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Fair Value (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, including those items for which the Company has elected the FVO, are presented below at:
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
 
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
(In millions)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities AFS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate
 
$

 
$
79,812

 
$
3,983

 
$
83,795

Foreign government
 

 
60,332

 
140

 
60,472

Foreign corporate
 

 
47,870

 
6,350

 
54,220

U.S. government and agency
 
25,246

 
20,326

 

 
45,572

RMBS
 

 
24,560

 
3,098

 
27,658

State and political subdivision
 

 
11,600

 

 
11,600

ABS
 

 
12,030

 
785

 
12,815

CMBS
 

 
8,375

 
333

 
8,708

Total fixed maturity securities AFS
 
25,246

 
264,905

 
14,689

 
304,840

Equity securities
 
941

 
95

 
443

 
1,479

Unit-linked and FVO Securities (1)
 
11,235

 
2,079

 
226

 
13,540

Other limited partnership interests
 

 

 
155

 
155

Short-term investments (2)
 
1,615

 
2,299

 
654

 
4,568

Residential mortgage loans — FVO
 

 

 
323

 
323

Other investments
 
85

 
111

 

 
196

Derivative assets: (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
 
1

 
4,046

 

 
4,047

Foreign currency exchange rate
 

 
2,234

 
78

 
2,312

Credit
 

 
214

 
35

 
249

Equity market
 
8

 
603

 
69

 
680

Total derivative assets
 
9

 
7,097

 
182

 
7,288

Embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (4)
 

 

 
57

 
57

Separate account assets (5)
 
83,754

 
100,653

 
1,009

 
185,416

Total assets
 
$
122,885

 
$
377,239

 
$
17,738

 
$
517,862

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities: (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
 
$
4

 
$
316

 
$
327

 
$
647

Foreign currency exchange rate
 
5

 
2,799

 
56

 
2,860

Credit
 

 
43

 

 
43

Equity market
 
5

 
756

 
206

 
967

Total derivative liabilities
 
14

 
3,914

 
589

 
4,517

Embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (4)
 

 

 
196

 
196

Separate account liabilities (5)
 

 
8

 
8

 
16

Total liabilities
 
$
14

 
$
3,922

 
$
793

 
$
4,729

 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
 
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
(In millions)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities AFS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate
 
$

 
$
78,171

 
$
4,490

 
$
82,661

Foreign government
 

 
61,325

 
209

 
61,534

Foreign corporate
 

 
48,840

 
6,729

 
55,569

U.S. government and agency
 
26,052

 
21,342

 

 
47,394

RMBS
 

 
25,339

 
3,461

 
28,800

State and political subdivision
 

 
12,455

 

 
12,455

ABS
 

 
11,204

 
1,087

 
12,291

CMBS
 

 
7,934

 
293

 
8,227

Total fixed maturity securities AFS
 
26,052

 
266,610

 
16,269

 
308,931

Equity securities
 
1,104

 
981

 
428

 
2,513

Unit-linked and FVO Securities (1)
 
14,028

 
2,355

 
362

 
16,745

Short-term investments (2)
 
3,001

 
1,252

 
33

 
4,286

Residential mortgage loans — FVO
 

 

 
520

 
520

Other investments
 
81

 
84

 

 
165

Derivative assets: (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
 
2

 
5,553

 
8

 
5,563

Foreign currency exchange rate
 
2

 
1,954

 
113

 
2,069

Credit
 

 
240

 
38

 
278

Equity market
 
18

 
548

 
75

 
641

Total derivative assets
 
22

 
8,295

 
234

 
8,551

Embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (4)
 

 

 
144

 
144

Separate account assets (5)
 
89,916

 
114,124

 
961

 
205,001

Total assets
 
$
134,204

 
$
393,701

 
$
18,951

 
$
546,856

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities: (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
 
$
4

 
$
638

 
$
130

 
$
772

Foreign currency exchange rate
 

 
2,553

 
37

 
2,590

Credit
 

 
43

 

 
43

Equity market
 
4

 
731

 
199

 
934

Total derivative liabilities
 
8

 
3,965

 
366

 
4,339

Embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (4)
 

