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Investments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale
The following table presents the fixed maturity and equity securities AFS by sector. Redeemable preferred stock is reported within U.S. corporate and foreign corporate fixed maturity securities and non-redeemable preferred stock is reported within equity securities. Included within fixed maturity securities are structured securities including RMBS, commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) and ABS.
 
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
 
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross Unrealized
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross Unrealized
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
 
Gains
 
Temporary
Losses
 
OTTI
Losses
 
Gains
 
Temporary
Losses
 
OTTI
Losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate
$
96,235

 
$
10,343

 
$
624

 
$

 
$
105,954

 
$
100,203

 
$
7,495

 
$
1,229

 
$

 
$
106,469

Foreign corporate
57,695

 
4,651

 
664

 
7

 
61,675

 
59,778

 
3,939

 
565

 

 
63,152

U.S. Treasury and agency
54,654

 
6,892

 
30

 

 
61,516

 
43,928

 
2,251

 
1,056

 

 
45,123

Foreign government
47,327

 
5,500

 
161

 

 
52,666

 
50,717

 
4,107

 
387

 

 
54,437

RMBS
38,064

 
2,102

 
214

 
106

 
39,846

 
34,167

 
1,584

 
490

 
206

 
35,055

State and political subdivision
12,922

 
2,291

 
26

 

 
15,187

 
13,233

 
903

 
306

 

 
13,830

CMBS (1)
13,762

 
615

 
46

 
(1
)
 
14,332

 
16,115

 
605

 
170

 

 
16,550

ABS
14,121

 
240

 
112

 

 
14,249

 
15,458

 
296

 
171

 
12

 
15,571

Total fixed maturity securities
$
334,780

 
$
32,634

 
$
1,877

 
$
112

 
$
365,425

 
$
333,599

 
$
21,180

 
$
4,374

 
$
218

 
$
350,187

Equity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
$
1,990

 
$
554

 
$
28

 
$

 
$
2,516

 
$
1,927

 
$
431

 
$
5

 
$

 
$
2,353

Non-redeemable preferred stock
1,086

 
68

 
39

 

 
1,115

 
1,085

 
76

 
112

 

 
1,049

Total equity securities
$
3,076

 
$
622

 
$
67

 
$

 
$
3,631

 
$
3,012

 
$
507

 
$
117

 
$

 
$
3,402


______________
(1)
The noncredit loss component of OTTI losses for CMBS was in an unrealized gain position of $1 million at December 31, 2014, due to increases in estimated fair value subsequent to initial recognition of noncredit losses on such securities. See also “— Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses).”
Available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity date
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities, by contractual maturity date, were as follows at:
 
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
(In millions)
Due in one year or less
$
13,023

 
$
13,259

 
$
15,828

 
$
16,030

Due after one year through five years
74,303

 
77,704

 
70,467

 
74,229

Due after five years through ten years
78,923

 
84,988

 
78,159

 
83,223

Due after ten years
102,584

 
121,047

 
103,405

 
109,529

Subtotal
268,833

 
296,998

 
267,859

 
283,011

Structured securities (RMBS, CMBS and ABS)
65,947

 
68,427

 
65,740

 
67,176

Total fixed maturity securities
$
334,780

 
$
365,425

 
$
333,599

 
$
350,187

Continuous Gross Unrealized Loss and OTTI Loss for Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale
The following table presents the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity and equity securities AFS in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by sector and by length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
 
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
 
Less than 12 Months
 
Equal to or Greater than 12 Months
 
Less than 12 Months
 
Equal to or Greater than 12 Months
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
(In millions, except number of securities)
Fixed maturity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate
$
11,389

