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Fair Value (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, including those items for which the Company has elected the FVO, are presented below at:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
 
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
(In millions)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities AFS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate
 
$

 
$
81,740

 
$
5,374

 
$
87,114

Foreign government
 

 
67,410

 
137

 
67,547

Foreign corporate
 

 
55,580

 
7,520

 
63,100

U.S. government and agency
 
20,145

 
20,657

 

 
40,802

RMBS
 
8

 
26,406

 
3,177

 
29,591

ABS
 

 
13,521

 
824

 
14,345

Municipals
 

 
12,934

 
8

 
12,942

CMBS
 

 
10,262

 
346

 
10,608

Total fixed maturity securities AFS
 
20,153

 
288,510

 
17,386

 
326,049

Equity securities
 
795

 
109

 
437

 
1,341

Unit-linked and FVO Securities (1)
 
10,270

 
1,902

 
499

 
12,671

Short-term investments (2)
 
929

 
1,556

 
374

 
2,859

Residential mortgage loans — FVO
 

 

 
218

 
218

Other investments
 
73

 
151

 
323

 
547

Derivative assets: (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
 
4

 
7,989

 
291

 
8,284

Foreign currency exchange rate
 

 
3,542

 
69

 
3,611

Credit
 

 
208

 
32

 
240

Equity market
 
7

 
754

 
49

 
810

Total derivative assets
 
11

 
12,493

 
441

 
12,945

Embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (4)
 

 

 
64

 
64

Separate account assets (5)
 
88,435

 
100,966

 
956

 
190,357

Total assets (6)
 
$
120,666

 
$
405,687

 
$
20,698

 
$
547,051

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities: (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
 
$
1

 
$
203

 
$
24

 
$
228

Foreign currency exchange rate
 
3

 
2,485

 
82

 
2,570

Credit
 

 
86

 

 
86

Equity market
 
16

 
686

 
94

 
796

Total derivative liabilities
 
20

 
3,460

 
200

 
3,680

Embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (4)
 

 

 
1,188

 
1,188

Separate account liabilities (5)
 
1

 
30

 
9

 
40

Total liabilities
 
$
21

 
$
3,490

 
$
1,397

 
$
4,908

 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
 
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
(In millions)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities AFS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate
 
$

 
$
74,874

 
$
4,074

 
$
78,948

Foreign government
 

 
62,150

 
138

 
62,288

Foreign corporate
 

 
50,310

 
6,393

 
56,703

U.S. government and agency
 
19,656

 
19,666

 

 
39,322

RMBS
 

 
24,734

 
3,227

 
27,961

ABS
 

 
11,775

 
697

 
12,472

Municipals
 

 
11,533

 

 
11,533

CMBS
 

 
8,696

 
342

 
9,038

Total fixed maturity securities AFS
 
19,656

 
263,738

 
14,871

 
298,265

Equity securities
 
916

 
105

 
419

 
1,440

Unit-linked and FVO Securities (1)
 
10,216

 
1,995

 
405

 
12,616

Short-term investments (2)
 
1,470

 
1,746

 
33

 
3,249

Residential mortgage loans — FVO
 

 

 
299

 
299

Other investments
 
80

 
118

 
39

 
237

Derivative assets: (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
 
1

 
4,809

 
33

 
4,843

Foreign currency exchange rate
 
4

 
2,922

 
52

 
2,978

Credit
 

 
91

 
29

 
120

Equity market
 
13

 
956

 
59

 
1,028

Total derivative assets
 
18

 
8,778

 
173

 
8,969

Embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (4)
 

 

 
71

 
71

Separate account assets (5)
 
79,726

 
94,886

 
944

 
175,556

Total assets (6)
 
$
112,082

 
$
371,366

 
$
17,254

 
$
500,702

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities: (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
 
$
3

 
$
194

 
$
218

 
$
415

Foreign currency exchange rate
 

 
2,660

 
89

 
2,749

Credit
 

 
48

 
4

 
52

Equity market
 
77

 
550

 
87

 
714

Total derivative liabilities
 
80

 
3,452

 
398

 
3,930

Embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (4)
 