 

 
418

 
418

Separate account liabilities (5)
 

 
7

 
2

 
9

Total liabilities
 
$
8

 
$
3,972

 
$
786

 
$
4,766

__________________
(1)
Unit-linked and FVO Securities were primarily comprised of Unit-linked investments at both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(2)
Short-term investments as presented in the tables above differ from the amounts presented on the consolidated balance sheets because certain short-term investments are not measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis.
(3)
Derivative assets are presented within other invested assets on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets and derivative liabilities are presented within other liabilities on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amounts are presented gross in the tables above to reflect the presentation on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, but are presented net for purposes of the rollforward in the Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) tables.
(4)
Embedded derivatives within asset host contracts are presented within premiums, reinsurance and other receivables and other invested assets on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. Embedded derivatives within liability host contracts are presented within policyholder account balances and other liabilities on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, debt and equity securities also included embedded derivatives of $0 and ($132) million, respectively.
(5)
Investment performance related to separate account assets is fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to contractholders whose liability is reflected within separate account liabilities. Separate account liabilities are set equal to the estimated fair value of separate account assets. Separate account liabilities presented in the tables above represent derivative liabilities.
Fair Value Inputs, Quantitative Information
The following table presents certain quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement, and the sensitivity of the estimated fair value to changes in those inputs, for the more significant asset and liability classes measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) at:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Impact of
Increase in Input
on Estimated
Fair Value (2)
 
Valuation
Techniques
 
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted
Average (1)
 
Range
 
Weighted
Average (1)
 
Fixed maturity securities AFS (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate and foreign corporate
Matrix pricing
 
Offered quotes (4)
 
85
-
126
 
104
 
83
-
142
 
110
 
Increase
 
Market pricing
 
Quoted prices (4)
 
37
-
703
 
128
 
10
-
443
 
121
 
Increase
 
Consensus pricing
 
Offered quotes (4)
 
98
-
108
 
100
 
97
-
104
 
101
 
Increase
RMBS
Market pricing
 
Quoted prices (4)
 
-
109
 
94
 
-
126
 
94
 
Increase (5)
ABS
Market pricing
 
Quoted prices (4)
 
3
-
117
 
100
 
5
-
117
 
100
 
Increase (5)
 
Consensus pricing
 
Offered quotes (4)
 
99
-
102
 
100
 
100
-
103
 
100
 
Increase (5)
Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
Present value techniques
 
Swap yield (6)
 
310
-
331
 
 
 
200
-
300
 
 
 
Increase (7)
 
 
 
 
Repurchase rates (8)
 
(5)
-
55
 
 
 
(5)
-
5
 
 
 
Decrease (7)
Foreign currency exchange rate
Present value techniques
 
Swap yield (6)
 
(60)
-
328
 
 
 
(14)
-
309
 
 
 
Increase (7)
Credit
Present value techniques
 
Credit spreads (9)
 
96
-
100
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
Decrease (7)
 
Consensus pricing
 
Offered quotes (10)
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity market
Present value techniques or option pricing models
 
Volatility (11)
 
11%
-
26%
 
 
 
11%
-
31%
 
 
 
Increase (7)
 
 
 
 
Correlation (12)
 
10%
-
30%
 
 
 
10%
-
30%
 
 
 
 
Embedded derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct, assumed and ceded guaranteed minimum benefits
Option pricing techniques
 
Mortality rates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ages 0 - 40
 
0%
-
0.21%
 
 
 
0%
-
0.21%
 
 
 
Decrease (13)
 
 
 
 
 
Ages 41 - 60
 
0.03%
-
0.80%
 
 
 
0.03%
-
0.75%
 
 
 
Decrease (13)
 
 
 
 
 
Ages 61 - 115
 
0.15%
-
100%
 
 
 
0.15%
-
100%
 
 
 
Decrease (13)
 
 
 
 
Lapse rates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Durations 1 - 10
 
0.25%
-
100%
 
 
 
0.25%
-
100%
 
 
 
Decrease (14)
 
 
 
 
 
Durations 11 - 20
 
2%
-
100%
 
 
 