 
$
331

 
$
4,658

 
$
293

 
$
13,889

 
$
808

 
$
3,807

 
$
421

Foreign corporate
9,410

 
505

 
2,074

 
166

 
9,019

 
402

 
2,320

 
163

U.S. Treasury and agency
8,927

 
12

 
1,314

 
18

 
15,225

 
1,037

 
357

 
19

Foreign government
1,085

 
80

 
630

 
81

 
5,052

 
336

 
1,846

 
51

RMBS
4,180

 
92

 
2,534

 
228

 
10,754

 
363

 
2,302

 
333

State and political subdivision
83

 
1

 
297

 
25

 
3,109

 
225

 
351

 
81

CMBS
1,268

 
23

 
934

 
22

 
3,696

 
142

 
631

 
28

ABS
4,456

 
57

 
1,440

 
55

 
3,772

 
59

 
978

 
124

Total fixed maturity securities
$
40,798

 
$
1,101

 
$
13,881

 
$
888

 
$
64,516

 
$
3,372

 
$
12,592

 
$
1,220

Equity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
$
111

 
$
28

 
$
1

 
$

 
$
81

 
$
4

 
$
16

 
$
1

Non-redeemable preferred stock
67

 
2

 
192

 
37

 
364

 
65

 
191

 
47

Total equity securities
$
178

 
$
30

 
$
193

 
$
37

 
$
445

 
$
69

 
$
207

 
$
48

Total number of securities in an
unrealized loss position
3,153

 
 
 
1,435

 
 
 
4,480

 
 
 
1,571

 
 
Disclosure of Mortgage Loans Net of Valuation Allowance
Mortgage loans are summarized as follows at:
 
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
Carrying
Value
 
% of
Total
 
Carrying
Value
 
% of
Total
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
(In millions)
 
 
Mortgage loans held-for-investment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
41,088

 
68.3
 %
 
$
40,926

 
70.9
 %
Agricultural
12,378

 
20.6

 
12,391

 
21.5

Residential
6,369

 
10.6

 
2,772

 
4.8

Subtotal (1)
59,835

 
99.5

 
56,089

 
97.2

Valuation allowances
(305
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(322
)
 
(0.6
)
Subtotal mortgage loans held-for-investment, net
59,530

 
99.0

 
55,767

 
96.6

Residential — FVO
308

 
0.5

 
338

 
0.6

Commercial mortgage loans held by CSEs — FVO
280

 
0.5

 
1,598

 
2.8

Total mortgage loans held-for-investment, net
60,118

 
100.0

 
57,703

 
100.0

Mortgage loans held-for-sale

 

 
3

 

Total mortgage loans, net
$
60,118

 
100.0
 %
 
$
57,706

 
100.0
 %
______________
(1)
Purchases of mortgage loans were $4.7 billion and $2.2 billion for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses, Provision for Loss, Net
The changes in the valuation allowance, by portfolio segment, were as follows:
 
Commercial
 
Agricultural
 
Residential
 
Total
 
(In millions)
Balance at January 1, 2012
$
398

 
$
81

 
$
2

 
$
481

Provision (release)
(92
)
 

 
6

 
(86
)
Charge-offs, net of recoveries
(13
)
 
(24
)
 

 
(37
)
Transfers to held-for-sale (1)

 
(5
)
 
(6
)
 
(11
)
Balance at December 31, 2012
293

 
52

 
2

 
347

Provision (release)
(35
)
 
4

 
18

 
(13
)
Charge-offs, net of recoveries

 
(12
)
 

 
(12
)
Transfers to held-for-sale

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2013
258

 
44

 
20

 
322

Provision (release)
(11
)
 
(4
)
 
27

 
12

Charge-offs, net of recoveries
(23
)
 
(1
)
 
(5
)
 
(29
)
Transfers to held-for-sale

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2014
$
224

 
$
39

 
$
42

 
$
305

______________
(1)
The valuation allowance on and the related carrying value of certain residential mortgage loans held-for-investment were transferred to mortgage loans held-for-sale in connection with the MetLife Bank Divestiture. See Note 3.
Schedule of Financing Receivables, Non Accrual Status
The past due and accrual status of mortgage loans at recorded investment, prior to valuation allowances, by portfolio segment, were as follows at:
 
Past Due
 
Nonaccrual Status
 
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
 
(In millions)
Commercial
$
10

 
$
12

 
$
75

 
$
191

Agricultural
1

 
44

 
41

 
47

Residential
173

 
79

 
163

 
65

Total
$
184

 
$
135

 
$
279

 
$
303

Impaired mortgage loans held-for-investment
Mortgage loans held-for-investment by portfolio segment, by method of evaluation of credit loss, impaired mortgage loans including those modified in a troubled debt restructuring, and the related valuation allowances, were as follows at and for the years ended:
 