 

 
810

 
810

Separate account liabilities (5)
 
1

 
20

 
7

 
28

Total liabilities
 
$
81

 
$
3,472

 
$
1,215

 
$
4,768

__________________
(1)
Unit-linked and FVO Securities were primarily comprised of Unit-linked investments at both September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
(2)
Short-term investments as presented in the tables above differ from the amounts presented on the consolidated balance sheets because certain short-term investments are not measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis.
(3)
Derivative assets are presented within other invested assets on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets and derivative liabilities are presented within other liabilities on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amounts are presented gross in the tables above to reflect the presentation on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, but are presented net for purposes of the rollforward in the Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) tables.
(4)
Embedded derivatives within asset host contracts are presented within premiums, reinsurance and other receivables and other invested assets on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. Embedded derivatives within liability host contracts are presented within policyholder account balances and other liabilities on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(5)
Investment performance related to separate account assets is fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to contractholders whose liability is reflected within separate account liabilities. Separate account liabilities are set equal to the estimated fair value of separate account assets. Separate account liabilities presented in the tables above represent derivative liabilities.
(6)
Total assets included in the fair value hierarchy excluded other limited partnership interests that are measured at estimated fair value using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the estimated fair value of such investments was $103 million and $145 million, respectively.
Fair Value Inputs, Quantitative Information
The following table presents certain quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement, and the sensitivity of the estimated fair value to changes in those inputs, for the more significant asset and liability classes measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) at:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Impact of
Increase in Input
on Estimated
Fair Value (2)
 
Valuation
Techniques
 
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted
Average (1)
 
Range
 
Weighted
Average (1)
 
Fixed maturity securities AFS (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate and foreign corporate
Matrix pricing
 
Offered quotes (4)
 
50
-
147
 
114
 
85
-
134
 
104
 
Increase
 
Market pricing
 
Quoted prices (4)
 
25
-
451
 
118
 
25
-
638
 
110
 
Increase
 
Consensus pricing
 
Offered quotes (4)
 
95
-
113
 
103
 
100
-
110
 
102
 
Increase
RMBS
Market pricing
 
Quoted prices (4)
 
-
115
 
96
 
-
106
 
94
 
Increase (5)
ABS
Market pricing
 
Quoted prices (4)
 
3
-
124
 
97
 
3
-
116
 
97
 
Increase (5)
 
Consensus pricing
 
Offered quotes (4)
 
96
-
105
 
102
 
100
-
103
 
101
 
Increase (5)
Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
Present value techniques
 
Swap yield (6)
 
164
-
221
 
 
 
268
-
317
 
 
 
Increase (7)
 
 
 
 
Repurchase rates (8)
 
(7)
-
5
 
 
 
(5)
-
6
 
 
 
Decrease (7)
Foreign currency exchange rate
Present value techniques
 
Swap yield (6)
 
(169)
-
328
 
 
 
(20)
-
328
 
 
 
Increase (7)
Credit
Present value techniques
 
Credit spreads (9)
 
96
-
100
 
 
 
97
-
103
 
 
 
Decrease (7)
 
Consensus pricing
 
Offered quotes (10)
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity market
Present value techniques or option pricing models
 
Volatility (11)
 
16%
-
24%
 
 
 
21%
-
26%
 
 
 
Increase (7)
 
 
 
 
Correlation (12)
 
10%
-
30%
 
 
 
10%
-
30%
 
 
 
 
Embedded derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct, assumed and ceded guaranteed minimum benefits
Option pricing techniques
 
Mortality rates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ages 0 - 40
 
0%
-
0.18%
 
 
 
0%
-
0.18%
 
 
 
Decrease (13)
 
 
 
 
 
Ages 41 - 60
 
0.03%
-
0.80%
 
 
 
0.03%
-
0.80%
 
 
 
Decrease (13)
 
 
 
 
 
Ages 61 - 115
 
0.13%
-
100%
 
 
 
