiscal year 2013-14. However, after giving effect to the receipt of federal “Build America Bond” subsidy payments from the federal government and the availability of special funds that may be used to pay a portion of the debt service, the estimated ratios fall to 7.8% and 6.3% respectively.
Future Bond Issuance Plans. As the State had $39.1 billion of authorized but unissued General Fund-supported debt as of February 1, 2013, the issuance of General Fund-supported debt, primarily general obligation bonds, is likely to increase in coming years. Based upon the State’s current budget projections approximately $6.5 billion of such obligations will be issued in calendar year 2013. However, the exact amount that may be issued will depend on market conditions, budget priorities, the ratings of State bonds and other factors. See “Bond Ratings” below.
Cash Management. As part of its cash management program, the State has regularly issued short-term obligations to meet cash flow needs. External borrowing is typically done with revenue anticipation notes that are payable later in the fiscal year in which they are issued. The State issued $5.4 billion of revenue anticipation notes for fiscal year 2011-12 (which have been repaid). The State Treasurer sold $10 billion of revenue anticipation notes in August 2012 as part of the State’s cash management program for fiscal year 2012-13. It is likely that the issuance of revenue anticipation notes will recur in future fiscal years.
The State is also authorized under certain circumstances to issue revenue anticipation warrants that are payable in the succeeding fiscal year, as well as registered refunding warrants issued to refund revenue anticipation warrants. The State has issued revenue anticipation warrants to bridge short-term cash flow shortages in five years since 1992. From time to time, the State Legislature defers various payments due under State statute, in order to more closely align the State’s revenues with its expenditures. This technique has been used in the last four State budgets, in order to reduce the State’s need for external borrowing to bridge its cash flow deficit during such fiscal years. Some of these statutory deferrals were made permanent and others were implemented for one fiscal year. Further, State law gives the State Controller some flexibility to delay payments to various payees, including State vendors, when the State Controller foresees a relatively short-term cash flow
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shortage. In addition, the State issued IOUs in lieu of cash payments in July and August 2009, the second such issuance since the 1930s. For more information regarding the State’s recent cash management programs, see “Recent Financial Results” below.
Obligations of State Agencies
A number of State agencies and authorities issue obligations secured or payable from specified revenue streams. These obligations are not payable from the General Fund and carry different ratings than the State’s general obligation bonds. As of December 31, 2012, the State Department of Water Resources had approximately $9.4 billion of outstanding revenue bonds secured by power and water users, and the California Housing Finance Agency had approximately $5.6 billion of outstanding revenue bonds secured by mortgage loans made for single family and multi-family housing units. The Regents of the University of California has been one of the largest issuers of revenue bonds in recent years, with over $12.1 billion of outstanding revenue bonds secured by certain revenues of the University of California, as of December 31, 2012. None of these revenue bonds are backed by the State’s faith and credit or taxing power.
Recent Financial Results
Historically, the principal sources of General Fund revenues are personal income tax, sales and use tax and corporation tax. In fiscal year 2012-13, these sources are expected to contribute approximately 65.1%, 20.6% and 7.6%, respectively, of total General Fund revenues and transfers. The personal income tax structure is highly progressive with the top 1% of taxpayers paying almost 41% of the total personal income tax in tax year 2010. The personal income tax has been made even more progressive with the passage of Proposition 30, which imposed additional taxes on earnings over $250,000 (retroactive to calendar year 2012), resulting in an income tax of 12.3% on earnings over $1 million. A large portion of personal income tax receipts is derived from capital gains realizations and stock option income. These sources can be particularly volatile.
Sales and use taxes and corporation taxes are subject to economic fluctuations as well, and have also been adversely affected by the State’s slow recovery from the recent recession. Moreover, compared to the rest of the nation, California relies less on a relatively stable revenue source, the property tax, because of Proposition 13.
The Department of Finance reported that General Fund revenues fell over 18% from the height of revenues in fiscal year 2007-08 to the bottom in fiscal year 2009-10 and projected that baseline revenues would not return to the fiscal year 2007-08 levels until at least fiscal year 2014-15.
The State is required to maintain a Special Fund for Economic Uncertainties (the “SFEU”), derived from General Fund revenues, as a reserve to meet cash needs of the General Fund, but which is required to be replenished as soon as sufficient revenues are available. Year-end balances in the SFEU are included for financial reporting purposes in the General Fund balance. Due to recurring cash flow shortfalls, the SFEU was in deficit of $3.9 billion, as of June 30, 2011 and $3.6 billion as of June 30, 2012. The 2012-13 Budget Act projected an SFEU balance of $948 million as of June 30, 2013. However, the Governor revised the projected SFEU balance in the 2013-14 May Revision to $232 million as of June 30, 2013. See “Proposed 2013-14 State Budget” and “2012-13 Budget Act—General Fund Budget Summary” below.
The sharp drop in revenues and the recurring use of flawed budget assumptions in the previous fiscal years resulted in a significant depletion of cash resources to pay the State’s obligations. In order to meet its General Fund obligations, the State resorted to long term budgetary borrowings. By February 2009, the State was forced to defer certain payments from the General Fund in order to conserve cash resources for high priority obligations, such as education and debt service. In July 2009 the State’s cash resources had dwindled so far that the State Controller began to issue IOUs for certain lower priority obligations. This issuance was only the second time the State has issued IOUs since the 1930s.
In order to address the State’s cash flow emergency in calendar years 2009 and 2010, Governor Schwarzenegger ordered layoffs and unpaid furloughs of State employees.
The State entered fiscal year 2010-11 without a State budget for the 19th time in 25 years, which prompted the State Controller to withhold $6.7 billion in payments from the General Fund to, among other payees, private businesses that contract with the State, school districts for categorical programs such as special education and remedial summer school, community colleges, local governments and other agencies. Once the 2010-11 Budget Act was enacted, however, the State was able to meet its obligations through short-term borrowings.
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The 2011-12 and 2012-13 Budget Acts were both enacted timely. Further, with the approval by the voters of Proposition 30, the State significantly improved its general fiscal condition. As a result of the passage of Proposition 30 and other measures taken by the administration, the LAO reported in January 2013 that the State had reached a point where its underlying expenditures and revenues are roughly in balance. See “Proposition 30” below.
In fact, on January 10, 2013, the Governor proposed a state budget for fiscal year 2013-14 (the “2013-14 Governor’s Budget”), which, contrary to recent years in which the State faced multibillion-dollar deficits, reflected an improvement in the State’s finances (resulting in significant part from the enhanced revenues from Proposition 30), and even assumed a modest operating surplus at the end of fiscal year 2012-13.
Proposition 30
The cornerstone of the 2012-2013 budget plan was Proposition 30, which was approved by the voters in November 2012. Proposition 30 increases personal income tax on annual earnings over $250,000 for seven years, and increases the State’s sales and use tax by one-quarter of 1% for four years. The LAO has projected that Proposition 30 will result in an average annual State revenue gain of $6.0 billion per year from fiscal years 2012-13 through 2016-17, and approximately $5.4 billion in fiscal 2017-18 and $2.2 billion in fiscal year 2018-19. These tax increases will be used to pay for the State’s Proposition 98 school funding obligations and other State programs.
The Governor projects that if his policies remain in effect and revenues continue to increase as projected, a significant amount of the $27.8 billion of outstanding budgetary borrowings and deferrals will be repaid by 2015-16. There can be no assurance that that a further deterioration in State revenues and/or increases in State expenditures in current or future fiscal years will allow the State to retire these borrowings as projected by the Governor.
Proposition 98 and K-14 Funding
Throughout the 1980s, State spending increased rapidly as the State population and economy also grew rapidly, including increased spending for many assistance programs to local governments, which were constrained by Proposition 13 and other laws. The largest State program is assistance to local public school districts. In 1988, the voters of the State approved Proposition 98, a combined initiative constitutional amendment and statute, which (subject to suspension by a two-thirds vote of the State Legislature and the Governor) guarantees local school districts and community college districts a minimum share of General Fund revenues (the “Proposition 98 Guarantee”). The Proposition 98 Guarantee is calculated each fiscal year using one of three “tests” that apply under varying fiscal and economic conditions. The 2012-13 Budget Act provides approximately 40% of General Fund revenues in fiscal year 2012-13 for K-14 programs covered by the Proposition 98 Guarantee. For fiscal year 2012-13, the Proposition 98 Guarantee is $53.6 billion, of which $36.8 billion is payable from the General Fund. This Proposition 98 Guarantee level reflects an increase in General Fund revenues in fiscal year 2012-13, and the adjustment of the Proposition 98 Guarantee for revenue and program shifts. In prior years, the State Legislature has approved suspensions of the Proposition 98 guarantee to satisfy budget shortfalls. The Proposition 98 guarantee includes a portion of new revenue from the tax increases reflected in Proposition 30, as discussed below in “2012-13 Budget Act.” For further information on the limitations on General Fund revenues imposed by Proposition 98, see “Constitutional Limitations on Taxes, Other Charges, Appropriations and General Fund Revenues—Dedication of General Fund Revenues to Schools” above.
State and Local Pension and Post-Retirement Liabilities
The financial condition of the State and its localities is also subject to pension risks. The pension funds managed by the State’s retirement systems, the California Public Employees’ Retirement System (“CalPERS”) and the California State Teachers’ Retirement System (“CalSTRS”), sustained significant investment losses during the economic downturn and currently have substantial unfunded liabilities which will require increased contributions from the General Fund in future years.
The most recent actuarial valuation of CalPERS, based on data through June 30, 2011, showed an accrued unfunded liability allocable to state employees (excluding judges and elected officials) of $27.2 billion on an actuarial value of assets (“AVA”) basis and $38.5 billion on a market value of assets (“MVA”) basis. CalSTRS reported the unfunded accrued actuarial liability of its Defined Benefit Plan as of June 30, 2011 at $64.5 billion on an AVA basis (an increase of $8.5 billion from the June 30, 2010 valuation), and $68.4 billion on an MVA basis (a decrease of $10.8 billion from the June 30, 2010 valuation).
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The recent economic downturn has called into question the reliability of assumed rates of return used to determine actuarial unfunded pension liabilities. CalPERS and CalSTRS have used an assumed 7.75% rate of return to calculate their respective unfunded liabilities. However, at its meeting in February 2012, the CalSTRS Board voted to lower the investment earnings assumption to 7.50% (a reduction of 0.25%) commencing for actuarial valuations dated June 30, 2011. Similarly, at its meeting in March 2012, the CalPERS Board also voted to lower the investment earnings assumption to 7.50% (a reduction of 0.25%) commencing for actuarial valuations dated June 30, 2011. These assumption changes will likely result in significant increases in unfunded liability. For example, the Department of Finance estimates that the assumption change for CalPERS will result in an increase in the State’s total contribution for fiscal year 2012-13 of approximately $304 million, of which approximately $173 million would be payable from the General Fund. The assumption changes will also increase retirement contributions for many local agencies which contract with CalPERS to manage their pension programs.
In April 2013, CalPERS approved new actuarial policies that are aimed at returning the CalPERS system to fully-funded status within 30 years. These new policies include a rate-smoothing method with a 30-year fixed amortization period for gains and losses (rather than the current 30-year rolling amortization method). CalPERS did, however, delay the implementation of the new policy until 2015-16 for the State, schools and all public agencies. These new policies are projected to increase required State and local contributions. Absent a significant change in the investment market, it is likely that, in the future, the State will be forced to significantly increase its pension fund and post-retirement benefit contributions, reducing discretionary funds available for other State programs. Further, the State’s credit ratings may be affected if the State does not reduce or manage these unfunded liabilities. See “Bond Ratings” below.
Many local governments in the State face similar and, in many cases, relatively more severe issues relating to unfunded pension and post-retirement benefit liabilities. These credit ratings, and even solvency of these local governments may be at risk in the future if these liabilities are not appropriately addressed through wage concessions and restructuring of benefits. Three cities, Vallejo, Stockton and San Bernardino, entered bankruptcy under Chapter 9 of the Federal Bankruptcy Code, largely as a result of escalating labor cost (particularly safety personnel) and unfunded pension and post-retirement liabilities. Other cities and counties have expressed public concerns about their ability to meet their unfunded pension and other post-retirement liabilities, and a willingness to entertain bankruptcy as an option to resolve their fiscal problems. The Town of Mammoth Lakes also entered bankruptcy under Chapter 9 of the Federal Bankruptcy Code, but for different reasons, namely due to a large judgment entered against the city. There can be no assurances that the fiscal stress and cash pressures currently facing the State and its localities will not continue or become more difficult, particularly if the economic recovery falters.
Both constitutional initiatives and State legislation have been circulated or proposed attempting to reform the State’s pension systems on the State and local basis. The State Legislature approved a comprehensive pension reform package affecting State and local government, known as California Public Employees’ Pension Reform Act of 2013 (“PEPRA”) which the governor signed into law on September 12, 2012. PEPRA implements lower defined-benefit formulas with higher retirement ages for new State employees hired on or after January 1, 2013, and includes provisions to increase current employee contributions. Provisions in the reform legislation affecting the CalSTRS system do not change the State’s statutory contribution rate and will not likely have a material effect on State contributions in the short term, although a Senate Concurrent Resolution approved by both houses in August 2012 declares legislative intent to adopt measures during the 2013-14 legislative session to address the long-term funding needs of CalSTRS. The LAO’s analysis of PEPRA concludes that the legislation will have little or no effect on State finances in 2012-13. Further, in a preliminary actuarial analysis of PEPRA, CalPERS projected total savings to the State of between $10.3 billion and $12.6 billion over the next 30 years due primarily to increased employee contributions and, as the workforce turns over, lower benefit formulas that will gradually reduce normal costs. Total savings to the State and local governments combined have been reported at between $40 billion and $60 billion over the next 30 years.
There are many other bills (which could impact the General Fund) passed by the State Legislature in the recent legislative session which remain under consideration by the Governor. However, California courts have been largely supportive of the vested or earned pension rights of State and local employees. Thus reform efforts have been focused largely on limitations on future benefits for new employees, bringing limited, if any, immediate financial relief.
The State Budget
Overview. The State’s fiscal year begins on July 1 and ends on June 30 of the following year. The annual budget is proposed by the Governor by January 10 of each year for the next fiscal year (the “Governor’s Budget”). Under State law, the Governor’s
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Budget cannot provide for projected expenditures in excess of projected revenues for the ensuing fiscal year. State law also requires the Governor to update the Governor’s Budget projections and budgetary proposals by May 14 of each year (the “May Revision”). The May Revision is generally the basis for final negotiations between the Governor and the State Legislature to reach agreement on appropriations and other legislation to fund State government for the upcoming fiscal year (the “Budget Act”). The budget must be balanced, as required by Proposition 58 (discussed below) and pursuant to Proposition 25, enacted on November 2, 2010, must be approved by a majority (instead of two-thirds, under prior law) of each house of the State Legislature. State law requires the Governor to sign the budget by the start of the fiscal year on July 1, a requirement that has only been met 11 times in the last three decades. However, the enactment of Proposition 25 should make it easier for the State to meet its constitutional requirements. The Legislature approved and Governor Brown signed both the 2012-13 Budget Act and the 2011-12 Budget Act before the start of each such fiscal year.
Constraints on the Budget Process. Recent State Constitutional amendments approved by State voters have affected the budget process. Several such amendments are described below.
Balanced Budget Amendment. On March 2, 2004, voters approved Proposition 58; a constitutional amendment called the “Balanced Budget Amendment,” which requires the State to enact a balanced budget and establish a special reserve and restricts future borrowing to cover fiscal year-end deficits. As a result of the provisions requiring the enactment of a balanced budget and restricting borrowing, the State would in some cases have to take more immediate actions to correct budgetary shortfalls. Proposition 58 requires the State Legislature to pass a balanced budget and provides for mid-year adjustments in the event that the budget falls out of balance and the Governor calls a special legislative session to address the shortfall. The balanced budget determination is made by subtracting expenditures from all available resources, including prior-year balances.
If the Governor determines that the State is facing substantial revenue shortfalls or spending increases, the Governor is authorized to declare a fiscal emergency. He or she would then be required to propose legislation to address the emergency and call the State Legislature into special session for that purpose. If the State Legislature fails to pass and send to the Governor legislation to address the fiscal emergency within 45 days, the State Legislature would be prohibited from acting on any other bills or adjourning in joint recess until such legislation is passed.
Proposition 58 also requires that a special reserve Budget Stabilization Account (the “BSA”) be established, which is funded by annual transfers of specified amounts from the General Fund, unless suspended or reduced by the Governor or until a specified maximum amount has been deposited. The Governor suspended the annual transfer of money from the General Fund to the BSA for fiscal years 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13. The BSA is currently unfunded due to withdrawals and defundings in recent years.
Proposition 58 also prohibits certain future borrowing to cover fiscal year-end deficits. This restriction applies to general obligation bonds, revenue bonds, and certain other forms of long-term borrowing. The restriction does not apply to certain other types of borrowing, such as short-term borrowing to cover cash shortfalls in the General Fund (including revenue anticipation notes or revenue anticipation warrants currently used by the State), or inter-fund borrowings.
State-Local Fiscal Relations. The enactment of Proposition 1A in November 2004 (“Proposition 1A of 2004”) and Proposition 22 or the “Local Taxpayer, Public Safety, and Transportation Protection Act of 2010,” (“Proposition 22”) in November 2010, significantly changed the fiscal relationship between the State and local governments by severely limiting the State’s access to local funding sources.
Specifically, Proposition 1A of 2004 amended the State Constitution to, among other things, reduce the State’s access to property tax, sales tax and vehicle license fee revenues raised by local governments. Proposition 1A of 2004 also prohibits the State from mandating activities on cities, counties or special districts without providing funding to comply with the mandates. If the State does not provide funding for the activity that has been mandated, the requirement to abide by the mandate is suspended.
Proposition 1A of 2004 allowed the State, starting in fiscal year 2008-09, to borrow up to 8% of local property tax revenues but only if the Governor declared a fiscal hardship and with two-thirds approval of each house of the State Legislature. Pursuant to the 2009-10 Budget Act, the State borrowed approximately $2 billion under Proposition 1A of 2004 to offset General Fund costs for a variety of court, health, corrections and K-12 programs. Proposition 22 prohibits any future borrowing by the State of local government funds.
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In addition, Proposition 22 prohibits the State Legislature, among other things, from taking or reallocating money raised by local governments for local purposes, from making changes in the allocation of property taxes among local governments designed to aid State finances, from using State fuel tax revenues to pay debt service on State transportation bonds, from borrowing or changing the distribution of State fuel tax revenues, and from using vehicle licensing fee revenues to reimburse local governments for State-mandated costs. The inability of the State to borrow or redirect funds from these sources, as it has in recent fiscal years, will reduce the State’s flexibility in reaching budget solutions in the future.
Proposed 2013-14 State Budget
2013-14 Governor’s Budget. On January 10, 2013, the Governor proposed the 2013-14 Governor’s Budget. Contrary to recent years in which the State faced multibillion-dollar deficits, the 2013-14 Governor’s Budget reflected an improvement in the State’s finances (resulting in significant part from the enhanced revenues from Proposition 30), and, in updating the projected results of the 2012-13 Budget Act, even assumed a modest surplus in the SFEU Fund at the end of fiscal year 2012-13.
The 2013-14 Governor’s Budget included annual funding increases for public higher education, as well as funding to begin to pay for the expansion of Medi-Cal, the State’s Medicaid healthcare program for low-income families. This Medi-Cal expansion is required by the federal Affordable Care Act that was enacted on March 23, 2011.
LAO Overview of 2013-14 Governor’s Budget. In its January 14, 2013 report on the 2013-14 Governor’s Budget, the LAO recognized a “significant improvement” in the State’s finances, and that the State had “reached a point where its underlying expenditures and revenues are roughly in balance.” Nonetheless, the LAO commented that there were still considerable risks to revenue estimates given the uncertainty at the federal level over “fiscal cliff” issues related to the debt limit and sequestration, as well as normal volatility in the State revenue structure. In addition, the Governor’s commitment to paying down debt would not leave the State with a sizable reserve at the end of 2016-17 under his multi-year plan, and would not have begun addressing huge unfunded liabilities associated with the teachers’ retirement system and State retiree benefits.
2013-14 May Revision. On May 14, 2013, Governor Brown released the May Revision (the “2013-14 May Revision”) to the 2013-14 Governor’s Budget, which updated policy proposals, revenue projections and estimated expenditures for fiscal years 2012-13 and 2013-14. The 2013-14 May Revision forecasted General Fund revenues at $2.8 billion higher for fiscal year 2012-13 and $1.3 billion lower for fiscal year 2013-14 than what was projected in the 2013-14 Governor’s Budget. The 2013-14 May Revision assumes about $1.3 billion lower in spending in fiscal year 2013-14. After accounting for these changes and others, the May Revision anticipates that the State would end fiscal year 2013-14 with a $1.1 billion reserve, which is slightly higher than what was projected in the 2013-14 Governor’s Budget.
LAO Overview of the 2013-14 May Revision. On May 17, 2013, the LAO released a report entitled “The 2013-14 Budget: Overview of the May Revision,” which provides an analysis of the 2013-14 May Revision. The LAO noted that for fiscal years ended 2011-12, 2012-13, and 2013-14 combined, the administration’s updated forecast anticipated that revenues will be $749 million higher than indicated in its January estimates (not counting a new $500 million loan proposal in the May Revision, which is booked to the revenue side of the budget). The LAO’s own forecast was $3.2 billion higher than the administration’s May Revision total for fiscal years ended 2011-12, 2012-13, and 2013-14 combined. The LAO stated that it “did not agree with the Governor’s view that there has been a significant dimming of the State’s near-term prospects” and that “the Governor’s new revenue forecast does not seem to reflect some recent economic improvements—most notably, a sharp increase in stock prices.” The LAO noted, however, that the ongoing federal budget negotiations remain an “economic wild card.”
General Fund Budget Summary. A summary of the condition of the State’s General Fund, as projected in the 2013-14 May Revision is set forth below. The budget reflects the tax increases from Proposition 30.
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2013-14 May Revision
General Fund Condition
(Dollars in Millions)
          Proposed for 2013-14
  Actual
2011-12
  Adopted
2012-13
  Percent Change
from Actual
2011-12
  Proposed
2013-14
  Percent Change
from Adopted
2012-13
Prior-year General Fund balance $ (2,282)   $ (1,658)       $ 850    
Revenues and transfers 87,071   98,195   11.3%   97,235   (1.0)%
Total resources available 84,789   96,537       98,085    
Total Expenditures 86,404   95,687   9.7%   96,353   0.7%
Ending General Fund balance (1,615)   850       1,732    
Encumbrances 618   618       618    
Reserves (1) (2,233)   232       1,114    
                   