Evaluated Individually for Credit Losses
 
Evaluated Collectively for Credit Losses
 
Impaired Loans
 
Impaired Loans with a Valuation Allowance
 
Impaired Loans without a Valuation Allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Recorded Investment
 
Valuation
Allowances
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Valuation
Allowances
 
Carrying
Value
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
(In millions)
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
75

 
$
75

 
$
24

 
$
101

 
$
100

 
$
40,913

 
$
200

 
$
151

 
$
359

Agricultural
51

 
48

 
2

 
14

 
13

 
12,317

 
37

 
59

 
80

Residential

 

 

 
40

 
37

 
6,332

 
42

 
37

 
19

Total
$
126

 
$
123

 
$
26

 
$
155

 
$
150

 
$
59,562

 
$
279

 
$
247

 
$
458

2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
214

 
$
210

 
$
58

 
$
299

 
$
296

 
$
40,420

 
$
200

 
$
448

 
$
526

Agricultural
68

 
66

 
7

 
35

 
34

 
12,291

 
37

 
93

 
153

Residential
12

 
12

 
1

 
5

 
4

 
2,756

 
19

 
15

 
14

Total
$
294

 
$
288

 
$
66

 
$
339

 
$
334

 
$
55,467

 
$
256

 
$
556

 
$
693

Investment in leveraged leases
Investment in leveraged and direct financing leases consisted of the following at:
 
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
Leveraged Leases
 
Direct Financing Leases
 
Leveraged Leases
 
Direct Financing Leases
 
(In millions)
Rental receivables, net
$
1,414

 
$
1,750

 
$
1,491

 
$
1,806

Estimated residual values
1,148

 
145

 
1,325

 
90

Subtotal
2,562

 
1,895

 
2,816

 
1,896

Unearned income
(777
)
 
(776
)
 
(870
)
 
(796
)
Investment in leases, net of non-recourse debt
$
1,785

 
$
1,119

 
$
1,946

 
$
1,100

Net income from investment in leveraged leases
The components of income from investment in leveraged and direct financing leases, excluding net investment gains (losses), were as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
Leveraged Leases
 
Direct Financing Leases
 
Leveraged Leases
 
Direct Financing Leases
 
Leveraged Leases
 
Direct Financing Leases
 
(In millions)
Income from investment in leases
$
66

 
$
72

 
$
82

 
$
75

 
$
57

 
$
67

Less: Income tax expense on leases
23

 
25

 
29

 
26

 
20

 
23

Investment income after income tax
$
43

 
$
47

 
$
53

 
$
49

 
$
37

 
$
44

Components of net unrealized investment gains (losses) included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
The components of net unrealized investment gains (losses), included in AOCI, were as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities
$
30,367

 
$
16,672

 
$
33,641

Fixed maturity securities with noncredit OTTI losses in AOCI
(112
)
 
(218
)
 
(361
)
Total fixed maturity securities
30,255

 
16,454

 
33,280

Equity securities
608

 
390

 
97

Derivatives
1,761

 
375

 
1,274

Other
149

 
(73
)
 
(30
)
Subtotal
32,773

 
17,146

 
34,621

Amounts allocated from:
 
 
 
 
 
Future policy benefits
(2,886
)
 
(898
)
 
(6,049
)
DAC and VOBA related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI
(4
)
 
6

 
19

DAC, VOBA and DSI
(1,946
)
 
(1,190
)
 
(2,485
)
Policyholder dividend obligation
(3,155
)
 
(1,771
)
 
(3,828
)
Subtotal
(7,991
)
 
(3,853
)
 
(12,343
)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI
42

 
73

 
119

Deferred income tax benefit (expense)
(8,556
)
 
(4,956
)
 
(7,973
)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)
16,268

 
8,410

 
14,424

Net unrealized investment gains (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests
(33
)
 
4

 
(5
)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) attributable to MetLife, Inc.
$
16,235