2%
-
100%
 
 
 
Decrease (14)
 
 
 
 
 
Durations 21 - 116
 
1.25%
-
100%
 
 
 
1.25%
-
100%
 
 
 
Decrease (14)
 
 
 
 
Utilization rates
 
0%
-
25%
 
 
 
0%
-
25%
 
 
 
Increase (15)
 
 
 
 
Withdrawal rates
 
0%
-
20%
 
 
 
0%
-
20%
 
 
 
(16)
 
 
 
 
Long-term equity volatilities
 
7.21%
-
33%
 
 
 
8.25%
-
33%
 
 
 
Increase (17)
 
 
 
 
Nonperformance risk spread
 
0.03%
-
1.51%
 
 
 
0.02%
-
1.32%
 
 
 
Decrease (18)
__________________
(1)
The weighted average for fixed maturity securities AFS is determined based on the estimated fair value of the securities.
(2)
The impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact on estimated fair value. For embedded derivatives, changes to direct and assumed guaranteed minimum benefits are based on liability positions; changes to ceded guaranteed minimum benefits are based on asset positions.
(3)
Significant increases (decreases) in expected default rates in isolation would result in substantially lower (higher) valuations.
(4)
Range and weighted average are presented in accordance with the market convention for fixed maturity securities AFS of dollars per hundred dollars of par.
(5)
Changes in the assumptions used for the probability of default are accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumption used for the loss severity and a directionally opposite change in the assumptions used for prepayment rates.
(6)
Ranges represent the rates across different yield curves and are presented in basis points. The swap yield curves are utilized among different types of derivatives to project cash flows, as well as to discount future cash flows to present value. Since this valuation methodology uses a range of inputs across a yield curve to value the derivative, presenting a range is more representative of the unobservable input used in the valuation.
(7)
Changes in estimated fair value are based on long U.S. dollar net asset positions and will be inversely impacted for short U.S. dollar net asset positions.
(8)
Ranges represent different repurchase rates utilized as components within the valuation methodology and are presented in basis points.
(9)
Represents the risk quoted in basis points of a credit default event on the underlying instrument. Credit derivatives with significant unobservable inputs are primarily comprised of written credit default swaps.
(10)
At both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, independent non-binding broker quotations were used in the determination of less than 1% of the total net derivative estimated fair value.
(11)
Ranges represent the underlying equity volatility quoted in percentage points. Since this valuation methodology uses a range of inputs across multiple volatility surfaces to value the derivative, presenting a range is more representative of the unobservable input used in the valuation.
(12)
Ranges represent the different correlation factors utilized as components within the valuation methodology. Presenting a range of correlation factors is more representative of the unobservable input used in the valuation. Increases (decreases) in correlation in isolation will increase (decrease) the significance of the change in valuations.
(13)
Mortality rates vary by age and by demographic characteristics such as gender. Mortality rate assumptions are based on company experience. A mortality improvement assumption is also applied. For any given contract, mortality rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative.
(14)
Base lapse rates are adjusted at the contract level based on a comparison of the actuarially calculated guaranteed values and the current policyholder account value, as well as other factors, such as the applicability of any surrender charges. A dynamic lapse function reduces the base lapse rate when the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value as in the money contracts are less likely to lapse. Lapse rates are also generally assumed to be lower in periods when a surrender charge applies. For any given contract, lapse rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative.
(15)
The utilization rate assumption estimates the percentage of contractholders with a GMIB or lifetime withdrawal benefit who will elect to utilize the benefit upon becoming eligible. The rates may vary by the type of guarantee, the amount by which the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value, the contract’s withdrawal history and by the age of the policyholder. For any given contract, utilization rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative.
(16)
The withdrawal rate represents the percentage of account balance that any given policyholder will elect to withdraw from the contract each year. The withdrawal rate assumption varies by age and duration of the contract, and also by other factors such as benefit type. For any given contract, withdrawal rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. For GMWBs, any increase (decrease) in withdrawal rates results in an increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of the guarantees. For GMABs and GMIBs, any increase (decrease) in withdrawal rates results in a decrease (increase) in the estimated fair value.
(17)
Long-term equity volatilities represent equity volatility beyond the period for which observable equity volatilities are available. For any given contract, long-term equity volatility rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative.
(18)
Nonperformance risk spread varies by duration and by currency. For any given contract, multiple nonperformance risk spreads will apply, depending on the duration of the cash flow being discounted for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative.
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
The following tables summarize the change of all assets (liabilities) measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Fixed Maturity Securities AFS
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate (1)
 