0.12%
-
100%
 
 
 
Decrease (13)
 
 
 
 
Lapse rates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Durations 1 - 10
 
0.25%
-
100%
 
 
 
0.25%
-
100%
 
 
 
Decrease (14)
 
 
 
 
 
Durations 11 - 20
 
0.50%
-
100%
 
 
 
2%
-
100%
 
 
 
Decrease (14)
 
 
 
 
 
Durations 21 - 116
 
0.50%
-
100%
 
 
 
1.25%
-
100%
 
 
 
Decrease (14)
 
 
 
 
Utilization rates
 
0%
-
22%
 
 
 
0%
-
25%
 
 
 
Increase (15)
 
 
 
 
Withdrawal rates
 
0%
-
20%
 
 
 
0%
-
20%
 
 
 
(16)
 
 
 
 
Long-term equity volatilities
 
5.85%
-
30%
 
 
 
7.16%
-
30%
 
 
 
Increase (17)
 
 
 
 
Nonperformance risk spread
 
0.04%
-
1.52%
 
 
 
0.04%
-
1.77%
 
 
 
Decrease (18)
__________________
(1)
The weighted average for fixed maturity securities AFS is determined based on the estimated fair value of the securities.
(2)
The impact of a decrease in input would have resulted in the opposite impact on estimated fair value. For embedded derivatives, changes to direct and assumed guaranteed minimum benefits are based on liability positions; changes to ceded guaranteed minimum benefits are based on asset positions.
(3)
Significant increases (decreases) in expected default rates in isolation would have resulted in substantially lower (higher) valuations.
(4)
Range and weighted average are presented in accordance with the market convention for fixed maturity securities AFS of dollars per hundred dollars of par.
(5)
Changes in the assumptions used for the probability of default would have been accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumption used for the loss severity and a directionally opposite change in the assumptions used for prepayment rates.
(6)
Ranges represent the rates across different yield curves and are presented in basis points. The swap yield curves are utilized among different types of derivatives to project cash flows, as well as to discount future cash flows to present value. Since this valuation methodology uses a range of inputs across a yield curve to value the derivative, presenting a range is more representative of the unobservable input used in the valuation.
(7)
Changes in estimated fair value are based on long U.S. dollar net asset positions and will be inversely impacted for short U.S. dollar net asset positions.
(8)
Ranges represent different repurchase rates utilized as components within the valuation methodology and are presented in basis points.
(9)
Represents the risk quoted in basis points of a credit default event on the underlying instrument. Credit derivatives with significant unobservable inputs are primarily comprised of written credit default swaps.
(10)
At both September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, independent non-binding broker quotations were used in the determination of less than 1% of the total net derivative estimated fair value.
(11)
Ranges represent the underlying equity volatility quoted in percentage points. Since this valuation methodology uses a range of inputs across multiple volatility surfaces to value the derivative, presenting a range is more representative of the unobservable input used in the valuation.
(12)
Ranges represent the different correlation factors utilized as components within the valuation methodology. Presenting a range of correlation factors is more representative of the unobservable input used in the valuation. Increases (decreases) in correlation in isolation will increase (decrease) the significance of the change in valuations.
(13)
Mortality rates vary by age and by demographic characteristics such as gender. Mortality rate assumptions are based on company experience. A mortality improvement assumption is also applied. For any given contract, mortality rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative.
(14)
Base lapse rates are adjusted at the contract level based on a comparison of the actuarially calculated guaranteed values and the current policyholder account value, as well as other factors, such as the applicability of any surrender charges. A dynamic lapse function reduces the base lapse rate when the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value as in the money contracts are less likely to lapse. Lapse rates are also generally assumed to be lower in periods when a surrender charge applies. For any given contract, lapse rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative.
(15)
The utilization rate assumption estimates the percentage of contractholders with a GMIB or lifetime withdrawal benefit who will elect to utilize the benefit upon becoming eligible. The rates may vary by the type of guarantee, the amount by which the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value, the contract’s withdrawal history and by the age of the policyholder. For any given contract, utilization rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative.
(16)
The withdrawal rate represents the percentage of account balance that any given policyholder will elect to withdraw from the contract each year. The withdrawal rate assumption varies by age and duration of the contract, and also by other factors such as benefit type. For any given contract, withdrawal rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. For GMWBs, any increase (decrease) in withdrawal rates results in an increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of the guarantees. For GMABs and GMIBs, any increase (decrease) in withdrawal rates results in a decrease (increase) in the estimated fair value.
(17)
Long-term equity volatilities represent equity volatility beyond the period for which observable equity volatilities are available. For any given contract, long-term equity volatility rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative.
(18)
Nonperformance risk spread varies by duration and by currency. For any given contract, multiple nonperformance risk spreads will apply, depending on the duration of the cash flow being discounted for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative.
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
The following tables summarize the change of all assets and (liabilities) measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Fixed Maturity Securities AFS
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate (1)
 