(1) Reflects the administration’s projection of the balance in the SFEU.
2012-13 Budget Act
The 2012-13 Budget Act was passed by the State Legislature and signed by Governor Brown on June 27, 2012. This was the second time since 2006 that the State began a new fiscal year with a budget in place. The 2012-13 Budget Act, which attempted to close a $15.7 billion budget gap in fiscal years 2011-12 and 2012-13 is projected by the 2013-14 May Revision, to both close the budget gap and leave a fiscal year-end reserve of approximately $232 million.
As stated, the cornerstone of the budget plan was Proposition 30, a temporary increase in income and sales taxes which the Governor proposed and which was approved by voters in November 2012.
The 2012-13 Budget Act also included significant reductions in social service and subsidized child care programs.
A summary of some of the budget “solutions” approved in the 2012-13 Budget Act, totaling $16.6 billion, are as follows:
$6.0 billion in Revenue Actions, of which $5.6 billion are assumed to come from the temporary tax increases provided in Proposition 30.
$8.1 billion in Expenditure Reductions. The 2012-13 Budget Act relied on deep spending reductions in most areas of State finance and government, including, among other things, reductions in the areas of health and human services such as Medi-Cal and CalWORKs, K-12 education, child care and development programs, and other reductions, such as redevelopment assets, State mandates, the judiciary and employee compensation.
$2.5 billion in Other Solutions. The remaining solutions consisted largely of one-time loans and transfers.
Future Budgets
The State’s ability to balance its budget going forward may be affected by budget pressures, including particularly potential significant increases in required State contributions to pension funds or other post-employment benefits, increased debt service payments, potential adverse decisions in litigation, and deferred obligations to schools and local governments.
Pending Litigation
There are currently numerous legal proceedings pending against the State, that if determined adversely against the State, could affect the State’s expenditures, and in some cases, its revenues and cash flow. Information regarding some of the more significant litigation pending against the State would ordinarily be included in various public documents issued by the State, such as the official statements prepared in connection with the issuance of general obligation bonds of California. See “Additional Information” below for information on how to obtain such official statements.
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Bond Ratings
As of May 1, 2013, the following ratings for the State’s general obligation bonds have been received from Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) and Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”):
Moody’s   S&P   Fitch
A1   A   A-
These ratings are among the lowest of any of the 50 states. These ratings apply only to the State’s general obligation bonds and are not indicative of the ratings assigned to bonds issued by local governments, such as counties, cities, school districts and other local agencies of the State.
Any explanation of the significance of such ratings may be obtained only from the rating agency furnishing such ratings. There is no assurance that such ratings will continue for any given period of time or that they will not be revised downward or withdrawn entirely if, in the judgment of the particular rating agency, circumstances so warrant.
Additional Information
Information regarding the State’s financial condition is included in various public documents issued by the State, such as the official statements prepared in connection with the issuance of general obligation bonds of California. Such official statements may be obtained by contacting the State Treasurer’s Office at (800) 900-3873 or at www.treasurer.ca.gov.
Periodic reports on revenues and/or expenditures during the fiscal year are issued by the Administration, the State Controller’s Office and the LAO. The Department of Finance issues a monthly bulletin, which reports the most recent revenue receipts as reported by State departments, comparing those receipts to budget projections. The State Controller issues a monthly report on General Fund cash receipts and disbursements. These reports are normally released on the 10th day of every calendar month for the period ended on the last day of the prior month. The Administration also formally updates its budget projections three times during each fiscal year– in January, May and at the time of budget enactment. These bulletins and reports are available on the internet at websites maintained by the agencies and by contacting the agencies at their offices in Sacramento, California. Investors are cautioned that interim financial information is not necessarily indicative of results for a fiscal year.
Publications from the LAO can be read in full by accessing the LAO’s website (www.lao.ca.gov) or by contacting the LAO at (916) 445-4656.
Complete text of the Budget Acts may be found at the Electronic Budget website of the Department of Finance (www.ebudget.ca.gov).
None of the information on the above websites is incorporated herein by reference.
Local Governments
The primary units of local government in California are the 58 counties, which range in population from approximately 1,102 in Alpine County to approximately 9.9 million in Los Angeles County.
Counties are responsible for the provision of many basic services, including indigent healthcare, welfare, jails, and public safety in unincorporated areas. There are also approximately 480 incorporated cities in California and thousands of special districts formed for education, utilities, and other services. The fiscal condition of local governments was changed when Proposition 13, which added Article XIII A to the State Constitution, was approved by California voters in 1978. Proposition 13 reduced and limited the future growth of property taxes and limited the ability of local governments to impose “special taxes” (those devoted to a specific purpose) without two-thirds voter approval. Although Proposition 13 limited property tax growth rates, it also has had a smoothing effect on property tax revenues, ensuring greater stability in annual revenues than existed before Proposition 13 passed.
Proposition 218, another constitutional amendment enacted by initiative in 1996, further limited the ability of local governments to raise taxes, fees, and other exactions. See “Constitutional Limitations on Taxes, Other Charges, Appropriations and General Fund Revenues—Limitations on Other Taxes, Fees and Charges” above.
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In the aftermath of Proposition 13, the State provided aid to local governments from the General Fund to make up some of the loss of property tax moneys, including assuming principal responsibility for funding K-12 schools and community colleges. During the recession of the early 1990s, the State Legislature reduced the post-Proposition 13 aid to local government entities other than K-12 schools and community colleges by requiring cities and counties to transfer some of their property tax revenues to school districts. However, the State Legislature also provided additional funding sources, such as sales taxes, and reduced certain mandates for local services funded by cities and counties.
Beginning in 2000, and in part caused by the “internet bubble,” the State was faced with increasing financial stress and began to divert local revenue resources, including sales tax, vehicle license fees and redevelopment moneys, to the State coffers. The 2004-05 Budget Act, related legislation and the enactment of Proposition 1A in 2004 and Proposition 22 in 2010 (described below) dramatically changed the State-local fiscal relationship.
Proposition 1A of 2004 amended the State Constitution to, among other things, reduce the State Legislature’s authority over local government revenue sources by placing restrictions on the State’s access to local governments’ property, sales, and vehicle license fee revenues as of November 3, 2004.
Proposition 22, adopted on November 2, 2010, supersedes Proposition 1A of 2004 and completely prohibits any future borrowing by the State from local government funds, and generally prohibits the State Legislature from making changes in local government funding sources. See “The State Budget—Constraints on the Budget Process—State-Local Fiscal Relations” above.
The 2011-12 Budget Act contained a realignment plan to shift certain State program costs to counties and provided a comparable amount of funds to support these new county commitments. Under the realignment plan, a total of $6.3 billion in fiscal year 2011-12 was, and ongoing funds for such programs thereafter will be, provided to counties for court security, corrections and public safety, mental health services, substance abuse treatment, child welfare programs, adult protective services, and the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (“CalWORKs”) program. Consequently, local governments, particularly counties, bear an increased part of the financial burden of providing program services, including the risks of cost overruns, revenue declines and insufficient revenue growth. The LAO estimates that during fiscal year 2012-13 the State will transfer approximately $5.9 billion of sales tax and vehicle license fee revenues to the counties under the realignment plan.
To the extent the State is constrained by its obligation to schools under Proposition 98, or other fiscal considerations, the absolute level (or the rate of growth) of State assistance to local governments may continue to be reduced. Any such reductions in State aid could compound the serious fiscal constraints already experienced by many local governments, particularly counties and schools. The economic slowdown in the State in the last few fiscal years, with its corresponding reduction in State and local revenues, will put additional pressure on local government finances in the coming years.
Many local governments are also facing substantial increases in pension liabilities and healthcare costs for retirees, as a result of generous retirements benefits granted during recent economic boom times. For more information regarding pension liabilities, see “State and Local Pension Liabilities” above. At the same time that local governments are facing rising labor and benefit costs, local governments are limited in their ability to levy and raise property taxes and other forms of taxes, fees or assessments, due to State Constitutional as well as (in some cases) local initiatives. Further, the major sources of revenues for local government, property taxes and sales taxes, as well as fees based on real estate development have all been adversely impacted by the economic recession. As a consequence, local governments may increasingly be forced to cut local services to address budget shortfalls or to take even more drastic actions, such as a bankruptcy filing.
Obligations of Other Issuers
Other Issuers of California Debt Obligations. There are a number of State agencies, instrumentalities and political subdivisions of the State that issue municipal obligations, some of which may be conduit revenue obligations payable from payments from private borrowers. These entities are subject to various economic risks and uncertainties, and the credit quality of the securities issued by them may vary considerably from the credit quality of obligations backed by the full faith and credit of the State. For example, assessment bonds may be adversely affected by a general decline in real estate values or a slowdown in real estate sales activity.
California Long-Term Lease Obligations. Based on a series of court decisions, certain long-term lease obligations, though typically payable from the General Fund or a municipality, are not considered “indebtedness” requiring voter approval. Such
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leases, however, are subject to “abatement” in the event the facility being leased is unavailable for beneficial use and occupancy by the municipality during the term of the lease. Abatement is not a default, and there may be no remedies available to the holders of the certificates evidencing the lease obligation in the event abatement occurs. The most common cases of abatement are failure to complete construction of the facility before the end of the period during which lease payments have been capitalized and uninsured casualty losses to the facility (e.g., due to earthquake). In the event abatement occurs with respect to a lease obligation, lease payments may be interrupted (if all available insurance proceeds and reserves are exhausted) and the certificates may not be paid when due. Further, lease obligations may represent executory contracts which could be rejected in a bankruptcy proceeding under Chapter 9 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. Although litigation is brought from time to time that challenges the constitutionality of such lease arrangements, the California Supreme Court issued a ruling in August 1998 which reconfirmed the legality of these financing methods.
Tax Increment and the Dissolution of Redevelopment Agencies.
Until 2011, local redevelopment agencies throughout the State issued “tax allocation” bonds or similar obligations secured by the increase in assessed valuation of a redevelopment project area after the start of redevelopment activity. Throughout the years, redevelopment agencies issued billions of dollars of tax allocation bonds. In addition, the State has regularly borrowed or appropriated redevelopment tax increments to address its budget shortfalls.
In late-December 2011, the State Supreme Court upheld the validity of legislation, enacted earlier in 2011, that would eliminate redevelopment agencies (as well as the issuance of tax allocation bonds) in the State. On February 1, 2012, all redevelopment agencies in California were dissolved and the process of unwinding their financial affairs began.
The legislation dissolving redevelopment agencies preserved the pledge of tax increment revenues to the payment of tax allocation bonds or tax allocation supported obligations. In addition the passage of “clean-up” legislation has clarified many outstanding issues relating to the implementation of the legislation, and in particular the mechanics of assuring the payment of outstanding tax allocation obligations. Consequently, tax allocation bonds and other obligations continue to be paid in accordance with their terms, although many of these bonds continue to experience financial stress due to the decline in tax increment revenues as a result of the continuing mortgage crisis. Also, many jurisdictions (largely cities) with redevelopment agencies subsidized their general fund operations through the use of tax increment revenues. Consequently the dissolution of redevelopment agencies and the reallocation of tax increment revenue to other taxing entities has resulted in additional fiscal stress for many of these local jurisdictions. Over time, the elimination of redevelopment agencies and the redirection of tax increment revenues to local taxing entities may provide some relief to the State as well as the local taxing entities.
Other Considerations. The repayment of industrial development securities or single family mortgage revenue bonds secured by real property may be affected by California laws limiting foreclosure rights of creditors. Under California law, mortgage loans secured by single family homes can be prepaid at any time without penalty, except in the first five years of the loan, and subject to limits on the size of the penalty. Such prepayments may affect the ability of the issuer of single family mortgage bonds to repay the bonds. Securities backed by healthcare and hospital revenues may be affected by changes in State regulations governing cost reimbursements to healthcare providers under Medi-Cal (the State’s Medicaid program), including risks related to the policy of awarding exclusive contracts to certain hospitals. See “Obligations of State Agencies” and “—Other Issuers of California Debt Obligations” above.
The effect of previously described constitutional initiatives as well as other statutory changes upon the ability of California municipal securities issuers to pay interest and principal on their obligations remains unclear. Furthermore, other measures affecting the taxing or spending authority of California or its political subdivisions may be approved or enacted in the future. Legislation has been or may be introduced that would modify existing taxes or other revenue-raising measures or which either would further limit or, alternatively, would increase the abilities of State and local governments to impose new taxes or increase existing taxes. It is not possible, at present, to predict the extent to which any such legislation will be enacted. Nor is it possible, at present, to determine the impact of any such legislation on securities held in the Fund, future allocations of State revenues to local governments or the abilities of State or local governments to pay the interest on, or repay the principal of, such securities.
Other Factors – Earthquake Risk
Substantially all of California is within an active geologic region subject to major seismic activity. Northern California in 1989 and Southern California in 1994 experienced major earthquakes causing billions of dollars in damages. The federal government provided more than $13 billion in aid for both earthquakes, and neither event has had any long-term negative
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economic impact. Any obligation in the Fund could be affected by an interruption of revenues because of damaged facilities, or, consequently, income tax deductions for casualty losses or property tax assessment reductions. Compensatory financial assistance could be constrained by the inability of (i) an issuer to have obtained earthquake insurance coverage rates; (ii) an insurer to perform on its contracts of insurance in the event of widespread losses; or (iii) the federal or State government to appropriate sufficient funds within their respective budget limitations.
Special Considerations Regarding Investments in New York Municipal Securities
The following information is a brief summary of factors affecting the economy of New York State (the “State” or “New York”) and New York City (the “City” or “New York City”) and does not purport to be a complete description of such factors. The summary is based upon the most recent publicly available budget documents and offering statements relating to public debt offerings of the City and State. The summary does not reflect recent developments since the dates of such budget documents and offering statements. Neither the Fund nor its legal counsel has independently verified this information.
The State, some of its agencies, instrumentalities and public authorities and certain of its municipalities have sometimes faced serious financial difficulties that could have an adverse effect on the sources of payment for or the market value of the New York municipal bonds in which the iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF invests.
New York State
The New York Economy. New York is the third most populous state in the nation and has a relatively high level of personal wealth. The State’s economy is diverse, with a comparatively large share of the nation’s financial activities, information sources, education, and health services employment, and a very small share of the nation’s farming and mining activity. The State’s location and its air transport facilities and natural harbors have made it an important link in international commerce. Travel and tourism constitute an important part of the economy. Like the rest of the nation, New York has a declining proportion of its workforce engaged in manufacturing, and an increasing proportion engaged in service industries. In 2003, federal and state governments began reporting employment and wage statistics in accordance with the North American Industry Classification System (“NAICS”) industrial classification system.
Manufacturing employment continues to decline as a share of total State employment, as in most other states, and as a result, New York’s economy is less reliant on this sector than in the past. However, it remains an important sector of the State economy, particularly for the upstate region, which hosts high concentrations of manufacturers of transportation and other types of equipment. As defined under NAICS, the trade, transportation, and utilities supersector accounts for the third largest component of State nonagricultural employment, but only the fifth largest when measured by wage share. This sector accounts for less employment and wages for the State than for the nation as a whole. New York City is the nation’s leading center of banking and finance and, as a result, this is a far more important sector in the State than in the nation as a whole. Although this sector accounts for under one-tenth of all nonagricultural jobs in the State, it contributes more than one-fifth of total wages. The remaining service-producing sectors include information sources, professional and business services, private education and healthcare, leisure and hospitality services, and other services. These industries combined account for almost half of all nonagricultural jobs in New York. Information sources, education and health, and other services account for a higher proportion of total State employment than for the nation as a whole. Farming is an important part of the economy in rural areas, although it constitutes only about 0.2 percent of total State output. Principal agricultural products of the State include milk and dairy products, greenhouse and nursery products, fruits, and vegetables. New York ranks among the nation’s leaders in the production of these commodities.
Federal, State, and local governments together comprise the second largest sector in terms of nonagricultural jobs, with the bulk of the employment accounted for by local governments. Public education is the source of about one-half of total State and local government employment. Manufacturing and construction account for smaller shares of employment for the State than for the nation, while the combined service industries account for a larger share. The financial activities sector share of total wages is particularly large for the State relative to the nation. Thus, the State is likely to be less affected than the nation as a whole during an economic recession that is concentrated in manufacturing and construction, but likely to be more affected by any economic downturn that is concentrated in the services sector.
Economic and Demographic Trends. In calendar years 1990 through 1998, the State’s rate of economic growth was somewhat slower than that of the nation. In particular, during the 1990-91 recession and post-recession period, the economies of the State and much of the rest of the Northeast were more heavily damaged than the nation as a whole and were slower to recover. However, the situation subsequently improved. In 1999, for the first time in 13 years, State
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employment growth surpassed that of the nation, and in 2000, the rates were essentially the same. In 2001, the September 11th attack resulted in a downturn in New York that was more severe than for the nation as a whole. In contrast, the State labor market fared better than that of the nation as a whole during the most recent downturn that began in 2008, though New York experienced a historically large wage decline in 2009. The State unemployment rate was higher than the national rate from 1991 to 2000, but the gap between them has since closed, with the State rate below that of the nation from the start of the national recession through the end of 2012. Total State nonagricultural employment has declined as a share of national nonagricultural employment. State per capita personal income has historically been significantly higher than the national average, although the ratio has varied substantially. Because New York City is an employment center for a multi-state region, State personal income measured on a residence basis understates the relative importance of the State to the national economy and the size of the base to which State taxation applies.
Despite Hurricane Sandy’s devastating impact on the downstate region, the pace of New York private sector job growth has remained strong, bouncing back from a loss of almost 30,000 jobs in November 2012. The State has continued to exhibit growth in professional and business services, private educational services, and tourism-related leisure and hospitality services. Private sector employment growth of 1.9 percent and 1.5 percent are projected for 2012 and 2013, respectively. Public sector employment is expected to continue to decline well into 2014. In contrast, wage growth has continued to lose momentum, as two of the State’s high-wage sectors, finance and manufacturing, proceed to downsize. However, declining wage growth is estimated to have been mitigated in the fourth quarter by the accelerated payment of a sizeable portion of wages in advance of the tax increase. Wage growth for 2012 has been revised up to 3.1 percent, while growth for 2013 has been revised down to 3.3 percent. Similarly, personal income growth has been revised up to 3.4 percent for 2012, and down to 2.2 percent for 2013.
All of the risks to the U.S. forecast apply to the State forecast as well, although as the nation’s financial capital, the volume of financial market activity and equity market volatility pose a particularly large degree of uncertainty for New York. In addition, with Wall Street still adjusting its compensation practices in the wake of the passage of financial reform, both the bonus and non-bonus components of employee pay are becoming increasingly difficult to estimate. Securities industry revenues have in the past been a useful predictor of bonus payouts, but that relationship has become much more erratic in recent years. A weaker labor market than projected could also result in lower wages, which in turn could result in weaker household consumption. Similarly, should financial and real estate markets be weaker than anticipated, taxable capital gains realizations could be negatively affected. These effects could ripple through the State economy, depressing employment, wage, and household spending growth. In contrast, stronger national and world economic growth, or a stronger upturn in stock prices, along with even stronger activity in mergers and acquisitions and other Wall Street activities, could result in higher wage and bonuses growth than projected.
Annual Information Statement. The State Annual Information Statement dated May 11, 2012 (the “Annual Information Statement”) reflects the budget for the 2012-2013 fiscal year which the State Legislature completed action on March 30, 2012 (the “Enacted Budget”) and revisions to the spending estimates therein through May 11, 2012. The State updates the Annual Information Statement quarterly and released its quarterly update on August 10, 2012 (the “August Update”) and February 27, 2013 (the “February Update”) which reflects the updates to the Enacted Budget (the “Updated Financial Plan” together with the Enacted Budget, the “State Financial Plan”).
The February Update reflects the Governor’s 2013-2014 Executive Budget, as amended (the “2013-2014 Executive Budget”). As described in the February Update, State General Fund (the “General Fund”) receipts are expected to total $59.1 billion, reflecting relatively weak economic growth and the disruption to activity caused by Hurricane Sandy, partially offset by lower debt service costs. General Fund disbursements are expected to total $59.4 billion, reflecting a number of factors, including increases in estimated disbursements for local assistance and for State operations, due mainly to costs related to Hurricane Sandy. The State expects to end the current fiscal year in balance on a cash basis of accounting, with a cash balance of $1.47 billion, including reserve funds. The February Update describes budget gaps of $1.35 billion, $3.98 billion, $5.20 billion and $5.66 billion in fiscal years 2013-2014, 2014-2015, 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, respectively. Assuming the successful implementation of the proposed gap-closing program, the 2013-2014 Executive Budget would eliminate the gap in 2013-2014, and lower the gaps to $2.09 billion, $3.56 billion and $4.16 billion in fiscal years 2014-2015, 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, respectively.
The 2013-2014 Executive Budget is a proposal and there can be no assurance that the State Legislature will not make changes that have an adverse impact on the budgetary projections contained therein or that it will take final action on the 2013-2014 Executive Budget prior to the start of the State’s fiscal year 2013-2014.
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Fiscal Year 2011-12. The State ended the 2011-2012 fiscal year with a general fund balance of $1.79 billion, including approximately $1.3 billion in reserves and $283 million reserved for potential retroactive labor settlements.
Fiscal Year 2012-13. The State Division of Budget (“DOB”) expects the State will end the current fiscal year in balance for the General Fund on a cash basis of accounting. General Fund receipts, including transfers from other funds, are expected to total $59.1 billion, an increase of $167 million from the August Update. The estimate for annual tax receipts, before accounting for the impact of debt service revisions, has been lowered by $226 million, reflecting relatively weak economic growth and the disruption to activity caused by Hurricane Sandy, offset in part by changes in taxpayer behavior in response to potential federal tax law changes. In September 2012, the State received an unanticipated one-time payment pursuant to a settlement between the Department of Financial Services and Standard Chartered Bank that increased miscellaneous receipts by $340 million. In addition, the estimate for miscellaneous receipts and non-tax transfers has been increased by $53 million based on a review of collections to date. The reduction in tax receipts is offset in part by lower than expected costs for debt service, primarily for the State’s Personal Income Tax bonds, which results in an increase in tax receipts transferred to the General Fund after payment of debt service, and modestly higher transfers from other funds to the General Fund.
General Fund disbursements, including transfers to other funds, are expected to total $59.4 billion, an increase of $167 million over the August Update. The change is due to a number of factors. Estimated disbursements for local assistance have been increased by $108 million, reflecting higher than expected spending for Medicaid expenses that are expected to be financed from the General Fund instead of the Health Care Reform Act (“HCRA”) (due to lower expected receipts in HCRA).
The estimate for State operations disbursements has been increased by $89 million, due mainly to the costs related to Hurricane Sandy (these outlays are expected to be reimbursed by the federal government in fiscal year 2014). General State charges costs have been revised upward due to litigation against the State, reduced escrow payments from State agencies to offset General Fund costs, and increases in Workers’ Compensation payments. Estimated transfers for debt service and capital projects have been reduced, reflecting, among other things, savings from refundings, the timing and sizing of bond sales, and the financing mix for capital projects. The State Financial Plan also assumes the prepayment in the current year of approximately $183 million in debt service not due until fiscal year 2014.
The State expects to end fiscal year 2013 with a General Fund cash balance of $1.47 billion. The balance consists of $1.13 billion in the tax stabilization reserve, $175 million in the rainy day reserve, $57 million in the community projects fund, $21 million in the contingency reserve, and $13 million reserved for debt management. In addition, the balance includes $77 million set aside for potential retroactive costs of labor settlements with unions that have not agreed to contracts for prior contract periods (i.e., through fiscal year 2011). The potential retroactive costs have been calculated using the terms agreed to by the major State employee unions that reached settlements for those periods.
Special Considerations. The State Financial Plan is subject to many complex economic, social, financial, and political risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside the ability of the State to control. DOB believes that the projections of receipts and disbursements in the State Financial Plan are based on reasonable assumptions, but there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially and adversely from these projections. In certain fiscal years, actual receipts collections have fallen substantially below the levels forecast in the State Financial Plan.
The State Financial Plan is based on numerous assumptions, including the condition of the State and national economies and the concomitant receipt of economically sensitive tax receipts in the amounts projected. Other uncertainties and risks concerning the economic and receipts forecasts include the impact of: national and international events, such as continued or worsening strife in the Middle East, the Euro-zone financial crises, changes in consumer confidence, oil supplies, and oil prices; federal statutory and regulatory changes concerning financial sector activities; changes concerning financial sector bonus payouts, as well as any future legislation governing the structure of compensation; shifts in monetary policy affecting interest rates and the financial markets; financial and real estate market developments on bonus income and capital gains realizations; household debt reduction on consumer spending and State tax collections; federal budgetary constraints; and severe storms or other natural disasters affecting the State.
Among other factors, the State Financial Plan is subject to various other uncertainties and contingencies relating to the extent, if any, to which wage increases for State employees exceed the annual wage costs assumed; changes in the size of the State workforce; the realization of the projected rate of return for pension fund assets and current assumptions with respect to wages for State employees affecting the State’s required pension fund contributions; the willingness and ability of the federal government to provide the aid contemplated by the State Financial Plan; the ability of the State to implement cost reduction initiatives, including the reduction in State agency operations, and the success with which the State controls
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expenditures; and the ability of the State and its public authorities to market securities successfully in the public credit markets. The projections and assumptions contained in the State Financial Plan are subject to revisions, which may involve substantial change. No assurance can be given that such estimates and projections, which include actions the State expects to be taken but which are not within the State’s control, will be realized.
There can be no assurance that the projected General Fund budget gaps will not increase materially from the levels currently projected. If such events were to occur, the State would be required to take additional gap-closing actions. Such actions may include, but are not limited to, additional reductions in State agency operations; delays or reductions in payments to local governments or other recipients of State aid; delays in or suspension of capital maintenance and construction; extraordinary financing of operating expenses; or other measures. In some cases, the ability of the State to implement such actions requires the approval of the Legislature and cannot be implemented solely by the action of the Governor. State law grants the Governor certain powers to achieve the Medicaid savings assumed in the State Financial Plan. However, there can be no assurance that these powers will be sufficient to limit the rate of annual growth in Department of Health (“DOH”) State Funds Medicaid spending to the levels estimated in the State Financial Plan. In addition, savings are dependent upon timely federal approvals, appropriate amendments to existing systems and processes, revenue performance in the State’s HCRA fund, which provides support for approximately one-third of the DOH State-share of Medicaid, and the participation of health care industry stakeholders. In particular, funding resources that are expected to be generated through health care surcharges and other provider assessments may decline as a result of Medicaid redesign initiatives, which are expected to reduce expenditures and unnecessary utilization, as well as from the continued shift of fee-for-service delivery models to managed care. An inability to achieve these planned savings would reduce the funding for Medicaid available from HCRA, and could potentially require a commensurate level of additional General Fund support in order to meet program needs.
The forecast contains specific transaction risks and other uncertainties including, but not limited to, the receipt of certain payments from public authorities; the receipt of miscellaneous receipts at the levels expected in the State Financial Plan, including payments pursuant to the tribal-State compact that have failed to materialize in prior years; and the achievement of cost-saving measures including, but not limited to, the transfer of available fund balances to the General Fund at the levels currently projected. Such risks and uncertainties, if they were to materialize, could have an adverse impact on the State Financial Plan in the current year or future years.
Projections of total State disbursements are based on assumptions relating to economic and demographic factors, levels of disbursements for various services provided by local governments (where the cost is partially reimbursed by the State), and the results of various administrative and statutory mechanisms in controlling disbursements for State operations. Factors that may affect the level of disbursements in the fiscal year include uncertainties relating to the economy of the nation and the State, the policies of the federal government, and changes in the demand for the use of State services.
Other Post-Employment Benefits. State employees become eligible for post-employment benefits (healthcare) (“OPEB”) if they reach retirement while working for the State with at least ten years of service. The cost of providing post-retirement health insurance is shared between the State and the retired employee. Contributions are established by law and may be amended by the State Legislature. The State pays its share of costs on a Pay-As-You-Go (“PAYGO”) basis as required by law.
In accordance with Government Accounting Standards Board (“GASB”) 45, the State must perform an actuarial valuation every two years for purposes of calculating OPEB liabilities. As disclosed in the State’s basic financial statements for fiscal year 2012, the Annual Required Contribution (“ARC”) represents the annual level of funding that, if set aside on an ongoing basis, is projected to cover normal costs each year and to amortize any unfunded liabilities of the plan over a period not to exceed 30 years. Amounts required but not actually set aside to pay for these benefits are accumulated with interest as part of the net OPEB obligation, after adjusting for amounts previously required.
As reported in the State’s basic financial statements for fiscal year 2012, an actuarial valuation of OPEB liabilities was performed as of April 1, 2010. The valuation calculated the present value of the actuarial accrued total liability for benefits as of April 1, 2010 at $72.1 billion ($59.7 billion for the State and $12.4 billion for the State University of New York (“SUNY”), determined using the frozen entry age actuarial cost method, and is amortized over an open period of 30 years using the level percentage of projected payroll amortization method.
The ARC for fiscal year 2012 totaled $3.9 billion ($3.1 billion for the State and $0.8 billion for SUNY) under the frozen entry age actuarial cost method, allocating costs on a level basis over earnings. This was $2.5 billion ($1.9 billion for the State and $0.6 billion for SUNY) above the payments for retiree costs made by the State in fiscal year 2012. This difference between the State’s PAYGO costs and the actuarially determined required annual contribution under GASB 45 reduced the State’s
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currently positive net asset condition at the end of fiscal year 2012 by $2.5 billion. GASB does not require the additional costs to be funded on the State’s budgetary (cash) basis, and no funding is assumed for this purpose in the State Financial Plan. The State continues to finance these costs, along with all other employee health care expenses, on a PAYGO basis.
There is no provision in the Updated Financial Plan to pre-fund OPEB liabilities. If such liabilities were pre-funded, the additional cost above the PAYGO amounts would be lowered. The State’s Health Insurance Council, which consists of the Governor’s Office of Employee Relations, Civil Service, and DOB, will continue to review such matter and seek input from the State Comptroller, the legislative fiscal committees and other outside parties. However, it is not expected that the State will alter its planned funding practices in light of existing fiscal conditions.
Risks to U.S. Economic Forecast. The national economy slowed in the fourth quarter of calendar year 2012, but an unexpectedly steep decline in federal government spending of 15 percent resulted in virtual stagnation during the quarter. Although the most recent high frequency data indicates an upward revision to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis’ initial estimate for the fourth quarter, growth for that quarter is still likely to have been the weakest since the first quarter of calendar year 2011. In addition, there is a great degree of uncertainty surrounding the federal government spending sequester, which took effect on March 1, 2013. Weaker than expected inventory growth for the fourth quarter and a discouraging industrial production report for January could be signaling anticipation of softer demand ahead among defense manufacturers. As a result, both government spending and inventory growth have been revised down for 2013. Real U.S. GDP growth of 1.8 percent is now projected for 2013, following growth of 2.2 percent for 2012.
Outside of government spending and inventory growth, domestic final demand displayed a healthy expansion during the fourth quarter. With household spending growing 2.2 percent in the fourth quarter as anticipated, the outlook for consumer spending remains unchanged from the forecast. Residential fixed investment exhibited real growth of 15.3 percent in the fourth quarter, while real nonresidential investment grew a healthy 8.4 percent. In late January, Congress passed the second of two installments of appropriations to fund the Hurricane Sandy recovery effort. Based on Congressional Budget Office estimates, almost $60 billion in federal funds are expected to be spent over 10 years on the recovery effort, with $9.0 billion expected to be spent during the 2013 federal fiscal year, and $12.7 billion during 2014, before adjusting for inflation. These estimates represent less spending during the 2013 calendar year than anticipated in the forecast, but more in 2014 and the out years. On balance, real growth in residential fixed investment for 2013 has been revised down to 14.6 percent, while real growth in nonresidential fixed investment has been revised up to 5.5 percent.
Based on the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ recent release of its annual benchmark revision to national employment, it now appears that job growth for much of 2012 was stronger than originally estimated. For the final six months of 2012, private sector U.S. employment displayed monthly average growth of 183,500, revised up from 160,200 prior to the revision. Indeed, between January 2010 and December 2012, 622,000 more private sector jobs were added than pre-benchmark estimates suggested. As a result, employment growth has been revised up for both 2012 and 2013 to 1.7 percent and 1.5 percent, respectively. This forecast implies continued moderate but steady growth. Businesses accelerated a substantial volume of both wage and dividend payouts in advance of the January 1 tax hike for high income taxpayers.
A number of risks have intensified. With energy prices spiking yet again, it remains uncertain how gasoline price volatility will interact with the recent payroll tax hike. In addition, the uncertainty surrounding the federal government spending sequester, which took effect on March 1, 2013. Displays of political gridlock could extend the impact on overall economic activity well beyond those sectors directly affected by the spending sequester cuts. Although the global economy is expected to improve, the Euro-area and Japan remain in recession. Slower export growth than expected could negatively affect growth in U.S. corporate profits, investment, and jobs. Alternatively, a stronger than expected pickup in the global economy could result in a faster upturn in the demand for U.S. exports, having the opposite effect. Finally, stronger than anticipated home and equity price growth present upside risks to household spending.
Risks to New York State Economy. Despite Hurricane Sandy’s devastating impact on the downstate region, the pace of New York private sector job growth has remained strong, bouncing back from a loss of almost 30,000 jobs in November 2012. The State has continued to exhibit growth in professional and business services, private educational services, and tourism-related leisure and hospitality services. Private sector employment growth of 1.9 percent and 1.5 percent are projected for 2012 and 2013, respectively, virtually unchanged from the previous forecast. Public sector employment is expected to continue to decline well into 2014. In contrast, wage growth has continued to lose momentum, as two of the State’s high-wage sectors, finance and manufacturing, proceed to downsize. However, declining wage growth is estimated to have been mitigated in the fourth quarter by the accelerated payment of a sizeable portion of wages in advance of the tax increase. Wage growth for
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2012 has been revised up to 3.1 percent, while growth for 2013 has been revised down to 3.3 percent. Similarly, personal income growth has been revised up to 3.4 percent for 2012, and down to 2.2 percent for 2013.
All of the risks to the U.S. forecast apply to the State forecast as well, although as the nation’s financial capital, the volume of financial market activity and equity market volatility pose a particularly large degree of uncertainty for New York. In addition, with Wall Street still adjusting their compensation practices in the wake of the passage of financial reform, both the bonus and non-bonus components of employee pay are becoming increasingly difficult to estimate. Securities industry revenues have in the past been a useful predictor of bonus payouts, but that relationship has become much more erratic in recent years. A weaker labor market than projected could also result in lower wages, which in turn could result in weaker household consumption. Similarly, should financial and real estate markets be weaker than anticipated, taxable capital gains realizations could be negatively affected. These effects could ripple through the State economy, depressing employment, wage, and household spending growth. In contrast, stronger national and world economic growth, or a stronger upturn in stock prices, along with even stronger activity in mergers and acquisitions and other Wall Street activities, could result in higher wage and bonuses growth than projected.
Status of Current Labor Negotiations. The State has labor contracts with its two largest employee unions, Civil Service Employees Association (“CSEA”) and Public Employees Federation (“PEF”), as well as New York State Police Benevolent Association (“NYSPBA”) (representing the Agency Police Service Unit (“APSU”) bargaining unit, formerly Agency Law Enforcement Services (“ALES”), New York State Correctional Officer and Police Benevolent Association (“NYSCOPBA”), and Council 82. Most of the contracts provide for no general salary increases for fiscal year 2012 through fiscal year 2014, increases to employee health insurance contributions, and a temporary reduction in employee compensation through a deficit reduction program (“DRP”). Employees will receive a $1,000 lump sum payment ($775 paid in fiscal year 2014 and $225 paid in fiscal year 2015); a 2 percent salary increase in both fiscal year 2015 and fiscal year 2016; and, at the end of their contract term, the value of fiscal year 2013 deficit reduction adjustments. The PEF and NYSPBA contracts generally mirror the provisions for the other unions, but cover a four-year period, whereas the others cover a five-year period. PEF and NYSPBA-represented employees will receive a 2 percent salary increase in fiscal year 2015. PEF-represented employees will be repaid all DRP adjustments at the end of their contract in lieu of the $1,000 lump sum payment. Employees in the unions that have reached settlements with the State have contingent layoff protection for fiscal year 2013 and continuing protection for the full term of the agreements. Reductions in force due to management decisions to close or restructure facilities authorized by legislation, SAGE Commission determinations, or material or unanticipated changes in the State’s fiscal circumstances are not covered by this protection.
The State is in negotiations with its other unsettled unions and recently reached a tentative agreement with the United University Professions (“UUP”), which represents faculty and non-teaching professional staff within the State University system. The contract is subject to ratification by union members in 2013. If ratified, approximately 10 percent of the unionized workforce would not have new contracts in place.
Prior-Year Labor Settlements. The Updated Financial Plan continues to include a planned reserve to cover the costs of a pattern settlement with unions that have not agreed to contracts for prior contract periods. The amount of the reserve is calculated based on the general salary increases agreed to by the State’s largest unions for the same period. There can be no assurance that actual settlements for prior periods will not exceed the amounts reserved. In addition, the State’s ability to fund the amounts reserved in fiscal year 2014 and beyond depends on the achievement of balanced budgets in those years. The Updated Financial Plan does not include reserves for settlements covering the current contract period (i.e., starting in fiscal year 2012).
Federal Funding. The State receives a substantial amount of federal aid for health care, education, transportation, and other governmental purposes. Any reduction in federal funding levels could have a materially adverse impact on the State’s Financial Plan. In addition, the State Financial Plan may be adversely affected by other actions taken by the federal government, including audits, disallowances, and changes to federal participation rates or other Medicaid rules.
The federal government is lowering Medicaid developmental center payment rates for New York City, effective April 1, 2013. This amendment has the impact of lowering federal funding to New York State by approximately $1.1 billion beginning in fiscal year 2014. The 2013-2014 Executive Budget includes a plan to address this loss in federal aid. The plan is subject to implementation risks and is dependent, in part, on the approval of the Legislature and the federal government. As described below, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) may seek to retroactively recover federal funds regarding this matter.
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On February 8, 2013, the CMS, with the assistance of the Office of the Inspector General, began a review to determine allowable Medicaid costs for services provided to the Medicaid population in New York State-Operated Intermediate Care Facilities for the Developmentally Disabled (“ICF/DD”). The initial review period will include claims for services provided during the period April 1, 2009 through March 31, 2010. Pending the outcome of this audit, CMS may seek to recover federal funds on any payments found in excess of federal payment requirements. While New York State continues to work collaboratively with its federal partners to resolve these concerns, adverse action by the federal government relative to these claims could jeopardize a significant amount of federal financial participation in the State Medicaid program. Any disallowances could have a materially adverse impact on the State’s financial position.
The federal Budget Control Act (“BCA”) of 2011 imposed annual caps on federal discretionary spending over a ten-year period. The specific spending reductions necessary for Congress to remain within the caps will be decided through the annual federal budget process, and therefore the magnitude of the impact on federal aid for the State has yet to be determined. Further, unless additional deficit reduction is enacted, BCA directs that these additional savings be achieved through sequestration of fiscal year 2013 funding, with across-the-board cuts to federal programs, and lower discretionary caps in the following eight years. The sequester and lower spending caps are implemented, DOB estimates that New York State and local governments could lose approximately $5 billion in federal funding over nine years.
Health Insurance Company Conversions. State law permits a health insurance company to convert its organizational status from a not-for-profit to a for-profit corporation (a “health care conversion”), subject to a number of terms, conditions, and approvals. Under State law, the State is entitled to proceeds from a health care conversion. The Updated Financial Plan assumes no proceeds from health care conversions in fiscal year 2013; $175 million in proceeds in fiscal year 2014 and $300 million annually in fiscal years 2015, 2016 and 2017. The proceeds are expected to be deposited into the HCRA fund. If a conversion does not occur on the timetable or at the levels assumed in the Updated Financial Plan, the State may be required to take other actions to increase available resources, such as reduce planned spending in HCRA, or finance additional expenses in the General Fund, or both.
Climate Change Adaptation. Climate change is expected to cause long-term threats to physical and biological systems. Potential hazards and risks related to climate change for the State include, among other things, rising sea levels, more severe coastal flooding and erosion hazards, and more intense storms. Storms in recent years, including Hurricane Sandy, Hurricane Irene, and Tropical Storm Lee, have demonstrated vulnerabilities in the State’s infrastructure, including mass transit systems, power transmission and distribution systems, and other critical lifelines, to extreme weather events, including coastal flooding caused by storm surges. Significant long-term planning and investment by the federal government, State, and municipalities will be needed to adapt existing infrastructure to the risks posed by climate change.
Secured Hospital Program. Under the Secured Hospital program, the State entered into service contracts to enable certain financially distressed not-for-profit hospitals to issue debt. The contracts obligate the State to pay debt service, subject to annual appropriations by the Legislature, on bonds issued by the New York State Medical Care Facilities Finance Agency (“MCFFA”) and by the Dormitory Authority of the State of New York (“DASNY”) through the Secured Hospital program. In the event there are shortfalls in revenues from other sources, which include hospital payments made under loan agreements between DASNY and the hospitals, and certain reserve funds held by the applicable trustees for the bonds, the State is liable for the debt service. As of January 1, 2013, there was approximately $493 million of outstanding bonds for the program.
The financial condition of most hospitals in the State’s Secured Hospital Program continues to deteriorate. Of the eight hospitals in the program, several are experiencing significant operating losses that are likely to impair their ability to remain current on their loan agreements with DASNY. In relation to the Secured Hospital Program, the 2013-2014 Executive Budget projections reflect the assumption of additional costs of $13 million in fiscal year 2014, approximately $30 million annually for fiscal year 2015 through fiscal year 2017, and $17 million in fiscal year 2018 as the bonds begin to be paid off. These amounts are based on the actual experience to date of the participants in the program, and would cover the debt service costs for three hospitals that currently are not meeting the terms of their agreement with DASNY. The State has additional exposure of up to a maximum of $44 million annually, if all additional hospitals in the program failed to meet the terms of their agreement with DASNY and if available reserve funds were depleted.
Bond Market. Implementation of the Updated Financial Plan is dependent on the State’s ability to market its bonds successfully. The State finances much of its capital spending in the first instance from the General Fund or, if necessary, from the Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (“STIP”), which it then reimburses with proceeds from the sale of bonds. If the State cannot sell bonds at the levels (or on the timetable) expected in the capital plan, the State’s overall cash
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position and capital funding plan may be affected adversely. The success of projected public sales is subject to prevailing market conditions. Future developments in the financial markets generally, as well as future developments concerning the State and public discussion of such developments, may affect the market for outstanding State-supported and State-related debt as well as the associated interest costs.
Litigation. Litigation against the State may include potential challenges to the constitutionality of various actions. The State may also be affected by adverse decisions that are the result of various lawsuits. Such adverse decisions may not meet the materiality threshold to warrant individual description but, in the aggregate, could still adversely affect the State Financial Plan.
State Retirement Systems. The New York State and Local Retirement Systems (the “Systems”) provide coverage for public employees of the State and its localities (except employees of New York City and teachers, who are covered by separate plans). The State Common Retirement Fund (“CRF”) is a pooled investment vehicle in which the assets of the Systems are held and invested. The Systems comprise the New York State and Local Employees’ Retirement System (“ERS”) and the New York State and Local Police and Fire Retirement System (“PFRS”). The Comptroller is the administrative head of the Systems. State employees made up about 34 percent of the membership during the 2011-12 fiscal year. There were 3,039 other public employers participating in the Systems, including all cities and counties (except New York City), most towns, villages and school districts (with respect to non-teaching employees) and many public authorities of the State.
As of March 31, 2012, 656,000 persons were members of the Systems and 403,000 pensioners or beneficiaries were receiving benefits. The State Constitution considers membership in any State pension or retirement system to be a contractual relationship, the benefits of which shall not be diminished or impaired.
The CRF experienced significant investment losses in the 2008-09 fiscal year. In order to protect employers from potentially volatile contributions tied directly to the value of the Systems’ assets held by the CRF, the Systems utilize a multi-year smoothing procedure. One of the factors used to calculate employer contribution requirements is the assumed investment rate of return used by the Systems actuary, which is currently 7.5 percent. The current actuarial smoothing method spreads the impact of gains or losses above or below the 7.5 percent assumed investment rate of return over a 5-year period. Thus, because of the significant investment loss in fiscal year 2008-09, employer contribution rates increased for fiscal years 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 and further increases are expected for fiscal year 2015. The amount of such future increases will depend, in part, on the value of the assets held by the CRF as of each April 1, as well as on the present value of the anticipated benefits to be paid by the Systems as of each April 1. Final contribution rates for fiscal year 2014 were released in early September 2012. The average ERS rate increased from 18.9 percent of salary in fiscal year 2013 to 20.9 percent of salary in fiscal year 2014, while the average PFRS rate increased from 25.8 percent of salary in fiscal year 2013 to 28.9 percent of salary in fiscal year 2014.
Assets are held by the CRF for the exclusive benefit of members, pensioners and beneficiaries. Investments for the Systems are made by the Comptroller as trustee of the CRF. The Systems report that the net assets available for benefits as of March 31, 2012 were $153.4 billion (including $3.5 billion in receivables, which consist of employer contributions, member contributions, member loans, accrued interest and dividends, investment sales and other miscellaneous receivables), an increase of $3.9 billion or 2.6 percent from the fiscal year 2011 level of $149.5 billion. The increase in net assets available for benefits from fiscal year 2011 to fiscal year 2012 reflects, in large part, equity market performance. The valuation used by the Systems actuary will be based on audited net assets available for benefits as of March 31, 2012 and will be included in the NYSLRS’ comprehensive annual financial report for that fiscal year.
Consistent with statutory limitations affecting categories of investment, the Comptroller, as trustee of the CRF, establishes a target asset allocation and approves policies and procedures to guide and direct investment activities. The purpose of this asset allocation strategy is to identify the optimal diversified mix of assets to meet the requirements of pension payment obligations to members. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010, an asset liability analysis was completed and a long-term policy allocation was adopted. The current long term policy allocation seeks a mix that includes 43 percent equities (30 percent domestic and 13 percent international); 22 percent bonds, cash and mortgages; 8 percent inflation indexed bonds and 27 percent alternative investments (10 percent private equity, 6 percent real estate, 4 percent absolute return or hedge funds, 4 percent opportunistic and 3 percent real assets (commodities)). Since the implementation of the long-term policy allocation will take several years, transition targets have been established to aid in the asset rebalancing process.
The Systems report that the present value of anticipated benefits for current members, retirees, and beneficiaries increased from $194.3 billion on April 1, 2011 to $198.6 billion (including $89.3 billion for current retirees and beneficiaries) on April 1,
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2012. The funding method used by the Systems anticipates that the net assets, plus future actuarially determined contributions, will be sufficient to pay for the anticipated benefits of current members, retirees and beneficiaries. Actuarially determined contributions are calculated using actuarial assets and the present value of anticipated benefits. Actuarial assets differed from net assets on April 1, 2012 in that amortized cost was used instead of market value for bonds and mortgages, and the non-fixed investments utilized a smoothing method which recognized 20 percent of unexpected loss for fiscal year 2012, 40 percent of the unexpected gain for the fiscal year 2011, 60 percent of the unexpected gain for fiscal year 2010 and 80 percent of the unexpected loss for fiscal year 2009. Actuarial assets decreased from $148.6 billion on April 1, 2011 to $147.8 billion on April 1, 2012. The funded ratio, as of April 1, 2012, calculated by the System Actuary in August 2012 using the entry age normal funding method and actuarial assets, was 87 percent.
Local Government Assistance Corporation. In 1990, as part of a State fiscal reform program, legislation was enacted creating the Local Government Assistance Corporation (the “LGAC”), a public benefit corporation empowered to issue long-term obligations to fund certain payments to local governments that had been traditionally funded through the State’s annual seasonal borrowing. The legislation also dedicated revenues equal to one cent of the State’s four cent sales and use tax to pay debt service on these bonds. As of June 1995, LGAC had issued State-supported bonds and notes to provide net proceeds of $4.7 billion, completing the program. The issuance of these long-term obligations is to be amortized over a period of no more than 30 years from the dates of their original issuance.
The legislation eliminated annual seasonal borrowing of the State except in cases where the Governor and the legislative leaders have certified the need for additional seasonal borrowing, based on emergency or extraordinary factors or factors unanticipated at the time of adoption of the budget, and provided a schedule for eliminating it over time. Any seasonal borrowing is required by law to be eliminated by the fourth fiscal year after the limit was first exceeded (i.e., no general obligation seasonal borrowing in the fifth year). This provision limiting the State’s seasonal borrowing practices was included as a covenant with LGAC’s bondholders in the General Bond Resolution and General Subordinate Lien Bond Resolution authorizing such bonds. No restrictions were placed upon the State’s ability to issue tax and revenue anticipation notes (issued in one year and maturing in the following year).
The impact of the LGAC reforms, as well as other changes in revenue and spending patterns, is that the State has been able to meet its cash flow needs throughout the fiscal year without relying on seasonal borrowings. However, the State has taken extraordinary measures in recent years to manage its cash flow, including payment deferrals and permitting the State to borrow from other funds of the State (i.e., the General Fund) for a limited period of time.
Legislation enacted in 2003 currently requires LGAC to certify, in addition to its own cash needs, $170 million annually to provide an incentive for the State to seek an annual appropriation to provide local assistance payments to New York City or its assignee. In May 2004, LGAC amended its General Bond Resolution and General Subordinate Lien Bond Resolution to make clear that any failure to certify or make payments to the City or its assignee has no impact on LGAC’s own bondholders; and that if any such act or omission were to occur with respect to any possible bonds issued by The City of New York or its assignee, that act or omission would not constitute an event of default with respect to LGAC bonds. The Enacted Budget included a local assistance appropriation of $170 million from the Local Government Assistance Tax Fund to the City.
State Personal Income Tax Revenue Bond Financing. Legislation enacted in 2001 provided for the issuance of State PIT Revenue Bonds by DASNY, the New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation (“EFC”), the Housing Finance Agency (“HFA”), the New York State Thruway Authority (“Thruway Authority”) and the Empire State Development Corporation (“ESDC”), (collectively, the “Authorized Issuers”).
The legislation provides that 25 percent of State PIT receipts, excluding refunds owed to taxpayers, be deposited to the Revenue Bond Tax Fund (“RBTF”) for purposes of making debt service payments on State PIT Revenue Bonds, with excess amounts returned to the General Fund. The first State PIT Revenue Bonds were issued on May 9, 2002, and since that time, all of the Authorized Issuers have issued State PIT Revenue Bonds.
Legislation enacted in 2007 increased the amount of PIT receipts to be deposited into the RBTF by removing an exclusion for PIT amounts deposited to the School Tax Relief Fund (the “STAR Fund”). In the event that (i) the State Legislature fails to appropriate amounts required to make all debt service payments on the State PIT Revenue Bonds or (ii) having been appropriated and set aside pursuant to a certificate of the Director of the Budget, financing agreement payments have not been made when due on the State PIT Revenue Bonds, the legislation requires that PIT receipts continue to be deposited to the RBTF until amounts on deposit in the RBTF equal the greater of (i) 25 percent of annual PIT receipts or (ii) $6 billion. Debt service on State PIT Revenue Bonds is subject to legislative appropriation, as part of the annual debt service bill. State PIT
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Revenue Bonds have been issued to support programs related to six general purposes: Education, Economic Development and Housing, Environment, State Facilities and Equipment, Transportation and Health Care. As of March 31, 2012, approximately $23 billion of State PIT Revenue Bonds were outstanding. The Enacted Budget projected that $3.6 billion of State PIT Revenue Bonds will be issued in 2013.
Financing Activities. For purposes of analyzing the financial condition of the State, debt may be classified as State-supported debt or the broader measure of State-related debt. “State-related debt” consists of State supported debt, where the State, subject to an appropriation, is directly responsible for paying debt service, as well as State-guaranteed debt (to which the full faith and credit of the State has been pledged), moral obligation financings and certain contingent-contractual obligation financings, where debt service is expected to be paid from other sources and State appropriations are contingent in that they may be made and used only under certain circumstances. State-supported debt is a subset of State-related debt. It includes general obligation debt, to which the full faith and credit of the State has been pledged, and lease-purchase and contractual obligations of public authorities and municipalities, where the State’s legal obligation to make payments to those public authorities and municipalities is subject to and paid from annual appropriations made by the State Legislature.
The State has never defaulted on any of its general obligation indebtedness or its obligations under lease-purchase or contractual obligation financing arrangements and has never been called upon to make any direct payments pursuant to its guarantees.
Under the State Constitution, the State may not, with limited exceptions for emergencies, undertake a long-term general obligation borrowing (i.e., borrowing for more than one year) unless the borrowing is authorized in a specific amount for a single work or purpose by the State Legislature and approved by the voters. There is no constitutional limitation on the amount of long-term general obligation debt that may be so authorized and subsequently incurred by the State. However, the Debt Reform Act imposed statutory limitations on new State-supported debt issued on and after April 1, 2000. The State Constitution provides that general obligation bonds, which can be paid without an appropriation, must be paid in equal annual principal installments or installments that result in substantially level or declining debt service payments, mature within 40 years after issuance, and begin to amortize not more than one year after the issuance of such bonds. However, general obligation housing bonds must be paid within 50 years after issuance, with principal commencing no more than three years after issuance. The Debt Reform Act limits the maximum term of State-supported bonds, including general obligation bonds, to 30 years, and the State currently has no bonds outstanding with a remaining final maturity that is more than 30 years.
Under the State Constitution, the State may undertake short-term borrowings without voter approval (i) in anticipation of the receipt of taxes and revenues, by issuing general obligation Tax and Revenue Anticipation Notes (“TRANs”), and (ii) in anticipation of the receipt of proceeds from the sale of duly authorized but unissued general obligation bonds, by issuing bond anticipation notes (“BANs”). General obligation TRANs must mature within one year from their date of issuance and cannot be refunded or refinanced beyond such period. However, since 1990, the State’s ability to issue general obligation TRANs that mature in the same State fiscal year in which they were issued has been limited due to the enactment of the fiscal reform program, which created LGAC. BANs may only be issued for the purposes and within the amounts for which bonds may be issued pursuant to voter authorizations, and must be paid from the proceeds of the sale of bonds in anticipation of which they were issued or from other sources within two years of the date of issuance or, in the case of BANs for housing purposes, within five years of the date of issuance. In order to provide flexibility within these maximum term limits, the State had previously utilized the BANs authorization to conduct a commercial paper program to fund disbursements eligible for general obligation bond financing.
Capital Commitment Plan and Debt Reform Act. The New York Works Task Force was formed in early 2013 to assist in the coordination of long-term capital planning among State agencies and public authorities. Consistent with the long-term planning goals of New York Works, the DOB has for the first time formulated 10-year capital commitment and disbursement projections for State agencies. The total commitment and disbursement levels permissible over the 10-year capital planning horizon reflect, among other things, projected capacity under the State’s debt limit, anticipated levels of federal aid, and the timing of capital activity based on known needs and historical patterns.
The Debt Reform Act of 2000 (the “Debt Reform Act”) restricts the issuance of State-supported debt to capital purposes only and limits such debt to a maximum term of 30 years. The Debt Reform Act limits the amount of new State-supported debt to 4 percent of State personal income and new State-supported debt service costs to 5 percent of all funds receipts. The restrictions apply to all new State-supported debt issued on and after April 1, 2000. The cap on new State-supported debt
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outstanding began at 0.75 percent of personal income in fiscal year 2001 and was fully phased in at 4 percent of personal income during fiscal year 2011, while the cap on new State-supported debt service costs began at 0.75 percent of all funds receipts in fiscal year 2001 and will increase until it is fully phased in at 5 percent during fiscal year 2014. As of March 31, 2012, the cumulative debt outstanding and debt service caps were 4.00 and 4.65 percent, respectively. In the most recent annual certification issued in December 2012, the State reported that it was in compliance with both debt caps, with (i) debt issued after March 31, 2000 and outstanding at March 31, 2012 totaling $35.8 billion, or approximately $4.0 billion below the statutory debt outstanding limitation, constituting 3.6 percent of personal income, and (ii) debt service on such debt totaling $3.5 billion, or approximately $2.7 billion below the statutory debt service limitation, constituting 2.62 percent of total governmental receipts.
It is currently projected that debt outstanding and debt service will continue to remain below the limits imposed by the Debt Reform Act. Based on the most recent personal income and debt outstanding forecasts, the available room under the debt outstanding cap is expected to decline from $2.7 billion in fiscal year 2013 to $71 million in fiscal year 2017. This includes the estimated impact of the bond-financed portion of increased capital commitment levels included in the 10-year capital planning projections. Capital spending priorities and debt financing practices may be adjusted from time to time to preserve available debt capacity and stay within the statutory limits, as events warrant.
Public Authorities. Public authorities are not subject to the constitutional restrictions on the incurrence of debt that apply to the State itself and may issue bonds and notes within the amounts and restrictions set forth in legislative authorization. The State’s access to the public credit markets could be impaired and the market price of its outstanding debt may be materially and adversely affected if certain of its public authorities were to default on their respective obligations, particularly those using the financing techniques referred to as State supported or State-related debt. As of December 31, 2011 (New York Job Development Authority as of March 31, 2012), 18 public authorities had debt outstanding of $100 million or more, and the aggregate outstanding debt, including refunding bonds, of these public authorities was approximately $170 billion, only a portion of which constitutes State-supported or State-related debt.
The State has numerous public authorities with various responsibilities, including those which finance, construct and/or operate revenue-producing public facilities. Public authorities generally pay their operating expenses and debt service costs from revenues generated by the projects they finance or operate, such as tolls charged for the use of highways, bridges or tunnels, charges for public power, electric and gas utility services, tuition and fees, rentals charged for housing units, and charges for occupancy at medical care facilities. In addition, State legislation authorizes several financing techniques for public authorities. The Enacted Budget authorizes any public benefit corporation to make voluntary contributions to the State’s General Fund at any time from any funds as deemed feasible and advisable by the public benefit corporation’s governing board after due consideration of the public benefit corporation’s legal and financial obligations, and deems such payment a “valid and proper purpose” for such funds.
There are statutory arrangements that, under certain circumstances, authorize State local assistance payments otherwise payable to localities to be made instead to the issuing public authorities in order to secure the payment of debt service on their revenue bonds and notes. However, the State has no constitutional or statutory obligation to provide assistance to localities beyond amounts that have been appropriated therefore in any given year. Some public authorities also receive moneys from State appropriations to pay for the operating costs of certain programs.
New York City. The fiscal demands on the State may be affected by the fiscal condition of the City, which relies in part on State aid to balance its budget and meet its cash requirements. It is also possible that the State’s finances may be affected by the ability of the City, and certain entities issuing debt for the benefit of the City, to market securities successfully in the public credit markets.
Litigation. Adverse developments in certain proceedings for which there are unanticipated, unfavorable and material judgments, or the initiation of new proceedings could affect the ability of the State to maintain a balanced State financial plan. The State believes that the Enacted Budget includes sufficient reserves to offset the costs associated with the payment of judgments required during the 2013 fiscal year. These reserves included (but are not limited to) amounts appropriated for Court of Claims payments and projected fund balances in the General Fund. In addition, any amounts ultimately required to be paid by the State may be subject to settlement or may be paid over a multi-year period. There can be no assurance, however, that adverse decisions in legal proceedings against the State would not exceed the amount of all potential financial plan resources available for the payment of judgments, and could therefore adversely affect the ability of the State to maintain a balanced Enacted Budget.
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Other Localities. Certain localities outside New York City have experienced financial problems and have requested and received additional State assistance during the last several State fiscal years. While a relatively infrequent practice, deficit financing by local governments has become more common in recent years. Between 2004 and January 2012, the State Legislature passed 21 special acts authorizing, or amending authorizations for, bond issuances to finance local government operating deficits, including a total of four passed during the 2009 and 2010 legislative sessions. However, the legislation introduced during the regular 2012 legislative session that would have authorized Rockland County and the City of Long Beach to issue bonds to address accumulated deficits did not pass both houses of the legislature. In addition to deficit financing authorizations, the State has periodically enacted legislation to create oversight boards in order to address deteriorating fiscal conditions within a locality.
The Buffalo Fiscal Stability Authority has exercised Control Period powers with respect to the City of Buffalo since the City’s 2004 fiscal year, but recently transitioned to advisory period powers commencing on July 1, 2012. In January 2011, the Nassau County Interim Finance Authority (“NIFA”) declared that it was entering a control period, citing the “substantial likelihood and imminence” that Nassau would incur a major operating funds deficit of 1 percent or more during the County’s 2011 fiscal year. Nassau County challenged NIFA’s determination and authority to impose a control period in State Supreme Court and did not prevail. NIFA is now exercising control period powers over Nassau County. On February 14, 2013, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York issued an opinion in Carver, et al. v. Nassau County Interim Finance Authority, et al. granting the plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment seeking to nullify NIFA’s imposition of a wage freeze during the control period in 2011. The court stated that the operation of its judgment shall be stayed pending an appeal, if any, by NIFA to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. The County has announced its intent to appeal.
Erie County has a Fiscal Stability Authority, the City of New York has a Financial Control Board, and the City of Troy has a Supervisory Board, all of which presently perform certain review and advisory functions. The City of Yonkers no longer operates under an oversight board but must adhere to a Special Local Finance and Budget Act. The City of Newburgh operates under fiscal monitoring by the State Comptroller pursuant to special State legislation. The potential impact on the State of any future requests by localities for additional oversight or financial assistance is not included in the projections of the State’s receipts and disbursements for the State’s fiscal year 2013 or thereafter.
Like the State, local governments must respond to changing political, economic and financial influences over which they have little or no control, but which can adversely affect their financial condition. For example, the State or federal government may reduce (or in some cases eliminate) funding of local programs, thus requiring local governments to pay these expenditures using their own resources. Similarly, past cash flow problems for the State have resulted in delays in State aid payments to localities. In addition, in some cases, these delays have necessitated short-term borrowing at the local level. More recent developments that have had, or could have, an impact on the fiscal condition of local governments and school districts include: the loss of temporary federal stimulus funding; new constraints (for local governments other than in New York City and school districts outside New York City and the four other largest cities in New York State) on raising property tax revenues given legislation that now limits growth in the tax levy, subject to override; and for some communities, the significant upfront costs for rebuilding and clean-up in the wake of a natural disaster. Localities may also face unanticipated problems resulting from certain pending litigation, judicial decisions and long-range economic trends. Other large-scale potential problems, such as declining urban populations, declines in the real property tax base, increasing pension, health care and other fixed costs, and the loss of skilled manufacturing jobs, may also adversely affect localities and necessitate requests for State assistance.
Ultimately, localities as well as local public authorities may suffer serious financial difficulties that could jeopardize local access to the public credit markets, which may adversely affect the marketability of notes and bonds issued by localities within the State.
Grants to Local Governments. Grants to local governments include payments to local governments, school districts, healthcare providers, and other local entities, as well as certain financial assistance to, or on behalf of, individuals, families, and nonprofit organizations. Local assistance comprises 65 percent of total State operating funds spending. In 2013, “all funds” spending for local assistance is proposed to total $58.8 billion, an increase of $1.5 billion (2.6 percent) from the prior year. State-funded local assistance spending is estimated at $59.2 billion in fiscal year 2014. Total spending is comprised of State aid to medical assistance providers and public health programs; State aid for education, including school districts, universities, and tuition assistance; temporary and disability assistance; mental hygiene programs; transportation; children and family services; and local government assistance. Other local assistance programs include criminal justice, economic development, housing, parks and recreation, and environmental quality.
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Medicaid. Medicaid is a means-tested program that finances health care services for low-income individuals and long-term care services for the elderly and disabled, primarily through payments to health care providers. The Medicaid program is financed jointly by the State, the federal government, and local governments (including New York City). New York’s Medicaid spending is projected to total approximately $57.6 billion in fiscal year 2014, including local contributions.
The 2013-2014 Executive Budget reflects continuation of the Medicaid spending cap enacted in fiscal year 2012, and recommends funding consistent with its provisions. The cap is based on the ten-year average change in the medical component of the Consumer Price Index. Statutory changes approved with the Enacted Budget grant the Executive certain administrative powers to help hold Medicaid spending to the capped level. The statutory changes, currently set to expire at the end of fiscal year 2014, are expected to be extended through fiscal year 2015, pursuant to authorization being recommended in the 2013-2014 Executive Budget. The cap itself remains in place, and the Updated Financial Plan assumes that statutory authority will be extended in subsequent years.
Based on updated data, the allowable growth under the cap is 3.9 percent. The fiscal year 2013-2014 Executive Budget also proposes to eliminate the Family Health Plus (“FHP”) effective January 1, 2015. The majority of the population receiving health care benefits through FHP will begin receiving more robust health care benefits through the Medicaid program, pursuant to new Medicaid eligibility thresholds and increased federal payments pursuant to the ACA. The remaining FHP population, those above Medicaid levels, will be eligible for federal tax credits in the ACA exchange and the State will pay all additional out-of-pocket costs for these individuals. The proposed elimination is expected to provide savings to the State of $38.5 million in FY 2015, and $29.0 million thereafter.
Factors affecting the level of Medicaid spending growth that must be managed within the cap include Medicaid enrollment, costs of provider health care services (particularly in managed care) and levels of utilization. The number of Medicaid recipients, including FHP, is expected to exceed 5.6 million at the end of fiscal year 2014, an increase of 7.3 percent from the fiscal year 2013 caseload of 5.3 million, a result mainly attributable to expanded eligibility pursuant to the ACA. Under the provisions of the ACA, the federal government is expected to finance a greater share of Medicaid costs, the impact of which is expected to lower future growth in State-share Medicaid costs beginning in fiscal year 2014.
The Enacted Budget included authorization to establish the phased-takeover of local government administration of the Medicaid program, and to cap spending on local Medicaid administration at fiscal year 2012 appropriation levels. The Enacted Budget also provided Medicaid spending relief for all counties and New York City by reducing growth in local Medicaid payments. These changes are expected to provide fiscal and administrative relief to local governments. As allowed under the Enacted Budget, Monroe County, which had previously authorized a State intercept of sales tax in lieu of payment for its portion of the local share of Medicaid, chose to enter the Medicaid program effective February 1, 2013. Monroe County is expected to benefit in the long-term from entering the local cap program, as future costs associated with its Medicaid growth will be paid for by the State under the phased-in takeover initiative.
The 2013-2014 Executive Budget proposes to transfer all administrative costs, including those State resources associated with the local Medicaid takeover program, from the Public Health budget to the Medicaid budget. This change will align operational resources with programmatic responsibilities to provide flexibility to meet emerging needs during the course of the year. Using additional efficiencies gained from the local Medicaid takeover, this change is expected to avoid State General Fund costs of approximately $32 million in fiscal year 2014, $50 million in fiscal year 2015, and $67 million annually thereafter without placing additional fiscal pressure on the Medicaid Global Cap. Ongoing efforts have identified a variety of other programmatic efficiencies and re-investments which are expected to improve overall service delivery within the health care industry, but which are not expected to have a significant net financial impact on the State’s Medicaid program.
School Aid. The Enacted Budget included a two-year appropriation and continues the change to tie future increases in school aid (“School Aid”) to the rate of growth in New York State personal income. Under this limit, School Aid funding will increase by $611 million in school year 2014, a 3.0 percent increase from school year 2013.
Projected School Aid funding is a function of both a personal income growth index used to determine allowable growth, and future legislation to allocate the allowable increases. Current law prescribes allowable growth to include spending for new competitive grant programs which reward school districts that demonstrate significant student performance improvements or those that undertake long-term structural changes to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Allowable growth also includes increases in expense-based aid programs (e.g., building aid, transportation aid) under existing statutory provisions. Any remaining amount of allowable growth can be allocated pursuant to a chapter of law for purposes including, but not limited to, additional spending for competitive grants, increases in foundation aid, or restoration of the gap elimination adjustment.
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Based on updated estimates of personal income growth, School Aid is projected to increase by an additional $686 million in school year 2015 and $989 million in school year 2016. School Aid is projected to reach an annual total of $23.8 billion in school year 2017.
The State finances School Aid from General Fund revenues and from lottery fund receipts, including video lottery terminals (“VLT”), which are accounted for and disbursed from a dedicated revenue account. Because the State fiscal year begins on April 1, the State pays approximately 70 percent of the annual school year commitment during the State fiscal year in which it is enacted, and pays the remaining 30 percent in the first three months of the following State fiscal year. State spending for School Aid is projected to total $20.3 billion in fiscal year 2014.
In future years, receipts available to finance School Aid from core lottery sales are projected to grow marginally, while VLT receipts are anticipated to increase through FY 2015 as a result of the recent implementation of the VLT facility at the Aqueduct Racetrack. In addition to State aid, school districts receive approximately $3 billion annually in federal categorical aid.
New York City
General. The City, with a population of approximately 8,175,000, is an international center of business and culture. Its non-manufacturing economy is broadly based, with the banking and securities, life insurance, communications, publishing, fashion design, retailing and construction industries accounting for a significant portion of the City’s total employment earnings. Additionally, the City is a leading tourist destination. Manufacturing activity in the City is conducted primarily in apparel and printing. For each of the 1981 through 2012 fiscal years, the City’s General Fund had an operating surplus, before discretionary and other transfers, and achieved balanced operating results as reported in accordance with then applicable generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), after discretionary and other transfers and except for the application of Statement No. 49 of the Government Accounting Standards Board (“GASB 49”). City fiscal years end on June 30 and are referred to by the calendar year in which they end. The City has been required to close substantial gaps between forecast revenues and forecast expenditures in order to maintain balanced operating results. There can be no assurance that the City will continue to maintain balanced operating results as required by State law without proposed tax or other revenue increases or reductions in City services or entitlement programs, which could adversely affect the City’s economic base.
As required by the New York State Financial Emergency Act For The City of New York (the “Financial Emergency Act” or the “Act”) and the New York City Charter (the “City Charter”), the City prepares a four-year annual financial plan, which is reviewed and revised on a quarterly basis and which includes the City’s capital, revenue and expense projections and outlines proposed gap-closing programs for years with projected budget gaps. The City’s current financial plan projects budget balance in the 2013 and 2014 fiscal years in accordance with GAAP except for the application of GASB 49. The City’s current financial plan projects budget gaps for each of the 2015 through 2017 fiscal years. A pattern of current year balance and projected subsequent year budget gaps has been consistent through the entire period since 1982, during which the City has achieved an excess of revenues over expenditures, before discretionary transfers, for each fiscal year. The City is required to submit its financial plans to the New York State Financial Control Board (the “Control Board”).
The Mayor is responsible for preparing the City’s financial plan which relates to the City and certain entities that receive funds from the City, including the financial plan for the 2013 through 2016 fiscal years submitted to the Control Board on June 28, 2012 (the “June Financial Plan”), which is consistent with the City’s expense and capital budgets for the 2013 fiscal year. Subsequently, the June Financial Plan was modified quarterly during the 2012 fiscal year. On November 9, 2012, the City submitted to the Control Board a modification to the June Financial Plan (the “November Financial Plan”). On January 29, 2013, the Mayor released his preliminary budget for the 2014 fiscal year and the City submitted to the Control Board a modification to the financial plan for the 2013 through 2017 fiscal years (as so modified, the “City Financial Plan”).
The City’s projections set forth in the City Financial Plan are based on various assumptions and contingencies which are uncertain and which may not materialize. The economic and financial condition of the City may be affected by various financial, social, geo-political, environmental and other factors which could have a material effect on the City. The City Comptroller and other agencies and public officials, from time to time, issue reports and make public statements which, among other things, state that projected revenues and expenditures may be different from those forecast in the City’s financial plans. For information on reports issued by the City Comptroller and others reviewing and commenting on the City Financial Plan and the June Financial Plan and identifying various risks, see “Certain Reports” herein.
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City’s Financing Program. Implementation of the City Financial Plan is dependent on the City’s ability to market successfully its bonds and notes, including revenue and tax anticipation notes that it may issue under certain circumstances to finance seasonal working capital requirements. Implementation of the City Financial Plan is also dependent upon the ability to market the securities of other financing entities including the New York City Municipal Water Finance Authority (the “Water Authority”) and the New York City Transitional Finance Authority (“TFA”). The success of projected public sales of City, Water Authority, TFA and other bonds and notes will be subject to prevailing market conditions. Future developments in the financial markets generally, as well as future developments concerning the City, and public discussion of such developments, may affect the market for outstanding City general obligation bonds and notes.
City Financial Plan. For the 2012 fiscal year, the City’s General Fund had a total surplus of $2.467 billion, before discretionary and other transfers, and achieved balanced operating results in accordance with GAAP, except for the application of GASB, after discretionary and other transfers. The 2012 fiscal year is the thirty-second consecutive year that the City has achieved balanced operating results when reported in accordance with GAAP, except for the application of GASB 49.
2013-2017 Financial Plan. The City Financial Plan projects revenues and expenses for the 2013 and 2014 fiscal years balanced in accordance with GAAP, except for the application of GASB 49, and projects gaps of approximately $2.4 billion, $1.9 billion and $1.9 billion in fiscal years 2015 through 2017, respectively, after the implementation of a gap-closing program. The June Financial Plan had projected revenues and expenses for the 2013 fiscal year balanced in accordance with GAAP, except for the application of GASB 49, and had projected gaps of approximately $2.5 billion, $3.1 billion and $3.1 billion in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively. The City Financial Plan reflects, since the June Financial Plan, a decrease in projected net revenues of $186 million in fiscal year 2013 and increases in projected net revenues of $491 million, $392 million and $905 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively. Changes in projected revenues include: (i) increases in real property tax revenues of $10 million, $386 million, $544 million and $830 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively; (ii) an increase in personal income tax revenues of $12 million in fiscal year 2013, and decreases in personal income tax revenues of $27 million, $99 million and $89 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively; (iii) an increase in business tax revenues of $131 million in fiscal year 2013, and decreases in business tax revenues of $111 million, $54 million and $79 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively; (iv) increases in real property transfer and mortgage recording tax revenues of $145 million, $67 million and $21 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2015, respectively, and a decrease in real property transfer and mortgage recording tax revenues of $21 million in fiscal year 2016; (v) decreases in sales tax revenues of $3 million, $5 million and $31 million in fiscal years 2013, 2015 and 2016, respectively, and an increase in sales tax revenues of $10 million in fiscal year 2014; (vi) increases in hotel tax revenues of $29 million, $15 million, $13 million and $14 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively; (vii) increases in State School Tax Relief Program (the “STAR Program”) revenues of $5 million, $9 million, $13 million and $18 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively; (viii) an increase in tax audit revenues of $113 million in fiscal year 2013; (ix) decreases in other tax revenues of $29 million, $39 million, $48 million and $60 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively; and (x) a net increase in other revenues of $36 million in fiscal year 2013, and net decreases in other revenues of $54 million, $30 million and $40 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively. Changes in projected revenues also include a decrease of $635 million in fiscal year 2013 and increases of $235 million, $37 million and $363 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively, resulting from changes in the anticipated timing of, and expected revenue from, the sale of taxi medallions. The number of taxi medallions that may be sold and the timing of such sale are subject to State administrative approval and certain litigation.
The City Financial Plan also reflects, since the June Financial Plan, decreases in projected net expenditures of $607 million and $56 million in fiscal years 2013 and 2014, respectively, and increases in projected net expenditures of $156 million and $232 million in fiscal years 2015 and 2016, respectively. Changes in projected expenditures include: (i) decreases in employer health insurance costs of $11 million, $191 million, $210 million and $232 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively, as a result of lower than assumed health insurance rates; (ii) net increases in agency expenses of $173 million, $273 million, $236 million and $242 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively; (iii) decreases in debt service of $56 million, $200 million and $16 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2015, respectively, primarily as a result of lower interest rates and debt refinancing, and an increase in debt service of $24 million in fiscal year 2016; (iv) a reduction in the reserve for claims from past periods of $500 million in fiscal year 2013; (v) a reduction in the general reserve of $200 million in fiscal year 2013; and (vi) net decreases in other expenses of $13 million, $36 million, $51 million and $97 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively. In addition, the City Financial Plan reflects increases in required pension contributions of $98 million, $197 million and $295 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively, as a result of the pension funds realizing a rate of return in fiscal year 2012 lower than the assumed actuarial rate of return.
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In addition, the City Financial Plan sets forth a gap-closing program to maintain budget balance in fiscal year 2013, to achieve budget balance in fiscal year 2014 and to reduce previously projected gaps in fiscal year 2015 and 2016. The gap-closing actions reflect reduced agency expenditures or increased revenues totaling $540 million, $1.0 billion, $508 million and $521 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively. The gap closing actions include $29 million and $230 million in debt service savings in fiscal years 2013 and 2014, respectively.
The City Financial Plan also reflects, since the June Financial Plan, an increase in the provision for the prepayment of fiscal year 2014 expenses, as a result of decreased expenditures or increased revenues, resulting in the net additional benefit of $961 million in fiscal year 2014.
The City Financial Plan contains funding for settled employees in the 2008-2010 round of collective bargaining, but does not contain funding for wage increases for unsettled employees including the United Federation of Teachers (“UFT”) for the 2008-2010 round of collective bargaining. Each 1% increase for UFT employees would cost approximately $100 million annually and each 1% increase for other unsettled employees in the 2008-2010 round of collective bargaining would cost approximately $16 million annually. A fact-finding procedure to provide recommendations for the resolution of an impasse in negotiations between the City and the UFT has commenced. Hearings have been scheduled to commence on May 6, 2013 and continue at least through late July 2013. The timing of final recommendations from the fact-finding procedure is uncertain and such recommendations are not binding, although such recommendations may influence ongoing collective bargaining.
The City Financial Plan does not include funding for wage increases for any employees in the first three years following the 2008-2010 round of collective bargaining, but does provide for 1.25% increases per year for all employees commencing in the fourth year after the 2008-2010 round of collective bargaining. Each 1% increase for all City employees costs approximately $300 million annually. The annual increase in State aid for education for fiscal year 2013 is payable only to school districts, including the City, that implemented a new teacher evaluation system no later than January 17, 2013. The City and the UFT did not reach an agreement regarding the implementation of a teacher evaluation system by such date. As a result, the City Financial Plan reflects a reduction of approximately $250 million in fiscal year 2013 and each fiscal year thereafter. In addition, the City Financial Plan reflects a reduction of $15 million in federal education aid in fiscal year 2013 because a teacher evaluation system was not implemented. If an agreement with the UFT is not reached and an evaluation system implemented by September 1, 2013, the City will, if State legislation is enacted in the form proposed in the Governor’s fiscal year 2013-14 budget, lose an additional $224 million in State education aid annually commencing in fiscal year 2014 and would not receive up to $52 million in federal education aid in fiscal year 2014. In addition, the State Education Department (“SED”) has informed the City that $830 million in federal education aid in fiscal year 2013 are at risk because it has not implemented a teacher evaluation system. If such implementation is further delayed, there could be additional reductions in State and federal aid. The City and the UFT are continuing negotiations regarding such implementation. On February 19, 2013, a preliminary injunction was issued by the Supreme Court in New York County preventing the State from reducing the City’s State aid for education to its 2011-2012 level. On February 27, 2013, the plaintiffs announced their intention to seek to join the City as a defendant in order to prevent the budget reductions necessitated by the State’s reduction in such aid. The preliminary injunction is not final and the State may ask the Appellate Division to stay the injunction, which would allow the State to reduce such aid. Furthermore, the merits of the lower court injunction will be subject to review by the Appellate Division and, potentially, by the Court of Appeals. The threat of the reduction in such aid remains until a final judicial decision is issued.
On August 17, 2012, a State court found that the legislation authorizing the sale of additional taxi medallions was unconstitutional and declared the act null and void. The City has filed notices of appeal. As a result of the appellate process, delays in the sale of taxi medallions caused a revision from the June Financial Plan to move revenues previously expected in 2013 into future years as described above and may further adversely affect the timing of receipt of revenues anticipated in the City Financial Plan, and, if the City is not ultimately successful on appeal, the City will not receive the $600 million, $497 million and $363 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively, in the City Financial Plan.
A series of automatic federal deficit reduction spending cuts, commonly known as sequestration, took effect on March 1, 2013. Such spending cuts to the federal budget for federal fiscal year 2013 will result in decreased federal aid to the City in fiscal years 2013 and 2014.
On Monday, October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy hit the Mid-Atlantic East Coast as a tropical storm. The storm caused widespread damage to the coastal and other low lying areas of the City and power failures in various parts of the City,
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including most of downtown Manhattan. The City, along with the State and federal governments, is engaged in a major effort to address the repair of its infrastructure and other storm-damaged property. In November 2012, in addition to the capital funds already included in the City Financial Plan for fiscal year 2013, the City appropriated $500 million in capital funds for schools and hospitals damaged by the storm. In addition, the City appropriated $500 million in expense funds for emergency repairs to damaged private properties. Although it is not possible for the City to quantify the full, long-term impact of the storm on the City and its economy, the City’s preliminary estimate of damage to property of the City, the New York City Housing Authority (the “Housing Authority” or “HA”) and the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (“HHC”) is approximately $4.5 billion. Of such amount, approximately $1.4 billion represents expense funding for emergency response, debris removal and emergency protective measures, and approximately $3.1 billion represents capital funding of long-term permanent work to repair damaged infrastructure. On January 29, 2013, President Obama signed legislation providing for approximately $50.5 billion in storm-related aid for the region affected by the storm.
The City Financial Plan assumes that all of the City’s costs relating to the storm will ultimately be paid from non-City sources, primarily the federal government. The maximum reimbursement rate from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”) is 90% of total costs. Other funding sources, such as the Army Corps of Engineers, may have larger local share percentages. Although the City Financial Plan assumes that remaining amounts will be paid from other sources, no assurance can be given that the City will be reimbursed for all of its costs or that such reimbursements will be received within the time periods assumed in the City Financial Plan. In addition, the City may incur costs relating to flood insurance that are not reflected in the City Financial Plan, which could offset some reimbursements. Like most federal appropriations, storm-related funding, including FEMA reimbursement, is subject to federal sequestration as described above.
From time to time, the Control Board staff, the Office of the State Deputy Comptroller (“OSDC”), the City Comptroller, the Independent Budget Office (“IBO”) and others issue reports and make public statements regarding the City’s financial condition, commenting on, among other matters, the City’s financial plans, projected revenues and expenditures and actions by the City to eliminate projected operating deficits. Some of these reports and statements have warned that the City may have underestimated certain expenditures and overestimated certain revenues and have suggested that the City may not have adequately provided for future contingencies. Certain of these reports have analyzed the City’s future economic and social conditions and have questioned whether the City has the capacity to generate sufficient revenues in the future to meet the costs of its expenditure increases and to provide necessary services. It is reasonable to expect that reports and statements will continue to be issued and to engender public comment. For information on reports issued and to be issued by the City Comptroller and others reviewing and commenting on the November Financial Plan and the City Financial Plan and identifying various risks, see “Certain Reports” herein. Particular risks to the November Financial Plan identified in the reports include potential collective bargaining costs and receipt of revenues from the sale of taxi medallions.
Job Growth. Private sector jobs in the City declined by 140,000, or 4.3%, from a peak in August 2008 to a low in August 2009. From September 2009 through December 2012, private sector jobs in the City increased by 229,000, a recovery of all private sector jobs lost during the downturn. Private sector jobs in the United States declined by 8.8 million, or 7.6%, from a peak in January 2008 to a low in February 2010. From February 2010 through December 2012, private sector jobs in the United States grew by 5.9 million, or 67% of private sector jobs lost. Recent information on job trends at both the national and City levels suggests continued modest growth; however, volatility over the past year has caused some uncertainty in the outlook for continued growth.
Assumptions. The City Financial Plan is based on numerous assumptions, including the condition of the City’s and the region’s economies and the concomitant receipt of economically sensitive tax revenues in the amounts projected. The City Financial Plan is subject to various other uncertainties and contingencies relating to, among other factors, the extent, if any, to which wage increases for City employees exceed the annual wage costs assumed; realization of projected earnings for pension fund assets and current assumptions with respect to wages for City employees affecting the City’s required pension fund contributions; the willingness and ability of the State to provide the aid contemplated by the City Financial Plan and to take various other actions to assist the City; the ability of HHC and other such entities to maintain balanced budgets; the willingness of the federal government to provide the amount of federal aid contemplated in the City Financial Plan; the impact on City revenues and expenditures of federal and State legislation affecting Medicare or other entitlement programs; adoption of the City’s budgets by the City Council in substantially the forms submitted by the Mayor; the ability of the City to implement cost reduction initiatives, and the success with which the City controls expenditures; the impact of conditions in the real estate market on real estate tax revenues; and the ability of the City and other financing entities to market their securities successfully in the public credit markets. Certain of these assumptions are reviewed in reports issued by the City Comptroller and other public officials.
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The projections and assumptions contained in the City Financial Plan are subject to revision, which may be substantial. No assurance can be given that the estimates and projections, which include actions the City expects will be taken but are not within the City’s control, will be realized.
Real Estate Tax. Projections of real estate tax revenues are based on a number of assumptions, including, among others, assumptions relating to the tax rate, the assessed valuation of the City’s taxable real estate, the delinquency rate, debt service needs, a reserve for uncollectible taxes and the operating limit. Projections of real estate tax revenues include net revenues from the sale of real property tax liens of $46 million, $38 million, $38 million, $38 million and $40 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2017, respectively. The authorization to sell such real estate tax liens was extended through December 31, 2014. Projections of real estate tax revenues include the effects of the STAR Program which will reduce the real estate tax revenues by an estimated $214 million in fiscal year 2013. Projections of real estate tax revenues reflect the estimated cost of extending the current tax reduction for owners of cooperative and condominium apartments amounting to $462 million, $481 million, $501 million, $523 million and $553 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2017, respectively.
The delinquency rate was 1.8% in fiscal year 2008, 1.8% in fiscal year 2009, 1.9% in fiscal year 2010, 2.2% in fiscal year 2011 and 1.7% in fiscal year 2012. The City Financial Plan projects delinquency rates of 2.1% in fiscal years 2013 and 2.0% in each of fiscal years 2014 through 2017.
Other Taxes. The City Financial Plan reflects the following assumptions regarding projected baseline revenues from other taxes: (i) with respect to the personal income tax, moderate growth in fiscal year 2013 due to employment gains and an acceleration in capital gains realizations in anticipation of higher federal tax rates beginning in calendar year 2013, slower growth in fiscal year 2014 as a result of the shift of capital gains realizations from fiscal year 2014 into fiscal year 2013, and moderate growth in fiscal years 2015 and 2017 reflecting the steady recovery of the national and local economies; (ii) with respect to the general corporation tax, weak growth in fiscal year 2013 reflecting a decline in finance sector tax payments as a result of the reduction of tax year 2012 payments by overpayments on account from tax year 2011, and an increase in non-finance sector tax payments paralleling the steady economic growth, and moderate growth in fiscal years 2014 through 2017 reflecting trend levels of Wall Street profitability and steady economic growth; (iii) with respect to the banking corporation tax, moderate growth in fiscal year 2013 reflecting tax payments on tax year 2012 Wall Street profitability, a decline in growth in fiscal year 2014 followed by moderate growth in fiscal years 2015 through 2017 reflecting the gradual withdrawal of government support from the nation’s financial system, the implementation of government regulation as well as trend levels of Wall Street profitability and steady economic growth; (iv) with respect to the unincorporated business tax, moderate growth in fiscal year 2013 reflecting growth in the non-finance sector and a rebound in finance sector tax payments, and continued growth through fiscal year 2017 reflecting steady economic growth; (v) with respect to the sales tax, moderate growth in fiscal year 2013 reflecting increased taxable consumption due to the local economic recovery and strong tourist consumption, and trend in fiscal years 2014 through 2017 reflecting steady economic growth; (vi) with respect to real property transfer tax, strong growth in fiscal year 2013 and continued growth through fiscal year 2017, as both the volume and price of residential and commercial transactions rebound with the recovery of the local economy; (vii) with respect to the mortgage recording tax, strong growth continuing in fiscal year 2013 for the third consecutive year, after three years of decline from fiscal years 2008 through 2010, and growth continuing through fiscal year 2017, as both the volume and price of residential and commercial transactions rebound with the recovery of the local economy; and (viii) with respect to the commercial rent tax, moderate growth in fiscal year 2013, reflecting improving vacancy rates and asking rents as the local economy recovers from the impact of the national slowdown and contraction in office-using employment, and continuing growth through fiscal year 2017, as the local office market recovers with employment gains.
Intergovernmental Aid. For its normal operations, the City depends on aid from the State both to enable the City to balance its budget and to meet its cash requirements. There can be no assurance that there will not be delays or reductions in State aid to the City from amounts currently projected; that State budgets for future State fiscal years will be adopted by the April 1 statutory deadline, or interim appropriations will be enacted; or that any such reductions or delays will not have adverse effects on the City’s cash flow or expenditures. In addition, the City has made various assumptions with respect to federal aid. Future federal actions or inactions could have adverse effects on the City’s cash flow or revenues.
Federal and State Categorical Grants. The City Financial Plan assumes that all existing federal and State categorical grant programs will continue, unless specific legislation provides for their termination or adjustment, and assumes increases in aid where increased costs are projected for existing grant programs. Federal funds for education, primarily provided through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (“ARRA”), of $86 million and $76 million, are reflected in fiscal years 2013 and 2014, respectively. In addition, the City Financial Plan assumes increased federal Medicaid participation of $32 million in fiscal
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year 2013. In addition, the City Financial Plan assumes federal funding of $1.4 billion in fiscal year 2013 for expenditures for storm damage remediation as a result of Hurricane Sandy. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 13.8% of the City’s full-time and full-time equivalent employees were paid by community development funds, water and sewer funds and from other sources not funded by unrestricted revenues of the City. A major component of federal categorical aid to the City is the community development program. Pursuant to federal legislation, community development grants are provided to cities primarily to aid low and moderate income persons by improving housing facilities, parks and other improvements, by providing certain social programs and by promoting economic development. These grants are based on a formula that takes into consideration such factors as population, housing overcrowding and poverty.
The City’s receipt of categorical aid is contingent upon the satisfaction of certain statutory conditions and is subject to subsequent audits, possible disallowances and possible prior claims by the State or federal governments. The general practice of the State and federal governments has been to deduct the amount of any disallowances against the current year’s payment, although in some cases the City remits payment for disallowed amounts to the grantor. Substantial disallowances of aid claims may be asserted during the course of the City Financial Plan. The City estimates probable amounts of disallowances of recognized grant revenues and makes the appropriate adjustments to recognized grant revenue for each fiscal year. The amounts of such downward adjustments to revenue for disallowances attributable to prior years increased from $124 million in the 1977 fiscal year to $542 million in the 2006 fiscal year. The amount of such disallowance was $103 million and $114 million in fiscal years 2007 and 2008, respectively. There were no adjustments for estimated disallowances in fiscal years 2009 and 2010. In fiscal year 2011 the downward adjustment for disallowances was $113 million and in fiscal year 2012 an upward adjustment of $166 million was made, reflecting a reduced estimate of disallowances attributable to prior years as of June 30, 2012. As of June 30, 2012, the City had an accumulated reserve of $997 million for all disallowances of categorical aid.
Personal Service Costs and Other Post-Employment Benefits. The City Financial Plan projects that the authorized number of City-funded full-time and full-time equivalent employees will decrease from an estimated level of 255,205 as of June 30, 2013 to an estimated level of 253,579 by June 30, 2017. Other Fringe Benefits includes $2.060 billion, $2.219 billion, $2.416 billion, $2.647 billion and $2.898 billion in fiscal years 2013 through 2017, respectively, for Other Post-Employment Benefits (“OPEB”) expenditures for current retirees, which costs are currently paid by the City on a pay-as-you-go basis. The Retiree Health Benefits Trust (the “RHBT”) reflects lowered expense of $1 billion in each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014, as a result of drawing down the Retiree Health Benefits Trust Fund in those years. The Reserve for Collective Bargaining contains funds for unsettled non-uniformed employees for the 2006-2008 round of bargaining. It does not contain funds for wage increases for unsettled employees including the UFT in the 2008-2010 round of collective bargaining. The Reserve for Collective Bargaining assumes no wage increases for the first three years of the round of collective bargaining following the 2008-2010 round of collective bargaining, followed by annual wage increases of 1.25% thereafter.
Other Than Personal Services Costs. The City Financial Plan contains estimates of the City’s administrative Other Than Personal Services Costs (“OTPS”) expenditures for general supplies and materials, equipment and selected contractual services, and the impact of agency gap-closing actions relating to such expenditures in the 2013 fiscal year. Thereafter, to account for inflation, administrative OTPS expenditures are projected to rise by 2.5% annually in fiscal years 2014 through 2017. Energy costs for each of the 2013 through 2017 fiscal years are assumed to increase annually, with total energy expenditures projected at $1.10 billion in fiscal year 2013 and increasing to $1.20 billion by fiscal year 2017.
Public Assistance. The number of persons receiving benefits under cash assistance programs is projected to average
352,956 per month in the 2013 fiscal year. Of total cash assistance expenditures in the City, the City-funded portion is projected to be $527 million, $529 million, $528 million, $528 million and $532 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2017, respectively.
Medical Assistance. Medical assistance payments projected in the City Financial Plan consist of payments to voluntary hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, intermediate care facilities, home care, pharmacy, managed care and physicians and other medical practitioners. The City-funded portion of medical assistance payments is estimated at $6.2 billion for the 2013 fiscal year, which is lower than subsequent fiscal years as a result of a temporary increase in the federal share of Medicaid costs under ARRA.
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”), which administers the Medicaid program, has communicated to the State that it may disallow a claim for a portion of the federal share of certain Medicaid costs that HHS believes should have been submitted as a different type of expenditure with a lower federal Medicaid rate than claimed. If it
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were disallowed, the City would be required to return approximately $111 million that it previously received. Discussions concerning such possible disallowance are ongoing.
The City-funded portion of medical assistance payments is expected to increase to $6.273 billion, $6.354 billion, $6.323 billion and $6.323 billion in fiscal years 2014 through 2017, respectively. Such payments include, among other things, City-funded Medicaid payments, including City-funded Medicaid payments to HHC.
Health and Hospitals Corporation. Certain governmental agencies, public authorities or public benefit corporations receive monies from the City directly, indirectly or contingently (each, a “Covered Organization”). HHC operates under its own section of the City Financial Plan as a Covered Organization. The HHC financial plan projects City-funded expenditures of $198 million in fiscal year 2013 decreasing to $171 million in fiscal year 2017. City-funded expenditures include City subsidy, intra-City payments and grants and exclude prepayments.
On an accrual basis, HHC’s total receipts before implementation of the HHC gap-closing program are projected to be $7.4 billion, $7.6 billion, $7.7 billion, 7.8 billion and $7.7 billion in fiscal years 2013 through 2017, respectively. Total disbursements before implementation of the HHC gap-closing program are projected to be $8.0 billion in fiscal year 2013 increasing to $8.8 billion in fiscal year 2017. These projections assume increases in fringe benefits in fiscal years 2013 through 2017. Significant changes have been and may be made in Medicaid, Medicare and other third-party payor programs, which could have adverse impacts on HHC’s financial condition.
Other. The projections set forth in the City Financial Plan for OTPS-Other include the City’s contributions to New York City Transit (“NYCT”), the New York City Housing Authority, the City University of New York and subsidies to libraries and various cultural institutions. They also include projections for the cost of future judgments and claims. In the past, the City has provided additional assistance to certain Covered Organizations which had exhausted their financial resources prior to the end of the fiscal year. No assurance can be given that similar additional assistance will not be required in the future.
New York City Transit. NYCT operates under its own section of the City Financial Plan as a Covered Organization. The financial plan for NYCT covering its 2012 through 2016 fiscal years was prepared in November 2012. The NYCT fiscal year coincides with the calendar year. The NYCT financial plan projects City assistance to the NYCT operating budget of $329.2 million in 2012 increasing to $442.0 million in 2016, in addition to real estate transfer tax revenue dedicated for NYCT use of $409.2 million in 2012 increasing to $600.8 million in 2016.
The NYCT financial plan includes additional revenues from a fare increase in 2011, three year net-zero and accelerated zero wage increases from 2011 through 2015 on pending labor negotiations, updated inflation assumptions and other actions. After reflecting such revenues and actions, the NYCT financial plan projects $8.5 billion in revenues and $11.4 billion in expenses for 2012, leaving a budget gap of $2.9 billion. After accounting for accrual adjustments and cash carried over from 2011, NYCT projects an operating budget surplus of $149.8 million in 2012. The NYCT financial plan forecasts operating budget gaps of $300 million in 2013, $500 million in 2014, $600 million in 2015 and $900 million in 2016.
In 2009, a Payroll Mobility Tax (“PMT”) was enacted into State law to provide $0.34 for every $100 of payroll in the Metropolitan Transit Authority’s (“MTA”) twelve county service area. The PMT is currently expected to raise revenues for the MTA in the amount of $1.3 billion in 2012, growing to $1.5 billion in 2016.
On August 22, 2012, the State Supreme Court ruled that the 2009 PMT is unconstitutional because there had not been a home rule message approving it from each of the twelve counties serviced by the MTA. The MTA has appealed the decision. The PMT remains due and payable pending the decision on appeal. If the MTA’s appeal were not successful, the MTA’s revenues would be reduced by the entire amount of the PMT. In addition, if the appeal were unsuccessful, the State Legislature could eliminate funding that it currently provides to the MTA to replace the elimination of the PMT for school districts and small businesses, which was enacted into law effective in 2012. The amount of such reduction, if it occurred, is currently projected to be $255 million in 2012, increasing to $310 million in 2016.
The MTA Board approved the 2010-2014 Capital Program in April 2010 and the State Capital Program Review Board (“CPRB”) approved the first two years of it on June 2, 2010 because the MTA had identified funding for only the first two years of the program. The CPRB vetoed the last three years of the program without prejudice to permit the MTA additional time to resolve the funding issues. The MTA Board approved the amended 2010-2014 Capital Program in December 2011 and the CPRB approved it on March 27, 2012. The plan includes $22.2 billion for all MTA agencies, including $11.6 billion to be invested in the NYCT core system, $1.9 billion for NYCT network expansion, and $200 million for security. Due to damages caused by
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Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012, the MTA Board approved a revised 2010-2014 Capital Program in December 2012, which includes $4.8 billion in additional capital funds, of which $3.4 billion is for the NYCT.
The 2010-2014 Capital Program follows the 2005-2009 Capital Program, which provided approximately $17.1 billion for NYCT. In addition, the 2005-2009 Capital Program included approximately $2 billion for extension of the Number 7 subway line and other public improvements which will be funded with proceeds of bonds issued by the Hudson Yards Infrastructure Corporation (“HYIC”).
Department of Education. State law requires the City to provide City funds for the Department of Education (“DOE”) each year in an amount not less than the amount appropriated for the preceding fiscal year, excluding amounts for debt service and pensions for the DOE. Such City funding must be maintained, unless total City funds for the fiscal year are estimated to be lower than in the preceding fiscal year, in which case the mandated City funding for the DOE may be reduced by an amount up to the percentage reduction in total City funds.
Certain Reports. From time to time, the Control Board staff, the Office of the State Deputy Controller (“OSDC”), the City Comptroller, the Independent Budget Office (“IBO”) and others issue reports and make public statements regarding the City’s financial condition, commenting on, among other matters, the City’s financial plans, projected revenues and expenditures and actions by the City to eliminate projected operating deficits. Some of these reports and statements have warned that the City may have underestimated certain expenditures and overestimated certain revenues and have suggested that the City may not have adequately provided for future contingencies. Certain of these reports have analyzed the City’s future economic and social conditions and have questioned whether the City has the capacity to generate sufficient revenues in the future to meet the costs of its expenditure increases and to provide necessary services. It is reasonable to expect that reports and statements will continue to be issued and to engender public comment. The following summaries do not purport to be comprehensive or definitive.
On December 14, 2012, the City Comptroller released a report commenting on the November Financial Plan. In the report, the City Comptroller identified net risks for fiscal years 2013 through 2016 which, when added to the results projected in the November Financial Plan, would result in gaps of $2.72 billion, $2.72 billion, $3.76 billion and $2.78 billion in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively. The differences from the November Financial Plan projections result in part from the City Comptroller’s expenditure projections, which exceed those in the November Financial Plan by $2.80 billion, $1.03 billion, $991 million and $955 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively, resulting from: (i) wage increases, including retroactive wage increases, as a result of collective bargaining with the City’s teacher and school administrator unions, which would result in increased costs of $2.60 billion in fiscal year 2013 and $900 million in each of fiscal years 2014 through 2016; (ii) increased overtime expenditures of $149 million in fiscal year 2013 and $100 million in each of fiscal years 2014 through 2016; (iii) uncertainty of receipt of increased Medicaid funds for special education services of $100 million in each of fiscal years 2013 through 2016; (iv) increased public assistance caseload and grants expenditures of $20 million in each of fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively; and (v) lower estimates for judgments and claims expenditures of $60 million, $93 million, $129 million and $165 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively. The differences from the November Financial Plan also result from the City Comptroller’s revenue projections. The report estimates that (i) property tax revenues will be lower by $13 million in fiscal year 2013, and higher by $338 million, $591 million and $1.05 billion in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively; (ii) personal income tax revenues will be higher by $36 million, $299 million, $129 million and $221 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively; (iii) business tax revenues will be lower by $24 million, $119 million, $92 million and $115 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively; (iv) sales tax revenues will be higher by $10 million, $85 million, $205 million and $321 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively; and (v) real-estate related tax revenues will be higher by $79 million, $41 million and $37 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2015, respectively, and lower by $59 million in fiscal year 2016. The revenue projections result in higher net tax revenues of $88 million, $644 million, $870 million and $1.42 billion in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively. Additionally, the City Comptroller’s report states that the November Financial Plan assumption of revenues of $790 million, $447 million and $223 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively, from the sale of taxi medallions is a significant risk.
In December 2012, the staff of OSDC released a report on the November Financial Plan. The report states that the fiscal year 2013 budget is balanced, the fiscal year 2014 budget gap has been reduced to a manageable $1.2 billion, but the outyear budget gaps are more than double that amount, with such projected budget gaps having the potential to increase due to further delays in the sale of additional taxi medallions, the outcome of collective bargaining, and the impacts of Hurricane Sandy and actions to reduce the federal deficit. The report notes that the fiscal year 2013 budget is balanced with $3.8 billion in non-recurring resources and that resources previously set aside to help fund the costs of other post-employment benefits
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have been redirected to help balance the budget. The report identifies rapid growth in non-discretionary costs such as health insurance and debt service as an area of concern. The report quantifies certain risks, partially offset by possible additional resources, to the November Financial Plan. The report identifies net risks to the November Financial Plan of $702 million and $347 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2015, respectively, and net additional resources of $52 million in fiscal year 2016. When combined with the results projected in the November Financial Plan, the report estimates budget gaps of $1.85 billion, $3.13 billion and $2.56 billion in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively. The report identifies risks entirely offset by additional revenues in fiscal year 2013. The risks to the November Financial Plan identified in the report include (i) decreased savings of $105 million, $187 million, $125 million and $125 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively, if agency gap-closing actions are not successfully implemented, and (ii) $790 million, $447 million and $223 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively, if the planned sale of additional taxi medallions, which is currently the subject of multiple lawsuits, is not successfully implemented. The report identifies additional revenues including (i) business tax revenue of $100 million in fiscal year 2013, (ii) property tax revenues of $100 million, $225 million and $400 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively and (iii) debt refunding savings of $5 million and $175 in fiscal years 2013 and 2014, respectively. In addition to the adjustments to the November Financial Plan projections set forth above, the OSDC report identifies four additional risks that could have a significant impact on the City. First, the OSDC report identifies risks resulting from increased costs as a result of collective bargaining with the teachers’ union of $900 million in each of fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively, excluding any retroactive costs. Second, if wages for all City employees were to increase at the projected rate of inflation without any offsetting savings, costs would increase by $17 million, $87 million, $217 million and $412 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively. Third, the report notes that the receipt of additional State education aid of about $250 million in fiscal year 2013 is contingent upon the City and the UFT reaching agreement on a teacher evaluation program. Fourth, the report states that the City potentially could lose federal funding (mostly for education and social services) from federal budget cuts in estimated amounts of $300 million, $200 million and $200 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively, not including the economic and budgetary impact of expiring tax provisions.
On December 13, 2012, the staff of the Control Board issued a report on the November Financial Plan. The report states that, similar to fiscal year 2012, the City needs to use the gap-closing program to maintain budget balance in the current fiscal year and is unable to increase the budget stabilization account. The report also states that while the November Financial Plan relies on credible assumptions regarding the economic recovery of the City, such assumptions will have to be reconsidered in the next budget modification to address the effects of Hurricane Sandy. The report further states that with the major uncertainties of the sale of taxi medallions, the impact of Hurricane Sandy and the federal government’s deficit reduction actions, the City may have to continue to develop gap-closing programs to reduce expenditures or raise revenues. The report quantifies certain risks to the November Financial Plan. The report identifies possible risks of $50 million, $939 million, $640 million and $453 million in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively. When combined with the results projected in the November Financial Plan, these risks could result in estimated gaps of $50 million, $2.09 billion, $3.43 billion and $3.07 billion in fiscal years 2013 through 2016, respectively. The risks to the November Financial Plan identified in the report include (i) increased uniformed services overtime expenses of $99 million, $143 million and $180 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively; (ii) the failure to achieve planned Police Department overtime savings of $50 million in each of fiscal years 2013 through 2016; and (iii) $790 million, $447 million and $223 million in fiscal years 2014 through 2016, respectively, if the planned sale of additional taxi medallions is not successfully implemented.
Outstanding General Obligation Indebtedness. As of January 31, 2013, approximately $41 billion of City general obligation bonds were outstanding, of which $6.44 billion are variable rate demand bonds.
Water, Sewer and Waste. The City’s financing program includes the issuance of water and sewer revenue bonds by the Water Authority which is authorized to issue bonds to finance capital investment in the City’s water and sewer system. Pursuant to State law, debt service on Water Authority indebtedness is secured by water and sewer fees paid by users of the water and sewer system. Such fees are revenues of the Water Board, which holds a lease interest in the City’s water and sewer system. After providing for debt service on obligations of the Water Authority and certain incidental costs, the revenues of the Water Board are paid to the City to cover the City’s costs of operating the water and sewer system and as rental for the system. The City’s Preliminary Ten-Year Capital Strategy applicable to the City’s water and sewer system covering fiscal years 2014 through 2023, projects City funded water and sewer investment (which is expected to be financed with proceeds of Water Authority debt) at approximately $12.2 billion. The City’s Capital Commitment Plan for fiscal years 2013 through 2016 reflects total anticipated City-funded water and sewer commitments of $7.8 billion which are expected to be financed with the proceeds of Water Authority debt.
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New York City Transitional Finance Authority. The TFA is authorized to have outstanding $13.5 billion of Future Tax Secured Bonds (excluding Recovery Bonds) and may issue additional Future Tax Secured Bonds provided that the amount of such additional bonds, together with the amount of indebtedness contracted by the City, do not exceed the debt limit of the City. Future Tax Secured Bonds are issued for general City capital purposes and are secured by the City’s personal income tax revenues and, to the extent such revenues do not satisfy specified debt ratios, sales tax revenues. In addition, the TFA is authorized to have outstanding $9.4 billion of Building Aid Revenue Bonds to pay for a portion of the City’s five-year educational facilities capital plan. Building Aid Revenue Bonds are secured by State building aid, which the Mayor has assigned to the TFA. The TFA expects to issue $1.350 billion, $1.202 billion, $1.035 billion, $942 million and $898 million of Building Aid Revenue Bonds in fiscal years 2013 through 2017, respectively. Implementation of the financing program is dependent upon the ability of the City and other financing entities to market their securities successfully in the public credit markets which will be subject to prevailing market conditions at the times of sale. No assurance can be given that the credit markets will absorb the projected amounts of public bond sales. A significant portion of bond financing is used to reimburse the City’s General Fund for capital expenditures already incurred. If the City and such other entities are unable to sell such amounts of bonds, it would have an adverse effect on the City’s cash position. In addition, the need of the City to fund future debt service costs from current operations may also limit the City’s capital program. The Preliminary Ten-Year Capital Strategy for fiscal years 2014 through 2023 totals $50.9 billion, of which approximately 75% is to be financed with funds borrowed by the City and such other entities. Congressional developments affecting federal taxation generally could reduce the market value of tax-favored investments and increase the debt-service costs of carrying out the major portion of the City’s capital plan which is currently eligible for tax-exempt financing.
Litigation. The City is a defendant in a significant number of lawsuits. While the ultimate outcome and fiscal impact, if any, on the City of the proceedings and claims described below are not currently predictable, adverse determinations in certain of them might have a material adverse effect upon the City’s ability to carry out the City Financial Plan. The City has estimated that its potential future liability on account of outstanding claims against it as of June 30, 2012 amounted to approximately $6.3 billion.
Risk of Investing in Asia.  Investments in securities of issuers in certain Asian countries involve risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in other regions. Such heightened risks include, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socio-economic unrest. Many Asian economies have experienced rapid growth and industrialization, and there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained.
Certain Asian countries have democracies with relatively short histories, which may increase the risk of political instability. These countries have faced political and military unrest, and further unrest could present a risk to their local economies and securities markets. Indonesia and the Philippines have each experienced violence and terrorism, which has negatively impacted their economies. North Korea and South Korea each have substantial military capabilities, and historical tensions between the two countries present the risk of war. Recently these tensions have escalated. Any outbreak of hostilities between the two countries could have a severe adverse effect on the South Korean economy and securities market. Increased political and social unrest in these geographic areas could adversely affect the performance of investments in this region.
Certain governments in this region administer prices on several basic goods, including fuel and electricity, within their respective countries. Certain governments may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector in their respective countries and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in this region, which in turn could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments adversely affecting investments in the region.
Corruption and the perceived lack of a rule of law in dealings with international companies in certain Asian countries may discourage foreign investment and could negatively impact the long-term growth of certain economies in this region. In addition, certain countries in the region are experiencing high unemployment and corruption, and have fragile banking sectors.
Some economies in this region are dependent on a range of commodities, including oil, natural gas and coal. Accordingly, they are strongly affected by international commodity prices and particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products. The market for securities in this region may also be directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and by the economic and market conditions of neighboring countries. Adverse economic conditions or developments in
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neighboring countries may increase investors' perception of the risk of investing in the region as a whole, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by companies in the region.
Risk of Investing in Australasia.  The economies of Australasia, which include Australia and New Zealand, are dependent on exports from the agricultural and mining sectors. This makes Australasian economies susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. Australasian economies are also increasingly dependent on their growing service industries. Australia and New Zealand are located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters, such as drought and flooding. Any such event in the future could have a significant adverse impact on the economies of Australia and New Zealand and affect the value of securities held by a relevant Fund. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are dependent on trading with certain key trading partners, including Asia, Europe and the United States. The Australia–U.S. Free Trade Agreement has significantly expanded the trading relationship between the United States and Australia. In 2003, Australia and Singapore entered into the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (“SAFTA”). SAFTA is intended to further expand the economic relationship with Singapore, Australia’s largest trade and investment partner in Southeast Asia. Thus, economic events in the United States, Asia, or in other key trading countries can have a significant economic effect on the Australian economy. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are heavily dependent on the mining sector. Passage of new regulations limiting foreign ownership of companies in the mining sector or imposition of new taxes on profits of mining companies may dissuade foreign investment, and as a result, have a negative impact on companies to which a Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in Central and South America.  The economies of certain Central and South American countries have experienced high interest rates, economic volatility, inflation, currency devaluations, government defaults and high unemployment rates. In addition, commodities (such as oil, gas and minerals) represent a significant percentage of exports for the regions and many economies in these regions are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices. Adverse economic events in one country may have a significant adverse effect on other countries of these regions.
Risk of Investing in Eastern Europe.  Investing in the securities of Eastern European issuers is highly speculative and involves risks not usually associated with investing in the more developed markets of Western Europe. Political and economic reforms are too recent to establish a definite trend away from centrally planned economies and state-owned industries. In the past, some Eastern European governments have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and many claims of the property owners have never been fully settled.
Many Eastern European countries continue to move toward market economies at different paces with appropriately different characteristics. Most Eastern European securities markets suffer from thin trading activity, dubious investor protections, and often a dearth of reliable corporate information. Information and transaction costs, differential taxes, and sometimes political or transfer risk give a comparative advantage to the domestic investor rather than the foreign investor. In addition, these markets are particularly sensitive to social, political, economic, and currency events in Russia and may suffer heavy losses as a result of their trading and investment links to the Russian economy and currency. Russia also may attempt to assert its influence in the region through economic or even military measures, as it did with Georgia in the summer of 2008. Eastern European economies may also be particularly susceptible to changes in the international credit markets due to their reliance on bank related inflows of capital. The global economic crisis has restricted international credit supplies, and several Eastern European economies have faced significant credit and economic crises. Although some Eastern European economies are expanding again, major challenges are still present as a result of their continued dependence on the Western European zone for credit.
Risk of Investing in Emerging Markets.  Certain of the Funds may invest in securities of issuers domiciled in emerging market countries. Investments in emerging market countries may be subject to greater risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include: (i) less social, political, and economic stability; (ii) greater illiquidity and price volatility due to smaller or limited local capital markets for such securities, or low or non-existent trading volumes; (iii) foreign exchanges and broker-dealers may be subject to less scrutiny and regulation by local authorities; (iv) local governments may decide to seize or confiscate securities held by foreign investors and/or local governments may decide to suspend or limit an issuer's ability to make dividend or interest payments; (v) local governments may limit or entirely restrict repatriation of invested capital, profits, and dividends; (vi) capital gains may be subject to local taxation, including on a retroactive basis; (vii) issuers facing restrictions on dollar or euro payments imposed by local governments may attempt to make dividend or interest payments to foreign investors in the local currency; (viii) investors may experience difficulty in enforcing legal claims related to the securities and/or local judges may favor the interests of the issuer over those of foreign investors; (ix) bankruptcy judgments
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may only be permitted to be paid in the local currency; (x) limited public information regarding the issuer may result in greater difficulty in determining market valuations of the securities, and (xi) lax financial reporting on a regular basis, substandard disclosure and differences in accounting standards may make it difficult to ascertain the financial health of an issuer.
Emerging market securities markets are typically marked by a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of ownership of such securities by a limited number of investors. In addition, brokerage and other costs associated with transactions in emerging markets securities markets can be higher, sometimes significantly, than similar costs incurred in securities markets in developed countries. Although some emerging markets have become more established and tend to issue securities of higher credit quality, the markets for securities in other emerging countries are in the earliest stages of their development, and these countries issue securities across the credit spectrum. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in emerging countries may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the securities markets of developed countries. The limited size of many of these securities markets can cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, prices may be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions in these markets. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity of such markets. The limited liquidity of emerging country securities may also affect a Fund's ability to accurately value its portfolio securities or to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so or in order to meet redemption requests.
Many emerging market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Sudden changes in governments may result in policies which are less favorable to investors such as policies designed to expropriate or nationalize “sovereign” assets. Certain emerging market countries in the past have expropriated large amounts of private property, in many cases with little or no compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future.
Investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit a Fund's investment in certain emerging countries and may increase the expenses of a Fund. Certain emerging countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer's outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals.
Many emerging market countries lack the social, political, and economic stability characteristic of the United States. Political instability among emerging market countries can be common and may be caused by an uneven distribution of wealth, social unrest, labor strikes, civil wars, and religious oppression. Economic instability in emerging market countries may take the form of: (i) high interest rates; (ii) high levels of inflation, including hyperinflation; (iii) high levels of unemployment or underemployment; (iv) changes in government economic and tax policies, including confiscatory taxation; and (v) imposition of trade barriers.
A Fund's income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the emerging market countries in which it invests, and treaties between the United States and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates.
Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain of these emerging markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions.
In the past, certain governments in emerging market countries have become overly reliant on the international capital markets and other forms of foreign credit to finance large public spending programs, which in the past have caused huge budget deficits. Often, interest payments have become too overwhelming for a government to meet, representing a large percentage of total GDP. These foreign obligations have become the subject of political debate and served as fuel for political parties of the opposition, which pressure the government not to make payments to foreign creditors, but instead to use these funds for, among other things, social programs. Either due to an inability to pay or submission to political pressure, foreign governments have been forced to seek a restructuring of their loan and/or bond obligations, have declared a temporary suspension of interest payments or have defaulted. These events have adversely affected the values of securities issued by
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foreign governments and corporations domiciled in those countries and have negatively affected not only their cost of borrowing, but their ability to borrow in the future as well.
Risk of Investing in Europe.   The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the “EU”) requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro (the common currency of certain EU countries), the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession among EU member countries may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners. Although certain European countries do not use the euro, many of these countries are obliged to meet the criteria for joining the euro zone. Consequently, these countries must comply with many of the restrictions noted above. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about economic downturns, rising government debt levels and the possible default of government debt in several European countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In order to prevent further economic deterioration, certain countries, without prior warning, can institute “capital controls.” Countries may use these controls to restrict volatile movements of capital entering and exiting their country. Such controls may negatively affect a Fund’s investments. A default or debt restructuring by any European country would adversely impact holders of that country's debt and sellers of credit default swaps linked to that country's creditworthiness, which may be located in countries other than those listed above. In addition, the credit ratings of certain European countries were recently downgraded. These downgrades may result in further deterioration of investor confidence. These events have adversely affected the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect the economies of every country in Europe, including countries that do not use the euro and non-EU member countries. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not produce the desired results, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and other entities of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.
Risk of Investing in North America.  The United States is Canada’s and Mexico’s largest trading and investment partner. The Canadian and Mexican economies are significantly affected by developments in the U.S. economy. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) in 1994 among Canada, the United States and Mexico, total merchandise trade between the three countries has increased. To further this relationship, the three NAFTA countries entered into the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America in March 2005, which may further affect Canada’s and Mexico’s dependency on the U.S. economy. Economic events in any one North American country can have a significant economic effect on the entire North American region, and on some or all of the North American countries in which a Fund invests.
Risk of Investing in the Basic Materials Sector.  Issuers in the basic materials sector could be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls and increased competition. Production of industrial materials often exceeds demand as a result of over-building or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns. Issuers in the basic materials sector are at risk for environmental damage and product liability claims and may be adversely affected by depletion of resources, delays in technical progress, labor relations and government regulations.
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Sector.  The capital goods sector may be affected by fluctuations in the business cycle and by other factors affecting manufacturing demands. The capital goods sector depends heavily on corporate spending. The capital goods sector may perform well during times of economic expansion, and as economic conditions worsen, the demand for capital goods may decrease. Many capital goods are sold internationally and such companies are subject to market conditions in other countries and regions.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector.  Companies engaged in the design, production or distribution of products or services for the consumer discretionary sector (including, without limitation, television and radio broadcasting, manufacturing, publishing, recording and musical instruments, motion pictures, photography, amusement and theme parks, gaming casinos, sporting goods and sports arenas, camping and recreational equipment, toys and games, apparel, travel-related services, automobiles, hotels and motels, and fast food and other restaurants) are subject to the risk that their products or services may become obsolete quickly. The consumer discretionary sector can be significantly affected by several factors, including, without limitation, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange rates, changing
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consumer tastes and trends, marketing campaigns, cyclical revenue generation, consumer confidence, commodity price volatility, labor relations, interest rates, import and export controls, intense competition, technological developments and government regulation.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Goods Sector.  The consumer goods sector may be strongly affected by trends, marketing campaigns and other factors affecting consumer demand. Governmental regulation affecting the use of various food additives may affect the profitability of certain companies in the consumer goods sector. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by new laws, regulations and litigation. Many consumer goods may be marketed globally, and consumer goods companies may be affected by the demand and market conditions in other countries and regions.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Services Sector.  The success of consumer product manufacturers and retailers (including food and drug retailers, general retailers, media, and travel and leisure) is tied closely to the performance of the domestic and international economy, interest rates, exchange rates, competition and consumer confidence. The consumer services sector depends heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. Companies in the consumer services sector may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability. Changes in demographics and consumer preferences may affect the success of consumer products.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector.  Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by changes in the global economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics and consumer preferences, and production spending. Companies in the consumer staples sector are also affected by changes in government regulation, global economic, environmental and political events, economic conditions and the depletion of resources. In addition, companies in the consumer staples sector may be subject to risks pertaining to the supply of, demand for and prices of raw materials. The prices of raw materials fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, changes in government agricultural support programs, exchange rates, import and export controls, changes in international agricultural and trading policies, and seasonal and weather conditions.
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector.  Companies in the energy sector are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, energy supply and demand, government regulations and policies, energy production and conservation efforts, and technological change. Prices and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to national and international political changes, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the key energy-consuming countries. In addition, companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property, pollution or other environmental damage claims and risk of loss from terrorism and natural disasters. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. In addition, because a significant portion of revenues of companies in this sector are derived from a relatively small number of customers that are largely composed of governmental entities and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on the stock prices of companies in this industry.
Risk of Investing in the Financial Sector.  Companies in the financial sector include regional and money center banks, securities brokerage firms, asset management companies, savings banks and thrift institutions, specialty finance companies (e.g., credit card, mortgage providers), insurance and insurance brokerage firms, financial conglomerates and foreign banking and financial companies. The global financial markets have experienced very difficult conditions and volatility as well as significant adverse trends. The deteriorating conditions in these markets have resulted in a decrease in availability of corporate credit, capital and liquidity and have led indirectly to the insolvency, closure or acquisition of a number of financial institutions. These conditions have also contributed to consolidation within the financial industry. In addition, the global financial industry has been materially and adversely affected by a significant decline in the value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and by the sovereign debt crisis. The prospects of many financial companies are questionable and continue to evolve as financial companies revise their outlooks and write down assets that they hold.
Most financial companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which limits their activities and may affect their ability to earn a profit from a given line of business. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financial sector, including effects not intended by the regulation. Direct governmental intervention in the operations of financial companies and financial markets may materially and adversely affect the companies in which a Fund invests, including legislation in many countries that may increase government regulation, repatriation and other intervention. The impact of governmental intervention and legislative changes on any individual financial company or on the financial sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The valuation of financial companies has been
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and continues to be subject to unprecedented volatility and may be influenced by unpredictable factors, including interest rate risk and sovereign debt default. Certain financial businesses are subject to intense competitive pressures, including market share and price competition. Financial companies in foreign countries are subject to market specific and general regulatory and interest rate concerns. In particular, government regulation in certain foreign countries may include taxes and controls on interest rates, credit availability, minimum capital requirements, ban on short sales, prices and currency transfers.
The profitability of banks, savings and loan associations and financial companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. In addition, general economic conditions are important to the operations of these concerns, with exposure to credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers having an adverse effect on the profitability of financial companies. Financial companies can be highly dependent upon access to capital markets and any impediments to such access, such as adverse overall economic conditions or a negative perception in the capital markets of a financial company’s financial condition or prospects, could adversely affect its business.
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector.  Companies in the healthcare sector are often issuers whose profitability may be affected by extensive government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising or falling costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure, an increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and other market developments. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection and the actual or perceived safety and efficiency of their products. The expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Many healthcare companies are subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the healthcare sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly, and may diminish the opportunity for a company to profit from a new product or to bring a new product to market. Many healthcare-related companies are relatively small and unseasoned. Healthcare companies may also be strongly affected by scientific bio-technology or technological developments and their products may quickly become obsolete. Also, many healthcare companies offer products and services that are subject to governmental regulation and may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies or laws. The impact of recent legislation passed by the U.S. government and other legislation introduced or considered by other governments on any individual healthcare company or on the healthcare sector as a whole cannot be predicted. These laws and proposals span a wide range of topics, including cost control, national health insurance, incentives for compensation in the provision of healthcare services, tax incentives and penalties related to healthcare insurance premiums, and promotion of prepaid healthcare plans. No one can predict what proposals will be enacted or what potentially adverse effect they may have on healthcare-related or biotechnology-related companies.
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector.  The value of securities issued by companies in the industrials sector may be affected by supply and demand both for their specific product or service and for industrials sector products in general. The products of manufacturing companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Government regulations, world events and economic conditions affect the performance of companies in the industrials sector. Companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by liability for environmental damage, product liability claims and exchange rates. The industrials sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced by unpredictable factors.
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector.  Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Like other technology companies, information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector.  Companies in the materials sector may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, technical progress, labor relations and government regulations, among other factors. Also, companies in the materials sector are at risk of liability for environmental damage and product liability claims. Production of materials may exceed demand as a result of market imbalances or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns.
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Risk of Investing in the Oil and Gas Sector.  Companies in the oil and gas sector are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, oil and gas supply and demand, government regulations and policies, oil and gas production and conservation efforts and technological change. Prices and supplies of oil and gas may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to national and international political changes, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economies of key energy-consuming countries. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in energy consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector.
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector.  Technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Companies in the technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. The technology sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced or characterized by unpredictable factors.
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector.  The telecommunications sector of an economy is often subject to extensive government regulation. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failure to receive required regulatory approvals, or the enactment of new adverse regulatory requirements may negatively affect the business of the telecommunications companies. Government actions around the world, specifically in the area of pre-marketing clearance of products and prices, can be arbitrary and unpredictable. Companies in the telecommunications sector may encounter distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in formulating new products and services using new technology. Technological innovations may make the products and services of telecommunications companies obsolete.
Risk of Investing in the Transportation Sector.  Municipal securities include, among others, bonds payable from fuel taxes and tolls for municipal toll roads, as well as general airport bonds. Issuers in the transportation sector can be significantly affected by economic changes, fuel prices, labor relations, and insurance costs. Municipal securities that are issued to finance a particular transportation project often depend on revenues from that project to make principal and interest payments. Adverse conditions and developments affecting a particular project can result in lower revenues to the issuer of the municipal securities. Other risk factors that may affect the transportation sector include the risk of increases in fuel and other operating costs and the effects of regulatory changes or other government decisions.
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector.  Certain municipal securities are issued by public bodies, including state and municipal utility authorities, to, among other things, finance the operation or expansion of utility entities. Various future economic and other conditions may adversely affect utility entities, including inflation, increases in financing requirements, increases in raw material costs and other operating costs, changes in demand for services and the effects of environmental and other governmental regulations. Municipal securities that are issued to finance a particular utility project often depend on revenues from that project to make principal and interest payments. Adverse conditions and developments affecting a particular utility project can result in lower revenues to the issuer of the municipal securities. Certain utilities are subject to specific risks. Gas utilities are subject to risks of supply conditions and increased competition from other providers of utility services. In addition, gas utilities are affected by gas prices, which may be magnified to the extent that a gas utility enters into long-term contracts for the purchase or sale of gas at a fixed price, since such prices may change significantly and to the disadvantage of the gas utility.
Proxy Voting Policy
The Trust has adopted, as its proxy voting policies for each Fund, the proxy voting guidelines of BFA, the investment adviser to each Fund. The Trust has delegated to BFA the responsibility for voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by each Fund. The remainder of this section discusses each Fund’s proxy voting guidelines and BFA’s role in implementing such guidelines.
BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies for each Fund in a manner that BFA, in the exercise of its independent business judgment, concludes is in the best economic interests of such Fund. In some cases, BFA may determine that it is in the best
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economic interests of a Fund to refrain from exercising the Fund’s proxy voting rights (such as, for example, proxies on certain non-U.S. securities that might impose costly or time-consuming in-person voting requirements). With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, BFA’s approach is also driven by each Fund's economic interests. The evaluation of the economic desirability of recalling loans involves balancing the revenue-producing value of loans against the likely economic value of casting votes. Based on our evaluation of this relationship, we believe that the likely economic value of casting a vote generally is less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by BFA recalling loaned securities in order to ensure they are voted. Periodically, BFA analyzes the process and benefits of voting proxies for securities on loan, and will consider whether any modification of its proxy voting policies or procedures are necessary in light of any regulatory changes. BFA will normally vote on specific proxy issues in accordance with its proxy voting guidelines. BFA’s proxy voting guidelines provide detailed guidance as to how to vote proxies on certain important or commonly raised issues. BFA may, in the exercise of its business judgment, conclude that the proxy voting guidelines do not cover the specific matter upon which a proxy vote is requested, or that an exception to the proxy voting guidelines would be in the best economic interests of a Fund. BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of such issuer) to a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates, or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates. When voting proxies, BFA attempts to encourage issuers to follow practices that enhance shareholder value and increase transparency and allow the market to place a proper value on their assets. With respect to certain specific issues:
Each Fund generally supports the board’s nominees in the election of directors and generally supports proposals that strengthen the independence of boards of directors;
Each Fund generally does not support proposals on social issues that lack a demonstrable economic benefit to the issuer and the Fund investing in such issuer; and
Each Fund generally votes against anti-takeover proposals and proposals that would create additional barriers or costs to corporate transactions that are likely to deliver a premium to shareholders.
BFA maintains institutional policies and procedures that are designed to prevent any relationship between the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of the issuer) and a Fund, a Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates (if any) or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates, from having undue influence on BFA’s proxy voting activity. In certain instances, BFA may determine to engage an independent fiduciary to vote proxies as a further safeguard against potential conflicts of interest or as otherwise required by applicable law. The independent fiduciary may either vote such proxies or provide BFA with instructions as to how to vote such proxies. In the latter case, BFA votes the proxy in accordance with the independent fiduciary’s determination.
Information with respect to how BFA voted proxies relating to the Funds' portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30 is available: (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or through the Funds' website at www.iShares.com; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio holdings information that requires that such information be disclosed in a manner that: (i) is consistent with applicable legal requirements and in the best interests of each Fund’s respective shareholders; (ii) does not put the interests of BFA, the Distributor or any affiliated person of BFA or the Distributor, above those of Fund shareholders; (iii) does not advantage any current or prospective Fund shareholders over any other current or prospective Fund shareholders, except to the extent that certain Entities (as described below) may receive portfolio holdings information not available to other current or prospective Fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units, as discussed below; and (iv) does not provide selective access to portfolio holdings information except pursuant to the procedures outlined below and to the extent appropriate confidentiality arrangements limiting the use of such information are in effect. The “Entities” referred to in sub-section (iii) above are generally limited to National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) members, subscribers to various fee-based subscription services, large institutional investors (known as “Authorized Participants”) that have been authorized by the Distributor to purchase and redeem large blocks of shares pursuant to legal requirements and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information services.
Each business day, each Fund's portfolio holdings information is provided to the Distributor or other agent for dissemination through the facilities of the NSCC and/or other fee-based subscription services to NSCC members and/or subscribers to
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those other fee-based subscription services, including Authorized Participants, and to entities that publish and/or analyze such information in connection with the process of purchasing or redeeming Creation Units or trading shares of the Funds in the secondary market. This information typically reflects each Fund’s anticipated holdings on the following business day.
Daily access to information concerning the Funds' portfolio holdings is permitted (i) to certain personnel of those service providers that are involved in portfolio management and providing administrative, operational, risk management, or other support to portfolio management, including affiliated broker-dealers and Authorized Participants; and (ii) to other personnel of the Funds' investment adviser and the Distributor, administrator, custodian and fund accountant who deal directly with or assist in, functions related to investment management, distribution, administration, custody and fund accounting, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with agreements with the Funds and the terms of the Funds' current registration statements. In addition, each Fund discloses its portfolio holdings and the percentages they represent of the Fund's net assets at least monthly, and as often as each day the Fund is open for business, at www.iShares.com. More information about this disclosure is available at www.iShares.com.
Portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds in the ordinary course of business after it has been disseminated to the NSCC. From time to time, information concerning portfolio holdings other than portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Funds, including rating or ranking organizations, in the ordinary course of business, no earlier than one business day following the date of the information.
Each Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings schedule in public filings with the SEC within 70 days after the end of each fiscal quarter and will provide that information to shareholders as required by federal securities laws and regulations thereunder. A Fund may, however, voluntarily disclose all or part of its portfolio holdings other than in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, in advance of required filings with the SEC, provided that such information is made generally available to all shareholders and other interested parties in a manner that is consistent with the above policy for disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Such information may be made available through a publicly-available website or other means that make the information available to all likely interested parties contemporaneously.
The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information pursuant to the above policy and procedures.
The Board reviews the policy and procedures for disclosure of portfolio holdings information at least annually.
Construction and Maintenance Standards for the Underlying Indexes
Each Treasury Fund invests substantially all of its assets in securities in one of the following indexes: the Barclays U.S. 1-3 Year Treasury Bond Index, the Barclays U.S. 3-7 Year Treasury Bond Index, the Barclays U.S. 7-10 Year Treasury Bond Index, the Barclays U.S. 10-20 Year Treasury Bond Index, the Barclays U.S. 20+ Year Treasury Bond Index or the Barclays U.S. Short Treasury Bond Index. Each Credit Bond Fund, including the iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF, invests substantially all of its assets in one of the following indexes: the Barclays U.S. 1-3 Year Credit Bond Index, the Barclays U.S. Intermediate Credit Bond Index, the Barclays U.S. Credit Bond Index or the BofA Merrill Lynch 10+ Year US Corporate & Yankees IndexSM. Each Government/Credit Bond Fund, including the iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF, invests substantially all of its assets in one of the following indexes: the Barclays U.S. Intermediate Government/Credit Bond Index, the Barclays U.S. Government/Credit Bond Index or the Barclays US Universal 10+ Year Index. Each Municipal Bond Fund, including the iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF, invests substantially all of its assets in one of the following indexes: the S&P California AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM, the S&P National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM, the S&P New York AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM or the S&P Short Term National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM. The iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index. The iShares MBS ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. MBS Index. The iShares Agency Bond ETF invests substantially all of its assets in securities represented in the Barclays U.S. Agency Bond Index. The iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF and the iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF invest
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substantially all of their assets in securities represented in the Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid High Yield Index and the Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid Investment Grade Index, respectively.
Brief descriptions of the Funds’ respective Underlying Indexes are provided below.
The BofA Merrill Lynch Index
The BofA Merrill Lynch 10+ Year US Corporate & Yankees IndexSM
Number of Components: approximately 1,550
Index Description. The BofA Merrill Lynch 10+ Year US Corporate & Yankees IndexSM is a broad, market-value weighted, total rate of return index designed to measure the performance of the long-term, investment-grade U.S. corporate and Yankee bond markets. The Underlying Index securities include debt issued publicly by U.S. corporations and U.S. dollar-denominated, publicly issued debt of non-U.S. corporations, foreign government debt and supranational debt.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index is a total return index, which means that it includes both price appreciation and interest income received or accrued. The weight of each index constituent is based on its market value (including accrued interest) relative to the total market value of all securities within the Underlying Index as of the rebalancing day, which occurs on the last calendar day of each month. Rebalancing day market value is equal to the security’s outstanding face value multiplied by its price plus accrued interest. Accrued interest is calculated assuming next calendar day settlement. Cash flows from bond payments received during the month are retained in the index until the end of the month; however, cash is not reinvested while it is held in the Underlying Index.
Component Selection Criteria. Securities eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index include foreign government debt, supranational debt and debt issued by U.S. and non-U.S. corporations. In order to be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index a security must meet the following requirements:
Be denominated in U.S. dollars;
Be of an issue with an outstanding face value of at least $250 million;
Have at least ten years remaining term to a fixed final maturity (perpetual securities that are callable meet this requirement provided at least ten years remain before the first call date);
Have a fixed coupon schedule (callable fixed-to-floating rate securities that are callable within the fixed coupon period meet this requirement provided at least ten years remain to the last call date before it transitions to an adjustable rate coupon); and
Have an investment-grade rating based on an average of Moody’s, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services and Fitch.
Original issue discount zero coupon securities, “global” securities (debt issued simultaneously in the Eurobond and domestic bond markets), Rule 144A securities, corporate pay-in-kind securities and toggle notes (notes whose interest payments may be made in cash or in kind) qualify for inclusion in the Underlying Index. Tax-exempt U.S. municipal, dividends-received deduction (DRD)-eligible and defaulted securities are excluded from the Underlying Index.
Index Maintenance. The Underlying Index is rebalanced on the last calendar day of each month, based on information available up to and including the third business day before the last business day of the month. Issues that meet the qualifying criteria are included in the Underlying Index for the following month. Issues that no longer meet the criteria during the course of the month remain in the Underlying Index until the next month-end rebalancing, at which point they are dropped from the Underlying Index, along with all bond payments received during the month. Changes to the Underlying Index to be implemented during the month end rebalancing are announced by the second business day prior to the last business day of the month. The announced Underlying Index holdings may be subject to revisions prior to the month end rebalancing due to data corrections.
Pricing/Base Currency. The Underlying Index is compiled and published on all global business days, defined as any day that WM Company publishes its closing spot rates. In addition, the Underlying Index is always compiled and published on the last calendar day of the month, including those calendar month-end dates that fall on weekends and global holidays. The securities in the Underlying Index must be denominated in U.S. dollars.
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The Barclays Indexes
The Barclays Indexes are maintained by Barclays Capital Inc. or its affiliates (“Barclays”), which is affiliated with, but a separate legal entity from, BFA. BFA will have no role in maintaining the Underlying Indexes.
Barclays U.S. 1-3 Year Credit Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 976
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. 1-3 Year Credit Bond Index measures the performance of investment-grade corporate debt and sovereign, supranational, local authority and non-U.S. agency bonds that are U.S. dollar-denominated and have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to one year and less than three years.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes investment-grade U.S. credit securities that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to one year and less than three years and have more than $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are structured notes with embedded swaps or other special features, private placements, floating rate securities and Eurobonds. The Underlying Index is market capitalization weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month.
Barclays U.S. 1-3 Year Treasury Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 71
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. 1-3 Year Treasury Bond Index measures the performance of public obligations of the U.S. Treasury that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to one year and less than three years.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes all publicly-issued, U.S. Treasury securities that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to one year and less than three years, are rated investment-grade (must be Baa3/BBB- or higher using the middle rating of Moody’s, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, and Fitch), and have $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are certain special issues, such as targeted investor notes (“TINs”), state and local government series bonds (“SLGs”), and coupon issues that have been stripped from bonds included in the Underlying Index. The Underlying Index is market capitalization weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month.
Barclays U.S. 3-7 Year Treasury Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 95
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. 3-7 Year Treasury Bond Index measures the performance of public obligations of the U.S. Treasury that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to three years and less than seven years.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes all publicly-issued U.S. Treasury securities that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to three years and less than seven years and have $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are certain special issues, such as TINs, and SLGs, and coupon issues that have been stripped from assets that are already included in the Underlying Index. The Underlying Index is market capitalization weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month.
Barclays U.S. 7-10 Year Treasury Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 21
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. 7-10 Year Treasury Bond Index measures the performance of public obligations of the U.S. Treasury that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to seven years and less than ten years.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes all publicly-issued, U.S. Treasury securities that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to seven years and less than ten years, are rated investment-grade (must be Baa3/BBB- or higher using the middle rating of Moody’s, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, and Fitch), and have $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are certain special issues, such as TINs, SLGs, and coupon issues that have
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been stripped from bonds included in the Underlying Index. The Underlying Index is market capitalization weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month.
Barclays U.S. 10-20 Year Treasury Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 17
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. 10-20 Year Treasury Bond Index measures the performance of public obligations of the U.S. Treasury that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to ten years and less than 20 years.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes all publicly-issued, U.S. Treasury securities that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to ten years and less than 20 years and have $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are certain special issues, such as TINs, SLGs, and coupon issues that have been stripped from assets that are already included in the Underlying Index. The Underlying Index is market capitalization weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month.
Barclays U.S. 20+ Year Treasury Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 21
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. 20+ Year Treasury Bond Index measures the performance of public obligations of the U.S. Treasury that have a remaining maturity of 20 or more years.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes all publicly-issued, U.S. Treasury securities that have a remaining maturity of 20 or more years, are rated investment-grade (must be Baa3/BBB- or higher using the middle rating of Moody’s, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, and Fitch), and have $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are certain special issues, such as TINs, SLGs, and coupon issues that have been stripped from bonds included in the Underlying Index. The Underlying Index is market capitalization weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month.
Barclays U.S. Agency Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 777
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Agency Bond Index measures the performance of the agency sector of the U.S. government bond market and is comprised of investment-grade U.S. dollar-denominated bonds or debentures issued by government and government-related agencies, including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Underlying Index includes both callable and non-callable securities that are publicly issued by U.S. government agencies and quasi-federal corporations (as described under Index Methodology below), and corporate or foreign debt guaranteed by the U.S. government. In addition, the securities in the Underlying Index must be fixed-rate and non-convertible and have $250 million or more of outstanding face value. As of December 31, 2012, the largest issues within the Underlying Index were Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and FHLB, with a composite market value weight in the Underlying Index of approximately 38.18%, 34.96% and 16.51% respectively.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index measures the performance of both callable and non-callable U.S. dollar-denominated government agency debentures, including securities of the following categories:
government guaranteed securities: issuances that carry direct guarantees from the U.S. federal government;
government owned, not guaranteed, securities (“quasi-federal corporations”): issuances of entities that are partially or wholly owned by the U.S. government but carry no explicit guarantee of repayment; and
government sponsored securities: issuances of entities that carry out government policies and benefit from implied involvement of central governments, such as by benefiting from certain government subsidies, credit provisions, or other government support.
The Underlying Index is market value weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month.
The Underlying Index represents the U.S. Agency portion of the Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index, whose eligible universe is defined by total market issuance, meeting the selection criteria mentioned above.
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Index Maintenance. The Underlying Index constituents are reset on the last business day of each month and remain static throughout the month. The universe of Underlying Index constituents adjust for securities that become ineligible for inclusion in an Underlying Index during the month (e.g., because of downgrades or called bonds) or for issues that are newly eligible (e.g., up-grades or newly issued bonds) on the last business day of each month. The Barclays Indexes are valued using end of day bid side prices, as marked by Barclays. Intra-month cash flows contribute to monthly returns, but they are not reinvested during the month and do not earn a reinvestment return. Total returns are calculated based on the sum of price changes, gain/loss on repayments of principal, and coupon received or accrued, expressed as a percentage of beginning market value. The Barclays Indexes are calculated once a day and are available from major data vendors.
Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 8,079
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index represents the securities of the total U.S. investment-grade bond market.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index provides a measure of the performance of the U.S. investment-grade bond market, which includes investment-grade (must be Baa3/BBB- or higher using the middle rating of Moody’s, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, and Fitch) U.S. Treasury bonds, government-related bonds, investment-grade corporate bonds, mortgage pass-through securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities that are publicly offered for sale in the United States. The securities in the Underlying Index must have $250 million or more of outstanding face value and must have at least one year remaining to maturity, with the exception of amortizing securities such as asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities, which have lower minimum thresholds as defined by the index provider. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate, non-convertible, and taxable. Certain types of securities, such as SLGs, are excluded from the Underlying Index. Also excluded from the Underlying Index are structured notes with embedded swaps or other special features, private placements, floating rate securities and Eurobonds. The Underlying Index is market capitalization weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month
Barclays U.S. Credit Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 5,165
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Credit Bond Index measures the performance of investment-grade corporate debt and sovereign, supranational, local authority and non-U.S. agency bonds that are U.S. dollar-denominated and have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to one year.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes investment-grade U.S. credit securities that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to one year and have more than $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are structured notes with embedded swaps or other special features, private placements, floating rate securities and Eurobonds. The Underlying Index is market capitalization weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month.
Barclays U.S. Government/Credit Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 6,168
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Government/Credit Bond Index measures the performance of U.S. dollar-denominated U.S. Treasury bonds, government-related bonds (i.e., U.S. and foreign agencies, sovereign, supranational and local authority debt), and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to one year.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes U.S. government and investment-grade U.S. credit securities that have greater than or equal to one year remaining to maturity and have more than $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are certain special issues, such as TINs, SLGs, and coupon issues that have been stripped from assets that are already included in the Underlying Index. Also excluded from the Underlying Index are structured notes with embedded swaps or other special features, private placements, floating rate securities and Eurobonds. The Underlying Index is market capitalization weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month.
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Barclays U.S. Intermediate Credit Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 3,569
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Intermediate Credit Bond Index measures the performance of investment-grade corporate debt and sovereign, supranational, local authority and non-U.S. agency bonds that are U.S. dollar-denominated and have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to one year and less than ten years.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes investment-grade U.S. credit securities that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to one year and less than ten years and have more than $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are structured notes with embedded swaps or other special features, private placements, floating rate securities and Eurobonds. The Underlying Index is market capitalization weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month.
Barclays U.S. Intermediate Government/Credit Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 4,480
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Intermediate Government/Credit Bond Index measures the performance of U.S. dollar-denominated U.S. Treasury bonds, government-related bonds (i.e., U.S. and foreign agencies, sovereign, supranational and local authority debt), and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds that have a remaining maturity of greater than or equal to one year and less than ten years.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes U.S. government and investment-grade U.S. credit securities that have greater than or equal to one year and less than ten years remaining to maturity and have more than $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are certain special issues, such as TINs, SLGs, and coupon issues that have been stripped from assets that are already included in the Underlying Index. Also excluded from the Underlying Index are structured notes with embedded swaps or other special features, private placements, floating rate securities and Eurobonds. The Underlying Index is market capitalization weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month.
Barclays U.S. MBS Index
Number of Components: approximately 787
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. MBS Index measures the performance of investment-grade mortgage-backed pass-through securities of Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac. As of December 31, 2012, there were 787 issues in the Underlying Index.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes fixed-rate securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Fannie Mae that have 30-, 20-, 15-year maturities, as well as hybrid ARMs. All securities in the Underlying Index must have a remaining weighted average maturity of at least one year; hybrid ARMs must be at least one year away from initial reset, must be investment-grade, and must have $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be non-convertible. The Underlying Index is market capitalization weighted, and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month.
Barclays U.S. Short Treasury Bond Index
Number of Components: approximately 64
Index Description. The Barclays U.S. Short Treasury Bond Index measures the performance of public obligations of the U.S. Treasury that have a remaining maturity of between one and 12 months.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes all publicly-issued, U.S. Treasury securities that have a remaining maturity of between one and 12 months, and have more than $250 million or more of outstanding face value. In addition, the securities must be denominated in U.S. dollars and must be fixed-rate and non-convertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are certain special issues, such as TINs, SLGs, and coupon issues that have been stripped from assets that are already included in the Underlying Index. The Underlying Index is market capitalization weighted and the securities in the Underlying Index are updated on the last business day of each month.
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Barclays US Universal 10+ Year Index
Number of Components: approximately 2,305 (as of 4/30/14)
Index Description. The Barclays US Universal 10+ Year Index measures the performance of U.S. dollar-denominated taxable bonds that are rated either investment-grade or high yield with remaining maturities greater than ten years.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index includes U.S. Treasury bonds, government-related bonds (i.e., U.S. and non-U.S. agencies, sovereign, quasi-sovereign, supranational and local authority debt), investment-grade and high yield U.S. corporate bonds, Eurodollar bonds, bonds registered with the SEC or exempt from registration at the time of issuance, or offered pursuant to Rule 144A with or without registration rights (“Rule 144A Bonds”) and U.S. dollar-denominated emerging market bonds. The Underlying Index is a subset of the Barclays U.S. Universal Index. The securities in the Underlying Index have at least 10 years remaining to maturity, or at least 10 years remaining to the first call date in the case of callable perpetual securities. In addition, the securities in the Underlying Index must be denominated in U.S. dollars and be nonconvertible. Excluded from the Underlying Index are tax-exempt municipal securities, coupon issues that have been stripped from bonds, structured notes, private placements (excluding Rule 144A Bonds) and bonds denominated in euros. The Underlying Index is market-capitalization weighted and is rebalanced on the last day of the month.
The investment-grade securities in the Underlying Index have $250 million or more par amount outstanding and the high yield securities have $150 million or more par amount outstanding. The U.S. dollar-denominated emerging market bonds in the Underlying Index have $500 million or more at the security level and corporate issuers have $1 billion or more in outstanding debt. The SEC Rule 144A issues in the Underlying Index have $250 million or more par amount outstanding.
The Markit iBoxx Indexes
Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid High Yield Index
Number of Components: approximately 791
Index Description. The Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid High Yield Index measures the performance of the liquid high yield corporate bond market. As of December 31, 2012, the Underlying Index is a rules-based index consisting of approximately 791 liquid high yield, U.S. dollar-denominated corporate bonds that seeks to maximize liquidity while maintaining representation of the broader corporate bond market.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index is a subset of a broader high yield universe of sub- investment-grade bonds. Bonds in the Underlying Index are selected from the universe of eligible bonds using defined rules. The bonds eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index include U.S. dollar-denominated corporate bonds that: (i) are issued by companies domiciled in the countries classified as developed markets by the index provider; (ii) are rated sub- investment-grade by Fitch, Moody's or Standard & Poor's Ratings Services; (iii) are from issuers with at least $1 billion of outstanding face value (iv) are bond issues with at least $400 million of outstanding face value; (v) have an original maturity date of less than 15 years; and; (vi) have at least one year remaining to maturity.
Component Selection Criteria. Eligible bonds are chosen by applying the eligibility rules listed above. The Underlying Index is a modified market value weighted index with a cap on each issuer at 3%. There is no maximum number of bond issues per issuer eligible, but to avoid an over-concentration in any single-issuer, the methodology caps single-issuer exposure to no more than 3% of the index weight, calculated on the last business day of each month. The Underlying Index is updated monthly on the last business day of each month.
Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid Investment Grade Index
Number of Components: approximately 1,085
Index Description. The Markit iBoxx® USD Liquid Investment Grade Index measures the performance as of December 31, 2012, of approximately 1,085 highly liquid investment-grade corporate bonds. The Underlying Index is a rules-based index consisting of highly liquid, investment-grade, U.S. dollar-denominated corporate bonds that seeks to maximize liquidity while maintaining representation of the broader corporate bond market.
Index Methodology. The Underlying Index is a subset of the Markit iBoxx USD Corporate Bond Index, an index of over 3,608 investment-grade bonds. Bonds in the Underlying Index are selected from the universe of eligible bonds in the Markit iBoxx USD Corporate Bond Index using defined rules. Currently, the bonds eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index include U.S.
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dollar-denominated corporate bonds that: (i) are issued by companies domiciled in the countries classified as developed markets by the index provider; (ii) are rated investment-grade by Fitch, Moody’s, or Standard & Poor's Ratings Services; (iii) are from issuers with at least $2 billion outstanding face value; (iv) have at least $750 million of outstanding face value; and (v) have at least three years to maturity.
Component Selection Criteria. Eligible bonds are chosen by applying the eligibility rules listed above. The Underlying Index is a modified market value weighted index with a cap on each issuer at 3%. The number of bonds in the Underlying Index may change and there is no constraint on the number of index constituents. There is no maximum number of bond issues per issuer eligible, but to avoid an over-concentration in any single-issuer, the methodology caps single-issuer exposure to no more than 3% of the index weight, calculated on the last business day of each month. The Underlying Index is updated monthly on the last business day of each month.
The composition of the Underlying Index is held constant for any given calendar month to ensure continuity during the month and to avoid jumps unrelated to the price movements of the bonds. The inclusion and exclusion criteria above are applied at month-end, after the close of business. Bonds that were in the Underlying Index, but that no longer satisfy all the criteria at month-end, will be removed from the Underlying Index. If a bond becomes eligible in the middle of the month, it will still need to pass the test at the end of the month, and can be included only upon rebalancing at month-end. When a bond is called, it remains in the Underlying Index at its call price until the end of the month, after which it is removed. Changes in issue size that take place during the month are taken into consideration only at the next rebalancing date.
The methodologies of the iBoxx® indexes are owned by Markit Group and may be covered by one or more patents or pending patent applications.
The S&P Indexes
Issue Changes. General oversight responsibility for the S&P Indexes, including overall policy guidelines and methodology, is handled by an S&P Index Committee. Maintenance of component investments, including additions and deletions to these investments, is the responsibility of separate regional index committees composed of S&P index staff specialized in the various regional equity markets and, in some cases with the assistance of local stock exchanges. Public announcements of index changes as the result of committee decisions will generally be made two business days in advance of the anticipated effective date whenever possible, although for exceptional corporate events announcements may be made earlier.
Index Maintenance. Maintaining the S&P Indexes includes monitoring and completing the adjustments for company additions and deletions, share changes, stock splits, stock dividends, and stock price adjustments due to restructuring and spin-offs.
Index Availability. Most S&P Fixed-Income Indexes are calculated at the end of the business day. All S&P Indexes are available from major data vendors.
S&P California AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 1,720
Index Description. The S&P California AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM is a broad, comprehensive, market-value weighted index designed to measure the performance of the investment-grade California sector of the U.S. municipal bond market. As of December 31, 2012, the Underlying Index consisted of 1,720 bonds, with a total market value of $135.3 billion. The Underlying Index is a subset of the S&P National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM and represented approximately 21% of the weight of the S&P National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM as of December 31, 2012.
Index Methodology. To be included in the Underlying Index, bonds must meet all of the following criteria: (i) the bond issuer is from a California State or local government or agency whose interest payments are exempt from U.S. federal and California State income taxes and the federal AMT as determined by the Index Provider in accordance with its methodology; (ii) the bond must be denominated in U.S. dollars; (iii) the bond must have a rating of at least BBB- by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, Baa3 by Moody’s, or BBB- by Fitch. A bond must be rated by at least one of the three rating agencies in order to qualify for the Underlying Index. For the avoidance of doubt, the lowest rating will be used in determining if a bond is investment-grade; (iv) each bond in the Underlying Index must be a constituent of an offering where the original offering amount was at least $100 million. The bond must have a minimum par amount of $25 million to be eligible for inclusion. To remain in the Underlying Index, bonds must maintain a minimum par amount greater than or equal to $25 million as of the
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next rebalancing date and must maintain a minimum Par Amount greater than or equal to $25 million as of seven days prior to last business day of each month (“Rebalancing Reference Date”); and (v) as of the last business day of each month (“Rebalancing Date”), the bond must have a minimum term to maturity and/or pre-refunded or call date greater than or equal to one calendar month. “Business Day” is defined as any day that U.S. municipal bonds are traded, as determined by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”) and/or the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Bonds that are completely called or tendered during the course of the month and bonds that are scheduled to be completely called or redeemed, during the course of the month following the Rebalancing Date, will be removed on the Rebalancing Date. At each monthly rebalancing, no one issuer can represent more than 25% of the weight of the Underlying Index; and individual issuers that represent at least 5% of the weight of the Underlying Index cannot account for more than 50% of the weight of the Underlying Index in aggregate. The following types of bonds are specifically excluded from the Underlying Index: commercial paper, derivative securities (inverse floaters, forwards, and swaps), housing bonds, non-rated bonds, notes, taxable municipals, tobacco bonds, and variable rate debt and certain conduit financed municipal securities.
Component Selection Criteria. Eligible bonds are approved by the S&P Index Committee who oversees the management of the Underlying Index and are added to the Underlying Index on the next Rebalancing Date, subject to the schedule of the monthly rebalancing procedures.
Index Maintenance. The Underlying Index is a market-value weighted index. Standard & Poor's pricing division, Securities Evaluations, reports the price of each bond in the index each day. The prices used in the index calculation will add the accrued interest for each bond to the price reported by Standard & Poor's. The total return is calculated by aggregating the interest return, reflecting the return due to paid and accrued interest, and principal return, reflecting the capital gains or losses due to changes in Standard & Poor's end-of-day price and principal repayments and the reinvestment return, reflecting the reinvestment of related cash flows. The Underlying Index is generally reviewed and rebalanced on a monthly basis. The S&P Index Committee, nevertheless, reserves the right to make adjustments to the Underlying Index at any time that it believes appropriate. Additions, deletions and other changes to the Underlying Index arising from the monthly rebalancing are published three business days prior to the last business day of the month (the “Announcement Date”). Publicly available information, up to and including the close on the sixth Business Day preceding the Rebalancing Date, is considered in the rebalancing. Underlying Index changes published in the announcement will not normally be subject to revision and will become effective after the close. However, credit rating changes that occur on a business day prior to the Rebalancing Date will be reflected in the rebalancing, where such changes would cause any one of the following: (i) deletion of an index bond because it no longer meets the eligibility criteria; (ii) removal of a bond from the additions list because it is no longer an eligible bond; or (iii) removal of an index bond from the deletions list because it is once again eligible. Users will be notified of any ratings-driven changes to the rebalancing.
S&P National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 9,357
Index Description. The S&P National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM is a broad, comprehensive, market-value weighted index designed to measure the performance of the investment-grade U.S. municipal bond market. As of December 31, 2012, the Underlying Index consisted of 9,357 bonds, with a total market value of $630.6 billion.
Index Methodology. In order for a bond to be classified as eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index, a bond must meet all of the following criteria: (i) the bond issuer is a state or local government or agency such that interest on each bond is exempt from U.S. federal income taxes and the federal AMT as determined by the Index Provider in accordance with its methodology; (ii) the bond must be denominated in U.S. dollars; and (iii) the bond must have a rating of at least BBB- by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, Baa3 by Moody’s, or BBB- by Fitch. A bond must be rated by at least one of the three rating agencies in order to qualify for the index. For the avoidance of doubt, the lowest rating will be used in determining if a bond is investment-grade; (iv) each bond in the Underlying Index must be a constituent of an offering where the original offering amount was at least $100 million. The bond must have a minimum par amount of $25 million to be eligible for inclusion. To remain in the Underlying Index, bonds must maintain a minimum par amount greater than or equal to $25 million as of the next rebalancing date and must maintain a minimum Par Amount greater than or equal to $25 million as of seven days prior to last Business Day of each month (“Rebalancing Reference Date”); and (v) as of the last Business Day of each month (“Rebalancing Date”), the bond must have a minimum term to maturity and/or pre-refunded or call date greater than or equal to one calendar month. “Business Day” is defined as any day that U.S. municipal bonds are traded, as determined by the SIFMA and/or the NYSE. Bonds that are completely called or tendered during the course of the month and bonds that are scheduled to be completely called or redeemed, during the course of the month following the Rebalancing
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Date, will be removed on the Rebalancing Date. At each monthly rebalancing, no one issuer can represent more than 25% of the weight of the Underlying Index; and individual issuers that represent at least 5% of the weight of the Underlying Index cannot account for more than 50% of the weight of the Underlying Index in aggregate. The following types of bonds are specifically excluded from the Underlying Index: commercial paper, derivative securities (inverse floaters, forwards, and swaps), housing bonds, non-rated bonds, notes, taxable municipals, tobacco bonds, and variable rate debt and certain conduit financed municipal securities.
Component Selection Criteria. Eligible bonds are approved by the S&P Index Committee who oversees the management of the Underlying index and are added to the Underlying Index on the next Rebalancing Date, subject to the schedule of the monthly rebalancing procedures.
Index Maintenance. The Underlying Index is a market-value weighted index. Standard & Poor's pricing division, Securities Evaluations, reports the price of each bond in the index each day. The prices used in the index calculation will add the accrued interest for each bond to the price reported by Standard & Poor's. The total return is calculated by aggregating the interest return, reflecting the return due to paid and accrued interest, and principal return, reflecting the capital gains or losses due to changes in Standard & Poor's end-of-day price and principal repayments and the reinvestment return, reflecting the reinvestment of related cash flows. The Underlying Index is generally reviewed and rebalanced on a monthly basis. The S&P Index Committee, nevertheless, reserves the right to make adjustments to the Underlying Index at any time that it believes appropriate. Additions, deletions and other changes to the Underlying Index arising from the monthly rebalancing are published three Business Days prior to the last business day of the month (the “Announcement Date”). Publicly available information, up to and including the close on the sixth Business Day preceding the Rebalancing Date, is considered in the rebalancing. Underlying Index changes published in the announcement will not normally be subject to revision and will become effective after the close. However, credit rating changes that occur on a Business Day prior to the Rebalancing Date will be reflected in the rebalancing, where such changes would cause any one of the following: (i) deletion of an index bond because it no longer meets the eligibility criteria; (ii) removal of a bond from the additions list because it is no longer an eligible bond; (iii) removal of an index bond from the deletions list because it is once again eligible. Users will be notified of any ratings-driven changes to the rebalancing.
S&P New York AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 1,696
Index Description. The S&P New York AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM is a broad, comprehensive, market-value weighted index designed to measure the performance of the investment-grade New York sector of the U.S. municipal bond market. As of December 31, 2012, the Underlying Index consisted of 1,696 bonds, with a total market value of $115.6 billion. The Underlying Index is a subset of the S&P National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM and represented approximately 18% of the weight of the S&P National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM as of December 31, 2012.
Index Methodology. To be included in the Underlying Index, bonds must meet all of the following criteria: (i) the bond issuer is from New York State or a local government or agency whose interest payments are exempt from U.S. federal and New York state income taxes and the federal AMT, as determined by the Index Provider in accordance with its methodology; (ii) the bond must be denominated in U.S. dollars; (iii) the bond must have a rating of at least BBB- by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, Baa3 by Moody’s, or BBB- by Fitch. A bond must be rated by at least one of the three rating agencies in order to qualify for the index. For the avoidance of doubt, the lowest rating will be used in determining if a bond is investment-grade; (iv) each bond in the Underlying Index must be a constituent of an offering where the original offering amount was at least $100 million. The bond must have a minimum par amount of $25 million to be eligible for inclusion. To remain in the Underlying Index, bonds must maintain a minimum par amount greater than or equal to $25 million as of the next rebalancing date and must maintain a minimum Par Amount greater than or equal to $25 million as of seven days prior to last Business Day of each month (“Rebalancing Reference Date”); and (v) as of the last Business Day of each month (“Rebalancing Date”), the bond must have a minimum term to maturity and/or pre-refunded or call date greater than or equal to one calendar month. “Business Day” is defined as any day that U.S. municipal bonds are traded, as determined by the SIFMA and/or the NYSE. Bonds that are completely called or tendered during the course of the month and bonds that are scheduled to be completely called or redeemed, during the course of the month following the Rebalancing Date, will be removed on the Rebalancing Date. At each monthly rebalancing, no one issuer can represent more than 25% of the weight of the Underlying Index; and individual issuers that represent at least 5% of the weight of the Underlying Index cannot account for more than 50% of the weight of the Underlying Index in aggregate. The following types of bonds are specifically excluded
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from the Underlying Index: commercial paper, derivative securities (inverse floaters, forwards, and swaps), housing bonds, non-rated bonds, notes, taxable municipals, tobacco bonds, and variable rate debt and certain conduit financed municipal securities.
Component Selection Criteria. Eligible bonds are approved by the Standard & Poor’s Index Committee who oversees the management of the Underlying Index and are added to the Underlying Index on the next Rebalancing Date, subject to the schedule of the monthly rebalancing procedures.
Index Maintenance. The Underlying Index is a market-value weighted index. Standard & Poor's pricing division, Securities Evaluations, reports the price of each bond in the index each day. The prices used in the index calculation will add the accrued interest for each bond to the price reported by Standard & Poor's. The total return is calculated by aggregating the interest return, reflecting the return due to paid and accrued interest, and principal return, reflecting the capital gains or losses due to changes in Standard & Poor's end-of-day price and principal repayments and the reinvestment return, reflecting the reinvestment of related cash flows. The Underlying Index is generally reviewed and rebalanced on a monthly basis. The S&P Index Committee, nevertheless, reserves the right to make adjustments to the Underlying Index at any time that it believes appropriate. Additions, deletions and other changes to the Underlying Index arising from the monthly rebalancing are published three Business Days prior to the last business day of the month (the “Announcement Date”). Publicly available information, up to and including the close on the sixth Business Day preceding the Rebalancing Date, is considered in the rebalancing. Underlying Index changes published in the announcement will not normally be subject to revision and will become effective after the close. However, credit rating changes that occur on a Business Day prior to the Rebalancing Date will be reflected in the rebalancing, where such changes would cause any one of the following: (i) deletion of an index bond because it no longer meets the eligibility criteria; (ii) removal of a bond from the additions list because it is no longer an eligible bond; (iii) removal of an index bond from the deletions list because it is once again eligible. Users will be notified of any ratings-driven changes to the rebalancing.
S&P Short Term National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM
Number of Components: approximately 2,298
Index Description. The S&P Short Term National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM is a broad, comprehensive, market-value weighted index designed to measure the performance of the short-term investment-grade U.S. municipal bond market. As of December 31, 2012, the Underlying Index consisted of 2,298 issues, with a total market value of $133.3 billion. The Underlying Index is a subset of the S&P National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM and represented approximately 21% of the weight of the S&P National AMT-Free Municipal Bond IndexTM as of December 31, 2012.
Index Methodology. In order for a bond to be classified as eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index, a bond must meet all of the following criteria: (i) the bond issuer is a state or local government or agency such that interest on the bond is exempt from U.S. federal income taxes and the federal AMT, as determined by the Index Provider in accordance with its methodology; (ii) the bond must be denominated in U.S. dollars; (iii) the bond must have a rating of at least BBB- by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, Baa3 by Moody’s, or BBB- by Fitch. A bond must be rated by at least one of the three rating agencies in order to qualify for the Underlying Index. For the avoidance of doubt, the lowest rating will be used in determining if a bond is investment-grade; (iv) each bond in the index must be a constituent of an offering where the original offering amount was at least $100 million. The bond must have a minimum par amount of $25 million to be eligible for inclusion. To remain in the Underlying Index, a bond must maintain a minimum par amount greater than or equal to $25 million as of seven days prior to last Business Day of each month (“Rebalancing Reference Date”); and (v) as of the last Business Day of each month (“Rebalancing Date”), the bond must have a remaining term to maturity and/or pre-refunded or call date that is less than or equal to five years and greater than or equal to one calendar month. “Business Day” is defined as any day that U.S. municipal bonds are traded, as determined by SIFMA and/or NYSE. Bonds that are completely called or tendered during the course of the month and bonds that are scheduled to be completely called or redeemed, during the course of the month following the Rebalancing Date, will be removed on the Rebalancing Date. At each monthly rebalancing, no one issuer can represent more than 25% of the weight of the Underlying Index; and individual issuers that represent at least 5% of the weight of the Underlying Index cannot account for more than 50% of the weight of the Underlying Index in aggregate. The following types of bonds are specifically excluded from the Underlying Index: commercial paper, derivative securities (inverse floaters, forwards, and swaps), housing bonds, non-rated bonds, notes, taxable municipals, tobacco bonds, and variable rate debt and certain conduit financed municipal securities.
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Index Maintenance. The Underlying Index is a market-value weighted index. Standard & Poor's pricing division, Securities Evaluations, reports the price of each bond in the index each day. The prices used in the index calculation will add the accrued interest for each bond to the price reported by Standard & Poor's. The total return is calculated by aggregating the interest return, reflecting the return due to paid and accrued interest, and principal return, reflecting the capital gains or losses due to changes in Standard & Poor's end-of-day price and principal repayments and the reinvestment return, reflecting the reinvestment of related cash flows. The Underlying Index is generally reviewed and rebalanced on a monthly basis. The S&P Index Committee, nevertheless, reserves the right to make adjustments to the Underlying Index at any time that it believes appropriate. Additions, deletions and other changes to the Underlying Index arising from the monthly rebalancing are published three Business Days prior to the last business day of the month (the “Announcement Date”). Publicly available information, up to and including the close on the sixth Business Day preceding the Rebalancing Date, is considered in the rebalancing. Underlying Index changes published in the announcement will not normally be subject to revision and will become effective after the close. However, credit rating changes that occur on a Business Day prior to the Rebalancing Date will be reflected in the rebalancing, where such changes would cause any one of the following: (i) deletion of an index bond because it no longer meets the eligibility criteria; (ii) removal of a bond from the additions list because it is no longer an eligible bond; (iii) removal of an index bond from the deletions list because it is once again eligible. Users will be notified of any ratings-driven changes to the rebalancing.
Changes in Circumstances Affecting Index Use. If, in the future, a Fund’s Underlying Index is discontinued by its Index Provider or the Trustees determine that it would not be beneficial to shareholders for the Fund to continue operations using its Underlying Index, the Trustees may change the Underlying Index as described in the Investment Limitations section of this SAI or cause a Fund to effect a merger or reorganization with another Fund. To the extent permitted by law, such change or merger or reorganization may be effected without a vote of shareholders.
Investment Limitations
Each Fund has adopted its investment objective as a non-fundamental investment policy. Therefore, each Fund may change its investment objective and its Underlying Index without shareholder approval. The Board has adopted as fundamental policies the following numbered investment restrictions, which cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities. A vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a fund meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of outstanding voting securities.
The iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF, iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF, iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF, iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF and iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities; and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate, real estate mortgages, commodities or commodity contracts, but this restriction shall not
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  prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies). (Notwithstanding the foregoing, the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF may purchase or sell mortgage pass-through securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities and real estate mortgages.)
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
The iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF, iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF, iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF, iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF, iShares Agency Bond ETF, iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF, iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF, iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF, iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF, iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF, iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF, iShares MBS ETF, iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF, iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF, iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF and iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, and (ii) each Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), each Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as amended, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from investing in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or securities or other instruments backed by real estate or mortgages), or commodities or commodity contracts (but this restriction shall not prevent each Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including options on currencies to the extent consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that each Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies, set forth above, each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental policy not to invest in the securities of a company for the purpose of exercising management or control, or purchase or otherwise acquire any illiquid security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, which currently permits up to 15% of each Fund’s net assets to be invested in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment). Except with regard to investment limitation three above for all Funds, if any percentage restriction described above is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in values of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction.
BFA monitors the liquidity of restricted securities in each Fund’s portfolio. In reaching liquidity decisions, BFA considers the following factors:
The frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
The number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers;
Dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
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The nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace in which it trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer).
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy in accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities in the Fund's Underlying Index and in TBA transactions with respect to the percentage of the Underlying Index (if any) that consists of mortgage-pass through securities. Each of the iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF and iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF have adopted an additional non-fundamental policy under which the iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF and iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF, under normal circumstances, will invest, at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of U.S. issuers. Each Fund also has adopted a policy to provide its shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior written notice of any change in such policy. If, subsequent to an investment, an 80% requirement is no longer met, a Fund’s future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Fund into compliance with this policy.
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental limitation such that, under normal market conditions, any borrowings by the Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s net assets.
Each Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. As a matter of policy, however, a Fund will not purchase shares of any registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust, in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) (the “fund of funds” provisions) of the Investment Company Act, at any time the Fund has knowledge that its shares are purchased by another investment company investor in reliance on the provisions of subparagraph (G) of Section 12(d)(1).
Continuous Offering
The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Funds on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares and sells such shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.
Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(3) of the 1933 Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to shares of the Funds are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the 1933 Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the 1933 Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Listing Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Listing Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is available only with respect to transactions on an exchange.
Management
Trustees and Officers.  The Board has responsibility for the overall management and operations of the Trust, including general supervision of the duties performed by BFA and other service providers. Each Trustee serves until he or she resigns, is removed, dies, retires or becomes incapacitated. The President, Chief Compliance Officer, Treasurer and Secretary shall each
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hold office until their successors are chosen and qualify, and all other officers shall hold office until he or she resigns or is removed. Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust are referred to as independent trustees (“Independent Trustees”).
The registered investment companies advised by BFA or its affiliates are organized into one complex of closed-end funds, two complexes of open-end funds and one complex of exchange-traded funds (“Exchange-Traded Fund Complex”) (each, a “BlackRock Fund Complex”). Each Fund is included in the BlackRock Fund Complex referred to as the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. Each Trustee also serves as a Director of iShares, Inc., a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and, as a result, oversees a total of 292 funds within the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. With the exception of Robert S. Kapito, the address of each Trustee and officer is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. The address of Mr. Kapito is c/o BlackRock, Inc., Park Avenue Plaza, 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055. The Board has designated Robert H. Silver as its Independent Chairman. Additional information about the Funds' Trustees and officers may be found in this SAI, which is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737).
Interested Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert S. Kapito1
(56)
  Trustee
(since 2009).
  President and Director, BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006); Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc. and Head of BlackRock’s Portfolio Management Group (since its formation in 1998) and BlackRock’s predecessor entities (since 1988); Trustee, University of Pennsylvania (since 2009); President of Board of Directors, Hope & Heroes Children’s Cancer Fund (since 2002); President of the Board of Directors, Periwinkle Theatre for Youth (since 1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2009); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of BlackRock, Inc. (since 2007).
Michael Latham2
(47)
  Trustee
(since 2010);
President
(since 2007).
  Chairman of iShares, BlackRock (since 2011); Global Chief Executive Officer of iShares, BlackRock (2010-2011); Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Americas iShares, Barclays Global Investors (“BGI”) (2007-2009); Director and Chief Financial Officer of Barclays Global Investors International, Inc. (2005-2009); Chief Operating Officer of the Intermediary Investor and Exchange-Traded Products Business of BGI (2003-2007).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2010); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).