Foreign
Government
 
Structured
Securities
 
State and
Political
Subdivision
 
Equity
Securities
 
Unit-linked and FVO
Securities
 
 
(In millions)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
10,621

 
$
156

 
$
4,677

 
$
8

 
$
408

 
$
269

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2), (3)
 
2

 

 
30

 

 
(1
)
 
(2
)
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 
(176
)
 
(4
)
 
(15
)
 

 

 

Purchases (4)
 
594

 
4

 
746

 

 
6

 
48

Sales (4)
 
(497
)
 
(6
)
 
(281
)
 

 
(7
)
 
(32
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 
84

 
5

 
36

 

 
45

 
12

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 
(295
)
 
(15
)
 
(977
)
 
(8
)
 
(8
)
 
(69
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
10,333

 
$
140

 
$
4,216

 
$

 
$
443

 
$
226

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
11,632

 
$
208

 
$
4,939

 
$

 
$
468

 
$
312

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2), (3)
 
(3
)
 
1

 
13

 

 
(1
)
 
7

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 
164

 
(2
)
 
31

 

 
(4
)
 

Purchases (4)
 
713

 

 
468

 

 
13

 
73

Sales (4)
 
(285
)
 

 
(478
)
 
(1
)
 
(52
)
 
(70
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 
123

 

 

 
62

 

 
3

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 
(226
)
 
(9
)
 
(440
)
 

 

 
(21
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
12,118

 
$
198

 
$
4,533

 
$
61

 
$
424

 
$
304

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2018 (6)
 
$
2

 
$

 
$
27

 
$

 
$

 
$
(2
)
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2017 (6)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
1

 
$
22

 
$

 
$
(2
)
 
$
7

 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Other Limited Partnership Interests
 
Short-term
Investments
 
Residential
Mortgage
Loans — FVO
 
Net
Derivatives (7)
 
Net Embedded
Derivatives (8)
 
Separate
Accounts (9)
 
 
(In millions)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
168

 
$
559

 
$
405

 
$
(267
)
 
$
(240
)
 
$
1,138

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2) (3)
 
11

 

 
4

 
(70
)
 
167

 
2

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 
(4
)
 
(3
)
 

 
(107
)
 
9

 

Purchases (4)
 
1

 
102

 

 

 

 
148

Sales (4)
 
(21
)
 
(2
)
 
(70
)
 

 

 
(215
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements (4)
 

 

 
(16
)
 
37

 
(75
)
 

Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 

 

 

 

 

 
5

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 

 
(2
)
 

 

 

 
(77
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
155

 
$
654

 
$
323

 
$
(407
)
 
$
(139
)
 
$
1,001

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$

 
$
822

 
$
615

 
$
(288
)
 
$
(646
)
 
$
959

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2) (3)
 

 

 
32

 
33

 
291

 
7

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 

 

 

 
4

 
4

 

Purchases (4)
 

 
1

 
10

 

 

 
136

Sales (4)
 

 
(247
)
 
(72
)
 

 

 
(18
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 
1

Settlements (4)
 

 

 
(21
)
 
(12
)
 
(92
)
 
(1
)
Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 

 
2

 

 

 

 
56

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 

 
(175
)
 

 

 

 
(101
)
Balance, end of period
 
$

 
$
403

 
$
564

 
$
(263
)
 
$
(443
)
 
$
1,039

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2018 (6)
 
$
11

 
$

 
$
(5
)
 
$
(38
)
 
$
168

 
$

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2017 (6)
 
$

 
$

 
$
32

 
$
27

 
$
271

 
$

 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Fixed Maturity Securities AFS
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate (1)
 