Foreign
Government
 
Structured
Securities
 
Municipals
 
Equity
Securities
 
Unit-linked and FVO
Securities
 
 
(In millions)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
11,607

 
$
143

 
$
4,155

 
$
7

 
$
457

 
$
494

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2), (3)
 
(12
)
 
(1
)
 
11

 

 
1

 
(2
)
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 
111

 
(5
)
 
5

 
1

 

 

Purchases (4)
 
922

 

 
525

 

 
1

 
74

Sales (4)
 
(260
)
 
(1
)
 
(179
)
 

 
(22
)
 
(65
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 
605

 
2

 

 

 

 

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 
(79
)
 
(1
)
 
(170
)
 

 

 
(2
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
12,894

 
$
137

 
$
4,347

 
$
8

 
$
437

 
$
499

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
10,621

 
$
156

 
$
4,677

 
$
8

 
$
408

 
$
269

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2), (3)
 
2

 

 
30

 

 
(1
)
 
(2
)
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 
(176
)
 
(4
)
 
(15
)
 

 

 

Purchases (4)
 
594

 
4

 
746

 

 
6

 
48

Sales (4)
 
(497
)
 
(6
)
 
(281
)
 

 
(7
)
 
(32
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 
84

 
5

 
36

 

 
45

 
12

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 
(295
)
 
(15
)
 
(977
)
 
(8
)
 
(8
)
 
(69
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
10,333

 
$
140

 
$
4,216

 
$

 
$
443

 
$
226

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2019 (6)
 
$
(6
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
10

 
$

 
$
1

 
$
(6
)
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2018 (6)
 
$
2

 
$

 
$
27

 
$

 
$

 
$
(2
)
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Short-term
Investments
 
Residential
Mortgage
Loans — FVO
 
Other
Investments
 
Net
Derivatives (7)
 
Net Embedded
Derivatives (8)
 
Separate
Accounts (9)
 
 
(In millions)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
123

 
$
262

 
$
232

 
$
105

 
$
(835
)
 
$
925

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2), (3)
 

 
2

 

 
27

 
(218
)
 
5

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 
(1
)
 

 

 
216

 
1

 

Purchases (4)
 
255

 

 
91

 

 

 
107

Sales (4)
 
(3
)
 
(39
)
 

 

 

 
(88
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements (4)
 

 
(7
)
 

 
(107
)
 
(72
)
 
(2
)
Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, end of period
 
$
374

 
$
218

 
$
323

 
$
241

 
$
(1,124
)
 
$
947

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
559

 
$
405

 
$

 
$
(267
)
 
$
(240
)
 
$
1,138

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2), (3)
 

 
4

 

 
(70
)
 
167

 
2

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 
(3
)
 

 

 
(107
)
 
9

 

Purchases (4)
 
102

 

 

 

 

 
148

Sales (4)
 
(2
)
 
(70
)
 

 

 

 
(215
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements (4)
 

 
(16
)
 

 
37

 
(75
)
 

Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 

 

 

 

 

 
5

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 
(2
)
 

 

 

 

 
(77
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
654

 
$
323

 
$

 
$
(407
)
 