 
$
8,414

 
$
14,419

The changes in net unrealized investment gains (losses) were as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In millions)
Balance at January 1,
$
8,414

 
$
14,419

 
$
8,674

Fixed maturity securities on which noncredit OTTI losses have been recognized
106

 
143

 
363

Unrealized investment gains (losses) during the year
15,521

 
(17,618
)
 
12,467

Unrealized investment gains (losses) relating to:
 
 
 
 
 
Future policy benefits
(1,988
)
 
5,151

 
(2,053
)
DAC and VOBA related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI
(10
)
 
(13
)
 
(28
)
DAC, VOBA and DSI
(756
)
 
1,295

 
(685
)
Policyholder dividend obligation
(1,384
)
 
2,057

 
(909
)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI
(31
)
 
(46
)
 
(117
)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)
(3,600
)
 
3,017

 
(3,279
)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)
16,272

 
8,405

 
14,433

Net unrealized investment gains (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests
(37
)
 
9

 
(14
)
Balance at December 31,
$
16,235

 
$
8,414

 
$
14,419

Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses)
$
7,858

 
$
(6,014
)
 
$
5,759

Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests
(37
)
 
9

 
(14
)
Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) attributable to MetLife, Inc.
$
7,821

 
$
(6,005
)
 
$
5,745

Other than temporary impairment, credit losses recognized earnings
The changes in fixed maturity securities with noncredit OTTI losses included in AOCI were as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In millions)
Balance at January 1,
$
(218
)
 
$
(361
)
Noncredit OTTI losses and subsequent changes recognized
17

 
60

Securities sold with previous noncredit OTTI loss
53

 
149

Subsequent changes in estimated fair value
36

 
(66
)
Balance at December 31,
$
(112
)
 
$
(218
)
Securities Lending
Elements of the securities lending program are presented below at:
 
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In millions)
Securities on loan: (1)
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
26,989

 
$
27,094

Estimated fair value
$
30,269

 
$
27,595

Cash collateral on deposit from counterparties (2)
$
30,826

 
$
28,319

Security collateral on deposit from counterparties (3)
$
83

 
$

Reinvestment portfolio — estimated fair value
$
31,314

 
$
28,481

______________
(1)
Included within fixed maturity securities, short-term investments, equity securities and cash and cash equivalents.
(2)
Included within payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions.
(3)
Security collateral on deposit from counterparties may not be sold or re-pledged, unless the counterparty is in default, and is not reflected in the consolidated financial statements.
Invested Assets on Deposit, Held in Trust and Pledged as Collateral
Invested assets on deposit, held in trust and pledged as collateral are presented below at estimated fair value for all asset classes, except mortgage loans, which are presented at carrying value at:
 
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In millions)
Invested assets on deposit (regulatory deposits) (1)
$
9,437

 
$
2,153

Invested assets held in trust (collateral financing arrangements and reinsurance agreements)
10,069

 
11,004

Invested assets pledged as collateral (2)
25,996

 
23,770

Total invested assets on deposit, held in trust and pledged as collateral
$
45,502

 
$
36,927

______________
(1)
In November 2014, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut (“MICC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of MetLife, Inc., re-domesticated from Connecticut to Delaware, changed its name to MetLife Insurance Company USA and merged with its subsidiary, MetLife Investors USA Insurance Company (“MLI-USA”), and its affiliate, MetLife Investors Insurance Company (“MLIIC”), each a U.S. insurance company that issued variable annuity products in addition to other products, and Exeter Reassurance Company, Ltd. (“Exeter”), a former offshore reinsurance subsidiary of MetLife, Inc. and affiliate of MICC that mainly reinsured guarantees associated with variable annuity products (the “Mergers”). The surviving entity of the Mergers was MetLife Insurance Company USA (“MetLife USA”). Exeter, formerly a Cayman Islands company, was re-domesticated to Delaware in October 2013. In anticipation of the Mergers, effective January 1, 2014, following receipt of New York State Department of Financial Services (the “Department of Financial Services”) approval, MICC withdrew its license to issue insurance policies and annuity contracts in New York. Also effective January 1, 2014, MICC reinsured with an affiliate all existing New York insurance policies and annuity contracts that include a separate account feature and deposited investments with an estimated fair market value of $6.3 billion into a custodial account to secure MICC’s remaining New York policyholder liabilities not covered by such reinsurance.
(2)
The Company has pledged invested assets in connection with various agreements and transactions, including funding agreements (see Notes 4 and 12), collateral financing arrangements (see Note 13) and derivative transactions (see Note 9).
Purchased credit impaired investments, by invested asset class, held
The following table presents information about PCI investments acquired during the periods indicated:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
 
