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Variable Interest Entities and Noncontrolling Interests
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]  
Variable Interest Entities and Noncontrolling Interests
Variable Interest Entities and Noncontrolling Interests
The Company accounts for variable interest entities in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”). Under ASC 810, a variable interest entity (“VIE”) is created when: (a) the equity investment at risk in the entity is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support provided by other parties, including the equity holders; (b) the entity’s equity holders as a group either (i) lack the direct or indirect ability to make decisions about the entity, (ii) are not obligated to absorb expected losses of the entity or (iii) do not have the right to receive expected residual returns of the entity; or (c) the entity’s equity holders have voting rights that are not proportionate to their economic interests, and the activities of the entity involve or are conducted on behalf of the equity holder with disproportionately few voting rights. If an entity is deemed to be a VIE pursuant to ASC 810, the enterprise that has both (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity or right to receive benefits from the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE is considered the primary beneficiary and must consolidate the VIE. In accordance with ASC 810, we perform ongoing reassessments of whether an enterprise is the primary beneficiary of a VIE.
Joint Ventures
As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had eight and six joint ventures, respectively, which were deemed to be VIEs under ASC 810 for which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary. The Company manages the joint ventures, by using its sales, development and operations teams and has significant control over these projects and therefore the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the joint venture’s performance, in addition to being obligated to absorb expected losses or receive benefits from the joint venture, and therefore the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of these VIEs.
These joint ventures are each engaged in homebuilding and land development activities. Certain of these joint ventures have not obtained construction financing from outside lenders, but are financing their activities through equity contributions from each of the joint venture partners. The Company has no rights, nor does the Company have any obligation with respect to the liabilities of the VIEs, and none of the Company’s assets serve as collateral for the creditors of these VIEs. The assets of the joint ventures are the sole collateral for the liabilities of the joint ventures and as such, the creditors and equity investors of these joint ventures have no recourse to assets of the Company held outside of these joint ventures. The liabilities of each VIE are restricted to the assets of each VIE. Additionally, the creditors of the Company have no access to the assets of the VIEs. Income allocations and cash distributions to the Company are based on predetermined formulas between the Company and their joint venture partners as specified in the applicable partnership or operating agreements. The Company generally receives, after partners’ priority returns and return of partners’ capital, approximately 50% of the profits and cash flows from the joint ventures.
During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company formed three and three joint ventures, respectively, for the purpose of land development and homebuilding activities. The Company, as the managing member, has the power to direct the activities of the VIEs since it manages the daily operations and has exposure to the risks and rewards of the VIEs, as based on the division of income and loss per the joint venture agreements. Therefore, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the joint ventures, and the VIEs were consolidated as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
As of December 31, 2015, the assets of the consolidated VIEs totaled $155.0 million, of which $2.8 million was cash and $148.6 million was real estate inventories. The liabilities of the consolidated VIEs totaled $97.1 million, primarily comprised of notes payable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
As of December 31, 2014, the assets of the consolidated VIEs totaled $88.1 million, of which $3.3 million was cash and $81.3 million was real estate inventories. The liabilities of the consolidated VIEs totaled $45.0 million, primarily comprised of notes payable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities.