As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on December 16, 2022

Registration No. [•]​

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-4

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

iStar Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland (State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) 6798 (Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number) 95-6881527 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor
New York, New York 10036
(212) 930-9400

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Douglas B. Heitner, Esq.
iStar Inc.
1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor
New York, New York 10036
(212) 930-9400

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies of all communications, including communications sent to agent for service, should be sent to:

Kathleen L. Werner, Esq.
Clifford Chance US LLP
31 West 52nd Street
New York, New York 10019
(212) 878-8000 Douglas B. Heitner, Esq.
iStar Inc.
1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor
New York, New York 10036
(212) 930-9400 Eric L. Schiele, P.C.
Michael P. Brueck, P.C.
David L. Perechocky
Kirkland & Ellis LLP
601 Lexington Avenue
New York, New York 10022
(212) 446-4800

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If the securities being registered on this form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, check the following box.   ☐

If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ☐

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

Large accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
​	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.   ☐

If applicable, place an X in the box to designate the appropriate rule provision relied upon in conducting this transaction:

Exchange Act Rule 13e-4(i) (Cross-Border Issuer Tender Offer)   ☐

Exchange Act Rule 14d-l(d) (Cross-Border Third-Party Tender Offer)   ☐

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this preliminary proxy statement/prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be issued until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. The preliminary proxy statement/prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities nor a solicitation of an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer and sale is not permitted.

PRELIMINARY — SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED DECEMBER 16, 2022

MERGER PROPOSED — YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT

[•], 2023​

The boards of directors of iStar Inc., a Maryland corporation (which we refer to as “STAR”), and Safehold Inc., a Maryland corporation (which we refer to as “SAFE”), have each approved a merger agreement, dated as of August 10, 2022 (which we refer to, as amended from time to time, as the “merger agreement”), by and between STAR and SAFE. Pursuant to the merger agreement, STAR and SAFE will combine through a stock-for-stock merger, in which SAFE will merge with and into STAR (which we refer to as the “merger”), with STAR continuing as the surviving corporation and operating under the name “Safehold Inc.” ​(which we refer to as “New SAFE”).

Prior to the merger, STAR will consummate a series of reorganization and separation transactions (which we refer to, collectively, as the “SpinCo reorganization”) pursuant to which, among other things, STAR will separate its remaining legacy non-ground lease assets and businesses into a separate public company, Star Holdings, a Maryland statutory trust (which we refer to as “SpinCo”). Following the SpinCo reorganization, but prior to the effective time of the merger (which we refer to as the “effective time”), STAR will distribute to the stockholders of STAR, on a pro rata basis, all of the issued and outstanding common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share, of SpinCo (which we refer to as the “SpinCo distribution” and, together with the SpinCo reorganization, the “spin-off”).

In the merger and related transactions, the charter of STAR will be amended to effect a consolidation of each issued and outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of STAR (which we refer to as “STAR common stock”), by means of a reverse stock split (which we refer to as the “reverse split”), whereby each such share of STAR common stock will be combined into a fraction of a share of STAR common stock (which we refer to as the “STAR share consolidation ratio”) based on the number of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of SAFE (which we refer to as the “SAFE common stock”) owned by STAR, after giving effect to certain adjustments, and the number of shares of STAR common stock outstanding, in each case as of immediately prior to the reverse split, and further amended to change the par value per share of STAR common stock following the reverse split to $0.01 per share of STAR common stock (which we refer to as the “par value change”).

In the merger, SAFE stockholders will have the right to receive, after the reverse split, one (1) newly issued share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of New SAFE (which we refer to as “New SAFE common stock”) for each share of SAFE common stock that they own immediately prior to the effective time of the merger (which we refer to as the “merger exchange ratio”), as described in more detail in the accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Merger Agreement — Merger Consideration.” The merger exchange ratio is fixed and will not be adjusted to reflect stock price changes prior to the closing of the merger. Shares of New SAFE common stock will be traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “SAFE.”

STAR and SAFE will each hold special meetings of their respective stockholders on [•] in connection with the merger and related transactions. STAR stockholders are cordially invited to attend a special meeting of the stockholders of STAR (which we refer to as the “STAR special meeting”) to be held on [•] at [•] a.m., Eastern Time in a virtual format, and SAFE stockholders are cordially invited to attend a special meeting of the stockholders of SAFE (which we refer to as the “SAFE special meeting”) to be held on [•] at [•] a.m., Eastern Time in a virtual format.

Your vote is very important, regardless of the number of shares you own.   We cannot complete the merger unless (i) STAR stockholders approve each of the merger and the issuance of shares of New SAFE common stock in connection with the merger and (ii) SAFE stockholders approve the merger. Approval of the merger by STAR stockholders requires the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of STAR common stock and STAR 8% Series D Cumulative Redeemable preferred stock (which we refer to as the “STAR Series D preferred stock”) entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, assuming a quorum is present. Approval of the issuance of shares of New SAFE common stock by STAR stockholders requires the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes cast by holders of outstanding shares of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock, voting together as a single class, assuming a quorum is present. Approval of the merger by SAFE stockholders requires the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock entitled to vote thereon, assuming a quorum is present.

At the STAR special meeting, STAR stockholders will be asked to vote on (i) a proposal to approve the merger (which we refer to as the “STAR merger proposal”), (ii) a proposal to approve the issuance of shares of New SAFE common stock in connection with the merger (which we refer to as the “STAR stock issuance proposal”), (iii) a proposal

to approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, the compensation that STAR’s named executive officers may receive in connection with the merger (which we refer to as the “STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal”) and (iv) a proposal to approve the adjournment from time to time of the STAR special meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes at the time of the STAR special meeting, or any adjournment or postponement thereof, to approve each of the STAR merger proposal and the STAR stock issuance proposal (which we refer to as the “STAR adjournment proposal” and, collectively, with the STAR merger proposal, the STAR stock issuance proposal and the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal, the “STAR proposals”).

Based on the unanimous recommendation of a special committee of independent directors of STAR, the disinterested members of STAR’s board of directors have unanimously determined that the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger and the issuance of shares of New SAFE common stock in connection with the merger, are advisable, fair to and in the best interests of STAR, and the STAR board of directors recommends that STAR stockholders vote (i) “FOR” the approval of the STAR merger proposal, (ii) “FOR” the approval of the STAR stock issuance proposal, (iii) “FOR” the approval of the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal and (iv) “FOR” the approval of the STAR adjournment proposal.

At the SAFE special meeting, SAFE stockholders will be asked to vote on (i) a proposal to approve the merger (which we refer to as the “SAFE merger proposal”), (ii) a proposal to approve certain changes to SAFE’s Caret program (which we refer to as the “SAFE Caret amendment proposal”) and (iii) a proposal to approve the adjournment from time to time of the SAFE special meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes to adopt the SAFE merger proposal at the time of the SAFE special meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof (which we refer to as the “SAFE adjournment proposal” and, collectively with the SAFE merger proposal and the SAFE Caret amendment proposal, the “SAFE proposals”).

Based on the unanimous recommendation of a special committee of independent directors of SAFE with respect to the merger proposal, the disinterested members of SAFE’s board of directors have unanimously determined that the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger, are advisable, fair to and in the best interests of SAFE and its stockholders and the SAFE board of directors recommends that SAFE stockholders vote (i) “FOR” the approval of the SAFE merger proposal, (ii) “FOR” the approval of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal and (iii) “FOR” the approval of the SAFE adjournment proposal.

More information about STAR, SAFE, the special meetings, the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger, is included in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. You should also consider carefully the risks that are described in the “Risk Factors” section, beginning on page 34.

Whether or not you expect to attend your company’s special meeting, the details of which are described in the accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus, please immediately submit your proxy by telephone, by the Internet or by completing, signing, dating and returning your signed proxy card(s) in the enclosed prepaid return envelope so that your shares may be represented at the applicable special meeting.

If STAR stockholders have any questions or require assistance in voting their shares of STAR common stock, they should call Innisfree M&A Incorporated, STAR’s proxy solicitor for its special meeting, at (877) 825-8777.

If SAFE stockholders have any questions or require assistance in voting their shares of SAFE common stock, they should call D.F. King & Co., Inc., SAFE’s proxy solicitor for its special meeting, at (888) 887-0082.

We hope to see you at the applicable special meeting and look forward to the successful completion of the merger.

On behalf of the boards of directors of STAR and SAFE, thank you for your consideration and continued support.

Sincerely,	​	​
Jay Sugarman Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of STAR and SAFE	Barry Ridings Chairman of the STAR Special Committee	Stefan Selig Member of the SAFE Special Committee

Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (which we refer to as the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities to be issued under the accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus or determined that the accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus is dated [•], 2023 and is first being mailed to STAR stockholders and SAFE stockholders on or about [•], 2023.

iStar Inc.
1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor
New York, New York 10036
(212) 930-9400

NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
To Be Held On [•]

Dear Stockholders of iStar Inc.:

We are pleased to invite you to attend a special meeting of stockholders of iStar Inc., a Maryland corporation (which we refer to as “STAR”). The meeting will be held on [•] at [•] a.m., Eastern Time in a virtual meeting format (which we refer to as the “STAR special meeting”), to consider and vote upon the following matters:

•

a proposal to approve the merger of Safehold Inc., a Maryland corporation (which we refer to as “SAFE”), with and into STAR, with STAR continuing as the surviving corporation and operating under the name “Safehold Inc.” ​(which we refer to as “New SAFE”), as contemplated by the merger agreement (which we refer to, as amended from time to time, as the “merger agreement”) entered into by and between STAR and SAFE on August 10, 2022 (which we refer to as the “STAR merger proposal”);

•

a proposal to approve the issuance of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of New SAFE (which we refer to as “New SAFE common stock”) in connection with the merger (which we refer to as the “STAR stock issuance proposal”);

•

a proposal to approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, certain compensation that STAR’s named executive officers may receive in connection with the merger (which we refer to as the “STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal”); and

•

a proposal to approve the adjournment of the STAR special meeting from time to time, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes at the time of the STAR special meeting, or any adjournment or postponement thereof, to approve each of the STAR merger proposal and the STAR stock issuance proposal (which we refer to as the “STAR adjournment proposal”).

The approval by STAR stockholders of each of the STAR merger proposal and the STAR stock issuance proposal is a condition to the completion of the merger. If each of the STAR merger proposal and the STAR stock issuance proposal is not approved, the merger and related transactions will not be completed.

Since the vote on the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal is advisory only, it will not be binding on STAR. Accordingly, if the STAR merger proposal is approved and the merger is completed, the merger-related compensation will be payable, subject only to the conditions applicable thereto, regardless of the outcome of the vote on the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal.

Please refer to the attached joint proxy statement/prospectus for further information with respect to the business to be transacted at the STAR special meeting.

The special meeting will be a completely virtual meeting of stockholders, which will be conducted exclusively by webcast. No physical meeting will be held. You will be able to attend the special meeting online by visiting [•]. You also will be able to vote your shares online by attending the special meeting by webcast.

To participate in the special meeting, you will need to review the information included on your proxy card or on the instructions that accompanied your proxy materials. The password for the meeting is [•].

Holders of record of shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of STAR (which we refer to as “STAR common stock”) and shares of 8% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of STAR (which we refer to as “STAR Series D preferred stock”) at the close of business on [•] are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the STAR special meeting and any adjournments or postponements of the STAR special meeting.

To be approved, the STAR merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of STAR common stock and STAR 8% Series D Cumulative Redeemable preferred stock (which we refer to as the “STAR Series D preferred stock”) entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, assuming a quorum is present.

To be approved, each of the STAR stock issuance proposal, the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal and the STAR adjournment proposal requires the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes cast by holders of outstanding shares of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock, voting together as a single class, assuming a quorum is present. If a quorum is not present, the chairman of the STAR special meeting may adjourn the meeting.

Your vote is important. Whether or not you expect to attend the STAR special meeting, we urge you to vote your shares as promptly as possible by: (1) accessing the Internet website specified on your proxy card; (2) calling the toll-free number specified on your proxy card; or (3) signing and returning the enclosed proxy card in the postage-paid envelope provided, so that your shares may be represented and voted at the STAR special meeting. If your shares are held in the name of a bank, broker or other fiduciary, please follow the instructions on the voting instruction card furnished by the record holder.

By Order of the Board of Directors,

Geoffrey M. Dugan
General Counsel, Corporate and Secretary

[•], 2023
New York, New York

Safehold Inc.
1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor
New York, New York 10036
(212) 930-9400

NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
To Be Held On [•]

Dear Stockholders of Safehold Inc.:

We are pleased to invite you to attend a special meeting of stockholders of Safehold Inc., a Maryland corporation (which we refer to as “SAFE”). The meeting will be held on [•] at [•] a.m., Eastern Time in a virtual meeting format (which we refer to as the “SAFE special meeting”), to consider and vote upon the following matters:

•

a proposal to approve the merger of SAFE with and into iStar Inc., a Maryland corporation (which we refer to as “STAR”), with STAR continuing as the surviving corporation and operating under the name “Safehold Inc.” ​(which we refer to as “New SAFE”), as contemplated by the merger agreement (which we refer to, as amended from time to time, as the “merger agreement”) entered into by and between STAR and SAFE on August 10, 2022 (which we refer to, collectively, as the “SAFE merger proposal”);

•

a proposal to approve certain changes to SAFE’s Caret program (which we refer to as the “SAFE Caret amendment proposal”); and

•

a proposal to approve the adjournment of the SAFE special meeting from time to time, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes at the time of the SAFE special meeting, or any adjournment or postponement thereof, to approve each of the SAFE merger proposal and the SAFE Caret amendment proposal (which we refer to as the “SAFE adjournment proposal”).

The approval by SAFE stockholders of the SAFE merger proposal is a condition to the completion of the merger. If the SAFE merger proposal is not approved, the merger and related transactions will not be completed.

The approval by SAFE stockholders of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal is not a condition to the completion of the merger; however, the approval of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal is a condition to the closing of the sale by STAR of $200 million of shares of SAFE common stock to a third-party investor, the proceeds of which are intended to be used by STAR to reduce the outstanding principal amount of STAR’s senior unsecured notes. The merger agreement includes a covenant of STAR to repay its outstanding senior unsecured notes substantially concurrently with completion of the merger.

Please refer to the attached joint proxy statement/prospectus for further information with respect to the business to be transacted at the SAFE special meeting.

The special meeting will be a completely virtual meeting of stockholders, which will be conducted exclusively by webcast. No physical meeting will be held. You will be able to attend the special meeting online by visiting [•]. You also will be able to vote your shares online by attending the special meeting by webcast.

To participate in the special meeting, you will need to review the information included on your proxy card or on the instructions that accompanied your proxy materials. The password for the meeting is [•].

Holders of record of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of SAFE (which we refer to as the “SAFE common stock”), at the close of business on [•] are entitled to notice of, and to vote on, all proposals at the SAFE special meeting and any adjournments or postponements of the SAFE special meeting.

To be approved, the SAFE merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock entitled to vote thereon, assuming a quorum is present.

To be approved, each of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal and the SAFE adjournment proposal requires the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes cast by holders of outstanding shares of SAFE common stock, assuming a quorum is present. If a quorum is not present, the chairman of the SAFE special meeting may adjourn the meeting.

Your vote is important. Whether or not you expect to attend the SAFE special meeting, we urge you to vote your shares as promptly as possible by: (1) accessing the Internet website specified on your proxy card; (2) calling the toll-free number specified on your proxy card; or (3) signing and returning the enclosed proxy card in the postage-paid envelope provided, so that your shares may be represented and voted at the SAFE special meeting. If your shares are held in the name of a bank, broker or other fiduciary, please follow the instructions on the voting instruction card furnished by the record holder.

By Order of the Board of Directors,

Geoffrey M. Dugan
General Counsel, Corporate and
Secretary

[•], 2023
New York, New York

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

This joint proxy statement/prospectus incorporates by reference important business and financial information about STAR and SAFE from other documents that are not included in or delivered with this joint proxy statement/prospectus. This information is available to you without charge upon your request. You can obtain the documents incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus by requesting them in writing or by telephone from the appropriate company at the following addresses and telephone numbers:

iStar Inc. 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor New York, New York 10036 (212) 930-9400 Attention: Investor Relations or	Safehold Inc. 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor New York, New York 10036 (212) 930-9400 Attention: Investor Relations or
Innisfree M&A Incorporated 501 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor New York, New York 10022 Shareholders may call toll free: (877) 825-8777 Banks and Brokers may call collect: (212) 750-5833	D.F. King & Co., Inc. 48 Wall Street, 22nd Floor New York, New York 10005 Stockholders may call toll free: (888) 887-0082 Banks and Brokers may call collect: (212) 269-5550 Email: SAFE@dfking.com

Investors may also consult the websites of STAR or SAFE for more information concerning the merger and the other transactions described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The website of STAR is www.istar.com and the website of SAFE is www.safeholdinc.com. Information included on these websites is not incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

If you would like to request any documents, please do so by [•], in order to receive them before the special meetings.

For a more detailed description of the information incorporated by reference in this joint proxy statement/​prospectus and how you may obtain it, see “Where You Can Find More Information.”

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

This joint proxy statement/prospectus, which forms part of a registration statement on Form S-4 filed with the SEC by STAR, constitutes a prospectus of STAR under Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (which we refer to as the “Securities Act”), with respect to the New SAFE common stock to be issued to SAFE stockholders in connection with the merger. This document also constitutes a joint proxy statement of STAR and SAFE under Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (which we refer to as the “Exchange Act”). It also constitutes a notice of meeting with respect to the STAR special meeting and the SAFE special meeting, at which STAR stockholders and SAFE stockholders, respectively, will be asked to vote upon certain proposals to approve the merger and other related matters.

You should not rely on any information that is not contained or incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus. No one has been authorized to provide you with information that is different from that contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this joint proxy statement/prospectus. This joint proxy statement/prospectus is dated [•]. You should not assume that the information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this joint proxy statement/prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of those documents. Neither our mailing of this joint proxy statement/​prospectus to STAR stockholders or SAFE stockholders nor the issuance of New SAFE common stock in connection with the merger will create any implication to the contrary.

Neither STAR stockholders nor SAFE stockholders should construe the contents of this joint proxy statement/prospectus as legal, tax or financial advice. STAR stockholders and SAFE stockholders should consult with their own legal, tax, financial or other professional advisors. All summaries of, and references to, the agreements governing the terms of the transactions described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus are qualified by the full copies of and complete text of such agreements in the forms attached hereto as annexes, which are also available on the Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval System (EDGAR) of the SEC website at www.sec.gov.

This joint proxy statement/prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities, or the solicitation of a proxy, in any jurisdiction in which or from any person to whom it is unlawful to make any such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. Information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus regarding STAR has been provided by STAR and information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus regarding SAFE has been provided by SAFE.

NEITHER THE SEC NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THE SECURITIES TO BE ISSUED IN CONNECTION WITH THE MERGER OR DETERMINED IF THIS JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS IS ACCURATE OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This joint proxy statement/prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements” for purposes of federal and state securities laws. These forward-looking statements, which are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about the industry and markets in which STAR and SAFE operate and beliefs of and assumptions made by STAR’s management and SAFE’s management, involve uncertainties that could significantly affect the financial or operating results of STAR or SAFE. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “will,” variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about the benefits of the proposed transactions involving STAR and SAFE, including future financial and operating results, plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. All statements that address operating performance, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future — including statements relating to creating value for stockholders, benefits of the proposed transactions to tenants, employees, stockholders and other constituents of the combined company, integrating our companies, cost savings and the expected timetable for completing the proposed transactions — are forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Although we believe the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, we can give no assurance that our expectations will be attained and, therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that may affect outcomes and results include, but are not limited to, those set forth under “Risk Factors” as well as the following:

•

risks associated with the ability to consummate the merger;

•

risks associated with the merger exchange ratio and the STAR share consolidation ratio;

•

risks associated with the dilution of STAR stockholders in the merger;

•

risks associated with the failure to consummate the merger;

•

risks associated with provisions in the merger agreement that could discourage a potential competing acquirer of either STAR or SAFE;

•

risks associated with the pendency of the merger adversely affecting the businesses of STAR and SAFE;

•

risks associated with the different interests in the merger of certain directors and executive officers of STAR and SAFE;

•

risks associated with the different interests in the merger of STAR, a significant stockholder of SAFE;

•

risks associated with the failure of the spin-off to deliver its intended results;

•

risks associated with the spin-off distracting management time and attention and giving rise to disputes or other unfavorable effects;

•

risks associated with the spin-off exposing STAR and New SAFE to liabilities arising out of fraudulent conveyance laws;

•

risks associated with the agreements entered into in connection with the spin-off not reflecting arm’s-length terms;

•

risks associated with the expenses incurred by New SAFE in connection with the transactions;

•

risks associated with the inability of New SAFE to retain key employees following the merger;

•

risks associated with New SAFE’s failure to effectively manage its operations following the merger;

•

risks associated with the trading price of shares of New SAFE common stock following the merger;

•

risks associated with the historical and unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information presented herein not being representative of New SAFE’s results post-transactions;

•

risks associated with New SAFE’s indebtedness post-merger;

•

risks relating to reductions in distributions and potential dilution to SAFE and New SAFE common stockholders arising from distributions to holders of Caret units (as defined below);

•

risks that the proposed changes to the Caret program (as defined below) may fail to improve market recognition of SAFE’s and New SAFE’s two distinct components of value;

•

risks relating to potential conflicts of interest between holders of SAFE and New SAFE common stock and holders of Caret units;

•

risks that the proposed changes to the Caret program will place certain limitations on SAFE and New SAFE;

•

risks associated with STAR or SAFE failing to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

•

risks associated with the complex organizational and operational requirements of REITs;

•

risks associated with New SAFE’s limited ability to engage in certain prohibited transactions for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

•

risks associated with a decline in the market price for New SAFE common stock as a result of the transactions;

•

risks associated with rights of holders of the New SAFE common stock being different from those of holders of the STAR common stock;

•

risks associated with anti-takeover effects of certain provisions of New SAFE’s organizational documents, the MGCL and the documents governing the Caret program;

•

risks associated with certain provisions of New SAFE’s organizational documents limiting shareholder recourse and access to judicial forum;

•

risks associated with New SAFE not paying dividends at or above the rate currently paid by STAR or SAFE post-transactions; and

•

those additional risks and factors discussed in reports filed with the SEC by STAR and SAFE from time to time, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in their respective most recently filed reports on Forms 10-K and 10-Q.