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
Mortgage Loans
 
(In millions)
Contractually required payments (including interest)
$
947

 
$
1,872

 
$

 
$

Cash flows expected to be collected (1)
$
745

 
$
1,446

 
$

 
$

Fair value of investments acquired
$
503

 
$
978

 
$

 
$

______________
(1)
Represents undiscounted principal and interest cash flow expectations, at the date of acquisition.
The Company’s PCI investments, by invested asset class, were as follows at:
 
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
 
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
Mortgage Loans
 
(In millions)
Outstanding principal and interest balance (1)
$
5,287

 
$
5,319

 
$
239

 
$
291

Carrying value (2)
$
4,170

 
$
4,109

 
$
132

 
$
138

______________
(1)
Represents the contractually required payments, which is the sum of contractual principal, whether or not currently due, and accrued interest.
(2)
Estimated fair value plus accrued interest for fixed maturity securities and amortized cost, plus accrued interest, less any valuation allowances, for mortgage loans.
The following table presents activity for the accretable yield on PCI investments:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
 
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
Mortgage Loans
 
(In millions)
Accretable yield, January 1,
$
2,746

 
$
2,665

 
$
74

 
$
184

Investments purchased
242

 
468

 

 

Accretion recognized in earnings
(244
)
 
(260
)
 
(22
)
 
(87
)
Disposals
(60
)
 
(152
)
 

 

Reclassification (to) from nonaccretable difference
(541
)
 
25

 
(4
)
 
(23
)
Accretable yield, December 31,
$
2,143

 
$
2,746

 
$
48

 
$
74

The Components of Net Investment Income
The components of net investment income were as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In millions)
Investment income:
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities
$
14,868

 
$
15,071

 
$
15,218

Equity securities
133

 
127

 
133

FVO and trading securities — Actively Traded and FVO general account securities (1)
103

 
65

 
88

Mortgage loans
2,928

 
3,020

 
3,191

Policy loans
629

 
620

 
626

Real estate and real estate joint ventures
951

 
909

 
834

Other limited partnership interests
1,033

 
955

 
845

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments
168

 
181

 
163

Operating joint ventures
10

 
10

 
19

Other
192

 
165

 
131

Subtotal
21,015

 
21,123

 
21,248

Less: Investment expenses
1,178

 
1,198

 
1,090

Subtotal, net
19,837

 
19,925

 
20,158

FVO and trading securities — FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments (1)
1,266

 
2,172

 
1,473

Securitized reverse residential mortgage loans

 

 
177

FVO CSEs — interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial mortgage loans
49

 
132

 
172

Securities
1

 
3

 
4

Subtotal
1,316

 
2,307

 
1,826

Net investment income
$
21,153

 
$
22,232

 
$
21,984

______________
(1)
Changes in estimated fair value subsequent to purchase for securities still held as of the end of the respective years included in net investment income were as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In millions)
Actively Traded and FVO general account securities
$
(3
)
 
$
18

 
$
51

FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments
$
645

 
$
1,579

 
$
1,170

The components of net investment gains (losses)
The components of net investment gains (losses) were as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In millions)
Total gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Total OTTI losses recognized — by sector and industry:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. and foreign corporate securities — by industry:
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer
$
(7
)
 
$
(11
)
 
$
(19
)
Transportation
(2
)
 
(3
)
 
(17
)
Utility

 
(48
)
 
(61
)
Finance

 
(10
)
 
(32
)
Communications

 
(2
)
 
(19
)
Technology

 

 
(6
)
Industrial

 

