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Pension Plans and Other Post-Retirement Benefits (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Employee Benefits [Abstract]  
Schedule of benefit obligations in excess of fair value of plan assets
The following tables set forth the status of the defined benefit pension and other post-retirement benefit plans:
20222021
PensionOther post-retirementTotalPensionOther post-retirementTotal
Change in defined benefit obligations:
Defined benefit obligation, January 1$3,836 $252 $4,088 $4,060 $277 $4,337 
Current service cost49 7 56 59 7 66 
Interest cost106 8 114 98 7 105 
Actuarial losses (gains)(1,027)(51)(1,078)(169)(23)(192)
Benefits paid(194)(14)(208)(192)(15)(207)
Foreign exchange rate movement(7)4 (3)(20)(1)(21)
Defined benefit obligation, December 31$2,763 $206 $2,969 $3,836 $252 $4,088 
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets, January 1$3,643 $— $3,643 $3,909 $— $3,909 
Administrative expense(1)— (1)(1)— (1)
Interest income on plan assets101 — 101 92 — 92 
Return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest expense)(825)— (825)(234)— (234)
Employer contributions85 14 99 94 15 109 
Benefits paid(194)(14)(208)(192)(15)(207)
Foreign exchange rate movement(10)— (10)(25)— (25)
Fair value of plan assets, December 31
$2,799 $— $2,799 $3,643 $— $3,643 
Amounts recognized on Statement of Financial Position:
Fair value of plan assets$2,799 $— $2,799 $3,643 $— $3,643 
Defined benefit (obligation)(2,763)(206)(2,969)(3,836)(252)(4,088)
Net recognized (liability) asset, December 31$36 $(206)$(170)$(193)$(252)$(445)
Components of net benefit expense recognized:
Current service cost$49 $7 $56 $59 $7 $66 
Administrative expense1 — 1 1 — 1 
Net interest expense (income)5 8 13 6 7 13 
Other long-term employee benefit losses (gains)— (6)(6)— (3)(3)
Net benefit expense$55 $9 $64 $66 $11 $77 
Remeasurement of net recognized (liability) asset:
Return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest expense)
$(825)$— $(825)$(234)$— $(234)
Actuarial gains (losses) arising from changes in demographic assumptions18 — 18 2 — 2 
Actuarial gains (losses) arising from changes in financial assumptions1,027 45 1,072 187 13 200 
Actuarial gains (losses) arising from experience adjustments (18)— (18)(20)7 (13)
Foreign exchange rate movement(1)(3)(4)(3)— (3)
Components of defined benefit costs recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss)$201 $42 $243 $(68)$20 $(48)
Schedule of assumptions used
20222021
Canada %UK %U.S. %Canada %UK %U.S. %
To determine defined benefit obligation at end of year:
Discount rate for pension plans5.00 4.75 5.55 3.00 1.90 3.00 
Rate of compensation increase2.75 n/an/a2.80 n/an/a
Pension increases0.00-0.053.05 n/a
0.00-0.05
3.30 n/a
To determine net benefit expense for year:
Discount rate for pension plans3.00 1.90 3.00 2.70 1.30 2.65 
Rate of compensation increase2.80 n/an/a2.80 n/an/a
Pension increases0.00-0.053.30 n/a0.00-0.052.95 n/a
Health care trend rates:
Initial health care trend rate5.16 n/a7.00 5.10 n/a6.50 
Ultimate health care trend rate4.00 n/a5.00 4.00 n/a5.00 
Year ultimate health care trend rate reached2040 n/a2031 2040 n/a2025 
20222021
CanadaUKU.S.CanadaUKU.S.
Mortality rates:
Life expectancy (in years) for individuals currently at age 65:
Male23 23 22 23 23 22 
Female25 25 23 25 25 23 
Life expectancy (in years) at 65 for individuals currently at age 45:
Male24 25 23 24 24 23 
Female26 27 25 26 27 25 
Average duration (in years) of pension obligation 13.212.910.016.917.412.2
Schedule of effect of percentage-point changes for sensitives The impact of changes in each key assumption may result in greater than proportional changes in sensitivities.
PensionPost-retirement
benefits
Interest/discount rate sensitivity:(1)
1% decrease
$391 $20 
1% increase
$(309)$(17)
Rate of compensation increase assumption:
1% decrease
$(39)n/a
1% increase
$44 n/a
Health care trend rate assumption:
1% decrease
n/a$(10)
1% increase
n/a$12 
Mortality rates:(2)
10% decrease
$64 $3 
(1)    Represents a parallel shift in interest rates across the entire yield curve, resulting in a change in the discount rate assumption.
(2)    Represents 10% decrease in mortality rates at each age.
Schedule of allocation of plan assets
Composition of fair value of plan assets, December 31:
20222021
Equity investments3 %3 %
Fixed income investments65 %64 %
Real estate investments11 %9 %
Qualifying insurance contract15 %19 %
Other6 %5 %
Total composition of fair value of plan assets100 %100 %
Schedule of expected future benefit contributions and benefit payments
The following tables set forth the expected contributions and expected future benefit payments of the defined benefit pension and other post-retirement benefit plans:
PensionPost-retirementTotal
Expected contributions for the next 12 months$70 $16 $86 
Expected Future Benefit Payments
202320242025202620272028 to 2032
Pension$158 $159 $167 $171 $174 $911 
Post-retirement16 17 17 18 18 97 
Total$174 $176 $184 $189 $192 $1,008