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Reinsurance
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]  
Reinsurance Reinsurance

The following tables summarize the effect of reinsurance and retrocessional reinsurance on premiums written and earned.

 
Quarter Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
(dollars in thousands)
Direct
 
Assumed
 
Ceded
 
Net Premiums
 
Direct
 
Assumed
 
Ceded
 
Net Premiums
Underwriting:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written
$
1,323,128

 
$
268,837

 
$
(286,978
)
 
$
1,304,987

 
$
1,182,683

 
$
259,960

 
$
(262,781
)
 
$
1,179,862

Earned
1,159,544

 
331,842

 
(292,374
)
 
1,199,012

 
1,070,248

 
316,718

 
(239,152
)
 
1,147,814

Program services and other:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written
652,716

 
2,466

 
(654,531
)
 
651

 
549,630

 
5,160

 
(554,046
)
 
744

Earned
538,131

 
12,878

 
(550,560
)
 
449

 
470,824

 
2,286

 
(472,740
)
 
370

Consolidated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written
1,975,844

 
271,303

 
(941,509
)
 
1,305,638

 
1,732,313

 
265,120

 
(816,827
)
 
1,180,606

Earned
$
1,697,675

 
$
344,720

 
$
(842,934
)
 
$
1,199,461

 
$
1,541,072

 
$
319,004

 
$
(711,892
)
 
$
1,148,184


 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
(dollars in thousands)
Direct
 
Assumed
 
Ceded
 
Net Premiums
 
Direct
 
Assumed
 
Ceded
 
Net Premiums
Underwriting:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written
$
2,450,516

 
$
846,934

 
$
(515,610
)
 
$
2,781,840

 
$
2,222,061

 
$
806,273

 
$
(514,338
)
 
$
2,513,996

Earned
2,291,100

 
619,217

 
(507,540
)
 
2,402,777

 
2,108,183

 
652,208

 
(461,665
)
 
2,298,726

Program services and other:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written
1,170,417

 
34,322

 
(1,203,848
)
 
891

 
1,007,454

 
8,529

 
(1,014,571
)
 
1,412

Earned
1,053,083

 
29,273

 
(1,081,695
)
 
661

 
893,749

 
3,738

 
(897,008
)
 
479

Consolidated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written
3,620,933

 
881,256

 
(1,719,458
)
 
2,782,731

 
3,229,515

 
814,802

 
(1,528,909
)
 
2,515,408

Earned
$
3,344,183

 
$
648,490

 
$
(1,589,235
)
 
$
2,403,438

 
$
3,001,932

 
$
655,946

 
$
(1,358,673
)
 
$
2,299,205



Substantially all of the premiums written and earned in the Company's program services business for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was ceded. The percentage of consolidated ceded earned premiums to gross earned premiums was 41% and 40% for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and 38% and 37% for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The percentage of consolidated assumed earned premiums to net earned premiums was 29% and 27% for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and 28% and 29% for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

Substantially all of the incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses in the Company's program services business, which totaled $338.5 million and $703.5 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $373.3 million and $629.6 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, were ceded. Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses for the Company's underwriting operations were net of ceded incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses of $215.4 million and $349.4 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $52.0 million and $223.8 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.