Foreign
Government
 
Structured
Securities
 
State and
Political
Subdivision
 
Equity
Securities
 
Unit-linked and FVO
Securities
 
 
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
11,219

 
$
209

 
$
4,841

 
$

 
$
428

 
$
362

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2), (3)
 
13

 
1

 
73

 

 
(11
)
 
(7
)
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 
(621
)
 
(16
)
 
1

 

 

 

Purchases (4)
 
1,606

 
5

 
919

 

 
11

 
77

Sales (4)
 
(1,366
)
 
(21
)
 
(788
)
 

 
(20
)
 
(162
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 
88

 

 
50

 

 
45

 
10

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 
(606
)
 
(38
)
 
(880
)
 

 
(10
)
 
(54
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
10,333

 
$
140

 
$
4,216

 
$

 
$
443

 
$
226

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
11,537

 
$
289

 
$
5,215

 
$
10

 
$
468

 
$
287

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2), (3)
 
6

 
3

 
80

 

 
(14
)
 
20

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 
612

 
4

 
118

 
2

 
30

 

Purchases (4)
 
2,802

 
7

 
867

 

 
18

 
209

Sales (4)
 
(1,487
)
 
(97
)
 
(1,329
)
 

 
(74
)
 
(115
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 
83

 

 
10

 
59

 

 
3

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 
(1,435
)
 
(8
)
 
(428
)
 
(10
)
 
(4
)
 
(100
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
12,118

 
$
198

 
$
4,533

 
$
61

 
$
424

 
$
304

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2018 (6)
 
$
3

 
$
1

 
$
66

 
$

 
$

 
$
(8
)
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2017 (6)
 
$
6

 
$
3

 
$
68

 
$

 
$
(12
)
 
$
16

 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Other Limited Partnership Interests
 
Short-term
Investments
 
Residential
Mortgage
Loans — FVO
 
Net
Derivatives (7)
 
Net Embedded
Derivatives (8)
 
Separate
Accounts (9)
 
 
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$

 
$
33

 
$
520

 
$
(132
)
 
$
(274
)
 
$
959

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2) (3)
 
6

 

 
7

 
(151
)
 
355

 
2

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 

 
(7
)
 

 
(228
)
 
6

 

Purchases (4)
 
1

 
659

 

 
4

 

 
200

Sales (4)
 
(68
)
 
(11
)
 
(151
)
 

 

 
(162
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 

 

 
(3
)
Settlements (4)
 

 

 
(53
)
 
100

 
(226
)
 

Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 
216

 

 

 

 

 
81

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 

 
(20
)
 

 

 

 
(76
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
155

 
$
654

 
$
323

 
$
(407
)
 
$
(139
)
 
$
1,001

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$

 
$
46

 
$
566

 
$
(562
)
 
$
(729
)
 
$
1,141

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (2) (3)
 

 

 
38

 
47

 
573

 
(22
)
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
 

 

 

 
144

 
(42
)
 

Purchases (4)
 

 
401

 
184

 

 

 
271

Sales (4)
 

 
(2
)
 
(155
)
 

 

 
(78
)
Issuances (4)
 

 

 

 
(7
)
 

 
1

Settlements (4)
 

 

 
(69
)
 
115

 
(245
)
 
(62
)
Transfers into Level 3 (5)
 

 
2

 

 

 

 
21

Transfers out of Level 3 (5)
 

 
(44
)
 

 

 

 
(233
)
Balance, end of period
 
$

 
$
403

 
$
564

 
$
(263
)
 
$
(443
)
 
$
1,039

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2018 (6)
 
$
6

 
$

 
$
(13
)
 
$
(66
)
 
$
352

 
$

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2017 (6)
 