Neither STAR nor SAFE undertakes any duty to update any forward-looking statements appearing in this document, except as may be required by applicable securities laws.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

​	Page
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS	​	1
SUMMARY	​	13
SUMMARY HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA OF STAR	​	27
SUMMARY HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA OF SAFE	​	30
SUMMARY UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION	​	32
RISK FACTORS	​	34
Risks Relating to the Merger	​	34
Risks Relating to the Spin-Off	​	38
Risks Relating to New SAFE after Completion of the Transactions	​	39
Risks Relating to the Caret Program	​	41
Risks Relating to the Status of STAR and SAFE as REITs	​	44
Risks Relating to an Investment in New SAFE Common Stock Following the Transactions	​	45
Other Risks	​	47
COMPARATIVE STOCK PRICES AND DIVIDENDS	​	48
COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL AND UNAUDITED PRO FORMA PER SHARE DATA	​	49
INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPANIES	​	50
iStar Inc.	​	50
Safehold Inc.	​	50
Star Holdings	​	50
THE MERGER	​	51
Background of the Merger	​	51
Certain Relationships between STAR and SAFE	​	62
STAR’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the STAR Board of Directors	​	63
SAFE’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the SAFE Board of Directors	​	66
Opinion of the STAR Special Committee’s Financial Advisor, Lazard	​	70
Opinion of the SAFE Special Committee’s Financial Advisor, J.P. Morgan	​	82
STAR Unaudited Prospective Financial Information	​	87
SAFE Unaudited Prospective Financial Information	​	88
Interests of STAR’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger	​	91
STAR Restricted Stock Units and iPIP Awards	​	94
Interests of SAFE’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger	​	96
Treatment of Caret Units and SAFE Restricted Stock Units in the Merger	​	97
Directors and Officers of New SAFE After the Transactions	​	98
Accounting Treatment	​	98
Regulatory Approvals	​	98
Exchange of Shares in the Merger	​	98
Dividends	​	99
Listing of New SAFE Common Stock in the Merger	​	99

i

​	Page
De-Listing and Deregistration of SAFE Common Stock	​	99
Treatment of Indebtedness	​	99
THE SPIN-OFF	​	100
THE MSD TRANSACTIONS	​	105
THE MERGER AGREEMENT	​	109
Form of the Merger	​	109
Merger Consideration	​	109
Treatment of STAR Equity Awards in the Charter Amendment and SAFE Equity Awards in the Merger	​	110
Closing; Effective Time of the Merger	​	110
Charter and Bylaws	​	110
Directors and Officers	​	110
Exchange of Shares in the Merger	​	111
Representations and Warranties of STAR and SAFE	​	111
Definition of “Material Adverse Effect”	​	112
Conduct of Business Pending the Merger	​	113
Other Covenants and Agreements	​	117
Dividends	​	118
Conditions to Completion of the Merger	​	118
No Solicitation	​	121
Change in Recommendation Restrictions and Exceptions	​	122
Fees and Expenses	​	123
Termination of the Merger Agreement	​	123
Director and Officer Indemnification and Insurance	​	125
Amendment and Waiver of the Merger Agreement	​	126
Governing Law	​	126
Specific Performance; Remedies	​	126
Internalization Option	​	126
CERTAIN AGREEMENTS RELATED TO THE TRANSACTIONS	​	127
Voting Agreement with STAR	​	127
SpinCo Management Agreement	​	128
Governance Agreement	​	130
Registration Rights Agreement	​	131
SpinCo Secured Term Loan	​	131
CERTAIN MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE MERGER	​	132
SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS OF STAR	​	135
Date, Time and Place	​	135
Purpose of the STAR Special Meeting	​	135
Recommendation of the STAR Special Committee and the STAR Board of Directors	​	135

ii

​	Page
STAR Record Date; Stock Entitled to Vote	​	135
Quorum	​	135
Required Vote	​	135
Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes	​	136
Shares Held in Street Name	​	136
Attending the Meeting	​	137
Voting of Proxies	​	137
Revocability of Proxies or Voting Instructions	​	138
Solicitation of Proxies	​	138
STAR PROPOSALS	​	139
STAR PROPOSAL 1: THE STAR MERGER PROPOSAL	​	139
Required Vote	​	139
STAR PROPOSAL 2: THE STAR STOCK ISSUANCE PROPOSAL	​	140
Required Vote	​	140
STAR PROPOSAL 3: THE STAR NON-BINDING ADVISORY COMPENSATION PROPOSAL	​	141
Required Vote	​	141
STAR PROPOSAL 4: THE STAR ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL	​	142
Required Vote	​	142
SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS OF SAFE	​	143
Date, Time and Place	​	143
Purpose of the SAFE Special Meeting	​	143
Recommendations of the SAFE Special Committee and the SAFE Board of Directors	​	143
SAFE Record Date; Stock Entitled to Vote	​	143
Quorum	​	143
Required Vote	​	144
Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes	​	144
Shares Held in Street Name	​	144
Attending the Meeting	​	144
Voting of Proxies	​	145
Revocability of Proxies or Voting Instructions	​	145
Solicitation of Proxies	​	146
SAFE PROPOSALS	​	147
SAFE PROPOSAL 1: THE SAFE MERGER PROPOSAL	​	147
Required Vote	​	147
SAFE PROPOSAL 2: THE SAFE CARET AMENDMENT PROPOSAL	​	148
Required Vote	​	148
SAFE PROPOSAL 3: THE SAFE ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL	​	161
Required Vote	​	161
DESCRIPTION OF NEW SAFE CAPITAL STOCK	​	162

iii

​	Page
SHARE OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT/​DIRECTORS OF STAR	​	168
SHARE OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT/​DIRECTORS OF SAFE	​	170
COMPARISON OF RIGHTS OF STAR STOCKHOLDERS AND NEW SAFE STOCKHOLDERS	​	172
THE PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT AND RELATED AGREEMENTS	​	194
LEGAL MATTERS	​	204
EXPERTS	​	204
FUTURE STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS	​	204
STAR	​	204
SAFE	​	204
OTHER MATTERS	​	205
HOUSEHOLDING OF PROXY MATERIALS	​	205
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION	​	205
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	​	208

ANNEXES

iv

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

The following are answers to some questions that you, as a stockholder of iStar Inc., a Maryland corporation (which we refer to as “STAR”), or a stockholder of Safehold Inc., a Maryland corporation (which we refer to as “SAFE”), may have regarding the proposed transactions between STAR and SAFE and the other matters being considered at the special meeting of STAR (which we refer to as the “STAR special meeting”) and at the special meeting of SAFE (which we refer to as the “SAFE special meeting”). STAR and SAFE urge you to carefully read this joint proxy statement/prospectus because the information in this section does not provide all the information that might be important to you with respect to the merger and the other matters being considered at the special meetings. Additional important information is also contained in the annexes to and the documents incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

Q:

What is the merger?

A:

STAR and SAFE have agreed to combine pursuant to the terms of an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 10, 2022 (which we refer to, as amended from time to time, as the “merger agreement”), by and between STAR and SAFE. A copy of the merger agreement is attached as Annex A to this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

The merger agreement provides that, subject to the terms and conditions thereof, SAFE will merge with and into STAR (which we refer to as the “merger”). The surviving company of the merger will be named Safehold Inc. (which we refer to as “New SAFE”) and its shares of common stock will trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “SAFE.”

In the merger and related transactions, each issued and outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of STAR (which we refer to as the “STAR common stock”) will, by means of a reverse stock split (which we refer to as the “reverse split”), be combined into a fraction of a share of STAR common stock (which we refer to as the “STAR share consolidation ratio”) equal to (i)(a) the number of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of SAFE (which we refer to as “SAFE common stock”) held by STAR and its wholly-owned subsidiaries as of immediately prior to the reverse split (after giving effect to (w) the spin-off (as defined below), (x) the distribution by STAR of approximately 6.63 million of its shares of SAFE common stock to holders of STAR common stock in a pro rata distribution paid on December 7, 2022 (which we refer to as the “STAR special distribution”); (y) any sales or other distributions by STAR of SAFE common stock that occur prior to the reverse split, including distributions in respect of STAR’s performance incentive program known as “iPIP” and (z) the MSD transactions (as defined below)), plus (b) 1,195,034 (representing $50 million of shares of SAFE common stock based on the volume-weighted average price of the SAFE common stock during the 10-day period ended August 9, 2022), plus (c) the number of shares of SAFE common stock payable in respect of accrued but unpaid management fees owing to STAR, divided by (ii) the aggregate number of issued and outstanding shares of STAR common stock as of immediately prior to the reverse split.

Based on (i) the number of shares of STAR common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2022; (ii) our current estimate of the number of shares of SAFE common stock that will be owned by STAR as of the closing date of the merger (which we define as the “closing date”), after giving effect to the adjustments described in the immediately preceding paragraph; and (iii) the approximate respective trading prices of $26.46 per share of SAFE common stock, as of September 30, 2022, and $7.07 per share of STAR common stock adjusted for the STAR special distribution, as of September 30, 2022, we currently estimate that the STAR share consolidation ratio will be approximately 0.138, meaning that, in the reverse split each STAR stockholder is expected to receive approximately 0.138 of a share of STAR common stock for each share of STAR common stock that such stockholder owns prior to the reverse split. These shares will remain outstanding as shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of New SAFE (which we refer to as “New SAFE common stock”) from and after the effective time of the merger (which we refer to as the “effective time”). By virtue of the merger, each share of SAFE common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time will be converted into the right to receive a fixed number of one share of New SAFE common stock (which we refer to as the “merger exchange ratio”).

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The merger exchange ratio of one share of New SAFE common stock for each outstanding share of SAFE common stock (other than certain excluded shares) is fixed. The STAR share consolidation ratio, which determines the number of shares of New SAFE common stock to be received by holders of STAR common stock in connection with the merger, is not fixed and will be finally determined based on the number of shares of SAFE common stock held by STAR and the number of shares of STAR common stock outstanding at the time of the reverse split, which will occur just prior to the merger. The final STAR share consolidation ratio is subject to change based on a number of factors and may be higher or lower than 0.138. Items that could cause a change in the final STAR share consolidation ratio include, without limitation, any of the following that may occur prior to the closing of the merger: sales or other distributions by STAR of shares of SAFE common stock owned by STAR; increases or decreases in the price of SAFE common stock which, among other things, will affect the number of shares of SAFE common stock that STAR will be required to distribute to participants in its iPIP programs and that will serve as collateral for a margin loan financing related to the spin-off, as discussed further below; the receipt of lower prices than anticipated for legacy asset sales, delays in the anticipated timing of legacy asset sales and/or insufficient sales of legacy assets, which could necessitate STAR having to sell SAFE shares in order to raise additional cash proceeds to satisfy its liabilities; and delays in the timing of closing of the merger, which could also necessitate STAR having to raise additional cash from sales of SAFE shares to compensate for cash used to fund operating activities.

Based on September 30, 2022 stock prices and assuming a STAR share consolidation ratio of 0.138, we currently estimate that New SAFE will have approximately 63.6 million shares of New SAFE common stock outstanding upon completion of the merger, of which (x) approximately 36.4 million shares (or approximately 57.3%) will have been issued to holders of SAFE common stock (other than STAR) in the merger (including former stockholders of STAR who received an aggregate of approximately 6.63 million (or approximately 10.4% of the outstanding shares of New SAFE) shares of SAFE common stock in the STAR special distribution and continue to hold their SAFE shares at the effective time of the merger); (y) approximately 12.0 million shares (or approximately 18.9%) will have been issued to holders of STAR common stock in the reverse split; and (z) approximately 15.1 million shares (or approximately 23.8%) will have been contributed by STAR to SpinCo.

Holders of outstanding preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of STAR (which we refer to as “STAR preferred stock”) will receive cash in the merger in an amount per share equal to the liquidation preference of such share of preferred stock plus accrued and unpaid dividends to the closing date.

Q:

What happens if the market price of shares of STAR common stock or SAFE common stock changes before the closing of the merger?

A:

As discussed in the answer to the preceding question, changes in the market price of SAFE common stock will impact the number of shares of SAFE common stock that STAR will own at the time of the reverse split, which in turn will affect the final STAR share consolidation ratio. The final STAR share consolidation ratio is relevant to the relative ownership percentages of former holders of STAR common stock, as a group, and former holders of SAFE common stock, as a group, of the New SAFE common stock immediately after giving effect to the merger.

Q:

What is the SAFE Caret amendment?

A:

The SAFE Caret amendment is a proposed amendment to the terms of SAFE’s existing Caret program to effect a restructuring of the Caret program and significant changes to the terms of the Caret units, including, among other matters:

•

eliminating Caret unit holders’ rights to refinancing proceeds in excess of an asset’s investment basis;

•

limiting distributions to Caret units in certain circumstances, such as restricting future Caret unit distributions until SAFE (as holder of the GL units (as defined below)) is made whole in the event the operating partnership of SAFE (and of New SAFE after the merger) (which we refer to as “Portfolio Holdings”) fails to recover its investment basis in certain ground lease assets from the sale thereof following a default under the corresponding ground lease;

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•

expanding the circumstances pursuant to which Portfolio Holdings is required to sell a ground lease asset and requiring sales of a ground lease asset to an unaffiliated third party or through an arm’s length marketed process; and

•

providing that any material amendment to the limited liability company agreement of Portfolio Holdings, after giving effect to the SAFE Caret amendment (which we refer to as the “Portfolio Holdings LLCA”), that adversely impacts the interest of Caret unit holders, subject to certain agreed exceptions, will require the consent of (i) a majority of Caret unit holders that are not SAFE (or, after the merger, New SAFE) or members of its management, prior to certain specified liquidity transactions, and (ii) a majority of the members of a committee of independent directors and, for certain amendments, a majority of Caret unit holders that are not SAFE (or, after the merger, New SAFE) or members of its management, following certain specified liquidity transactions.

For more information, see “SAFE Proposal 2: The SAFE Caret Amendment Proposal.”

Q:

Why am I receiving this joint proxy statement/prospectus?

A:

The merger cannot be completed unless the following conditions are satisfied or waived (if waivable):

•

STAR stockholders vote to approve the merger (which we refer to as the “STAR merger proposal”);

•

STAR stockholders vote to approve the issuance of shares of New SAFE common stock in connection with the merger (which we refer to as the “STAR stock issuance proposal”); and

•

SAFE stockholders vote to approve the merger (which we refer to as the “SAFE merger proposal”).

The approval by SAFE stockholders of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal is not a condition to the completion of the merger; however, the approval of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal is a condition to the closing of the MSD transactions (as defined below), the proceeds of which are intended to be used by STAR to reduce the outstanding principal amount of STAR’s senior unsecured notes. The merger agreement includes a covenant of STAR to repay its outstanding senior unsecured notes substantially concurrently with completion of the merger.

Each of STAR and SAFE will hold separate special meetings of their stockholders to obtain approvals for these and other related proposals as described herein.

This joint proxy statement/prospectus contains important information about the merger and the other proposals being voted on at the special meetings, and you should read it carefully. It is a joint proxy statement because the STAR board of directors is soliciting proxies from its stockholders and the SAFE board of directors is soliciting proxies from its stockholders. It is a prospectus because New SAFE will issue shares of its common stock in connection with the merger. The enclosed voting materials allow you to vote your shares without attending your respective meeting.

Your vote is important. We encourage you to vote as soon as possible.

Q:

Why is STAR proposing the merger?

A:

Among other reasons, the STAR board of directors, acting on the recommendation of a committee comprised solely of independent directors (which we refer to as the “STAR special committee”), approved the merger agreement and recommended that STAR stockholders approve the STAR merger proposal and the STAR stock issuance proposal because the merger represents the culmination of STAR’s stated corporate strategy since 2019 and they believe that the merger and related transactions will provide a number of strategic benefits and opportunities for STAR stockholders. For more information, see “The Merger — STAR’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the STAR Board of Directors.”

Q:

Why is SAFE proposing the merger?

A:

Among other reasons, the SAFE board of directors, acting on the recommendation of a committee comprised solely of independent directors (which we refer to as the “SAFE special committee”), approved the merger agreement and recommended that SAFE stockholders approve the SAFE merger proposal based on a number of strategic and financial benefits, including the potential for New SAFE to create

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additional long-term value for SAFE stockholders due to its improved credit profile and stronger balance sheet and enhanced ability to raise capital in the future, and the expected cost savings and value that SAFE stockholders will benefit from through the internalization of STAR’s management team and intellectual property. For more information, see “The Merger — SAFE’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the SAFE Board of Directors.”

Q:

Why is SAFE proposing the Caret amendment?

A:

Approval of the Caret amendment proposal by SAFE stockholders is required to consummate the MSD transactions, as defined below. Additionally, among other reasons, the SAFE board of directors believes that the proposed modifications to the Caret program reflect various enhancements that should help to achieve the stated purpose of improving the recognition of the value of unrealized capital appreciation (as defined below) in SAFE’s ground lease portfolio, simplify the overall structure of SAFE’s Caret program and better position SAFE to make potential future sales of Caret units to investors in either private or public offerings. For more information, see “SAFE Proposal 2: The SAFE Caret Amendment Proposal — Principal Reasons for Changes to the Caret Program” and “The MSD Transactions.”

Q:

What are the MSD Transactions and why are they important?

A:

STAR and MSD Partners, L.P. (which we refer to as “MSD Partners”) entered into a stock purchase agreement, dated as of August 10, 2022, to which SAFE is also a party, pursuant to which MSD Partners has agreed to purchase 5,405,406 shares of SAFE common stock from STAR for an aggregate purchase price of $200,000,022.00, or $37.00 per share, payable in cash. We refer to this transaction as the “MSD stock purchase.” SAFE and Caret Ventures LLC (which we refer to as “Caret Ventures”) entered into a subscription agreement, dated as of August 10, 2022, with MSD Partners pursuant to which MSD Partners has subscribed to purchase 100,000 Caret units for an aggregate purchase price of $20,000,000.00, payable in cash. We refer to this transaction as the “MSD Caret unit purchase,” and together with the MSD stock purchase as the “MSD transactions.” The closings of the MSD stock purchase and the MSD Caret unit purchase are conditioned on each other and will take place immediately prior to, and on the same date as, the closing of the merger, subject to the satisfaction of certain other closing conditions. The closing of the MSD Caret unit purchase is subject to the approval of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal at the special meeting. If the SAFE Caret amendment proposal is not approved at the special meeting, MSD Partners will have the right to terminate both the MSD Caret unit purchase and the MSD stock purchase. In addition, if the merger agreement is terminated for any reason, the MSD stock purchase agreement and the MSD Caret unit subscription agreement (as defined below) will also terminate.

STAR intends to use the proceeds of the MSD stock purchase to reduce the outstanding principal amount of its senior unsecured notes. The merger agreement includes a covenant of STAR to repay its outstanding senior unsecured notes substantially concurrently with completion of the merger. If the MSD stock purchase does not occur for any reason, STAR will have to obtain $200 million from other sources in order to satisfy that covenant.

Q:

What is the spin-off and why is it important?

A:

Prior to the merger, STAR will consummate (1) a series of internal reorganization and separation transactions (which we refer to, collectively, as the “SpinCo reorganization”) in order to separate its remaining legacy non-ground lease assets and businesses into a separate public company, STAR Holdings, a Maryland statutory trust (which we refer to as “SpinCo”) and (2) a pro-rata distribution of the common shares of SpinCo to STAR’s common stockholders (which we refer to as the “SpinCo distribution” and, together with the SpinCo reorganization, the “spin-off”). The spin-off is important because it will separate STAR’s assets and liabilities related to its non-ground lease business from STAR before STAR and SAFE complete the merger. Completing the spin-off prior to the merger will improve New SAFE’s credit profile and enable New SAFE to be dedicated to the ground lease business. SpinCo will be dedicated to the business of managing and monetizing STAR’s remaining non-ground lease legacy assets, which are comprised primarily of interests in real properties that present uncertain future cash flows, and shares of New SAFE.

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Q:

What are the reasons for the reverse split?