 
(5
)
Total U.S. and foreign corporate securities
(9
)
 
(74
)
 
(159
)
RMBS
(31
)
 
(80
)
 
(97
)
CMBS
(13
)
 
(12
)
 
(51
)
ABS
(7
)
 

 
(9
)
State and political subdivision

 

 
(1
)
OTTI losses on fixed maturity securities recognized in earnings
(60
)
 
(166
)
 
(317
)
Fixed maturity securities — net gains (losses) on sales and disposals
598

 
561

 
253

Total gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities
538

 
395

 
(64
)
Total gains (losses) on equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Total OTTI losses recognized — by sector:
 
 
 
 
 
Non-redeemable preferred stock
(23
)
 
(20
)
 

Common stock
(13
)
 
(6
)
 
(34
)
OTTI losses on equity securities recognized in earnings
(36
)
 
(26
)
 
(34
)
Equity securities — net gains (losses) on sales and disposals
101

 
31

 
38

Total gains (losses) on equity securities
65

 
5

 
4

FVO and trading securities — FVO general account securities
9

 
15

 
17

Mortgage loans
(36
)
 
22

 
57

Real estate and real estate joint ventures
222

 
(19
)
 
(36
)
Other limited partnership interests
(78
)
 
(48
)
 
(36
)
Other investment portfolio gains (losses)
(110
)
 
22

 
(151
)
Subtotal — investment portfolio gains (losses)
610

 
392

 
(209
)
FVO CSEs:
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial mortgage loans
(13
)
 
(52
)
 
7

Securities

 
2

 

Long-term debt — related to commercial mortgage loans
19

 
85

 
25

Long-term debt — related to securities
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
(7
)
Non-investment portfolio gains (losses) (1)
(812
)
 
(264
)
 
(168
)
Subtotal FVO CSEs and non-investment portfolio gains (losses)
(807
)
 
(231
)
 
(143
)
Total net investment gains (losses)
$
(197
)
 
$
161

 
$
(352
)
______________
(1)
Non-investment portfolio gains (losses) for the year ended December 31, 2014 includes a loss of $633 million related to the disposition of MAL as more fully described in Note 3.
Proceeds from sales or disposals of fixed maturity and equity securities and the components of fixed maturity and equity securities net investment gains and losses
Proceeds from sales or disposals of fixed maturity and equity securities and the components of fixed maturity and equity securities net investment gains (losses) are as shown in the table below. Investment gains and losses on sales of securities are determined on a specific identification basis.
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
Equity Securities
 
(In millions)
Proceeds
$
82,075

 
$
76,070

 
$
59,219

 
$
544

 
$
746

 
$
1,648

Gross investment gains
$
1,165

 
$
1,326

 
$
944

 
$
112

 
$
56

 
$
73

Gross investment losses
(567
)
 
(765
)
 
(691
)
 
(11
)
 
(25
)
 
(35
)
OTTI losses (1)
(60
)
 
(166
)
 
(317
)
 
(36
)
 
(26
)
 
(34
)
Net investment gains (losses)
$
538

 
$
395

 
$
(64
)
 
$
65

 
$
5

 
$
4

______________
(1)    OTTI losses recognized in earnings include noncredit-related impairment losses of $0, $19 million and $94 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, on (i) perpetual hybrid securities classified within fixed maturity securities where the primary reason for the impairment was the severity and/or the duration of an unrealized loss position, and (ii) fixed maturity securities where there is an intent to sell or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the decline in estimated fair value.
Rollforward of the Cumulative Credit Loss Component of OTTI income (loss)
The table below presents a rollforward of the cumulative credit loss component of OTTI loss recognized in earnings on fixed maturity securities still held for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in OCI:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In millions)
Balance at January 1,
$
378

 
$
392

Additions:
 
 
 
Initial impairments — credit loss OTTI recognized on securities not previously impaired
2

 
6

Additional impairments — credit loss OTTI recognized on securities previously impaired
25

 
69

Reductions:
 
 
 
Sales (maturities, pay downs or prepayments) of securities previously impaired as credit loss OTTI
(40
)
 
(87
)
Securities impaired to net present value of expected future cash flows
(7
)
 

Increases in cash flows — accretion of previous credit loss OTTI
(1
)
 
(2
)
Balance at December 31,
$
357

 
$
378

Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]  
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]  
Schedule of Variable Interest Entities [Table Text Block]
The following table presents the total assets and total liabilities relating to VIEs for which the Company has concluded that it is the primary beneficiary and which are consolidated at December 31, 2014 and 2013. Creditors or beneficial interest holders of VIEs where the Company is the primary beneficiary have no recourse to the general credit of the Company, as the Company’s obligation to the VIEs is limited to the amount of its committed investment.
 
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
Total
Assets
 
Total
Liabilities
 
Total
Assets
 
Total
Liabilities
 
(In millions)
MRSC (collateral financing arrangement (primarily securities)) (1)
$
3,471

 
$

 
$
3,440

 
$

Operating joint ventures (2)
2,405

 
1,999

 
2,095

 
1,777

CSEs (assets (primarily loans) and liabilities (primarily debt)) (3)
297

 
155

 
1,630

 
1,457

Investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other invested assets
59

 

 
82

 
7

FVO and trading securities
45

 

 
69

 

Other limited partnership interests
37

 

 
61

 

Real estate joint ventures (4)
9

 
15

 
1,181

 
443

Total
$
6,323

 
$
2,169

 
$
8,558

 
$
3,684

______________
(1)
See Note 13 for a description of the MetLife Reinsurance Company of South Carolina (“MRSC”) collateral financing arrangement.
(2)
Assets of the operating joint venture are primarily fixed maturity securities and separate account assets. Liabilities of the operating joint venture are primarily future policy benefits, other policyholder funds and separate account liabilities.
(3)
The Company consolidates entities that are structured as CMBS and as collateralized debt obligations. The assets of these entities can only be used to settle their respective liabilities, and under no circumstances is the Company liable for any principal or interest shortfalls should any arise. The Company’s exposure was limited to that of its remaining investment in these entities of $123 million and $154 million at estimated fair value at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The long-term debt bears interest primarily at fixed rates ranging from 2.25% to 5.57%, payable primarily on a monthly basis. Interest expense related to these obligations, included in other expenses, was $38 million, $122 million and $163 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 respectively.
(4)
At December 31, 2013, the Company consolidated an open ended core real estate fund formed in the fourth quarter of 2013 (the “MetLife Core Property Fund”), which represented the majority of the balances at December 31, 2013. As a result of the quarterly reassessment in the first quarter of 2014, the Company no longer consolidated the MetLife Core Property Fund, effective March 31, 2014, based on the terms of the revised partnership agreement. The Company accounts for its retained interest in the real estate fund under the equity method. Assets of the real estate fund are a real estate investment trust which holds primarily traditional core income-producing real estate which has associated liabilities that are primarily non-recourse debt secured by certain real estate assets of the fund. The assets of these entities can only be used to settle their respective liabilities, and under no circumstances is the Company liable for any principal or interest shortfalls should any arise. The Company’s exposure was limited to that of its investment in the real estate fund of $178 million at carrying value at December 31, 2013. The long-term debt bears interest primarily at fixed rates ranging from 1.39% to 4.45%, payable primarily on a monthly basis.
Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary [Member]  
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]  
Schedule of Variable Interest Entities [Table Text Block]
The carrying amount and maximum exposure to loss relating to VIEs in which the Company holds a significant variable interest but is not the primary beneficiary and which have not been consolidated were as follows at:
 
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Maximum
Exposure
to Loss (1)
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Maximum
Exposure
to Loss (1)
 
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities AFS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Structured securities (RMBS, CMBS and ABS) (2)
$
68,427

 
$
68,427

 
$
67,176

 
$
67,176

U.S. and foreign corporate
3,829

 
3,829

 
3,966

 
3,966

Other limited partnership interests
6,250

 
8,402

 
5,041

 
6,994

Other invested assets
1,720

 
2,050

 
1,509

 
1,897

FVO and trading securities
565

 
565

 
619

 
619

Real estate joint ventures
100

 
125

 
70

 
71

Mortgage loans
51

 
51

 
106

 
106

Equity securities AFS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-redeemable preferred stock
41