1 Robert S. Kapito is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc.
2 Michael Latham is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates.
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Independent Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert H. Silver
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2007); Independent Chairman
(since 2012).
  President and Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group, Inc. (since 2006); Director and Vice Chairman of the YMCA of Greater NYC (2001-2011); Broadway Producer (2006-2011); Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. (since 2008); Director and Member of the Audit and Compensation Committee of EPAM Systems, Inc. (2006-2009); President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.) (2003-2005) and various executive positions with UBS and its affiliates (1988-2005); CPA and Audit Manager of KPMG, LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) (1977-1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2007); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Independent Chairman of iShares, Inc., iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2012).
George G.C. Parker
(74)
  Trustee
(since 2000).
  Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (Professor since 1973; Emeritus since 2006).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2002); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Tejon Ranch Company (since 1999); Director of Threshold Pharmaceuticals (since 2004); Director of Colony Financial, Inc. (since 2009); Director of First Republic Bank (since 2010).
John E. Martinez
(52)
  Trustee
(since 2003);
Securities Lending Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.) (since 2005).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2003); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Cecilia H. Herbert
(64)
  Trustee
(since 2005); Nominating and Governance Committee Chair and Equity Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director (since 1998) and President (2007-2011) of the Board of Directors, Catholic Charities CYO; Trustee (2002-2011) and Chair of the Finance and Investment Committee (2006-2010) the Thacher School; Member (since 1994) and Chair (1994-2005) of the Investment Committee, Archdiocese of San Francisco; Trustee and Member of the Investment Committee, WNET, the New York public broadcasting company (since 2011).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Forward Funds (34 portfolios) (since 2009).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Charles A. Hurty
(69)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Audit Committee Chair
(since 2006).
  Retired; Partner, KPMG LLP (1968-2001).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund (1 portfolio) (since 2002); Director of SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (2 portfolios) (since 2002).
John E. Kerrigan
(57)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Fixed Income Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University (since 2002).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Madhav V. Rajan
(48)
  Trustee
(since 2011);
15(c) Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting and Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Head of MBA Program, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (since 2001); Professor of Law (by courtesy), Stanford Law School (since 2005); Visiting Professor, University of Chicago (2007-2008).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2011);
Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2011); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Officers
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Jack Gee
(53)
  Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(since 2008).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Senior Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2009); Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2004-2009).
Eilleen M. Clavere (61)   Secretary
(since 2007).
  Director of Global Fund Administration, BlackRock (since 2009); Director of Legal Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2006-2009); Legal Counsel and Vice President of Atlas Funds, Atlas Advisers, Inc. and Atlas Securities, Inc. (2005-2006); Counsel of Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP (2001-2005).
Edward B. Baer
(44)
  Vice President and Chief Legal Officer
(since 2012).
  Managing Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (since 2006); Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (2004-2006).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Scott Radell
(44)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2012).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BGI (2007-2009); Credit Portfolio Manager, BGI (2005-2007); Credit Research Analyst, BGI (2003-2005).
Amy Schioldager
(50)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2007).
  Senior Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Global Head of Index Equity, BGI (2008-2009); Global Head of U.S. Indexing, BGI (2006-2008); Head of Domestic Equity Portfolio Management, BGI (2001-2006).
Ira P. Shapiro
(50)
  Vice President
(since 2007).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Strategic Product Initiatives for iShares (since 2012); Chief Legal Officer, Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (2007-2012); Associate General Counsel, BGI (2004-2009).
The Board has concluded that, based on each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, each Trustee should serve as a Trustee of the Board. Among the attributes common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Funds' investment adviser, other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. A Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively may have been attained through the Trustee’s educational background or professional training; business, consulting, public service or academic positions; experience from service as a Board member of the Funds and the other funds in the Trust (and any predecessor funds), other investment funds, public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. Also, set forth below is a brief discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Trustee that led the Board to conclude that he or she should serve as a Trustee.
Robert Kapito has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2009. Mr. Kapito has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2009, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and a Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2007. In addition, he has over 20 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Mr. Kapito serves as President and Director of BlackRock, Inc., and is the Chairman of the Operating Committee, a member of the Office of the Chairman, the Leadership Committee and the Corporate Council. He is responsible for day-to-day oversight of BlackRock's key operating units, including the Account Management and Portfolio Management Groups, Real Estate Group and BlackRock Solutions®. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in 2007, Mr. Kapito served as Head of BlackRock's Portfolio Management Group. In that role, he was responsible for overseeing all portfolio management within BlackRock, including the Fixed Income, Equity, Liquidity, and Alternative Investment Groups. Mr. Kapito serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. He has also been President of the Board of Directors for the Hope & Heroes Children's Cancer Fund since 2002 and President of the Board of Directors for Periwinkle Theatre for Youth, a national non-profit arts-in-education organization, since 1983. Mr. Kapito earned a BS degree in economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979, and an MBA degree from Harvard Business School in 1983.
Michael Latham has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2010 and President of the Trust since 2007. Mr. Latham served as Principal Financial Officer of the Trust from 2002 until 2007. Mr. Latham has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2010, President of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Principal Financial Officer of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2007, a Director and President of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, and a Trustee and President of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. Mr.
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Latham is the Chairman of BlackRock’s iShares exchange-traded fund business. In addition, he has over 15 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in September 2011, he was the global head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business. Prior to April 2009, he was head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business for the United States and Canada, and Chief Operating Officer for the U.S. iShares business. He previously held a variety of operating positions within the firm. Mr. Latham earned a BS degree in business administration from California State University at San Francisco in 1988.
Robert H. Silver has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2007 and Chairman of the Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Chairman of iShares, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chairman of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chairman of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver is President and a Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group Inc., a firm dedicated to advising and investing in emerging business enterprises and to supporting philanthropic activities that benefit under-served urban youth. Previously, Mr. Silver served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.), the registered broker dealer comprising the Wealth Management USA business unit of UBS AG, including the following responsibilities: President of Paine Webber Services, Director of Retail Products and Marketing, Director of Private Client Group Branch Offices, Director of Finance and Controls for Paine Webber, Inc. and Chief Administrative Officer for Paine Webber Private Client Group. Mr. Silver also served on the Board of Directors of EPAM Systems, Inc., a provider of software engineering outsourcing services in Central and Eastern Europe, served on the Board and Executive Committee of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), chaired the National Securities Clearing Corporations’ Membership and Risk Committee and served as Governor of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. In addition, Mr. Silver was a Vice Chairman and a Member of the Board of Directors for the YMCA of Greater New York and chaired its Fund Development Committee from 2001 until 2011 and Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. since 2008. Mr. Silver began his career as a CPA and Audit Manager at KPMG LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) from 1977 until 1983. Mr. Silver has a BS degree in business administration from the University of North Carolina.
George G.C. Parker has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2000. Mr. Parker served as Chair of the Trust's Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Trustee of the Trust from 2006 until 2010 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2002 until 2010. Mr. Parker has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2002, Chair of iShares, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Director of iShares, Inc. from 2006 until 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2010, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Parker also serves as Director on four other boards. Mr. Parker is the Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He teaches courses in Corporate Finance in the MBA Program, Stanford Sloan Program for Executives, and in various other Executive Education Programs at Stanford University. Mr. Parker's teaching and research interests are primarily in the field of corporate finance, management of financial institutions, and corporate governance, and he has written numerous case studies related to these subjects. He has also authored several articles on capital structure, risk management, and corporate valuation. Mr. Parker previously served as a Director of Continental Airlines and a Director of NETGEAR, Inc. Mr. Parker holds MBA and Ph.D. degrees from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.
John E. Martinez has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2003 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2003, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez is a Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.), providing governance oversight and consulting services to this privately held firm that develops products and strategies for homeowners in managing the equity in their homes. Mr. Martinez previously served as Director of Barclays Global Investors (BGI) UK Holdings, where he provided governance oversight representing BGI’s shareholders (Barclays PLC, BGI management shareholders) through oversight of BGI’s worldwide activities. Mr. Martinez also previously served as Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Global Index and Markets Group of BGI, Chairman of Barclays Global Investor Services and Chief Executive Officer of the Capital Markets Group of BGI. Since 2003, he is a Director and Executive Committee Member for Larkin Street Youth Services, providing governance oversight and strategy development to an agency that provides emergency and transitional housing, healthcare, education, job and life skills training to homeless youth. Mr. Martinez has an AB degree in economics from The University of California, Berkeley and holds an MBA degree in finance and statistics from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
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Cecilia H. Herbert has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Ms. Herbert has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. She is Director of the Board of the Catholic Charities CYO, one of the Bay Area’s largest private social services organizations serving the homeless, poor, aged, families, children and AIDS/HIV victims, on which she has served since 1998. Ms. Herbert is a member of the Investment Committee of the Archdiocese of San Francisco since 1992, which she chaired from 1994 to 2005. She has served on numerous non-profit boards. Ms. Herbert is also a Director and Advisory Board Member since 2009 of the Forward Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as a Trustee for the Pacific Select Funds and The Montgomery Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as Managing Director of J.P. Morgan/Morgan Guaranty Trust Company responsible for product development, marketing and credit for U.S. multinational corporations and as head of its San Francisco office and as Assistant Vice President, Signet Banking Corporation. Ms. Herbert has a BA degree in economics and communications from Stanford University and an MBA degree in finance from Harvard Business School.
Charles A. Hurty has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Trust since 2006. Mr. Hurty has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2006, a Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010 and a Trustee and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. In addition, Mr. Hurty serves as Director of the GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund since 2002, Director of the SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (formerly, Citigroup Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC) since 2002 and was a Director of the CSFB Alternative Investment Funds from 2005 to December 2009, when the funds were liquidated. Mr. Hurty was formerly a Partner at KPMG, LLP from 1968 to 2001. Mr. Hurty has a BS degree in accounting from the University of Kansas.
John E. Kerrigan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Fixed-Income Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Kerrigan served as Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2010 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Fixed-Income Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Fixed-Income Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011, Chair of the Fixed-Income Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan serves as Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University since 2002. Mr. Kerrigan was formerly a Managing Director at Merrill Lynch & Co., including the following responsibilities: Global Manager of Institutional Client Division eCommerce, Global Manager of Technology Specialists Sales and Chair, Performance Measurement, Evaluation & Compensation Task Force. Mr. Kerrigan is a Trustee, since 2008, of Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton, CA, and Director, since 1999, of The BASIC Fund (Bay Area Scholarships for Inner City Children). Mr. Kerrigan has a BA degree from Boston College and is a Chartered Financial Analyst.
Madhav V. Rajan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan is the Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He has taught accounting for over 20 years to undergraduate, MBA and law students, as well as to senior executives. Mr. Rajan serves as the Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and head of the MBA Program at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Rajan served as editor of “The Accounting Review” from 2002 to 2008 and is co-author of “Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis,” a leading cost accounting textbook. Mr. Rajan holds MS, MBA and Ph.D. degrees in accounting from Carnegie Mellon University.
Board – Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities
Overall responsibility for oversight of the Funds rests with the Board. The Board has engaged BFA to manage the Funds on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing BFA and other service providers in the operations of the Funds in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The Board is currently composed of nine members, seven of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board currently conducts
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regular meetings four times a year. In addition, the Board frequently holds special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees meet regularly outside the presence of management, in executive session or with other service providers to the Trust.
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board has established six standing Committees: a Nominating and Governance Committee, an Audit Committee, a 15(c) Committee, a Securities Lending Committee, an Equity Plus Committee and a Fixed Income Plus Committee to assist the Board in the oversight and direction of the business and affairs of the Funds, and from time to time may establish ad-hoc committees or informal working groups to review and address the policies and practices of the Funds with respect to certain specified matters. The Chair of each standing Committee is an Independent Trustee. The role of the Chair of each Committee is to preside at all meetings of the Committee and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys and other Trustees between meetings. Each Committee meets regularly to conduct the oversight functions delegated to the Committee by the Board and reports its finding to the Board. The Board and each standing Committee conduct annual assessments of their oversight function and structure. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise independent judgment over management and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees of Independent Trustees and the full Board to enhance effective oversight.
Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Funds is the responsibility of BFA or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to the supervision of BFA. Each Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational and valuation risks, among others. While there are a number of risk management functions performed by BFA and other service providers, as applicable, it is not possible to eliminate all of the risks applicable to the Fund. The Trustees have an oversight role in this area, satisfying themselves that risk management processes are in place and operating effectively. Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of each Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. The Board, directly or through a committee, also reviews reports from, among others, management and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by each Fund and management’s risk functions. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Trust's compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Trust and its principal service providers. In testing and maintaining the compliance program, the Chief Compliance Officer assesses key compliance risks affecting each Fund, and addresses them in reports to the Board. The Independent Trustees have engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.
Committees of the Board of Trustees. Each Independent Trustee serves on the Audit Committee. The Chair of the Audit Committee is Charles A. Hurty. The purposes of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board (i) in its oversight of the Trust's accounting and financial reporting principles and policies and related controls and procedures maintained by or on behalf of the Trust; (ii) in its oversight of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (iii) in selecting, evaluating and, where deemed appropriate, replacing the independent accountants (or nominating the independent accountants to be proposed for shareholder approval in any proxy statement); (iv) in evaluating the independence of the independent accountants; (v) in complying with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust's accounting and financial reporting, internal controls and independent audits; and (vi) to assume such other responsibilities as may be delegated by the Board. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013.
The members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), Charles A. Hurty, Madhav V. Rajan and John E. Kerrigan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The Nominating and Governance Committee nominates individuals for Independent Trustee membership on the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee functions include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) reviewing the qualifications of any person properly identified or nominated to serve as an Independent Trustee; (ii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the nominee(s) for appointment as an Independent Trustee by the Board and current Independent Trustees and/or for election as Independent Trustees by shareholders to fill any vacancy for a position of Independent Trustee(s) on the Board; (iii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the size and composition of the Board and Board committees and whether they comply with applicable laws and regulations; (iv) recommending a current Independent Trustee to the Board and current Independent Trustees to serve as Lead Independent Trustee; (v) periodic review of the Board's retirement policy; and (vi) recommending an appropriate level of compensation for the Independent Trustees for their services as Trustees, members or chairpersons of committees of the Board, Lead Independent Trustee, Chairperson of the Board and any other positions as the
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Nominating and Governance Committee considers appropriate. The Nominating and Governance Committee does not consider Board nominations recommended by shareholders (acting solely in their capacity as a shareholder and not in any other capacity). The Nominating and Governance Committee met three times during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013.
The members of the 15(c) Committee are Madhav V. Rajan (Chair), Cecilia H. Herbert, Charles A. Hurty and John E. Martinez, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the 15(c) Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for the annual review and renewal of the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements. These responsibilities include: (i) meeting with BlackRock, Inc. in advance of the Board meeting at which the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements are to be considered to discuss generally the process for providing requested information to the Board and the format in which information will be provided; and (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to evaluate the investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements of the Trust. The 15(c) Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013.
The members of the Securities Lending Committee are John E. Martinez (Chair), John E. Kerrigan and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Securities Lending Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of the Trust's securities lending activities. These responsibilities include: (i) requesting that certain information be provided to the Committee for its review and consideration prior to such information being provided to the Board; (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to oversee the Trust's securities lending activities and make required findings and approvals; and (iii) providing a recommendation to the Board regarding the annual approval of the Trust's Securities Lending Guidelines and the required findings with respect to, and annual approval of, the Trust's agreement with the lending agent. The Securities Lending Committee met three times during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013.
The members of the Equity Plus Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), John E. Martinez and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Equity Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for equity funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Equity Plus Committee met three times during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013.
The members of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are John E. Kerrigan (Chair), Charles A. Hurty and Madhav V. Rajan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for fixed income or multi-asset funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Fixed Income Plus Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013.
As the Chairman of the Board, Robert H. Silver may participate in each Committee's meetings.
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2012, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Funds and in other registered investment companies overseen by the Trustee within the same family of investment companies as the Trust. If a fund is not listed below, the Trustee did not own any securities in that fund as of the date indicated above:
Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Robert S. Kapito   None   None   None
             