A:

The reverse split will function to combine the outstanding shares of STAR common stock into fractions of a share equal to the STAR share consolidation ratio, after which new shares will be issued pursuant to the merger to holders of SAFE common stock. The reverse split and the STAR share consolidation ratio are designed to achieve a result similar to STAR making a distribution of its shares of SAFE common stock to the holders of STAR common stock immediately prior to the merger, after the adjustments contemplated by the STAR share consolidation ratio. For more information, see “The Merger Agreement — Reverse Split.”

Q:

When and where will the special meetings be held?

A:

The STAR special meeting will be held on [•] at [•] a.m., Eastern Time. The special meeting will be a completely virtual meeting of stockholders, which will be conducted exclusively by webcast. No physical meeting will be held. You will be able to attend the special meeting online and submit your questions during the meeting by visiting [•]. You also will be able to vote your shares online by attending the special meeting by webcast.

To participate in the special meeting, you will need to review the information included on your proxy card or on the instructions that accompanied your proxy materials. The password for the meeting is [•].

If you hold your shares through an intermediary, such as a bank or broker, you must register in advance using the instructions below.

The online meeting will begin promptly at [•]:00 a.m., Eastern Time. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time leaving ample time for the check in. Please follow the registration instructions as outlined in this proxy statement.

The SAFE special meeting will be held on [•] at [•] a.m., Eastern Time. The special meeting will be a completely virtual meeting of stockholders, which will be conducted exclusively by webcast. No physical meeting will be held. You will be able to attend the special meeting online and submit your questions during the meeting by visiting [•]. You also will be able to vote your shares online by attending the special meeting by webcast.

To participate in the special meeting, you will need to review the information included on your proxy card or on the instructions that accompanied your proxy materials. The password for the meeting is [•].

If you hold your shares through an intermediary, such as a bank or broker, you must register in advance using the instructions below.

The online meeting will begin promptly at [•]:00 a.m., Eastern Time. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time leaving ample time for the check in. Please follow the registration instructions as outlined in this proxy statement.

Q:

How do I vote?

A:

STAR.   If you are a holder of record of STAR common stock or shares of 8% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of STAR (which we refer to as “STAR Series D preferred stock”) as of the record date for the STAR special meeting, you may vote on the applicable proposals by:

•

accessing the Internet website specified on your proxy card;

•

calling the toll-free number specified on your proxy card; or

•

signing and returning the enclosed proxy card in the postage-paid envelope provided.

If you hold STAR common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock in the name of a broker, bank or nominee, please follow the voting instructions provided by your broker, bank or nominee to ensure that your shares are represented at the STAR special meeting.

SAFE.   If you are a holder of record of SAFE common stock as of the record date for the SAFE special meeting, you may vote on the applicable proposal by:

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•

accessing the Internet website specified on your proxy card;

•

calling the toll-free number specified on your proxy card; or

•

signing and returning the enclosed proxy card in the postage-paid envelope provided.

If you hold shares of SAFE common stock in the name of a broker, bank or nominee, please follow the voting instructions provided by your broker, bank or nominee to ensure that your shares are represented at the SAFE special meeting.

Q:

What am I being asked to vote on?

A:

STAR.   STAR stockholders are being asked to vote on (i) the STAR merger proposal, (ii) the STAR stock issuance proposal, (iii) a proposal to approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, certain compensation that STAR’s named executive officers may receive in connection with the merger (which we refer to as the “STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal”) and (iv) a proposal to approve the adjournment from time to time of the STAR special meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes at the time of the STAR special meeting, or any adjournment or postponement thereof, to approve each of the STAR merger proposal and the STAR stock issuance proposal (which we refer to as the “STAR adjournment proposal”). STAR stockholders are not being asked to vote on the spin-off.

SAFE.   SAFE stockholders are being asked to vote on (i) the SAFE merger proposal, (ii) a proposal to approve certain changes to SAFE’s Caret program (which we refer to as the “SAFE Caret amendment proposal”) and (iii) a proposal to approve the adjournment from time to time of the SAFE special meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes to adopt the SAFE merger proposal at the time of the SAFE special meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof (which we refer to as the “SAFE adjournment proposal”).

The merger cannot be completed without the approval by STAR stockholders of the STAR merger proposal and the STAR stock issuance proposal and the approval by SAFE stockholders of the SAFE merger proposal. Approval of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal is not a condition to completion of the merger, but is a condition to completion of the MSD transactions.

Q:

What vote is required to approve each proposal?

A:

STAR.

•

The STAR merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the outstanding shares of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock, voting together as a single class, assuming a quorum is present.

•

The STAR stock issuance proposal, the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal and the STAR adjournment proposal each require the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes cast by holders of outstanding shares of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock, voting together as a single class, assuming a quorum is present. If a quorum is not present, the chair of the STAR special meeting may adjourn the meeting.

SAFE.

•

The SAFE merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock, assuming a quorum is present.

•

The SAFE Caret amendment proposal and the SAFE adjournment proposal each require the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes cast by holders of outstanding shares of SAFE common stock, assuming a quorum is present. If a quorum is not present, the chair of the SAFE special meeting may adjourn the meeting.

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Q:

How do the boards of directors of STAR and SAFE recommend that I vote?

A:

STAR.   The STAR board of directors unanimously recommends that holders of STAR common stock and holders of STAR Series D preferred stock vote “FOR” the STAR merger proposal, “FOR” the STAR stock issuance proposal, “FOR” the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal and “FOR” the STAR adjournment proposal.

SAFE.   The SAFE board of directors unanimously recommends that holders of SAFE common stock vote “FOR” the SAFE merger proposal, “FOR” the SAFE Caret amendment proposal and “FOR” the SAFE adjournment proposal.

Q:

How many votes do I have?

A:

STAR.   Holders of STAR common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock owned as of the close of business on [•], 2023, the record date for the STAR special meeting. Holders of STAR Series D preferred stock are entitled to 0.25 votes for each share of STAR Series D preferred stock owned as of the record date for the STAR special meeting. As of the close of business on the record date for the STAR special meeting, there were [•] outstanding shares of STAR common stock and [•] outstanding shares of STAR Series D preferred stock, approximately [•]% and [•]% of which, respectively, were beneficially owned by the directors and executive officers of STAR.

SAFE.   Holders of SAFE common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock owned as of the close of business on [•], 2023, the record date for the SAFE special meeting. For more information, see “Questions and Answers — Have any stockholders already agreed to approve the merger and other proposals?” As of the close of business on the record date for the SAFE special meeting, there were [•] outstanding shares of SAFE common stock, approximately [•]% of which were beneficially owned by the directors and executive officers of SAFE.

Q:

What constitutes a quorum?

A:

STAR.   Holders of enough outstanding STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock on the record date, in the aggregate, to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast must be present or represented by proxy to constitute a quorum at the STAR special meeting.

SAFE.   Holders of the outstanding SAFE common stock on the record date entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast must be present in person or represented by proxy to constitute a quorum at the SAFE special meeting.

Q:

Have any stockholders already agreed to approve the merger and other proposals?

A:

Yes. Pursuant to a voting agreement, dated as of August 10, 2022, by and between STAR and SAFE (which we refer to as the “STAR voting agreement”), STAR will vote its shares representing 41.9% of the outstanding SAFE common stock to (i) approve the merger and take certain other actions, including voting against any alternative acquisition proposal or other proposal which could reasonably be expected to materially delay, postpone or materially adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; and (ii) approve the SAFE Caret amendment proposal and the SAFE adjournment proposal. In accordance with the terms of the existing stockholders’ agreement between SAFE and STAR, the remainder of the SAFE common stock owned by STAR will be voted in the same manner and proportion as the votes cast by the remaining shareholders of SAFE. The STAR voting agreement and the obligations thereunder terminate upon the termination of the merger agreement in accordance with its terms. For more information, see “Certain Agreements Related to the Transactions — Voting Agreement.”

Q:

If my shares of common stock or preferred stock are held in “street name” by my broker, will my broker vote my shares for me?

A:

If you hold your shares of common stock or preferred stock in a stock brokerage account or if your shares of common stock or preferred stock are held by a bank or nominee (that is, in “street name”), you must provide the record holder of your shares with instructions on how to vote your shares of common stock or preferred stock, as applicable. Please follow the voting instructions provided by your broker,

7

bank or nominee. Please note that you may not vote shares of common stock or preferred stock held in street name by returning a proxy card directly to STAR or SAFE or by voting in person at either special meeting unless you provide a “legal proxy,” which you must obtain from your broker, bank or nominee. Further, brokers who hold shares of STAR common stock, STAR Series D preferred stock or SAFE common stock on behalf of their customers may not give a proxy to STAR or SAFE to vote those shares without specific instructions from their customers.

Q:

What will happen if I fail to instruct my broker, bank or nominee how to vote?

A:

STAR.   If you are a STAR stockholder and you do not instruct your broker, bank or nominee on how to vote your shares of STAR common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock, your broker may not vote your shares on any of the STAR proposals. Failure to instruct your broker, bank or nominee how to vote will have the same effect as a vote against the STAR merger proposal, but will have no effect on the STAR stock issuance proposal, the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal or the STAR adjournment proposal.

SAFE.   If you are a SAFE stockholder and you fail to instruct your broker, bank or nominee to vote your shares of SAFE common stock, your broker may not vote your shares on any of the SAFE proposals. Failure to instruct your broker, bank or nominee how to vote will have the same effect as a vote against the SAFE merger proposal, but will have no effect on the SAFE Caret amendment proposal or the SAFE adjournment proposal.

A broker non-vote occurs when a broker, bank or other nominee is not permitted to vote on a “non-routine” matter without instructions from the beneficial owner of the shares and the beneficial owner fails to provide the broker, bank or other nominee with such instructions. Broker non-votes only count toward a quorum if at least one proposal is presented with respect to which the broker, bank or other nominee has discretionary authority. It is expected that all proposals to be voted on at the STAR special meeting and the SAFE special meeting will be “non-routine” matters and, as such, broker non-votes, if any, will not be counted as present and entitled to vote for purposes of determining a quorum at either the STAR special meeting or the SAFE special meeting. If your broker, bank or nominee holds your shares of STAR common stock, STAR Series D preferred stock or SAFE common stock in “street name,” such entity will vote your shares only if you provide instructions on how to vote by complying with the voter instruction form sent to you by your broker, bank or other nominee with this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

Q:

What will happen if I fail to vote or I abstain from voting?

A:

STAR.   If you are a STAR stockholder and fail to vote or abstain from voting, it will have the same effect as a vote against the STAR merger proposal, but it will have no effect on the STAR stock issuance proposal, the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal or the STAR adjournment proposal. Abstentions will be considered present for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum.

SAFE.   If you are a SAFE stockholder and fail to vote or abstain from voting, it will have the same effect as a vote against the SAFE merger proposal, but it will have no effect on the SAFE Caret amendment proposal or the SAFE adjournment proposal. Abstentions will be considered present for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum.

Q:

What if I return my proxy card without indicating how to vote?

A:

If you sign and return your proxy card without indicating how to vote on any particular proposal, your shares of STAR common stock, STAR Series D preferred stock or SAFE common stock will be voted in accordance with the recommendation described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus of the STAR board of directors or SAFE board of directors, as applicable, with respect to such proposal.

Q:

Can I change my vote after I have returned a proxy or voting instruction card?

A:

Yes. You can change your vote at any time before your proxy is voted at your special meeting. You can do this in one of three ways:

•

you can send a signed notice of revocation;

8

•

you can grant a new, valid proxy bearing a later date; or

•

if you are a holder of record, you can attend your special meeting and personally vote at the meeting, which will automatically cancel any proxy previously given, or you may revoke your proxy in person, but your attendance alone will not revoke any proxy that you have previously given.

Attending the STAR special meeting or the SAFE special meeting without voting will not, by itself, revoke your proxy. If your shares of STAR common stock, STAR Series D preferred stock or SAFE common stock are held by a bank, broker or nominee, you should follow the instructions provided by the bank, broker or nominee.

If you choose either of the first two methods, you must submit your notice of revocation or your new proxy to the secretary of STAR or secretary of SAFE, as appropriate, no later than the beginning of the applicable special meeting. If your shares of STAR common stock, STAR Series D preferred stock or SAFE common stock are held in street name by your broker, bank or nominee, you should contact your broker, bank or nominee to change your vote.

Q:

What are the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger to U.S. holders of SAFE common stock?

A:

STAR and SAFE intend for the merger to be treated as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (which we refer to as the “Code”). The obligation of STAR to effect the merger is conditioned on STAR’s receipt of an opinion from Clifford Chance US LLP (or, if Clifford Chance US LLP is unable or unwilling to render such opinion, Kirkland & Ellis LLP or another nationally recognized counsel as may be reasonably acceptable to STAR), to the effect that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the merger will constitute a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. The obligation of SAFE to effect the merger is conditioned on SAFE’s receipt of an opinion from Kirkland & Ellis LLP (or, if Kirkland & Ellis LLP is unable or unwilling to render such opinion, Clifford Chance US LLP or another nationally recognized counsel as may be reasonably acceptable to SAFE), to the effect that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the merger will constitute a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. Subject to the qualifications and limitations set forth herein, a U.S. holder of SAFE common stock generally will not recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the receipt of shares of New SAFE common stock in exchange for SAFE common stock in the merger.

The particular consequences of the merger to each SAFE stockholder depend on such holder’s particular facts and circumstances. SAFE stockholders are urged to consult their tax advisors to understand fully the consequences to them of the merger in their specific circumstances. For more information, see “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger.”

Q:

What are the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the reverse split and the merger to holders of STAR common stock?

A:

Subject to the assumptions, qualifications and limitations set forth herein, a U.S. holder of STAR common stock will not recognize gain or loss upon the reverse split, except with respect to cash received in lieu of a fractional STAR share. A U.S. holder’s aggregate tax basis in the STAR common stock received pursuant to the reverse split will equal the aggregate tax basis of the STAR common stock surrendered (excluding any portion of such basis that is allocated to a fractional share of STAR common stock), and such U.S. holder’s holding period in the STAR common stock received will include the holding period in the STAR common stock surrendered. A U.S. holder of STAR common stock that receives cash in lieu of a fractional STAR share pursuant to the reverse split will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash received and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the STAR common stock surrendered that is allocated to such fractional STAR share. The Merger, which will occur immediately following the reverse split, will have no U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. holder of STAR common stock (other than a U.S. holder that receives New SAFE common stock pursuant to the merger agreement, as described in the section entitled “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences”). Non-U.S. holders of STAR common stock generally are not expected to recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in connection with either the reverse split or the merger.

9

Please review the information set forth in the section entitled “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” for a more complete description of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the reverse split and the merger to holders of STAR common stock. The tax consequences to you of the reverse split and the merger will depend on your particular facts and circumstances. Please consult your own tax advisors as to the specific tax consequences to you of the reverse split and the merger.

Q:

Are there any conditions to closing of the merger that must be satisfied for the merger to be completed?

A:

Yes. In addition to the approvals of the merger by the stockholders of each of STAR and SAFE as described herein, there are a number of conditions that must be satisfied or waived for the merger to be consummated. For more information, see “The Merger Agreement — Conditions to Completion of the Merger.”

Q:

When do you expect the merger to be completed?

A:

STAR and SAFE are working to complete the merger as promptly as reasonably practicable, and currently anticipate that closing will occur in the first half of 2023. However, the merger is subject to various conditions, and it is possible that factors outside the control of STAR and SAFE could result in the merger being completed at a later time, or not at all.

Q:

Are STAR and SAFE stockholders entitled to appraisal rights in connection with the merger?

A:

No. Holders of STAR common stock, STAR Series D preferred stock and SAFE common stock will not be entitled to appraisal rights or dissenters’ rights in the merger under Section 3-202 of the Maryland General Corporation Law (which we refer to as the “MGCL”). For more information, see “The Merger — No Appraisal or Dissenters’ Rights.”

Q:

What will happen if the SAFE stockholders vote to approve the SAFE Caret amendment proposal but the merger is not approved by stockholders of each of STAR and SAFE, or if the stockholders of each of STAR and SAFE vote to approve the merger, but the SAFE Caret amendment proposal is not approved by stockholders of SAFE?

A:

If the merger is not approved by stockholders of each of STAR and SAFE, the SAFE board of directors will nevertheless have discretion as to whether or not to implement the changes to the Caret program contemplated by the SAFE Caret amendment proposal. While the completion of the merger and spin-off and approval by SAFE stockholders of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal are conditions to the consummation of the MSD transactions, the SAFE board of directors will also have discretion to implement such changes if the SAFE Caret amendment proposal is not approved.

If the merger is approved by the stockholders of each of STAR and SAFE but the SAFE Caret amendment proposal is not approved by the stockholders of SAFE, MSD Partners will not be obligated to consummate the MSD transactions. If the MSD stock purchase does not occur for any reason, STAR will have to obtain $200 million from other sources in order to satisfy its obligations under the merger agreement to repay all of its outstanding senior unsecured notes substantially concurrently with completion of the merger.

Q:

Are there any conditions that must be satisfied for the SAFE Caret changes to be completed?

A:

No. However, because approval of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal by the stockholders of SAFE is a condition to the consummation of the MSD transactions, the MSD transactions may not be consummated if the SAFE Caret amendment is not approved.

Q:

What do I need to do now?

A:

Carefully read and consider the information contained in and incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus, including its annexes.

In order for your shares to be voted at the STAR special meeting or the SAFE special meeting:

•

you can attend the applicable special meeting and vote in person;

10

•

you can vote through the Internet or by telephone by following the instructions included on your proxy card; or

•

you can indicate on the enclosed proxy or voting instruction card how you would like to vote and return the card in the accompanying postage-paid envelope.

Q:

Do I need to do anything with my stock certificates now?

A:

STAR.If you are a holder of STAR common stock, you should not submit your STAR stock certificates at this time. After the reverse split is completed, if you held certificates representing STAR common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the reverse split, Computershare, the exchange agent for STAR (which we refer to as the “exchange agent”), will send you a letter of transmittal and instructions for exchanging your certificates representing STAR common stock. STAR will not issue stock certificates in respect of shares of STAR common stock, except as required by law. STAR stockholders who are entitled to receive new shares as a result of the reverse stock split will receive shares of STAR common stock in book-entry form.

If you are a holder of STAR Series D preferred stock, you should not submit your stock certificates at this time. After the merger is completed, if you held certificates representing STAR Series D preferred stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time, the exchange agent will send you a letter of transmittal and instructions for exchanging your certificates representing shares of STAR Series D preferred stock for the merger consideration of an amount in immediately available funds (or, if no wire instructions are provided, a check) equal to $25.00 per share of STAR Series D preferred stock plus the aggregate amount of all accrued and unpaid dividends on such shares of STAR Series D preferred stock as of the effective time.

SAFE.You should not submit your SAFE stock certificates at this time. After the merger is completed, if you held certificates representing SAFE common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time, the exchange agent will send you a letter of transmittal and instructions for exchanging your certificates representing SAFE common stock for the merger consideration of one (1) share of New SAFE common stock per share of SAFE common stock (which we refer to as the “common stock merger consideration”). Upon surrender of the certificates for cancellation along with the executed letter of transmittal and other required documents described in the instructions, SAFE stockholders will receive the common stock merger consideration.

Q:

Do I need to register in advance to attend the STAR or SAFE special meetings?

A:

If you are a registered stockholder (i.e., you hold your shares through the transfer agent of each of STAR and SAFE, Computershare), you do not need to register to attend the special meeting virtually on the Internet. Please follow the instructions on the notice or proxy card that you received. If you hold your shares through an intermediary, such as a bank or broker, you must register in advance to attend the special annual meeting virtually on the Internet.

To register to attend the special meeting online by webcast you must submit proof of your proxy power (legal proxy) reflecting your STAR or SAFE holdings along with your name and email address to Computershare. Requests for registration should be directed to:

Computershare
iStar Legal Proxy
P.O. Box 43001
Providence, RI 02940-3001 Computershare
Safehold Legal Proxy
P.O. Box 43001
Providence, RI 02940-3001

Requests for registration must be labeled as “Legal Proxy” and be received no later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time on [•].

You will receive a confirmation of your registration by email after we receive your registration materials.

Q:

Who can help answer my questions?

A:

STAR stockholders or SAFE stockholders who have questions about the merger or the other matters

11

to be voted on at the special meetings or who desire additional copies of this joint proxy statement/​prospectus or additional proxy cards should contact:

If you are a STAR stockholder:	If you are a SAFE stockholder:
Innisfree M&A Incorporated 501 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor New York, New York 10022 Shareholders may call toll free: (877) 825-8777 Banks and Brokers may call collect: (212) 750-5833	D.F. King & Co., Inc. 48 Wall Street, 22nd Floor New York, New York 10005 Stockholders may call toll free: (888) 887-0082 Banks and Brokers may call collect: (212) 269-5550 Email: SAFE@dfking.com

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SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. STAR and SAFE urge you to read carefully this joint proxy statement/prospectus, including the attached annexes, and the other documents to which we have referred you because this section does not provide all of the information that might be important to you with respect to the merger and the related matters being considered at the applicable special meeting. See also “Where You Can Find More Information.” We have included page references to direct you to a more complete description of the topics presented in this summary.

