Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Notes To Financial Statements [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Preparation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by Align Technology, Inc. (“we”, “our”, the “Company” or “Align”) on a consistent basis with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, and contain all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the information set forth herein. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and, therefore, omit certain information and footnote disclosures necessary to present the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025 or any other future period, and we make no representations related thereto. 

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition and deferred revenues, useful lives of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, goodwill, income taxes, contingent liabilities, the fair values of financial instruments, stock-based compensation and the valuation of investments in privately held companies among others. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

In the third quarter of 2025, we committed to a plan to dispose of, other than by sale, specifically identified manufacturing assets prior to the end of their estimated useful lives. We anticipate completing the disposition of these assets by December 31, 2025. Accordingly, we have revised the estimated useful lives of these assets to reflect our use through the disposal date. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded $13.7 million of depreciation expense related to these assets. The increase in depreciation expense negatively impacted Net income, net of tax, by $8.2 million or $0.11 per basic and diluted share and $9.2 million or $0.13 per basic and diluted share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.

Certain Risks and Uncertainties

Financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. These instruments have minimal credit risk exposures. Management regularly monitors their compositions and maturities. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in bank accounts that exceed federally insured FDIC limits. Through September 30, 2025, the Company has not experienced any material credit losses on such deposits.

We purchase certain inventory from sole suppliers. Additionally, we rely on a limited number of hardware manufacturers. The inability of any supplier or manufacturer to fulfill our supply requirements could materially and adversely impact our future operating results.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

(i) New Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted

On November 27, 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07 (“ASU 2023-07”), “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The amendments in this update improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment

expenses and other segment expenses. For public business entities, the provisions of ASU 2023-07 were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We adopted this standard in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. See Note 14 “Segments and Geographical Information.”

(ii) Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

On September 18, 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software.” The amendments in this ASU simplify the accounting for internal-use software by eliminating the existing project development stages and introducing new guidance for evaluating the probable-to-complete threshold for capitalization. The amendments in this ASU also require the application of ASC 360-10 disclosure requirements for all capitalized internal-use software costs, regardless of how those costs are presented in the financial statements. The provisions of ASU 2025-06 are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of this pronouncement on its annual consolidated financial statements.

On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The amendments in this ASU require a public entity to disclose in tabular format, using both percentages and reporting currency amounts, specific categories in the rate reconciliation and to provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. The amendments in this ASU also require taxes paid (net of refunds received) to be disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes and further disaggregated for specific jurisdictions to the extent the related amounts exceed a quantitative threshold. For public business entities, the provisions of ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. ASU 2023-09 will impact our accounting for income tax financial statement disclosure beginning with our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2025, but will not impact our consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations or statements of cash flows. We plan to adopt ASU 2023-09 on a prospective basis.

On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures.” The amendments in this ASU require a public entity to disclose, in the notes to the financial statements, specified information about certain costs and expenses, including the amounts of inventory purchases, employee compensation, depreciation and intangible asset amortization. For public business entities, the provisions of ASU 2024-03 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. There will be no impact to our consolidated balance sheets or statements of operations; however, the Company is evaluating the effect of this pronouncement on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.