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Other Revenues and Other Expenses
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Revenues and Other Expenses Disclosure 17. Other Revenues and Other Expenses
Other Revenues
Information on other revenues, which primarily includes fees related to service contracts from customers, was as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
(In millions)
Vision fee for service arrangements (1)$546 $— $— 
Prepaid legal plans432 395 347 
Fee-based investment management363 318 286 
Recordkeeping and administrative services (2)213 196 206 
Administrative services-only contracts 231 218 210 
Other revenue from service contracts from customers289 227 240 
Total revenues from service contracts from customers
2,074 1,354 1,289 
Other545 495 553 
Total other revenues
$2,619 $1,849 $1,842 
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(1)For information regarding the Company’s acquisition of Versant Health, see Note 3.
(2)Related to products and businesses no longer actively marketed by the Company.
Receivables related to revenues from service contracts from customers were $235 million and $132 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Other Expenses
Information on other expenses was as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
(In millions)
Employee related costs (1)
$3,515 $3,514 $3,665 
Third party staffing costs
1,423 1,335 1,755 
General and administrative expenses
686 761 901 
Pension, postretirement and postemployment benefit costs
147 165 233 
Premium taxes, other taxes, and licenses & fees
629 764 674 
Commissions and other variable expenses
5,463 5,596 6,001 
Capitalization of DAC
(2,718)(3,013)(3,358)
Amortization of DAC and VOBA
2,555 3,160 2,896 
Amortization of negative VOBA
(34)(45)(33)
Interest expense on debt
920 913 955 
Total other expenses
$12,586 $13,150 $13,689 
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(1)Includes ($144) million, ($147) million and ($219) million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for the net change in cash surrender value of investments in certain life insurance policies, net of premiums paid.
Capitalization of DAC and Amortization of DAC and VOBA
See Note 5 for additional information on DAC and VOBA including impacts of capitalization and amortization. See also Note 7 for a description of the DAC amortization impact associated with the closed block.
Expenses related to Debt See Notes 13, 14, and 15 for attribution of interest expense by debt issuance and other expenses related to debt transactions.
Restructuring Charges
In December 2019, the Company incurred the remaining restructuring charges related to its unit cost improvement program. During this program period, restructuring charges were included in other expenses and reported in Corporate & Other. Such restructuring charges were as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
Severance
(In millions)
Balance at January 1,
$6 $57 $23 
Restructuring charges— — 108 
Cash payments(1)(51)(74)
Balance at December 31,
$5 $6 $57 
Total severance charges incurred since inception of initiative
$244 $244 $244 
In addition to the above severance charges, the Company recognized lease and asset impairment charges of $0, $0 and $43 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.