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Michael Latham   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Micro-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core U.S. Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Robert H. Silver   iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core High Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI BRIC ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   $1-$10,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
             
George G.C. Parker   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares S&P 100 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
             
John E. Martinez   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares TIPS Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Cecilia H. Herbert   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares International Select Dividend ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
             
Charles A. Hurty   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Tech ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core High Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Financials ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Technology ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
             
John E. Kerrigan   iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   $10,001-$50,000
  $50,001-$100,000
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000
   
             
Madhav V. Rajan   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Core High Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
As of December 31, 2012, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of BFA (the Funds' investment adviser), the Distributor or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with BFA or the Distributor.
Remuneration of Trustees.  Each current Independent Trustee is paid an annual retainer of $275,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board's policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the period from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2012, each current Independent Trustee was paid an annual retainer of $250,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board’s policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. The Independent Chairman of the Boards is paid an additional annual retainer of $50,000. The Chair of the Audit Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $40,000. The Chair of each of the Nominating and Governance Committees, Equity Plus Committees, Fixed Income Plus Committees, Securities Lending Committees and 15(c) Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $15,000. Each Independent Trustee that serves as a director of subsidiaries of the Exchange-Traded Complex is paid an additional annual retainer of $10,000 (plus an additional $1,765 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius). Additionally, an Independent Trustee who travels to the Republic of Mauritius to attend board meetings is paid an additional $12,000 (plus an additional $2,117 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius).
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The table below sets forth the compensation earned by each Independent Trustee and Interested Trustee from each Fund for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013 and the aggregate compensation paid to them by the Exchange-Traded Complex for the calendar year ended December 31, 2012.
Name of Trustee   iShares 1-3 Year
Credit Bond ETF
  iShares 1-3 Year
Treasury Bond ETF
  iShares 3-7 Year
Treasury Bond ETF
  iShares 7-10 Year
Treasury Bond ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 5,116   $ 3,831   $ 1,070   $ 2,249
George G.C. Parker   4,593   3,439   960   2,019
John E. Martinez   4,413   3,305   923   1,940
Cecilia H. Herbert   4,612   3,454   964   2,028
Charles A. Hurty   5,119   3,834   1,070   2,251
John E. Kerrigan   4,479   3,354   937   1,969
Madhav V. Rajan   4,413   3,305   923   1,940
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares 10+ Year
Credit Bond ETF
  iShares 10-20 Year
Treasury Bond ETF
  iShares 20+ Year
Treasury Bond ETF
  iShares Agency
Bond ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 217   $220   $ 1,649   $ 219
George G.C. Parker   195   198   1,481   197
John E. Martinez   188   190   1,423   189
Cecilia H. Herbert   196   199   1,487   198
Charles A. Hurty   218   221   1,650   220
John E. Kerrigan   190   193   1,444   192
Madhav V. Rajan   188   190   1,423   189
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares California
AMT-Free
Muni Bond ETF
  iShares Core
Long-Term USD
Bond ETF
  iShares Core
U.S. Aggregate
Bond ETF
  iShares Core
U.S. Credit
Bond ETF
Independent Trustees:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $ 162   $ 55   $ 7,570   $ 727
George G.C. Parker   145   49   6,795   653
John E. Martinez   140   47   6,530   627
Cecilia H. Herbert   146   49   6,824   655
Charles A. Hurty   162   55   7,575   728
John E. Kerrigan   142   48   6,628   637
Madhav V. Rajan   140   47   6,530   627
                 
Interested Trustees:                
                 
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Name of Trustee   iShares California
AMT-Free
Muni Bond ETF
  iShares Core
Long-Term USD
Bond ETF
  iShares Core
U.S. Aggregate
Bond ETF
  iShares Core
U.S. Credit
Bond ETF
Robert S. Kapito   $0   $0   $0   $0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares
Government/Credit
Bond ETF
  iShares iBoxx $
High Yield
Corporate Bond ETF
  iShares iBoxx $
Investment Grade
Corporate Bond ETF
  iShares
Intermediate
Credit Bond ETF
  iShares
Intermediate
Government/Credit
Bond ETF
Independent Trustees:                    
                     
Robert H. Silver   $98   $ 7,452   $ 12,376   $ 2,750   $ 574
George G.C. Parker   88   6,690   11,109   2,469   515
John E. Martinez   84   6,428   10,675   2,372   495
Cecilia H. Herbert   88   6,717   11,155   2,476   517
Charles A. Hurty   98   7,457   12,383   2,752   574
John E. Kerrigan   86   6,525   10,835   2,408   502
Madhav V. Rajan   84   6,428   10,675   2,372   495
                     
Interested Trustees:                    
                     
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   iShares
MBS ETF
  iShares
National
AMT-Free
Muni Bond ETF
  iShares
New York
AMT-Free
Muni Bond ETF
  iShares
Short-Term
National
AMT-Free
Muni Bond ETF
  iShares
Short Treasury
Bond ETF
Independent Trustees:                    
                     
Robert H. Silver   $ 3,257   $ 1,876   $ 69   $ 324   $ 1,506
George G.C. Parker   2,923   1,684   62   291   1,351
John E. Martinez   2,809   1,618   60   280   1,299
Cecilia H. Herbert   2,935   1,691   62   292   1,357
Charles A. Hurty   3,258   1,877   69   325   1,506
John E. Kerrigan   2,851   1,643   61   284   1,318
Madhav V. Rajan   2,809   1,618   60   280   1,299
                     
Interested Trustees:                    
                     
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   0   0   0   0
    
Name of Trustee   Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Accrued As
Part of Trust
Expenses1
  Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement1
  Total
Compensation
From the Funds
and Fund Complex2
Independent Trustees:            
             
Robert H. Silver   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $289,835
George G.C. Parker   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   260,165
John E. Martinez   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   261,760
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Name of Trustee   Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Accrued As
Part of Trust
Expenses1
  Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement1
  Total
Compensation
From the Funds
and Fund Complex2
Cecilia H. Herbert   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   273,010
Charles A. Hurty   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   290,000
John E. Kerrigan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   265,510
Madhav V. Rajan   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   250,000
             
Interested Trustees:            
             
Robert S. Kapito   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 0
Michael Latham   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   0
             

1 No Trustee or officer is entitled to any pension or retirement benefits from the Trust.
2 Includes compensation for service on the Board of Trustees of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and the Boards of Directors of iShares, Inc. and iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust collectively owned less than 1% of each of the Funds' outstanding shares as of May 31, 2013.
Although the Trust does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participants (as defined below), as of May 31, 2013, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund were as follows:
Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  12.32%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.02%
    Northern Trust Company (The)
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60612
  7.02%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  6.85%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.61%
    State Street Bank and Trust Company
1776 Heritage Drive
North Quincy, MA 02171
  5.23%
         
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Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.30%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  8.64%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.22%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  7.43%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  7.34%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  6.98%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  6.67%
         
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF   First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  19.07%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.19%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  8.74%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  8.36%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.11%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.86%
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Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  5.20%
         
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  16.69%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.01%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  9.22%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  9.13%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  6.38%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.40%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.23%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.23%
         
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF   KeyBank National Association
127 Public Square
Cleveland, OH 44114
  22.03%
    M&I Marshall & Ilsley Bank
11270 W Park Place
7th Floor
Milwaukee, WI 53224
  11.30%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  9.72%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  7.94%
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Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  6.97%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.85%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  6.45%
    Mellon Trust of New England, National Association
Three Mellon Bank Center
Floor 1533700
Pittsburgh, PA 15259
  6.07%
         
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  11.83%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.46%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.29%
    Mellon Trust of New England, National Association
Three Mellon Bank Center
Floor 1533700
Pittsburgh, PA 15259
  5.96%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.53%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  5.04%
         
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  11.31%
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Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.31%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.51%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  6.34%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  6.13%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.38%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.26%
         
iShares Agency Bond ETF   First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  27.72%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  14.06%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.66%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.94%
    M&I Marshall & Ilsley Bank
11270 W Park Place
7th Floor
Milwaukee, WI 53224
  5.34%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  5.10%
         
iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  22.03%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  15.03%
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Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  13.13%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  9.45%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  6.47%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  5.81%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.56%
         
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF   The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  20.30%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  16.98%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  10.99%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  7.73%
    CIBC World Markets Inc./CDS
161 Bay Street
10th Floor
Toronto
ON Ontario
M5J 258 CA
  5.62%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.29%
         
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   Edward D. Jones & Co.
12555 Manchester Road
Saint Louis, MO 63131
  12.13%
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Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.26%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.80%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.78%
         
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  18.82%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.67%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  9.94%
    U.S. Bank N.A.
1555 North Rivercenter Dr.
Suite 302
Milwaukee, WI 53212
  5.20%
         
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  22.81%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  20.77%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.69%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
101 Hudson Street
9th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302-3997
  6.17%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  5.39%
         
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Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  9.27%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.99%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  6.96%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  5.91%
         
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  9.20%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  7.46%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  7.39%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.25%
    JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
14201 Dallas Pkwy
12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75240
  7.01%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  5.81%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  5.54%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  5.40%
         
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Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF   Mellon Trust of New England, National Association
Three Mellon Bank Center
Floor 1533700
Pittsburgh, PA 15259
  15.08%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  13.03%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.67%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  6.01%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  5.15%
         
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF   TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  38.04%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  10.00%
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  6.68%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  6.39%
    KeyBank National Association
127 Public Square
Cleveland, OH 44114
  5.49%
         
iShares MBS ETF   Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  20.35%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  9.91%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  9.52%
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Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
    LPL Financial Corporation
9785 Towne Centre Drive
San Diego, CA 92121-1968
  9.05%
    TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc.
1005 N. Ameritrade Place
Bellevue, NE 68005
  7.64%
    Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  5.65%
         
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  11.40%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  10.09%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  10.04%
    PNC Bank, National Association
Institutional Service Group
8800 Tinicum Blvd.
Attn: Trade Sett. Dept
Philadelphia, PA 19153
  9.42%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  7.09%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  6.92%
         
iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  11.52%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  10.59%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  10.18%
    Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  8.69%
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Fund   Name   Percentage of
Ownership
    The Bank of New York Mellon
401 Salina Street

2nd Floor

Syracuse, NY 13202
  8.24%
    American Enterprise Investment Services Inc.
2178 AXP Financial Center
Minneapolis, MN 55474
  7.09%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  5.49%
         
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
111 Pavonia Avenue
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  15.27%
    Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Safekeeping
101 Hudson Street
8th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07302
  15.15%
    Morgan Stanley & Co.
Harbourside Financial Center
Plaza 3, 1st Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07311
  9.05%
    Bank of America, National Association
411 N. Akard Street
5th Floor
Dallas, TX 75201
  8.52%
    National Financial Services LLC
200 Liberty Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10281
  8.06%
    UBS Financial Services Inc.
1000 Harbor Blvd.
4th Floor
Weehawken, NJ 07087
  6.46%
    First Clearing, LLC
901 East Byrd Street
Richmond, VA 23219
  6.21%
         
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF   Deutsche Bank Securities Inc./Cedear
1251 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020
  68.85%
Potential Conflicts of Interest.  The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (“PNC”) has a significant economic interest in BlackRock, Inc., the parent of BFA, the Funds' investment adviser. PNC is considered to be an affiliate of BlackRock, Inc., under the 1940 Act. Certain activities of BFA, BlackRock, Inc. and their affiliates (collectively, “BlackRock”) and PNC and its affiliates (collectively, “PNC” and together with BlackRock, “Affiliates”), with respect to the Funds and/or other accounts managed by BlackRock or PNC, may give rise to actual or perceived conflicts of interest such as those described below.
BlackRock is one of the world's largest asset management firms. PNC is a diversified financial services organization spanning the retail, business and corporate markets. BlackRock and PNC are affiliates of one another under the 1940 Act. BlackRock
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and PNC and their respective affiliates (including, for these purposes, their directors, partners, trustees, managing members, officers and employees), including the entities and personnel who may be involved in the investment activities and business operations of a Fund, are engaged worldwide in businesses, including equity, fixed-income, cash management and alternative investments. These are considerations of which investors in a Fund should be aware, and which may cause conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Fund and its shareholders. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments that may be purchased or sold by a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates have proprietary interests in, and may manage or advise with respect to, accounts or funds (including separate accounts and other funds and collective investment vehicles) that have investment objectives similar to those of a Fund and/or that engage in transactions in the same types of securities, currencies and instruments as the Fund. One or more Affiliates are also major participants in the global currency, equities, swap and fixed-income markets, in each case both on a proprietary basis and for the accounts of customers. As such, one or more Affiliates are or may be actively engaged in transactions in the same securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests. Such activities could affect the prices and availability of the securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests, which could have an adverse impact on the Fund's performance. Such transactions, particularly in respect of most proprietary accounts or customer accounts, will be executed independently of a Fund's transactions and thus at prices or rates that may be more or less favorable than those obtained by the Fund. When BlackRock and its Affiliates purchase or sell the same assets for their managed accounts, including a Fund, the assets actually purchased or sold may be allocated among the accounts on a basis determined in their good faith discretion to be equitable. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the size or price of the assets purchased or sold for a Fund. In addition, transactions in investments by one or more other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of a Fund, particularly, but not limited to, with respect to small capitalization, emerging market or less liquid strategies. This may occur when investment decisions regarding a Fund are based on research or other information that is also used to support decisions for other accounts. When BlackRock or its Affiliates implements a portfolio decision or strategy on behalf of another account ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar decisions or strategies for a Fund, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other factors could result in the Fund receiving less favorable trading results and the costs of implementing such decisions or strategies could be increased or the Fund could otherwise be disadvantaged. BlackRock or its Affiliates may, in certain cases, elect to implement internal policies and procedures designed to limit such consequences, which may cause a Fund to be unable to engage in certain activities, including purchasing or disposing of securities, when it might otherwise be desirable for it to do so.
Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding a Fund may benefit other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by a Fund may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by a Fund may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which a Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of a Fund's investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of BlackRock or its Affiliates or their clients, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
The results of a Fund's investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by BlackRock and its Affiliates for their proprietary accounts or other accounts (including investment companies or collective investment vehicles) managed or advised by them. It is possible that one or more Affiliate-managed accounts and such other accounts will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by a Fund. Moreover, it is possible that a Fund will sustain losses during periods in which one or more Affiliate-managed accounts achieve significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. The opposite result is also possible. The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and accounts under their management may also limit the investment opportunities for a Fund in certain emerging and other markets in which limitations are imposed upon the amount of investment, in the aggregate or in individual issuers, by affiliated foreign investors.
From time to time, a Fund's activities may also be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to one or more Affiliates, and/or their internal policies designed to comply with such restrictions. As a result, there may be periods, for
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example, when BlackRock, and/or one or more Affiliates, will not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions in certain securities or instruments with respect to which BlackRock and/or one or more Affiliates are performing services or when position limits have been reached.
In connection with its management of a Fund, BlackRock may have access to certain fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models developed by one or more Affiliates. BlackRock will not be under any obligation, however, to effect transactions on behalf of a Fund in accordance with such analysis and models. In addition, neither BlackRock nor any of its Affiliates will have any obligation to make available any information regarding their proprietary activities or strategies, or the activities or strategies used for other accounts managed by them, for the benefit of the management of a Fund and it is not anticipated that BlackRock will have access to such information for the purpose of managing the Fund. The proprietary activities or portfolio strategies of BlackRock and its Affiliates, or the activities or strategies used for accounts managed by them or other customer accounts could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by BlackRock in managing a Fund.
In addition, certain principals and certain employees of BlackRock are also principals or employees of Affiliates. As a result, the performance by these principals and employees of their obligations to such other entities may be a consideration of which investors in a Fund should be aware.
BlackRock may enter into transactions and invest in securities, instruments and currencies on behalf of a Fund in which customers of BlackRock or its Affiliates, or, to the extent permitted by the SEC, BlackRock or another Affiliate, serves as the counterparty, principal or issuer. In such cases, such party's interests in the transaction will be adverse to the interests of the Fund, and such party may have no incentive to assure that the Fund obtains the best possible prices or terms in connection with the transactions. In addition, the purchase, holding and sale of such investments by a Fund may enhance the profitability of BlackRock or its Affiliates. One or more Affiliates may also create, write or issue derivatives for their customers, the underlying securities, currencies or instruments of which may be those in which a Fund invests or which may be based on the performance of the Fund. A Fund may, subject to applicable law, purchase investments that are the subject of an underwriting or other distribution by one or more Affiliates and may also enter into transactions with other clients of an Affiliate where such other clients have interests adverse to those of the Fund.
At times, these activities may cause departments of BlackRock or its Affiliates to give advice to clients that may cause these clients to take actions adverse to the interests of the Fund. To the extent affiliated transactions are permitted, a Fund will deal with BlackRock and its Affiliates on an arms-length basis. BlackRock or its Affiliates may also have an ownership interest in certain trading or information systems used by a Fund. A Fund's use of such trading or information systems may enhance the profitability of BlackRock and its Affiliates.
One or more Affiliates may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or adviser or in other commercial capacities for a Fund. It is anticipated that the commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs, financial advisory fees, underwriting and placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, other fees, compensation or profits, rates, terms and conditions charged by an Affiliate will be in its view commercially reasonable, although each Affiliate, including its sales personnel, will have an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts that are favorable to the Affiliate and such sales personnel.
Subject to applicable law, the Affiliates (and their personnel and other distributors) will be entitled to retain fees and other amounts that they receive in connection with their service to the Funds as broker, dealer, agent, lender, adviser or in other commercial capacities and no accounting to the Funds or their respective shareholders will be required, and no fees or other compensation payable by the Funds or their respective shareholders will be reduced by reason of receipt by an Affiliate of any such fees or other amounts.
When an Affiliate acts as broker, dealer, agent, adviser or in other commercial capacities in relation to the Funds, the Affiliate may take commercial steps in its own interests, which may have an adverse effect on the Funds. A Fund will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on the Fund's own credit standing. Neither BlackRock nor any of the Affiliates will have any obligation to allow their credit to be used in connection with a Fund's establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that the Fund's counterparties will rely on the credit of BlackRock or any of the Affiliates in evaluating the Fund's creditworthiness.
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Purchases and sales of securities for a Fund may be bunched or aggregated with orders for other BlackRock client accounts. BlackRock, however, is not required to bunch or aggregate orders if portfolio management decisions for different accounts are made separately, or if it determines that bunching or aggregating is not practicable or required, or in cases involving client direction.
Prevailing trading activity frequently may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Funds will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Funds. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Funds will not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.
BlackRock may select brokers (including, without limitation, Affiliates) that furnish BlackRock, the Funds, other BlackRock client accounts or other Affiliates or personnel, directly or through correspondent relationships, with research or other appropriate services which provide, in BlackRock's view, appropriate assistance to BlackRock in the investment decision-making process (including with respect to futures, fixed-price offerings and over-the-counter transactions). Such research or other services may include, to the extent permitted by law, research reports on companies, industries and securities; economic and financial data; financial publications; proxy analysis; trade industry seminars; computer data bases; research-oriented software and other services and products. Research or other services obtained in this manner may be used in servicing any or all of the Funds and other BlackRock client accounts, including in connection with BlackRock client accounts other than those that pay commissions to the broker relating to the research or other service arrangements. Such products and services may disproportionately benefit other BlackRock client accounts relative to the Funds based on the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds and such other BlackRock client accounts. For example, research or other services that are paid for through one client's commissions may not be used in managing that client's account. In addition, other BlackRock client accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products and services that may be provided to the Funds and to such other BlackRock client accounts. To the extent that BlackRock uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products and services itself.
BlackRock may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. To the extent that BlackRock receives research on this basis, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist. For example, the research effectively will be paid by client commissions that also will be used to pay for the execution, clearing, and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by BlackRock.
BlackRock may endeavor to execute trades through brokers who, pursuant to such arrangements, provide research or other services in order to ensure the continued receipt of research or other services BlackRock believes are useful in its investment decision-making process. BlackRock may from time to time choose not to engage in the above described arrangements to varying degrees. BlackRock may also enter into commission sharing arrangements under which BlackRock may execute transactions through a broker-dealer, including, where permitted, an Affiliate, and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to BlackRock. To the extent that BlackRock engages in commission sharing arrangements, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist.
BlackRock may utilize certain electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) in executing client  securities transactions for certain types of securities. These ECNs may charge fees for their services, including access fees and transaction fees. The transaction fees, which are similar to commissions or mark-ups/mark-downs, will generally be charged to clients and, like commissions and mark-ups/mark-downs, would generally be included in the cost of the securities purchased. Access fees may be paid by BlackRock even though incurred in connection with executing transactions on behalf of clients, including the Funds. In certain circumstances, ECNs may offer volume discounts that will reduce the access fees typically paid by BlackRock. BlackRock will only utilize ECNs consistent with its obligation to seek to obtain best execution in client transactions.
BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Funds, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with BlackRock's fiduciary obligations to its clients. Nevertheless, notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of BlackRock may have the effect of favoring the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of BlackRock and/or its Affiliates, provided that BlackRock believes such voting
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decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the Proxy Voting Policy section of this SAI.
It is also possible that, from time to time, BlackRock or its Affiliates may, although they are not required to, purchase and hold shares of a Fund. Increasing a Fund's assets may enhance investment flexibility and diversification and may contribute to economies of scale that tend to reduce the Fund's expense ratio. BlackRock and its Affiliates reserve the right to redeem at any time some or all of the shares of a Fund acquired for their own accounts. A large redemption of shares of a Fund by BlackRock or its Affiliates could significantly reduce the asset size of the Fund, which might have an adverse effect on the Fund's investment flexibility, portfolio diversification and expense ratio. BlackRock will consider the effect of redemptions on a Fund and other shareholders in deciding whether to redeem its shares.
It is possible that a Fund may invest in securities of companies with which an Affiliate has or is trying to develop investment banking relationships as well as securities of entities in which BlackRock or its Affiliates has significant debt or equity investments or in which an Affiliate makes a market. A Fund also may invest in securities of companies to which an Affiliate provides or may someday provide research coverage. Such investments could cause conflicts between the interests of a Fund and the interests of other clients of BlackRock or its Affiliates. In making investment decisions for a Fund, BlackRock is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information acquired by any division, department or Affiliate of BlackRock in the course of these activities. In addition, from time to time, the activities of an Affiliate may limit a Fund's flexibility in purchases and sales of securities. When an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of an entity, BlackRock may be prohibited from purchasing or recommending the purchase of certain securities of that entity for a Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates, their personnel and other financial service providers may have interests in promoting sales of the Funds. With respect to BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel, the remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of the Funds or other products may be greater than remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of certain funds or other products that might be provided or offered. BlackRock and its Affiliates and their sales personnel may directly or indirectly receive a portion of the fees and commissions charged to the Funds or their respective shareholders. BlackRock and its advisory or other personnel may also benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. Fees and commissions may also be higher than for other products or services, and the remuneration and profitability to BlackRock or its Affiliates and such personnel resulting from transactions on behalf of or management of the Funds may be greater than the remuneration and profitability resulting from other funds or products.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel may receive greater compensation or greater profit in connection with an account for which BlackRock serves as an adviser than with an account advised by an unaffiliated investment adviser. Differentials in compensation may be related to the fact that BlackRock may pay a portion of its advisory fee to its Affiliate, or relate to compensation arrangements, including for portfolio management, brokerage transactions or account servicing. Any differential in compensation may create a financial incentive on the part of BlackRock or its Affiliates and their personnel to recommend BlackRock over unaffiliated investment advisers or to effect transactions differently in one account over another.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may provide valuation assistance to certain clients with respect to certain securities or other investments and the valuation recommendations made for their clients' accounts may differ from the valuations for the same securities or investments assigned by a Fund's pricing vendors, especially if such valuations are based on broker-dealer quotes or other data sources unavailable to the Fund's pricing vendors. While BlackRock will generally communicate its valuation information or determinations to a Fund's pricing vendors and/or fund accountants, there may be instances where the Fund's pricing vendors or fund accountants assign a different valuation to a security or other investment than the valuation for such security or investment determined or recommended by BlackRock.
As disclosed in more detail in the Determination of Net Asset Value section of each Fund’s Prospectus, when market valuations are not readily available or such valuations do not reflect current market values, the affected investments will be valued using fair value pricing, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Fund's Board. As a result, the Funds' sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued by BlackRock (pursuant to Board-adopted procedures) at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, a Fund may invest all or some of its short-term cash investments in any money market fund or similarly-managed private fund advised or managed by BlackRock. In connection with any such investments,
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a Fund, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, may pay its share of expenses of a money market fund in which it invests, which may result in a Fund bearing some additional expenses.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their directors, officers and employees, may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and may have conflicts of interest with respect to investments made on behalf of a Fund. As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by directors, officers, employees and Affiliates of BlackRock that are the same, different from or made at different times than positions taken for the Fund. To lessen the possibility that a Fund will be adversely affected by this personal trading, the Fund, BFA and BlackRock each has adopted a code of ethics in compliance with Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the Fund's portfolio transactions. Each code of ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Each code of ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by e-mail at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-1520.
BlackRock and its Affiliates will not purchase securities or other property from, or sell securities or other property to, a Fund, except that the Fund may in accordance with rules adopted under the 1940 Act engage in transactions with accounts that are affiliated with the Fund as a result of common officers, directors, or investment advisers or pursuant to exemptive orders granted to the Funds and/or BlackRock by the SEC. These transactions would be affected in circumstances in which BlackRock determined that it would be appropriate for a Fund to purchase and another client of BlackRock to sell, or the Fund to sell and another client of BlackRock to purchase, the same security or instrument on the same day. From time to time, the activities of a Fund may be restricted because of regulatory requirements applicable to BlackRock or its Affiliates and/or BlackRock's internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such requirements. A client not advised by BlackRock would not be subject to some of those considerations. There may be periods when BlackRock may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, or may otherwise restrict or limit their advice in certain securities or instruments issued by or related to companies for which an Affiliate is performing investment banking, market making or other services or has proprietary positions. For example, when an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of, or advisory services for, a company, the Funds may be prohibited from or limited in purchasing or selling securities of that company. Similar situations could arise if personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates serve as directors of companies the securities of which the Funds wish to purchase or sell. However, if permitted by applicable law, the Funds may purchase securities or instruments that are issued by such companies or are the subject of an underwriting, distribution, or advisory assignment by an Affiliate, or in cases in which personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates are directors or officers of the issuer.
The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and for client accounts may also limit the investment strategies and rights of the Funds. For example, in regulated industries, in certain emerging or international markets, in corporate and regulatory ownership definitions, and in certain futures and derivative transactions, there may be limits on the aggregate amount of investment by affiliated investors that may not be exceeded without the grant of a license or other regulatory or corporate consent or, if exceeded, may cause BlackRock, the Funds or other client accounts to suffer disadvantages or business restrictions.
If certain aggregate ownership thresholds are reached or certain transactions undertaken, the ability of BlackRock on behalf of clients (including the Funds) to purchase or dispose of investments, or exercise rights or undertake business transactions, may be restricted by regulation or otherwise impaired. As a result, BlackRock, on behalf of clients (including the Funds), may limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict or limit the exercise of rights (including voting rights) when BlackRock, in its sole discretion, deems it appropriate.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may maintain securities indexes as part of their product offerings. Index based funds seek to track the performance of securities indexes and may use the name of the index in the fund name. Index providers, including BlackRock and its Affiliates may be paid licensing fees for use of their index or index name. BlackRock and its Affiliates will not be obligated to license their indexes to BlackRock, and BlackRock cannot be assured that the terms of any index licensing agreement with BlackRock and its Affiliates will be as favorable as those terms offered to other index licensees.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may serve as Authorized Participants in the creation and redemption of exchange-traded funds, including funds advised by Affiliates of BlackRock. As described in greater detail in the Creations and Redemptions section of
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each Prospectus, BlackRock and its Affiliates may therefore be deemed to be participants in a distribution of iShares funds that could render them statutory underwriters.
Present and future activities of BlackRock and its Affiliates, including BFA, in addition to those described in this section, may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services
Investment Adviser.  BFA serves as investment adviser to each Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, and BFA. BFA is a California corporation indirectly owned by BlackRock, Inc. and is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Under the investment advisory agreement, BFA, subject to the supervision of the Board and in conformity with the stated investment policies of each Fund, manages and administers the Trust and the investment of each Fund’s assets. BFA is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and providing continuous supervision of the investment portfolio of each Fund.
Pursuant to the investment advisory agreement, BFA may, from time to time, in its sole discretion and to the extent permitted by applicable law, appoint one or more sub-advisers, including, without limitation, affiliates of BFA, to perform investment advisory or other services with respect to a Fund. In addition, BFA may delegate certain of its investment advisory functions under the investment advisory agreement to one or more of its affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law. BFA may terminate any or all sub-advisers or such delegation arrangements in its sole discretion upon appropriate notice at any time to the extent permitted by applicable law.
BFA is responsible, under the investment advisory agreement, for substantially all expenses of the Funds, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. BFA is not responsible for, and the Funds will bear the cost of, interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses and other expenses connected with the execution of portfolio securities transactions, distribution fees and extraordinary expenses.
For its investment advisory services to each Fund, BFA is paid a management fee at the annual rates (as a percentage of such Fund's average net assets) set forth below.
Effective July 1, 2013, for its investment advisory services to the iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from the iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF corresponding to the iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF and the iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF (“Combined Funds”). The aggregate management fee is calculated as follows:
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee
for the iShares iBoxx $ High Yield
Corporate Bond ETF
First $19 billion 0.5000%
Greater than $19 billion – Up to $33 billion 0.4750%
Greater than $33 billion – Up to $58 billion 0.4513%
Greater than $58 billion 0.4287%
Each reduced management fee level set forth in the fee schedule above reflects a 5% reduction (rounded to the fourth decimal place) from the management fee at the prior Combined Fund asset level.
Effective July 1, 2013, for its investment advisory services to the iShares MBS ETF, iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF and iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF, BFA is entitled to receive a management fee from each Fund corresponding to the Fund’s allocable portion of an aggregate management fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology ETF, iShares Cohen & Steers REIT ETF, iShares MBS ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF, iShares S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth ETF, iShares TIPS Bond ETF, iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF, iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, iShares
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Russell 1000 Value ETF, iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF, iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF and iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF (“Combined Funds”). The aggregate management fees are calculated as follows:
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee
for the iShares MBS ETF
First $121 billion 0.2500%
Greater than $121 billion - Up to $211 billion 0.2375%
Greater than $211 billion 0.2257%
    
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee
for the iBoxx $ Investment Grade
Corporate Bond ETF
First $121 billion 0.1500%
Greater than $121 billion - Up to $211 billion 0.1425%
Greater than $211 billion 0.1354%
    
Average Daily Net Assets of Combined Funds Rate of Management Fee for
the iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF
and iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF
First $121 billion 0.2000%
Greater than $121 billion - Up to $211 billion 0.1900%
Greater than $211 billion 0.1805%
Each reduced management fee level set forth in the fee schedules above reflects a 5% reduction (rounded to the fourth decimal place) from the management fee at the prior Combined Fund asset level.
The following table sets forth the management fees paid by each Fund to BFA for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Management
Fee
  Fund Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
February 28, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
February 29, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
February 28, 2011
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   0.20%   01/05/07   $ 18,988,483   $ 16,856,797   $13,646,628
iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   0.15%   07/22/02   13,878,262   13,763,270   12,503,585
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF   0.15%   01/05/07   3,845,685   2,958,869   1,900,699
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF   0.15%   07/22/02   7,043,101   5,693,271   4,778,517
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF   0.20%   12/08/09   645,930   317,998   31,883
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF   0.15%   01/05/07   851,471   504,023   445,070
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF   0.15%   07/22/02   4,941,645   4,600,801   4,356,288
iShares Agency Bond ETF   0.20%   11/05/08   780,778   743,274   693,557
iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   0.25%   10/04/07   627,312   487,486   559,476
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF1   0.12%   12/08/09   210,387   44,758   25,621
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF2   0.08%   09/22/03   23,742,743   25,408,266   23,690,493
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF3   0.20%   01/05/07   2,687,456   1,859,221   1,350,441
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF   0.20%   01/05/07   335,223   227,452   294,525
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   0.50%   04/04/07   77,393,473   47,649,798   31,438,595
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   0.15%   07/22/02   34,761,935   22,597,650   20,018,535
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF   0.20%   01/05/07   10,366,969   7,687,642   5,678,618
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF   0.20%   01/05/07   1,769,267   1,232,522   1,007,558
iShares MBS ETF   0.25%   03/13/07   14,275,500   8,176,772   5,110,054
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF4   0.25%   09/07/07   7,920,127   5,638,250   4,959,714
iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   0.25%   10/04/07   287,331   221,022   176,959
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   0.25%   11/05/08   1,431,670   1,102,591   1,014,834
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Fund   Management
Fee
  Fund Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
February 28, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
February 29, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for Fiscal
Year Ended
February 28, 2011
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF5   0.15%   01/05/07   3,822,152   5,587,283   5,805,220

1 Prior to October 17, 2012, the management fee for the iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF was 0.20%.
2 Prior to October 17, 2012, the management fee for the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF was 0.20%. For the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF, BFA has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fees in an amount equal to the Fund’s pro rata share of the fees and expenses attributable to the Fund’s investments in other registered investment companies advised by BFA, or its affiliates, “Acquired Fees and Expenses,” through June 30, 2015. The contractual waiver may be terminated prior to June 30, 2015 only upon written agreement of the Trust and BFA.
3 Effective June 12, 2014, the management fee for the iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF is 0.15%.
4 For the iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF, BFA has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fees in an amount equal to the Fund's pro rata share of the fees and expenses attributable to the Fund's investments in other iShares funds, “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses,” through June 30, 2015. For the fiscal years ended 2013, 2012 and 2011, BFA waived $0, $166 and $857 of management fees, respectively.
5 For the iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF, BFA has voluntarily agreed to waive a portion of its management fees to the extent necessary to prevent the Fund from experiencing a negative 30-day SEC yield. This voluntary waiver may be reduced or discontinued at any time without notice. For the fiscal years ended 2013 and 2012, BFA waived $187,500 and $434,646 of its management fees, respectively.
The Investment Advisory Agreement with respect to each Fund is terminable without penalty, on 60 days' notice, by the Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the applicable Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
Current interpretations of U.S. federal banking laws and regulations (i) may prohibit BlackRock, Inc., BFA or their affiliates from controlling or underwriting the shares of the Funds, but (ii) do not prohibit BlackRock, Inc. or BFA generally from acting as an investment adviser, administrator, transfer agent or custodian to the Funds or from purchasing shares as agent for and upon the order of a customer.
BFA believes that it may perform advisory and related services for the Trust without violating applicable banking laws or regulations. However, the legal requirements and interpretations about the permissible activities of banks and their affiliates may change in the future. These changes could prevent BFA from continuing to perform services for the Trust. If this happens, the Board would consider selecting other qualified firms. Any new investment advisory agreement would be subject to shareholder approval.
If current restrictions on bank activities with mutual funds were relaxed, BFA, or its affiliates, would consider performing additional services for the Trust. BFA cannot predict whether these changes will be enacted, or the terms under which BFA, or its affiliates, might offer to provide additional services.
Portfolio Managers.  As of February 28, 2013, the individuals named as Portfolio Managers in each Fund’s Prospectus were also primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of other iShares funds and certain other types of portfolios and/or accounts as follows:
James Mauro        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   36   $ 31,900,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   14   $23,700,000,000
Other Accounts   9   $ 10,000,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   2   $ 1,600,000,000
    
Scott Radell        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   37   $34,800,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   5   $ 3,300,000,000
Other Accounts   8   $ 9,800,000,000
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Scott Radell        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   2   $1,700,000,000
Each of the portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management seeks to track the rate of return, risk profile and other characteristics of independent third-party indexes by either replicating the same combination of securities that compose those indexes or through a representative sampling of the securities that compose those indexes based on objective criteria and data. Pursuant to BFA policy, investment opportunities are allocated equitably among the Funds and other portfolios and accounts. For example, under certain circumstances, an investment opportunity may be restricted due to limited supply in the market, legal constraints or other factors, in which event the investment opportunity will be allocated equitably among those portfolios and accounts, including the Funds, seeking such investment opportunity. As a consequence, from time to time the Funds may receive a smaller allocation of an investment opportunity than they would have if the Portfolio Managers and BFA and its affiliates did not manage other portfolios or accounts.
Like the Funds, the other portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management generally pay an asset-based fee to BFA or its affiliates, as applicable, for its advisory services. One or more of those other portfolios or accounts, however, may pay BFA an incentive-based fee in lieu of, or in addition to, an asset-based fee for its advisory services. A portfolio or account with an incentive-based fee would pay BFA a portion of that portfolio's or account's gains, or would pay BFA more for its services than would otherwise be the case if BFA meets or exceeds specified performance targets. By their very nature, incentive-based fee arrangements could present an incentive for BFA or any of its affiliates to devote greater resources, and allocate more investment opportunities, to the portfolios or accounts that have those fee arrangements, relative to other portfolios or accounts, in order to earn larger fees. Although BFA and its affiliates have an obligation to allocate resources and opportunities equitably among portfolios and accounts and intends to do so, shareholders of the Funds should be aware that, as with any group of portfolios and accounts managed by an investment adviser and/or its affiliates pursuant to varying fee arrangements, including incentive-based fee arrangements, there is the potential for a conflict-of-interest, that may result in the Portfolio Managers' favoring those portfolios or accounts with incentive-based fee arrangements.
The tables below show, for each Portfolio Manager, the number of portfolios or accounts of the types set forth in the above tables and the aggregate of total assets in those portfolios or accounts with respect to which the investment management fees are based on the performance of those portfolios or accounts as of February 28, 2013:
James Mauro        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance
Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   2   $1,600,000,000
    
Scott Radell        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance
Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   1   $1,100,000,000
Other Accounts   1   $ 600,000,000
The discussion below describes the Portfolio Managers' compensation as of February 28, 2013.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Overview
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BlackRock, Inc.'s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a performance-based discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock, Inc.
Base compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm.
Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, Inc., the performance of the portfolio manager's group within BlackRock, Inc. and the individual's performance and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock, Inc.
Distribution of Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash and BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units which vest ratably over a number of years. The BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units, if properly vested, will be settled in BlackRock, Inc. common stock. Typically, the cash bonus, when combined with base salary, represents more than 60% of total compensation for the portfolio managers. Paying a portion of annual bonuses in stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year “at risk” based on BlackRock, Inc.'s ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods.
Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards — From time to time, long-term incentive equity awards are granted to certain key employees to aid in retention, align their interests with long-term shareholder interests and motivate performance. Equity awards are generally granted in the form of BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units that, once vested, settle in BlackRock, Inc. common stock.
Deferred Compensation Program — A portion of the compensation paid to eligible BlackRock, Inc. employees may be voluntarily deferred at their election for defined periods of time into an account that tracks the performance of certain of the firm's investment products. All of the eligible portfolio managers have participated in the deferred compensation program.
Other Compensation Benefits. In addition to base compensation and discretionary incentive compensation, portfolio managers may be eligible to receive or participate in one or more of the following:
Incentive Savings Plans — BlackRock, Inc. has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock, Inc. employees are eligible to participate, including a 401(k) plan, the BlackRock Retirement Savings Plan (“RSP”), and the BlackRock Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The employer contribution components of the RSP include a company match equal to 50% of the first 8% of eligible pay contributed to the plan capped at $5,000 per year, and a company retirement contribution equal to 3-5% of eligible compensation up to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) limit ($255,000 for 2013). The RSP offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies and collective investment funds managed by the firm. BlackRock, Inc. contributions follow the investment direction set by participants for their own contributions or, absent participant investment direction, are invested into an index target date fund that corresponds to, or is closest to, the year in which the participant attains age 65. The ESPP allows for investment in BlackRock, Inc. common stock at a 5% discount on the fair market value of the stock on the purchase date. Annual participation in the ESPP is limited to the purchase of 1,000 shares of common stock or a dollar value of $25,000 based on its fair market value on the Purchase Date. Lee Sterne and Scott Radell are each eligible to participate in these plans.
As of February 28, 2013, the Portfolio Managers beneficially owned shares of the Funds in the amounts reflected in the following tables:
James Mauro                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF X                        
iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF X                        
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF X                        
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF X                        
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James Mauro                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF X                        
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF X                        
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF X                        
iShares Agency Bond ETF X                        
iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF X                        
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF X                        
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF X                        
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF X                        
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF X                        
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF X                        
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF X                        
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF X                        
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF X                        
iShares MBS ETF X                        
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF X                        
iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF X                        
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF X                        
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF X                        
    
Scott Radell                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF         X                
iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF X                        
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF X                        
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF X                        
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF X                        
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF X                        
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF X                        
iShares Agency Bond ETF X                        
iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF X                        
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF X                        
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF X                        
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF X                        
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF X                        
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF                 X        
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF X                        
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF X                        
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF X                        
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Scott Radell                          
  Dollar Range
Fund None   $1 to $10k   $10,001
to $50k
  $50,001
to $100k
  $100,001
to $500k
  $500,001
to $1m
  over
$1m
iShares MBS ETF X                        
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF X                        
iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF X                        
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF X                        
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF X                        
Codes of Ethics.  The Trust, BFA and the Distributor have adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The codes of ethics permit personnel subject to the codes of ethics to invest in securities, subject to certain limitations, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements.  The Funds are subject to the USA PATRIOT Act (the “Patriot Act”). The Patriot Act is intended to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system in furtherance of money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities. Pursuant to requirements under the Patriot Act, a Fund may request information from Authorized Participants to enable it to form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its Authorized Participants. This information will be used to verify the identity of Authorized Participants or, in some cases, the status of financial professionals; it will be used only for compliance with the requirements of the Patriot Act.
The Funds reserve the right to reject purchase orders from persons who have not submitted information sufficient to allow the Fund to verify their identity. Each Fund also reserves the right to redeem any amounts in a Fund from persons whose identity it is unable to verify on a timely basis. It is the Funds' policy to cooperate fully with appropriate regulators in any investigations conducted with respect to potential money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) serves as administrator, custodian and transfer agent for the Funds under the Master Services Agreement and related Service Schedule (the “Service Module”). State Street’s principal address is 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116. Pursuant to the Service Module for Fund Administration and Accounting Services with the Trust, State Street provides necessary administrative, legal, tax and accounting and financial reporting services for the maintenance and operations of the Trust and each Fund. In addition, State Street makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services. Pursuant to the Service Module for Custodial Services with the Trust, State Street maintains, in separate accounts, cash, securities and other assets of the Trust and each Fund, keeps all necessary accounts and records and provides other services. State Street is required, upon the order of the Trust, to deliver securities held by State Street and to make payments for securities purchased by the Trust for each Fund. State Street is authorized to appoint certain foreign custodians or foreign custody managers for Fund investments outside the United States. Pursuant to the Service Module for Transfer Agency Services with the Trust, State Street acts as a transfer agent for each Fund’s authorized and issued shares of beneficial interest, and as dividend disbursing agent of the Trust. As compensation for these services, State Street receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by BFA from its management fee.
The following table sets forth the administration, transfer agency and custodian expenses of each Fund paid by BFA to State Street for the fiscal years noted:
Fund   Fund Inception Date   Custody,
Administration &
Transfer Agency
Expenses Paid
During Fiscal
Year Ended
February 28, 2013
  Custody,
Administration &
Transfer Agency
Expenses Paid
During Fiscal
Year Ended
February 29, 2012
  Custody,
Administration &
Transfer Agency
Expenses Paid
During Fiscal
Year Ended
February 28, 2011
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   01/05/07   $293,642   $357,096   $316,607
iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   07/22/02   284,528   377,176   376,920
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF   01/05/07   82,594   83,651   63,751
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Fund   Fund Inception Date   Custody,
Administration &
Transfer Agency
Expenses Paid
During Fiscal
Year Ended
February 28, 2013
  Custody,
Administration &
Transfer Agency
Expenses Paid
During Fiscal
Year Ended
February 29, 2012
  Custody,
Administration &
Transfer Agency
Expenses Paid
During Fiscal
Year Ended
February 28, 2011
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF   07/22/02   145,497   157,589   146,272
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF   12/08/09   28,846   21,410   7,687
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF   01/05/07   22,280   17,379   17,421
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF   07/22/02   104,113   128,083   136,100
iShares Agency Bond ETF   11/05/08   18,959   20,447   20,409
iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   10/04/07   22,567   20,913   43,862
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF   12/08/09   22,465   13,296   8,177
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   09/22/03   491,912   556,703   581,708
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF   01/05/07   70,962   65,668   50,906
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF   01/05/07   26,948   18,486   14,804
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   04/04/07   437,056   381,245   294,254
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   07/22/02   680,756   612,243   606,985
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF   01/05/07   182,229   181,560   142,853
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF   01/05/07   42,360   38,601   31,414
iShares MBS ETF   03/13/07   186,003   159,683   117,416
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   09/07/07   124,779   131,339   225,684
iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   10/04/07   13,952   12,851   38,064
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   11/05/08   35,641   38,055   81,463
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF   01/05/07   80,702   154,506   181,703
Distributor.  The Distributor's principal address is 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Funds through the Distributor or its agent only in Creation Units, as described in the applicable Prospectus and below in the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Fund shares in amounts less than Creation Units are generally not distributed by the Distributor or its agent. The Distributor or its agent will arrange for the delivery of the applicable Prospectus and, upon request, this SAI to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it or its agents and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it or its agents. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
The Distribution Agreement for each Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on at least 60 days' prior written notice to the other party following (i) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the relevant Fund. The Distribution Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Fund shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as defined below), DTC participants and/or investor services organizations.
BFA or its affiliates may, from time to time and from its own resources, pay, defray or absorb costs relating to distribution, including payments out of its own resources to the Distributor, or to otherwise promote the sale of shares.
The Distributor serves as the Funds' distributor as of April 1, 2012. Prior to that date, SEI Investments Distribution Co. (“SEI”), located at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, PA 19456, served as the distributor to the Funds. The following table sets forth the compensation paid by BFA to SEI for certain services, not primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares, provided to each Fund during the fiscal years noted:
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Fund   Fund
Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
April 1, 2012 to
February 28, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
March 1, 2012 to
March 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended February
29, 2012
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended February
28, 2011
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   01/05/07   $6,924   $887   $11,427   $11,170
iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   07/22/02   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF   01/05/07   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF   07/22/02   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF   12/08/09   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF   01/05/07   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF   07/22/02   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares Agency Bond ETF   11/05/08   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   10/04/07   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF   12/08/09   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   09/22/03   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF   01/05/07   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF   01/05/07   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   04/04/07   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   07/22/02   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF   01/05/07   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF   01/05/07   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares MBS ETF   03/13/07   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   09/07/07   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   10/04/07   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   11/05/08   6,924   887   11,427   11,170
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF   01/05/07   6,924   887   11,427   11,170