$
(139
)
 
$
1,001

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2019 (6)
 
$

 
$
(8
)
 
$

 
$
(22
)
 
$
(219
)
 
$

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2018 (6)
 
$

 
$
(5
)
 
$

 
$
(38
)
 
$
168

 
$


 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Fixed Maturity Securities AFS
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate (1)
 
Foreign
Government
 
Structured
Securities
 
Municipals
 
Equity
Securities
 
Unit-linked and FVO
Securities
 
 
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
10,467

 
$
138

 
$
4,266

 
$

 
$
419

 
$
405

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2), (3)
 
(6
)
 

 
36

 

 
29

 
21

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 
717

 
(6
)
 
65

 
1

 

 

Purchases (4)
 
2,073

 
4

 
948

 
7

 
49

 
117

Sales (4)
 
(618
)
 
(6
)
 
(508
)
 

 
(60
)
 
(41
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 
601

 
12

 
2

 

 

 
3

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 
(340
)
 
(5
)
 
(462
)
 

 

 
(6
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
12,894

 
$
137

 
$
4,347

 
$
8

 
$
437

 
$
499

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
11,219

 
$
209

 
$
4,841

 
$

 
$
428

 
$
362

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2), (3)
 
13

 
1

 
73

 

 
(11
)
 
(7
)
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 
(621
)
 
(16
)
 
1

 

 

 

Purchases (4)
 
1,606

 
5

 
919

 

 
11

 
77

Sales (4)
 
(1,366
)
 
(21
)
 
(788
)
 

 
(20
)
 
(162
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 
88

 

 
50

 

 
45

 
10

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 
(606
)
 
(38
)
 
(880
)
 

 
(10
)
 
(54
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
10,333

 
$
140

 
$
4,216

 
$

 
$
443

 
$
226

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2019 (6)
 
$
(10
)
 
$

 
$
35

 
$

 
$
21

 
$
17

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2018 (6)
 
$
3

 
$
1

 
$
66

 
$

 
$

 
$
(8
)
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Short-term
Investments
 
Residential
Mortgage
Loans — FVO
 
Other
Investments
 
Net
Derivatives (7)
 
Net Embedded
Derivatives (8)
 
Separate
Accounts (9)
 
 
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
33

 
$
299

 
$
39

 
$
(225
)
 
$
(739
)
 
$
937

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2), (3)
 

 
8

 

 
48

 
(170
)
 
10

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 
(2
)
 

 

 
439

 
(7
)
 

Purchases (4)
 
372

 

 
284

 
4

 

 
147

Sales (4)
 
(31
)
 
(64
)
 

 

 

 
(146
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 
(1
)
 

 
2

Settlements (4)
 

 
(25
)
 

 
(24
)
 
(208
)
 
(3
)
Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 
2

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, end of period
 
$
374

 
$
218

 
$
323

 
$
241

 
$
(1,124
)
 
$
947

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
33

 
$
520

 
$

 
$
(132
)
 
$
(274
)
 
$
959

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2), (3)
 

 
7

 

 
(151
)
 
355

 
2

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 
(7
)
 

 

 
(228
)
 
6

 

Purchases (4)
 
659

 

 

 
4

 

 
200

Sales (4)
 
(11
)
 
(151
)
 

 

 

 
(162
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 
(3
)
Settlements (4)
 

 
(53
)
 

 
100

 
(226
)
 

Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 

 

 

 

 

 
81

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 
(20
)
 

 

 

 

 
(76
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
654

 
$
323

 
$

 
$
(407
)
 
$
(139
)
 
$
1,001

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2019 (6)
 
$

 
$
(7
)
 
$

 
$
27

 
$
(173
)
 
$

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2018 (6)
 
$

 
$
(13
)
 
$

 
$
(66
)
 