 
41

 
35

 
35

Total
$
80,983

 
$
83,490

 
$
78,522

 
$
80,864

______________
(1)
The maximum exposure to loss relating to fixed maturity securities AFS, FVO and trading securities and equity securities AFS is equal to their carrying amounts or the carrying amounts of retained interests. The maximum exposure to loss relating to other limited partnership interests, mortgage loans and real estate joint ventures is equal to the carrying amounts plus any unfunded commitments of the Company. For certain of its investments in other invested assets, the Company’s return is in the form of income tax credits which are guaranteed by creditworthy third parties. For such investments, the maximum exposure to loss is equal to the carrying amounts plus any unfunded commitments, reduced by income tax credits guaranteed by third parties of $212 million and $257 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Such a maximum loss would be expected to occur only upon bankruptcy of the issuer or investee.
(2)
For these variable interests, the Company’s involvement is limited to that of a passive investor in mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities issued by trusts that do not have substantial equity.
Commercial  
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]  
Disclosure of the mortgage loans portfolio segment by the recorded investment, prior to valuation allowances, by credit quality indicator categories
The credit quality of commercial mortgage loans held-for-investment were as follows at:
 
Recorded Investment
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
% of
Total
 
Debt Service Coverage Ratios
 
Total
 
% of
Total
 
 
> 1.20x
 
1.00x - 1.20x
 
< 1.00x
 
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
(In millions)
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan-to-value ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 65%
$
33,933

 
$
1,105

 
$
1,101

 
$
36,139

 
88.0
%
 
$
38,166

 
88.4
%
65% to 75%
3,306

 
405

 
87

 
3,798

 
9.2

 
3,873

 
9.0

76% to 80%
130

 

 
15

 
145

 
0.4

 
153

 
0.3

Greater than 80%
562

 
281

 
163

 
1,006

 
2.4

 
987

 
2.3

Total
$
37,931

 
$
1,791

 
$
1,366

 
$
41,088

 
100.0
%
 
$
43,179

 
100.0
%
December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan-to-value ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 65%
$
30,552

 
$
614

 
$
841

 
$
32,007

 
78.2
%
 
$
33,519

 
78.9
%
65% to 75%
6,360

 
438

 
149

 
6,947

 
17.0

 
7,039

 
16.6

76% to 80%
525

 
192

 
189

 
906

 
2.2

 
892

 
2.1

Greater than 80%
661

 
242

 
163

 
1,066

 
2.6

 
1,006

 
2.4

Total
$
38,098

 
$
1,486

 
$
1,342

 
$
40,926

 
100.0
%
 
$
42,456

 
100.0
%
Agricultural Portfolio Segment [Member]  
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]  
Disclosure of the mortgage loans portfolio segment by the recorded investment, prior to valuation allowances, by credit quality indicator categories
The credit quality of agricultural mortgage loans held-for-investment were as follows at:
 
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
Recorded
Investment
 
% of
Total
 
Recorded
Investment
 
% of
Total
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
(In millions)
 
 
Loan-to-value ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 65%
$
11,743

 
94.9
%
 
$
11,461

 
92.5
%
65% to 75%
533

 
4.3

 
729

 
5.9

76% to 80%
17

 
0.1

 
84

 
0.7

Greater than 80%
85

 
0.7

 
117

 
0.9

Total
$
12,378

 
100.0
%
 
$
12,391

 
100.0
%
Residential mortgage loans portfolio segment [Member]  
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Line Items]  
Disclosure of the mortgage loans portfolio segment by the recorded investment, prior to valuation allowances, by credit quality indicator categories
The credit quality of residential mortgage loans held-for-investment were as follows at:
 
December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
Recorded
Investment
 
% of
Total
 
Recorded
Investment
 
% of
Total
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
(In millions)
 
 
Performance indicators:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performing
$
6,196

 
97.3
%
 
$
2,693

 
97.1
%
Nonperforming
173

 
2.7

 
79

 
2.9

Total
$
6,369

 
100.0
%
 
$
2,772

 
100.0
%