1
BRIL serves as the distributor to the funds effective April 1, 2012. These fees reflect payments made to SEI, acting as an agent of the Distributor.
2
SEI served as distributor to the Funds through March 31, 2012.
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates. BFA and/or its affiliates (“BFA Entities”) pay certain broker-dealers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Funds, other iShares funds or exchange-traded products in general. BFA Entities make these payments from their own assets and not from the assets of the Funds. Although a portion of BFA Entities’ revenue comes directly or indirectly in part from fees paid by the Funds and other iShares funds, these payments do not increase the price paid by investors for the purchase of shares of, or the cost of owning, the Fund or other iShares funds. BFA Entities make payments for Intermediaries’ participation in activities that are designed to make registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Funds, or for other activities, such as participation in marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems (“Education Costs”). BFA Entities also make payments to Intermediaries for certain printing, publishing and mailing costs associated with the Funds or materials relating to exchange-traded products in general (“Publishing Costs”). In addition, BFA Entities make payments to Intermediaries that make shares of the Funds and certain other iShares funds available to their clients, develop new products that feature iShares or otherwise promote the Funds and other iShares funds. BFA Entities may also reimburse expenses or make payments from their own assets to Intermediaries or other persons in consideration of services or other activities that the BFA Entities believe may benefit the iShares business or facilitate investment in iShares funds. Payments of the type described above are sometimes referred to as revenue-sharing payments.
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Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your salesperson or other investment professional may also be significant for your salesperson or other investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it will recommend or make available to its clients or what services to provide for various products based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments may create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients and these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Funds and other iShares funds over other investments. The same conflict of interest and financial incentive exist with respect to your salesperson or other investment professional if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.
As of March 1, 2013, BFA Entities have contractual arrangements to make payments (in addition to payments for Education Costs or Publishing Costs) to one Intermediary, Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (“FBS”). Pursuant to this special, long-term and significant arrangement (the “Marketing Program”), FBS and certain affiliates (collectively “Fidelity”) have agreed, among other things, to actively promote iShares funds to customers and investment professionals and in advertising campaigns as the preferred exchange-traded product, to offer certain iShares funds in certain Fidelity platforms and investment programs, in some cases at a reduced commission rate or commission free, and to provide marketing data to BFA Entities. BFA Entities have agreed to facilitate the Marketing Program by, among other things, making certain payments to FBS for marketing and implementing certain brokerage and investment programs. Upon termination of the arrangement, the BFA Entities will make additional payments to FBS based upon a number of criteria, including the overall success of the Marketing Program and the level of services provided by FBS during the wind-down period.
Any additions, modifications, or deletions to Intermediaries listed above that have occurred since the date noted above are not included in the list. Further, BFA Entities make Education Costs and Publishing Costs payments to other Intermediaries that are not listed above. BFA Entities may determine to make such payments based on any number of metrics. For example, BFA Entities may make payments at year-end or other intervals in a fixed amount, an amount based upon an Intermediary’s services at defined levels or an amount based on the Intermediary’s net sales of one or more iShares funds in a year or other period, any of which arrangements may include an agreed-upon minimum or maximum payment, or any combination of the foregoing. As of the date of this SAI, BFA anticipates that the payments paid by BFA Entities in connection with the Funds, iShares funds and exchange-traded products in general will be immaterial to BFA Entities in the aggregate for the next year. Please contact your salesperson or other investment professional for more information regarding any such payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the BFA Entities to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy shares of iShares funds.
The Funds may participate in certain market maker incentive programs of a national securities exchange in which an affiliate of the Funds would pay a fee to the exchange used for the purpose of incentivizing one or more market makers in the securities of a Fund to enhance the liquidity and quality of the secondary market of securities of a Fund. The fee would then be credited by the exchange to one or more market makers that meet or exceed liquidity and market quality standards with respect to the securities of a Fund. Each market maker incentive program is subject to approval from the SEC. Any such fee payments made to an exchange will be made by an affiliate of a Fund solely for the benefit of a Fund and will not be paid from any Fund assets.
Determination of Net Asset Value
Valuation of Shares. The NAV for a Fund is generally calculated as of the close of regular trading hours on the NYSE (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each business day the NYSE is open. Valuation of securities held by a Fund is as follows:
Equity Investments. Equity securities traded on a recognized securities exchange (e.g., NYSE), separate trading boards of a securities exchange or through a market system that provides contemporaneous transaction pricing information (an “Exchange”) are valued using information obtained via independent pricing services, generally the Exchange closing price, or if an Exchange closing price is not available, the last traded price on that Exchange prior to the time as of which a Fund’s assets or liabilities are valued. However, under certain circumstances other means of determining current market value may be used. If an equity security is traded on more than one Exchange, the current market value of the security where it is primarily traded generally will be used. In the event that there are no sales involving an equity security held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such security, the prior day’s price will be used, unless, in accordance with valuation procedures
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approved by a Fund’s Board (the “Valuation Procedures”), BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the security, in which case such asset would be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below).
Fixed Income Investments. In accordance with the Valuation Procedures, fixed income securities for which market quotations are readily available are generally valued using such securities’ most recent bid prices provided directly from one or more broker-dealers, market makers, or independent third-party pricing services, each of which may use matrix pricing and valuation models, as well as recent market transactions for the same or similar assets to derive values. The amortized cost method of valuation may be used with respect to debt obligations with sixty days or less remaining to maturity unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such method does not represent fair value. Loan participation notes are generally valued at the mean of the last available bid prices from one or more brokers or dealers as obtained from independent third-party pricing services. Certain fixed income investments, including asset-backed and mortgage-related securities, may be valued based on valuation models that consider the estimated cash flows of each tranche of the entity, establish a benchmark yield and develop an estimated tranche specific spread to the benchmark yield based on the unique attributes of the tranche. Fixed income securities for which market quotations are not readily available may be valued by third-party pricing services that make a valuation determination by securing transaction data (e.g., recent representative bids), credit quality information, perceived market movements, news, and other relevant information and by other methods, which may include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from dealers; and general market conditions.
Options, Futures, Swaps and Other Derivatives. Exchange-traded equity options for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices as quoted on the Exchange or the board of trade on which such options are traded. In the event that there is no mean price available for an exchange traded equity option held by a Fund on a day on which a Fund values such option, the last bid (long positions) or ask (short positions) price, if available, will be used as the value of such option. If no such bid or ask price is available on a day on which a Fund values such option, the prior day’s price will be used, unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the option in which case such option will be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below). Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives may be valued using a mathematical model which may incorporate a number of market data factors. Financial futures contracts and options thereon, which are traded on exchanges, are valued at their settle price as of the close of such exchanges. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
Underlying Funds. Shares of underlying exchange-traded funds will be valued at their most recent closing price on an Exchange. Shares of underlying money market funds will be valued at their net asset value.
General Valuation Information. In determining the market value of portfolio investments, a Fund may employ independent third-party pricing services, which may use, without limitation, a matrix or formula method that takes into consideration market indexes, matrices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. This may result in the securities being valued at a price different from the price that would have been determined had the matrix or formula method not been used. All cash, receivables and current payables are carried on a Fund’s books at their face value.
Prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services, broker-dealers or market makers to value a Fund’s securities and other assets and liabilities are based on information available at the time a Fund values its assets and liabilities. In the event that a pricing service quotation is revised or updated subsequent to the day on which the Fund valued such security or other asset or liability, the revised pricing service quotation generally will be applied prospectively. Such determination will be made considering pertinent facts and circumstances surrounding the revision.
Certain types of securities, including many fixed income securities, trade infrequently and there may be no current market transactions or recent representative bids for such securities. To the extent that prices for such securities are not reflective of current market transactions or recent representative bids, a Fund will value such securities in good faith in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
In the event that application of the methods of valuation discussed above result in a price for a security which is deemed not to be representative of the fair market value of such security, the security will be valued by, under the direction of or in accordance with a method specified by a Fund’s Board as reflecting fair value. All other assets and liabilities (including securities for which market quotations are not readily available) held by a Fund (including restricted securities) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by a Fund’s Board or by BlackRock (its delegate) pursuant to the Valuation Procedures.
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Any assets and liabilities which are denominated in a foreign currency are converted into U.S. dollars at the prevailing rates of exchange at such times as may be determined by a Fund from time to time.
Certain of the securities acquired by a Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges or over-the-counter markets on days on which a Fund’s net asset value is not calculated. In such cases, the net asset value of a Fund’s shares may be significantly affected on days when investors can neither purchase nor redeem shares of a Fund.
Use of fair value prices and certain current market valuations could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate a Fund’s NAV and the prices used in the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between a Fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Fair Value. When market quotations are not readily available or are believed in good faith by BlackRock to be unreliable, a Fund’s investments are valued at fair value (“Fair Value Assets”). Fair Value Assets are valued by BlackRock in accordance with the Valuation Procedures. BlackRock may reasonably conclude that a market quotation is not readily available or is unreliable if, among other things, a security or other asset or liability does not have a price source due to its lack of trading, if BlackRock believes in good faith that a market quotation from a broker-dealer or other source is unreliable (e.g., where it varies significantly from a recent trade, or no longer reflects the fair value of the security or other asset or liability subsequent to the most recent market quotation), where the security or other asset or liability is only thinly traded or due to the occurrence of a significant event subsequent to the most recent market quotation. For this purpose, a “significant event” is deemed to occur if BlackRock determines, in its reasonable business judgment, that an event has occurred after the close of trading for an asset or liability but prior to or at the time of pricing a Fund’s assets or liabilities, and that the event is likely to cause a material change to the closing market price of the assets or liabilities held by a Fund. Non-U.S. securities whose values are affected by volatility that occurs in U.S. markets for related or highly correlated assets (e.g., ADRs, GDRs or ETFs) on a trading day after the close of non-U.S. securities markets may be fair valued. On any date the NYSE is open and a foreign market or the primary exchange on which a foreign asset or liability is traded is closed, such asset or liability will be valued using the prior day’s price, provided that BlackRock is not aware of any significant event or other information that would cause such price to no longer reflect the fair value of the asset or liability, in which case such asset or liability would be treated as a Fair Value Asset.
BlackRock, with input from the BlackRock Investment Strategy Group, will submit its recommendations regarding the valuation and/or valuation methodologies for Fair Value Assets to BlackRock’s Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee may accept, modify or reject any recommendations. In addition, a Fund’s accounting agent periodically endeavors to confirm the prices it receives from all third-party pricing services, index providers and broker-dealers, and, with the assistance of BlackRock, to regularly evaluate the values assigned to the securities and other assets and liabilities held by a Fund. The pricing of all Fair Value Assets is subsequently reported to and, where appropriate, ratified by the Board.
When determining the price for a Fair Value Asset, the BlackRock Valuation Committee (or BlackRock’s Pricing Group) will seek to determine the price that a Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of that asset or liability in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what a Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. Fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that the Valuation Committee (or Pricing Group) deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third party valuation models.
Fair value represents a good faith approximation of the value of an asset or liability. When determining fair value of an asset, one or more of a variety of fair valuation methodologies may be used (depending on factors including the asset type). For example, the asset may be priced on the basis of the original cost of the investment or, alternatively, using proprietary or third-party models (including models that rely upon direct portfolio management pricing inputs and which reflect the significance attributed to the various factors and assumptions being considered). Prices of actual, executed or historical transactions in the relevant asset and/or liability (or related or comparable assets and/or liabilities) or, where appropriate, an appraisal by a third party experienced in the valuation of similar assets and/or liabilities, may also be used as a basis for establishing the fair value of an asset or liability. The fair value of one or more assets or liabilities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets or liabilities could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining a Fund’s net asset value. As a result, a Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
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Each Fund’s annual audited financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), follow the requirements for valuation set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), which defines and establishes a framework for measuring fair value under US GAAP and expands financial statement disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements. Generally, ASC 820 and other accounting rules applicable to funds and various assets in which they invest are evolving. Such changes may adversely affect a Fund. For example, the evolution of rules governing the determination of the fair market value of assets or liabilities to the extent such rules become more stringent would tend to increase the cost and/or reduce the availability of third-party determinations of fair market value. This may in turn increase the costs associated with selling assets or affect their liquidity due to a Fund’s inability to obtain a third-party determination of fair market value.
Brokerage Transactions
BFA assumes general supervision over placing orders on behalf of each Fund for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities. In selecting brokers or dealers for any transaction in portfolio securities, BFA’s policy is to make such selection based on factors deemed relevant, including but not limited to, the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the reasonableness of the commission or mark-up or mark-down, if any, execution capability, settlement capability, back office efficiency and the financial condition of the broker or dealer, both for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. The overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid is evaluated by BFA based upon its knowledge of available information as to the general level of commissions paid by other institutional investors for comparable services. Brokers may also be selected because of their expertise in certain markets or with certain securities, or their ability to handle special or difficult executions, such as may be involved in large block trades, less liquid securities, broad distributions, or other circumstances. BFA does not consider the provision or value of research, products or services a broker or dealer may provide, if any, as a factor in the selection of a broker or dealer or the determination of the reasonableness of commissions paid in connection with portfolio transactions. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that prohibit the consideration of sales of a Fund’s shares as a factor in the selection of a broker or a dealer to execute its portfolio transactions.
Purchases and sales of fixed-income securities for a Fund usually are principal transactions and ordinarily are purchased directly from the issuer or from an underwriter or broker-dealer. Each Fund does not usually pay brokerage commissions in connection with such purchases and sales, but such transactions may be subject to mark-ups or mark-downs.
With the exception of the iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF, which incurred brokerage commissions of $100 for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2012, there were no other brokerage commissions paid on behalf of each Fund for the fiscal years ended February 28, 2013, February 29, 2012, and February 28, 2011.
The following table sets forth the names of the Funds’ “regular” broker-dealers, as defined under Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act, which derive more than 15% of their gross revenues from securities-related activities and in which the Funds invest, together with the market value of each investment as of the fiscal year ended February 28, 2013:
Fund   Issuer   Market Value of
Investment
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   Citigroup, Inc.   $ 264,561,418
    J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   255,763,891
    Morgan Stanley   219,176,954
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   197,865,997
    Bank of America Corp.   173,572,861
    Wells Fargo   133,831,527
    Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   58,313,644
    Royal Bank of Canada   55,000,504
    Credit Suisse (USA)   25,037,690
         
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF   Citigroup, Inc.   $ 5,459,582
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   5,143,683
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Fund   Issuer   Market Value of
Investment
    Wells Fargo   2,981,423
    J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   2,576,311
    Morgan Stanley   1,923,677
    Bank of America Corp.   851,171
    Credit Suisse (USA)   317,670
         
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF   Citigroup, Inc.   $ 928,905
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   659,793
    Wells Fargo   571,643
    J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   296,679
    Bank of America Corp.   102,881
    Morgan Stanley   99,140
    Credit Suisse (USA)   65,809
         
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   $ 77,465,104
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   71,754,503
    Citigroup, Inc.   61,882,934
    Morgan Stanley   55,274,126
    Wells Fargo   48,834,316
    Bank of America Corp.   30,079,192
    Credit Suisse (USA)   15,950,976
    Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   12,350,406
    Royal Bank of Canada   8,193,006
         
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF   Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   $ 24,875,576
    J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   24,707,720
    Citigroup, Inc.   21,389,944
    Bank of America Corp.   21,070,132
    Morgan Stanley   18,999,509
    Wells Fargo   15,930,278
    Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   3,498,832
    Royal Bank of Canada   2,840,516
    Credit Suisse (USA)   1,290,393
         
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF   J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   $ 1,403,998
    Citigroup, Inc.   1,079,229
    Morgan Stanley   1,020,233
    Bank of America Corp.   1,011,183
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   988,918
    Wells Fargo   950,195
    Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   237,276
    Credit Suisse (USA)   158,320
    Royal Bank of Canada   104,080
         
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   $ 77,787,418
         
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Morgan Stanley   $673,505,897
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   655,814,394
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Fund   Issuer   Market Value of
Investment
    J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   648,143,433
    Citigroup, Inc.   647,503,921
    Wells Fargo   491,762,062
    Bank of America Corp.   446,193,478
    Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   86,837,798
    Royal Bank of Canada   45,416,462
    Credit Suisse (USA)   2,757,053
         
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF   J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   $ 119,868,369
    Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   97,929,954
    Morgan Stanley   95,586,795
    Bank of America Corp.   90,978,279
    Citigroup, Inc.   79,838,812
    Wells Fargo   58,512,314
    Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   18,706,739
    Royal Bank of Canada   14,150,655
    Credit Suisse (USA)   9,346,469
         
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF   Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   $ 10,137,538
    Morgan Stanley   6,789,074
    J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   6,580,149
    Bank of America Corp.   6,186,866
    Citigroup, Inc.   5,471,000
    Wells Fargo   4,735,424
    Royal Bank of Canada   1,231,255
    Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC   1,200,532
    Credit Suisse (USA)   1,168,443
The Funds' purchase and sale orders for securities may be combined with those of other investment companies, clients or accounts that BFA or its affiliates manage or advise and for which they have brokerage placement authority. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Funds and one or more other accounts managed or advised by BFA or its affiliates are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the Funds and the other accounts in a manner deemed equitable to all by BFA and its affiliates. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as the Funds are concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower transaction costs will be beneficial to the Funds. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Funds may invest. BFA and its affiliates may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Funds with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions. The Funds will not deal with affiliates in principal transactions unless permitted by applicable SEC rules or regulations, or by SEC exemptive order.
Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. Certain Funds may use TBA transactions, which are expected to cause a higher portfolio turnover rate because TBA positions are rolled every month. High turnover rates may result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses. While each Fund's portfolio turnover rates are generally expected to be low, the portfolio turnover rate for that portion of each of the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF's and iShares MBS ETF's assets invested through TBA transactions, if any, are expected to be substantially higher because TBA positions are rolled every month. Higher turnover rates would likely result in comparatively greater transaction costs.
The table below sets forth the portfolio turnover rates of each Fund for the fiscal years noted:
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Fund   Fiscal Year Ended
February 28, 2013
  Fiscal Year Ended
February 29, 2012
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   8%   8%
iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   104%   72%
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF   51%   38%
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF   47%   65%
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF   10%   6%
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF   12%   18%
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF   19%   26%
iShares Agency Bond ETF   75%   74%
iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   6%   9%
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF   50%   12%
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF1   110%   131%
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF   10%   11%
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF   14%   27%
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   19%   13%
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   5%   4%
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF   7%   9%
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF   15%   21%
iShares MBS ETF1   581%   552%
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   9%   7%
iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   10%   19%
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   26%   19%
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF   95%   186%

1 Portfolio turnover rate includes TBA transactions, as described above.
Additional Information Concerning the Trust
Shares. The Trust currently consists of more than 230 separate investment series or portfolios called funds. The Trust issues shares of beneficial interests in the funds with no par value. The Board may designate additional iShares funds.
Each share issued by a fund has a pro rata interest in the assets of that fund. Shares have no preemptive, exchange, subscription or conversion rights and are freely transferable. Each share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by the Board with respect to the relevant fund, and in the net distributable assets of such fund on liquidation.
Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which the shareholder is entitled to vote. In any matter submitted to shareholders for a vote, each fund shall hold a separate vote, provided that shareholders of all affected funds will vote together when: (1) required by the 1940 Act, or (2) the Trustees determine that the matter affects the interests of more than one fund.
Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. The policy of the Trust is not to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. All shares (regardless of the fund) have noncumulative voting rights in the election of members of the Board. Under Delaware law, Trustees of the Trust may be removed by vote of the shareholders.
Following the creation of the initial Creation Unit(s) of shares of a fund and immediately prior to the commencement of trading in such fund’s shares, a holder of shares may be a “control person” of the fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. A fund cannot predict the length of time for which one or more shareholders may remain a control person of the fund.
In accordance with the Trust's Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 17, 2009 (the “Declaration of Trust”), the Board may, without shareholder approval (unless such shareholder approval is required by applicable law, including the 1940 Act), cause one or more funds commencing operations after September 24, 2008 (each, a
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“New Fund”) to merge, reorganize, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of their assets, or take other similar actions with, to or into another New Fund.
Shareholders may make inquiries by writing to iShares Trust, c/o BlackRock Investments, LLC, 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310.
Absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, beneficial owners of more than 5% of the shares of a fund may be subject to the reporting provisions of Section 13 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. In addition, absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, officers and trustees of a fund and beneficial owners of 10% of the shares of a fund (“Insiders”) may be subject to the insider reporting, short-swing profit and short sale provisions of Section 16 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. Beneficial owners and Insiders should consult with their own legal counsel concerning their obligations under Sections 13 and 16 of the 1934 Act.
Termination of the Trust or a Fund.  The Trust or a Fund may be terminated by a majority vote of the Board, subject to the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders of the Trust or such Fund entitled to vote on termination; however, in certain circumstances described in the Declaration of Trust, only a majority vote of the Board is required. Although the shares are not automatically redeemable upon the occurrence of any specific event, the Declaration of Trust provides that the Board will have the unrestricted power to alter the number of shares in a Creation Unit. In the event of a termination of the Trust or a Fund, the Board, in its sole discretion, could determine to permit the shares to be redeemable in aggregations smaller than Creation Units or to be individually redeemable. In such circumstance, the Trust may make redemptions in-kind, for cash or for a combination of cash or securities.
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Funds.  Shares of each Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.
DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (“DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities’ certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE, the NYSE Amex Equities and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”).
Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the shares of each Fund held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares of the Trust. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in shares of each Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
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The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants. DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to shares of the Trust at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units
General. The Trust issues and sells shares of each Fund  only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor or its agent, without a sales load, at a price based on the Fund's NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined below), of an order received by the Distributor or its agent in proper form. The following table sets forth the number of shares of a Fund that constitute a Creation Unit for such Fund and the value of such Creation Unit as of March 28, 2013:
Fund   Shares Per
Creation Unit
  Value Per
Creation
Unit (U.S.$)
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   100,000   10,538,000
iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   100,000   8,444,000
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF   100,000   12,347,000
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF   100,000   10,739,000
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF   100,000   6,054,000
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF   100,000   13,373,000
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF   100,000   11,779,000
iShares Agency Bond ETF   50,000   5,666,000
iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   50,000   5,754,000
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF   50,000   3,089,000
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   100,000   11,051,000
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF   100,000   11,239,000
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF   50,000   5,727,000
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   100,000   9,402,000
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   100,000   11,958,000
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF   100,000   11,091,000
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF   50,000   5,611,500
iShares MBS ETF   100,000   10,798,000
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   100,000   11,042,000
iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   50,000   5,545,000
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   50,000   5,319,000
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF   100,000   11,021,000
The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of shares outstanding of any Fund, and to make a corresponding change in the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit, in the event that the per share price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Board.
A “Business Day” with respect to each Fund is any day on which the Listing Exchange on which the Fund is listed for trading is open for business. As of the date of this SAI, each Listing Exchange observes the following holidays, as observed: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of Creation Units of a Fund (except for the iShares MBS ETF, which is generally offered in Creation Units solely for cash), generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) (“Deposit Securities”) and the Cash Component computed as described below. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,”
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which, when combined with a Fund’s portfolio securities, is designed to generate performance that has a collective investment profile similar to that of the Underlying Index. The Fund Deposit represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of any Fund.
The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the “Deposit Amount,” which is an amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities, and serves to compensate for any differences between the net asset value per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount. Payment of any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities are the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing a Creation Unit.
The iShares MBS ETF’s current policy is to accept cash in substitution for the Deposit Securities it might otherwise accept as in-kind consideration for the purchase of Creation Units. The iShares MBS ETF may, at times, elect to receive Deposit Securities (i.e., the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities) and a Cash Component as consideration for the purchase of Creation Units. If the iShares MBS ETF elects to accept Deposit Securities, a purchaser's delivery of the Deposit Securities together with the Cash Component will constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which will represent the consideration for a Creation Unit of the Fund. The iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF generally offers Creation Units partially for cash. Please see the Cash Purchase Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the Deposit Security method for further information on purchasing Creation Units of the Funds.
For the iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF, iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF, iShares Agency Bond ETF, iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF, iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF, iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF, iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF, iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF, iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF, iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF, iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF, iShares MBS ETF, iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF, iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF and iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF, the portfolio of securities required for purchase of a Creation Unit may not be identical to the portfolio of securities a Fund will deliver upon redemption of Fund shares (“Fund Securities”). The Deposit Securities and Fund Securities, as applicable, in connection with a purchase or redemption of a Creation Unit of a Fund, will correspond pro rata, to the extent practicable, to the securities held by such Fund.
BFA makes available through the NSCC on each Business Day prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange, the list of names and the required number or par value of each Deposit Security and the amount of the Cash Component to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information as of the end of the previous Business Day for each Fund). Such Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, to purchases of Creation Units of shares of a given Fund until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit is made available.
The identity and number or par value of the Deposit Securities change pursuant to changes in the composition of a Fund's portfolio and as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by BFA with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities constituting the relevant Underlying Index.
The Trust may require the substitution of an amount of cash (i.e., a “cash in lieu” amount) to replace any Deposit Security of the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF and iShares MBS ETF that is a TBA transaction or an interest in a mortgage pass-through security. The amount of cash contributed will be equivalent to the price of the TBA transaction or mortgage pass-through security interest listed as a Deposit Security. A transaction fee may be charged on the cash amount contributed in lieu of the TBA transaction or mortgage pass-through security.
The Funds reserve the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through DTC or the Clearing Process (as discussed below). If permitted by applicable laws to offer Creation Units of the Fund in exchange for the Fund Deposit, the Funds also reserve the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which (i) the delivery of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under applicable securities or other local laws or (ii) the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under applicable securities or other local laws, or in certain other situations. As noted above, Creation Units of the iShares MBS ETF currently are available only for cash purchases.
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Cash Purchase Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund (Creation Units of the iShares MBS ETF are generally offered solely for cash and Creation Units of the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF are generally offered partially for cash), they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a partial or full cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser.
Procedures for Creation of Creation Units. To be eligible to place orders with the Distributor and to create a Creation Unit of the Funds, an entity must be: (i) a “Participating Party,” i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC, or (ii) a DTC Participant, and must have executed an agreement with the Distributor, with respect to creations and redemptions of Creation Units (“Authorized Participant Agreement”) (discussed below). A Participating Party or DTC Participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement is referred to as an “Authorized Participant.” All shares of the Funds, however created, will be entered on the records of DTC in the name of Cede & Co. for the account of a DTC Participant.
Role of the Authorized Participant. Creation Units may be purchased only by or through a DTC Participant that has entered into an Authorized Participant Agreement with the Distributor. Such Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of such Authorized Participant Agreement and on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that such Authorized Participant will make available in advance of each purchase of shares an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component, once the net asset value of a Creation Unit is next determined after receipt of the purchase order in proper form, together with the transaction fees described below. An Authorized Participant, acting on behalf of an investor, may require the investor to enter into an agreement with such Authorized Participant with respect to certain matters, including payment of the Cash Component. Investors who are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not be a DTC Participant or may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement and that orders to purchase Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant. As a result, purchase orders placed through an Authorized Participant may result in additional charges to such investor. The Trust does not expect to enter into an Authorized Participant Agreement with more than a small number of DTC Participants. A list of current Authorized Participants may be obtained from the Distributor.
Placement of Creation Orders. Fund Deposits must be delivered through the Federal Reserve System (for cash and U.S. government securities), through DTC (for corporate and municipal securities) or through a central depository account, such as with Euroclear or DTC, maintained by State Street or a sub-custodian (a “Central Depository Account”). Any portion of a Fund Deposit that may not be delivered through the Federal Reserve System or DTC must be delivered through a Central Depository Account. The Fund Deposit transfers made through DTC must be ordered by the DTC Participant in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities through DTC to the account of the Funds generally before 3:00 p.m., Eastern time on the Settlement Date. Fund Deposit transfers made through the Federal Reserve System must be deposited by the participant institution in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number or amount of Deposit Securities or cash through the Federal Reserve System to the account of the Fund generally before 3:00 p.m., Eastern time on the Settlement Date. Fund Deposit transfers made through a Central Depository Account must be completed pursuant to the requirements established by the Custodian or sub-custodian for such Central Depository Account generally before 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on the Settlement Date. The “Settlement Date” for all funds is generally the third business day after the Transmittal Date. All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities to be delivered, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash equal to the Cash Component must be transferred directly to State Street through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner so as to be received by State Street generally before 3:00 p.m., Eastern time on the Settlement Date. If the Cash Component and the Deposit Securities are not received by 3:00 p.m., Eastern time on the Settlement Date, the creation order may be canceled. Upon written notice to the Distributor, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using a Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then current NAV of the Funds. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the third Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor, provided that the relevant Fund Deposit has been received by the Funds prior to such time.
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Purchase Orders.  To initiate an order for a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit to the Distributor or its agent an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day to receive that day’s NAV. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF and the iShares MBS ETF before 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day’s NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange or the bond markets close earlier than normal, the Funds may require orders for Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. The Distributor or its agent will notify BFA and the custodian of such order. The custodian will then provide such information to any appropriate sub-custodian. Procedures and requirements governing the delivery of the Fund Deposit are set forth in the procedures handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a creation request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request. Those placing orders to purchase Creation Units through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Distributor or its agent by the Cutoff Time (as defined below) on such Business Day.
The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the contractual settlement date, by means satisfactory to the Funds, immediately available or same day funds estimated by the Funds to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component next determined after acceptance of the purchase order, together with the applicable purchase transaction fees. Any excess funds will be returned following settlement of the issue of the Creation Unit. Those placing orders should ascertain the applicable deadline for cash transfers by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effectuating the transfer of the Cash Component. This deadline is likely to be significantly earlier than the Cutoff Time of the Funds. Investors should be aware that an Authorized Participant may require orders for purchases of shares placed with it to be in the particular form required by the individual Authorized Participant.
The Authorized Participant is responsible for any and all expenses and costs incurred by a Fund, including any applicable cash amounts, in connection with any purchase order.
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF and the iShares MBS ETF before 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day’s NAV. Creation Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor or its agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement, as described below. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or its agent or an Authorized Participant. Each Fund's deadline specified above for the submission of purchase orders is referred to as that Fund's “Cutoff Time.” The Distributor or its agent, in their discretion, may permit the submission of such orders and requests by or through an Authorized Participant at any time (including on days on which the Listing Exchange is not open for business) via communication through the facilities of the Distributor's or its agent's proprietary website maintained for this purpose. Purchase orders and redemption requests, if accepted by the Trust, will be processed based on the NAV next determined after such acceptance in accordance with each Fund's Cutoff Times as provided in the Authorized Participant Agreement and disclosed in this SAI.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units.  Subject to the conditions that (i) an irrevocable purchase order has been submitted by the Authorized Participant (either on its own or another investor's behalf) and (ii) arrangements satisfactory to the Funds are in place for payment of the Cash Component and any other cash amounts which may be due, the Funds will accept the order, subject to each Fund's right (and the right of the Distributor and BFA) to reject any order until acceptance, as set forth below.
Once a Fund has accepted an order, upon the next determination of the net asset value of the shares, the Fund will confirm the issuance of a Creation Unit, against receipt of payment, at such net asset value. The Distributor or its agent will then transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.
Each Fund reserves the absolute right to reject or revoke a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor or its agent if (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (iii) the Deposit Securities delivered do not conform to the identity and number of shares specified, as described above; (iv) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (vi) acceptance of the Fund
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Deposit would, in the discretion of the Fund or BFA, have an adverse effect on the Fund or the rights of beneficial owners; or (vii) circumstances outside the control of the Fund, the Distributor or its agent and BFA make it impracticable to process purchase orders. The Distributor or its agent shall notify a prospective purchaser of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such purchaser of its rejection of such order. The Funds, State Street, the sub-custodian and the Distributor or its agent are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification.
Issuance of a Creation Unit.  Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the applicable Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the custodian that the securities included in the Fund Deposit (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Distributor or its agent and BFA shall be notified of such delivery and the applicable Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit. Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+3 basis” (i.e., three Business Days after trade date).
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor, each Fund will issue Creation Units to such Authorized Participant, notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Fund Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities in accordance with the Funds' then-effective procedures. The only collateral that is acceptable to the Funds is cash in U.S. dollars. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on the contractual settlement date. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. Information concerning the Funds' current procedures for collateralization of missing Deposit Securities is available from the Distributor or its agent. The Authorized Participant Agreement will permit the Funds to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Funds of purchasing such securities and the cash collateral.
In certain cases, Authorized Participants may create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date and in these instances, the Funds reserve the right to settle these transactions on a net basis or require a representation from the Authorized Participants that the creation and redemption transactions are for separate beneficial owners. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by each Fund and the Fund's determination shall be final and binding.
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions.  A standard creation transaction fee is imposed to offset the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The standard creation transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant creates a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by the Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Deposit Securities to the Funds. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard creation transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge*
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   $ 500   3.0%
iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   N/A   3.0%
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $ 500   3.0%
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF   N/A   3.0%
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF   $ 300   3.0%
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $ 500   3.0%
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF   N/A   3.0%
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Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge*
iShares Agency Bond ETF   $ 100   3.0%
iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $250   3.0%
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF   $ 300   3.0%
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   $500   3.0%
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF   $500   3.0%
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF   $500   3.0%
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $500   3.0%
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $500   3.0%
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF   $500   3.0%
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF   $500   3.0%
iShares MBS ETF   $ 300   3.0%
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $400   3.0%
iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $250   3.0%
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $ 100   3.0%
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF   $250   3.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit.
Redemption of Creation Units.  Shares of a Fund may be redeemed by Authorized Participants only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Distributor or its agent and only on a Business Day. The Funds will not redeem shares in amounts less than Creation Units. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the secondary market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a Creation Unit that could be redeemed by an Authorized Participant. Beneficial owners also may sell shares in the secondary market.
The iShares MBS ETF generally redeems Creation Units solely for cash; however, the Fund reserves the right to distribute securities in-kind as payment for Creation Units being redeemed. The iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF generally redeems Creation Units partially for cash. Please see the Cash Redemption Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the in-kind method for further information on redeeming Creation Units of the Funds.
The iShares MBS ETF generally redeems Creation Units solely for cash, however, the Fund reserves the right to distribute securities in-kind as payment for Creation Units being redeemed. With respect to each Fund BFA makes available through the NSCC, prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange on each Business Day, the designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”), and an amount of cash (the “Cash Amount,” as described below). Such Fund Securities and the corresponding Cash Amount (each subject to possible amendment or correction) are applicable, in order to effect redemptions of Creation Units of a Fund until such time as the next announced composition of the Fund Securities and Cash Amount is made available. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units.
Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for a Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of Fund Securities, plus the Cash Amount, which is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the shares being redeemed, as next determined after the receipt of a redemption request in proper form, and the value of Fund Securities, less a redemption transaction fee (as described below).
The Trust may, in its sole discretion, substitute a “cash in lieu” amount to replace any Fund Security. The amount of cash paid out in such cases will be equivalent to the value of the substituted security listed as a Fund Security. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the difference is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. The iShares MBS ETF generally redeems Creation Units solely for cash. The iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF generally redeems Creation Units partially for cash.
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Cash Redemption Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified (Creation Units of the iShares MBS ETF are generally redeemed solely for cash and Creation Units of the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF are generally redeemed partially for cash), they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions thereof. In the case of partial or full cash redemption, the Authorized Participant receives the cash equivalent of the Fund Securities it would otherwise receive through an in-kind redemption, plus the same Cash Amount to be paid to an in-kind redeemer.
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions.  A standard redemption transaction fee is imposed to offset transfer and other transaction costs that may be incurred by the relevant Fund. The standard redemption transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant redeems a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by an Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from a Fund to their account on their order. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to dispose of Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Fund's standard redemption transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Fund   Standard Redemption
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge*
iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   $ 500   2.0%
iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   N/A   2.0%
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $ 500   2.0%
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF   N/A   2.0%
iShares 10+ Year Credit Bond ETF   $ 300   2.0%
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $ 500   2.0%
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF   N/A   2.0%
iShares Agency Bond ETF   $ 100   2.0%
iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $ 250   2.0%
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF   $ 300   2.0%
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF   $ 500   2.0%
iShares Core U.S. Credit Bond ETF   $ 500   2.0%
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF   $ 500   2.0%
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $ 500   2.0%
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $ 500   2.0%
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF   $ 500   2.0%
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF   $ 500   2.0%
iShares MBS ETF   $ 300   2.0%
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $ 400   2.0%
iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $ 250   2.0%
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $ 100   2.0%
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF   $ 250   2.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit, inclusive of the standard transaction fee.
Placement of Redemption Orders. Redemption requests for Creation Units of the Funds must be submitted to the Distributor by or through an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable request to redeem shares of a Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable request to redeem shares of the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF and the iShares MBS ETF before 2:00 p.m., Eastern time in order to receive that day's NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Fund may require orders to redeem Creation Units to be placed earlier that day. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a redemption request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request.
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The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption in the form required by the Funds to the Distributor or its agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement. At any time, only a limited number of broker-dealers will have an Authorized Participant Agreement in effect. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the shares to the Funds' transfer agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Funds' transfer agent the Creation Unit redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the Listing Exchange closing time on any Business Day, (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the applicable Fund is received by the Distributor or its agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified above and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement are properly followed. If the transfer agent does not receive the investor's shares through DTC's facilities by 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Business Day next following the day that the redemption request is received, the redemption request shall be rejected. Investors should be aware that the deadline for such transfers of shares through the DTC system may be significantly earlier than the close of business on the Listing Exchange. Those making redemption requests should ascertain the deadline applicable to transfers of shares through the DTC system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effecting the transfer of the shares.
Upon receiving a redemption request, the Distributor or its agent shall notify the applicable Fund and the Fund's transfer agent of such redemption request. The tender of an investor's shares for redemption and the distribution of the securities and/or cash included in the redemption payment made in respect of Creation Units redeemed will be made through DTC and the relevant Authorized Participant to the Beneficial Owner thereof as recorded on the book-entry system of DTC or the DTC Participant through which such investor holds, as the case may be, or by such other means specified by the Authorized Participant submitting the redemption request.
A redeeming Beneficial Owner or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Beneficial Owner must maintain appropriate security arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the portfolio securities are customarily traded, to which account such portfolio securities will be delivered.
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor or its agent, in the event an Authorized Participant has submitted a redemption request in proper form but is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to the Fund, at or prior to 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Listing Exchange business day after the date of submission of such redemption request, the Distributor or its agent will accept the redemption request in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing shares as soon as possible. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash, in U.S. dollars in immediately available funds, having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing shares. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the day after the date of submission of such redemption request and shall be held by State Street and marked-to-market daily. The fees of State Street and any sub-custodians in respect of the delivery, maintenance and redelivery of the cash collateral shall be payable by the Authorized Participant. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. The Authorized Participant Agreement permits the Funds to acquire shares of the Funds at any time and subjects the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the aggregate of the cost to the Funds of purchasing such shares, plus the value of the Cash Amount, and the value of the cash collateral.
Because the portfolio securities of a Fund may trade on exchange(s) on days that the Listing Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for such Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of such Fund, or purchase or sell shares of such Fund on the Listing Exchange on days when the NAV of such a Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets.
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The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to any Fund: (i) for any period during which the Listing Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the Listing Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund's portfolio securities or determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units.  An Authorized Participant generally will recognize either gain or loss upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units. This gain or loss is calculated by taking the market value of the Creation Units purchased over the Authorized Participant’s aggregate basis in the Deposit Securities exchanged therefor. However, the IRS may apply the wash sales rules to determine that any loss realized upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units is not currently deductible. Authorized Participants should consult their own tax advisors.
Current U.S. federal tax laws dictate that capital gain or loss realized from the redemption of Creation Units will generally create long-term capital gain or loss if the Authorized Participant holds the Creation Units for more than one year, or short-term capital gain or loss if the Creation Units were held for one year or less, if the Creation Units are held as capital assets.
Regular Holidays. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable non-U.S. market or U.S. bond market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a non-U.S. market or U.S. bond market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within the normal settlement period.
The  securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming investors, coupled with non-U.S. market or U.S. bond market holiday schedules, will require a delivery process longer than seven calendar days, in certain circumstances. The holidays applicable to each Fund during such periods are listed below, as are instances where more than seven days will be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed below for each Fund. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local  securities delivery practices, could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.
In calendar years 2013 and 2014, the dates of regular holidays affecting the relevant securities markets in which a Fund invests are as follows (please note these holiday schedules are subject to potential changes in the relevant securities markets):
2013
The United States
January 1 May 24* October 14 December 24*
January 21 May 27 November 11 December 25
February 18 July 4 November 28 December 31*
March 29* September 2 November 29*  

* The U.S. bond market has recommended early close.
2014
The United States
January 1 April 18 September 1 December 25
January 20 May 23* November 27 December 31*
February 17 May 26 November 28*  
April 17* July 4 December 24*  

* The U.S. bond market has recommended early close.
Taxes
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of a Fund. This summary does not address all of the potential U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to a Fund or to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special tax rules. Current and prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of investing in a Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
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Regulated Investment Company Qualification.  Each Fund intends to continue to qualify for and to elect treatment as a separate RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, each Fund must annually distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes dividends, interest and net short-term capital gains) and meet several other requirements. Among such other requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of each Fund’s annual gross income must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or non-U.S. currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than a partnership that derives 90% of its income from interest, dividends, capital gains and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income); and (ii) at the close of each quarter of each Fund’s taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of each Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited for purposes of this calculation in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer, of two or more issuers of which 20% or more of the voting stock is held by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses (other than the securities of other RICs) or the securities of one or more qualified publicly-traded partnerships.
A Fund may be able to cure a failure to derive 90% of its income from the sources specified above or a failure to diversify its holdings in the manner described above by paying a tax, by disposing of certain assets, or by paying a tax and disposing of assets. If, in any taxable year, a Fund fails one of these tests and does not timely cure the failure, that Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by that Fund in computing its taxable income.
Although in general the passive loss rules of the Internal Revenue Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly-traded partnership. A Fund’s investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly-traded partnerships, may result in the Fund being subject to state, local, or non-U.S. income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
Taxation of RICs.  As a RIC, a Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, a Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., income other than its net realized long-term capital gain over its net realized short-term capital loss), plus or minus certain adjustments, and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. A Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders. If a Fund fails to qualify for any taxable year as a RIC or fails to meet the distribution requirement, all of its taxable income will be subject to tax at regular corporate income tax rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. In such event, distributions to individuals should be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income and distributions to corporate shareholders generally should be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Although each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and its capital gains for each taxable year, each Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. Moreover, if a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a RIC. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the Fund had been liquidated) if it qualifies as a RIC in a subsequent year.
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards.  Net capital loss carryforwards may be applied against any net realized capital gains in each succeeding year, until they have been reduced to zero or until their respective expiration dates, whichever occurs first. Capital loss carryforwards from taxable years beginning after 2010 are not subject to expiration, and short-term and long-term capital loss carryforwards from such taxable years may only be applied against net realized short-term and long-term capital gains, respectively.
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In the event that a Fund were to experience an ownership change as defined under the Internal Revenue Code, the Fund’s loss carryforwards and other favorable tax attributes of a Fund, if any, may be subject to limitation.
The following Funds had tax basis net capital loss carryforwards as of February 28, 2013, the tax year-end for the Funds listed:
Fund   Non-
Expiring1
  Expiring
2014
  Expiring
2015
  Expiring
2016
  Expiring
2017
  Expiring
2018
  Expiring
2019
  Total
iShares 3-7 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $   $—   $   $   $   $   $ 1,230   $ 1,230
iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF             58,200   55,582   113,782
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF       1,890,917   3,444,435   1,159,235   9,146,794     15,641,381
iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   806,260               806,260
iShares Core Long-Term USD Bond ETF   93,609               93,609
iShares Government/Credit Bond ETF             63,109     63,109
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   6,201,770         6,496,723   177,819     12,876,312
iShares Intermediate Government/Credit Bond ETF           163,724   18,519     182,243
iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF             3,038,912     3,038,912
iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF             137,564     137,564
iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   304,106           7,250     311,356
iShares Short Treasury Bond ETF   185,357               185,357

1 Must be utilized prior to losses subject to expiration.
Excise Tax.  A Fund will be subject to a 4% excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the 12 months ended October 31 of such year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by a Fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. Each Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of this 4% excise tax.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends and other distributions by a Fund are generally treated under the Internal Revenue Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or capital gain distribution declared by a Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month shall be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year and to have been paid by the Fund not later than such December 31, provided such dividend is actually paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year.
Each Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its net tax-exempt income, investment company taxable income and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if a Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will report such retained
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amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.
Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that a Fund reports as capital gain dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. All other dividends of a Fund (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current and accumulated earnings and profits (“regular dividends”) are generally subject to tax as ordinary income.
If an individual receives a regular dividend qualifying for the long-term capital gain rates and such dividend constitutes an “extraordinary dividend,” and the individual subsequently recognizes a loss on the sale or exchange of stock in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term capital loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An “extraordinary dividend” on common stock for this purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 10% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period, or (ii) in an amount greater than 20% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.
Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds shares of the Fund as capital assets). Distributions in excess of a Fund’s minimum distribution requirements, but not in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits, will be taxable to shareholders and will not constitute nontaxable returns of capital. The Fund's capital loss carryovers, if any, carried from taxable years beginning before 2011 do not reduce current earnings and profits, even if such carryforwards offset current year realized gains. Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount. No deduction would be allowed to an investor for interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry shares of the Fund to the extent the interest deduction would relate to exempt-interest dividends received.
Beginning in 2013, a 3.8% U.S. federal Medicare contribution tax is imposed on net investment income, including, but not limited to, interest, dividends, and net gain from investments, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married filing jointly), and of estates and trusts.
Investors considering buying shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them. If a Fund is the holder of record of any security on the record date for any dividends payable with respect to such security, such dividends will be included in the Fund’s gross income not as of the date received but as of the later of (i) the date such security became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends (i.e., the date on which a buyer of the security would not be entitled to receive the declared, but unpaid, dividends); or (ii) the date the Fund acquired such security. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, a Fund may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.
In certain situations, a Fund may, for a taxable year, defer all or a portion of its net capital loss realized after October and its late-year ordinary loss (defined as the excess of post-October foreign currency and passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) losses and other post-December ordinary losses over post-October foreign currency and PFIC gains and other post-December ordinary income) until the next taxable year in computing its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, which will defer the recognition of such realized losses. Such deferrals and other rules regarding gains and losses realized after October (or December) may affect the tax character of shareholder distributions.
Sales of Shares. Upon the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund. A redemption of shares by a Fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets
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in the shareholder’s hands and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the Fund, by, or by an option on, substantially identical shares within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder with respect to such share. The Medicare contribution tax described above will apply to the sale of Fund shares.
If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of a Fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then, on or before January 31 of the following calendar year, acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain/loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis of the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents a shareholder from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting his or her investment within a family of mutual funds.
Back-Up Withholding.  In certain cases, a Fund will be required to withhold at a 28% rate and remit to the U.S. Treasury such amounts withheld from any distributions paid to a shareholder who: (i) has failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number; (ii) is subject to back-up withholding by the IRS; (iii) has failed to certify to a Fund that such shareholder is not subject to back-up withholding; or (iv) has not certified that such shareholder is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). Back-up withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability.
Sections 351 and 362.  The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, has the right to reject an order for a purchase of shares of the Fund if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of a given Fund and if, pursuant to Sections 351 and 362 of the Internal Revenue Code, that Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. If a Fund’s basis in such securities on the date of deposit was less than market value on such date, the Fund, upon disposition of the securities, would recognize more taxable gain or less taxable loss than if its basis in the securities had been equal to market value. It is not anticipated that the Trust will exercise the right of rejection except in a case where the Trust determines that accepting the order could result in material adverse tax consequences to a Fund or its shareholders. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.
Tax-Exempt Interest Income. Dividends paid by the Municipal Bond Funds that are properly reported as exempt-interest dividends will not be subject to regular federal income tax. Each Municipal Bond Fund intends to invest its assets in a manner such that dividend distributions to its shareholders will generally be exempt from U.S. federal income taxation. Dividends paid by the Fund will be exempt from federal income tax (though not necessarily exempt from state and local taxation) to the extent of the Fund’s tax-exempt interest income as long as 50% or more of the value of the Fund’s assets at the end of each quarter is invested in state, municipal and other bonds that are excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes and as long as the Fund properly reports such dividends as exempt-interest dividends.
So long as, at the close of each quarter of the taxable year of the iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF (the “California Fund”), at least 50% of the value of the California Fund’s total assets consists of obligations of the United States and the State of California and its political subdivisions, the interest on which is exempt from California personal income tax (“California Municipal Bonds”), exempt-interest dividends (i) paid by the California Fund in an amount not exceeding the interest received on such California Municipal Bonds during the California Fund’s taxable year, and (ii) designated by the California Fund as exempt-interest dividends (in a written notice mailed to the California Fund’s shareholders not later than 60 days after the close of the California Fund’s taxable year) will be treated as an item of interest excludable from income for California personal income tax purposes and corporate income tax purposes. Exempt-interest dividends paid to a corporate shareholder subject to California corporate franchise tax will be taxable as ordinary income for purposes of such tax. Distributions derived from interest on tax-exempt obligations issued by governmental authorities in states other than California or on other obligations or investments the interest on which is not exempt from California personal income tax or corporate income tax, and distributions to shareholders derived from short-term capital gains, will be taxed as ordinary
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income for California personal income tax purposes, California corporate franchise tax purposes and California corporate income tax purposes. The California Fund’s long-term capital gains for federal income tax purposes that are distributed to shareholders will be taxed as long-term capital gains to individual shareholders of the California Fund for California personal income tax purposes. Present California law, however, taxes both long-term and short-term capital gains at the rates applicable to ordinary income. Interest on indebtedness incurred or continued by a shareholder of the California Fund to purchase or carry shares of the California Fund generally will not be deductible for California personal income tax purposes or California corporate income tax purposes. It should be noted that California law deviates from the provisions of Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code, relating to regulated investment companies in certain potentially material respects.
The foregoing is a general, abbreviated summary of certain of the provisions of California law presently in effect as it directly governs the taxation of the shareholders of the California Fund. These provisions are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, and any such change may be retroactive with respect to the California Fund’s transactions. Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisors for more detailed information concerning California tax matters.
Individual shareholders of the iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF will not be required to include in their gross income for New York State and City purposes any portion of distributions received from the Fund that are directly attributable to (i) interest earned on tax-exempt obligations issued by New York State or any political subdivision thereof (including New York City) or (ii) interest earned on obligations of U.S. possessions or territories that is exempt from state taxation pursuant to federal law, provided that the Fund qualifies as a RIC and satisfies the requirement that at least 50% of its assets at the close of each quarter of its taxable year constitute such obligations. Distributions from the Fund that are attributable to sources other than those described in the preceding sentence (including interest on obligations of other states and their political subdivisions) will generally be taxable to individual shareholders as ordinary income.
Shareholders of the iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF that are subject to New York State corporation franchise tax or New York City general corporation tax will be required to include exempt-interest dividends paid by the Fund in their “entire net income” for purposes of such taxes and will be required to include their shares of the Fund in their investment capital for purposes of such taxes. If a shareholder is subject to unincorporated business taxation by New York City, income and gains distributed by the Fund will be subject to such taxation except to the extent such distributions are directly attributable to interest earned on tax-exempt obligations issued by New York State or any political subdivision thereof (including New York City). However, shareholders of the Fund will not be subject to the unincorporated business tax imposed by New York City solely by reason of their ownership of shares in the Fund. Shares of the iShares New York AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF will not be subject to property taxes imposed by New York State or City.
Interest on indebtedness incurred by shareholders to purchase or carry shares of New York Municipal Income generally will not be deductible for New York State personal income tax purposes.
Interest income on the Fund that is distributed to its shareholders will generally not be taxable to the Fund for purposes of New York State corporation franchise tax or New York City general corporation tax.
The foregoing is a general, abbreviated summary of certain of the provisions of the tax laws of New York State and City presently in effect as they directly govern the taxation of shareholders of the Fund. These provisions are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, and any such change may be retroactive with respect to New York Municipal Income transactions. Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers for more detailed information concerning New York State and City matters.
Taxation of Certain Derivatives. A Fund’s transactions in zero coupon securities, non-U.S. currencies, forward contracts, options and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on non-U.S. currencies), to the extent permitted, will be subject to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require the Fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year) and (b) may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. Each
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Fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any zero coupon security, non-U.S. currency, forward contract, option, futures contract or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC.
A Fund’s investments in so-called “section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most non-U.S. currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most security indexes, are subject to special tax rules. All section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the Fund from positions in section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the Fund.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, a Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. A Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year). The cost of any payments made by the Fund on a swap transaction will be netted pro rata against both tax exempt and taxable gross income. With respect to certain types of swaps, a Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.
Market Discount.  Any market discount recognized on a bond is taxable as ordinary income. A market discount bond is a bond acquired in the secondary market at a price below redemption value or adjusted issue price if issued with original issue discount. Absent an election by a Fund to include the market discount in income as it accrues, gain on the Fund’s disposition of such an obligation will be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain to the extent of the accrued market discount.
Non-U.S. Investments. Income (including, in some cases, capital gains) received by certain of the Funds from investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by non-U.S. countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases. If more than 50% of a Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of non-U.S. corporations, the Fund may elect for U.S. income tax purposes to treat non-U.S. income taxes paid by it as paid by its shareholders. A Fund may qualify for and make this election in some, but not necessarily all, of its taxable years. If a Fund were to make an election, shareholders of the Fund would be required to take into account an amount equal to their pro rata portions of such non-U.S. taxes in computing their taxable income and then treat an amount equal to those non-U.S. taxes as a U.S. federal income tax deduction or as a foreign tax credit against their U.S. federal income taxes. Shortly after any year for which it makes such an election, a Fund will report to its shareholders the amount per share of such non-U.S. income tax that must be included in each shareholder’s gross income and the amount which will be available for the deduction or credit. No deduction for non-U.S. taxes may be claimed by a shareholder who does not itemize deductions. Certain limitations will be imposed on the extent to which the credit (but not the deduction) for non-U.S. taxes may be claimed.
Under Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time a Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a non-U.S. currency and the time a Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. In general, gains (and losses) realized on debt instruments will be treated as Section 988 gain (or loss) to the extent attributable to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which the instruments are denominated. Similarly, gain or losses on non-U.S. currency, non-U.S. currency forward contracts, certain non-U.S. currency options or futures contracts and the disposition of debt securities denominated in non-U.S. currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss unless the Fund were to elect otherwise.
Original Issue Discount.  Original issue discount (“OID”) on tax-exempt bonds is recognized over the term of the bond and is tax-exempt to the holder of the bond. Special U.S. federal income tax rules apply to inflation-indexed bonds. Generally, all stated interest on such bonds is taken into income by a Fund under its regular method of accounting for interest income. The amount of a positive inflation adjustment, which results in an increase in the inflation-adjusted principal amount of the bond,
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is treated as original issue discount. The OID is included in a Fund’s gross income ratably during the period ending with the maturity of the bond, under the general OID inclusion rules. The amount of a Fund’s OID in a taxable year with respect to a bond will increase a Fund’s taxable income for such year without a corresponding receipt of cash, until the bond matures. As a result, a Fund may need to use other sources of cash to satisfy its distributions for such year. The amount of negative inflation adjustment, which results in a decrease in the inflation-adjusted principal amount of the bond, reduces the amount of interest (including stated, interest, OID, and market discount, if any) otherwise includible in a Fund’s income with respect to the bond for the taxable year.
Reporting. If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends paid by a Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term capital gains. Dividends paid by a Fund from net tax-exempt income or long-term capital gains are generally not subject to such withholding tax. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the U.S. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to back-up withholding at the appropriate rate.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, properly-reported dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, the Fund’s U.S. source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income); or (ii) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable year). However, depending on its circumstances, the Fund may report all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts.
In general, U.S. federal withholding tax will not apply to any gain or income realized by a non-U.S. shareholder in respect of any distributions of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses, tax-exempt interest dividends, or upon the sale or other disposition of shares of a Fund. If a Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, distributions to a non-U.S. shareholder from a Fund attributable to a REIT’s distribution to a Fund of gain from a sale or exchange of a U.S. real property interest and, in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder owning more than 5% of the class of shares throughout either such person’s holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years, the gain on redemption will be treated as real property gain subject to additional taxes or withholding and may result in the non-U.S. shareholder having additional filing requirements.
A 30% withholding tax will be imposed on dividends paid after December 31, 2013, and redemption proceeds paid after December 31, 2016, to (i) foreign financial institutions, including non-U.S. investment funds, unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders and (ii) certain other foreign entities, unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders; comply with due
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diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts; report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained; agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information; and determine certain other information as to their account holders, or (ii) in the event that an applicable intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other foreign entities will need to provide the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership, unless certain exceptions apply or agree to provide certain information to other revenue authorities for transmittal to the IRS.
Shares of a Fund held by a non-U.S. shareholder at death will be considered situated within the United States and subject to the U.S. estate tax.
The foregoing discussion is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations only and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of shares should consult their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of investing in such shares, including consequences under state, local and non-U.S. tax laws. Finally, the foregoing discussion is based on applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, judicial authority and administrative interpretations in effect on the date of this SAI. Changes in applicable authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed above, and such changes often occur.
Financial Statements
Each Fund's audited Financial Statements, including the Financial Highlights, appearing in the Annual Report to Shareholders and the report therein of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, are hereby incorporated by reference in this SAI. The applicable Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the referenced audited financial statements, is available upon request and without charge.
Miscellaneous Information
Counsel. Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, located at 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019, is counsel to the Trust.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111, serves as the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, audits the Funds' financial statements, and may perform other services.
Shareholder Communications to the Board.  The Board has established a process for shareholders to communicate with the Board. Shareholders may contact the Board by mail. Correspondence should be addressed to iShares Board of Trustees, c/o BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. – Mutual Fund Administration, 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. Shareholder communications to the Board should include the following information: (i) the name and address of the shareholder; (ii) the number of shares owned by the shareholder; (iii) the Fund(s) of which the shareholder owns shares; and (iv) if these shares are owned indirectly through a broker, financial intermediary or other record owner, the name of the broker, financial intermediary or other record owner. All correspondence received as set forth above shall be reviewed by the Secretary of the Trust and reported to the Board.
Regulation Under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive.  The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”) imposes detailed and prescriptive obligations on fund managers established in the EU (“EU Operative Provisions”). These do not currently apply to managers established outside of the EU, such as BFA. Rather, non-EU managers are only required to comply with certain disclosure, reporting and transparency obligations of AIFMD (“AIFMD Disclosure Provisions”) if such managers market a fund to EU investors.
 Where the AIFMD Disclosure Provisions relate to EU Operative Provisions that do not apply to BFA, no meaningful disclosure can be made. These EU Operative Provisions include prescriptive rules on: measuring and capping leverage in line with known European standards; the treatment of investors; the use of 'depositaries'; and coverage for professional liability risks.
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 AIFMD imposes certain conditions on the marketing of funds, such as the Funds, to EU investors. AIFMD requires that an ‘alternative investment fund manager’ (“AIFM”) be identified to meet such conditions where such marketing is sought. For these purposes BFA, as the legal entity responsible for performing the portfolio and risk management of the Funds, shall be the AIFM.
 AIFMD requires disclosure on an ongoing basis of certain information relating to the use of special arrangements, leverage, rights of reuse of collateral, guarantees granted under leverage arrangements and the use of gates, side pockets and similar liquidity management tools. Given that the Funds do not use any special arrangements or allow for collateral reuse, it is not intended that such disclosures will need to be made by the Funds. Each Fund will, however, to the extent relevant and appropriate, disclose in its annual report information on the Fund's leverage, risk profile and risk management systems employed by BFA. Each Fund will also disclose material changes, if any, to the liquidity management systems and procedures employed in respect of the Fund.
 BFA intends to market the following Funds to EU investors in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, and Luxembourg:
 iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF
iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF
iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF
iShares Intermediate Credit Bond ETF
Investors’ Rights.  Each Fund relies on the services of its investment adviser and other service providers, including the distributor, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. Further information about the duties and roles of these service providers is set out in this SAI. Investors who acquire shares of a Fund are not parties to the relevant agreement with these service providers and do not have express contractual rights against the Fund or its service providers, except certain institutional investors that are Authorized Participants may have certain express contractual rights with respect to the Distributor under the terms of the relevant authorized participant agreement. Investors may have certain legal rights under federal or state law against a Fund or its service providers. In the event that an investor considers that it may have a claim against a Fund, or against any service provider in connection with its investment in the Fund, such investor should consult its own legal advisor.
By contract, Authorized Participants irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or U.S. federal court sitting in New York City over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the authorized participant agreement. Jurisdiction over other claims, whether by investors or Authorized Participants, will turn on the facts of the particular case and the law of the jurisdiction in which the proceeding is brought.
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Appendix A
DESCRIPTION OF FIXED-INCOME RATINGS
A rating is generally assigned to a fixed-income security at the time of issuance by a credit rating agency designated as a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) by the SEC. While NRSROs may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings given to securities at issuance do not necessarily represent ratings which would be given to these securities on a particular subsequent date.
Fixed-income securities which are unrated expose the investor to risks with respect to capacity to pay interest or repay principal which are similar to the risks of lower-rated speculative bonds. Evaluation of these securities is dependent on the investment adviser’s judgment, analysis and experience in the evaluation of such securities.
Investors should note that the assignment of a rating to a security by an NRSRO may not reflect the effect of recent developments on the issuer’s ability to make interest and principal payments or on the likelihood of default.
The descriptions below relate to general long-term and short-term obligations of an issuer.
Moody’s Ratings
Long-Term Obligations
Aaa: Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa: Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba: Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative, of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
Absence of Rating: Where no rating has been assigned or where a rating has been withdrawn, it may be for reasons unrelated to the creditworthiness of the issue.
Should no rating be assigned, the reason may be one of the following:
1. An application was not received or accepted.
2. The issue or issuer belongs to a group of securities or entities that are not rated as a matter of policy.
3. There is a lack of essential data pertaining to the issue or issuer.
4. The issue was privately placed, in which case the rating is not published in Moody’s publications.
Withdrawal may occur if new and material circumstances arise, the effects of which preclude satisfactory analysis; if there is no longer available reasonable up-to-date data to permit a judgment to be formed; if a bond is called for redemption; or for other reasons.
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Short-Term Obligations
Moody’s short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations, generally with an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months.
Moody's employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
US Municipal Short-Term Debt Obligations
There are three rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered investment-grade and are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (MIG). In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated SG, or speculative grade. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation.
MIG 1: This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2: This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3: This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG: This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Standard & Poor's Ratings Services
Long-Term Obligations
AAA: An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: An obligation rated AA differs from the highest rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment is very strong.
A: An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB; B; CCC; CC; and C: Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
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B: An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C: A C rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the C rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument's terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
D: An obligation rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services believes that such payments will be made within five business days, irrespective of any grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation's rating is lowered to D upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
NR: NR indicates no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor's Ratings Services does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Note: The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Short-Term Obligations
A-1: A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2: A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3: A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C: A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D: A short-term obligation rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the due date, unless Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
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Municipal Short-Term Obligations
An S&P U.S. municipal note rating reflects Standard & Poor's Ratings Services opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating.
SP-1: Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2: Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3: Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

Fitch Ratings
Long-Term Obligations
AAA: Highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High credit quality. A ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative. BB ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B: Highly speculative. B ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC: Substantial credit risk. CCC ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
CC: Very high levels of credit risk. CC ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
C: Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. C indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned RD or D ratings, but are instead rated in the B to C rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Note: The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the AAA obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below CCC.
The subscript 'emr' is appended to a rating to denote embedded market risk which is beyond the scope of the rating. The designation is intended to make clear that the rating solely addresses the counterparty risk of the issuing bank. It is not meant to indicate any limitation in the analysis of the counterparty risk, which in all other respects follows published Fitch criteria for analyzing the issuing financial institution. Fitch does not rate these instruments where the principal is to any degree subject to market risk.
Short-Term Obligations (Corporate and Public Finance)
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A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short-term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
IS-SAI-02-0814
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iShares® Trust
Statement of Additional Information
Dated December 1, 2013
(as revised June 17, 2014)
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the current prospectus (the “Prospectus”) for the following fund of iShares Trust (the “Trust”):
Fund   Ticker   Stock Exchange
iShares MSCI Kokusai ETF (the “Fund”)   TOK   NYSE Arca
The Prospectus for the Fund is dated December 1, 2013, as amended and supplemented from time to time. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. The Financial Statements and Notes contained in the Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report of the Trust for the Fund are incorporated by reference into and are deemed to be part of this SAI. A copy of the Prospectus, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report for the Fund may be obtained without charge by writing to the Trust’s distributor, BlackRock Investments, LLC (the “Distributor” or “BRIL”), 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310, calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or visiting www.iShares.com. The Fund's Prospectus is incorporated by reference into this SAI.
iShares® is a registered trademark of BlackRock, Inc. or its affiliates.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
General Description of the Trust and the Fund 1
Exchange Listing and Trading 1
Investment Strategies and Risks 2
Borrowing 2
Currency Transactions 3
Diversification Status 3
Futures and Options 3
Illiquid Securities 4
Lending Portfolio Securities 4
Non-U.S. Securities 5
Options on Futures Contracts 5
Regulation Regarding Derivatives 6
Repurchase Agreements 6
Reverse Repurchase Agreements 7
Securities of Investment Companies 7
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments 7
Swap Agreements 8
Tracking Stocks 8
Future Developments 8
General Considerations and Risks 8
Borrowing Risk 8
Cyber Security Issues 8
Dividend Risk 8
Operational Risk 9
Risk of Derivatives 9
Risk of Equity Securities 9
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions 9
Risk of Investing in Mid-Capitalization Companies 10
Risk of Swap Agreements 10
Risk of Investing in Asia 10
Risk of Investing in Australasia 11
Risk of Investing in Europe 11
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities 11
Risk of Investing in North America 12
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group 12
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector 12
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Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector 12
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector 12
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector 13
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector 14
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector 14
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector 15
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector 15
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector 15
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector 15
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector 15
Proxy Voting Policy 16
Portfolio Holdings Information 17
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Index 18
The MSCI Indexes 18
MSCI Kokusai Index 20
Investment Limitations 21
Continuous Offering 22
Management 22
Trustees and Officers 22
Committees of the Board of Trustees 29
Remuneration of Trustees 33
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities 34
Potential Conflicts of Interest 35
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services 41
Investment Adviser 41
Portfolio Managers 42
Codes of Ethics 44
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements 44
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent 44
Distributor 45
Payments by BFA and its Affiliates 46
Determination of Net Asset Value 47
Brokerage Transactions 49
Additional Information Concerning the Trust 52
Shares 52
Termination of the Trust or the Fund 53
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Fund 53
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  Page
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units 54
General 54
Fund Deposit 54
Cash Purchase Method 55
Role of the Authorized Participant 55
Purchase Orders 55
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders 56
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units 56
Issuance of a Creation Unit 56
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions 57
Redemption of Creation Units 57
Cash Redemption Method 58
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions 58
Placement of Redemption Orders 58
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units 60
Regular Holidays 60
Redemptions 64
Taxes 67
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications 67
Taxation of RICs 67
Excise Tax 68
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards 68
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders 68
Sales of Shares 69
Back-Up Withholding 70
Sections 351 and 362 70
Taxation of Certain Derivatives 70
Qualified Dividend Income 71
Corporate Dividends Received Deduction 71
Excess Inclusion Income 71
Non-U.S. Investments 72
Passive Foreign Investment Companies 72
Reporting 72
Other Taxes 73
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders 73
Financial Statements 74
Miscellaneous Information 74
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General Description of the Trust and the Fund
The Trust currently consists of more than 235 investment series or portfolios. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on December 16, 1999 and is authorized to have multiple series or portfolios. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act” or the “1940 Act”). The offering of the Trust’s shares is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). This SAI relates solely to the Fund. On May 1, 2013, the name of the Fund changed from the iShares MSCI Kokusai Index Fund to the iShares MSCI Kokusai ETF.
The Fund is managed by BlackRock Fund Advisors (“BFA”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc., and generally seeks to track the investment results of the specific benchmark index identified in the Fund's Prospectus (the “Underlying Index”).
The Fund offers and issues shares at their net asset value per share (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of shares (“Creation Unit”), generally in exchange for a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) included in its Underlying Index (the “Deposit Securities”), together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (the “Cash Component”). Shares of the Fund are listed and trade on NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca” or the “Listing Exchange”), a national securities exchange. Shares of the Fund are traded in the secondary market and elsewhere at market prices that may be at, above or below the Fund's NAV. Shares are redeemable only in Creation Units, and, generally, in exchange for portfolio securities and a Cash Component. Creation Units typically are a specified number of shares, generally 200,000 or multiples thereof.
The Trust reserves the right to permit or require that creations and redemptions of shares are effected fully or partially in cash. Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities, subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain with the Trust a cash deposit, equal to at least 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change from time to time, of the market value of the omitted Deposit Securities. See the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Transaction fees and other costs associated with creations or redemptions that include a cash portion may be higher than the transaction fees and other costs associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. In all cases, conditions and fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of SEC rules and regulations applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.
Exchange Listing and Trading
A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in the Fund is contained in the Shareholder Information section of the Fund's Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, that section of the Prospectus.
Shares of the Fund are listed for trading, and trade throughout the day, on the Listing Exchange and other secondary markets. Shares of the Fund may also be listed on certain non-U.S. exchanges. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Listing Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of shares of the Fund will continue to be met. The Listing Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the shares of the Fund from listing if (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of Fund shares, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of shares of the Fund for 30 or more consecutive trading days, (ii) the value of the Underlying Index on which the Fund is based is no longer calculated or available, (iii) the “indicative optimized portfolio value” (“IOPV”) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available, or (iv) any other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Listing Exchange, makes further dealings on the Listing Exchange inadvisable. The Listing Exchange will also remove shares of the Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.
As in the case of other publicly-traded securities, when you buy or sell shares through a broker, you will incur a brokerage commission determined by that broker.
In order to provide additional information regarding the indicative value of shares of the Fund, the Listing Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association,
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or through other widely disseminated means, an updated IOPV for the Fund as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Trust is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IOPVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IOPVs.
An IOPV has an equity securities component and a cash component. The equity securities values included in an IOPV are the values of the Deposit Securities for the Fund. While the IOPV reflects the current value of the Deposit Securities required to be deposited in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, it does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time because the current portfolio of the Fund may include securities that are not a part of the current Deposit Securities. Therefore, the Fund’s IOPV disseminated during the Listing Exchange trading hours should not be viewed as a real-time update of the Fund’s NAV, which is calculated only once a day.
The cash component included in an IOPV consists of estimated accrued interest, dividends and other income, less expenses. If applicable, each IOPV also reflects changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the applicable currency.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the share prices of the Fund in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund or an investor's equity interest in the Fund.
Investment Strategies and Risks
The Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in securities that comprise the Underlying Index and through transactions that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index. The Fund operates as an index fund and will not be actively managed. Adverse performance of a security in the Fund’s portfolio will ordinarily not result in the elimination of the security from the Fund’s portfolio.
The Fund engages in representative sampling, which is investing in a sample of securities selected by BFA to have a collective investment profile similar to that of the Fund's Underlying Index. Securities selected have aggregate investment characteristics (based on market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability, earnings valuation and yield) and liquidity measures similar to those of the Underlying Index. A fund that uses representative sampling generally does not hold all of the securities that are in its underlying index.
Although the Fund does not seek leveraged returns, certain instruments used by the Fund may have a leveraging effect as described below.
Borrowing.  The Fund may borrow as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemptions or to facilitate the settlement of securities or other transactions. Under normal market conditions, any borrowing by the Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund’s net assets; however, the Fund generally does not intend to borrow money.
The purchase of securities while borrowings are outstanding may have the effect of leveraging the Fund. The incurrence of leverage increases the Fund’s exposure to risk, and borrowed funds are subject to interest costs that will reduce net income. Purchasing securities while borrowings are outstanding creates special risks, such as the potential for greater volatility in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the yield on the Fund’s portfolio. In addition, the interest expenses from borrowings may exceed the income generated by the Fund’s portfolio and, therefore, the amount available (if any) for distribution to shareholders as dividends may be reduced. BFA may determine to maintain outstanding borrowings if it expects that the benefits to the Fund’s shareholders will outweigh the current reduced return.
Certain types of borrowings by the Fund may result in the Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverage, portfolio composition requirements and other matters. It is not anticipated that observance of such covenants would impede BFA from managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies. However, a breach of any such covenants not cured within the specified cure period may result in acceleration of outstanding indebtedness and require the Fund to dispose of portfolio investments at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
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Currency Transactions. The Fund does not expect to engage in currency transactions for the purpose of hedging against declines in the value of the Fund's assets that are denominated in a non-U.S. currency. The Fund may enter into non-U.S. currency forward and non-U.S. currency futures contracts to facilitate local securities settlements or to protect against currency exposure in connection with its distributions to shareholders, but may not enter into such contracts for speculative purposes.
A forward currency contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract.
A currency futures contract is a contract involving an obligation to deliver or acquire the specified amount of a specific currency, at a specified price and at a specified future time. Currency futures contracts may be settled on a net cash payment basis rather than by the sale and delivery of the underlying currency. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
Foreign exchange transactions involve a significant degree of risk and the markets in which foreign exchange transactions are effected are highly volatile, highly specialized and highly technical. Significant changes, including changes in liquidity and prices, can occur in such markets within very short periods of time, often within minutes. Foreign exchange trading risks include, but are not limited to, exchange rate risk, counterparty risk, maturity gap, interest rate risk, and potential interference by foreign governments through regulation of local exchange markets, foreign investment or particular transactions in non-U.S. currency. If BFA utilizes foreign exchange transactions at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions, trends or correlations incorrectly, foreign exchange transactions may not serve their intended purpose of improving the correlation of the Fund's return with the performance of the Underlying Index and may lower the Fund’s return. The Fund could experience losses if the value of its currency forwards, options and/or futures positions were poorly correlated with its other investments or if it could not close out its positions because of an illiquid market. In addition, the Fund could incur transaction costs, including trading commissions, in connection with certain non-U.S. currency transactions.
Diversification Status.  The Fund is classified as “diversified.” With respect to 75% of the Fund's total assets, a “diversified” fund is limited by the 1940 Act such that it does not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one issuer and does not acquire more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer (excluding cash and cash items, government securities, and securities of other investment companies). The remaining 25% of the Fund's total assets may be invested in any manner.
The Fund intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”) and to relieve the Fund of any liability for U.S. federal income tax to the extent that its earnings are distributed to shareholders, provided that the Fund satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the Internal Revenue Code may limit the investment flexibility of the Fund and may make it less likely that the Fund will meet its investment objective.
Futures and Options. Futures contracts and options may be used by the Fund to simulate investment in its Underlying Index, to facilitate trading or to reduce transaction costs. The Fund may enter into futures contracts and options that are traded on a U.S. or non-U.S. exchange. The Fund will not use futures or options for speculative purposes. The Fund intends to use futures and options in accordance with Rule 4.5 of the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”). The Trust, with respect to the Fund, has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” in accordance with Rule 4.5 so that the Trust, with respect to the Fund, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific instrument or index at a specified future time and at a specified price. Stock index contracts are based on investments that reflect the market value of common stock of the firms included in the investments. The Fund may enter into futures contracts to purchase securities indexes when BFA anticipates purchasing the underlying securities and believes prices will rise before the purchase will be made. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.
A call option gives a holder the right to purchase a specific security at a specified price (“exercise price”) within a specified period of time. A put option gives a holder the right to sell a specific security at a specified exercise price within a specified period of time. The initial purchaser of a call option pays the “writer” a premium, which is paid at the time of purchase and is retained by the writer whether or not such option is exercised. The Fund may purchase put options to hedge its portfolio
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against the risk of a decline in the market value of securities held and may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities it is committed to purchase. The Fund may write put and call options along with a long position in options to increase its ability to hedge against a change in the market value of the securities it holds or is committed to purchase. Investments in futures contracts and other investments that contain leverage may require the Fund to maintain liquid assets. Generally, the Fund maintains an amount of liquid assets equal to its obligations relative to the position involved, adjusted daily on a marked-to-market basis. With respect to futures contracts that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” the Fund maintains liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market obligation (i.e., the Fund’s daily net liability, if any), rather than the contracts’ notional value (i.e., the value of the underlying asset). By maintaining assets equal to its net obligation under cash-settled futures contracts, the Fund may employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund set aside assets equal to the futures contracts’ full notional value. The Fund bases its asset maintenance policies on methods permitted by the staff of the SEC and may modify these policies in the future to comply with any changes in the guidance articulated from time to time by the SEC or its staff.
Illiquid Securities. The Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment). Illiquid securities may include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets, as determined in accordance with SEC staff guidance. The liquidity of a security relates to the ability to readily dispose of the security and the price to be obtained upon disposition of the security, which may be lower than would be obtained for a comparable more liquid security. Illiquid securities may trade at a discount to comparable, more liquid investments and may impair the Fund’s ability to dispose of investments in a timely fashion at their expected price.
Lending Portfolio Securities. The Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain borrowers determined to be creditworthy by BFA, including borrowers affiliated with BFA. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned. No securities loan shall be made on behalf of the Fund if, as a result, the aggregate value of all securities loans of the Fund exceeds one-third of the value of the Fund's total assets (including the value of the collateral received). The Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. The Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower may be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, the Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of the lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, including those affiliated with BFA; such investments are subject to investment risk.
The Fund conducts its securities lending pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC permitting it to lend portfolio securities to borrowers affiliated with the Fund and to retain an affiliate of the Fund as lending agent. To the extent that the Fund engages in securities lending, BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. (“BTC”) acts as securities lending agent for the Fund, subject to the overall supervision of BFA. BTC administers the lending program in accordance with guidelines approved by the Trust's Board of Trustees (the “Board” or the “Trustees”).
The Fund retains a portion of the securities lending income and remits a remaining portion to BTC as compensation for its services as securities lending agent. Securities lending income is equal to the total of income earned from the reinvestment of cash collateral (and excludes collateral investment fees as defined below), and any fees or other payments to and from borrowers of securities. As securities lending agent, BTC bears all operational costs directly related to securities lending. The Fund is responsible for fees in connection with the investment of cash collateral received for securities on loan in a money market fund managed by BFA; however, BTC has agreed to reduce the amount of securities lending income it receives in order to effectively limit the collateral investment fees the Fund bears to an annual rate of 0.04% until December 31, 2014 and 0.05% thereafter (the “collateral investment fees”). Such money market fund shares will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee.
Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement:
(i) Domestic Equity Funds retain 70% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
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Under the securities lending program the Fund is categorized into specific asset classes. The determination of the Fund’s asset class category (fixed income, domestic equity, international equity or fund-of-funds), each of which may be subject to a different fee arrangement, is based on a methodology agreed to between the Trust and BTC.
In addition, commencing the business day following the date that the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (as defined under “ManagementTrustees and Officers”) in a calendar year exceeds the aggregate securities lending income earned across the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex in calendar year 2013 (the “Hurdle Date”) (or lesser amount as may be agreed to by the Fund and BTC), the Domestic Equity Fund, pursuant to the securities lending agreement, will receive for the remainder of that calendar year securities lending income as follows:
(i) 75% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment fees) and (ii) this amount can never be less than 65% of the sum of securities lending income plus collateral investment fees.
Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees the Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, the Fund would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral or in recovering the loaned securities, or to a possible loss of rights in the collateral. In the event a borrower does not return the Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. This event could trigger adverse tax consequences for the Fund. The Fund could lose money if its short-term investment of the collateral declines in value over the period of the loan. Substitute payments for dividends received by the Fund for securities loaned out by the Fund will not be considered qualified dividend income. BTC will take into account the tax effects on shareholders of this difference in connection with the Fund’s securities lending program. Substitute payments received on tax-exempt securities loaned out will not be tax-exempt income.
Non-U.S. Securities. The Fund intends to purchase publicly-traded common stocks of non-U.S. issuers. To the extent the Fund invests in stocks of non-U.S. issuers, the Fund's investment in such stocks may be in the form of American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) (collectively, “Depositary Receipts”). Depositary Receipts are receipts, typically issued by a bank or trust issuer, which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For other forms of Depositary Receipts, the depository may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may be issued by a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer. Depositary Receipts are not necessarily denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs, issued in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, issued in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world.
The Fund will not invest in any unlisted Depositary Receipt or any Depositary Receipt that BFA deems illiquid at the time of purchase or for which pricing information is not readily available. In general, Depositary Receipts must be sponsored, but the Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts under certain limited circumstances. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States. Therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may be no correlation between available information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts.
Investing in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. issuers. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in non-U.S. countries, and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to less governmental regulation than U.S. issuers. Moreover, individual non-U.S. economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions.
Options on Futures Contracts. An option on a futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account that represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract
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exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential for loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option plus transaction costs. Because the value of the option is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option changes daily and that change would be reflected in the NAV of the Fund. The potential for loss related to writing call options is unlimited. The potential for loss related to writing put options is limited to the agreed upon price per share, also known as the “strike price,” less the premium received from writing the put.
The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on futures contracts that are traded on an exchange as a hedge against changes in value of its portfolio securities, or in anticipation of the purchase of securities, and may enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.
Upon entering into a futures contract, the Fund will be required to deposit with the broker an amount of cash or cash equivalents known as “initial margin,” which is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract and is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, known as “variation margin,” to and from the broker will be made daily as the price of the instrument or index underlying the futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking-to-market.” At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, the Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate the Fund’s existing position in the contract.
Regulation Regarding Derivatives. Effective December 31, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) adopted certain regulatory changes that subject registered investment companies and advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a fund invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or if the fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent the Fund uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, BFA has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the CEA pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. BFA is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of the Fund.
The Fund may also have investments in “underlying funds” not advised by BFA (which for purposes of the no-action letter referenced below may include certain securitized vehicles and/or mortgage REITS that may invest in CFTC Derivatives). BFA has no transparency into the holdings of these underlying funds because they are not advised by BFA. To address this issue of lack of transparency, the CFTC staff issued a no-action letter on November 29, 2012 permitting the adviser of a fund that invests in such underlying funds and that would otherwise have filed a claim of exclusion pursuant to Rule 4.5, to delay registration as a “commodity pool operator” until six months from the date in which the CFTC issues additional guidance on the treatment of CFTC Derivatives held by underlying funds. BFA, the adviser of the Fund, has filed a request with the CFTC for certain of the Funds to rely on this no-action relief.
Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an instrument under which the purchaser (i.e., the Fund) acquires the security and the seller agrees, at the time of the sale, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. If a repurchase agreement is construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities will not be considered to be owned by the Fund but only to constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price, and, in the event of a default by the seller, the Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or losses in connection with the disposition of the collateral.
In any repurchase transaction, the collateral for a repurchase agreement may include: (i) cash items; (ii) obligations issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities; or (iii) obligations that, at the time the repurchase agreement is entered into, are rated in the highest rating category generally by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”), or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by BFA. Collateral, however, is not limited to the foregoing and may include, for example, obligations rated below the highest category by NRSROs. Collateral for a repurchase agreement may also include securities that the Fund could not hold directly without the repurchase obligation. Irrespective of the type of collateral underlying the repurchase agreement, in the case of a repurchase agreement entered
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into by a non-money market fund, the repurchase obligation of a seller must be of comparable credit quality to securities that are rated in the highest two short-term credit rating categories by at least one NRSRO or, if unrated, deemed by BFA to be of equivalent quality.
Repurchase agreements pose certain risks for the Fund, should it decide to utilize them. Such risks are not unique to the Fund, but are inherent in repurchase agreements. The Fund seeks to minimize such risks, but because of the inherent legal uncertainties involved in repurchase agreements, such risks cannot be eliminated. Lower quality collateral and collateral with longer maturities may be subject to greater price fluctuations than higher quality collateral and collateral with shorter maturities. If the repurchase agreement counterparty were to default, lower quality collateral may be more difficult to liquidate than higher quality collateral. Should the counterparty default and the amount of collateral not be sufficient to cover the counterparty’s repurchase obligation, the Fund would retain the status of an unsecured creditor of the counterparty (i.e., the position the Fund would normally be in if it were to hold, pursuant to its investment policies, other unsecured debt securities of the defaulting counterparty) with respect to the amount of the shortfall. As an unsecured creditor, the Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment and have the characteristics of borrowing. Generally, the effect of such transactions is that the Fund can recover all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the reverse repurchase agreement, while in many cases the Fund is able to keep some of the interest income associated with those securities. Such transactions are advantageous only if the Fund has an opportunity to earn a rate of interest on the cash derived from these transactions that is greater than the interest cost of obtaining the same amount of cash. Opportunities to realize earnings from the use of the proceeds equal to or greater than the interest required to be paid may not always be available and the Fund intends to use the reverse repurchase technique only when BFA believes it will be advantageous to the Fund. The use of reverse repurchase agreements may exaggerate any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s assets. The Fund’s exposure to reverse repurchase agreements will be covered by liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than such commitments. The use of reverse repurchase agreements is a form of leverage because the proceeds derived from reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities.
Securities of Investment Companies. The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies (including money market funds) and real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) to the extent allowed by law. Pursuant to the 1940 Act, the Fund’s investment in registered investment companies is generally limited to, subject to certain exceptions: (i) 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any one investment company; (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company; and (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to investment companies in the aggregate. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, the Fund intends from time to time to invest its assets in the securities of investment companies, including, but not limited to, money market funds, including those advised by or otherwise affiliated with BFA, in excess of the general limits discussed above. Other investment companies in which the Fund may invest can be expected to incur fees and expenses for operations, such as investment advisory and administration fees, which would be in addition to those incurred by the Fund. The Fund does not intend to invest more than 5% of its total assets in investment companies.
Short-Term Instruments and Temporary Investments. The Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds (including those advised by BFA or otherwise affiliated with BFA); (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed-time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. banks (including non-U.S. branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated, at the date of purchase, “Prime-1” by Moody's® Investors Service, Inc., “F-1” by Fitch Inc., or “A-1” by Standard & Poor's® Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“Standard & Poor's Ratings Services”), or if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by BFA; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; (vi) repurchase agreements; and (vii) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of non-U.S. banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of BFA, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by the Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or forward-settled basis. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
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Swap Agreements. Swap agreements are contracts between parties in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on the change in market value or level of a specified rate, index or asset. In return, the other party agrees to make periodic payments to the first party based on the return of a different specified rate, index or asset. Swap agreements will usually be performed on a net basis, with the Fund receiving or paying only the net amount of the two payments. The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap is accrued on a daily basis and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained by the Fund.
The use of interest rate and index swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. These transactions generally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal.
Tracking Stocks. A tracking stock is a separate class of common stock whose value is linked to a specific business unit or operating division within a larger company and is designed to “track” the performance of such business unit or division. The tracking stock may pay dividends to shareholders independent of the parent company. The parent company, rather than the business unit or division, generally is the issuer of tracking stock. However, holders of the tracking stock may not have the same rights as holders of the company’s common stock.
Future Developments. The Board may, in the future, authorize the Fund to invest in securities contracts and investments, other than those listed in this SAI and in the Prospectus, provided they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and do not violate any of its investment restrictions or policies.
General Considerations and Risks
A discussion of some of the principal risks associated with an investment in the Fund is contained in the Prospectus.
An investment in the Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers of the portfolio securities, the value of stocks in general, and other factors that affect the market.
Borrowing Risk.  Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the return on the Fund’s portfolio. Borrowing will cost the Fund interest expense and other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce the Fund’s return. Borrowing may cause the Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations.
Cyber Security Issues. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, the Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cyber security failures or breaches by the Fund’s third party service providers (including, but not limited to, index providers, fund accountants and transfer agents), market makers, Authorized Participants (as defined in the Portfolio Holdings Information section of this SAI) and the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Fund has established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by issuers in which the Fund invests, market makers or Authorized Participants. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Dividend Risk. There is no guarantee that issuers of the stocks held by the Fund will declare dividends in the future or that, if declared, they will either remain at specific levels or increase over time.
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Operational Risk. BFA and the Fund’s other service providers may experience disruptions or operating errors that could negatively impact the Fund. While service providers are required to have appropriate operational risk management policies and procedures, their methods of operational risk management may differ from the Fund's in the setting of priorities, the personnel and resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. BlackRock, through its monitoring and oversight of service providers, seeks to ensure that service providers take appropriate precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to disruptions and operating errors. However, it is not possible for BlackRock or the other Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects.
Risk of Derivatives. A derivative is a financial contract, the value of which depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, a commodity (such as gold or silver), a currency or an index (a measure of value or rates, such as the S&P 500 Index or the prime lending rate). The Fund may invest in stock index futures contracts and other derivatives. Compared to conventional securities, derivatives can be more sensitive to changes in interest rates or to sudden fluctuations in market prices and thus the Fund’s losses may be greater if it invests in derivatives than if it invests only in conventional securities. Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations.
Risk of Equity Securities. An investment in the Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in equity securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of stock markets may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the portfolio securities and thus in the value of shares of the Fund). Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to increases and decreases in value as market confidence and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies, inflation and interest rates, economic expansion or contraction, and global or regional political, economic or banking crises. Holders of common stocks incur more risks than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders generally have rights to receive payments from stock issuers that are inferior to the rights of creditors, or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (the value of which, however, is subject to market fluctuations prior to maturity), or preferred stocks, which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity.
Although most of the securities in the Underlying Index are listed on a national securities exchange, the principal trading market for some of the securities may be in the over-the-counter market. The existence of a liquid trading market for certain securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made or maintained or that any such market will be or remain liquid. The price at which securities may be sold and the value of the Fund’s shares will be adversely affected if trading markets for the Fund’s portfolio securities are limited or absent, or if bid/ask spreads are wide.
Risk of Futures and Options Transactions. There are several risks accompanying the utilization of futures contracts and options on futures contracts. A position in futures contracts and options on futures contracts may be closed only on the exchange on which the contract was made (or a linked exchange). While the Fund plans to utilize futures contracts only if an active market exists for such contracts, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist for the contract at a specified time. Futures contracts, by definition, project price levels in the future and not current levels of valuation; therefore, market circumstances may result in a discrepancy between the price of the stock index future and the movement in the Fund's Underlying Index. In the event of adverse price movements, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, the Fund may be required to deliver the instruments underlying the futures contracts it has sold.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts or uncovered call options in some strategies (e.g., selling uncovered stock index futures contracts) is potentially unlimited. The Fund does not plan to use futures and options contracts in this way. The risk of a futures position may still be large as traditionally measured due to the low margin deposits required. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit. The Fund, however, intends to utilize futures and options contracts in a manner designed to limit the risk exposure to levels comparable to a direct investment in the types of stocks in which it invests.
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Utilization of futures and options on futures by the Fund involves the risk of imperfect or even negative correlation to the Underlying Index if the index underlying the futures contract differs from the Underlying Index. There is also the risk of loss of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom the Fund has an open position in the futures contract or option. The purchase of put or call options will be based upon predictions by BFA as to anticipated trends, which predictions could prove to be incorrect.
Because the futures market generally imposes less burdensome margin requirements than the securities market, an increased amount of participation by speculators in the futures market could result in price fluctuations. Certain financial futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount by which the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. In the event of adverse price movements, the Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.
Risk of Investing in Mid-Capitalization Companies. Stock prices of mid-capitalization companies may be more volatile than those of large-capitalization companies and, therefore, the Fund’s share price may be more volatile than those of funds that invest a larger percentage of their assets in stocks issued by large-capitalization companies. Stock prices of mid-capitalization companies are also more vulnerable than those of large-capitalization companies to adverse business or economic developments, and the stocks of mid-capitalization companies may be less liquid, making it more difficult for the Fund to buy and sell them. In addition, mid-capitalization companies generally have less diverse product lines than large-capitalization companies and are more susceptible to adverse developments related to their products.
Risk of Swap Agreements. The risk of loss with respect to swaps generally is limited to the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make. Swap agreements are subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will default on its obligations. If such a default occurs, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, such remedies may be subject to bankruptcy and insolvency laws which could affect the Fund’s rights as a creditor (e.g., the Fund may not receive the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive).
Risk of Investing in Asia.  Investments in securities of issuers in certain Asian countries involve risks not typically associated with investments in securities of issuers in other regions. Such heightened risks include, among others, expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, including authoritarian and/or military involvement in governmental decision-making, armed conflict and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic and/or socio-economic unrest. Many Asian economies have experienced rapid rates of economic growth and industrialization in recent years, and there is no assurance that these rates of economic growth and industrialization will be maintained.
Certain Asian countries have democracies with relatively short histories, which may increase the risk of political instability. These countries have faced political and military unrest, and further unrest could present a risk to their local economies and securities markets. Indonesia and the Philippines have each experienced violence and terrorism, which has negatively impacted their economies. North Korea and South Korea each have substantial military capabilities, and historical tensions between the two countries present the risk of war; in the recent past, these tensions have escalated. Any outbreak of hostilities between the two countries could have a severe adverse effect on the South Korean economy and securities market. Increased political and social unrest in these geographic areas could adversely affect the performance of investments in this region.
Certain governments in this region administer prices on several basic goods, including fuel and electricity, within their respective countries. Certain governments may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector in their respective countries and may own or control many companies. Future government actions could have a significant effect on the economic conditions in this region, which in turn could have a negative impact on private sector companies. There is also the possibility of diplomatic developments adversely affecting investments in the region.
Corruption and the perceived lack of a rule of law in dealings with international companies in certain Asian countries may discourage foreign investment and could negatively impact the long-term growth of certain economies in this region. In addition, certain countries in the region are experiencing high unemployment and corruption, and have fragile banking sectors.
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Some economies in this region are dependent on a range of commodities, including oil, natural gas and coal. Accordingly, they are strongly affected by international commodity prices and particularly vulnerable to any weakening in global demand for these products. The market for securities in this region may also be directly influenced by the flow of international capital, and by the economic and market conditions of neighboring countries. Adverse economic conditions or developments in neighboring countries may increase investors' perception of the risk of investing in the region as a whole, which may adversely impact the market value of the securities issued by companies in the region.
Risk of Investing in Australasia.  The economies of Australasia, which include Australia and New Zealand, are dependent on exports from the agricultural and mining sectors. This makes Australasian economies susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. Australasian economies are also increasingly dependent on their growing service industries. Australia and New Zealand are located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters, such as drought and flooding. Any such event in the future could have a significant adverse impact on the economies of Australia and New Zealand and affect the value of securities held by the Fund. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are dependent on trading with certain key trading partners, including Asia, Europe and the United States. The Australia–U.S. Free Trade Agreement has significantly expanded the trading relationship between the United States and Australia. In 2003, Australia and Singapore entered into the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (“SAFTA”). SAFTA is intended to further expand the economic relationship with Singapore, Australia’s largest trade and investment partner in Southeast Asia. Thus, economic events in the United States, Asia, or in other key trading countries can have a significant economic effect on the Australian economy. The economies of Australia and New Zealand are heavily dependent on the mining sector. Passage of new regulations limiting foreign ownership of companies in the mining sector or imposition of new taxes on profits of mining companies may dissuade foreign investment, and as a result, have a negative impact on companies to which the Fund has exposure.
Risk of Investing in Europe.  The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the “EU”) requires member countries to comply with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls, each of which may significantly affect every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro (the common currency of certain EU countries), the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in an EU member country may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners. Although certain European countries do not use the euro, many of these countries are obliged to meet the criteria for joining the euro zone. Consequently, these countries must comply with many of the restrictions noted above. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about economic downturns, rising government debt levels and the possible default of government debt in several European countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In order to prevent further economic deterioration, certain countries, without prior warning, can institute “capital controls.” Countries may use these controls to restrict volatile movements of capital entering and exiting their country. Such controls may negatively affect the Fund’s investments. A default or debt restructuring by any European country would adversely impact holders of that country's debt and sellers of credit default swaps linked to that country's creditworthiness, which may be located in countries other than those listed above. In addition, the credit ratings of certain European countries were recently downgraded. These downgrades may result in further deterioration of investor confidence. These events have adversely affected the value and exchange rate of the euro and may continue to significantly affect the economies of every country in Europe, including countries that do not use the euro and non-EU member countries. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not produce the desired results, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and other entities of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.
Risk of Investing in Non-U.S. Equity Securities.  An investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in portfolios of equity securities traded on non-U.S. exchanges. These risks include market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices. Investing in securities issued by issuers domiciled in countries other than the domicile of the investor and denominated in currencies other than an investor’s local currency entails certain considerations and risks not typically encountered by the investor in making investments in its home country and in that country’s currency. These considerations include favorable or unfavorable changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations and the costs that may be incurred in connection with conversions between various currencies. Investing in the Fund also involves certain risks and considerations
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not typically associated with investing in a fund whose portfolio contains exclusively securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include generally less liquid and less efficient securities markets; generally greater price volatility; less publicly available information about issuers; the imposition of withholding or other taxes; the imposition of restrictions on the expatriation of funds or other assets of the Fund; higher transaction and custody costs; delays and risks attendant in settlement procedures; difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations; lower liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization; different accounting and disclosure standards; lower levels of regulation of the securities markets; more substantial government interference with the economy; higher rates of inflation; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty; the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets; and the risk of war.
Risk of Investing in North America.  The United States is Canada’s and Mexico’s largest trading and investment partner. The Canadian and Mexican economies are significantly affected by developments in the U.S. economy. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) in 1994 among Canada, the United States and Mexico, total merchandise trade between the three countries has increased. To further this relationship, the three NAFTA countries entered into the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America in March 2005, which may further affect Canada’s and Mexico’s dependency on the U.S. economy. Economic events in any one North American country can have a significant economic effect on the entire North American region, and on some or all of the North American countries in which the Fund invests.
Risk of Investing in the Capital Goods Industry Group.  The capital goods industry group may be affected by fluctuations in the business cycle and by other factors affecting manufacturing demands. The capital goods industry group depends heavily on corporate spending. The capital goods industry group may perform well during times of economic expansion, and as economic conditions worsen, the demand for capital goods may decrease due to weakening demand, worsening business cash flows, tighter credit controls and deteriorating profitability. During times of economic volatility, corporate spending may fall and adversely affect the capital goods industry group. This industry group may also be affected by changes in interest rates, corporate tax rates and other government policies. Many capital goods are sold internationally and such companies are subject to market conditions in other countries and regions.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Discretionary Sector.  Companies engaged in the design, production or distribution of products or services for the consumer discretionary sector (including, without limitation, television and radio broadcasting, manufacturing, publishing, recording and musical instruments, motion pictures, photography, amusement and theme parks, gaming casinos, sporting goods and sports arenas, camping and recreational equipment, toys and games, apparel, travel-related services, automobiles, hotels and motels, and fast food and other restaurants) are subject to the risk that their products or services may become obsolete quickly. The success of these companies can depend heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. During periods of an expanding economy, the consumer discretionary sector may outperform the consumer staples sector, but may underperform when economic conditions worsen. Moreover, the consumer discretionary sector can be significantly affected by several factors, including, without limitation, the performance of domestic and international economies, exchange rates, changing consumer preferences, demographics, marketing campaigns, cyclical revenue generation, consumer confidence, commodity price volatility, labor relations, interest rates, import and export controls, intense competition, technological developments and government regulation.
Risk of Investing in the Consumer Staples Sector.  Companies in the consumer staples sector may be adversely affected by changes in the global economy, consumer spending, competition, demographics and consumer preferences, and production spending. Companies in the consumer staples sector may also be affected by changes in global economic, environmental and political events, economic conditions, the depletion of resources, and government regulation. For instance, government regulations may affect the permissibility of using various food additives and production methods of companies that make food products, which could affect company profitability. In addition, tobacco companies may be adversely affected by the adoption of proposed legislation and/or by litigation. Companies in the consumer staples sector also may be subject to risks pertaining to the supply of, demand for and prices of raw materials. The prices of raw materials fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, changes in government agricultural support programs, exchange rates, import and export controls, changes in international agricultural and trading policies, and seasonal and weather conditions. Companies in the consumer staples sector may be subject to severe competition, which may also have an adverse impact on their profitability.
Risk of Investing in the Energy Sector.  Companies in the energy sector are strongly affected by the levels and volatility of global energy prices, energy supply and demand, government regulations and policies, energy production and conservation efforts, technological change, and other factors that a company cannot control. These companies may also lack resources
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and have limited business lines. The energy sector is cyclical and is highly dependent on commodity prices; prices and supplies of energy may fluctuate significantly over short and long periods of time due to, among other things, national and international political changes, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) policies, changes in relationships among OPEC members and between OPEC and oil-importing nations, the regulatory environment, taxation policies, and the economy of the key energy-consuming countries.
Companies in the energy sector may be adversely affected by terrorism, natural disasters or other catastrophes. Companies in the energy sector are at risk of civil liability from accidents resulting in injury, loss of life or property, pollution or other environmental damage claims. Disruptions in the oil industry or shifts in fuel consumption may significantly impact companies in this sector. Significant oil and gas deposits are located in emerging markets countries where corruption and security may raise significant risks, in addition to the other risks of investing in emerging markets. Additionally, the Middle East, where many companies in the energy sector may operate, has historically and recently seen widespread social unrest.
Companies in the energy sector may also be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates, interest rates, economic conditions, tax treatment, government regulation and intervention, negative perception, efforts at energy conservation and world events in the regions in which the companies operate (e.g., expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and repatriation of capital, military coups, social unrest, violence or labor unrest). Because a significant portion of revenues of companies in this sector are derived from a relatively small number of customers that are largely composed of governmental entities and utilities, governmental budget constraints may have a significant impact on the stock prices of companies in this sector. The energy sector is highly regulated. Entities operating in the energy sector are subject to significant regulation of nearly every aspect of their operations by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Such regulation can change rapidly or over time in both scope and intensity. Stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would likely increase compliance costs and may materially adversely affect the financial performance of companies in the energy sector.
Risk of Investing in the Financials Sector.  Companies in the financials sector include regional and money center banks, securities brokerage firms, asset management companies, savings banks and thrift institutions, specialty finance companies (e.g., credit card, mortgage providers), insurance and insurance brokerage firms, financial conglomerates and foreign banking and financial companies. The global financial markets have experienced very difficult conditions and volatility as well as significant adverse trends. The conditions in these markets have resulted in a decrease in availability of corporate credit, capital and liquidity and have led indirectly to the insolvency, closure or acquisition of a number of financial institutions. These conditions have also contributed to consolidation within the financial industry. In addition, the global financial industry has been materially and adversely affected by a significant decline in the value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and by the sovereign debt crisis. The prospects of many financial companies are questionable and continue to evolve as financial companies revise their outlooks and write down assets that they hold.
Most financial companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which limits their activities and may affect their ability to earn a profit from a given line of business. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financials sector, including effects not intended by the regulation. Direct governmental intervention in the operations of financial companies and financial markets may materially and adversely affect the companies in which the Fund invests, including legislation in many countries that may increase government regulation, repatriation and other intervention. The impact of governmental intervention and legislative changes on any individual financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The valuation of financial companies has been and continues to be subject to unprecedented volatility and may be influenced by unpredictable factors, including interest rate risk and sovereign debt default. Certain financial businesses are subject to intense competitive pressures, including market share and price competition. Financial companies in foreign countries are subject to market specific and general regulatory and interest rate concerns. In particular, government regulation in certain foreign countries may include taxes and controls on interest rates, credit availability, minimum capital requirements, ban on short sales, prices and currency transfers.
The profitability of banks, savings and loan associations and financial companies is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change; for instance, when interest rates go up, the value of securities issued by many types of companies in the financials sector generally goes down. In other words, financial companies may be adversely affected in certain market cycles, including, without limitation, during periods of rising interest rates, which may restrict the availability and increase the cost of capital, and during periods of declining economic conditions, which may cause, among other things, credit losses due to financial difficulties of borrowers.
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In addition, general economic conditions are important to the operations of these companies, and financial difficulties of borrowers may have an adverse effect on the profitability of financial companies. Financial companies can be highly dependent upon access to capital markets and any impediments to such access, such as adverse overall economic conditions or a negative perception in the capital markets of a financial company’s financial condition or prospects, could adversely affect its business. Deterioration of credit markets, as experienced in 2008 and 2009, can have an adverse impact on a broad range of financial markets, causing certain financial companies to incur large losses. In these conditions, companies in the financials sector may experience significant declines in the valuation of their assets, take actions to raise capital and even cease operations. Some financial companies may also be required to accept or borrow significant amounts of capital from government sources and may face future government imposed restrictions on their businesses or increased government intervention. In addition, there is no guarantee that governments will provide any such relief in the future. These actions may cause the securities of many companies in the financials sector to decline in value.
Risk of Investing in the Healthcare Sector.  Companies in the healthcare sector are often issuers whose profitability may be affected by extensive government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising or falling costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure, an increased emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and other market developments. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection and the actual or perceived safety and efficiency of their products.
Patents have a limited duration and, upon expiration, other companies may market substantially similar “generic” products that are typically sold at a lower price than the patented product, causing the original developer of the product to lose market share and/or reduce the price charged for the product, resulting in lower profits for the original developer. As a result, the expiration of patents may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.
In addition, because the products and services of many companies in the healthcare sector affect the health and well-being of many individuals, these companies are especially susceptible to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the healthcare sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly, resulting in increased development costs, delayed cost recovery and loss of competitive advantage to the extent that rival companies have developed competing products or procedures, adversely affecting the company’s revenues and profitability. In other words, delays in the regulatory approval process may diminish the opportunity for a company to profit from a new product or to bring a new product to market, which could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Healthcare companies may also be strongly affected by scientific biotechnology or technological developments and their products may quickly become obsolete. Also, many healthcare companies offer products and services that are subject to governmental regulation and may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies or laws. Legislation introduced or considered by certain governments on any individual healthcare company or on the healthcare sector as a whole cannot be predicted. These laws and proposals span a wide range of topics, including cost control, national health insurance, incentives for compensation in the provision of healthcare services, tax incentives and penalties related to healthcare insurance premiums, and promotion of prepaid healthcare plans. No one can predict what proposals will be enacted or what potentially adverse effect they may have on healthcare-related or biotechnology-related companies.
Additionally, the expansion of facilities by healthcare related providers is subject to “determinations of need” by certain government authorities. This process not only increases the time and costs involved in these expansions, but also makes expansion plans uncertain, limiting the revenue and profitability growth potential of healthcare related facilities operators and negatively affecting the prices of their securities. Moreover, in recent years both local and national governmental budgets have come under pressure to reduce spending and control healthcare costs, which could both adversely affect regulatory processes and public funding available for healthcare products, services and facilities.
Risk of Investing in the Industrials Sector.  The value of securities issued by companies in the industrials sector may be affected by supply and demand both for their specific products or services and for industrials sector products in general. The products of manufacturing companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Government regulations, world events and economic conditions affect the performance of companies in the industrials sector. The industrials sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced by unpredictable factors. For example, commodity price declines and unit volume reductions
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resulting from an over-supply of materials used in the industrials sector can adversely affect the sector. Furthermore, companies in the industrials sector may be subject to liability for environmental damage, product liability claims, depletion of resources, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control.
Risk of Investing in the Information Technology Sector.  Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Like other technology companies, information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the information technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses. These risks are heightened for information technology companies in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Materials Sector.  Companies in the materials sector may be adversely affected by commodity price volatility, exchange rates, import controls, increased competition, depletion of resources, technical progress, labor relations and government regulations, and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control, among other factors. Also, companies in the materials sector are at risk of liability for environmental damage and product liability claims. Production of materials may exceed demand as a result of market imbalances or economic downturns, leading to poor investment returns. These risks are heightened for companies in the materials sector located in foreign markets.
Risk of Investing in the Telecommunications Sector.  The telecommunications sector of an economy is often subject to extensive government regulation. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failure to receive required regulatory approvals, or the enactment of new regulatory requirements may negatively affect the business of telecommunications companies. Government actions around the world, specifically in the area of pre-marketing clearance of products and prices, can be arbitrary and unpredictable. Companies in the telecommunications sector may experience distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in formulating new products and services using new technology. Technological innovations may make the products and services of certain telecommunications companies obsolete. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the telecommunications sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Technology Sector.  Technology companies are characterized by periodic new product introductions, innovations and evolving industry standards, and, as a result, face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Companies in the technology sector are often smaller and less experienced companies and may be subject to greater risks than larger companies; these risks may be heightened for technology companies in foreign markets. Technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of technology companies may face product obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction, changes in consumer and business purchasing patterns, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. In addition, a rising interest rate environment tends to negatively affect companies in the technology sector because, in such an environment, those companies with high market valuations may appear less attractive to investors, which may cause sharp decreases in the companies’ market prices. Companies in the technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. The technology sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced or characterized by unpredictable factors. Finally, while all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the technology sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
Risk of Investing in the Utilities Sector.  Investments in utility companies involve special considerations, including the risk of changing commodity prices, government regulation stipulating rates charged by utilities, increased tariffs, changes in tax laws, interest rate fluctuations and changes in the cost of providing specific utility services. The utilities industry is also
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subject to potential terrorist attacks, natural disasters and severe weather conditions, as well as regulatory and operational burdens associated with the operation and maintenance of nuclear facilities. Government regulators monitor and control utility revenues and costs, and therefore may limit utility profits. In certain countries, regulatory authorities may also restrict a company’s access to new markets, thereby diminishing the company’s long-term prospects.
There are substantial differences among the regulatory practices and policies of various jurisdictions, and any regulatory agency may make major shifts in policy from time to time. There is no assurance that regulatory authorities will, in the future, grant rate increases or that such increases will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on common stocks issued by a utility company. Additionally, existing and possible future regulatory legislation may make it even more difficult for utilities to obtain adequate relief. Certain of the issuers of securities held in the Fund's portfolio may own or operate nuclear generating facilities. Governmental authorities may from time to time review existing policies and impose additional requirements governing the licensing, construction and operation of nuclear power plants. Prolonged changes in climate conditions can also have a significant impact on both the revenues of an electric and gas utility as well as the expenses of a utility, particularly a hydro-based electric utility.
The rates that traditional regulated utility companies may charge their customers generally are subject to review and limitation by governmental regulatory commissions. Rate changes may occur only after a prolonged approval period or may not occur at all, which could adversely affect earnings and dividends when costs are rising. The value of regulated utility debt securities (and, to a lesser extent, equity securities) tends to have an inverse relationship to the movement of interest rates. Certain utility companies have experienced full or partial deregulation in recent years. These utility companies are frequently more similar to industrial companies in that they are subject to greater competition and have been permitted by regulators to diversify outside of their original geographic regions and their traditional lines of business. As a result, some companies may be forced to defend their core business and may be less profitable.
Proxy Voting Policy
The Trust has adopted proxy voting policies for the Fund that incorporate and amplify the proxy voting guidelines of BFA, the investment adviser to the Fund. The Trust has delegated to BFA the responsibility for voting proxies on the portfolio securities held by the Fund. The remainder of this section discusses the Fund’s proxy voting guidelines and BFA’s role in implementing such guidelines.
BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies for the Fund in a manner that BFA, in the exercise of its independent business judgment, concludes is in the best economic interests of the Fund. In some cases, BFA may determine that it is in the best economic interests of the Fund to refrain from exercising the Fund’s proxy voting rights (such as, for example, proxies on certain non-U.S. securities that might impose costly or time-consuming in-person voting requirements). With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, BFA’s approach is also driven by the Fund's economic interests. The evaluation of the economic desirability of recalling loans involves balancing the revenue-producing value of loans against the likely economic value of casting votes. Based on our evaluation of this relationship, we believe that the likely economic value of casting a vote generally is less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by BFA recalling loaned securities in order to ensure they are voted. Periodically, BFA analyzes the process and benefits of voting proxies for securities on loan, and will consider whether any modification of its proxy voting policies or procedures are necessary in light of any regulatory changes. BFA will normally vote on specific proxy issues in accordance with its proxy voting guidelines. BFA’s proxy voting guidelines provide detailed guidance as to how to vote proxies on certain important or commonly raised issues. BFA may, in the exercise of its business judgment, conclude that the proxy voting guidelines do not cover the specific matter upon which a proxy vote is requested, or that an exception to the proxy voting guidelines would be in the best economic interests of the Fund. BFA votes (or refrains from voting) proxies without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of such issuer) to the Fund, the Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates, or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates. When voting proxies, BFA attempts to encourage issuers to follow practices that enhance shareholder value and increase transparency and allow the market to place a proper value on their assets. With respect to certain specific issues:
The Fund generally supports the board’s nominees in the election of directors and generally supports proposals that strengthen the independence of boards of directors;
Where a director has committed himself or herself to service on more than four public company boards (but no
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  more than six public company boards in most circumstances), the Fund will consider such director’s individual circumstances in determining whether the director will be able to commit sufficient focus and time to a particular company;
The Fund generally defers to an issuer’s choice of auditors so long as the corporate auditors represent the interests of shareholders and provide an independent view of the propriety of financial reporting decisions of management;
The Fund generally favors disclosure of a company’s compensation and benefits policies and opposes excessive compensation, but believes that compensation matters are normally best determined by a company’s board of directors;
The Fund generally expects to support capital structure requests that it believes enhance the rights of common shareholders and oppose requests that appear to be unreasonably dilutive;
The Fund generally does not support proposals on social issues that lack a demonstrable economic benefit to the issuer and the Fund investing in such issuer; and
The Fund generally votes against anti-takeover proposals and proposals that would create additional barriers or costs to corporate transactions that are likely to deliver a premium to shareholders.
BFA maintains institutional policies and procedures that are designed to prevent any relationship between the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder of the issuer) and the Fund, the Fund’s affiliates (if any), BFA or BFA’s affiliates (if any) or the Distributor or the Distributor’s affiliates, from having undue influence on BFA’s proxy voting activity. In certain instances, BFA may determine to engage an independent fiduciary to vote proxies as a further safeguard against potential conflicts of interest or as otherwise required by applicable law. The independent fiduciary may either vote such proxies or provide BFA with instructions as to how to vote such proxies. In the latter case, BFA votes the proxy in accordance with the independent fiduciary’s determination.
Information with respect to how BFA voted proxies relating to the Fund's portfolio securities during the 12-month period ending June 30 is available: (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or through the Fund's website at www.iShares.com; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of the Fund's portfolio holdings information that requires that such information be disclosed in a manner that: (i) is consistent with applicable legal requirements and in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders; (ii) does not put the interests of BFA, the Distributor or any affiliated person of BFA or the Distributor, above those of Fund shareholders; (iii) does not advantage any current or prospective Fund shareholders over any other current or prospective Fund shareholders, except to the extent that certain Entities (as described below) may receive portfolio holdings information not available to other current or prospective Fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units, as discussed below, and certain information may be provided to personnel of BFA and its affiliates who manage funds that invest a significant percentage of their assets in shares of the Fund for the purpose of facilitating risk management and hedging activities; and (iv) does not provide selective access to portfolio holdings information except pursuant to the procedures outlined below and to the extent appropriate confidentiality arrangements limiting the use of such information are in effect. The “Entities” referred to in sub-section (iii) above are generally limited to National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) members, subscribers to various fee-based subscription services, large institutional investors (known as “Authorized Participants”) that have been authorized by the Distributor to purchase and redeem large blocks of shares pursuant to legal requirements and market makers and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information or transactional services.
Each business day, the Fund's portfolio holdings information is provided to the Distributor or other agent for dissemination through the facilities of the NSCC and/or other fee-based subscription services to NSCC members and/or subscribers to those other fee-based subscription services, including market makers and Authorized Participants, and to entities that publish and/or analyze such information in connection with the process of purchasing or redeeming Creation Units or trading shares of the Fund in the secondary market or evaluating such potential transactions. This information typically reflects the Fund’s anticipated holdings on the following business day.
Daily access to information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings is permitted (i) to certain personnel of those service providers that are involved in portfolio management and providing administrative, operational, risk management, or other
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support to portfolio management; and (ii) to other personnel of the Funds' investment adviser and the Distributor and their affiliates, and the administrator, custodian and fund accountant who deal directly with or assist in, functions related to investment management, distribution, administration, custody, securities lending and fund accounting, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with agreements with the Fund and the terms of the Fund's current registration statement. In addition, the Fund discloses its portfolio holdings and the percentages they represent of the Fund's net assets at least monthly, and as often as each day the Fund is open for business, at www.iShares.com. More information about this disclosure is available at www.iShares.com.
Portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Fund in the ordinary course of business after it has been disseminated to the NSCC. From time to time, information concerning portfolio holdings other than portfolio holdings information made available in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, may be provided to other entities that provide services to the Fund, including rating or ranking organizations, in the ordinary course of business, no earlier than one business day following the date of the information.
The Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings schedule in public filings with the SEC within 70 days after the end of each fiscal quarter and will provide that information to shareholders as required by federal securities laws and regulations thereunder. The Fund may, however, voluntarily disclose all or part of its portfolio holdings other than in connection with the creation/redemption process, as discussed above, in advance of required filings with the SEC, provided that such information is made generally available to all shareholders and other interested parties in a manner that is consistent with the above policy for disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Such information may be made available through a publicly-available website or other means that make the information available to all likely interested parties contemporaneously.
The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information pursuant to the above policy and procedures.
The Board reviews the policy and procedures for disclosure of portfolio holdings information at least annually.
Construction and Maintenance of the Underlying Index
A description of the Underlying Index is provided below.
The MSCI Indexes
The MSCI indexes were founded in 1969 by Capital International S.A. as the first international performance benchmarks constructed to facilitate accurate comparison of world markets. The MSCI single country standard equity indexes have covered the world's developed markets since 1969 and in 1987 MSCI commenced coverage of emerging markets.
Local stock exchanges traditionally calculated their own indexes, which were generally not comparable with one another due to differences in the representation of the local market, mathematical formulas, base dates and methods of adjusting for capital changes. MSCI, however, applies the same calculation methodology to all markets for all single country standard equity indexes, both developed and emerging.
MSCI's Global Investable Market Indexes (the “MSCI GIMI”) provide exhaustive coverage and non-overlapping market segmentation by market capitalization size and by style. The MSCI GIMI intends to target approximately 99% coverage of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in each market of large-, mid- and small-cap securities.
MSCI Global Standard Indexes cover all investable large- and mid-cap securities by including approximately 85% of each market's free float-adjusted market capitalization.
MSCI Global Small Cap Indexes provide coverage to all companies with a market capitalization below that of the companies in the MSCI Global Standard Indexes by including above and beyond the coverage of the MSCI Global Standard Indexes.
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MSCI Global Investable Market Indexes
Selection Criteria. MSCI's index construction process involves: (i) defining the equity universe; (ii) determining the market investable equity universe for each market; (iii) determining market capitalization size segments for each market; (iv) applying final size segment investability requirements; and (v) applying index continuity rules for the MSCI Global Standard Index.
Defining the Equity Universe. MSCI begins with securities listed in countries in the MSCI GIMI. Of these countries, as of June 28, 2013, 24 are classified as developed markets, 21 as emerging markets, and 25 as frontier markets. All listed equity securities and listed securities that exhibit characteristics of equity securities, except mutual funds, exchange traded funds, equity derivatives, limited partnerships and most investment trusts, are eligible for inclusion in the equity universe. REITs in some countries and certain income trusts in Canada are also eligible for inclusion. Each company and its securities (i.e., share classes) are classified in only one country.
Determining the Market Investable Equity Universe for Each Market. The equity universe in any market is derived by applying investability screens to individual companies and securities in the equity universe of that market. Some investability requirements are applied at the individual security level and some at the overall company level, represented by the aggregation of individual securities of the company. As a result, the inclusion or exclusion of one security does not imply the automatic inclusion or exclusion of other securities of the same company.
Determining Market Capitalization Size Segments for Each Market. In each market, MSCI creates an Investable Market Index, Standard Index, Large Cap Index, Mid Cap Index and Small Cap Index. The MSCI Global Standard Index is the aggregation of the Large Cap Index and Mid Cap Index. The MSCI GIMI is the aggregation of the MSCI Global Standard Index and MSCI Global Small Cap Index. In order to create size components that can be meaningfully aggregated into composites, individual market size segments balance the following two objectives:
Achieving global size integrity by ensuring that companies of comparable and relevant sizes are included in a given size segment across all markets in a composite index; and
Achieving consistent market coverage by ensuring that each market's size segment is represented in its proportional weight in the composite universe.
Applying Final Size Segment Investability Requirements. In order to enhance replicability of the indexes, additional size segment investability requirements are set for the MSCI GIMI and MSCI Global Standard Index. These investability requirements include minimum free float-adjusted market capitalization, minimum liquidity, minimum foreign limits and minimum length of trading.
Applying Index Continuity Rules for the Standard Index. In order to achieve index continuity as well as provide some basic level of diversification within a market index, notwithstanding the effect of other index construction rules contained herein, a minimum number of five constituents will be maintained for a developed market Standard Index and a minimum number of three constituents will be maintained for an emerging market Standard Index.
Weighting. All indexes of the MSCI GIMI are free float weighted, i.e., companies are included in the indexes at the value of their free public float (free float multiplied by security price).
Regional Weights. Market capitalization weighting, combined with a consistent target of approximately 99% of free float-adjusted market capitalization, helps ensure that each country's weight in regional and international indexes approximates its weight in the total universe of developing and emerging markets. A market is equivalent to a single country except for developed Europe, where all markets are aggregated into a single market for index construction purposes. Individual country indexes of the European developed markets are derived from the constituents of the MSCI GIMI Europe Index.
Free Float. MSCI defines the free float of a security as the proportion of shares outstanding that are deemed to be available for purchase in the public equity markets by international investors. In practice, limitations on free float available to international investors include: (i) strategic and other shareholdings not considered part of available free float; and (ii) limits on share ownership for foreigners.
Under MSCI's free float-adjustment methodology, a constituent's inclusion factor is equal to its estimated free float rounded-up to the closest 5% for constituents with free float equal to or exceeding 15%. For example, a constituent security with a
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free float of 23.2% will be included in the index at 25% of its market capitalization. For securities with a free float of less than 15%, the estimated free float is adjusted to the nearest 1%.
Price and Exchange Rates
Prices. The prices used to calculate all MSCI indexes are the official exchange closing prices or those figures accepted as such. MSCI reserves the right to use an alternative pricing source on any given day.
Exchange Rates. Since July 2000, MSCI uses the WM/Reuters Closing Spot Rates taken at 4:00 p.m. London time. In case WM/Reuters does not provide rates for specific markets on given days (for example, Christmas Day and New Year's Day), the previous business day's rates are normally used. MSCI independently monitors the exchange rates on all its indexes. MSCI may under exceptional circumstances elect to use alternative sources of exchange rates if the WM/Reuters rates are not available, or if MSCI determines that the WM/Reuters rates are not reflective of market circumstances for a given currency on a particular day. In such circumstances, an announcement would be sent to clients with the related information. If appropriate, MSCI may conduct a consultation with the investment community to gather feedback on the most relevant exchange rate.
Changes to the Indexes. The MSCI GIMI is maintained with the objective of reflecting, on a timely basis, the evolution of the underlying equity markets. In maintaining the MSCI indexes, emphasis is also placed on continuity, replicability and minimizing turnover in the indexes. Maintaining the MSCI indexes involves many aspects, including (i) additions to, and deletions from, the indexes; (ii) changes in number of shares; and (iii) changes in inclusion factors as a result of updated free float estimates.
Index maintenance can be described by three broad categories of changes:
Semi-Annual Index Reviews (“SAIRs”), conducted on a fixed semi-annual timetable that systematically reassess the various dimensions of the equity universe for all markets;
Quarterly Index Reviews (“QIRs”), aimed at promptly reflecting other significant market events; and
Ongoing event-related changes, such as mergers, acquisitions, spin-offs, bankruptcies, reorganizations and other similar corporate events, which generally are implemented in the indexes as they occur.
Potential changes in the status of countries (stand-alone, frontier, emerging and developed) follow their own implementation time tables.
MSCI conducts SAIRs generally as of the close of the last business day of May and November. During the SAIRs, MSCI updates the investable equity universe and reassesses size segmentation investability requirements. MSCI also conducts QIRs generally as of the close of the last business day of February and August. During the QIRs, MSCI reflects changes in the index that were not captured at the time of their actual occurrence, but are significant enough to be included before the next SAIR. The results of the SAIR and QIR are generally announced at least ten business days in advance of implementation.
MSCI 25/50 Indexes
Each of the MSCI 25/50 Indexes (the “25/50 Indexes”) is a sub-index of either an MSCI Global Standard Index or an MSCI GIMI. Their construction reflects the diversification requirements applicable to RICs pursuant to Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. The 25/50 Indexes are free float-adjusted market capitalization-weighted indexes with a capping methodology applied to issuer weights so that no single issuer of a component exceeds 25% of index weight and all issuers with a weight above 5% do not exceed 50% of the index weight. A software application called the Barra Optimizer is utilized to calculate the capped index weights through an optimization function which is aimed at minimizing index turnover, tracking error and extreme deviation from the uncapped index.
MSCI Kokusai Index
Number of Components: approximately 1,286
The MSCI Kokusai Index is designed to measure equity market performance in the countries that MSCI has classified as having developed economies, excluding Japan.
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Additional Information. MSCI and MSCI Kokusai Index are servicemarks of MSCI Inc. and have been licensed for use by BFA or its affiliates. The Fund is neither sponsored, endorsed, sold nor promoted by MSCI Inc., and MSCI Inc. makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the Fund.
Investment Limitations
The Fund has adopted its investment objective as a non-fundamental investment policy. Therefore, the Fund may change its investment objective and its Underlying Index without shareholder approval. The Board has adopted as fundamental policies the following numbered investment restrictions, which cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. A vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a fund meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy and (b) more than 50% of outstanding voting securities of the fund.
The Fund will not:
1. Concentrate its investments (i.e., invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries), except that the Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that the Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities, and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry.
2. Borrow money, except that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests which might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities; and (ii) the Fund may, to the extent consistent with its investment policies, enter into repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions and similar investment strategies and techniques. To the extent that it engages in transactions described in (i) and (ii), the Fund will be limited so that no more than 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) is derived from such transactions. Any borrowings which come to exceed this amount will be reduced in accordance with applicable law.
3. Issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
4. Make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.
5. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this restriction shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or securities or other instruments backed by real estate or mortgages), or commodities or commodity contracts (but this restriction shall not prevent the Fund from trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including options on currencies to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies).
6. Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that the Fund may technically be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, in disposing of portfolio securities.
In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies set forth above, the Fund has adopted a non-fundamental policy not to invest in the securities of a company for the purpose of exercising management or control, or purchase or otherwise acquire any illiquid security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, which currently permits up to 15% of the Fund’s net assets to be invested in illiquid securities (calculated at the time of investment).
BFA monitors the liquidity of restricted securities in the Fund’s portfolio. In reaching liquidity decisions, BFA considers the following factors:
The frequency of trades and quotes for the security;
The number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers;
Dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and
The nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace in which it trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer).
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If any percentage restriction described above is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in values of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction, except that certain percentage limitations will be observed continuously in accordance with applicable law.
The Fund has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy in accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of the Underlying Index or in Depositary Receipts representing securities in the Underlying Index. The Fund also has adopted a non-fundamental policy to provide its shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior written notice of any change in such policy. If, subsequent to an investment, the 80% requirement is no longer met, the Fund’s future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Fund into compliance with this policy.
The Fund may not purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. As a matter of policy, however, the Fund will not purchase shares of any registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust, in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) (the “fund of funds” provisions) of the Investment Company Act, at any time the Fund has knowledge that its shares are purchased by another investment company investor in reliance on the provisions of subparagraph (G) of Section 12(d)(1).
The Fund has adopted a non-fundamental limitation such that, under normal market conditions, any borrowings by the Fund will not exceed 10% of the Fund's net assets.
Continuous Offering
The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Fund on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares and sells such shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act must take into account all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.
Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to shares of the Fund are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the 1933 Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the 1933 Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Listing Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Listing Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is available only with respect to transactions on an exchange.
Management
Trustees and Officers.  The Board has responsibility for the overall management and operations of the Fund, including general supervision of the duties performed by BFA and other service providers. Each Trustee serves until he or she resigns, is removed, dies, retires or becomes incapacitated. The President, Chief Compliance Officer, Treasurer and Secretary shall each hold office until their successors are chosen and qualified, and all other officers shall hold office until he or she resigns or is removed. Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust are referred to as independent trustees (“Independent Trustees”).
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The registered investment companies advised by BFA or its affiliates are organized into one complex of closed-end funds, two complexes of open-end funds and one complex of exchange-traded funds (“Exchange-Traded Fund Complex”) (each, a “BlackRock Fund Complex”). The Fund is included in the BlackRock Fund Complex referred to as the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. Each Trustee also serves as a Director of iShares, Inc., a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and, as a result, oversees a total of 300 funds within the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex. With the exception of Robert S. Kapito, the address of each Trustee and officer is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. The address of Mr. Kapito is c/o BlackRock, Inc., Park Avenue Plaza, 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055. The Board has designated Robert H. Silver as its Independent Chairman. Additional information about the Fund's Trustees and officers may be found in this SAI, which is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737).
Interested Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert S. Kapito1
(56)
  Trustee
(since 2009).
  President and Director, BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006); Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc. and Head of BlackRock’s Portfolio Management Group (since its formation in 1998) and BlackRock’s predecessor entities (since 1988); Trustee, University of Pennsylvania (since 2009); President of Board of Directors, Hope & Heroes Children’s Cancer Fund (since 2002); President of the Board of Directors, Periwinkle Theatre for Youth (since 1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2009); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of BlackRock, Inc. (since 2006).
Michael Latham2
(48)
  Trustee
(since 2010);
President
(since 2007).
  Chairman of iShares, BlackRock (since 2011); Global Chief Executive Officer of iShares, BlackRock (2010-2011); Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Americas iShares, Barclays Global Investors (“BGI”) (2007-2009); Director and Chief Financial Officer of Barclays Global Investors International, Inc. (2005-2009); Chief Operating Officer of the Intermediary Investor and Exchange-Traded Products Business of BGI (2003-2007).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2010); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).

