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Reinsurance
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]  
Reinsurance Reinsurance

The following tables summarize the effect of reinsurance and retrocessional reinsurance on premiums written and earned.

 
Quarter Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
(dollars in thousands)
Direct
 
Assumed
 
Ceded
 
Net Premiums
 
Direct
 
Assumed
 
Ceded
 
Net Premiums
Underwriting:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written
$
1,358,243

 
$
282,506

 
$
(271,094
)
 
$
1,369,655

 
$
1,207,605

 
$
274,898

 
$
(266,788
)
 
$
1,215,715

Earned
1,219,103

 
327,431

 
(246,965
)
 
1,299,569

 
1,113,763

 
313,378

 
(242,120
)
 
1,185,021

Program services and other:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written
584,196

 
39,547

 
(623,014
)
 
729

 
529,958

 
31,310

 
(560,712
)
 
556

Earned
576,576

 
20,399

 
(596,512
)
 
463

 
480,694

 
13,046

 
(493,438
)
 
302

Consolidated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written
1,942,439

 
322,053

 
(894,108
)
 
1,370,384

 
1,737,563

 
306,208

 
(827,500
)
 
1,216,271

Earned
$
1,795,679

 
$
347,830

 
$
(843,477
)
 
$
1,300,032

 
$
1,594,457

 
$
326,424

 
$
(735,558
)
 
$
1,185,323


 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
(dollars in thousands)
Direct
 
Assumed
 
Ceded
 
Net Premiums
 
Direct
 
Assumed
 
Ceded
 
Net Premiums
Underwriting:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written
$
3,808,759

 
$
1,129,440

 
$
(786,704
)
 
$
4,151,495

 
$
3,429,666

 
$
1,081,171

 
$
(781,126
)
 
$
3,729,711

Earned
3,510,203

 
946,648

 
(754,505
)
 
3,702,346

 
3,221,946

 
965,586

 
(703,785
)
 
3,483,747

Program services and other:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written
1,754,613

 
73,869

 
(1,826,862
)
 
1,620

 
1,537,412

 
39,839

 
(1,575,283
)
 
1,968

Earned
1,629,659

 
49,672

 
(1,678,207
)
 
1,124

 
1,374,443

 
16,784

 
(1,390,446
)
 
781

Consolidated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written
5,563,372

 
1,203,309

 
(2,613,566
)
 
4,153,115

 
4,967,078

 
1,121,010

 
(2,356,409
)
 
3,731,679

Earned
$
5,139,862

 
$
996,320

 
$
(2,432,712
)
 
$
3,703,470

 
$
4,596,389

 
$
982,370

 
$
(2,094,231
)
 
$
3,484,528



Substantially all of the premiums written and earned in the Company's program services business for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was ceded. The percentage of consolidated ceded earned premiums to gross earned premiums was 39% and 40% for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and 38% for both the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The percentage of consolidated assumed earned premiums to net earned premiums was 27% for both the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 28% for both the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Substantially all of the incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses in the Company's program services business, which totaled $412.7 million and $1.1 billion for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $329.9 million and $959.5 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, were ceded. Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses for the Company's underwriting operations were net of ceded incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses of $94.4 million and $443.8 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $171.1 million and $394.9 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.