Information about the Companies

iStar Inc. (See page 50)

STAR finances, invests in and develops real estate and real estate related projects as part of its fully-integrated investment platform. STAR also manages entities focused on ground lease investments, including SAFE. STAR has invested over $40 billion over the past two decades and is structured as a real estate investment trust (which we refer to as a “REIT”), with a diversified portfolio focused on larger assets located in major metropolitan markets. In 2019, STAR announced that it intended to simplify its balance sheet, reduce its legacy assets and transition its business focus and resources primarily to its ground lease strategy.

The principal executive offices of STAR are located at 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor, New York, New York 10036, and its telephone number is (212) 930-9400. STAR common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (which we refer to as the “NYSE”), trading under the symbol “STAR.” Additional information about STAR and its subsidiaries is included in documents incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus and “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Safehold Inc. (See page 50)

SAFE is a publicly-traded company that operates its business through one reportable segment by acquiring, managing and capitalizing ground leases. SAFE believes that its business has characteristics comparable to a high-grade, fixed income investment business, but with certain unique advantages. Relative to alternative fixed income investments generally, SAFE’s ground leases typically benefit from built-in growth derived from contractual base rent increases (either at a specified percentage or consumer price index based, or both), and the opportunity to realize value from residual rights to take ownership of the buildings and other improvements on SAFE’s land at no additional cost to SAFE. SAFE believes that these features offer SAFE the opportunity to realize superior risk-adjusted total returns when compared to certain alternative highly-rated investments.

Ground leases generally represent the ownership of land underlying commercial real estate projects that is net leased on a long-term basis (base terms are typically 30 to 99 years, often with tenant renewal options) by the fee owner of the land (landlord) to the owners/operators of the real estate projects built thereon (“Ground Lease”), or what we refer to as a Safehold® ground lease. The property is generally leased on a triple net basis with the tenant generally responsible for taxes, maintenance and insurance as well as all operating costs and capital expenditures. Ground Leases typically provide that at the end of the lease term or upon tenant default and the termination of the Ground Lease upon such default, the land, building and all improvements revert to the landlord. SAFE has become the industry leader in Ground Leases by demonstrating the value of the product to real estate investors, owners, operators and developers and expanding their use throughout major metropolitan areas.

SAFE is managed by SFTY Manager, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of STAR, SAFE’s largest shareholder.

The principal executive offices of SAFE are located at 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor, New York, New York 10036, and its telephone number is (212) 930-9400. SAFE common stock is listed on the NYSE, trading under the symbol “SAFE.” Additional information about SAFE and its subsidiaries is included in documents incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus and “Where You Can Find More Information.”

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STAR Holdings (See page 50)

SpinCo was formed as a Maryland statutory trust and wholly owned subsidiary of STAR on October 7, 2022 for the purpose of effecting the spin-off. SpinCo will be externally managed by New SAFE following the merger. SpinCo is expected to be publicly traded following the spin-off. The principal executive offices of SpinCo will be located at 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor, New York, New York 10036, (212) 930-9400. (See page 50).

Risk Factors (See page 34)

Before voting at the STAR special meeting or the SAFE special meeting, you should carefully consider all of the information contained in or incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus, as well as the specific factors under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 34. If any of these risks actually occur, New SAFE’s, STAR’s or SAFE’s business, financial condition or results of operations may be materially adversely affected. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

•

the merger is subject to a number of conditions and may not be completed on the terms or timeline currently contemplated, or at all;

•

the merger exchange ratio is fixed and will not be adjusted in the event of any change in the stock prices of either STAR or SAFE;

•

STAR and SAFE may be unable to successfully integrate their businesses in order to realize the anticipated benefits of the merger;

•

STAR stockholders will be diluted by the merger;

•

STAR and SAFE expect to incur substantial costs in connection with the merger;

•

the spin-off may not deliver its intended results and could give rise to disputes or other unfavorable effects;

•

there are risks relating to the effects of the proposed SAFE Caret changes; and

•

New SAFE may incur adverse tax consequences if STAR or SAFE has failed or fails to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The Merger

The Merger Agreement (See page 109)

STAR and SAFE have entered into the merger agreement attached as Annex A to this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The STAR board of directors, based on the unanimous recommendation of the STAR special committee, and the SAFE board of directors, based on the unanimous recommendation of the SAFE special committee, have both approved the merger of STAR and SAFE. STAR and SAFE encourage you to read the entire merger agreement carefully because it is the principal legal document governing the merger.

Form of the Merger (See page 109)

Pursuant to the merger agreement, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement and in accordance with the MGCL, at the effective time of the merger, SAFE will be merged with and into STAR, with STAR continuing as the surviving corporation of the merger as New SAFE.

Based on September 30, 2022 stock prices and an assumed STAR share consolidation ratio of 0.138, we currently estimate that New SAFE will have approximately 63.6 million shares of New SAFE common stock outstanding upon completion of the merger, of which (x) approximately 36.4 million shares (or approximately 57.3%) will have been issued to holders of SAFE common stock (other than STAR) in the merger (including former stockholders of STAR who received an aggregate of approximately 6.63 million (or approximately 10.4% of the outstanding shares of New SAFE) shares of SAFE common stock in the STAR special distribution and continue to hold their SAFE shares at the effective time of the merger); (y) approximately 12.0 million shares (or approximately 18.9%) will have been issued to holders of STAR

14

common stock in the reverse split; and (z) approximately 15.1 million shares (or 23.8%) will have been contributed by STAR to SpinCo.

Consideration to SAFE Stockholders in the Merger (See page 109)

Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, (i) each share of SAFE common stock (other than any shares owned directly by STAR or any of the wholly-owned subsidiaries of STAR or SAFE and in each case not held on behalf of third parties) outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will be converted into the right to receive one (1) newly issued share of New SAFE common stock, after taking into account the reverse split (which we refer to as the “merger exchange ratio”); and (ii) by way of the reverse split, each share of STAR common stock will be converted into a number of shares of New SAFE common stock based on the STAR share consolidation ratio, which we currently estimate will be approximately 0.138. The merger exchange ratio is fixed and will not be adjusted for changes in the market value of STAR common stock or SAFE common stock. The STAR share consolidation ratio is not fixed and will be calculated primarily based on the number of shares of SAFE common stock held by STAR and the number of shares of STAR common stock outstanding as of the time of the reverse split, as discussed further in the next paragraph. Because of this, the implied value of the consideration to SAFE stockholders in the merger will fluctuate between now and the completion of the merger. For more information, see “Comparative Stock Prices and Dividends.”

The following table presents trading information for STAR common stock and SAFE common stock on August 10, 2022, the last trading day before public announcement of the merger following the closing of trading on that day, and November 30, 2022, the latest practicable date before the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The table also shows the equivalent implied value of a share of STAR common stock on each of the dates, which has been determined by multiplying the market price of a share of SAFE common stock on each of the dates by an estimated STAR share consolidation ratio of 0.138, which has been calculated based on: (i) the number of shares of STAR common stock outstanding and the number of shares of SAFE common stock owned by STAR as of September 30, 2022; (ii) the estimated number of shares of SAFE common stock required to be contributed by STAR to SpinCo and paid to settle iPIP liabilities; (iii) the sale of 5,405,406 shares of SAFE common stock in the MSD transactions; (iv) an upward adjustment of 1,195,034; (v) an estimated number of shares of SAFE common stock to be payable to STAR in respect of accrued but unpaid management fees as of the closing date; and (vi) the special distribution by STAR of approximately 6.63 million shares of SAFE common stock to holders of STAR common stock in a pro rata distribution paid on December 7, 2022. If the closing of the transaction occurs after March 31, 2023 and STAR has not raised certain additional cash proceeds from asset sales and other transactions, the upward adjustment amount of 1,195,034 will be reduced by 358,511, and if the closing of the transaction occurs after June 30, 2023, and STAR has not raised certain additional cash proceeds, the upward adjustment amount of 1,195,034 will be reduced to zero.

The implied per share value of STAR common stock presented below does not reflect: (i) the STAR special distribution of 0.07655 shares of SAFE common stock per share of STAR common stock paid on December 7, 2022 or (ii) the value of SpinCo common shares to be distributed to holders of STAR common stock in the spin-off.

​	STAR Common Stock (Close)(1)			SAFE Common Stock (Close)			Implied Per Share Value of STAR Common Stock in the Merger (Close)
August 10, 2022	​	$	17.08	​	$	43.45	​	$	5.99
November 30, 2022	​	$	8.03	​	$	29.52	​	$	4.07

(1)

The ex-dividend date for the STAR special distribution was November 30, 2022; accordingly, the closing price of STAR common stock on November 30, 2022 reflects the STAR special distribution, but the closing price on August 10, 2022 does not reflect the STAR special distribution.

The market prices of STAR common stock and SAFE common stock fluctuate. As a result, we urge you to obtain current market quotations of STAR common stock and SAFE common stock.

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Treatment of STAR Equity Awards in the Charter Amendment and SAFE Restricted Stock in the Merger (See page 110)

•

At the effective time of the filing of the amendment to STAR’s charter (which we refer to as the “charter amendment”) effecting the reverse stock split (which we refer to as the “charter amendment effective time”), upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement, each STAR restricted stock unit that is issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will be adjusted to correspond to a number of shares of STAR common stock (rounded to the nearest whole share) equal to the product obtained by multiplying (i) the number of shares of STAR common stock subject to such STAR restricted stock unit as of immediately prior to the charter amendment effective time by (ii) the STAR share consolidation ratio. Each unvested STAR restricted stock unit issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger shall become fully vested immediately prior to the effective time of the merger and shall be converted at the closing into the right to receive the number of shares of STAR common stock then subject to such STAR restricted stock unit.

•

At the effective time of the merger, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement, each SAFE restricted stock award that is outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will be assumed by STAR and will be converted into a STAR restricted stock award with respect to a number of shares of STAR common stock (rounded to the nearest whole share) equal to the number of shares of SAFE common stock subject to such SAFE restricted stock unit as of immediately prior to the effective time of the merger and shall continue to have and remain subject to the same terms and conditions as applied to such SAFE restricted stock unit as of immediately prior to the effective time of the merger.

The Spin-Off (See page 100)

Prior to the merger, STAR will consummate (1) the SpinCo reorganization and (2) the SpinCo distribution.

The completion of the spin-off is a condition to STAR’s and SAFE’s obligations to close the merger. Each of STAR and SAFE has agreed to cooperate in good faith and use their respective reasonable best efforts to effect the spin-off in accordance with the merger agreement and the separation and distribution agreement to be entered into between STAR and SpinCo at the time of the spin-off, substantially in the form of Annex B to this joint proxy statement/prospectus. STAR will contribute the assets and liabilities of STAR, other than those related to its ground lease business, to SpinCo in order to separate them from the ground lease business assets and liabilities being retained by New SAFE. STAR will also contribute at least $400.0 million of shares of SAFE common stock owned by STAR and at least $50.0 million of cash to SpinCo. STAR expects that the spin-off will occur shortly before or the same day as the closing date.

SpinCo intends to enter into a margin loan in a principal amount of up to $140.0 million with a commercial lender in connection with the spin-off. SpinCo will distribute or pay the proceeds of the margin loan to STAR, and STAR will use the proceeds to repay indebtedness.

In connection with the spin-off, STAR and SpinCo will enter into a management agreement (which we refer to as the “SpinCo management agreement”) under which STAR (or New SAFE after the merger) will manage SpinCo. At the time of the merger, New SAFE will enter into a term loan (which we refer to as the “SpinCo term loan facility”), a governance agreement and a registration rights agreement with SpinCo. For additional information on these agreements and the other terms of the spin-off, see “The Spin-Off” and “Certain Agreements Related to the Transactions.”

The MSD Transactions (See page 105)

STAR entered into a stock purchase agreement, dated as of August 10, 2022, with MSD Partners, L.P. (which we refer to as “MSD Partners”), to which SAFE is also a party, pursuant to which MSD Partners has agreed to purchase 5,405,406 shares of SAFE common stock from STAR for an aggregate purchase price of $200.0 million, or $37.00 per share, payable in cash. We refer to this transaction as the “MSD stock purchase.” SAFE and Caret Ventures entered into a subscription agreement, dated as of August 10, 2022, with MSD Partners pursuant to which MSD Partners has subscribed to purchase 100,000 Caret units for an

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aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million, payable in cash. We refer to this transaction as the “MSD Caret unit purchase,” and together with the MSD stock purchase as the “MSD transactions.” The closings of the MSD stock purchase and the MSD Caret unit purchase are conditioned on each other and will take place immediately prior to, and on the same date as the closing of the merger, subject to the satisfaction of certain other closing conditions. The closing of the MSD Caret unit purchase is subject to the approval of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal at the SAFE special meeting. If the SAFE Caret amendment proposal is not approved at the SAFE special meeting, MSD Partners will have the right to terminate both the MSD Caret unit purchase and the MSD stock purchase. In addition, if the merger agreement is terminated for any reason, the MSD stock purchase agreement and the MSD Caret unit subscription agreement will also terminate. If the MSD stock purchase does not occur for any reason, STAR will have to obtain $200 million from other sources in order to satisfy its obligations under the merger agreement to repay all of its outstanding senior unsecured notes substantially concurrently with completion of the merger. The stock purchase agreement governing the MSD stock purchase (which we refer to as the “MSD stock purchase agreement”) and the subscription agreement for the Caret unit purchase (which we refer to as the “MSD Caret unit subscription agreement”) are included as Annex C and Annex D, respectively to this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

The SAFE Caret Amendment Proposal (See page 148)

In order to improve the recognition of the value of unrealized capital appreciation in SAFE’s ground lease portfolio, simplify the overall structure of SAFE’s Caret program and better position SAFE to make potential future sales of Caret units to investors in either private or public offerings, the SAFE board of directors, together with financial and legal advisors, has been evaluating potential modifications to the terms of the Caret program.

In connection with the MSD Caret unit purchase, which is conditioned on the completion of the merger, MSD Partners negotiated for certain revisions to the Caret program related to its rights as a minority investor in Caret units, including many revisions consistent with those independently considered by the SAFE board of directors in order to improve the marketability of the program. The adoption of these revisions, and their approval by SAFE’s stockholders, are a condition to the closing of the MSD Caret unit purchase. Therefore, SAFE stockholders are asked to approve the changes described under the heading “SAFE Proposal 2: The SAFE Caret Amendment Proposal” to the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, which reflect the result of the negotiation with MSD Partners and which have been recommended by the SAFE board of directors. Although the MSD Caret unit purchase is also conditioned on the completion of the merger, the SAFE board of directors will nevertheless have discretion to implement the changes described herein even if the merger is not completed.

As of September 30, 2022, 9,531,627 of the 10,000,000 currently authorized Caret units are issued and outstanding. As of September 30, 2022, SAFE held 8,000,000 Caret units, representing 83.93% of the then-outstanding Caret units and 80.00% of the then-authorized Caret units.

The STAR Special Meeting (See page 135)

The STAR special meeting will be held at [•] a.m., Eastern Time, on [•] in a virtual format. You may vote at the STAR special meeting if you owned shares of STAR common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock at the close of business on [•], the record date for the STAR special meeting. On the record date for the STAR special meeting, there were [•] shares of STAR common stock and [•] shares of STAR Series D preferred stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the STAR special meeting. You may cast one vote for each share of STAR common stock and 0.25 votes for each share of STAR Series D preferred stock that you owned on that date. The STAR common stock and the STAR Series D preferred stock will vote together as one class on all matters presented at the STAR special meeting.

At the STAR special meeting, STAR stockholders will be asked to consider and vote upon:

•

the STAR merger proposal;

•

the STAR stock issuance proposal;

•

the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal; and

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•

the STAR adjournment proposal, if necessary or appropriate.

The approval of each of the STAR merger proposal and the STAR stock issuance proposal is a condition to the completion of the merger. If the STAR merger proposal or the STAR stock issuance proposal is not approved and the condition in the merger agreement is not waived, the merger and related transactions will not be completed.

The STAR merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock entitled to cast votes on the proposal, voting together as a single class, assuming a quorum is present. Each of the STAR stock issuance proposal, the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal and the STAR adjournment proposal requires the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the votes cast by holders of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock, voting together as a single class, assuming a quorum is present. If a quorum is not present, the chair of the STAR special meeting may adjourn the meeting.

As of the record date for the STAR special meeting, approximately [•]% of the outstanding shares of STAR common stock and [•]% of the outstanding shares of STAR Series D preferred stock were held by STAR directors and executive officers and their affiliates. STAR currently expects that the STAR directors and executive officers will vote their shares in favor of all of the proposals set forth above, although none has entered into any agreements obligating them to do so.

The STAR board of directors, based on the unanimous recommendation of the STAR special committee, recommends that STAR stockholders vote “FOR” all of the proposals set forth above. For more information, see “The STAR Special Meeting.”

The SAFE Special Meeting (See page 143)

The SAFE special meeting will be held at [•] a.m. Eastern Time, on [•] in a virtual format. You may vote at the SAFE special meeting if you owned SAFE common stock at the close of business on [•], 2023, the record date for the SAFE special meeting. On the record date for the SAFE special meeting, there were [•] shares of SAFE common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the SAFE special meeting. Each share of SAFE common stock is entitled to cast one vote on all matters that come before the SAFE special meeting.

At the SAFE special meeting, stockholders of SAFE will be asked to consider and vote upon:

•

the SAFE merger proposal;

•

the SAFE Caret amendment proposal; and

•

the SAFE adjournment proposal, if necessary or appropriate.

The approval of the SAFE merger proposal is a condition to the completion of the merger. If the SAFE merger proposal is not approved, the merger and related transactions will not be completed.

The approval of the SAFE merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock entitled to vote thereon, assuming a quorum is present.

The approval of each of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal and the SAFE adjournment proposal requires the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes cast by the holders of outstanding shares of SAFE common stock, assuming a quorum is present. If a quorum is not present, the chair of the SAFE special meeting may adjourn the meeting.

As of the record date for the SAFE special meeting, approximately [•]% of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock was held by SAFE directors and executive officers and their affiliates. SAFE currently expects that the directors and executive officers of SAFE will vote their shares in favor of the SAFE merger proposal, the SAFE Caret amendment proposal and the SAFE adjournment proposal, although, other than STAR, none has entered into any agreements obligating them to do so. STAR, which has the power to vote approximately 41.9% of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock as of the date of the merger agreement, has agreed to vote in favor of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the SAFE merger proposal, the SAFE Caret amendment proposal and the SAFE adjournment

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proposal, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the voting agreement. For more information, see “Certain Agreements Related to the Transactions — Voting Agreement.”

The SAFE board of directors unanimously recommends that SAFE stockholders vote “FOR” all of the proposals set forth above. For more information, see “The SAFE Special Meeting.”

Recommendations of the STAR Board of Directors (See page 135)

After careful consideration, the STAR board of directors, on August 10, 2022, upon the unanimous recommendation of the STAR special committee, approved the merger agreement and declared the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger, to be advisable and in the best interests of STAR.

The STAR board of directors recommends that the STAR stockholders vote “FOR” the STAR merger proposal, “FOR” the STAR stock issuance proposal, “FOR” the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal and “FOR” the STAR adjournment proposal.

For the factors considered by the STAR board of directors and the STAR special committee in reaching their respective decisions to approve the merger agreement and make the foregoing recommendations, see “The Merger — STAR’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the STAR Board of Directors.”

Recommendations of the SAFE Board of Directors (See page 143)

After careful consideration, the SAFE board of directors, on August 10, 2022, upon the unanimous recommendation of the SAFE special committee, approved the merger agreement and declared the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger, to be advisable and in the best interests of SAFE and its stockholders. In addition, after careful consideration, the SAFE board of directors, on August 10, 2022, approved the MSD Caret unit subscription agreement and declared the MSD Caret unit subscription agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the MSD Caret unit purchase and the changes to SAFE’s Caret program (which we refer to as the “SAFE Caret changes”), to be advisable and in the best interests of SAFE.

The SAFE board of directors recommends that the SAFE stockholders vote “FOR” the SAFE merger proposal, “FOR” the SAFE Caret amendment proposal and “FOR” the SAFE adjournment proposal.

For the factors considered by the SAFE board of directors and the SAFE special committee in reaching their respective decisions to approve the merger agreement and make the foregoing recommendations, see “The Merger — SAFE’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the SAFE Board of Directors.”

Opinion of the STAR Special Committee’s Financial Advisor, Lazard Frères & Co. LLC (See page 70)

The STAR special committee retained Lazard Frères & Co. LLC, which we refer to as “Lazard,” to act as its financial advisor in connection with the merger, the spin-off and certain related transactions. In connection with this engagement, the STAR special committee requested that Lazard evaluate the fairness, from a financial point of view, to holders of STAR common stock (other than holders of excluded shares) of the shares of STAR common stock to be received by such holders by way of the reverse split and the common shares of SpinCo to be received by such holders in the spin-off (such shares of STAR common stock and common shares of SpinCo, together, the “transaction consideration”).

On August 10, 2022, at a meeting of the STAR special committee, Lazard rendered to the STAR special committee an oral opinion, which was confirmed by delivery of a written opinion dated August 10, 2022, to the effect that, as of that date and based on and subject to the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and qualifications and limitations on the review undertaken described in such opinion, the transaction consideration to be received by holders of STAR common stock (other than holders of excluded shares) was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders.

The full text of Lazard’s written opinion, dated August 10, 2022, which describes the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered, and qualifications and limitations on the review undertaken, is attached as Annex E and is incorporated by reference in this document. The summary of the written

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opinion of Lazard, dated August 10, 2022, set forth in this proxy statement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of Lazard’s opinion. Lazard’s opinion was for the benefit of the STAR special committee (in its capacity as such) and Lazard’s opinion was rendered to the STAR special committee in connection with its evaluation of the merger, the spin-off and related transactions identified in Lazard’s opinion and did not address any terms or other aspects (other than the transaction consideration to the extent expressly specified in Lazard’s opinion) of such transactions. Lazard’s opinion did not address the relative merits of such related transactions compared to any other transaction or business strategy in which STAR might engage or the merits of the underlying decision by STAR to engage in such transactions. Lazard’s opinion is not intended to and does not constitute a recommendation to any stockholder as to how such stockholder should vote or act with respect to the merger or other transactions or any matter relating thereto. For a description of the opinion that the STAR special committee received from Lazard, see the section entitled “Opinion of STAR’s Financial Advisor, Lazard” beginning on page 70.

Opinion of the SAFE Special Committee’s Financial Advisor, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (See page 82)

Pursuant to an engagement letter, SAFE retained J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (which we refer to as “J.P. Morgan”) as financial advisor to the SAFE special committee in connection with the spin-off, the issuance of the SpinCo term loan facility, the reverse split, the par value change and the merger (which we refer to as the “SAFE transactions”).

At the meeting of the SAFE special committee on August 10, 2022, J.P. Morgan rendered its oral opinion to the SAFE special committee that, as of such date and based upon and subject to the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken by J.P. Morgan in preparing its opinion, the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock in the SAFE transactions was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders. J.P. Morgan confirmed its August 10, 2022 oral opinion by delivering its written opinion, dated as of August 10, 2022, to the SAFE special committee that, as of such date, and based upon and subject to the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken by J.P. Morgan in preparing its opinion, the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock in the SAFE transactions was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders.

The full text of the written opinion of J.P. Morgan, dated as of August 10, 2022, which sets forth, among other things, the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken by J.P. Morgan in preparing its opinion, is attached as Annex F to this joint proxy statement/prospectus and is incorporated herein by reference. The summary of the opinion of J.P. Morgan set forth in this joint proxy statement/prospectus is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of such opinion. Holders of SAFE common stock are urged to read the opinion in its entirety. J.P. Morgan’s opinion was addressed to the SAFE special committee (in its capacity as such) in connection with and for the purposes of its evaluation of the SAFE transactions, was directed only to the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock in the SAFE transactions and did not address any other aspect of the SAFE transactions. J.P. Morgan expressed no opinion as to the fairness of any consideration to be paid in connection with the SAFE transactions to the holders of any other class of securities, creditors or other constituencies of SAFE, or as to the underlying decision by SAFE to engage in the SAFE transactions. The issuance of J.P. Morgan’s opinion was approved by a fairness committee of J.P. Morgan. The opinion does not constitute a recommendation to any shareholder of SAFE as to how such shareholder should vote with respect to the SAFE transactions or any other matter. For a description of the opinion that the SAFE special committee received from J.P. Morgan, see the section entitled “Opinion of SAFE’s Financial Advisor, J.P. Morgan” beginning on page 82.

Interests of STAR’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger (See page 91)

In considering the recommendation of the STAR special committee and the STAR board of directors, STAR stockholders should be aware that certain of STAR’s directors and executive officers have interests in the merger that may be different from, or in addition to, those of STAR’s stockholders generally. These interests may present such executive officers and directors with actual or potential conflicts of interest. These interests include, but are not limited to, the fact that certain directors of STAR serve as directors of SAFE, the continued service of certain directors of STAR as directors of New SAFE and SpinCo, the

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continued employment of the executive officers of STAR by New SAFE following the merger and new equity incentive awards to be granted to them in connection with their post-merger employment, the treatment in the merger of STAR’s iPIP plans and other equity awards, and provisions in the merger agreement regarding continued indemnification of and advancement of expenses to STAR directors and officers. The members of the STAR special committee and the STAR board of directors were aware of and considered these interests relating to STAR, among other matters, in evaluating the merger agreement and the merger, and in recommending that STAR stockholders approve the STAR merger proposal and the STAR stock issuance proposal. For more information, see the section entitled “The Merger — Interests of STAR’s Directors and Officers in the Merger beginning on page 91.

Interests of SAFE’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger (See page 96)

In considering the recommendation of the SAFE special committee and board of directors, SAFE stockholders should be aware that certain of SAFE’s directors and executive officers have interests in the merger that may be different from, or in addition to, those of SAFE’s stockholders generally. These interests may present such executive officers and directors with actual or potential conflicts of interest. These interests include, but are not limited to, the fact that certain directors of SAFE serve as directors of STAR, the continued service of certain directors of SAFE as directors of New SAFE, the continued employment of the executive officers of STAR by New SAFE following the merger and new equity incentive awards to be granted to them in connection with their post-merger employment and provisions in the merger agreement regarding continued indemnification of and advancement of expenses to SAFE directors and officers. The members of the SAFE special committee and the SAFE board of directors were aware of these interests and considered them, among others, in their authorization, approval and adoption of the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated thereby and their recommendation that SAFE’s stockholders approve the SAFE merger proposal agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby. For more information, see the section entitled “The Merger — Interests of SAFE’s Directors and Officers in the Merger beginning on page 96.

Ownership of New SAFE After the Transactions (See page 168)

See “Share Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management/Directors of STAR” beginning on page 168 and “Share Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management/Directors of SAFE” beginning on page 170 for information about the beneficial ownership of STAR and SAFE before the effective time of the merger and New SAFE following the effective time of the merger.

Directors and Officers of New SAFE After the Transactions (See page 98)

The merger agreement provides that, from and after the effective time of the merger, and until such time their successors have been duly elected and qualify or until their earlier death, resignation or removal in accordance with New SAFE’s organizational documents, the directors of New SAFE shall consist of a total of seven directors, three of whom will be designated by STAR and four of whom will be designated by SAFE.

In addition, the merger agreement provides that, from and after the effective time of the merger, and until such time their successors have been duly appointed and qualified or until their earlier death, resignation or removal in accordance with New SAFE’s organizational documents, the officers of STAR as immediately prior to the effective time will be the officers of New SAFE.

Accounting Treatment (See page 98)

STAR and SAFE prepare their financial statements, respectively, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (which we refer to as “GAAP”). The merger will be accounted for by applying the acquisition method of accounting, with SAFE treated as the acquirer. For more information, see “The Merger — Accounting Treatment.”

Regulatory Approvals (See page 98)

In connection with the issuance of STAR common stock in the merger, pursuant to the merger agreement, as a condition to the closing of the merger, STAR must file a registration statement with the

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U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (which we refer to as the “SEC”) under the Securities Act, of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part, and the Form 10, in each case, that is declared effective by the SEC and not be the subject of any stop order or proceedings seeking a stop order.

Expected Timing of the Merger (See page 110)

STAR and SAFE are working to complete the merger as promptly as reasonably practicable, and currently anticipate that the closing will occur in the first half of 2023. However, the merger is subject to various conditions, and it is possible that factors outside the control of both companies could result in the merger being completed at a later time, or not at all. For more information, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Merger.”

Conditions to Completion of the Merger (See page 118)

As more fully described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus and in the merger agreement, the completion of the merger depends on a number of conditions being satisfied or, where legally permissible, waived. These conditions include:

•

receipt of the requisite approvals of STAR stockholders and SAFE stockholders;

•

the SpinCo reorganization and the SpinCo distribution shall have been consummated;

•

the approval of listing of STAR common stock to be issued in the merger shall have been approved on the NYSE, and the SpinCo common shares being distributed in connection with the SpinCo distribution shall have been approved for listing on SpinCo’s designated exchange;

•

the SEC having declared effective the Form 10 and the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part, and the Form 10 and the registration statement not being the subject of any stop order or proceedings seeking a stop order;

•

the absence of any temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other legal restraint, prohibition or binding order of any court or other governmental entity of competent jurisdiction that prevents the consummation of the charter amendment, the par value charter amendment or the merger;

•

the accuracy of all representations and warranties made by the parties in the merger agreement and performance by the parties of their obligations in the merger agreement (subject in most cases to materiality or material adverse effect qualifications), and receipt of an officer’s certificate from each party attesting thereto;

•

STAR having generated a certain amount of minimum proceeds in cash, which it intends to do using cash on hand, proceeds from asset sales and proceeds from the MSD stock purchase;

•

the receipt by each of STAR and SAFE of an opinion of counsel to the effect that the merger will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code; and

•

the receipt by each of STAR and SAFE of an opinion of counsel regarding such party’s qualification as a REIT.

We cannot be certain when, or if, the conditions to the merger will be satisfied or waived, or that the merger will be completed.

No Solicitation (See page 121)

STAR and SAFE are each subject to a customary “no-shop” provision that requires them to refrain from, and to cease discussions or solicitations with respect to, alternative transactions and subjects them to certain restrictions in considering and negotiating alternative transactions. If either of the parties receives a superior proposal (as defined in “The Merger Agreement — No Solicitation”) or an acquisition proposal (as defined in “The Merger Agreement — No Solicitation”) that is reasonably likely to result in a superior proposal, the receiving party may, subject to specified conditions and requirements, provide nonpublic information to the proposing party and engage in discussions or negotiations with the party making such a

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proposal. Each party shall promptly notify the other party of any proposal for an alternative transaction within 48 hours and provide the other party with a copy of such proposal.

In response to a superior proposal, the board of directors of the party receiving such a superior proposal may, subject to specified conditions and requirements, acting on the recommendation of the special committee of that board of directors, change its recommendation with respect to such party’s stockholder vote, and such party may terminate the merger agreement in order to accept such proposal. Prior to effecting such change or terminating the merger agreement, the board of directors of the party receiving the superior proposal must provide the other party with notice, reasons for such action and five business days of good-faith negotiations to counter such proposal.

Termination of the Merger Agreement (See page 123)

The merger agreement may be terminated prior to the effective time of the merger, whether before or after the required approvals of the STAR stockholders and SAFE stockholders are obtained:

•

by mutual written consent of STAR and SAFE;

•

by either STAR or SAFE, if the merger is not consummated by September 30, 2023;

•

by either STAR or SAFE, if a court or other governmental entity issues a final and nonappealable order prohibiting the merger;

•

by either STAR or SAFE, if the required approvals of either the STAR stockholders or the SAFE stockholders are not obtained;

•

by either STAR or SAFE, if there is a breach of the representations or covenants of the other party that would result in the failure of the related closing condition to be satisfied, subject to a cure period; provided that SAFE shall not be deemed to have breached any representation or warranty set forth in the merger agreement to the extent STAR or any subsidiary of STAR (including SFTY Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (which we refer to as the “SpinCo manager”)) has knowledge of such breach as of August 10, 2022 and SAFE shall not be deemed to have breached any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement set forth in the agreement to the extent the principle course of such breach resulted from any action or failure to take any action of STAR or any subsidiary of STAR other than at the express direction of the STAR special committee;

•

by STAR, if the SAFE board of directors changes its recommendation in favor of the approval of the SAFE merger proposal;

•

by SAFE, if the STAR board of directors changes its recommendation regarding the approval of the STAR merger proposal;

•

by STAR, to enter into a superior proposal, subject to compliance with specified terms of the merger agreement, including payment of a termination fee described below; and

•

by SAFE, to enter into a superior proposal, subject to compliance with specified terms of the merger agreement, including payment of a termination fee described below.

Fees and Expenses (See pages 123 and 124)

Other than as provided below, whether or not the merger, charter amendment, the par value charter amendment, the SpinCo reorganization, the SpinCo distribution and/or the STAR stock issuance are consummated, all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the merger agreement, the separation and distribution agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby will be paid by the party incurring such expense. Any expenses incurred by STAR in connection with the merger agreement, the separation and distribution agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby shall not constitute “Expenses” ​(as such term is defined under the management agreement) reimbursable to the SpinCo manager by SAFE pursuant to the management agreement.

No Appraisal or Dissenters’ Rights (See page 99)

Under Section 3-202 of the MGCL, holders of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock do not have the right to receive the appraised value of their shares in connection with the merger.

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Under Section 3-202 of the MGCL, holders of SAFE common stock do not have the right to receive the appraised value of their shares in connection with the merger.

Specific Performance; Remedies (See page 126)

STAR and SAFE agreed that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of the merger agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby were not performed in accordance with their specific terms on a timely basis or were otherwise breached and that, in addition to any other remedy to which each party would be entitled at law or in equity, each party will be entitled to an injunction or other equitable relief to prevent breaches of the merger agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions the merger agreement in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland (or if such court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division). In addition, each of the parties has further consented to the assignment of any action or proceeding in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland to the Business and Technology Case Management Program pursuant to Maryland Rule 16-308 (or any successor thereto).

Certain Agreements Related to the Transactions

Voting Agreement with STAR (See page 127)

Concurrently with the execution of the merger agreement, SAFE entered into a voting agreement with STAR, which, after giving effect to the STAR special distribution paid on December 7, 2022, beneficially owns approximately 33.9 million shares of SAFE common stock, representing approximately 54.3% of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock. The voting agreement generally requires STAR (i) not to transfer the shares of SAFE common stock beneficially owned by STAR, subject to certain exceptions and (ii) to vote the shares of SAFE common stock representing 41.9% of the issued and outstanding SAFE common stock at such time (which we refer to as the “covered securities”) in favor of (a) approval of the merger and any other matters set forth in this Joint Proxy Statement to be voted upon by holders of SAFE common stock (including the SAFE Caret amendment proposal) and (b) any proposal to adjourn or postpone the SAFE special meeting to a later date if there are not sufficient votes to approve the merger and against any acquisition proposals, alternative acquisition agreements (as such terms are respectively defined in “The Merger Agreement — No Solicitation”) or any of the transactions contemplated thereby. The voting agreement also requires that STAR vote the covered securities against (i) any action or agreement that could reasonably be expected to result in any condition to the consummation of the merger not being fulfilled or (ii) any action that could reasonably be expected to materially delay, materially postpone or materially adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger, and any action which could reasonably be expected to result in a material breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement of STAR in the merger agreement. In accordance with the terms of the existing stockholders’ agreement between SAFE and STAR, the remainder of the SAFE common stock owned by STAR will be voted in the same manner and proportion as the votes cast by the remaining shareholders of SAFE.

SpinCo Management Agreement (See page 128)

In connection with the spin-off, SpinCo will enter into the SpinCo management agreement with the SpinCo manager, which will act as SpinCo’s external manager. Pursuant to the SpinCo management agreement, the SpinCo manager will provide SpinCo with management services and support. The SpinCo management agreement requires the SpinCo manager to manage SpinCo’s assets and SpinCo’s and its subsidiaries’ day-to-day operations in accordance with the management agreement and subject to the supervision of SpinCo’s board of trustees.

SpinCo will pay the SpinCo manager fixed cash management fees of $25.0 million, $15.0 million, $10.0 million and $5.0 million, respectively, in each of the initial four annual terms of the management agreement and 2.0% of the gross book value of SpinCo’s assets excluding shares of SAFE common stock for each annual term thereafter, and will reimburse the SpinCo manager for third party expenses incurred in connection with its services. The management agreement has an initial one year term and may be terminated

24

without cause, subject to notice and the payment of a termination fee. See “The Spin-Off — The SpinCo Management Agreement” on page 128 for more information.

Governance Agreement (See page 130)

Following the SpinCo Distribution and effective upon the effective time, New SAFE will enter into the governance agreement with SpinCo, in order to establish various arrangements and restrictions with respect to the governance of SpinCo, and certain rights and restrictions with respect to shares of New SAFE common stock owned by SpinCo, after the effective time of the merger.

Pursuant to the terms of the governance agreement, SpinCo and its subsidiaries are subject to restrictions on the transfer of any New SAFE common stock held by SpinCo for nine months following the closing date. Furthermore, SpinCo and its subsidiaries are prohibited from transferring at any time any shares of New SAFE common stock held by SpinCo or its subsidiaries to any person who is known by SpinCo or its subsidiaries to be an “Activist” or “Company Competitor” ​(as such terms are defined in the governance agreement), or to any group that, to the knowledge of SpinCo or its subsidiaries, includes as “Activist” or “Company Competitor,” without first obtaining New SAFE’s prior written consent.

In addition, pursuant to the governance agreement, SpinCo and its affiliates will be subject to certain standstill restrictions until the earliest to occur of (a) the termination of the management agreement; (b) the date on which both (i) SpinCo ceases to beneficially own at least 7.5% of the New SAFE common stock outstanding and (ii) SpinCo is no longer managed by New SAFE or affiliates of New SAFE; or (c) a “change of control” ​(as such term is defined in the governance agreement) (together, the “restrictive period”).

The standstill restrictions will limit SpinCo’s and its affiliates’ purchases of additional New SAFE common stock in excess of the ownership threshold then applicable to SpinCo. The standstill restrictions will also restrict SpinCo’s and its affiliates’ ability to, among other things, propose a merger or other acquisition transaction relating to all or part of New SAFE, call a special meeting of the stockholders, submit any stockholder proposal, participate in a group for such actions, enter into any voting trust or other agreement with respect to the voting of New SAFE common stock, or seek a change in the composition of New SAFE’s board of directors (including seeking representation on the board).

In addition, during the restrictive period, SpinCo and its subsidiaries will vote all shares of New SAFE common stock owned by them (a) in favor all persons nominated to serve as directors of New SAFE by the board of directors of New SAFE or its nominating and corporate governance committee, (b) against any stockholder proposal that is not recommended by New SAFE and (c) in accordance with the recommendations of the board of directors of New SAFE on all other proposals brought before the stockholders of New SAFE.

Registration Rights Agreement (See page 131)

In connection with the consummation of the merger, New SAFE will enter into a registration rights agreement (the “registration rights agreement”) with SpinCo, pursuant to which New SAFE will be required to file within seven months following the consummation of the merger a shelf registration statement covering the Registrable Shares (as defined in the registration rights agreement) owned by SpinCo (and its permitted assigns) and keep such shelf registration statement effective so long as SpinCo (and its permitted assigns) own Registrable Shares. In addition, SpinCo (and its permitted assigns) will be able to cause New SAFE to undertake one demand registration (including pursuant to an underwritten take down). The registration rights agreement will also grant SpinCo certain customary piggyback registration rights.

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger (See page 132)

STAR and SAFE intend for the merger to be treated as a “reorganization” for U.S. federal income tax purposes within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. The obligation of STAR to effect the merger is conditioned on STAR’s receipt of an opinion from Clifford Chance US LLP (or, if Clifford Chance US LLP is unable or unwilling to render such opinion, Kirkland & Ellis LLP or another nationally recognized counsel as may be reasonably acceptable to STAR), to the effect that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the merger will constitute a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. The obligation

25

of SAFE to effect the merger is conditioned on SAFE’s receipt of an opinion from Kirkland & Ellis LLP (or, if Kirkland & Ellis LLP is unable or unwilling to render such opinion, Clifford Chance US LLP or another nationally recognized counsel as may be reasonably acceptable to SAFE), to the effect that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the merger will constitute a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. Subject to the qualifications and limitations set forth herein, a U.S. holder of SAFE common stock generally will not recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the receipt of shares of New SAFE common stock in exchange for SAFE common stock in the merger.

You should read “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger” for a more complete discussion of the U.S. federal income tax considerations relevant to the merger. The tax consequences of the merger to you will depend on your particular facts and circumstances. You are urged to consult your tax advisor to determine the particular tax consequences of the merger to you.

Comparison of Rights of STAR Stockholders and SAFE Stockholders (See page 172)

The rights of SAFE stockholders will be substantially similar to the rights of STAR stockholders, as New SAFE will be governed by a charter and bylaws which are substantially similar to SAFE’s pre-merger charter and bylaws. However, there will be certain differences. See “Comparison of Rights of STAR Stockholders and New SAFE Stockholders.”

26

SUMMARY HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA OF STAR

The following tables set forth summary consolidated financial information for STAR as of and for each of the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, and as of and for each of the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

The summary consolidated financial information for STAR as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was derived from STAR’s consolidated financial statements contained in STAR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022, as amended on August 22, 2022, which is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

The summary consolidated financial information for STAR as of September 30, 2022 and for each of the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was derived from STAR’s unaudited consolidated financial statements contained in STAR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on November 4, 2022, which is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

The following information should be read together with the consolidated financial statements of STAR, the notes related thereto, and the related reports of management on the financial condition and performance of STAR, all of which are contained in the reports of STAR filed with the SEC and incorporated herein by reference. For more information, see “Where You Can Find More Information.”

​

Nine Months Ended September 30,

For the Years Ended December 31,

(In thousands, except per share data)

2022

2021

2021

2020

2019

Summary Consolidated Statements of Operations:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Revenues:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Operating lease income

​

$

9,715

​

$

13,456

​

$

16,824

​

$

24,276

​

$

32,294

Interest income

​

​

11,262

​

​

24,846

​

​

31,229

​

​

56,676

​

​

75,636

Interest income from sales-type leases

​

​

861

​

​

683

​

​

1,215

​

​

—

​

​

—

Other income

​

​

51,545

​

​

60,950

​

​

70,259

​

​

78,445

​

​

46,180

Land development revenue

​

​

54,390

​

​

157,936

​

​

189,103

​

​

164,702

​

​

119,595

Total revenues

​

​

127,773

​

​

257,871

​

​

308,630

​

​

324,099

​

​

273,705

Costs and expenses:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Interest expense

​

​

76,056

​

​

86,145

​

​

115,400

​

​

126,828

​

​

141,699

Real estate expense

​

​

39,337

​

​

33,404

​

​

45,994

​

​

46,083

​

​

67,837

Land development cost of sales

​

​

55,369

​

​

147,507

​

​

171,961

​

​

177,727

​

​

109,663

Depreciation and amortization

​

​

3,985

​

​

5,715

​

​

7,072

​

​

7,327

​

​

7,176

General and administrative

​

​

10,406

​

​

68,954

​

​

131,703

​

​

100,879

​

​

98,609

Provision for (recovery of) loan losses

​

​

22,556

​

​

(7,411)

​

​

(8,085)

​

​

8,866

​

​

6,482

Provision for losses on net investment in leases

​

​

—

​

​

465

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

Impairment of assets

​

​

1,768

​

​

679

​

​

678

​

​

5,791

​

​

10,948

Other expense

​

​

6,624

​

​

1,358

​

​

8,114

​

​

569

​

​

13,120

Total costs and expenses

​

​

216,101

​

​

336,816

​

​

472,837

​

​

474,070

​

​

455,534

Income from sales of real estate

​

​

1,443

​

​

26,319

​

​

26,319

​

​

6,318

​

​

11,969

Loss from operations before other items

​

​

(86,885)

​

​

(52,626)

​

​

(137,888)

​

​

(143,653)

​

​

(169,860)

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

​

​

(131,200)

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

(12,038)

​

​

(27,724)

Earnings from equity method investments

​

​

102,222

​

​

110,661

​

​

154,344

​

​

39,472

​

​

42,378

Net income (loss) before income taxes

​

​

(115,863)

​

​

58,035

​

​

16,456

​

​

(116,219)

​

​

(155,206)

Income tax benefit (expense)

​

​

(567)

​

​

117

​

​

118

​

​

(89)

​

​

(369)

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

​

​

(116,430)

​

​

58,152

​

​

16,574

​

​

(116,308)

​

​

(155,575)

27

​

Nine Months Ended September 30,

For the Years Ended December 31,

(In thousands, except per share data)

2022

2021

2021

2020

2019

Net income from discontinued operations

​

​

797,688

​

​

69,415

​

​

121,452

​

​

85,455

​

​

489,900

Net income (loss)

​

​

681,258

​

​

127,567

​

​

138,026

​

​

(30,853)

​

​

334,325

Net (income) loss from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests

​

​

(46)

​

​

55

​

​

75

​

​

(337)

​

​

447

Net (income) from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests

​

​

(179,089)

​

​

(8,092)

​

​

(5,620)

​

​

(11,251)

​

​

(10,730)

Net income (loss) attributable to iStar Inc.

​

​

502,123

​

​

119,530

​

​

132,481

​

​

(42,441)

​

​

324,042

Preferred dividends

​

​

(17,622)

​

​

(17,622)

​

​

(23,496)

​

​

(23,496)

​

​

(32,495)

Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders

​

$

484,501

​

$

101,908

​

$

108,985

​

$

(65,937)

​

$

291,547

Per common share data:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Net income (loss) allocable to common Shareholders:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Basic

​

$

6.16

​

$

1.40

​

$

1.51

​

$

(0.87)

​

$

4.51

Diluted

​

$

6.16

​

$

1.30

​

$

1.51

​

$

(0.87)

​

$

4.51

Net income (loss) from continuing operations and allocable to common shareholders:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Basic

​

$

(1.70)

​

$

0.56

​

$

(0.10)

​

$

(1.85)

​

$

(2.90)

Diluted

​

$

(1.70)

​

$

0.52

​

$

(0.10)

​

$

(1.85)

​

$

(2.90)

Net income from discontinued operations and allocable to common shareholders:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Basic

​

$

7.86

​

$

0.84

​

$

1.61

​

$

0.98

​

$

7.41

Diluted

​

$

7.86

​

$

0.78

​

$

1.61

​

$

0.98

​

$

7.41

Weighted average number of common shares:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Basic

​

​

78,706

​

​

72,675

​

​

71,831

​

​

75,684

​

​

64,696

Diluted

​

​

78,706

​

​

78,402

​

​

71,831

​

​

75,684

​

​

64,696

​	As of September 30, 2022			As of December 31,
(In thousands)				2021			2020
Summary Consolidated Balance Sheets:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Total real estate	​	$	90,427	​	$	92,451	​	$	197,590
Real estate and other assets available and held for sale and classified as discontinued operations(1)	​	​	11,925	​	​	2,299,711	​	​	2,228,570
Cash and cash equivalents	​	​	1,335,722	​	​	339,601	​	​	98,633
Total assets	​	​	3,522,132	​	​	4,840,534	​	​	4,861,808
Total liabilities	​	​	1,824,502	​	​	3,777,328	​	​	3,797,425
Total iStar Inc. shareholders’ equity	​	​	1,680,319	​	​	851,296	​	​	870,969
Noncontrolling interests	​	​	17,311	​	​	211,910	​	​	193,414

(1)

Refer to Note 3 — Net Lease Sale and Discontinued Operations in the notes to the financial statements included in STAR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022 and STAR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

28

​

Nine Months Ended September 30,

For the Years Ended December 31,

(In thousands)

2022

2021

2021

2020

2019

Summary Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities

​

$

15,373

​

(4,741)

​

$

(20,327)

​

$

21,886

​

$

(45,625)

Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities

​

​

2,706,633

​

373,722

​

​

514,016

​

​

31,179

​

​

(398,096)

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities

​

​

(1,774,805)

​

(164,620)

​

​

(250,135)

​

​

(254,978)

​

​

(178,629)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

​

​

(100)

​

(126)

​

​

(124)

​

​

273

​

​

12

29

SUMMARY HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA OF SAFE

The following tables set forth summary consolidated financial information for SAFE as of and for each of the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, and as of and for each of the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

The summary consolidated financial information for SAFE as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was derived from SAFE’s consolidated financial statements contained in SAFE’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on February 15, 2022, which is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/​prospectus.

The summary consolidated financial information for SAFE as of September 30, 2022 and for each of the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was derived from SAFE’s unaudited consolidated financial statements contained in SAFE’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on November 2, 2022, which is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

The following information should be read together with the consolidated financial statements of SAFE, the notes related thereto, and the related reports of management on the financial condition and performance of SAFE, all of which are contained in the reports of SAFE filed with the SEC and incorporated herein by reference. For more information, see “Where You Can Find More Information.”

​

Nine Months Ended September 30,

For the Years Ended December 31,

(In thousands, except per share data)

2022

2021

2021

2020

2019

Summary Consolidated Statements of Operations:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Revenues:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Interest income from sales-type leases(1)

​

$

146,014

​

$

83,244

​

$

118,824

​

$

81,844

​

$

18,531

Operating lease income

​

​

49,925

​

​

51,367

​

​

67,667

​

​

72,340

​

​

72,071

Other income

​

​

1,004

​

​

390

​

​

523

​

​

1,243

​

​

2,794

Total revenues

​

​

196,943

​

​

135,001

​

​

187,014

​

​

155,427

​

​

93,396

Costs and expenses:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Interest expense

​

​

91,050

​

​

57,259

​

​

79,707

​

​

64,354

​

​

29,868

Real estate expense

​

​

2,272

​

​

2,038

​

​

2,663

​

​

2,480

​

​

2,673

Depreciation and amortization

​

​

7,215

​

​

7,160

​

​

9,562

​

​

9,433

​

​

9,379

General and administrative

​

​

29,203

​

​

21,388

​

​

28,753

​

​

22,733

​

​

14,435

Other expense

​

​

6,777

​

​

740

​

​

868

​

​

243

​

​

899

Total costs and expenses

​

​

136,517

​

​

88,585

​

​

121,553

​

​

99,243

​

​

57,254

Gain on sales of Net Investment in Leases

​

​

55,811

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

Income from operations before other items

​

​

116,237

​

​

46,416

​

​

65,461

​

​

56,184

​

​

36,142

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

​

​

—

​

​

(216)

​

​

(216)

​

​

—

​

​

(2,011)

Earnings (losses) from equity method investments

​

​

6,772

​

​

4,012

​

​

6,279

​

​

3,304

​

​

(403)

Selling profit from sales-type leases

​

​

—

​

​

1,833

​

​

1,833

​

​

—

​

​

—

Net income

​

​

123,009

​

​

52,045

​

​

73,357

​

​

59,488

​

​

33,728

Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests

​

​

(8,723)

​

​

(201)

​

​

(234)

​

​

(194)

​

​

(6,035)

Net (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests

​

​

(658)

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

Net income attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders

​

$

113,628

​

$

51,844

​

$

73,123

​

$

59,294

​

$

27,693

30

​

Nine Months Ended September 30,

For the Years Ended December 31,

(In thousands, except per share data)

2022

2021

2021

2020

2019

Per common share data:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Net income

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Basic and diluted

​

$

1.87

​

$

0.97

​

$

1.35

​

$

1.17

​

$

0.89

Weighted average number of common shares:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Basic

​

​

60,776

​

​

53,347

​

​

54,167

​

​

50,688

​

​

31,008

Diluted

​

​

60,776

​

​

53,359

​

​

54,180

​

​

50,697

​

​

31,008

(1)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 and the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, SAFE recorded $2.1 million, $6.2 million, $8.4 million, $8.2 million and $5.0 million, respectively, of “Interest income from sales-type leases” in its consolidated statements of operations from its ground leases with STAR.

​	As of September 30, 2022			As of December 31,
(In thousands)				2021			2020
Summary Consolidated Balance Sheets:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Total real estate, net and real estate-related intangible assets, net	​	$	927,576	​	$	936,810	​	$	972,272
Net investment in sales-type leases	​	​	3,066,113	​	​	2,412,716	​	​	1,305,519
Ground Lease receivables	​	​	1,326,632	​	​	796,252	​	​	577,457
Cash and cash equivalents	​	​	35,574	​	​	29,619	​	​	56,948
Total assets	​	​	5,791,874	​	​	4,515,726	​	​	3,208,970
Total liabilities	​	​	3,646,367	​	​	2,830,524	​	​	1,827,667
Total Safehold Inc. shareholders’ equity	​	​	2,113,832	​	​	1,682,278	​	​	1,379,123
Noncontrolling interests	​	​	12,017	​	​	2,924	​	​	2,180

​

Nine Months Ended September 30,

For the Years Ended December 31,

(In thousands)

2022

2021

2021

2020

2019

Summary Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities

​

$

52,147

​

$

12,947

​

$

26,917

​

$

35,711

​

$

(1,963)

Cash flows used in investing activities

​

​

(1,047,610)

​

​

(607,298)

​

​

(1,287,991)

​

​

(530,641)

​

​

(1,520,775)

Cash flow provided by financing activities

​

​

1,050,522

​

​

545,585

​

​

1,203,123

​

​

544,615

​

​

1,545,095

31

SUMMARY UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet presented below assumes the merger and related transactions occurred on September 30, 2022. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations presented below assumes the merger and related transactions occurred on January 1, 2021.

The following summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements were prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X, using the assumptions set forth in the notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements contained elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/​prospectus under the heading “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements”. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements are presented for illustrative purposes only and do not purport to reflect the results we may achieve in future periods or the historical results that would have been obtained had the merger and related transactions been completed on the dates indicated above. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements also do not give effect to the potential impact of current financial conditions, any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies or cost savings that may result from the transactions described above. In addition, future results may vary significantly from those reflected in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements due to factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” section, beginning on page 34.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements are derived from and should be read in conjunction with:

•

the more detailed unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements, including the notes thereto, contained elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus;

•

the consolidated financial statements of STAR and accompanying notes thereto included in STAR’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as amended by Form 10-K/A, and quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022, incorporated herein by reference;

•

the consolidated financial statements of SAFE and accompanying notes thereto included in SAFE’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022, incorporated herein by reference; and

•

other information relating to STAR and SAFE contained in or incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus. For more information, see “Summary Historical Financial Data of STAR, “Summary Historical Financial Data of SAFE” and “Where You Can Find More Information.” In management’s opinion, all adjustments necessary to reflect the merger, the issuance of shares of New SAFE’s common stock in the merger and the cash out of STAR preferred stock in the merger have been made to present the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements fairly, in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is presented to illustrate (i) adjustments to STAR’s historical financial position and results of operations for the planned spin-off of the non-ground lease businesses into a separate public company and other pre-merger transactions; and (ii) acquisition accounting adjustments for the merger and other ancillary adjustments in connection with the merger, including an adjustment to reflect SAFE as the accounting acquirer in the business combination with STAR.

32

New SAFE Summary Unaudited Pro Forma
Condensed Combined Balance Sheet
as of September 30, 2022

As of September 30, 2022	​	​
ASSETS	​	​
Net investment in leases	$	3,066,408
Ground Lease receivables	​	1,326,632
Total real estate, net and real estate-related intangible assets, net	​	928,558
Other investments	​	264,790
Total assets	​	6,208,397
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	​	​
Debt obligations, net	​	3,754,193
Total liabilities	​	3,966,354
Total shareholders’ equity	​	2,186,625
Noncontrolling interests	​	35,760
Total equity	​	2,222,385
Total liabilities and equity	​	6,208,397

New SAFE Summary Unaudited Pro Forma
Condensed Combined Statements of Operations for the
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and the Year Ended December 31, 2021

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022	​	​
Interest income from sales-type leases	$	146,950
Operating lease income	​	49,925
Total revenues	​	220,990
Interest expense	​	111,016
Total costs and expenses	​	155,695
Net loss allocable to common shareholders	​	(5,790)
Loss per share	​	(0.09)
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted	​	61,971

For the Year Ended December 31, 2021	​	​
Interest income from sales-type leases	$	121,746
Operating lease income	​	67,667
Total revenues	​	223,961
Interest expense	​	123,563
Total costs and expenses	​	289,097
Net loss allocable to common shareholders(1)	​	(85,219)
Loss per share	​	(1.54)
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted	​	55,362

(1)

Net loss allocable to common shareholders includes a $51.2 million loss on the distribution of SAFE common stock in the form of a dividend to STAR shareholders, $7.3 million of costs in connection with the acceleration of awards under iStar’s long-term incentive program and iPIP programs, a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $131.2 million and $32.2 million of transaction fees, all of which are nonrecurring in nature.

33

RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information included and incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/​prospectus, including the matters addressed in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” you should carefully consider the following risks before deciding how to vote. In addition, you should read and consider the risks associated with the business of SAFE because these risks will also affect New SAFE, as the combined company, following completion of the transactions. These risks can be found in SAFE’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, which is filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus. You should also read and consider the other information in this joint proxy statement/prospectus and the other documents incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus. For more information, see “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Risks Relating to the Merger

The merger may not be completed on the terms or timeline currently contemplated, or at all.

The completion of the merger is subject to certain conditions, including: (i) the approval of SAFE’s stockholders, (ii) the approval of STAR’s stockholders, (iii) completion of the spin-off, (iv) the approval of the shares of New SAFE common stock to be issued in the merger for listing on the NYSE, (v) the effectiveness of the registration statement on Form S-4 registering the New SAFE common stock to be issued in the merger, (vi) the absence of any temporary restraining order, injunction or other order of any court of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the reverse stock split or the merger, (vii) generation of certain cash proceeds, (viii) the receipt of certain tax opinions by STAR and SAFE that the merger will qualify as a reorganization under the Internal Revenue Code and that STAR and SAFE each qualifies as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, (ix) the accuracy of certain representations and warranties of STAR and SAFE contained in the merger agreement and the compliance by the parties with the covenants contained in the merger agreement (subject to customary materiality qualifiers), and (x) certain other conditions specified in the merger agreement. Neither STAR nor SAFE can provide assurances that the merger will be consummated on the terms or timeline currently contemplated, or at all.

Neither the final STAR share consolidation ratio nor the exact percentage or value of the shares of New SAFE common stock that the SAFE stockholders and the STAR stockholders will hold after the merger will be known at the times of the special meetings.

In the merger and related transactions, each issued and outstanding share of STAR common stock will, by means of a reverse stock split, be combined into a fraction of a share of STAR common stock represented by the STAR share consolidation ratio, which is equal to (i)(a) the number of shares of SAFE common stock held by STAR and its wholly-owned subsidiaries as of immediately prior to the reverse split (after giving effect to (w) the spin-off, (x) the STAR special distribution, (y) any sales or other distributions by STAR of shares of SAFE common stock that occur prior to the reverse split, including distributions in respect of STAR’s performance incentive program known as “iPIP” and (z) the MSD transaction), plus (b) 1,195,034 (representing $50 million of shares based on the volume-weighted average price of the SAFE common stock during the 10-day period ended August 9, 2022), plus (c) the number of shares of SAFE common stock payable in respect of accrued but unpaid management fees owing to STAR, divided by (ii) the aggregate number of issued and outstanding shares of STAR common stock as of immediately prior to the reverse split.

Based on (i) the number of shares of STAR common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2022, (ii) our current estimate of the number of shares of SAFE common stock that will be owned by STAR as of the closing date, after giving effect to the adjustments described in the immediately preceding paragraph, and (iii) the approximate respective trading prices of $26.46 per share of SAFE common stock, as of September 30, 2022, and $7.07 per share of STAR common stock adjusted for the STAR special distribution, as of September 30, 2022, we currently estimate the STAR share consolidation ratio will be approximately 0.138. By virtue of the merger, each share of SAFE common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time will be converted into the right to receive a fixed number of one share of New SAFE common stock.

34

The final STAR share consolidation ratio is subject to change based on a number of factors and may be higher or lower than 0.138. Items that could cause a change in the final STAR share consolidation ratio include, without limitation, any of the following that may occur prior to the closing of the merger: sales or other distributions by STAR of shares of SAFE common stock owned by STAR; increases or decreases in the price of SAFE common stock which, among other things, will affect the number of shares of SAFE common stock that STAR will be required to distribute to participants in its iPIP programs and that will serve as collateral for a margin loan financing related to the spin-off, as discussed further below; the receipt of lower prices than anticipated for legacy asset sales, delays in the anticipated timing of legacy asset sales and/or insufficient sales of legacy assets, which could necessitate STAR having to sell SAFE shares in order to raise additional cash proceeds to satisfy its liabilities; and delays in the timing of closing of the merger, which could also necessitate STAR having to raise additional cash from sales of SAFE shares to compensate for cash used to fund operating activities.

As discussed in the preceding paragraph, changes in the market price of SAFE common stock will impact the number of shares of SAFE common stock that STAR will own at the time of the reverse split, which in turn will affect the final STAR share consolidation ratio. The final STAR share consolidation ratio is relevant to the relative ownership percentages of former holders of STAR common stock, as a group, and former holders of SAFE common stock, as a group, of the New SAFE common stock immediately after giving effect to the merger. The exact value of the shares of New SAFE common stock that the SAFE stockholders and STAR stockholders will hold after the merger will not be known at the time of the SAFE special meeting and the STAR special meeting and may be greater than, the same as or less than the prices at the time of the special meetings. Stock price changes may result from a variety of factors (many of which are beyond the control of STAR and SAFE), including the following factors:

•

changes in the businesses, operations, assets, liabilities and prospects of either company or both companies;

•

changes in market assessments of the business, operations, financial position and prospects of either company or both companies;

•

market assessments of the benefits of the merger and the likelihood that the merger will be completed;

•

interest rates, general market and economic conditions and other factors generally affecting the price of STAR common stock and SAFE common stock;

•

federal, state and local legislation, governmental regulation and legal developments in the businesses in which STAR and/or SAFE operate; and

•

other factors beyond the control of STAR or SAFE, including those described under this “Risk Factors” heading.

STAR stockholders may be diluted by the merger.

Based on an assumed STAR share consolidation ratio of 0.138, we currently estimate that New SAFE will have approximately 63.6 million shares of New SAFE common stock outstanding upon completion of the merger, of which (x) approximately 36.4 million shares (or approximately 57.3%) will have been issued to holders of SAFE common stock (other than STAR) in the merger (including former stockholders of STAR who received an aggregate of approximately 6.63 million (or approximately 10.4% of the outstanding shares of New SAFE) shares of SAFE common stock in the STAR special distribution and continue to hold their SAFE shares at the effective time of the merger); (y) approximately 12.0 million shares (or approximately 18.9%) will have been issued to holders of STAR common stock in the reverse split; and (z) approximately 15.1 million shares (or approximately 23.8%) will have been contributed by STAR to SpinCo.

Failure to complete the merger could adversely affect the stock prices and the future business and financial results of STAR and SAFE.

If the merger is not completed, the ongoing businesses of STAR or SAFE may be adversely affected and STAR and SAFE will be subject to numerous risks, including the following:

•

upon termination of the merger agreement under specified circumstances, a termination fee of $63 million may be payable by either STAR or SAFE;

35

•

each of STAR and SAFE having to pay substantial costs relating to the merger, such as legal, accounting, financial advisor, filing, printing and mailing fees and integration preparation costs that have already been incurred or will continue to be incurred until the closing of the merger;

•

the management of each of STAR and SAFE focusing on the merger instead of on pursuing other opportunities that could be beneficial to the companies, in each case, without realizing any of the benefits of having the merger completed; and

•

reputational harm due to the adverse perception of any failure to successfully complete the merger.

If the merger is not completed, neither STAR nor SAFE can assure their respective stockholders that these risks will not materialize or will not materially affect the business, financial results and stock prices of either STAR or SAFE.

The merger agreement contains provisions that could discourage a potential competing acquirer of either STAR or SAFE or could result in any competing proposal being at a lower price than it might otherwise be.

The merger agreement contains provisions that, subject to limited exceptions, restrict the ability of each of STAR and SAFE to, directly or indirectly, initiate, solicit, propose, knowingly encourage or facilitate competing third-party proposals to effect, among other things, a merger, reorganization, share exchange, consolidation or the sale of 15% or more of the stock or consolidated net revenues, net income or total assets of STAR or SAFE. In addition, either STAR or SAFE generally has an opportunity to offer to modify the terms of the merger agreement in response to any competing “superior proposal” ​(as defined in “The Merger Agreement — No Solicitation”) that may be made to the other party before the board of directors of STAR or SAFE (acting upon the recommendation of the applicable special committee), as the case may be, may withdraw or modify its recommendation in response to such superior proposal or terminate the merger agreement to enter into such superior proposal. In some circumstances, one of the parties will be required to pay a termination fee of $63 million to the other party. For more information, see “The Merger Agreement — Termination of the Merger Agreement.”

These provisions could discourage a potential competing acquirer that might have an interest in acquiring all or a significant part of STAR or SAFE from considering or proposing such an acquisition, even if it were prepared to pay consideration with a higher per share cash or market value than that market value proposed to be received or realized in the merger, or might result in a potential competing acquirer proposing to pay a lower price than it might otherwise have proposed to pay because of the added expense of the termination fee that may become payable in certain circumstances under the merger agreement. In addition, STAR’s significant ownership interest and voting power in SAFE could discourage a potential competing acquirer for SAFE.

The pendency of the merger could adversely affect the business and operations of STAR and SAFE.

In connection with the pending merger, some tenants, vendors or other counterparties of each of STAR and SAFE may delay or defer decisions, which could adversely affect the revenues, earnings, funds from operations, cash flows and expenses of STAR and SAFE, regardless of whether the merger is completed. Similarly, current and prospective employees of STAR and SAFE may experience uncertainty about their future roles with New SAFE following the merger, which may materially adversely affect the ability of STAR and SAFE to attract and retain key personnel during the pendency of the merger. In addition, due to interim operating covenants in the merger agreement, each of STAR and SAFE may be unable (without the other party’s prior written consent), during the pendency of the merger, to pursue strategic transactions, undertake significant capital projects, undertake certain significant financing transactions and otherwise pursue other actions, even if such actions would prove beneficial.

SAFE and STAR directors and officers have interests in the merger that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of SAFE stockholders and STAR stockholders.

In considering the recommendation of the SAFE special committee and board of directors, SAFE stockholders should be aware that certain of SAFE’s directors and executive officers have interests in the merger that may be different from, or in addition to, those of SAFE’s stockholders generally. These interests

36

may present such executive officers and directors with actual or potential conflicts of interest. These interests include, but are not limited to, the continued service of certain directors of SAFE as directors of New SAFE, the compensation to be paid to the executive officers and employees of New SAFE following the merger and provisions in the merger agreement regarding continued indemnification of and advancement of expenses to SAFE directors and officers. The members of the SAFE special committee and the SAFE board of directors were aware of these interests and considered them, among others, in their authorization, approval and adoption of the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated thereby and their recommendation that SAFE’s stockholders approve the SAFE merger proposal and the transactions contemplated thereby. See “The Merger — Background of the Merger,” “The Merger — SAFE’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the SAFE Board of Directors” and “The Merger — Interests of SAFE’s Directors and Officers in the Merger” for further discussion of these matters.

In considering the recommendation of the STAR special committee and board of directors, STAR stockholders should be aware that certain of STAR’s directors and executive officers have interests in the merger that may be different from, or in addition to, those of STAR’s stockholders generally. These interests may present such executive officers and directors with actual or potential conflicts of interest. These interests include, but are not limited to, the continued service of certain directors of STAR as directors of New SAFE and SpinCo, the continued employment of the executive officers of STAR by New SAFE following the merger, the treatment in the merger of STAR’s iPIP plans and other equity awards, the New SAFE restricted stock units and Caret units to be issued to the executive officers and employees of New SAFE following the merger and provisions in the merger agreement regarding continued indemnification of and advancement of expenses to STAR directors and officers. The members of the STAR special committee and the STAR board of directors were aware of and considered these interests relating to STAR, among other matters, in evaluating the merger agreement and the merger, and in recommending that STAR stockholders approve the STAR merger proposal and the STAR stock issuance proposal. See “The Merger — Background of the Merger,” “The Merger — STAR’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the STAR Board of Directors” and “The Merger — Interests of STAR’s Directors and Officers in the Merger” for further discussion of these matters.

STAR is a significant stockholder in SAFE and is also SAFE’s manager and has interests that may be different from, or in addition to, SAFE’s other stockholders.

STAR is a significant stockholder in SAFE and is also SAFE’s manager. STAR has interests that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of SAFE’s other stockholders. Given STAR’s significant ownership in SAFE, STAR’s role as manager of SAFE and STAR’s obligations under the voting agreement, STAR has significant influence on the SAFE merger proposal.

The STAR share consolidation ratio will be reduced if the merger has not occurred, and STAR has not raised certain additional cash proceeds, by March 31, 2023.

The merger agreement provides that the upward adjustment amount of 1,195,034 will be reduced if the merger has not occurred and STAR has not raised certain Additional Cash Proceeds, as defined under the merger agreement, by March 31, 2023, and may be eliminated entirely thereafter. If STAR has not raised at least $198.0 million of such additional cash proceeds by March 31, 2023, the upward adjustment amount will be reduced by 358,511, and if STAR has not raised at least $223.0 million of such additional cash proceeds by June 30, 2023, the upward adjustment will be reduced to zero. There can be no assurance that STAR will be able to achieve these milestones, and therefore, the STAR share consolidation ratio may be lower than currently anticipated.

SAFE will have the option to internalize STAR’s management if the merger has not occurred by the outside date under the merger agreement.

If the merger agreement is terminated because the merger has not occurred by September 30, 2023, SAFE will have the option under certain circumstances to internalize STAR’s management, which may adversely affect STAR. If SAFE exercises its option under the merger agreement to internalize management, it must pay STAR $100.0 million in shares of SAFE common stock, which is less than the $150.0 million of consideration that was allocated to the termination of the existing management agreement in the

37

negotiations of the merger. If SAFE exercises this option, STAR would become externally-managed by SAFE pursuant to a management agreement that SAFE and STAR have agreed to negotiate in good faith. These changes in STAR’s management structure may adversely affect STAR and the market value of its securities.

Risks Relating to the Spin-Off

The spin-off may not deliver its intended results.

There are several risks and uncertainties related to the spin-off, including but not limited to:

•

whether STAR will be able to effect the separation and distribution agreement;

•

whether SpinCo may be able to meet its obligations to New SAFE and others following the spin-off;

•

whether there could be legal or other challenges to the spin-off, including changes in legal, regulatory, market and other circumstances that could lead to the spin-off not being pursued;

•

the fact that SpinCo will be a significant stockholder of New SAFE common stock and sales of New SAFE common stock by SpinCo could adversely affect the market price of New SAFE common stock; and

•

the fact that certain cash flows payable by SpinCo to New SAFE may be affected by SpinCo’s performance, including amounts payable under the senior secured term loan and management fees payable under the management agreement with SpinCo, and any adverse impact on SpinCo’s performance may adversely affect SpinCo’s ability to pay amounts due to New SAFE.

Any one or more of these risks and uncertainties, or any other complexity or aspect of the spin-off or its implementation, may cause the spin-off to fail or prevent the spin-off from being able to be completed. If the spin-off is not completed, the merger may fail to close.

The spin-off could distract management time and attention and give rise to disputes or other unfavorable effects, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations.

New SAFE will be SpinCo’s external manager and its duties under the management agreement could distract the time and attention of New SAFE’s management away from New SAFE. In addition, the spin-off may lead to increased operating and other expenses, of both a nonrecurring and a recurring nature, and to changes to certain operations. Disputes with third parties could also arise out of these transactions. These potential management distractions increased expenses, changes to operations, disputes with third parties, or other effects could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations.

The spin-off may expose us to potential liabilities arising out of state and federal fraudulent conveyance laws.

If New SAFE files for insolvency or bankruptcy within certain timeframes following the spin-off, a court could deem the spin-off or certain internal restructuring transactions undertaken by STAR in connection therewith to be a fraudulent conveyance or transfer. Fraudulent conveyances or transfers are defined to include transfers made or obligations incurred with the actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud current or future creditors or transfers made or obligations incurred for less than reasonably equivalent value when the debtor was insolvent, or that rendered the debtor insolvent, inadequately capitalized or unable to pay its debts as they become due. In such circumstances, a court could void the transactions or impose substantial liabilities upon us, which could adversely affect our financial condition and our results of operations. Whether a transaction is a fraudulent conveyance or transfer will vary depending upon the jurisdiction whose law is being applied.

The agreements between STAR and SpinCo to be entered into in connection with the spin-off may not reflect terms that would have resulted from arm’s-length negotiations with unaffiliated third parties.

The agreements related to the spin-off, including the separation and distribution agreement, the management agreement, the governance agreement and the registration rights agreement were negotiated

38

prior to the consummation of the spin-off. As a result, although those agreements are intended to reflect arm’s-length terms, they may not reflect terms that would have resulted from arm’s-length negotiations between unaffiliated third parties.

Risks Relating to New SAFE after Completion of the Transactions

New SAFE expects to incur substantial expenses related to the transactions.

New SAFE expects to incur substantial expenses in completing the transactions. While STAR and SAFE have assumed that a certain level of transaction and internalization expenses would be incurred, there are a number of factors beyond their control that could affect the total amount or the timing of their expenses. Following the merger, New SAFE may be unable to realize the anticipated synergies and related benefits of the merger or do so within the anticipated time frame.

New SAFE will be required to devote significant management attention and resources to managing the combined company as a single, internalized enterprise and ensuring that New SAFE is fulfilling its obligations under the SpinCo management agreement. Potential difficulties New SAFE may encounter include the following:

•

the inability to successfully combine the businesses of STAR and SAFE in a manner that permits New SAFE to achieve the future cost savings anticipated to result from the merger, which would result in some anticipated benefits of the merger not being realized in the time frame currently anticipated, or at all;

•

the failure by New SAFE to retain key employees for its business and the management of SpinCo’s assets;

•

potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen increased expenses, delays or regulatory conditions associated with the merger and spin-off; and

•

performance shortfalls as a result of the diversion of management’s attention caused by completing the merger and spin-off and managing SpinCo after the effective time of the merger.

For all these reasons, you should be aware that it is possible that New SAFE may be adversely affected by the business and financial results of distractions of New SAFE’s management, the disruption of New SAFE’s ongoing business and/or unanticipated costs and expenses or the failure to realize anticipated future cost savings.

Following the merger, New SAFE may be unable to retain key employees.

The success of New SAFE after the merger will depend in part upon its ability to retain key STAR employees.

Key employees may depart either before or after the merger because of issues relating to the uncertainty and difficulty of integration or a desire not to remain with New SAFE following the merger. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that STAR, SAFE or, following the merger, New SAFE will be able to retain key employees to the same extent as in the past.

The future operating results of New SAFE will suffer if New SAFE does not effectively manage its operations following the merger.

Following the merger, New SAFE may continue to expand its operations through additional acquisitions, development opportunities and other strategic transactions, some of which involve complex challenges. The future success of New SAFE will depend, in part, upon the ability of New SAFE to manage its expansion opportunities, which may pose substantial challenges for New SAFE to integrate new operations into its existing business in an efficient and timely manner, and to successfully monitor its operations, costs, regulatory compliance and service quality, and to maintain other necessary internal controls. New SAFE cannot assure you that its expansion or acquisition opportunities will be successful, or that it will realize its expected operating efficiencies, cost savings, revenue enhancements, synergies or other benefits.

39

The trading price of shares of New SAFE common stock following the merger may be affected by factors different from those affecting the price of shares of STAR common stock or SAFE common stock before the merger.

The results of operations of New SAFE and the trading price of New SAFE common stock after the merger may be affected by factors different from those currently affecting STAR’s or SAFE’s results of operations and the trading prices of STAR common stock and SAFE common stock. For example, some institutional investors which currently own both STAR and SAFE common stock may elect to decrease their ownership in the merged company by selling New SAFE common stock.

Accordingly, the historical trading prices and financial results of STAR and SAFE may not be indicative of these matters for New SAFE after the merger.

The historical and unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus may not be representative of New SAFE’s results after the consummation of the transactions.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus has been presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the financial position or results of operations that actually would have occurred had the merger and related transactions been completed as of the dates indicated, nor is it indicative of the future operating results or financial position of New SAFE after the consummation of the transactions. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information reflects adjustments, which are based upon preliminary estimates, to allocate the purchase price to STAR’s assets and liabilities. The purchase price allocation reflected in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus is preliminary, and the final allocation of the purchase price will be based upon the actual purchase price and the fair value of the assets and liabilities of STAR as of the date of the completion of the merger. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not reflect future events that may occur after the merger, including the costs related to the planned integration of the two companies and any future nonrecurring charges resulting from the merger, and does not consider potential impacts of current market conditions on revenues or expense efficiencies. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information presented elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/​prospectus is based in part on certain assumptions regarding the transactions that STAR and SAFE believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Neither STAR nor SAFE can assure you that the assumptions will prove to be accurate over time.

Following the merger, New SAFE will have a substantial amount of indebtedness and may need to incur more in the future.

SAFE has substantial indebtedness and, in connection with the merger, New SAFE will assume all of SAFE’s indebtedness in addition to retaining $100.0 million of STAR’s trust preferred securities. New SAFE’s substantial indebtedness could have adverse consequences on New SAFE’s business following the merger, such as:

•

requiring New SAFE to use a substantial portion of its cash flow from operations to service its indebtedness, which would reduce the available cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, development projects, and other general corporate purposes and reduce cash for distributions;

•

limiting New SAFE’s ability to obtain additional financing to fund New SAFE’s working capital needs, acquisitions, capital expenditures, or other debt service requirements or for other purposes;

•

increasing the costs to New SAFE of incurring additional debt;

•

increasing New SAFE’s exposure to floating interest rates;

•

limiting New SAFE’s ability to compete with other companies that are not as highly leveraged, as New SAFE may be less capable of responding to adverse economic and industry conditions;

•

restricting New SAFE from making strategic acquisitions, developing properties, or exploiting business opportunities;

40

•

restricting the way in which New SAFE conducts its business because of financial and operating covenants in the agreements governing New SAFE’s existing and future indebtedness;

•

exposing New SAFE to potential events of default (if not cured or waived) under covenants contained in New SAFE’s debt instruments that could have a material adverse effect on New SAFE’s business, financial condition, and operating results;

•

exposing New SAFE to potential credit rating downgrades;

•

increasing New SAFE’s vulnerability to a downturn in general economic conditions; and

•

limiting New SAFE’s ability to react to changing market conditions in its industry.

The impact of any of these potential adverse consequences could have a material adverse effect on New SAFE’s results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

Risks Relating to the Caret Program

Distributions to holders of Caret units (other than SAFE and, following the merger, New SAFE) will reduce distributions to SAFE (and, following the merger, New SAFE) upon certain transactions, and sales of additional Caret units may dilute the economic interests of SAFE (and, following the merger, New SAFE) common stockholders.

Caret units entitle holders to a share of the net proceeds from the disposition of SAFE Ground Lease Assets in excess of SAFE’s (or, following the merger, New SAFE’s) investment basis in such Ground Lease Assets. “Ground Lease Asset” means the fee or other interest in real property that is or (while Portfolio Holdings or SAFE directly or indirectly owned all or a part of such fee or other interest) was subject to a Ground Lease together with the lessor’s interest under such Ground Lease and, if applicable, the direct or indirect owner of all or a part of a Ground Lease Asset, which, for the avoidance of doubt, only includes commercial Ground Lease Assets. While certain of the proposed changes to the Caret program described herein are intended to, among other things, create additional limits on the distributions to which holders of Caret units are entitled upon such dispositions, holders of Caret units are generally the beneficiaries of the net value realized by SAFE from such disposition in excess of SAFE’s (or, following the merger, New SAFE’s) investment basis.

The number of authorized Caret units is currently a fixed amount, though the proposed changes to the Caret program described herein will increase the number of authorized Caret units by 20%. Issuances of additional shares of SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) common stock will reduce an individual SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) common stockholder’s indirect interest in Caret units, while the interests of Caret unit holders are subject to limited dilution. In addition to the Caret units reserved for issuance under the Plan, in February 2022, SAFE sold 108,571 Caret units to third-party investors and received a commitment from an existing common stockholder (which is affiliated with one of SAFE’s independent directors) for the purchase of 28,571 Caret units, representing an aggregate of 1.37% of the then-authorized Caret units and 1.42% of the then-outstanding Caret units. Additionally, pursuant to the MSD Caret unit purchase, MSD Partners has subscribed to purchase 100,000 Caret units from SAFE, conditioned on, among other things, the closing of the merger and the spin-off and the implementation of the changes to the Caret program described herein. Additionally, in November 2022, SAFE entered into subscription agreements with certain third-party investors for an aggregate of 22,500 Caret units. As a result, assuming the consummation of the foregoing, New SAFE will own 82.866% of the then-outstanding Caret units. SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) may choose to issue new Caret units or sell outstanding Caret units to third parties in the future, as the proposed changes to the Caret program will only require that SAFE or its successor retain at least 51% of outstanding Caret units. Any such issuances or sales will not require approval from SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) common stockholders and would reduce SAFE’s (or, following the merger, New SAFE’s) current percentage interest (and indirectly the interest of its common stockholders) in cash distributions in respect of Caret units. Moreover, the price at which additional Caret units are sold may not be commensurate to the cash distributions SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) or its common stockholders would have received if SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) had retained such Caret units.

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In connection with the February 2022 sales, SAFE agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to provide public market liquidity for the Caret units (or securities into which they may be exchanged) prior to the second anniversary of such sales. There can be no assurances that SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) will be able to provide public market liquidity within such timeframe, or at all, and if it is unable to do so, such investors have a right to require SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) to redeem their Caret units purchased in February 2022. Even if SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) is able to provide public market liquidity, an active trading market may not develop, or be sustained, and the market price of such securities may be volatile. Additionally, in connection with the pursuit of public market liquidity, SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) may further restructure the Caret units (or securities into which they may be exchanged), and such revised terms may negatively impact SAFE’s (or, following the merger, New SAFE’s) common stockholders’ economic interests and other attributes of ownership in SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) and may materially and adversely affect the market price of shares of its common stock.

Certain proposed changes to the Caret program could further impact the economic interests of SAFE common stockholders, including the following:

•

A lease extension (other than in accordance with the original terms of a Ground Lease) or other “GL Material Change,” as defined in the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, will only result in accelerating, not increasing, the amounts SAFE is entitled to on account of the GL units it owns.

•

Portfolio Holdings will have less discretion with respect to sales of Ground Lease Assets, as (i) it may be obligated to sell Ground Lease Assets (thereby triggering a distribution to holders of Caret units and GL units) upon any Ground Lease expiration or termination, not just those related to tenant defaults, as well as upon SAFE’s receipt of all amounts it is entitled to after a lease extension or other GL Material Change, and (ii) it will be required to sell either to an affiliate via an arm’s length marketed process (and, following specified liquidity transactions, as agreed by a majority of a committee of independent directors) or to an unaffiliated third party.

•

Under the amended Caret program, SAFE, as owner of the GL units, will no longer have a redemption right with respect to GL units.

•

Caret distributions are not reduced for interest and principal repayment obligations of indebtedness (other than certain debt defined in the Portfolio Holdings LLCA as a “Caret Financing”). Therefore, cash available for distribution to GL unit holders will be reduced by all payments with respect to debt by Portfolio Holdings.

Thus, holders of shares of SAFE’s (or, following the merger, New SAFE’s) common stock bear the risk that Caret units will dilute its common stockholders’ economic interests and other attributes of ownership in SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) and may materially and adversely affect the market price of shares of its common stock.

The proposed changes to the Caret program may fail to improve the recognition of SAFE’s two distinct components of value by market participants.

The Caret program was designed to recognize the two distinct components of value in SAFE’s Ground Lease portfolio: the “bond component,” which consists of the bond-like income stream SAFE receives from contractual rent payments under its Ground Leases and the return of invested capital, and the “Caret component,” which consists of the unrealized capital appreciation above SAFE’s investment basis in its Ground Leases due to SAFE’s ownership of the land and improvements at the end of the term of the applicable Ground Lease. While the proposed changes to the Caret program are intended to improve the recognition of these two components, particularly the Caret component, by market participants, there can be no assurances that this will happen or that such recognition will be accretive to the market price of shares of SAFE’s (or, following the merger, New SAFE’s) common stock.

The terms of Caret units could result in conflicts of interest between holders of SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) common stock and holders of Caret units. SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) management’s ownership of Caret units creates potential conflicts of interest.

