Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Following is a summary of the components of the federal and state income tax expense (benefit) for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022.

(In thousands)	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Current:
Federal	$	44	$	—	$	(100)
State	62		180		86
	106		180		(14)
Deferred:
Federal	1,117		1,860		(2,448)
State	373		(2,121)		2,125
	1,490		(261)		(323)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	1,596	$	(81)	$	(337)

For each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, the difference between the federal statutory income tax rate and Patriot’s effective income tax rate reconciles as follows:

(In thousands)	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Income taxes at statutory Federal rate	$	1,629	$	1,053	$	(873)
State taxes, net of Federal benefit	343		404		(191)
Project expenses for merger and acquisition	(383)		383		—
Deferred tax valuation allowance	—		(1,938)		1,938
Reversal UTP on Federal DTA	—		—		(1,132)
Nondeductible expenses	(3)		(10)		8
Other	10		27		(87)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	1,596	$	(81)	$	(337)

The effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was 20.6%, (1.6)%, and 8.1%, respectively. The effective tax rate for 2022 was decreased by the reversal of project expenses. The decrease in the effective tax rate for 2021 was primarily due to the full reversal of $1.9 million deferred tax asset valuation allowance recorded at December 31, 2020. There were no significant changes to the effective tax rate in 2020.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The significant components of Patriot’s net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are presented below.

(In thousands)	December 31,
	2022		2021
Deferred tax assets:
Federal NOL carryforward benefit	$	3,321	$	3,605
NOL write-off for Sec 382 Limit	(3,258)		(3,258)
Capitalized cost temporary item	3,023		3,325
State NOL carryforward benefit	3,128		3,168
Allowance for loan loss	2,793		3,017
Lease liabilities	634		746
Non-accrual interest	907		827
Merger and acquisition	171		187
Accrued expenses	80		421
Unrealized loss AFS securities	5,440		569
Goodwill and intangible	104		137
Depreciation of premises and equipment	120		98
Share based compensation	—		3
Other	25		17
Gross deferred tax assets	16,488		12,862
Total deferred tax assets	$	16,488	$	12,862
Deferred tax liabilities:
Right-of-use assets	(597)		(709)
Prepaid Expenses	(337)		—
Other	(27)		(7)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(961)		(716)
Net deferred tax asset	$	15,527	$	12,146

As of December 31, 2022, Patriot had available approximately $15.8 million of Federal net operating loss carryforwards (“NOL”) that is offset by $15.5 million in §382 limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. Of the NOL of $15.8 million, approximately $15.5 million will expire between 2030 and 2033 and $0.3 million do not expire.

Patriot has approximately $52.8 million of NOLs available for Connecticut tax purposes at December 31, 2022, which may be used to offset up to 50% of taxable income in any year. The NOLs will expire between 2030 and 2040.

Valuation Allowance against net Deferred Tax Assets

Patriot uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts that are more likely than not expected to be realized based on the weighting of positive and negative evidence. Future realization of deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character (for example, ordinary income or capital gain) within the carryback or carryforward periods available under the applicable tax law. The Company regularly reviews the deferred tax assets for recoverability based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The Company’s judgments regarding future profitability may change due to many factors, including future market conditions and the ability to successfully execute its business plans. Should there be a change in the ability to recover deferred tax assets, the tax provision would increase or decrease in the period in which the assessment is changed.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, Patriot was in a cumulative income position. Patriot reviewed its accumulated pre-tax income (loss) for the current and prior two- and there-year periods and adjusted for non-recurring items. After the adjustments, Patriot remained in a cumulative income position. Patriot used the average adjusted pre-tax income for the current and prior three years as the basis for objectively estimating future taxable income. Patriot will continue to evaluate the need for a valuation allowances.

Secondly, Patriot has a tax planning strategy available under ASC 740 that would be implemented to prevent a carry-forward state net operating losses from expiring. The strategy consists of capitalizing loan costs to increase income and avoid state net operating losses from expiring unused.

As of December 31, 2021, based on Patriot’s objective projection of future taxable income and tax planning, Patriot fully reversed the partial valuation allowance of $1.9 million recorded at December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2022, no valuation allowance was recorded. Patriot will review the valuation allowance quarterly to determine if an adjustment, to either increase or decrease, the allowance is required.

Unrecognized tax benefits

Patriot recognizes a benefit from its tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Bank did not record any uncertain tax position related to the utilization of certain federal net operating losses. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, Patriot no longer has a liability for unrecognized tax benefits. Additionally, Patriot has no pending or on-going audits in any tax jurisdiction.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

(In thousands)	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Balance, beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	1,220
Increases due to tax positions related to a prior year	—		—		65
Decreases to tax positions as a result of a lapse of statute	—		—		(1,285)
Balance, end of year	$	—	$	—	$	—

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

Patriot’s returns for tax years 2019 through 2022 are subject to examination by the IRS for U.S. Federal tax purposes and, for State tax purposes, by the Department of Revenue Services for the State of Connecticut and the State of New York Department of Taxation and Finance.