1 Robert S. Kapito is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc.
2 Michael Latham is deemed to be an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust due to his affiliations with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates.
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Independent Trustees
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Robert H. Silver
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2007); Independent Chairman
(since 2012).
  President and Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group, Inc. (since 2006); Director and Vice Chairman of the YMCA of Greater NYC (2001-2011); Broadway Producer (2006-2011); Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. (since 2008); Director and Member of the Audit and Compensation Committee of EPAM Systems, Inc. (2006-2009); President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.) (2003-2005) and various executive positions with UBS and its affiliates (1988-2005); CPA and Audit Manager of KPMG, LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) (1977-1983).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2007); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Independent Chairman of iShares, Inc., iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. and iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2012).
George G.C. Parker
(74)
  Trustee
(since 2000).
  Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (Professor since 1973; Emeritus since 2006).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2002); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Tejon Ranch Company (since 1999); Director of Threshold Pharmaceuticals (since 2004); Director of Colony Financial, Inc. (since 2009); Director of First Republic Bank (since 2010).
John E. Martinez
(52)
  Trustee
(since 2003);
Securities Lending Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.) (since 2005).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2003); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Cecilia H. Herbert
(64)
  Trustee
(since 2005); Nominating and Governance Committee Chair and Equity Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Director (since 1998) and President (2007-2011) of the Board of Directors, Catholic Charities CYO; Trustee (2002-2011) and Chair of the Finance and Investment Committee (2006-2010) the Thacher School; Member (since 1994) and Chair (1994-2005) of the Investment Committee, Archdiocese of San Francisco; Trustee and Member of the Investment Committee, WNET, the New York public broadcasting company (since 2011).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of Forward Funds (34 portfolios) (since 2009).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
  Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Charles A. Hurty
(70)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Audit Committee Chair
(since 2006).
  Retired; Partner, KPMG LLP (1968-2001).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011); Director of GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund (1 portfolio) (since 2002); Director of SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (2 portfolios) (since 2002).
John E. Kerrigan
(58)
  Trustee
(since 2005);
Fixed Income Plus Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University (since 2002).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2005); Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2010); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Madhav V. Rajan
(49)
  Trustee
(since 2011);
15(c) Committee Chair
(since 2012).
  Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting and Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Head of MBA Program, Stanford University Graduate School of Business (since 2001); Professor of Law (by courtesy), Stanford Law School (since 2005); Visiting Professor, University of Chicago (2007-2008).   Director of iShares, Inc. (since 2011);
Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. (since 2011); Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust (since 2011).
Officers
Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Jack Gee
(54)
  Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(since 2008).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Senior Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2009); Director of Fund Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2004-2009).
Eilleen M. Clavere
(61)
  Secretary
(since 2007).
  Director of Global Fund Administration, BlackRock (since 2009); Director of Legal Administration of Intermediary Investor Business, BGI (2006-2009); Legal Counsel and Vice President of Atlas Funds, Atlas Advisers, Inc. and Atlas Securities, Inc. (2005-2006); Counsel at Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP (2001-2005).
Edward B. Baer
(45)
  Vice President and Chief Legal Officer
(since 2012).
  Managing Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (since 2006); Director of Legal & Compliance, BlackRock (2004-2006).
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Name (Age)   Position   Principal Occupation(s)
During the Past 5 Years
Scott Radell
(44)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2012).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Portfolio Solutions, BGI (2007-2009); Credit Portfolio Manager, BGI (2005-2007); Credit Research Analyst, BGI (2003-2005).
Amy Schioldager
(51)
  Executive Vice President
(since 2007).
  Senior Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Global Head of Index Equity, BGI (2008-2009); Global Head of U.S. Indexing, BGI (2006-2008); Head of Domestic Equity Portfolio Management, BGI (2001-2006).
Ira P. Shapiro
(50)
  Vice President
(since 2007).
  Managing Director, BlackRock (since 2009); Head of Strategic Product Initiatives for iShares (since 2012); Chief Legal Officer, Exchange-Traded Fund Complex (2007-2012); Associate General Counsel, BGI (2004-2009).
The Board has concluded that, based on each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, each Trustee should serve as a Trustee of the Board. Among the attributes common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Fund's investment adviser, other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. A Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively may have been attained through the Trustee’s educational background or professional training; business, consulting, public service or academic positions; experience from service as a Board member of the Fund and the other funds in the Trust (and any predecessor funds), other investment funds, public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences. Also, set forth below is a brief discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Trustee that led the Board to conclude that he or she should serve as a Trustee.
Robert Kapito has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2009. Mr. Kapito has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2009, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and a Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2006. In addition, he has over 20 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Mr. Kapito serves as President and Director of BlackRock, Inc., and is the Chairman of the Operating Committee, a member of the Office of the Chairman, the Leadership Committee and the Corporate Council. He is responsible for day-to-day oversight of BlackRock's key operating units, including the Account Management and Portfolio Management Groups, Real Estate Group and BlackRock Solutions®. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in 2007, Mr. Kapito served as Head of BlackRock's Portfolio Management Group. In that role, he was responsible for overseeing all portfolio management within BlackRock, including the Fixed Income, Equity, Liquidity, and Alternative Investment Groups. Mr. Kapito serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. He has also been President of the Board of Directors for the Hope & Heroes Children's Cancer Fund since 2002 and President of the Board of Directors for Periwinkle Theatre for Youth, a national non-profit arts-in-education organization, since 1983. Mr. Kapito earned a BS degree in economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979, and an MBA degree from Harvard Business School in 1983.
Michael Latham has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2010 and President of the Trust since 2007. Mr. Latham served as Principal Financial Officer of the Trust from 2002 until 2007. Mr. Latham has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2010, President of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Principal Financial Officer of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2007, a Director and President of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, and a Trustee and President of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. Mr.
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Latham is the Chairman of BlackRock’s iShares exchange-traded fund business. In addition, he has over 15 years of experience as part of BlackRock, Inc. and BlackRock’s predecessor entities. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities in September 2011, he was the global head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business. Prior to April 2009, he was head of BlackRock's iShares exchange-traded fund business for the United States and Canada, and Chief Operating Officer for the U.S. iShares business. He previously held a variety of operating positions within the firm. Mr. Latham earned a BS degree in business administration from California State University at San Francisco in 1988.
Robert H. Silver has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2007 and Chairman of the Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2007, Chairman of iShares, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chairman of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chairman of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board since 2012. Mr. Silver is President and a Co-Founder of The Bravitas Group Inc., a firm dedicated to advising and investing in emerging business enterprises and to supporting philanthropic activities that benefit under-served urban youth. Previously, Mr. Silver served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of UBS Financial Services Inc. (formerly Paine Webber Inc.), the registered broker dealer comprising the Wealth Management USA business unit of UBS AG, including the following responsibilities: President of Paine Webber Services, Director of Retail Products and Marketing, Director of Private Client Group Branch Offices, Director of Finance and Controls for Paine Webber, Inc. and Chief Administrative Officer for Paine Webber Private Client Group. Mr. Silver also served on the Board of Directors of EPAM Systems, Inc., a provider of software engineering outsourcing services in Central and Eastern Europe, served on the Board and Executive Committee of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), chaired the National Securities Clearing Corporations’ Membership and Risk Committee and served as Governor of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. In addition, Mr. Silver was a Vice Chairman and a Member of the Board of Directors for the YMCA of Greater New York and chaired its Fund Development Committee from 2001 until 2011 and Co-Founder and Vice President of Parentgiving Inc. since 2008. Mr. Silver began his career as a CPA and Audit Manager at KPMG LLP (formerly Peat Marwick Mitchell) from 1977 until 1983. Mr. Silver has a BS degree in business administration from the University of North Carolina.
George G.C. Parker has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2000. Mr. Parker served as Chair of the Trust's Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Trustee of the Trust from 2006 until 2010 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2002 until 2010. Mr. Parker has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2002, Chair of iShares, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, Lead Independent Director of iShares, Inc. from 2006 until 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2002 until 2010, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.'s Board from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of iShares U.S. ETF Trust's Board from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Parker also serves as Director on four other boards. Mr. Parker is the Dean Witter Distinguished Professor of Finance, Emeritus, at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He teaches courses in Corporate Finance in the MBA Program, Stanford Sloan Program for Executives, and in various other Executive Education Programs at Stanford University. Mr. Parker's teaching and research interests are primarily in the field of corporate finance, management of financial institutions, and corporate governance, and he has written numerous case studies related to these subjects. He has also authored several articles on capital structure, risk management, and corporate valuation. Mr. Parker previously served as a Director of Continental Airlines and a Director of NETGEAR, Inc. Mr. Parker holds MBA and Ph.D. degrees from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.
John E. Martinez has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2003 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2003, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Securities Lending Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Martinez is a Director of FirstREX Agreement Corp. (formerly EquityRock, Inc.), providing governance oversight and consulting services to this privately held firm that develops products and strategies for homeowners in managing the equity in their homes. Mr. Martinez previously served as Director of Barclays Global Investors (BGI) UK Holdings, where he provided governance oversight representing BGI’s shareholders (Barclays PLC, BGI management shareholders) through oversight of BGI’s worldwide activities. Mr. Martinez also previously served as Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Global Index and Markets Group of BGI, Chairman of Barclays Global Investor Services and Chief Executive Officer of the Capital Markets Group of BGI. Since 2003, he is a Director and Executive Committee Member for Larkin Street Youth Services, providing governance oversight and strategy development to an agency that provides emergency and transitional housing, healthcare, education, job and life skills training to homeless youth. Mr. Martinez has an AB degree in economics from The University of California, Berkeley and holds an MBA degree in finance and statistics from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
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Cecilia H. Herbert has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Ms. Herbert has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Equity Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. She is Director of the Board of the Catholic Charities CYO, one of the Bay Area’s largest private social services organizations serving the homeless, poor, aged, families, children and AIDS/HIV victims, on which she has served since 1998. Ms. Herbert is a member of the Investment Committee of the Archdiocese of San Francisco since 1992, which she chaired from 1994 to 2005. She has served on numerous non-profit boards. Ms. Herbert is also a Director and Advisory Board Member since 2009 of the Forward Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as a Trustee for the Pacific Select Funds and The Montgomery Funds. Ms. Herbert previously served as Managing Director of J.P. Morgan/Morgan Guaranty Trust Company responsible for product development, marketing and credit for U.S. multinational corporations and as head of its San Francisco office and as Assistant Vice President, Signet Banking Corporation. Ms. Herbert has a BA degree in economics and communications from Stanford University and an MBA degree in finance from Harvard Business School.
Charles A. Hurty has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Trust since 2006. Mr. Hurty has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2006, a Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010 and a Trustee and Chair of the Audit Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011. In addition, Mr. Hurty serves as Director of the GMAM Absolute Return Strategy Fund since 2002, Director of the SkyBridge Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC (formerly, Citigroup Alternative Investments Multi-Adviser Hedge Fund Portfolios LLC) since 2002 and was a Director of the CSFB Alternative Investment Funds from 2005 to December 2009, when the funds were liquidated. Mr. Hurty was formerly a Partner at KPMG, LLP from 1968 to 2001. Mr. Hurty has a BS degree in accounting from the University of Kansas.
John E. Kerrigan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2005 and Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Kerrigan served as Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Trust from 2010 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2005, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2010, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. from 2010 until 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011, Chair of the Fixed Income Plus Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012 and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust from 2011 until 2012. Mr. Kerrigan serves as Chief Investment Officer, Santa Clara University since 2002. Mr. Kerrigan was formerly a Managing Director at Merrill Lynch & Co., including the following responsibilities: Global Manager of Institutional Client Division eCommerce, Global Manager of Technology Specialists Sales and Chair, Performance Measurement, Evaluation & Compensation Task Force. Mr. Kerrigan is a Trustee, since 2008, of Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton, CA, and Director, since 1999, of The BASIC Fund (Bay Area Scholarships for Inner City Children). Mr. Kerrigan has a BA degree from Boston College and is a Chartered Financial Analyst Charterholder.
Madhav V. Rajan has been a Trustee of the Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of the Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan has served as a Director of iShares, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares, Inc. since 2012, a Director of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2011, Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc. since 2012, a Trustee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2011 and Chair of the 15(c) Committee of iShares U.S. ETF Trust since 2012. Mr. Rajan is the Robert K. Jaedicke Professor of Accounting at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He has taught accounting for over 20 years to undergraduate, MBA and law students, as well as to senior executives. Mr. Rajan serves as the Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and head of the MBA Program at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Rajan served as editor of “The Accounting Review” from 2002 to 2008 and is co-author of “Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis,” a leading cost accounting textbook. Mr. Rajan holds MS, MBA and Ph.D. degrees in accounting from Carnegie Mellon University.
Board – Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities
Overall responsibility for oversight of the Fund rests with the Board. The Board has engaged BFA to manage the Fund on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing BFA and other service providers in the operations of the Fund in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and the Trust’s charter. The
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Board is currently composed of nine members, seven of whom are Independent Trustees. The Board currently conducts regular meetings five times a year. In addition, the Board frequently holds special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees meet regularly outside the presence of management, in executive session or with other service providers to the Trust.
The Board has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Board from time to time. The Board has established six standing Committees: a Nominating and Governance Committee, an Audit Committee, a 15(c) Committee, a Securities Lending Committee, an Equity Plus Committee and a Fixed Income Plus Committee to assist the Board in the oversight and direction of the business and affairs of the Fund, and from time to time may establish ad-hoc committees or informal working groups to review and address the policies and practices of the Fund with respect to certain specified matters. The Chair of each standing Committee is an Independent Trustee. The role of the Chair of each Committee is to preside at all meetings of the Committee and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys and other Trustees between meetings. Each Committee meets regularly to conduct the oversight functions delegated to the Committee by the Board and reports its finding to the Board. The Board and each standing Committee conduct annual assessments of their oversight function and structure. The Board has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise independent judgment over management and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees of Independent Trustees and the full Board to enhance effective oversight.
Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Fund is the responsibility of BFA or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to the supervision of BFA. The Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational, counterparty and valuation risks, among others. While there are a number of risk management functions performed by BFA and other service providers, as applicable, it is not possible to eliminate all of the risks applicable to the Fund. The Trustees have an oversight role in this area, satisfying themselves that risk management processes and controls are in place and operating effectively. Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. The Board, directly or through a committee, also reviews reports from, among others, management and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by the Fund and management’s risk functions. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who oversees the implementation and testing of the Trust's compliance program, including assessments by independent third parties, and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Trust and its principal service providers. In testing and maintaining the compliance program, the Chief Compliance Officer (and his or her delegates) assesses key compliance risks affecting the Fund, and addresses them in periodic reports to the Board. The Independent Trustees have engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.
Committees of the Board of Trustees. Each Independent Trustee serves on the Audit Committee. The Chair of the Audit Committee is Charles A. Hurty. The purposes of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board (i) in its oversight of the Trust's accounting and financial reporting principles and policies and related controls and procedures maintained by or on behalf of the Trust; (ii) in its oversight of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (iii) in selecting, evaluating and, where deemed appropriate, replacing the independent accountants (or nominating the independent accountants to be proposed for shareholder approval in any proxy statement); (iv) in evaluating the independence of the independent accountants; (v) in complying with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust's accounting and financial reporting, internal controls, compliance controls and independent audits; and (vi) to assume such other responsibilities as may be delegated by the Board. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), Charles A. Hurty, Madhav V. Rajan and John E. Kerrigan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The Nominating and Governance Committee nominates individuals for Independent Trustee membership on the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee functions include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) reviewing the qualifications of any person properly identified or nominated to serve as an Independent Trustee; (ii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the nominee(s) for appointment as an Independent Trustee by the Board and current Independent Trustees and/or for election as Independent Trustees by shareholders to fill any vacancy for a position of Independent Trustee(s) on the Board; (iii) recommending to the Board and current Independent Trustees the size and composition of the Board and Board committees and whether they comply with applicable laws and regulations; (iv) recommending a current Independent Trustee to the Board and current Independent Trustees to serve as Lead Independent Trustee; (v) periodic review of the Board's retirement policy; and (vi)
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recommending an appropriate level of compensation for the Independent Trustees for their services as Trustees, members or chairpersons of committees of the Board, Lead Independent Trustee, Chairperson of the Board and any other positions as the Nominating and Governance Committee considers appropriate. The Nominating and Governance Committee does not consider Board nominations recommended by shareholders (acting solely in their capacity as a shareholder and not in any other capacity). The Nominating and Governance Committee met one time during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the 15(c) Committee are Madhav V. Rajan (Chair), Cecilia H. Herbert, Charles A. Hurty and John E. Martinez, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the 15(c) Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for the annual review and renewal of the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements. These responsibilities include: (i) meeting with BlackRock, Inc. in advance of the Board meeting at which the Trust's advisory and sub-advisory agreements are to be considered to discuss generally the process for providing requested information to the Board and the format in which information will be provided; and (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to evaluate the investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements of the Trust. The 15(c) Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the Securities Lending Committee are John E. Martinez (Chair), John E. Kerrigan and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Securities Lending Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of the Trust's securities lending activities. These responsibilities include: (i) requesting that certain information be provided to the Committee for its review and consideration prior to such information being provided to the Board; (ii) considering and discussing with BlackRock, Inc. such other matters and information as may be necessary and appropriate for the Board to oversee the Trust's securities lending activities and make required findings and approvals; and (iii) providing a recommendation to the Board regarding the annual approval of the Trust's Securities Lending Guidelines and the required findings with respect to, and annual approval of, the Trust's agreement with the lending agent. The Securities Lending Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the Equity Plus Committee are Cecilia H. Herbert (Chair), John E. Martinez and George G.C. Parker, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Equity Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for equity funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Equity Plus Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The members of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are John E. Kerrigan (Chair), Charles A. Hurty and Madhav V. Rajan, all of whom are Independent Trustees. The principal responsibilities of the Fixed Income Plus Committee are to support, oversee and organize on behalf of the Board the process for oversight of Trust performance and related matters for fixed income or multi-asset funds. These responsibilities include: (i) reviewing quarterly reports regarding Trust performance, secondary market trading and changes in net assets to identify any matters that should be brought to the attention of the Board; and (ii) considering any performance or investment related matters as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board from time to time and providing a report or recommendation to the Board as appropriate. The Fixed Income Plus Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
As the Chairman of the Board, Robert H. Silver may participate in each Committee's meetings.
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2012, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Fund and in other registered investment companies overseen by the Trustee within the same family of investment companies as the Trust. If a fund is not listed below, the Trustee did not own any securities in that fund as of the date indicated above:
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
Robert S. Kapito   None   None   None
             
Michael Latham   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Micro-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Robert H. Silver   iShares 1-3 Year Credit Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares International Treasury Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares J.P. Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI BRIC ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 3000 ETF   Over $100,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Growth ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Russell Mid-Cap Value ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Broker-Dealers ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares U.S. Financial Services ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Regional Banks ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   Over $100,000    
             
George G.C. Parker   iShares California AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares S&P 100 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   Over $100,000    
             
John E. Martinez   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Emerging Markets Infrastructure ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Global Consumer Staples ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares Russell 2000 ETF   Over $100,000    
    iShares TIPS Bond ETF   Over $100,000    
             
Cecilia H. Herbert   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   Over $100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Total International Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares International Select Dividend ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Preferred Stock ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
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Name of Trustee   Fund   Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund
  Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in all
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies
             
Charles A. Hurty   iShares China Large-Cap ETF   $10,001-$50,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares Global Tech ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI EAFE ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares MSCI Japan ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares North American Tech-Multimedia Networking ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Energy ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
    iShares U.S. Financials ETF   $1-$10,000    
    iShares U.S. Technology ETF   $10,001-$50,000    
             
John E. Kerrigan   iShares MSCI ACWI ex U.S. ETF   $10,001-$50,000
  $50,001-$100,000
    iShares Short-Term National AMT-Free Muni Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000
   
             
Madhav V. Rajan   iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF   $50,001-$100,000   Over $100,000
    iShares Core S&P 500 ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares High Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
    iShares Select Dividend ETF   $50,001-$100,000    
As of December 31, 2012, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of BFA (the Fund's investment adviser), the Distributor or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with BFA or the Distributor.
Remuneration of Trustees.  Each current Independent Trustee is paid an annual retainer of $275,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board's policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. For the period from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2012, each current Independent Trustee was paid an annual retainer of $250,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the BlackRock-advised Funds in the Exchange-Traded Fund Complex, together with out-of-pocket expenses in accordance with the Board’s policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. The Independent Chairman of the Boards is paid an additional annual retainer of $50,000. The Chair of the Audit Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $40,000. The Chair of each of the Nominating and Governance Committees, Equity Plus Committees, Fixed Income Plus Committees, Securities Lending Committees and 15(c) Committees is paid an additional annual retainer of $15,000. Each Independent Trustee that serves as a director of subsidiaries of the Exchange-Traded Complex is paid an additional annual retainer of $10,000 (plus an additional $1,765 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius in connection with such Trustee’s service on the boards of
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certain Mauritius-based subsidiaries). Additionally, any Independent Trustee who travels to the Republic of Mauritius to attend board meetings is paid an additional $12,000 (plus an additional $2,117 paid annually to compensate for taxes due in the Republic of Mauritius in connection with such Trustee’s service on the boards of certain Mauritius-based subsidiaries).
The table below sets forth the compensation earned by each Independent Trustee and Interested Trustee from the Fund for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013 and the aggregate compensation paid to them by the Exchange-Traded Complex for the calendar year ended December 31, 2012.
Name of Trustee   iShares MSCI
Kokusai ETF
  Pension or
Retirement Benefits Accrued As
Part of Trust
Expenses1
  Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement1
  Total
Compensation
From the Fund
and Fund Complex2
Independent Trustee:                
                 
Robert H. Silver   $280   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 289,835
George G.C. Parker   251   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   260,165
John E. Kerrigan   245   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   265,510
Charles A. Hurty   280   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   290,000
Cecilia H. Herbert   252   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   273,010
John E. Martinez   241   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   261,760
Madhav V. Rajan   241   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   250,000
                 
Interested Trustee:                
                 
Robert S. Kapito   $ 0   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   $ 0
Michael Latham   0   Not Applicable   Not Applicable   0

1 No Trustee or officer is entitled to any pension or retirement benefits from the Trust.
2 Includes compensation for service on the Board of Trustees of iShares U.S. ETF Trust and the Boards of Directors of iShares, Inc. and iShares MSCI Russia Capped ETF, Inc.
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust collectively owned less than 1% of the Fund's outstanding shares as of October 31, 2013.
Although the Trust does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participants (as defined below), as of October 31, 2013, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund were as follows:
Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
525 Washington Blvd.
11th Floor
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  31.39%
BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
400 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  21.87%
Sumitomo Trust & Banking Co. (U.S.A.)
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
  15.86%
SG Americas Securities, LLC
480 Washington Boulevard
Jersey City, NJ 07310
  7.29%
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Name and Address   Percentage
of Ownership
Pershing LLC
One Pershing Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07399
  6.38%
Interactive Brokers Retail Equity Clearing
8 Greenwich Office Park
Greenwich, CT 06831
  5.90%
Potential Conflicts of Interest.  The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (“PNC”) has a significant economic interest in BlackRock, Inc., the parent of BFA, the Fund's investment adviser. PNC is considered to be an affiliate of BlackRock, Inc., under the 1940 Act. Certain activities of BFA, BlackRock, Inc. and their affiliates (collectively, “BlackRock”) and PNC and its affiliates (collectively, “PNC” and together with BlackRock, “Affiliates”), with respect to the Fund and/or other accounts managed by BlackRock or PNC, may give rise to actual or perceived conflicts of interest such as those described below.
BlackRock is one of the world's largest asset management firms. PNC is a diversified financial services organization spanning the retail, business and corporate markets. BlackRock and PNC are affiliates of one another under the 1940 Act. BlackRock and PNC and their respective affiliates (including, for these purposes, their directors, partners, trustees, managing members, officers and employees), including the entities and personnel who may be involved in the investment activities and business operations of the Fund, are engaged worldwide in businesses, including equity, fixed-income, cash management and alternative investments. These are considerations of which investors in the Fund should be aware, and which may cause conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Fund and its shareholders. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments that may be purchased or sold by the Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates have proprietary interests in, and may manage or advise with respect to, accounts or funds (including separate accounts and other funds and collective investment vehicles) that have investment objectives similar to those of the Fund and/or that engage in transactions in the same types of securities, currencies and instruments as the Fund. One or more Affiliates are also major participants in the global currency, equities, swap and fixed-income markets, in each case both on a proprietary basis and for the accounts of customers. As such, one or more Affiliates are or may be actively engaged in transactions in the same securities, currencies, and instruments in which the Fund invests. Such activities could affect the prices and availability of the securities, currencies, and instruments in which the Fund invests, which could have an adverse impact on the Fund's performance. Such transactions, particularly in respect of most proprietary accounts or customer accounts, will be executed independently of the Fund's transactions and thus at prices or rates that may be more or less favorable than those obtained by the Fund. When BlackRock and its Affiliates purchase or sell the same assets for their managed accounts, including the Fund, the assets actually purchased or sold may be allocated among the accounts on a basis determined in their good faith discretion to be equitable. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the size or price of the assets purchased or sold for the Fund. In addition, transactions in investments by one or more other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of the Fund, particularly, but not limited to, with respect to small capitalization, emerging market or less liquid strategies. This may occur when investment decisions regarding the Fund are based on research or other information that is also used to support decisions for other accounts. When BlackRock or its Affiliates implements a portfolio decision or strategy on behalf of another account ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar decisions or strategies for the Fund, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other factors could result in the Fund receiving less favorable trading results and the costs of implementing such decisions or strategies could be increased or the Fund could otherwise be disadvantaged. BlackRock or its Affiliates may, in certain cases, elect to implement internal policies and procedures designed to limit such consequences, which may cause the Fund to be unable to engage in certain activities, including purchasing or disposing of securities, when it might otherwise be desirable for it to do so.
Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding the Fund may benefit other accounts managed by BlackRock or its Affiliates. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by the Fund may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by the Fund may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) one or more Affiliates or their other accounts.
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In certain circumstances, BFA, on behalf of the Fund, may seek to buy from or sell securities to another fund or account advised by BFA or an affiliate. BFA may (but is not required to) effect purchases and sales between BFA clients or clients of affiliates (“cross trades”), including the Fund, if BFA believes such transactions are appropriate based on each party's investment objectives and guidelines, subject to applicable law and regulation. There may be potential conflicts of interest or regulatory issues relating to these transactions which could limit BFA’s decision to engage in these transactions for the Fund. BFA may have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities to the parties in such transactions. Where the Fund participates in a cross trade, BFA will comply with procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 17a-7 under the Investment Company Act and applicable SEC guidance.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which the Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of the Fund's investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of BlackRock or its Affiliates or their clients, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
The results of the Fund's investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by BlackRock and its Affiliates for their proprietary accounts or other accounts (including investment companies or collective investment vehicles) managed or advised by them. It is possible that one or more Affiliate-managed accounts and such other accounts will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by the Fund. Moreover, it is possible that the Fund will sustain losses during periods in which one or more Affiliate-managed accounts achieve significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. The opposite result is also possible. The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and accounts under their management may also limit the investment opportunities for the Fund in certain emerging and other markets in which limitations are imposed upon the amount of investment, in the aggregate or in individual issuers, by affiliated foreign investors.
From time to time, the Fund's activities may also be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to one or more Affiliates, and/or their internal policies designed to comply with such restrictions. As a result, there may be periods, for example, when BlackRock, and/or one or more Affiliates, will not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions in certain securities or instruments with respect to which BlackRock and/or one or more Affiliates are performing services or when position limits have been reached.
In connection with its management of the Fund, BlackRock may have access to certain fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models developed by one or more Affiliates. BlackRock will not be under any obligation, however, to effect transactions on behalf of the Fund in accordance with such analysis and models. In addition, neither BlackRock nor any of its Affiliates will have any obligation to make available any information regarding their proprietary activities or strategies, or the activities or strategies used for other accounts managed by them, for the benefit of the management of the Fund and it is not anticipated that BlackRock will have access to such information for the purpose of managing the Fund. The proprietary activities or portfolio strategies of BlackRock and its Affiliates, or the activities or strategies used for accounts managed by them or other customer accounts could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by BlackRock in managing the Fund.
The Fund may be included in investment models developed by BFA and its affiliates for use by clients and financial advisers. The price, availability and liquidity of the Fund may be impacted by purchases and redemptions of the Fund by model-driven investment portfolios.
In addition, certain principals and certain employees of BlackRock are also principals or employees of Affiliates. As a result, the performance by these principals and employees of their obligations to such other entities may be a consideration of which investors in the Fund should be aware.
BlackRock may enter into transactions and invest in securities, instruments and currencies on behalf of the Fund in which customers of BlackRock or its Affiliates, or, to the extent permitted by the SEC, BlackRock or another Affiliate, serves as the counterparty, principal or issuer. In such cases, such party's interests in the transaction will be adverse to the interests of the Fund, and such party may have no incentive to assure that the Fund obtains the best possible prices or terms in connection with the transactions. In addition, the purchase, holding and sale of such investments by the Fund may enhance the profitability of BlackRock or its Affiliates. One or more Affiliates may also create, write or issue derivatives for their customers, the underlying securities, currencies or instruments of which may be those in which the Fund invests or which may be based on the performance of the Fund. The Fund may, subject to applicable law, purchase investments that are the subject of an
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underwriting or other distribution by one or more Affiliates and may also enter into transactions with other clients of an Affiliate where such other clients have interests adverse to those of the Fund.
At times, these activities may cause departments of BlackRock or its Affiliates to give advice to clients that may cause these clients to take actions adverse to the interests of the Fund. To the extent affiliated transactions are permitted, the Fund will deal with BlackRock and its Affiliates on an arms-length basis. BlackRock or its Affiliates may also have an ownership interest in certain trading or information systems used by the Fund. The Fund's use of such trading or information systems may enhance the profitability of BlackRock and its Affiliates.
One or more Affiliates may act as broker, dealer, agent, lender or adviser or in other commercial capacities for the Fund. It is anticipated that the commissions, mark-ups, mark-downs, financial advisory fees, underwriting and placement fees, sales fees, financing and commitment fees, brokerage fees, other fees, compensation or profits, rates, terms and conditions charged by an Affiliate will be in its view commercially reasonable, although each Affiliate, including its sales personnel, will have an interest in obtaining fees and other amounts that are favorable to the Affiliate and such sales personnel.
Subject to applicable law, the Affiliates (and their personnel and other distributors) will be entitled to retain fees and other amounts that they receive in connection with their service to the Fund as broker, dealer, agent, lender, adviser or in other commercial capacities and no accounting to the Fund or its shareholders will be required, and no fees or other compensation payable by the Fund or its shareholders will be reduced by reason of receipt by an Affiliate of any such fees or other amounts.
When an Affiliate acts as broker, dealer, agent, adviser or in other commercial capacities in relation to the Fund, the Affiliate may take commercial steps in its own interests, which may have an adverse effect on the Fund. The Fund will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on the Fund's own credit standing. Neither BlackRock nor any of the Affiliates will have any obligation to allow their credit to be used in connection with the Fund's establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that the Fund's counterparties will rely on the credit of BlackRock or any of the Affiliates in evaluating the Fund's creditworthiness.
Lending on behalf of the Fund is done by BTC pursuant to SEC exemptive relief, enabling BTC to act as securities lending agent to, and receive a share of securities lending revenues from, the Fund. BFA may also receive compensation for managing the reinvestment of the cash collateral from securities lending. There is a potential conflict of interest in that BTC as a lending agent may have an incentive to increase the amount of securities on loan or to lend riskier assets in order to generate additional revenue for BTC and its affiliates. However, BTC’s SEC exemptive relief sets forth certain conditions designed to assist in mitigating such conflicts of interest.
Purchases and sales of securities for the Fund may be bunched or aggregated with orders for other BlackRock client accounts. BlackRock, however, is not required to bunch or aggregate orders if portfolio management decisions for different accounts are made separately, or if it determines that bunching or aggregating is not practicable or required, or in cases involving client direction.
Prevailing trading activity frequently may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Fund will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Fund. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Fund will not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.
BlackRock may select brokers (including, without limitation, Affiliates) that furnish BlackRock, the Fund, other BlackRock client accounts or other Affiliates or personnel, directly or through correspondent relationships, with research or other appropriate services which provide, in BlackRock's view, appropriate assistance to BlackRock in the investment decision-making process (including with respect to futures, fixed-price offerings and over-the-counter transactions). Such research or other services may include, to the extent permitted by law, research reports on companies, industries and securities; economic and financial data; financial publications; proxy analysis; trade industry seminars; computer data bases; research-oriented software and other services and products. Research or other services obtained in this manner may be used in servicing any or all of the Fund and other BlackRock client accounts, including in connection with BlackRock client accounts other than those that pay commissions to the broker relating to the research or other service arrangements. Such products and services may disproportionately benefit other BlackRock client accounts relative to the Fund based on the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund and such other BlackRock client accounts. For example, research or other services that are paid for through one client's commissions may not be used in managing that client's account. In addition, other
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BlackRock client accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products and services that may be provided to the Fund and to such other BlackRock client accounts. To the extent that BlackRock uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products and services itself.
BlackRock may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. To the extent that BlackRock receives research on this basis, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist. For example, the research effectively will be paid by client commissions that also will be used to pay for the execution, clearing, and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by BlackRock.
BlackRock may endeavor to execute trades through brokers who, pursuant to such arrangements, provide research or other services in order to ensure the continued receipt of research or other services BlackRock believes are useful in its investment decision-making process. BlackRock may from time to time choose not to engage in the above described arrangements to varying degrees. BlackRock may also enter into commission sharing arrangements under which BlackRock may execute transactions through a broker-dealer, including, where permitted, an Affiliate, and request that the broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to BlackRock. To the extent that BlackRock engages in commission sharing arrangements, many of the same conflicts related to traditional soft dollars may exist.
BlackRock may utilize certain electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) in executing client  securities transactions for certain types of securities. These ECNs may charge fees for their services, including access fees and transaction fees. The transaction fees, which are similar to commissions or mark-ups/mark-downs, will generally be charged to clients and, like commissions and mark-ups/mark-downs, would generally be included in the cost of the securities purchased. Access fees may be paid by BlackRock even though incurred in connection with executing transactions on behalf of clients, including the Fund. In certain circumstances, ECNs may offer volume discounts that will reduce the access fees typically paid by BlackRock. BlackRock will only utilize ECNs consistent with its obligation to seek to obtain best execution in client transactions.
BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Fund, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with BlackRock's fiduciary obligations to its clients. Nevertheless, notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of BlackRock may have the effect of favoring the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of BlackRock and/or its Affiliates, provided that BlackRock believes such voting decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the Proxy Voting Policy section of this SAI.
It is also possible that, from time to time, BlackRock or its Affiliates may, although they are not required to, purchase and hold shares of the Fund. Increasing the Fund's assets may enhance liquidity, investment flexibility and diversification and may contribute to economies of scale that tend to reduce the Fund's expense ratio. BlackRock and its Affiliates reserve the right to sell or redeem at any time some or all of the shares of the Fund acquired for their own accounts. A large sale or redemption of shares of the Fund by BlackRock or its Affiliates could significantly reduce the asset size of the Fund, which might have an adverse effect on the Fund's liquidity, investment flexibility, portfolio diversification and expense ratio. BlackRock will consider the effect of redemptions on the Fund and other shareholders in deciding whether to redeem its shares.
It is possible that the Fund may invest in securities of companies with which an Affiliate has or is trying to develop investment banking relationships as well as securities of entities in which BlackRock or its Affiliates has significant debt or equity investments or in which an Affiliate makes a market. The Fund also may invest in securities of companies to which an Affiliate provides or may someday provide research coverage. Such investments could cause conflicts between the interests of the Fund and the interests of other clients of BlackRock or its Affiliates. In making investment decisions for the Fund, BlackRock is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information acquired by any division, department or Affiliate of BlackRock in the course of these activities. In addition, from time to time, the activities of an Affiliate may limit the Fund's flexibility in purchases and sales of securities. When an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of an entity, BlackRock may be prohibited from purchasing or recommending the purchase of certain securities of that entity for the Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates, their personnel and other financial service providers may have interests in promoting sales of the Fund. With respect to BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel, the remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales of the Fund or other products may be greater than remuneration and profitability relating to services to and sales
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of certain funds or other products that might be provided or offered. BlackRock and its Affiliates and their sales personnel may directly or indirectly receive a portion of the fees and commissions charged to the Fund or its shareholders. BlackRock and its advisory or other personnel may also benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. Fees and commissions may also be higher than for other products or services, and the remuneration and profitability to BlackRock or its Affiliates and such personnel resulting from transactions on behalf of or management of the Fund may be greater than the remuneration and profitability resulting from other funds or products.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their personnel may receive greater compensation or greater profit in connection with an account for which BlackRock serves as an adviser than with an account advised by an unaffiliated investment adviser. Differentials in compensation may be related to the fact that BlackRock may pay a portion of its advisory fee to its Affiliate, or relate to compensation arrangements, including for portfolio management, brokerage transactions or account servicing. Any differential in compensation may create a financial incentive on the part of BlackRock or its Affiliates and their personnel to recommend BlackRock over unaffiliated investment advisers or to effect transactions differently in one account over another.
Third parties, including service providers to BFA or the Fund, may sponsor events (including, but not limited to, marketing and promotional activities and presentations, educational training programs and conferences) for registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors. There is a potential conflict of interest as such sponsorships may defray the costs of such activities to BFA, and may provide an incentive to BFA to retain such third parties to provide services to the Fund.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may provide valuation assistance to certain clients with respect to certain securities or other investments and the valuation recommendations made for their clients' accounts may differ from the valuations for the same securities or investments assigned by the Fund's pricing vendors, especially if such valuations are based on broker-dealer quotes or other data sources unavailable to the Fund's pricing vendors. While BlackRock will generally communicate its valuation information or determinations to the Fund's pricing vendors and/or fund accountants, there may be instances where the Fund's pricing vendors or fund accountants assign a different valuation to a security or other investment than the valuation for such security or investment determined or recommended by BlackRock.
As disclosed in more detail in the Determination of Net Asset Value section of the Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI, when market valuations are not readily available or such valuations do not reflect current market values, the affected investments will be valued using fair value pricing, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Fund's Board. When determining an asset’s “fair value,” BlackRock seeks to determine the price that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive from the current sale of that asset in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what the Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. While fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that BlackRock deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third-party valuation models, fair value represents only a good faith approximation of the value of a security. The fair value of one or more securities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining the Fund’s net asset value. As a result, the Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued by BlackRock (pursuant to Board-adopted procedures) at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders and BlackRock receiving additional revenue.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Fund may invest all or some of its short-term cash investments in any money market fund or similarly-managed private fund advised or managed by BlackRock. In connection with any such investments, the Fund, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, may pay its share of expenses of a money market fund in which it invests, which may result in the Fund bearing some additional expenses.
BlackRock and its Affiliates and their directors, officers and employees, may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and may have conflicts of interest with respect to investments made on behalf of the Fund. As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by directors, officers, employees and Affiliates of BlackRock that are the same, different from or made at different times than positions taken for the Fund. To lessen the possibility that the Fund will be adversely affected by this personal trading, the Fund, BFA and BlackRock each has adopted a code of ethics in compliance with Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the Fund's portfolio transactions. Each code of ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington,
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D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Each code of ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by e-mail at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-1520.
BlackRock and its Affiliates will not purchase securities or other property from, or sell securities or other property to, the Fund, except that the Fund may in accordance with rules adopted under the 1940 Act engage in transactions with accounts that are affiliated with the Fund as a result of common officers, directors, or investment advisers or pursuant to exemptive orders granted to the Fund and/or BlackRock by the SEC. These transactions would be effected in circumstances in which BlackRock determined that it would be appropriate for the Fund to purchase and another client of BlackRock to sell, or the Fund to sell and another client of BlackRock to purchase, the same security or instrument on the same day. From time to time, the activities of the Fund may be restricted because of regulatory requirements applicable to BlackRock or its Affiliates and/or BlackRock's internal policies designed to comply with, limit the applicability of, or otherwise relate to such requirements. A client not advised by BlackRock would not be subject to some of those considerations. There may be periods when BlackRock may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, or may otherwise restrict or limit their advice in certain securities or instruments issued by or related to companies for which an Affiliate is performing investment banking, market making or other services or has proprietary positions. For example, when an Affiliate is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of, or advisory services for, a company, the Fund may be prohibited from or limited in purchasing or selling securities of that company. Similar situations could arise if personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates serve as directors of companies the securities of which the Fund wishes to purchase or sell. However, if permitted by applicable law, the Fund may purchase securities or instruments that are issued by such companies or are the subject of an underwriting, distribution, or advisory assignment by an Affiliate, or in cases in which personnel of BlackRock or its Affiliates are directors or officers of the issuer.
The investment activities of one or more Affiliates for their proprietary accounts and for client accounts may also limit the investment strategies and rights of the Fund. For example, in certain regulated industries, in certain emerging or international markets, in corporate and regulatory ownership definitions, and in certain futures and derivative transactions, there may be limits on the aggregate amount of investment by affiliated investors that may not be exceeded without the grant of a license or other regulatory or corporate consent or, if exceeded, may cause BlackRock, the Fund or other client accounts to suffer disadvantages or business restrictions.
If certain aggregate ownership thresholds are reached or certain transactions undertaken, the ability of BlackRock on behalf of clients (including the Fund) to purchase or dispose of investments, or exercise rights or undertake business transactions, may be restricted by regulation or otherwise impaired. As a result, BlackRock, on behalf of clients (including the Fund), may limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict or limit the exercise of rights (including voting rights) when BlackRock, in its sole discretion, deems it appropriate in light of potential regulatory or other restrictions on ownership or other consequences resulting from reaching investment thresholds.
In those circumstances where ownership thresholds or limitations must be observed, BlackRock seeks to allocate limited investment opportunities equitably among clients (including the Fund), taking into consideration benchmark weight and investment strategy. When ownership in certain securities nears an applicable threshold, BlackRock may limit purchases in such securities to the issuer's weighting in the applicable benchmark used by BlackRock to manage the Fund. If client (including Fund) holdings of an issuer exceed an applicable threshold and BlackRock is unable to obtain relief to enable the continued holding of such investments, it may be necessary to sell down these positions to meet the applicable limitations. In these cases, benchmark overweight positions will be sold prior to benchmark positions being reduced to meet applicable limitations.
In addition to the foregoing, other ownership thresholds may trigger reporting requirements to governmental and regulatory authorities, and such reports may entail the disclosure of the identity of a client or BlackRock’s intended strategy with respect to such security or asset.
To the extent permitted by applicable laws, BlackRock and its Affiliates may maintain securities indexes as part of their product offerings. Index based funds seek to track the performance of securities indexes and may use the name of the index in the fund name. Index providers, including BlackRock and its Affiliates may be paid licensing fees for use of their index or index name. BlackRock and its Affiliates will not be obligated to license their indexes to BlackRock, and BlackRock cannot be
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assured that the terms of any index licensing agreement with BlackRock and its Affiliates will be as favorable as those terms offered to other index licensees.
BlackRock and its Affiliates may serve as Authorized Participants in the creation and redemption of exchange-traded funds, including funds advised by Affiliates of BlackRock. As described in greater detail in the Creations and Redemptions section of the Prospectus, BlackRock and its Affiliates may therefore be deemed to be participants in a distribution of iShares funds that could render them statutory underwriters.
BlackRock may enter into contractual arrangements with third party service providers to the Fund (e.g., custodians, administrators) pursuant to which BlackRock receives fee discounts or concessions in recognition of BlackRock’s overall relationship with such service providers. To the extent that BlackRock is responsible for paying these service providers out of its management fee, the benefits of any such fee discounts or concessions may accrue, in whole or in part, to BlackRock. BlackRock will disclose any material benefits it receives as a result of such fee discounts or concessions to the Fund’s Board.
Present and future activities of BlackRock and its Affiliates, including BFA, in addition to those described in this section, may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.
Investment Advisory, Administrative and Distribution Services
Investment Adviser.  BFA serves as investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and BFA. BFA is a California corporation indirectly owned by BlackRock, Inc. and is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Under the investment advisory agreement, BFA, subject to the supervision of the Board and in conformity with the stated investment policies of the Fund, manages and administers the Trust and the investment of the Fund’s assets. BFA is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and providing continuous supervision of the investment portfolio of the Fund.
Pursuant to the investment advisory agreement, BFA may, from time to time, in its sole discretion and to the extent permitted by applicable law, appoint one or more sub-advisers, including, without limitation, affiliates of BFA, to perform investment advisory or other services with respect to the Fund. In addition, BFA may delegate certain of its investment advisory functions under the investment advisory agreement to one or more of its affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law. BFA may terminate any or all sub-advisers or such delegation arrangements in its sole discretion upon appropriate notice at any time to the extent permitted by applicable law.
BFA is responsible, under the investment advisory agreement, for substantially all expenses of the Fund, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. BFA is not responsible for, and the Fund will bear the cost of, interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses and other expenses connected with the execution of portfolio securities transactions, distribution fees and extraordinary expenses.
For its investment advisory services to the Fund, BFA received a management fee at the annual rate (as a percentage of the Fund’s average net assets) set forth below for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The following table sets forth the management fees paid by the Fund to BFA for the fiscal years noted:
Management
Fee
  Fund
Inception
Date
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2013
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2012
  Management
Fees Paid
for
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2011
0.25%   12/10/07   $ 1,572,221   $ 1,499,175   $ 1,080,949
The investment advisory agreement with respect to the Fund continues in effect for two years from its effective date, and thereafter is subject to annual approval by (i) the Board, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund, provided that in either event such continuance also is approved by a majority of the Board members who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund, by a vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
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The investment advisory agreement with respect to the Fund is terminable without penalty, on 60 days' notice, by the Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act). The investment advisory agreement is also terminable upon 60 days' notice by BFA and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
Portfolio Managers.  As of July 31, 2013, the individuals named as Portfolio Managers in the Fund's Prospectus were also primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of other iShares funds and certain other types of portfolios and/or accounts as follows:
Matthew Goff        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   2   $ 15,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   2   160,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   230   $456,200,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   19   10,700,000,000
Other Accounts   1   19,700,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   230   $456,200,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number   Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   244   $471,600,000,000
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   86   37,500,000,000
Other Accounts   3   178,000,000
Accounts with Incentive-Based Fee Arrangements   0   N/A
Each of the portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management seeks to track the rate of return, risk profile and other characteristics of independent third-party indexes by either replicating the same combination of securities that constitute those indexes or through a representative sampling of the securities that constitute those indexes based on objective criteria and data. Pursuant to BFA’s policy, investment opportunities are allocated equitably among the Fund and other portfolios and accounts. For example, under certain circumstances, an investment opportunity may be restricted due to limited supply in the market, legal constraints or other factors, in which event the investment opportunity will be allocated equitably among those portfolios and accounts, including the Fund seeking such investment opportunity. As a consequence, from time to time the Fund may receive a smaller allocation of an investment opportunity than it would have if the Portfolio Managers and BFA and its affiliates did not manage other portfolios or accounts.
Like the Fund, the other portfolios or accounts for which the Portfolio Managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management generally pay an asset-based fee to BFA or its affiliates, as applicable, for its advisory services. One or more of those other portfolios or accounts, however, may pay BFA or its affiliates an incentive-based fee in lieu of, or in addition to, an asset-based fee for its advisory services. A portfolio or account with an incentive-based fee would pay BFA or
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its affiliates a portion of that portfolio’s or account’s gains, or would pay BFA or its affiliates more for its services than would otherwise be the case if BFA or any of its affiliates meets or exceeds specified performance targets. By their nature, incentive-based fee arrangements could present an incentive for BFA or its affiliates to devote greater resources, and allocate more investment opportunities, to the portfolios or accounts that have those fee arrangements, relative to other portfolios or accounts, in order to earn larger fees. Although BFA and each of its affiliates has an obligation to allocate resources and opportunities equitably among portfolios and accounts and intends to do so, shareholders of the Fund should be aware that, as with any group of portfolios and accounts managed by an investment adviser and/or its affiliates pursuant to varying fee arrangements, including incentive-based fee arrangements, there is the potential for a conflict of interest that may result in the Portfolio Managers' favoring those portfolios or accounts with incentive-based fee arrangements.
The tables below show, for each Portfolio Manager, the number of portfolios or accounts of the types set forth in the above tables and the aggregate of total assets in those portfolios or accounts with respect to which the investment management fees are based on the performance of those portfolios or accounts as of July 31, 2013:
Matthew Goff        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
    
Diane Hsiung        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
    
Jennifer Hsui        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
    
Greg Savage        
Types of Accounts   Number of Other
Accounts with
Performance Fees Managed by Portfolio Manager
  Aggregate
of Total Assets
Registered Investment Companies   0   N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles   0   N/A
Other Accounts   0   N/A
The discussion below describes the Portfolio Managers' compensation as of July 31, 2013.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Overview
BlackRock, Inc.'s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a performance-based discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock, Inc.
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Base compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm.
Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, Inc., the performance of the portfolio manager's group within BlackRock, Inc. and the individual's performance and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock, Inc.
Distribution of Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash and BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units which vest ratably over a number of years. The BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units, if properly vested, will be settled in BlackRock, Inc. common stock. Typically, the cash bonus, when combined with base salary, represents more than 60% of total compensation for the portfolio managers. Paying a portion of annual bonuses in stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year “at risk” based on BlackRock, Inc.'s ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods.
Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards — From time to time, long-term incentive equity awards are granted to certain key employees to aid in retention, align their interests with long-term shareholder interests and motivate performance. Equity awards are generally granted in the form of BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units that, once vested, settle in BlackRock, Inc. common stock.
Other Compensation Benefits. In addition to base compensation and discretionary incentive compensation, portfolio managers may be eligible to receive or participate in one or more of the following:
Incentive Savings Plans — BlackRock, Inc. has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock, Inc. employees are eligible to participate, including a 401(k) plan, the BlackRock Retirement Savings Plan (“RSP”), and the BlackRock Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The employer contribution components of the RSP include a company match equal to 50% of the first 8% of eligible pay contributed to the plan capped at $5,000 per year, and a company retirement contribution equal to 3-5% of eligible compensation up to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) limit ($255,000 for 2013). The RSP offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies and collective investment funds managed by the firm. BlackRock, Inc. contributions follow the investment direction set by participants for their own contributions or, absent participant investment direction, are invested into an index target date fund that corresponds to, or is closest to, the year in which the participant attains age 65. The ESPP allows for investment in BlackRock, Inc. common stock at a 5% discount on the fair market value of the stock on the purchase date. Annual participation in the ESPP is limited to the purchase of 1,000 shares of common stock or a dollar value of $25,000 based on its fair market value on the Purchase Date. Matthew Goff, Diane Hsiung, Jennifer Hsui and Greg Savage are each eligible to participate in these plans.
As of July 31, 2013, the Portfolio Managers did not beneficially own shares of the Fund.
Codes of Ethics.  The Trust, BFA and the Distributor have adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The codes of ethics permit personnel subject to the codes of ethics to invest in securities, subject to certain limitations, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund. The codes of ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements.  The Fund is subject to the USA PATRIOT Act (the “Patriot Act”). The Patriot Act is intended to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system in furtherance of money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities. Pursuant to requirements under the Patriot Act, the Fund may request information from Authorized Participants to enable it to form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its Authorized Participants. This information will be used to verify the identity of Authorized Participants or, in some cases, the status of financial professionals; it will be used only for compliance with the requirements of the Patriot Act.
The Fund reserves the right to reject purchase orders from persons who have not submitted information sufficient to allow the Fund to verify their identity. The Fund also reserves the right to redeem any amounts in the Fund from persons whose identity it is unable to verify on a timely basis. It is the Fund's policy to cooperate fully with appropriate regulators in any investigations conducted with respect to potential money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent. State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) serves as administrator, custodian and transfer agent for the Fund under the Master Services Agreement and related Service Schedule (the “Service Module”). State Street’s principal address is 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116. Pursuant to the Service Module for Fund Administration and Accounting Services with the Trust, State Street provides necessary administrative, legal, tax and
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accounting and financial reporting services for the maintenance and operations of the Trust and the Fund. In addition, State Street makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services. Pursuant to the Service Module for Custodial Services with the Trust, State Street maintains, in separate accounts, cash, securities and other assets of the Trust and the Fund, keeps all necessary accounts and records and provides other services. State Street is required, upon the order of the Trust, to deliver securities held by State Street and to make payments for securities purchased by the Trust for the Fund. State Street is authorized to appoint certain foreign custodians or foreign custody managers for Fund investments outside the United States. Pursuant to the Service Module for Transfer Agency Services with the Trust, State Street acts as a transfer agent for the Fund’s authorized and issued shares of beneficial interest, and as dividend disbursing agent of the Trust. As compensation for these services, State Street receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by BFA from its management fee.
The following table sets forth the administration, transfer agency and custodian expenses of the Fund paid by BFA to State Street for the fiscal years noted:
Fund
Inception
Date
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2013
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2012
  Custody,
Administration,
Transfer Agency
Expenses
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2011
12/10/07   $ 42,137   $ 63,242   $44,937
Distributor.  The Distributor's principal address is 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Fund through the Distributor or its agent only in Creation Units, as described in the Prospectus and below in the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI. Fund shares in amounts less than Creation Units are generally not distributed by the Distributor or its agent. The Distributor or its agent will arrange for the delivery of the Prospectus and, upon request, this SAI to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it or its agents and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it or its agents. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
The Distribution Agreement for the Fund provides that it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on at least 60 days' prior written notice to the other party following (i) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund. The Distribution Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Fund shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as defined below), DTC participants and/or investor services organizations.
BFA or its affiliates may, from time to time and from its own resources, pay, defray or absorb costs relating to distribution, including payments out of its own resources to the Distributor, or to otherwise promote the sale of shares.
The Distributor has served as the Fund's distributor since April 1, 2012. Prior to that date, SEI Investments Distribution Co. (“SEI”), located at One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, PA 19456, served as the distributor to the Fund. The following table sets forth the compensation paid by BFA to SEI for certain services, not primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares, provided to the Fund during the fiscal years noted:
Fund
Inception
Date
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 20131
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
April 1, 2012
to July 31, 20121
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid From
Aug. 1, 2011
to March 31, 20122
  Distributor
Compensation
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 20112
12/10/07   $7,628   $ 2,786   $7,217   $11,713