$

 
$

 
$
38

 
$
27

 
$
550

 
$

__________________
(1)
Comprised of U.S. and foreign corporate securities.
(2)
Amortization of premium/accretion of discount is included within net investment income. Impairments charged to net income (loss) on securities are included in net investment gains (losses), while changes in estimated fair value of residential mortgage loans — FVO are included in net investment income. Lapses associated with net embedded derivatives are included in net derivative gains (losses). Substantially all realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for net derivatives and net embedded derivatives are reported in net derivative gains (losses).
(3)
Interest and dividend accruals, as well as cash interest coupons and dividends received, are excluded from the rollforward.
(4)
Items purchased/issued and then sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. Fees attributed to embedded derivatives are included in settlements.
(5)
Gains and losses, in net income (loss) and OCI, are calculated assuming transfers into and/or out of Level 3 occurred at the beginning of the period. Items transferred into and then out of Level 3 in the same period are excluded from the rollforward.
(6)
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) relate to assets and liabilities still held at the end of the respective periods. Substantially all changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for net derivatives and net embedded derivatives are reported in net derivative gains (losses).
(7)
Freestanding derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward.
(8)
Embedded derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward.
(9)
Investment performance related to separate account assets is fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to contractholders within separate account liabilities. Therefore, such changes in estimated fair value are not recorded in net income (loss). For the purpose of this disclosure, these changes are presented within net investment gains (losses). Separate account assets and liabilities are presented net for the purposes of the rollforward.
Fair Value Option
Fair Value Option
The Company elects the FVO for certain residential mortgage loans that are managed on a total return basis. The following table presents information for residential mortgage loans, which are accounted for under the FVO and were initially measured at fair value.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
(In millions)
Unpaid principal balance
 
$
401

 
$
650

Difference between estimated fair value and unpaid principal balance
 
(78
)
 
(130
)
Carrying value at estimated fair value
 
$
323

 
$
520

Loans in nonaccrual status
 
$
104

 
$
198

Loans more than 90 days past due
 
$
49

 
$
94

Loans in nonaccrual status or more than 90 days past due, or both — difference between aggregate estimated fair value and unpaid principal balance
 
$
(56
)
 
$
(102
)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Other Than Fair Value
The carrying values and estimated fair values for such financial instruments, and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows at:
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
 
 
 
Carrying
Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
(In millions)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans
 
$
72,138

 
$

 
$

 
$
72,559

 
$
72,559

Policy loans
 
$
9,703

 
$

 
$
341

 
$
10,859

 
$
11,200

Other invested assets
 
$
1,167

 
$

 
$
793

 
$
374

 
$
1,167

Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables
 
$
4,106

 
$

 
$
1,216

 
$
3,013

 
$
4,229

Other assets
 
$
323

 
$

 
$
139

 
$
182

 
$
321

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policyholder account balances
 
$
115,800

 
$

 
$

 
$
115,801

 
$
115,801

Long-term debt
 
$
13,398

 
$

 
$
14,284

 
$

 
$
14,284

Collateral financing arrangement
 
$
1,073

 
$

 
$

 
$
877

 
$
877

Junior subordinated debt securities
 
$
3,146

 
$

 
$
3,959

 
$

 
$
3,959

Other liabilities
 
$
3,596

 
$

 
$
1,947

 
$
2,117

 
$
4,064

Separate account liabilities
 
$
107,524

 
$

 
$
107,524

 
$

 
$
107,524

 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
 
 
 
Carrying
Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
(In millions)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans
 
$
68,211

 
$

 
$

 
$
69,797

 
$
69,797

Policy loans
 
$
9,669

 
$

 
$
336

 
$
11,176

 
$
11,512

Other limited partnership interests
 
$
219

 
$

 
$

 
$
216

 
$
216

Other invested assets
 
$
443

 
$

 
$

 
$
443

 
$
443

Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables
 
$
4,155

 
$

 
$
1,283

 
$
3,056

 
$
4,339

Other assets
 
$
285

 
$

 
$
189

 
$
139

 
$
328

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policyholder account balances
 
$
114,355

 
$

 
$

 
$
116,534

 
$
116,534

Long-term debt
 
$
15,675

 
$

 
$
17,773

 
$

 
$
17,773

Collateral financing arrangement
 
$
1,121

 
$

 
$

 
$
894

 
$
894

Junior subordinated debt securities
 
$
3,144

 
$

 
$
4,319

 
$

 
$
4,319

Other liabilities
 
$
3,208

 
$

 
$
1,496

 
$
2,345

 
$
3,841

Separate account liabilities
 
$
124,011

 
$

 
$
124,011

 
$

 
$
124,011