$
352

 
$

__________________
(1)
Comprised of U.S. and foreign corporate securities.
(2)
Amortization of premium/accretion of discount is included within net investment income. Impairments charged to net income (loss) on securities are included in net investment gains (losses), while changes in estimated fair value of residential mortgage loans — FVO are included in net investment income. Lapses associated with net embedded derivatives are included in net derivative gains (losses). Substantially all realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for net derivatives and net embedded derivatives are reported in net derivative gains (losses).
(3)
Interest and dividend accruals, as well as cash interest coupons and dividends received, are excluded from the rollforward.
(4)
Items purchased/issued and then sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. Fees attributed to embedded derivatives are included in settlements.
(5)
Items transferred into and then out of Level 3 in the same period are excluded from the rollforward.
(6)
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) relate to assets and liabilities still held at the end of the respective periods. Substantially all changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for net derivatives and net embedded derivatives are reported in net derivative gains (losses).
(7)
Freestanding derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward.
(8)
Embedded derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward.
(9)
Investment performance related to separate account assets is fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to contractholders within separate account liabilities. Therefore, such changes in estimated fair value are not recorded in net income (loss). For the purpose of this disclosure, these changes are presented within net investment gains (losses). Separate account assets and liabilities are presented net for the purposes of the rollforward.
Fair Value Option The following table presents information for residential mortgage loans, which are accounted for under the FVO and were initially measured at fair value.
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
(In millions)
Unpaid principal balance
 
$
245

 
$
344

Difference between estimated fair value and unpaid principal balance
 
(27
)
 
(45
)
Carrying value at estimated fair value
 
$
218

 
$
299

Loans in nonaccrual status
 
$
58

 
$
89

Loans more than 90 days past due
 
$
23

 
$
41

Loans in nonaccrual status or more than 90 days past due, or both — difference between aggregate estimated fair value and unpaid principal balance
 
$
(24
)
 
$
(36
)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Other Than Fair Value
The carrying values and estimated fair values for such financial instruments, and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows at:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
 
 
 
Carrying
Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
(In millions)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans
 
$
78,741

 
$

 
$

 
$
81,906

 
$
81,906

Policy loans
 
$
9,671

 
$

 
$
329

 
$
11,512

 
$
11,841

Other invested assets
 
$
1,143

 
$

 
$
800

 
$
343

 
$
1,143

Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables
 
$
3,632

 
$

 
$
957

 
$
2,886

 
$
3,843

Other assets
 
$
277

 
$

 
$
129

 
$
146

 
$
275

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policyholder account balances
 
$
116,170

 
$

 
$

 
$
120,840

 
$
120,840

Long-term debt
 
$
13,313

 
$

 
$
15,715

 
$

 
$
15,715

Collateral financing arrangement
 
$
1,013

 
$

 
$

 
$
826

 
$
826

Junior subordinated debt securities
 
$
3,149

 
$

 
$
4,297

 
$

 
$
4,297

Other liabilities
 
$
3,091

 
$

 
$
1,484

 
$
2,487

 
$
3,971

Separate account liabilities
 
$
114,274

 
$

 
$
114,274

 
$

 
$
114,274

 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
 
 
 
Carrying
Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
(In millions)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans
 
$
75,453

 
$

 
$

 
$
76,379

 
$
76,379

Policy loans
 
$
9,699

 
$

 
$
338

 
$
11,028

 
$
11,366

Other invested assets
 
$
1,177

 
$

 
$
793

 
$
383

 
$
1,176

Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables
 
$
3,658

 
$

 
$
903

 
$
2,894

 
$
3,797

Other assets
 
$
326

 
$

 
$
164

 
$
186

 
$
350

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policyholder account balances
 
$
114,040

 
$

 
$

 
$
114,924

 
$
114,924

Long-term debt
 
$
12,820

 
$

 
$
13,611

 
$

 
$
13,611

Collateral financing arrangement
 
$
1,060

 
$

 
$

 
$
853

 
$
853

Junior subordinated debt securities
 
$
3,147

 
$

 
$
3,738

 
$

 
$
3,738

Other liabilities
 
$
2,963

 
$

 
$
1,324

 
$
2,194

 
$
3,518

Separate account liabilities
 
$
104,010

 
$

 
$
104,010

 
$

 
$
104,010