1 BRIL serves as the distributor to the Fund effective April 1, 2012. These fees reflect payments made to SEI, acting as an agent of the Distributor.
2 SEI served as the distributor to the Fund through March 31, 2012.
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Payments by BFA and its Affiliates. BFA and/or its affiliates (“BFA Entities”) pay certain broker-dealers, registered investment advisers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Fund, other iShares funds or exchange-traded products in general. BFA Entities make these payments from their own assets and not from the assets of the Fund. Although a portion of BFA Entities’ revenue comes directly or indirectly in part from fees paid by the Fund and other iShares funds, these payments do not increase the price paid by investors for the purchase of shares of, or the cost of owning, the Fund or other iShares funds. BFA Entities make payments for Intermediaries’ participation in activities that are designed to make registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as participation in marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems (“Education Costs”). BFA Entities also make payments to Intermediaries for certain printing, publishing and mailing costs associated with the Fund or materials relating to exchange-traded products in general (“Publishing Costs”). In addition, BFA Entities make payments to Intermediaries that make shares of the Fund and certain other iShares funds available to their clients, develop new products that feature iShares or otherwise promote the Fund and other iShares funds. BFA Entities may also reimburse expenses or make payments from their own assets to Intermediaries or other persons in consideration of services or other activities that the BFA Entities believe may benefit the iShares business or facilitate investment in iShares funds. Payments of the type described above are sometimes referred to as revenue-sharing payments.
Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your salesperson or other investment professional may also be significant for your salesperson or other investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it will recommend or make available to its clients or what services to provide for various products based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments may create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients and these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Fund and other iShares funds over other investments. The same conflict of interest and financial incentive exist with respect to your salesperson or other investment professional if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.
As of March 1, 2013, BFA Entities have contractual arrangements to make payments (in addition to payments for Education Costs or Publishing Costs) to one Intermediary, Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC (“FBS”). Pursuant to this special, long-term and significant arrangement (the “Marketing Program”), FBS and certain affiliates (collectively “Fidelity”) have agreed, among other things, to actively promote iShares funds to customers and investment professionals and in advertising campaigns as the preferred exchange-traded product, to offer certain iShares funds in certain Fidelity platforms and investment programs, in some cases at a reduced commission rate or commission free, and to provide marketing data to BFA Entities. BFA Entities have agreed to facilitate the Marketing Program by, among other things, making certain payments to FBS for marketing and implementing certain brokerage and investment programs. Upon termination of the arrangement, the BFA Entities will make additional payments to FBS based upon a number of criteria, including the overall success of the Marketing Program and the level of services provided by FBS during the wind-down period.
Any additions, modifications, or deletions to Intermediaries listed above that have occurred since the date noted above are not included in the list. Further, BFA Entities make Education Costs and Publishing Costs payments to other Intermediaries that are not listed above. BFA Entities may determine to make such payments based on any number of metrics. For example, BFA Entities may make payments at year-end or other intervals in a fixed amount, an amount based upon an Intermediary’s services at defined levels or an amount based on the Intermediary’s net sales of one or more iShares funds in a year or other period, any of which arrangements may include an agreed-upon minimum or maximum payment, or any combination of the foregoing. As of the date of this SAI, BFA anticipates that the payments paid by BFA Entities in connection with the Fund, iShares funds and exchange-traded products in general will be immaterial to BFA Entities in the aggregate for the next year. Please contact your salesperson or other investment professional for more information regarding any such payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the BFA Entities to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy shares of iShares funds.
The Fund may participate in certain market maker incentive programs of a national securities exchange in which an affiliate of the Fund would pay a fee to the exchange used for the purpose of incentivizing one or more market makers in the securities of the Fund to enhance the liquidity and quality of the secondary market of securities of the Fund. The fee would then be credited by the exchange to one or more market makers that meet or exceed liquidity and market quality standards with respect to the securities of the Fund. Each market maker incentive program is subject to approval from the SEC. Any such fee payments made to an exchange will be made by an affiliate of the Fund solely for the benefit of the Fund and will not be paid from any Fund assets.
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Determination of Net Asset Value
Valuation of Shares. The NAV for the Fund is generally calculated as of the close of regular trading hours on the NYSE (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each business day the NYSE is open. Valuation of securities held by the Fund is as follows:
Equity Investments. Equity securities traded on a recognized securities exchange (e.g., NYSE), separate trading boards of a securities exchange or through a market system that provides contemporaneous transaction pricing information (an “Exchange”) are valued using information obtained via independent pricing services, generally the Exchange closing price, or if an Exchange closing price is not available, the last traded price on that Exchange prior to the time as of which the Fund’s assets or liabilities are valued. However, under certain circumstances other means of determining current market value may be used. If an equity security is traded on more than one Exchange, the current market value of the security where it is primarily traded generally will be used. In the event that there are no sales involving an equity security held by the Fund on a day on which the Fund values such security, the prior day’s price will be used, unless, in accordance with valuation procedures approved by the Fund’s Board (the “Valuation Procedures”), BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the security, in which case such asset would be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below).
Fixed Income Investments. In accordance with the Valuation Procedures, fixed income securities for which market quotations are readily available are generally valued using such securities’ most recent bid prices provided directly from one or more broker-dealers, market makers, or independent third-party pricing services, each of which may use matrix pricing and valuation models, as well as recent market transactions for the same or similar assets to derive values. The amortized cost method of valuation may be used with respect to debt obligations with sixty days or less remaining to maturity unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such method does not represent fair value. Loan participation notes are generally valued at the mean of the last available bid prices from one or more brokers or dealers as obtained from independent third-party pricing services. Certain fixed income investments, including asset-backed and mortgage-related securities, may be valued based on valuation models that consider the estimated cash flows of each tranche of the entity, establish a benchmark yield and develop an estimated tranche specific spread to the benchmark yield based on the unique attributes of the tranche. Fixed income securities for which market quotations are not readily available may be valued by third-party pricing services that make a valuation determination by securing transaction data (e.g., recent representative bids), credit quality information, perceived market movements, news, and other relevant information and by other methods, which may include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from dealers; and general market conditions.
Options, Futures, Swaps and Other Derivatives. Exchange-traded equity options for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices as quoted on the Exchange or the board of trade on which such options are traded. In the event that there is no mean price available for an exchange traded equity option held by the Fund on a day on which the Fund values such option, the last bid (long positions) or ask (short positions) price, if available, will be used as the value of such option. If no such bid or ask price is available on a day on which the Fund values such option, the prior day’s price will be used, unless BlackRock determines in good faith that such prior day’s price no longer reflects the fair value of the option in which case such option will be treated as a Fair Value Asset (as defined below). Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives may be valued using a mathematical model which may incorporate a number of market data factors. Financial futures contracts and options thereon, which are traded on exchanges, are valued at their settle price as of the close of such exchanges. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
Underlying Funds. Shares of underlying exchange-traded funds will be valued at their most recent closing price on an Exchange. Shares of underlying money market funds will be valued at their net asset value.
General Valuation Information. In determining the market value of portfolio investments, the Fund may employ independent third-party pricing services, which may use, without limitation, a matrix or formula method that takes into consideration market indexes, matrices, yield curves and other specific adjustments. This may result in the securities being valued at a price different from the price that would have been determined had the matrix or formula method not been used. All cash, receivables and current payables are carried on the Fund’s books at their face value.
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Prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services, broker-dealers or market makers to value the Fund’s securities and other assets and liabilities are based on information available at the time the Fund values its assets and liabilities. In the event that a pricing service quotation is revised or updated subsequent to the day on which the Fund valued such security or other asset or liability, the revised pricing service quotation generally will be applied prospectively. Such determination will be made considering pertinent facts and circumstances surrounding the revision.
Certain types of securities, including many fixed income securities, trade infrequently and there may be no current market transactions or recent representative bids for such securities. To the extent that prices for such securities are not reflective of current market transactions or recent representative bids, the Fund will value such securities in good faith in accordance with the Valuation Procedures.
In the event that application of the methods of valuation discussed above result in a price for a security which is deemed not to be representative of the fair market value of such security, the security will be valued by, under the direction of or in accordance with a method specified by the Fund’s Board as reflecting fair value. All other assets and liabilities (including securities for which market quotations are not readily available) held by the Fund (including restricted securities) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Fund’s Board or by BlackRock (its delegate) pursuant to the Valuation Procedures. Any assets and liabilities which are denominated in a foreign currency are converted into U.S. dollars at the prevailing rates of exchange at such times as may be determined by the Fund from time to time.
Certain of the securities acquired by the Fund may be traded on foreign exchanges or over-the-counter markets on days on which the Fund’s net asset value is not calculated. In such cases, the net asset value of the Fund’s shares may be significantly affected on days when investors can neither purchase nor redeem shares of the Fund.
Use of fair value prices and certain current market valuations could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate the Fund’s NAV and the prices used in the Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between the Fund’s performance and the performance of the Underlying Index.
Fair Value. When market quotations are not readily available or are believed in good faith by BlackRock to be unreliable, the Fund’s investments are valued at fair value (“Fair Value Assets”). Fair Value Assets are valued by BlackRock in accordance with the Valuation Procedures. BlackRock may reasonably conclude that a market quotation is not readily available or is unreliable if, among other things, a security or other asset or liability does not have a price source due to its lack of trading, if BlackRock believes in good faith that a market quotation from a broker-dealer or other source is unreliable (e.g., where it varies significantly from a recent trade, or no longer reflects the fair value of the security or other asset or liability subsequent to the most recent market quotation), where the security or other asset or liability is only thinly traded or due to the occurrence of a significant event subsequent to the most recent market quotation. For this purpose, a “significant event” is deemed to occur if BlackRock determines, in its reasonable business judgment, that an event has occurred after the close of trading for an asset or liability but prior to or at the time of pricing the Fund’s assets or liabilities, and that the event is likely to cause a material change to the closing market price of the assets or liabilities held by the Fund. Non-U.S. securities whose values are affected by volatility that occurs in U.S. markets for related or highly correlated assets (e.g., ADRs, GDRs or ETFs) on a trading day after the close of non-U.S. securities markets may be fair valued. On any date the NYSE is open and a foreign market or the primary exchange on which a foreign asset or liability is traded is closed, such asset or liability will be valued using the prior day’s price, provided that BlackRock is not aware of any significant event or other information that would cause such price to no longer reflect the fair value of the asset or liability, in which case such asset or liability would be treated as a Fair Value Asset.
BlackRock, with input from the BlackRock Investment Strategy Group, will submit its recommendations regarding the valuation and/or valuation methodologies for Fair Value Assets to BlackRock’s Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee may accept, modify or reject any recommendations. In addition, the Fund’s accounting agent periodically endeavors to confirm the prices it receives from all third-party pricing services, index providers and broker-dealers, and, with the assistance of BlackRock, to regularly evaluate the values assigned to the securities and other assets and liabilities held by the Fund. The pricing of all Fair Value Assets is subsequently reported to and, where appropriate, ratified by the Board.
When determining the price for a Fair Value Asset, the BlackRock Valuation Committee (or BlackRock’s Pricing Group) will seek to determine the price that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of that asset or liability in an arm’s-length transaction on the date on which the assets or liabilities are being valued, not on what the Fund might expect to receive for selling the asset or the cost of extinguishing a liability at a later time or if it holds the asset or liability to maturity. Fair value determinations will be based upon all available factors that the Valuation Committee (or Pricing Group)
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deems relevant at the time of the determination, and may be based on analytical values determined by BlackRock using proprietary or third party valuation models.
Fair value represents a good faith approximation of the value of an asset or liability. When determining fair value of an asset, one or more of a variety of fair valuation methodologies may be used (depending on factors including the asset type). For example, the asset may be priced on the basis of the original cost of the investment or, alternatively, using proprietary or third-party models (including models that rely upon direct portfolio management pricing inputs and which reflect the significance attributed to the various factors and assumptions being considered). Prices of actual, executed or historical transactions in the relevant asset and/or liability (or related or comparable assets and/or liabilities) or, where appropriate, an appraisal by a third party experienced in the valuation of similar assets and/or liabilities, may also be used as a basis for establishing the fair value of an asset or liability. The fair value of one or more assets or liabilities may not, in retrospect, be the price at which those assets or liabilities could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair values were used in determining the Fund’s net asset value. As a result, the Fund’s sale or redemption of its shares at net asset value, at a time when a holding or holdings are valued at fair value, may have the effect of diluting or increasing the economic interest of existing shareholders.
The Fund’s annual audited financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), follow the requirements for valuation set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), which defines and establishes a framework for measuring fair value under US GAAP and expands financial statement disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements. Generally, ASC 820 and other accounting rules applicable to funds and various assets in which they invest are evolving. Such changes may adversely affect the Fund. For example, the evolution of rules governing the determination of the fair market value of assets or liabilities to the extent such rules become more stringent would tend to increase the cost and/or reduce the availability of third-party determinations of fair market value. This may in turn increase the costs associated with selling assets or affect their liquidity due to the Fund’s inability to obtain a third-party determination of fair market value.
Brokerage Transactions
Subject to policies established by the Board, BFA is primarily responsible for the execution of the Fund’s portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage. BFA does not execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer, but seeks to obtain the best net results for the Fund, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, operational facilities of the firm and the firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. While BFA generally seeks reasonable trade execution costs, the Fund does not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available, and payment of the lowest commission or spread is not necessarily consistent with obtaining the best price and execution in particular transactions. Subject to applicable legal requirements, BFA may select a broker based partly upon brokerage or research services provided to BFA and its clients, including the Fund. In return for such services, BFA may cause the Fund to pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if BFA determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
In selecting brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, BFA seeks to obtain the best price and most favorable execution for the Fund and may take into account a variety of factors including: (i) the size, nature and character of the security or instrument being traded and the markets in which it is purchased or sold; (ii) the desired timing of the transaction; (iii) BFA’s knowledge of the expected commission rates and spreads currently available; (iv) the activity existing and expected in the market for the particular security or instrument, including any anticipated execution difficulties; (v) the full range of brokerage services provided; (vi) the broker’s or dealer’s capital; (vii) the quality of research and research services provided; (viii) the reasonableness of the commission, dealer spread or its equivalent for the specific transaction; and (ix) BFA’s knowledge of any actual or apparent operational problems of a broker or dealer. Brokers may also be selected because of their ability to handle special or difficult executions, such as may be involved in large block trades, less liquid securities, or other circumstances.
Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act (“Section 28(e)”) permits an investment adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause an account to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction that exceeds the amount another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the same transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by that broker or dealer. This includes commissions paid on riskless principal transactions under certain conditions.
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From time to time, the Fund may purchase new issues of securities in a fixed price offering. In these situations, the broker may be a member of the selling group that will, in addition to selling securities, provide BFA with research services. FINRA has adopted rules expressly permitting these types of arrangements under certain circumstances. Generally, the broker will provide research “credits” in these situations at a rate that is higher than that available for typical secondary market transactions. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e).
The Fund anticipates that brokerage transactions involving foreign securities generally will be conducted primarily on the principal stock exchanges of the applicable country. Foreign equity securities may be held by the Fund in the form of depositary receipts, or other securities convertible into foreign equity securities. Depositary receipts may be listed on stock exchanges, or traded in over-the-counter markets in the United States or Europe, as the case may be. American Depositary Receipts, like other securities traded in the United States, will be subject to negotiated commission rates.
OTC issues, including most fixed income securities such as corporate debt and U.S. Government securities, are normally traded on a “net” basis without a stated commission, through dealers acting for their own account and not as brokers. The Fund will primarily engage in transactions with these dealers or deal directly with the issuer unless a better price or execution could be obtained by using a broker. Prices paid to a dealer with respect to both foreign and domestic securities will generally include a “spread,” which is the difference between the prices at which the dealer is willing to purchase and sell the specific security at the time, and includes the dealer’s normal profit.
Under the Investment Company Act, persons affiliated with the Fund and persons who are affiliated with such affiliated persons are prohibited from dealing with the Fund as principal in the purchase and sale of securities unless a permissive order allowing such transactions is obtained from the Commission. Since transactions in the OTC market usually involve transactions with the dealers acting as principal for their own accounts, the Fund will not deal with affiliated persons, including PNC and its affiliates, in connection with such transactions. The Fund will not purchase securities during the existence of any underwriting or selling group relating to such securities of which BFA, PNC, BRIL or any affiliated person (as defined in the Investment Company Act) thereof is a member except pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board in accordance with Rule 10f-3 under the Investment Company Act.
Purchases of money market instruments by the Fund are made from dealers, underwriters and issuers. The Fund does not currently expect to incur any brokerage commission expense on such transactions because money market instruments are generally traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principal for its own accounts without a stated commission. The price of the security, however, usually includes a profit to the dealer.
BFA may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Fund with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions.
Securities purchased in underwritten offerings include a fixed amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s concession or discount. When securities are purchased or sold directly from or to an issuer, no commissions or discounts are paid.
Investment decisions for the Fund and for other investment accounts managed by BFA and its affiliates are made independently of each other in light of differing conditions. A variety of factors will be considered in making investment allocations. These factors include: (i) investment objectives or strategies for particular accounts, including sector, industry, country or region and capitalization weightings; (ii) tax considerations of an account; (iii) risk or investment concentration parameters for an account; (iv) supply or demand for a security at a given price level; (v) size of available investment; (vi) cash availability and liquidity requirements for accounts; (vii) regulatory restrictions; (viii) minimum investment size of an account; (ix) relative size of account; and (x) such other factors as may be approved by BlackRock’s general counsel. Moreover, investments may not be allocated to one client account over another based on any of the following considerations: (i) to favor one client account at the expense of another; (ii) to generate higher fees paid by one client account over another or to produce greater performance compensation to BlackRock; (iii) to develop or enhance a relationship with a client or prospective client; (iv) to compensate a client for past services or benefits rendered to BlackRock or to induce future services or benefits to be rendered to BlackRock; or (v) to manage or equalize investment performance among different client accounts. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Fund may invest.
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Initial public offerings of securities may be over-subscribed and subsequently trade at a premium in the secondary market. When BFA is given an opportunity to invest in such an initial offering or “new” or “hot” issue, the supply of securities available for client accounts is often less than the amount of securities the accounts would otherwise take. In order to allocate these investments fairly and equitably among client accounts over time, each portfolio manager or a member of his or her respective investment team will indicate to BFA’s trading desk their level of interest in a particular offering with respect to eligible clients’ accounts for which that team is responsible. Initial public offerings of U.S. equity securities will be identified as eligible for particular client accounts that are managed by portfolio teams who have indicated interest in the offering based on market capitalization of the issuer of the security and the investment mandate of the client account and in the case of international equity securities, the country where the offering is taking place and the investment mandate of the client account. Generally, shares received during the initial public offering will be allocated among participating client accounts within each investment mandate on a pro rata basis. This pro rata allocation may result in the Fund receiving less of a particular security than if pro-ration had not occurred. All allocations of securities will be subject, where relevant, to share minimums established for accounts and compliance constraints. In situations where supply is too limited to be allocated among all accounts for which the investment is eligible, portfolio managers may rotate such investment opportunities among one or more accounts so long as the rotation system provides for fair access for all client accounts over time. Other allocation methodologies that are considered by BFA to be fair and equitable to clients may be used as well.
Because different accounts may have differing investment objectives and policies, BFA may buy and sell the same securities at the same time for different clients based on the particular investment objective, guidelines and strategies of those accounts. For example, BFA may decide that it may be entirely appropriate for a growth fund to sell a security at the same time a value fund is buying that security. To the extent that transactions on behalf of more than one client of BFA or its affiliates during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price. For example, sales of a security by BlackRock on behalf of one or more of its clients may decrease the market price of such security, adversely impacting other BlackRock clients that still hold the security. If purchases or sales of securities arise for consideration at or about the same time that would involve the Fund or other clients or funds for which BFA or an affiliate act as investment manager, transactions in such securities will be made, insofar as feasible, for the respective funds and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all.
In certain instances, BFA may find it efficient for purposes of seeking to obtain best execution, to aggregate or “bunch” certain contemporaneous purchases or sale orders of its advisory accounts and advisory accounts of affiliates. In general, all contemporaneous trades for client accounts under management by the same portfolio manager or investment team will be bunched in a single order if the trader believes the bunched trade would provide each client with an opportunity to achieve a more favorable execution at a potentially lower execution cost. The costs associated with a bunched order will be shared pro rata among the clients in the bunched order. Generally, if an order for a particular portfolio manager or management team is filled at several different prices through multiple trades, all accounts participating in the order will receive the average price except in the case of certain international markets where average pricing is not permitted. While in some cases this practice could have a detrimental effect upon the price or value of the security as far as the Fund is concerned, in other cases it could be beneficial to the Fund. Transactions effected by BFA or its affiliates on behalf of more than one of its clients during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, causing an adverse effect on price. The trader will give the bunched order to the broker-dealer that the trader has identified as being able to provide the best execution of the order. Orders for purchase or sale of securities will be placed within a reasonable amount of time of the order receipt and bunched orders will be kept bunched only long enough to execute the order.
The table below sets forth the brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for the fiscal years noted. Any differences in brokerage commissions paid by the Fund from year to year are due to increases or decreases in the Fund’s assets over those periods:
Fund
Inception
Date
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2013
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2012
  Brokerage
Commissions
Paid During
Fiscal Year
Ended July 31, 2011
12/10/07   $ 8,422   $ 16,484   $10,449
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The following table sets forth the names of the Fund's “regular broker dealers,” as defined under Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act, which derive more than 15% of their gross revenues from securities-related activities and in which the Fund invests, together with the market value of each investment as of the Fund’s fiscal year ended July 31, 2013:
Issuer   Market Value
of Investment
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.   $ 4,527,672
Citigroup, Inc.   3,353,123
Bank of America Corp.   3,349,123
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The)   1,604,541
UBS AG   1,510,648
Deutsche Bank AG   985,459
Credit Suisse Group AG   933,734
Morgan Stanley   857,278
The Fund did not pay any brokerage commissions to BlackRock, an affiliate of BFA, and a subsidiary of BTC, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.
The Fund's purchase and sale orders for securities may be combined with those of other investment companies, clients or accounts that BFA or its affiliates manage or advise and for which they have brokerage placement authority. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Fund and one or more other accounts managed or advised by BFA or its affiliates are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the Fund and the other accounts in a manner deemed equitable to all by BFA and its affiliates. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as the Fund is concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower transaction costs will be beneficial to the Fund. BFA and its affiliates may deal, trade and invest for their own account in the types of securities in which the Fund may invest. BFA and its affiliates may, from time to time, effect trades on behalf of and for the account of the Fund with brokers or dealers that are affiliated with BFA, in conformity with the 1940 Act and SEC rules and regulations. Under these provisions, any commissions paid to affiliated brokers or dealers must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions charged by other brokers or dealers in comparable transactions. The Fund will not deal with affiliates in principal transactions unless permitted by applicable SEC rules or regulations, or by SEC exemptive order.
Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates may result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses. The table below sets forth the portfolio turnover rates of the Fund for the fiscal years noted:
  Fiscal Year ended July 31, 2013   Fiscal Year ended July 31, 2012  
  4%   5%  
Additional Information Concerning the Trust
Shares. The Trust currently consists of more than 235 separate investment series or portfolios called funds. The Trust issues shares of beneficial interests in the funds with no par value. The Board may designate additional iShares funds.
Each share issued by a fund has a pro rata interest in the assets of that fund. Shares have no preemptive, exchange, subscription or conversion rights and are freely transferable. Each share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by the Board with respect to the relevant fund, and in the net distributable assets of such fund on liquidation.
Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which the shareholder is entitled to vote. In any matter submitted to shareholders for a vote, the fund shall hold a separate vote, provided that shareholders of all affected funds will vote together when: (1) required by the 1940 Act, or (2) the Trustees determine that the matter affects the interests of more than one fund.
Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. The policy of the Trust is not to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940
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Act. All shares (regardless of the fund) have noncumulative voting rights in the election of members of the Board. Under Delaware law, Trustees of the Trust may be removed by vote of the shareholders.
Following the creation of the initial Creation Unit(s) of shares of a fund and immediately prior to the commencement of trading in the fund’s shares, a holder of shares may be a “control person” of the fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. The fund cannot predict the length of time for which one or more shareholders may remain a control person of the fund.
In accordance with the Trust's Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 17, 2009 (the “Declaration of Trust”), the Board may, without shareholder approval (unless such shareholder approval is required by applicable law, including the 1940 Act), cause one or more funds commencing operations after September 24, 2008 (each, a “New Fund”) to merge, reorganize, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of their assets, or take other similar actions with, to or into another New Fund.
Shareholders may make inquiries by writing to iShares Trust, c/o BlackRock Investments, LLC, 525 Washington Boulevard, Suite 1405, Jersey City, NJ 07310.
Absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, beneficial owners of more than 5% of the shares of a fund may be subject to the reporting provisions of Section 13 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. In addition, absent an applicable exemption or other relief from the SEC or its staff, officers and trustees of the fund and beneficial owners of 10% of the shares of the fund (“Insiders”) may be subject to the insider reporting, short-swing profit and short sale provisions of Section 16 of the 1934 Act and the SEC’s rules promulgated thereunder. Beneficial owners and Insiders should consult with their own legal counsel concerning their obligations under Sections 13 and 16 of the 1934 Act.
Termination of the Trust or the Fund.  The Trust or the Fund may be terminated by a majority vote of the Board, subject to the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders of the Trust or the Fund entitled to vote on termination; however, in certain circumstances described in the Declaration of Trust, only a majority vote of the Board is required. Although the shares are not automatically redeemable upon the occurrence of any specific event, the Declaration of Trust provides that the Board will have the unrestricted power to alter the number of shares in a Creation Unit. In the event of a termination of the Trust or the Fund, the Board, in its sole discretion, could determine to permit the shares to be redeemable in aggregations smaller than Creation Units or to be individually redeemable. In such circumstance, the Trust may make redemptions in-kind, for cash or for a combination of cash or securities.
DTC as Securities Depository for Shares of the Fund.  Shares of the Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.
DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (“DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities’ certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), the NYSE Amex Equities and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”).
Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the shares of the Fund held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice,
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statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares of the Trust. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in shares of the Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants. DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to shares of the Trust at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.
Creation and Redemption of Creation Units
General. The Trust issues and sells shares of the Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor or its agent, without a sales load, at a price based on the Fund's NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined below), of an order received by the Distributor or its agent in proper form. The following table sets forth the number of shares of the Fund that constitute a Creation Unit for the Fund and the value of such Creation Unit as of August 31, 2013:
Shares Per
Creation Unit
  Value Per
Creation
Unit (U.S.$)
200,000   $9,328,000
The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of shares outstanding of the Fund, and to make a corresponding change in the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit, in the event that the per share price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Board.
A “Business Day” with respect to the Fund is any day on which the Listing Exchange on which the Fund is listed for trading is open for business. As of the date of this SAI, the Listing Exchange observes the following holidays, as observed: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of Creation Units of the Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) (“Deposit Securities”) and the Cash Component computed as described below. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which, when combined with the Fund's portfolio securities, is designed to generate performance that has a collective investment profile similar to that of the Underlying Index. The Fund Deposit represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of the Fund.
The Cash Component is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the “Deposit Amount,” which is an amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities, and serves to compensate for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount. Payment of any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities are the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing the Creation Unit.
BFA makes available through the NSCC on each Business Day prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange, the list of names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security and the amount of the Cash Component to be
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included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information as of the end of the previous Business Day for the Fund). Such Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, to purchases of Creation Units of shares of the Fund until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit is made available.
The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities change pursuant to changes in the composition of the Fund's portfolio and as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by BFA with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities constituting the Underlying Index.
The Fund reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through DTC. The Fund also reserves the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which (i) the delivery of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under applicable securities or other local laws or (ii) the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under applicable securities or other local laws, or in certain other situations.
Cash Purchase Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified for the Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a partial or full cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser.
Role of the Authorized Participant. Creation Units may be purchased only by or through a DTC Participant that has entered into an authorized participant agreement with the Distributor (an “Authorized Participant”). Such Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of such authorized participant agreement and on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that such Authorized Participant will make available in advance of each purchase of shares an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component, once the net asset value of a Creation Unit is next determined after receipt of the purchase order in proper form, together with the transaction fees described below. An Authorized Participant, acting on behalf of an investor, may require the investor to enter into an agreement with such Authorized Participant with respect to certain matters, including payment of the Cash Component. Investors who are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not be a DTC Participant or may not have executed an authorized participant agreement and that orders to purchase Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant. As a result, purchase orders placed through an Authorized Participant may result in additional charges to such investor. The Trust does not expect to enter into an authorized participant agreement with more than a small number of DTC Participants. A list of current Authorized Participants may be obtained from the Distributor. The Distributor has adopted guidelines regarding Authorized Participants’ transactions in Creation Units that are made available to all Authorized Participants. These guidelines set forth the processes and standards for Authorized Participants to transact with the Distributor and its agents in connection with creation and redemption transactions.
Purchase Orders.  To initiate an order for a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit to the Distributor or its agent an irrevocable order to purchase shares of the Fund, in proper form, generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day to receive that day’s NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Fund may require orders for Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. The Distributor or its agent will notify BFA and the custodian of such order. The custodian will then provide such information to any appropriate sub-custodian. Procedures and requirements governing the delivery of the Fund Deposit are set forth in the procedures handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a creation request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request. Those placing orders to purchase Creation Units through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Distributor or its agent by the Cutoff Time (as defined below) on such Business Day.
The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the contractual settlement date, by means satisfactory to the Fund, immediately available or same day funds estimated by the Fund to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component next determined after acceptance of the purchase order, together with the applicable purchase transaction fees. Any excess funds
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will be returned following settlement of the issue of the Creation Unit. Those placing orders should ascertain the deadline for cash transfers by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effectuating the transfer of the Cash Component. This deadline is likely to be significantly earlier than the Cutoff Time of the Fund. Investors should be aware that an Authorized Participant may require orders for purchases of shares placed with it to be in the particular form required by the individual Authorized Participant.
The Authorized Participant is responsible for any and all expenses and costs incurred by the Fund, including any applicable cash amounts, in connection with any purchase order.
Timing of Submission of Purchase Orders. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of the Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Creation Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor or its agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement, as described below. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or its agent or an Authorized Participant. Orders to create shares of the Fund that are submitted on the Business Day immediately preceding a holiday or a day (other than a weekend) when the equity markets in the relevant non-U.S. market are closed may not be accepted. The Fund's deadline specified above for the submission of purchase orders is referred to as the Fund's “Cutoff Time.” The Distributor or its agent, in their discretion, may permit the submission of such orders and requests by or through an Authorized Participant at any time (including on days on which the Listing Exchange is not open for business) via communication through the facilities of the Distributor's or its agent's proprietary website maintained for this purpose. Purchase orders and redemption requests, if accepted by the Trust, will be processed based on the NAV next determined after such acceptance in accordance with the Fund's Cutoff Times as provided in the authorized participant agreement and disclosed in this SAI.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units.  Subject to the conditions that (i) an irrevocable purchase order has been submitted by the Authorized Participant (either on its own or another investor's behalf) and (ii) arrangements satisfactory to the Fund are in place for payment of the Cash Component and any other cash amounts which may be due, the Fund will accept the order, subject to the Fund's right (and the right of the Distributor and BFA) to reject any order until acceptance, as set forth below.
Once the Fund has accepted an order, upon the next determination of the net asset value of the shares, the Fund will confirm the issuance of a Creation Unit, against receipt of payment, at such net asset value. The Distributor or its agent will then transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.
The Fund reserves the absolute right to reject or revoke a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor or its agent if (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (iii) the Deposit Securities delivered do not conform to the identity and number of shares specified, as described above; (iv) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (vi) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the discretion of the Fund or BFA, have an adverse effect on the Fund or the rights of beneficial owners; or (vii) circumstances outside the control of the Fund, the Distributor or its agent and BFA make it impracticable to process purchase orders. The Distributor or its agent shall notify a prospective purchaser of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such purchaser of its rejection of such order. The Fund, State Street, the sub-custodian and the Distributor or its agent are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification.
Issuance of a Creation Unit.  Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the custodian that the securities included in the Fund Deposit (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Distributor or its agent and BFA shall be notified of such delivery and the Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit. Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+3 basis” (i.e., three Business Days after trade date). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, the Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than T+3 in order to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (i.e., the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security) and in certain other circumstances.
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To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor, the Fund will issue Creation Units to such Authorized Participant, notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Fund Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities in accordance with the Fund's then-effective procedures. The only collateral that is acceptable to the Fund is cash in U.S. dollars. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on the contractual settlement date. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. Information concerning the Fund's current procedures for collateralization of missing Deposit Securities is available from the Distributor or its agent. The authorized participant agreement will permit the Fund to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Fund of purchasing such securities and the cash collateral.
In certain cases, Authorized Participants may create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date and in these instances, the Fund reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis or require a representation from the Authorized Participants that the creation and redemption transactions are for separate beneficial owners. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Fund and the Fund's determination shall be final and binding.
Costs Associated with Creation Transactions.  A standard creation transaction fee is imposed to offset the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The standard creation transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant creates a Creation Unit, and is the same, regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by the Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Deposit Securities to the Fund. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth the Fund's standard creation transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations*
$15,000   3.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit.
Redemption of Creation Units.  Shares of the Fund may be redeemed by Authorized Participants only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Distributor or its agent and only on a Business Day. The Fund will not redeem shares in amounts less than Creation Units. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the secondary market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a Creation Unit that could be redeemed by an Authorized Participant. Beneficial owners also may sell shares in the secondary market.
The Fund generally redeems Creation Units for Fund Securities. Please see the Cash Redemption Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the in-kind method for further information on redeeming Creation Units of the Fund.
BFA makes available through the NSCC, prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange on each Business Day, the designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”), and an amount of cash (the “Cash Amount,” as described below). Such Fund Securities and the corresponding Cash Amount (each subject to possible amendment or correction) are applicable, in order to effect redemptions of Creation Units of the Fund until such time as the next announced composition of the Fund Securities and Cash Amount is made available. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are
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applicable to creations of Creation Units. Procedures and requirements governing redemption transactions are set forth in the handbook for Authorized Participants and may change from time to time.
Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for the Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of Fund Securities, plus the Cash Amount, which is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the shares being redeemed, as next determined after the receipt of a redemption request in proper form, and the value of Fund Securities, less a redemption transaction fee (as described below).
The Trust may, in its sole discretion, substitute a “cash in lieu” amount to replace any Fund Security. The amount of cash paid out in such cases will be equivalent to the value of the substituted security listed as a Fund Security. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the difference is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. The Fund generally redeems Creation Units for Fund Securities, but the Fund reserves the right to utilize a cash option for redemption of Creation Units.
Cash Redemption Method.  Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units of iShares funds, when partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified for the Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions thereof. In the case of partial or full cash redemption, the Authorized Participant receives the cash equivalent of the Fund Securities it would otherwise receive through an in-kind redemption, plus the same Cash Amount to be paid to an in-kind redeemer.
Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions.  A standard redemption transaction fee is imposed to offset transfer and other transaction costs that may be incurred by the Fund. The standard redemption transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant redeems a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by an Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from the Fund to their account on their order. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to dispose of Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth the Fund's standard redemption transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
Standard Redemption
Transaction Fee
  Maximum Additional
Charge for Redemptions*
$15,000   2.0%

* As a percentage of the net asset value per Creation Unit, inclusive of the standard redemption transaction fee.
Placement of Redemption Orders. Redemption requests for Creation Units of the Fund must be submitted to the Distributor by or through an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable request to redeem shares of the Fund generally before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on any Business Day in order to receive that day's NAV. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a redemption request to be made through an Authorized Participant. The Distributor or its agent will provide a list of current Authorized Participants upon request.
The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption in the form required by the Fund to the Distributor or its agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an authorized participant agreement and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an authorized participant agreement. At any time, only a limited number of broker-dealers will have an authorized participant agreement in effect. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the shares to the Fund's transfer agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
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A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Fund's transfer agent the Creation Unit redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the Listing Exchange closing time on any Business Day, (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the Fund is received by the Distributor or its agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified above and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the authorized participant agreement are properly followed. If the transfer agent does not receive the investor's shares through DTC's facilities by 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Business Day next following the day that the redemption request is received, the redemption request shall be rejected. Investors should be aware that the deadline for such transfers of shares through the DTC system may be significantly earlier than the close of business on the Listing Exchange. Those making redemption requests should ascertain the deadline applicable to transfers of shares through the DTC system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effecting the transfer of the shares.
Upon receiving a redemption request, the Distributor or its agent shall notify the Fund and the Fund's transfer agent of such redemption request. The tender of an investor's shares for redemption and the distribution of the securities and/or cash included in the redemption payment made in respect of Creation Units redeemed will be made through DTC and the relevant Authorized Participant to the Beneficial Owner thereof as recorded on the book-entry system of DTC or the DTC Participant through which such investor holds, as the case may be, or by such other means specified by the Authorized Participant submitting the redemption request.
A redeeming Beneficial Owner or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Beneficial Owner must maintain appropriate security arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the portfolio securities are customarily traded, to which account such portfolio securities will be delivered.
Deliveries of redemption proceeds by the Fund generally will be made within three Business Days (i.e., “T+3”). However, as discussed in the Regular Holidays section, the Fund reserves the right to settle redemption transactions and deliver redemption proceeds on another basis to accommodate non-U.S. market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among non-U.S. and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (i.e., the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold) and in certain other circumstances. The Regular Holidays section hereto identifies the instances, if any, where more than seven days would be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Pursuant to an order of the SEC, the Trust will make delivery of redemption proceeds within the number of days stated in the Regular Holidays section to be the maximum number of days necessary to deliver redemption proceeds.
If neither the redeeming Beneficial Owner nor the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such redeeming Beneficial Owner has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of Fund Securities in the applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of Fund Securities in such jurisdiction, the Trust may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming Beneficial Owner will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In such case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the net asset value of its shares based on the NAV of the Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charges specified above to offset the Trust's brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Fund cannot lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or cannot do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws.
Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit cash redemptions of Creation Units, in the event that cash redemptions are permitted or required by the Trust, proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming shares as soon as practicable after the date of redemption (within seven calendar days thereafter, except for the instances listed in the Regular Holidays section in which more than seven calendar days would be needed).
To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor or its agent, in the event an Authorized Participant has submitted a redemption request in proper form but is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to the Fund, at or prior to 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the Listing Exchange business day after the date of submission of such redemption request, the Distributor or its agent will accept the redemption request in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing shares as soon as possible. Such undertaking shall be
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secured by the Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash, in U.S. dollars in immediately available funds, having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage BFA may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing shares. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 10:00 a.m., Eastern time on the day after the date of submission of such redemption request and shall be held by State Street and marked-to-market daily. The fees of State Street and any sub-custodians in respect of the delivery, maintenance and redelivery of the cash collateral shall be payable by the Authorized Participant. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. The authorized participant agreement permits the Fund to acquire shares of the Fund at any time and subjects the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the aggregate of the cost to the Fund of purchasing such shares, plus the value of the Cash Amount, and the value of the cash collateral.
Because the portfolio securities of the Fund may trade on exchange(s) on days that the Listing Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for the Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of the Fund, or purchase or sell shares of the Fund on the Listing Exchange on days when the NAV of the Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the Fund: (i) for any period during which the Listing Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the Listing Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund's portfolio securities or determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
Taxation on Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units.  An Authorized Participant generally will recognize either gain or loss upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units. This gain or loss is calculated by taking the market value of the Creation Units purchased over the Authorized Participant’s aggregate basis in the Deposit Securities exchanged therefor. However, the IRS may apply the wash sales rules to determine that any loss realized upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units is not currently deductible. Authorized Participants should consult their own tax advisers.
Current U.S. federal tax laws dictate that capital gain or loss realized from the redemption of Creation Units will generally create long-term capital gain or loss if the Authorized Participant holds the Creation Units for more than one year, or short-term capital gain or loss if the Creation Units were held for one year or less, if the Creation Units are held as capital assets.
Regular Holidays. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable non-U.S. market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a non-U.S. market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within the normal settlement period.
The securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming investors, coupled with non-U.S. market holiday schedules, will require a delivery process longer than seven calendar days, in certain circumstances. The holidays applicable to the Fund during such periods are listed below, as are instances where more than seven days will be needed to deliver redemption proceeds. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed below for the Fund. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as “informal holidays” (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local securities delivery practices, could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.
In calendar years 2013 and 2014, the dates of regular holidays affecting the relevant securities markets in which the Fund invests are as follows (please note these holiday schedules are subject to potential changes in the relevant securities markets):
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2013
Australia
January 1 April 1 June 10 November 5
January 28 April 25 August 5 December 25
March 4 May 6 August 14 December 26
March 11 May 20 September 30  
March 29 June 3 October 7  
    
Austria
January 1 May 9 November 1 December 31
March 29 May 20 December 24  
April 1 May 30 December 25  
May 1 August 15 December 26  
    
Belgium
January 1 May 9 November 1  
March 29 May 10 November 11  
April 1 May 20 December 25  
May 1 August 15 December 26  
    
Bermuda
January 1 August 1 December 25  
March 29 August 2 December 26  
May 24 September 2    
June 10 November 11    
    
Canada
January 1 May 20 September 2 December 26
January 2 June 24 October 14  
February 18 July 1 November 11  
March 29 August 5 December 25  
    
The Cayman Islands
January 1 April 1 November 11  
January 28 May 20 December 25  
February 13 June 17 December 26  
March 29 July 1    
Denmark
January 1 April 26 December 24  
March 28 May 9 December 25  
March 29 May 20 December 26  
April 1 June 5 December 31  
    
Finland
January 1 May 9 December 25  
March 29 June 21 December 26  
April 1 December 6 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
    
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
March 29 May 9 December 25  
April 1 August 15 December 26  
May 1 November 1    
    
Germany
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 25
February 11 May 9 October 3 December 26
March 29 May 20 November 1 December 31
April 1 May 30 December 24  
    
Greece
January 1 April 1 June 24 December 26
March 18 May 1 August 15  
March 25 May 3 October 28  
March 29 May 6 December 25  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 4 September 20 December 26
February 11 May 1 October 1 December 31
February 12 May 17 October 14  
March 29 June 12 December 24  
April 1 July 1 December 25  
    
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Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 28 December 27
March 18 May 6 December 24  
March 29 June 3 December 25  
April 1 August 5 December 26  
    
Israel
February 24 April 14 September 4 September 19
March 25 April 15 September 5 September 25
March 26 May 14 September 6 September 26
March 31 May 15 September 13  
April 1 July 16 September 18  
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
Italy
January 1 May 1 December 25  
March 29 August 15 December 26  
April 1 November 1 December 31  
April 25 December 24    
    
Luxembourg
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 25
March 29 May 9 November 1 December 26
April 1 May 20 December 24  
    
The Netherlands
January 1 April 30 May 20  
March 29 May 1 December 25  
April 1 May 9 December 26  
    
New Zealand
January 1 February 6 June 3  
January 2 March 29 October 28  
January 21 April 1 December 25  
January 28 April 25 December 26  
    
Norway
January 1 May 1 December 24  
March 28 May 9 December 25  
March 29 May 17 December 26  
April 1 May 20 December 31  
    
Portugal
January 1 April 25 June 13 December 25
February 12 May 1 August 15 December 26
March 29 May 30 November 1  
April 1 June 10 December 24  
    
Singapore
January 1 May 24 November 2  
February 11 May 25 November 4  
February 12 August 8 December 25  
March 29 August 9    
May 1 October 15    
    
Spain
January 1 March 29 May 15 December 25
January 7 April 1 August 15 December 26
March 19 May 1 November 1  
March 28 May 2 December 6  
    
Sweden
January 1 May 9 December 25  
March 29 June 6 December 26  
April 1 June 21 December 31  
May 1 December 24    
    
Switzerland
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 2 May 9 September 5 December 31
March 19 May 20 November 1  
March 29 May 30 December 24  
April 1 August 1 December 25  
    
The United Kingdom
January 1 May 6 December 25  
March 29 May 27 December 26  
April 1 August 26    
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2014
Australia
January 1 April 21 June 9 November 4
January 27 April 25 August 4 December 25
March 3 May 5 August 13 December 26
March 10 May 19 September 29  
April 18 June 2 October 6  
    
Austria
January 1 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 December 8 December 31
April 18 June 9 December 24  
April 21 June 19 December 25  
    
Belgium
January 1 May 29 August 15  
April 18 May 30 November 11  
April 21 June 9 December 25  
May 1 July 21 December 26  
    
Bermuda
January 1 July 31 December 25  
April 18 August 1 December 26  
May 26 September 1    
June 16 November 11    
    
Canada
January 1 May 19 September 1 December 26
January 2 June 24 October 13  
February 17 July 1 November 11  
April 18 August 4 December 25  
    
The Cayman Islands
January 1 April 21 November 10  
January 27 May 19 December 25  
March 5 June 16 December 26  
April 18 July 7    
    
Denmark
January 1 May 16 December 24  
April 17 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 5 December 26  
April 21 June 9 December 31  
France
January 1 May 8 November 11  
April 18 May 29 December 25  
April 21 July 14 December 26  
May 1 August 15    
    
Finland
January 1 May 1 December 25  
January 6 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 20 December 31  
April 21 December 24    
    
Germany
April 6 December 25    
April 9 December 26    
May 1      
    
Greece
January 1 April 18 August 15  
January 6 April 21 October 28  
March 3 May 1 December 25  
March 25 June 9 December 26  
    
Hong Kong
January 1 April 21 July 1 December 24
January30 May 1 September 9 December 25
January 31 May 6 October 1 December 26
April 18 June 2 October 2 December 31
    
Ireland
January 1 May 1 October 27 December 29
March 17 May 5 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 4 December 26  
    
Israel
March 16 May 4 September 24 October 9
April 14 May 5 September 25 October 15
April 15 June 3 September 26 October 16
April 20 June 4 October 3  
April 21 August 5 October 8  
The Israeli market is closed every Friday.
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Italy
January 1 April 25 December 8 December 31
January 6 May 1 December 24  
April 18 June 2 December 25  
April 21 August 15 December 26  
    
Luxembourg
January 1 May 1 June 23 December 25
April 18 May 29 August 15 December 26
April 21 June 9 December 24  
    
The Netherlands
January 1 April 30 June 9  
April 18 May 1 December 25  
April 21 May 29 December 26  
    
New Zealand
January 1 February 6 June 2  
January 2 April 18 October 27  
January 20 April 21 December 25  
January 27 April 25 December 26  
    
Norway
January 1 May 1 December 25  
April 17 May 29 December 26  
April 18 June 9 December 31  
April 21 December 24    
    
Portugal
January 1 April 25 June 19 December 24
March 4 May 1 August 15 December 25
April 18 June 10 December 1 December 26
April 21 June 13 December 8  
    
Singapore
January 1 May 1 August 9 December 25
January 31 May 13 October 6  
February 1 May 15 October 22  
April 18 July 28 October 23  
    
Spain
January 1 April 21 July 25 December 25
January 6 May 1 August 15 December 26
April 17 May 2 September 9  
April 18 May 15 December 8  
    
Sweden
January 1 May 1 December 24  
January 6 May 29 December 25  
April 18 June 6 December 26  
April 21 June 20 December 31  
    
Switzerland
January 1 April 21 August 1 December 25
January 2 May 1 August 15 December 26
January 6 May 29 September 11 December 31
March 19 June 9 December 8  
April 18 June 19 December 24  
    
The United Kingdom
January 1 May 5 December 25  
April 18 May 26 December 26  
April 21 August 25    
       
Redemptions.  The longest redemption cycle for the Fund is a function of the longest redemption cycle among the countries and regions whose stocks comprise the Fund. In the calendar years 2013 and 2014*, the dates of regular holidays affecting the following securities markets present the worst-case redemption cycle for the Fund as follows:
2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Austria   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
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2013
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Denmark   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Finland   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Germany   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Ireland   12/19/13   12/30/13   11
    12/20/13   12/31/13   11
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Italy   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Luxembourg   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
Norway   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
    12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Portugal   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   12/31/13   8
Spain   03/25/13   04/02/13   8
    03/26/13   04/03/13   8
    03/27/13   04/04/13   8
Sweden   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
Switzerland   12/19/13   12/27/13   8
    12/20/13   12/30/13   10
    12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    
2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
Austria   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Denmark   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
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2014
Country   Trade
Date
  Settlement
Date
  Number of
Days to
Settle
    04/14/14   04/23/14   8
    04/15/14   04/24/14   8
    04/16/14   04/25/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Finland   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Ireland   12/23/14   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/30/14   11
    12/22/14   12/31/14   9
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Italy   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Luxembourg   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
Norway   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Portugal   12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   12/31/14   8
Spain   04/14/14   04/22/14   8
    04/15/14   04/23/14   8
    04/16/14   04/24/14   8
Sweden   12/23/13   01/02/14   10
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/02/15   10
Switzerland   12/23/13   01/03/14   11
    12/27/13   01/06/14   10
    12/30/13   01/07/14   8
    12/19/14   12/29/14   10
    12/22/14   12/30/14   8
    12/23/14   01/05/14   13
    12/29/14   01/06/14   8
    12/30/14   01/07/14   8

* These worst-case redemption cycles are based on information regarding regular holidays, which may be out of date. Based on changes in holidays, longer (worse) redemption cycles are possible.
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Taxes
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of the Fund. This summary does not address all of the potential U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to the Fund or to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special tax rules. Current and prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of investing in the Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
Regulated Investment Company Qualifications.  The Fund intends to continue to qualify for treatment as a separate RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund must annually distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes dividends, interest and net short-term capital gains) and meet several other requirements. Among such other requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of the Fund’s annual gross income must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or non-U.S. currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income); and (ii) at the close of each quarter of the Fund's taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited for purposes of this calculation in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund's total assets may be invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, of two or more issuers of which 20% or more of the voting stock is held by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly-traded partnerships.
The Fund may be able to cure a failure to derive 90% of its income from the sources specified above or a failure to diversify its holdings in the manner described above by paying a tax and/or by disposing of certain assets. If, in any taxable year, the Fund fails one of these tests and does not timely cure the failure, the Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income.
Although, in general, the passive loss rules of the Internal Revenue Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to interests in qualified publicly-traded partnerships. The Fund's investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly-traded partnerships, may result in the Fund being subject to state, local, or non-U.S. income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
Taxation of RICs.  As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, the Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., income other than its net realized long-term capital gain over its net realized short-term capital loss), plus or minus certain adjustments, and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. The Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders. If the Fund fails to qualify for any taxable year as a RIC or fails to meet the distribution requirement, all of its taxable income will be subject to tax at regular corporate income tax rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. In such event, distributions to individuals should be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income and distributions to corporate shareholders generally should be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Although the Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and its capital gains for each taxable year, the Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a RIC. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may
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be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the Fund had been liquidated) if it qualifies as a RIC in a subsequent year.
Excise Tax. The Fund will be subject to a 4% excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the 12 months ended October 31 of such year. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by the Fund that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. The Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of this 4% excise tax.
Net Capital Loss Carryforwards.  Net capital loss carryforwards may be applied against any net realized capital gains in each succeeding year, until they have been reduced to zero or until their respective expiration dates, whichever occurs first. Capital loss carryforwards from taxable years beginning after 2010 are not subject to expiration, and short-term and long-term capital loss carryforwards from such taxable years may only be applied against net realized short-term and long-term capital gains, respectively.
In the event that the Fund were to experience an ownership change as defined under the Internal Revenue Code, the Fund’s loss carryforwards and other favorable tax attributes of the Fund, if any, may be subject to limitation.
The Fund had tax basis net capital loss carryforwards as of July 31, 2013, the tax year-end for the Fund:
Non-Expiring 1   Expiring
2017
  Expiring
2018
  Expiring
2019
  Total
$6,417,177   $124,763   $1,478,401   $530,548   $8,550,889

1 Must be utilized prior to losses subject to expiration.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends and other distributions by the Fund are generally treated under the Internal Revenue Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or distribution declared by the Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month shall be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year and to have been paid by the Fund not later than such December 31, provided such dividend is actually paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year.
The Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if the Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (at a maximum rate of 35%) on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s income. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.
Distributions of net realized long-term capital gains, if any, that the Fund reports as capital gains dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund.  Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction. All other dividends of the Fund (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current and accumulated earnings and profits (“regular dividends”) are generally subject to tax as ordinary income, subject to the discussion of qualified dividend income below. Married couples
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filing jointly with income over $450,000 and unmarried individuals with income over $400,000 are subject to a 20% tax on any income in excess of those amounts that is long-term capital gain or qualified dividend income, and generally all other long-term capital gain is taxed at 15% (0% at certain income levels). In addition, the top marginal ordinary income tax rate is 39.6% for income in excess of the above thresholds, which are adjusted annually for inflation.
If an individual receives a regular dividend qualifying for the long-term capital gains rates and such dividend constitutes an “extraordinary dividend,” and the individual subsequently recognizes a loss on the sale or exchange of stock in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term capital loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An “extraordinary dividend” on common stock for this purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 10% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period, or (ii) in an amount greater than 20% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.
Distributions in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds shares of the Fund as capital assets). Distributions in excess of the Fund’s minimum distribution requirements, but not in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits, will be taxable to shareholders and will not constitute nontaxable returns of capital. Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount. Dividends paid by the Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations may qualify for the federal dividends received deduction for corporations.
A 3.8% U.S. federal Medicare contribution tax is imposed on net investment income, including, but not limited to, interest, dividends, and net gain from investments, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married and filing jointly) and of estates and trusts.
Investors considering buying shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them. If the Fund is the holder of record of any security on the record date for any dividends payable with respect to such security, such dividends will be included in the Fund’s gross income not as of the date received but as of the later of (a) the date such security became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends (i.e., the date on which a buyer of the security would not be entitled to receive the declared, but unpaid, dividends); or (b) the date the Fund acquired such security. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, the Fund may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.
In certain situations, the Fund may, for a taxable year, defer all or a portion of its net capital loss realized after October and its late-year ordinary loss (defined as the excess of the Fund’s post-October foreign currency and “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) losses and other post-December ordinary losses over post-October foreign currency and PFIC gains and other post-December ordinary income) until the next taxable year in computing its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, which will defer the recognition of such realized losses. Such deferrals and other rules regarding gains and losses realized after October (or December) may affect the tax character of shareholder distributions.
Sales of Shares.  Upon the sale or exchange of shares of the Fund, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder’s basis in shares of the Fund. A redemption of shares by the Fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the Fund, by, or by an option on, substantially identical shares within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder with respect to such share. The Medicare contribution tax described above will apply to the sale of Fund shares.
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If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of the Fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then, on or before January 31 of the following calendar year, acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain/loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis of the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents shareholders from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting their investments within a family of mutual funds.
Back-Up Withholding.  In certain cases, the Fund will be required to withhold at a 28% rate and remit to the U.S. Treasury such amounts withheld from any distributions paid to a shareholder who: (i) has failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number; (ii) is subject to back-up withholding by the IRS; (iii) has failed to certify to the Fund that such shareholder is not subject to back-up withholding; or (iv) has not certified that such shareholder is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). Back-up withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability.
Sections 351 and 362.  The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has the right to reject an order for a purchase of shares of the Fund if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund and if, pursuant to Sections 351 and 362 of the Internal Revenue Code, the Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. If the Fund’s basis in such securities on the date of deposit was less than market value on such date, the Fund, upon disposition of the securities, would recognize more taxable gain or less taxable loss than if its basis in the securities had been equal to market value. It is not anticipated that the Trust will exercise the right of rejection except in a case where the Trust determines that accepting the order could result in material adverse tax consequences to the Fund or its shareholders. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.
Taxation of Certain Derivatives. The Fund’s transactions in zero coupon securities, non-U.S. currencies, forward contracts, options and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on non-U.S. currencies), to the extent permitted, will be subject to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require the Fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year) and (b) may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. The Fund will monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any zero coupon security, non-U.S. currency, forward contract, option, futures contract or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC.
The Fund’s investments in so-called “Section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most non-U.S. currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market and options on most security indexes, are subject to special tax rules. All Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of its taxable year are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the Fund from positions in Section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were not part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the Fund.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, the Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. The Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, the Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.
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Qualified Dividend Income.  Distributions by the Fund of investment company taxable income (including any short-term capital gains), whether received in cash or shares, will be taxable either as ordinary income or as qualified dividend income, which is eligible to be taxed at long-term capital gain rates to the extent the Fund receives qualified dividend income on the securities it holds and the Fund reports the distribution as qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable U.S. corporations (but generally not from U.S. REITs) and certain non-U.S. corporations (e.g., non-U.S. corporations that are not “passive foreign investment companies” and which are incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or the stock of which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States (where the dividends are paid with respect to such stock)). Under current IRS guidance, the United States has appropriate comprehensive income tax treaties with the following countries: Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China (but not with Hong Kong, which is treated as a separate jurisdiction for U.S. tax purposes), Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela. Substitute payments received by the Fund for securities lent out by the Fund will not be qualified dividend income.
A dividend from the Fund will not be treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that (i) the shareholder has not held the shares on which the dividend was paid for 61 days during the 121-day period that begins on the date that is 60 days before the date on which the shares become ex-dividend with respect to such dividend or the Fund fails to satisfy those holding period requirements with respect to the securities it holds that paid the dividends distributed to the shareholder (or, in the case of certain preferred stocks, the holding requirement of 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend); (ii) the Fund or the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property; or (iii) the shareholder elects to treat such dividend as investment income under Section 163(d)(4)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT or another RIC may be treated as qualified dividend income only to the extent the dividend distributions are attributable to qualified dividend income received by such REIT or other RIC. It is expected that dividends received by the Fund from a REIT and distributed to a shareholder generally will be taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income. Distributions by the Fund of its net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income.
If your Fund shares are loaned pursuant to securities lending arrangements, you may lose the ability to use any non-U.S. tax credits passed through by the Fund or to treat Fund dividends (paid while the shares are held by the borrower) as qualified dividends. Regarding a short sale with respect to shares of the Fund, substitute payments made to the lender of such shares may not be deductible under certain circumstances. Consult your financial intermediary or tax adviser.
Corporate Dividends Received Deduction. Dividends paid by the Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations may qualify for the U.S. federal dividends received deduction for corporations. A 46-day minimum holding period during the 90-day period that begins 45 days prior to ex-dividend date (or 91-day minimum holding period during the 180 period beginning 90 days prior to ex-dividend date for certain preference dividends) during which risk of loss may not be diminished is required for the applicable shares, at both the Fund and shareholder level, for a dividend to be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Restrictions may apply if indebtedness, including a short sale, is attributable to the investment.
Excess Inclusion Income.  Under current law, the Fund will block unrelated business taxable income from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize unrelated business taxable income by virtue of its investment in the Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. Certain types of income received by the Fund from REITs, real estate mortgage investment conduits, taxable mortgage pools or other investments may cause the Fund to report some or all of its distributions as “excess inclusion income.” To Fund shareholders, such excess inclusion income may (i) constitute taxable income, as unrelated business taxable income for those shareholders who would otherwise be tax-exempt such as individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, Keogh plans, pension plans and certain charitable entities; (ii) not be offset by otherwise allowable deductions for tax purposes; (iii) not be eligible for reduced U.S. withholding for non-U.S. shareholders even from tax treaty countries; and (iv) cause the Fund to be subject to tax if certain
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“disqualified organizations,” as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, are Fund shareholders. If a charitable remainder annuity trust or a charitable remainder unitrust (each as defined in Section 664 of the Internal Revenue Code) has unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) for a taxable year, a 100% excise tax on the UBTI is imposed on the trust.
Non-U.S. Investments.  Under Section 988 of the Internal Revenue Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time the Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a non-U.S. currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. In general, gains (and losses) realized on debt instruments will be treated as Section 988 gain (or loss) to the extent attributable to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which the instruments are denominated. Similarly, gains or losses on non-U.S. currency, non-U.S. currency forward contracts and certain non-U.S. currency options or futures contracts denominated in non-U.S. currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss unless the Fund were to elect otherwise.
The Fund may be subject to non-U.S. income taxes withheld at the source. The Fund, if permitted to do so, may elect to “pass through” to its investors the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid by the Fund provided that the Fund held the security on the dividend settlement date and for at least 15 additional days immediately before and/or thereafter, with the result that each investor with respect to shares of the Fund held for a minimum 16-day holding period at the time of deemed distribution will (i) include in gross income, even though not actually received, the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes, and (ii) either deduct (in calculating U.S. taxable income, but only for investors who itemize their deductions on their personal tax returns) or credit (in calculating U.S. federal income tax) the investor’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes. A non-U.S. person invested in the Fund in a year that the Fund elects to “pass through” its non-U.S. taxes may be treated as receiving additional dividend income subject to U.S. withholding tax. A non-U.S. tax credit may not exceed the investor’s U.S. federal income tax otherwise payable with respect to the investor’s non-U.S. source income. For this purpose, shareholders must treat as non-U.S. source gross income (i) their proportionate shares of non-U.S. taxes paid by the Fund and (ii) the portion of any dividend paid by the Fund that represents income derived from non-U.S. sources; the Fund’s gain from the sale of securities will generally be treated as U.S.-source income. Certain limitations will be imposed to the extent to which the non-U.S. tax credit may be claimed.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies.  If the Fund purchases shares in PFICs, it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.
If the Fund were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Internal Revenue Code, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund might be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund, and such amounts would be subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. In order to make this election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain.
Alternatively, the Fund may make a mark-to-market election that would result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased its PFIC stock at the end of each year. In such case, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct any such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. The election must be made separately for each PFIC owned by the Fund and, once made, would be effective for all subsequent taxable years, unless revoked with the consent of the IRS. By making the election, the Fund could potentially ameliorate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The Fund may have to distribute this “phantom” income and gain to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax.
The Fund will make the appropriate tax elections, if possible, and take any additional steps that are necessary to mitigate the effects of these rules.
Reporting.  If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but
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under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Taxes.  Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and non-U.S. taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders.  Dividends paid by the Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term capital gains. Dividends paid by the Fund from net tax-exempt income or long-term capital gains are generally not subject to such withholding tax. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to back-up withholding at the appropriate rate.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, properly-reported dividends are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax where they (i) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, the Fund’s U.S. source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income) or (ii) are paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable year). However, depending on its circumstances, the Fund may report all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, distributions that the Fund reports as “short-term capital gain dividends” or “long-term capital gain dividends” will not be treated as such to a recipient foreign shareholder if the distribution is attributable to gain received from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property or an interest in a U.S. real property holding corporation and the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property exceeded certain levels. Instead, if the foreign shareholder has not owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of distribution, such distributions will be subject to 30% withholding by the Fund and will be treated as ordinary dividends to the foreign shareholder; if the foreign shareholder owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of the distribution, such distribution will be treated as real property gain subject to 35% withholding tax and could subject the foreign shareholder to U.S. filing requirements. Additionally, if the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, a foreign shareholder realizing gains upon redemption from the Fund on or before December 31, 2013 could be subject to the 35% withholding tax and U.S. filing requirements unless more than 50% of the Fund’s shares were owned by U.S. persons at such time or unless the foreign person had not held more than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding shares throughout either such person’s holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years.
The rules laid out in the previous paragraph, other than the withholding rules, will apply notwithstanding the Fund’s participation in a wash sale transaction or its payment of a substitute dividend.
Provided that 50% or more of the value of the Fund’s stock is held by U.S. shareholders, distributions of U.S. real property interests (including securities in a U.S. real property holding corporation, unless such corporation is regularly traded on an established securities market and the Fund has held 5% or less of the outstanding shares of the corporation during the five-year period ending on the date of distribution) occurring on or before December 31, 2013, in redemption of a foreign shareholder’s shares of the Fund will cause the Fund to recognize gain. If the Fund is required to recognize gain, the amount
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of gain recognized will equal to the fair market value of such interests over the Fund’s adjusted bases to the extent of the greatest foreign ownership percentage of the Fund during the five-year period ending on the date of redemption.
A 30% withholding tax will be imposed on U.S.-source dividends, interest and other income items paid after June 30, 2014, and proceeds from the sale of property producing U.S.-source dividends and interest paid after December 31, 2016, to (i) foreign financial institutions, including non-U.S. investment funds, unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders; and (ii) certain other foreign entities, unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information, including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders; comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts; report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained; agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information; and determine certain other information as to their account holders, or (ii) in the event of an intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other foreign entities will need to provide the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership, unless certain exceptions apply, or agree to provide certain information to other revenue authorities for transmittal to the IRS.
Shares of the Fund held by a non-U.S. shareholder at death will be considered situated within the United States and subject to the U.S. estate tax.
The foregoing discussion is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations only and is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Purchasers of shares should consult their own tax advisers as to the tax consequences of investing in such shares, including consequences under state, local and non-U.S. tax laws. Finally, the foregoing discussion is based on applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, judicial authority and administrative interpretations in effect on the date of this SAI. Changes in applicable authority could materially affect the conclusions discussed above, and such changes often occur.
Financial Statements
The Fund's audited Financial Statements, including the Financial Highlights, appearing in the Annual Report to Shareholders and the report therein of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, are hereby incorporated by reference in this SAI. The Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the referenced audited financial statements, is available upon request and without charge.
Miscellaneous Information
Counsel. Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, located at 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019, is counsel to the Trust.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111, serves as the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, audits the Fund's financial statements, and may perform other services.
Shareholder Communications to the Board.  The Board has established a process for shareholders to communicate with the Board. Shareholders may contact the Board by mail. Correspondence should be addressed to iShares Board of Trustees, c/o BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. – Mutual Fund Administration, 400 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. Shareholder communications to the Board should include the following information: (i) the name and address of the shareholder; (ii) the number of shares owned by the shareholder; (iii) the Fund(s) of which the shareholder owns shares; and (iv) if these shares are owned indirectly through a broker, financial intermediary or other record owner, the name of the broker, financial intermediary or other record owner. All correspondence received as set forth above shall be reviewed by the Secretary of the Trust and reported to the Board.
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Regulation Under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive.  The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”) imposes detailed and prescriptive obligations on fund managers established in the EU (“EU Operative Provisions”). These do not currently apply to managers established outside of the EU, such as BFA. Rather, non-EU managers are only required to comply with certain disclosure, reporting and transparency obligations of AIFMD (“AIFMD Disclosure Provisions”) if such managers market a fund to EU investors.
 Where the AIFMD Disclosure Provisions relate to EU Operative Provisions that do not apply to BFA, no meaningful disclosure can be made. These EU Operative Provisions include prescriptive rules on: measuring and capping leverage in line with known European standards; the treatment of investors; the use of 'depositaries'; and coverage for professional liability risks.
 AIFMD imposes certain conditions on the marketing of funds, such as the Fund, to EU investors. AIFMD requires that an ‘alternative investment fund manager’ (“AIFM”) be identified to meet such conditions where such marketing is sought. For these purposes BFA, as the legal entity responsible for performing the portfolio and risk management of the Fund, shall be the AIFM.
 AIFMD requires disclosure on an ongoing basis of certain information relating to the use of special arrangements, leverage, rights of reuse of collateral, guarantees granted under leverage arrangements and the use of gates, side pockets and similar liquidity management tools. Given that the Fund does not use any special arrangements or allow for collateral reuse, it is not intended that such disclosures will need to be made by the Fund. The Fund will, however, to the extent relevant and appropriate, disclose in its annual report information on the Fund's leverage, risk profile and risk management systems employed by BFA. The Fund will also disclose material changes, if any, to the liquidity management systems and procedures employed in respect of the Fund.
 BFA intends to market the following Fund to EU investors in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, and Luxembourg:
 iShares MSCI Kokusai ETF
Investors’ Rights.  The Fund relies on the services of its investment adviser and other service providers, including the distributor, administrator, custodian and transfer agent. Further information about the duties and roles of these service providers is set out in this SAI. Investors who acquire shares of the Fund are not parties to the relevant agreement with these service providers and do not have express contractual rights against the Fund or its service providers, except certain institutional investors that are Authorized Participants may have certain express contractual rights with respect to the Distributor under the terms of the relevant authorized participant agreement. Investors may have certain legal rights under federal or state law against the Fund or its service providers. In the event that an investor considers that it may have a claim against the Fund, or against any service provider in connection with its investment in the Fund, such investor should consult its own legal advisor.
By contract, Authorized Participants irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or U.S. federal court sitting in New York City over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the authorized participant agreement. Jurisdiction over other claims, whether by investors or Authorized Participants, will turn on the facts of the particular case and the law of the jurisdiction in which the proceeding is brought.
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IS-SAI-TOK-0614