Given the disparate economic rights belonging to holders of Caret units and holders of GL units with respect to ground lease assets owned directly or indirectly by Caret Ventures (or, following the restructuring,

42

Portfolio Holdings), there are inherent conflicts of interest between such groups and, accordingly, between holders of Caret units, which includes members of SAFE management, and holders of SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) common stock due to SAFE’s (or, following the merger, New SAFE’s) ownership of all outstanding GL units but not all outstanding Caret units. Such conflicts may arise with respect to investment, management, capital and operational decisions, including:

•

whether to invest in ground leases that hold greater potential for future distributions to Caret unit holders versus current distributions to GL units and therefore common stockholders;

•

whether to extend, sell, hold or refinance a ground lease or ground lease asset in the future;

•

whether to issue new shares of common stock; and

•

whether to issue or sell additional Caret units.

While SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) management and its board of directors may consider SAFE’s (or, following the merger, New SAFE’s) interest as a Caret unit holder, neither is obligated to separately consider the interests of Caret unit holders when making such decisions. SAFE’s (or, following the merger, New SAFE’s) board of directors intends to exercise its judgment from time to time, depending on the circumstances, as it believes the advantage of retaining flexibility in determining how to fulfill its responsibilities in any such circumstances as they may arise outweigh any perceived advantages of adopting additional specific procedures.

Additionally, SAFE (and, following the merger, New SAFE) management’s ownership of Caret units creates potential conflicts of interest. During the third quarter of 2018, SAFE adopted, and in the second quarter of 2019, its stockholders approved, the Plan. Fifteen percent of the then-authorized number of Caret units were reserved for grants of performance-based awards under the Plan to Plan participants, including certain executives of SAFE and STAR. Grants under the Plan were subject to graduated vesting based on time-based service conditions and hurdles of SAFE’s common stock price, all of which were satisfied as of December 31, 2021, except with respect to approximately 38,056 Caret units that are scheduled to vest on December 31, 2022 and 1,250 Caret units that are scheduled to vest on December 31, 2023. As of September 30, 2022, SAFE’s officers and other employees of STAR beneficially owned approximately 13.19% of the then-authorized Caret units, including 7.35% and 3.38% held directly and indirectly by Jay Sugarman, SAFE’s and STAR’s Chairman and CEO, and Marcos Alvarado, SAFE’s and STAR’s President and Chief Investment Officer, respectively. This creates potential conflicts of interest when management is faced with decisions that could have different implications for holders of Caret units and holders of SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) common stock, as management may be incentivized to make decisions that benefit holders of Caret units as opposed to holders of SAFE (or, following the merger, New SAFE) common stock.

The Portfolio Holdings LLCA sets forth certain limitations on SAFE’s ability to make changes to such agreement that could be beneficial to SAFE and SAFE stockholders without the consent of certain of the Caret unitholders.

The Portfolio Holdings LLCA sets forth certain limitations on our ability to make changes to such agreement that could be beneficial to SAFE and SAFE common stockholders. Subject to certain agreed exceptions, any material amendment adverse to the interest of Caret unit holders with respect to: (i) capital contributions, (ii) the designation and number of membership interests in Portfolio Holdings, (iii) economics, (iv) restrictions on the authority of Portfolio Holdings’ managing member, SAFE, (v) certain decisions with respect to Ground Leases and the fee or other interest in real property subject to a Ground Lease, (vi) SAFE’s commitment that, subject to certain exceptions, all commercial Ground Leases, including any improvements built thereon, that are directly or indirectly owned by SAFE must be owned through Portfolio Holdings, (vii) the use of proceeds from the issuance of Caret units by Portfolio Holdings or Caret Financings, (viii) drag-along rights, or (ix) amendments to the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, as well as any definitions related to such matters, will require the consent of (1) prior to a Liquidity Transaction (as defined below), a majority of Caret unit holders other than SAFE and persons employed by SAFE or any of its subsidiaries (“Outside Unitholders”) and (2) following a Liquidity Transaction, the majority of the members of a committee of independent directors and, for certain amendments, Outside Unitholders holding a majority of Caret units held by Outside Unitholders. This provision in the Portfolio Holdings LLCA could

43

delay or impede any proposed amendment to the Portfolio Holdings LLCA that might be beneficial to SAFE or SAFE common stockholders, unless such amendment is approved by the Outside Unitholders. See “The Portfolio Holdings Limited Liability Company Agreement — Amendments to the Portfolio Holdings LLCA.”

The Portfolio Holdings LLCA contains provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a change in control.

The Portfolio Holdings LLCA contains provisions, including limitations on the authority of SAFE to amend the agreement by granting certain approval rights to holders of Caret units, that may delay, defer or prevent a change in control. Under the terms of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, SAFE will have the sole discretion, prior to a specified liquidity transactions, to acquire all Caret units to consummate a change of control in SAFE or the sale of SAFE’s ground lease business. However, SAFE will not have such drag-along right after a liquidity transaction. The Portfolio Holdings LLCA further provides that prior to specified liquidity transactions, any amendment or modification of the terms of SAFE’s drag-along right will require the consent of Caret unit holders (other than SAFE or any person that is employed by SAFE or its subsidiaries) holding a majority of Caret units held by such persons. The absence of the drag-along right after a liquidity transaction could make SAFE a less attractive target for acquisition and therefore delay, deter or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for SAFE (and, following the merger, New SAFE) common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of SAFE (and, following the merger, New SAFE) common stockholders.

Risks Relating to the Status of STAR and SAFE as REITs

Adverse tax consequences may occur if STAR or SAFE has failed or fails to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

It is a condition to the obligation of STAR and SAFE to complete the merger that each of STAR and SAFE receive an opinion of counsel, on which the other may rely, to the effect that, at all times since STAR’s taxable year ended December 31, 2016 and SAFE’s taxable year ended December 31, 2017, as applicable, and through the closing date, STAR and SAFE have been organized and operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code and their respective actual method of operation will enable STAR and SAFE, as applicable, to meet, through the effective time of the merger, the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code. Each opinion will be subject to customary exceptions, assumptions and qualifications and will be based on customary representations made by STAR and SAFE, as applicable, and if any such representations are or become inaccurate or incomplete, such opinion may be invalid and the conclusions reached therein could be jeopardized. In addition, neither opinion will be binding on the Internal Revenue Service (which we refer to as the “IRS”) or any court, and there can be no assurance that the IRS will not take a contrary position or that such position would not be sustained. If STAR has failed or fails to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and the merger is completed, New SAFE generally will not qualify as a REIT and will be subject to significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities. If SAFE has failed or fails to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and the merger is completed, New SAFE generally would succeed to and may incur significant tax liabilities and New SAFE could possibly fail to qualify as a REIT. In addition, if SAFE has failed or fails to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and the merger is completed, for the five-year period following the effective time of the merger, upon a taxable disposition of any of SAFE’s assets, New SAFE generally would be subject to corporate level tax with respect to any gain in such asset at the time of the merger.

REITs are subject to a range of complex organizational and operational requirements.

As REITs, each of STAR and SAFE must distribute to its stockholders with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP), without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. A REIT must also meet certain requirements with respect to the nature of its income and assets and the ownership of its stock. For any taxable year that STAR or SAFE fails to qualify as a REIT, it will not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to its stockholders in computing taxable income, and thus would become subject to U.S. federal income tax as if it were a regular taxable corporation. In such an event, STAR or

44

SAFE, as the case may be, could be subject to potentially significant tax liabilities. Unless entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, STAR or SAFE, as the case may be, would also be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which it lost its qualification, and dispositions of assets within five years after requalifying as a REIT could give rise to gain that would be subject to corporate income tax. If STAR or SAFE failed to qualify as a REIT, the market price of New SAFE common stock may decline, and New SAFE may need to reduce substantially the amount of distributions to its stockholders because of its potentially increased tax liability.

The tax on prohibited transactions will limit New SAFE’s ability to engage in certain transactions.

Net income that New SAFE derives from a “prohibited transaction” will be subject to a 100% tax rate. The term “prohibited transaction” generally includes a sale or other disposition of property that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of New SAFE’s trade or business. New SAFE might be subject to this tax if it were to dispose of its property, including historic SAFE properties, in a manner that was treated as a prohibited transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Risks Relating to an Investment in New SAFE Common Stock Following the Transactions

The market price of New SAFE common stock may decline as a result of the transactions.

The market price of New SAFE common stock may decline as a result of the transactions if New SAFE does not achieve the perceived benefits of the transactions or the effect of the merger on New SAFE’s financial results is not consistent with the expectations of financial or industry analysts.

In addition, upon consummation of the merger, STAR stockholders and SAFE stockholders will own interests in New SAFE, which will operate as an internalized company dedicated to the ground lease business, but with continuing agreements with SpinCo. Current stockholders of STAR and SAFE may not wish to continue to invest in New SAFE as the combined company, or for other reasons may wish to dispose of some or all of their shares of New SAFE common stock. If, following the effective time of the merger, large amounts of New SAFE common stock are sold, the price of New SAFE common stock could decline.

The New SAFE common stock following the reverse stock split and the merger will have different rights from the STAR and SAFE common stock prior to the reverse stock split and the merger.

Upon consummation of the reverse stock split and the merger, the rights of former holders of STAR and SAFE common stock will be governed by New SAFE’s charter (which we refer to as the “New SAFE charter”) and bylaws (which we refer to as the “New SAFE bylaws”). New SAFE’s charter will be identical in all material respects to SAFE’s charter (which we refer to as the “SAFE charter”), except that certain supermajority vote requirements will be eliminated and New SAFE’s bylaws will be identical in all material respects to STAR’s bylaws (which we refer to as the “STAR bylaws”). For a discussion of the different rights currently associated with the common stock of each of STAR and SAFE and to be associated with New SAFE common stock following the reverse stock split and the merger, see “Comparison of Stockholder Rights” and “— Risks Related to Our Business — Certain provisions of New SAFE’s organizational documents and of the MGCL will have anti-takeover effects and could delay, discourage, defer or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider to be in the stockholder’s best interests.”

Certain provisions of New SAFE’s organizational documents and of the MGCL will have anti-takeover effects and could delay, discourage, defer or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider to be in the stockholder’s best interests.

Certain provisions of the New SAFE charter may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control if New SAFE’s board of directors determines that such changes in control are not in the best interests of New SAFE and its stockholders. Such provisions include, among other things, those that:

•

We expect that New SAFE’s board of directors will, by resolution, exempt business combinations between New SAFE and any other person from the business combination provisions of the MGCL, and the New SAFE bylaws exempt from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions

45

by any person of shares of New SAFE’s stock; however, there can be no assurance that these exemptions will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

•

New SAFE’s ability as general partner of its operating partnership to make certain amendments to the partnership agreement and to cause the operating partnership to issue units with terms that could delay, defer or prevent a merger or other change of control of New SAFE or its operating partnership without the consent of the limited partners.

•

The right of the limited partners of New SAFE’s operating partnership to consent to transfers of New SAFE’s general partnership interest and mergers or other transactions involving New SAFE under specified circumstances.

•

The New SAFE charter generally prohibits any person from directly or indirectly owning more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of all classes and series of New SAFE’s capital stock or more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of New SAFE’s common stock.

•

New SAFE’s board of directors, without stockholder approval, has the power under its charter to amend the charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that New SAFE is authorized to issue, to authorize New SAFE to issue authorized but unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of New SAFE common stock or preferred stock into one or more classes or series of stock and set the terms of such newly classified or reclassified shares. As a result, New SAFE’s board of directors could establish a class or series of preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of such series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for New SAFE common stock or that New SAFE’s shareholders otherwise believe to be in their best interest.

These provisions may frustrate or prevent attempts by stockholders to cause a change in control of New SAFE or to replace members of its board of directors. For more information, see “Comparison of Stockholder Rights.”

Certain provisions of New SAFE’s organizational documents limit stockholder recourse and access to judicial fora.

Similar to each of the existing STAR and SAFE charters, the New SAFE charter limits the liability of its present and former directors and executive officers to New SAFE and its stockholders for money damages to the maximum extent permitted under Maryland law. The governing agreement of New SAFE’s operating partnership also limits the liability of New SAFE’s directors, officers and others. Additionally, the New SAFE bylaws provide that, unless New SAFE consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for: (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on New SAFE’s behalf; (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of any duty owed by New SAFE or by any director or officer or other employee to New SAFE or to its stockholders; (c) any action asserting a claim against New SAFE or any director or officer or other employee arising pursuant to any provision of the MGCL or the New SAFE charter or New SAFE bylaws; or (d) any action asserting a claim against New SAFE or any director or officer or other employee that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or, if that Court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division. These provisions of New SAFE’s organizational documents may limit stockholder recourse for actions of New SAFE’s present and former directors and executive officers and limit their ability to obtain a judicial forum that they find favorable for disputes with New SAFE or its directors, officers, employees, if any, or other stockholders.

Following the Transactions, New SAFE may not continue to pay dividends at or above the rate currently paid by STAR or SAFE.

Following the transactions, the stockholders of New SAFE may not receive dividends at the same rate that they did as stockholders of STAR or SAFE prior to the transactions for various reasons, including the following:

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•

New SAFE may not have enough cash to pay such dividends due to changes in New SAFE’s cash requirements, capital spending plans, cash flow or financial position;

•

decisions on whether, when and in what amounts to pay any future dividends will remain at all times entirely at the discretion of the New SAFE board of directors, which reserves the right to change New SAFE’s dividend practices at any time and for any reason, subject to applicable REIT requirements; and

•

the amount of dividends that New SAFE’s subsidiaries may distribute to New SAFE may be subject to restrictions imposed by state law and restrictions imposed by the terms of any current or future indebtedness that these subsidiaries may incur.

Stockholders of New SAFE will have no contractual or other legal right to dividends that have not been declared by the New SAFE board of directors.

Other Risks

The risks listed above are not exhaustive, and you should be aware that, following the transactions, New SAFE will face various other risks, including those discussed in reports filed by STAR and SAFE with the SEC from time to time, such as those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in their respective most recently filed reports on Forms 10-K. For more information, see “Where You Can Find More Information.”

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COMPARATIVE STOCK PRICES AND DIVIDENDS

Shares of STAR common stock are listed for trading on the NYSE under the symbol “STAR.” Shares of SAFE common stock are listed for trading on the NYSE under the symbol “SAFE.” The following table presents trading information for STAR and SAFE common stock on August 10, 2022, the last trading day before public announcement of the merger agreement prior to the opening of trading on the following day, and November 30, 2022, the latest practicable trading day before the date of this joint proxy statement/​prospectus.

​

STAR Common Stock

SAFE Common Stock

Date

High

Low

Close

High

Low

Close

August 10, 2022

​

$

17.16

​

$

16.76

​

$

17.08

​

$

44.34

​

$

42.63

​

$

43.45

November 30, 2022

​

​

8.05

​

​

7.41

​

​

8.03

​

​

29.65

​

​

27.62

​

​

29.52

For illustrative purposes, the following table shows the equivalent implied value of a share of STAR common stock on each of the dates, which has been determined by multiplying the market price of a share of SAFE common stock on each of the dates by an estimated STAR share consolidation ratio of 0.138, which has been calculated based on: (i) the number of shares of STAR common stock outstanding and the number of shares of SAFE common stock owned by STAR as of September 30, 2022; (ii) the estimated number of shares of SAFE common stock required to be contributed by STAR to SpinCo and paid to settle iPIP liabilities; (iii) the sale of 5,405,406 shares of SAFE common stock in the MSD transactions; (iv) an upward adjustment of 1,195,034; (v) an estimated number of shares of SAFE common stock to be payable to STAR in respect of accrued but unpaid management fees as of the closing date; and (vi) the special distribution by STAR of approximately 6.63 million shares of SAFE common stock to holders of STAR common stock in a pro rata distribution paid on December 7, 2022. If the closing of the transaction occurs after March 31, 2023 and STAR has not raised certain additional cash proceeds from asset sales and other transactions, the upward adjustment amount of 1,195,034 will be reduced by 358,511 and will be reduced to zero if the closing has not occurred and STAR has not raised certain additional cash proceeds by June 30, 2023. The implied per share value of STAR common stock presented below does not reflect the value of SpinCo common shares to be distributed to holders of STAR common stock in the spin-off.

The implied per share value of STAR common stock presented below does not reflect: (i) the STAR special distribution of 0.07655 shares of SAFE common stock per share of STAR common stock paid on December 7, 2022 or (ii) the value of SpinCo common shares to be distributed to holders of STAR common stock in the spin-off.

​	STAR Common Stock (Close)(1)			SAFE Common Stock (Close)			Implied Per Share Value of STAR Common Stock in the Merger (Close)
August 10, 2022	​	$	17.08	​	$	43.45	​	$	5.99
November 30, 2022	​	$	8.03	​	$	29.52	​	$	4.07

(1)

The ex-dividend date for the STAR special distribution was November 30, 2022; accordingly, the closing price of STAR common stock on November 30, 2022 reflects the STAR special distribution, but the closing price on August 10, 2022 does not reflect the STAR special distribution.

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COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL AND UNAUDITED PRO FORMA PER SHARE DATA

The following table sets forth, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021, selected per share information for STAR common stock on a historical and pro forma combined basis and for SAFE common stock on a historical basis. Unaudited pro forma equivalent per share data is not produced for SAFE because the data would be identical to the pro forma data because the merger exchange ratio is one share of New SAFE common stock for each share of SAFE common stock. You should read the table below together with the historical consolidated financial statements and related notes of STAR and SAFE contained in their respective Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022 and Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, all of which are incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus. For more information, see “Where You Can Find More Information.”

The New SAFE pro forma combined earnings per share were calculated using the methodology as described above under the heading “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements,” and are subject to all the assumptions, adjustments and limitations described thereunder. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet data gives effect to the merger as if it had occurred on September 30, 2022. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations data gives effect to the merger as if it had become effective at January 1, 2021, based on the most recent valuation data available. You should not rely on the pro forma amounts as being indicative of the financial position or results of operations of STAR that actually would have occurred had the merger been completed as of the date indicated above, nor is it necessarily indicative of the future operating results or financial position of the STAR.

​	STAR/New SAFE												SAFE
​	Historical						Pro Forma for Merger						Historical
​	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022			Year Ended December 31, 2021			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022			Year Ended December 31, 2021			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022			Year Ended December 31, 2021
Basic earnings (loss) per share	​	$	6.16	​	$	1.51	​	$	(0.09)	​	$	(1.54)	​	$	1.87	​	$	1.35
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	​	$	6.16	​	$	1.51	​	$	(0.09)	​	$	(1.54)	​	$	1.87	​	$	1.35
Cash dividends declared per share(1)	​	$	0.375	​	$	0.485	​	​	N/A	​	​	N/A	​	$	0.524	​	$	0.6722
Book value per share (period end)	​	$	15.86	​	$	7.93	​	$	35.06	​	​	N/A	​	$	33.99	​	$	29.71

(1)

Dividends are declared and paid at the discretion of the respective boards of directors of STAR and SAFE, and either STAR’s board of directors or SAFE’s board of directors may change the relevant company’s dividend policy at any time. STAR recently announced that its board of directors intended to suspend the payment of regular quarterly dividends on STAR common stock pending the closing of the merger.

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPANIES

iStar Inc.

STAR finances, invests in and develops real estate and real estate related projects as part of its fully-integrated investment platform. STAR also manages entities focused on ground lease investments, including SAFE. STAR has invested over $40 billion over the past two decades and is structured as a REIT with a diversified portfolio focused on larger assets located in major metropolitan markets. In 2019, STAR announced that it intended to simplify its balance sheet, reduce its legacy assets and transition its business focus and resources primarily to its ground lease strategy.

The principal executive offices of STAR are located at 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor, New York, New York 10036, and its telephone number is (212) 930-9400. STAR common stock is listed on the NYSE, trading under the symbol “STAR.” Additional information about STAR and its subsidiaries is included in documents incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus and “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Safehold Inc.

SAFE is a publicly-traded company that operates its business through one reportable segment by acquiring, managing and capitalizing ground leases. SAFE believes that its business has characteristics comparable to a high-grade, fixed income investment business, but with certain unique advantages. Relative to alternative fixed income investments generally, SAFE’s ground leases typically benefit from built-in growth derived from contractual base rent increases (either at a specified percentage or consumer price index based, or both), and the opportunity to realize value from residual rights to take ownership of the buildings and other improvements on SAFE’s land at no additional cost to SAFE. SAFE believes that these features offer SAFE the opportunity to realize superior risk-adjusted total returns when compared to certain alternative highly-rated investments.

SAFE is managed by SFTY Manager, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of STAR, SAFE’s largest shareholder.

The principal executive offices of SAFE are located at 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor, New York, New York 10036, and its telephone number is (212) 930-9400. SAFE common stock is listed on the NYSE, trading under the symbol “SAFE.” Additional information about SAFE and its subsidiaries is included in documents incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus and “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Star Holdings

SpinCo was formed as a Maryland statutory trust and wholly owned subsidiary of STAR on October 7, 2022 for the purpose of effecting the spin-off. SpinCo will be externally managed by New SAFE following the merger. SpinCo is expected to be publicly traded following the spin-off. The principal executive offices of SpinCo will be located at 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor, New York, New York 10036, (212) 930-9400.

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THE MERGER

The following is a discussion of the merger and the material terms of the merger agreement by and between STAR and SAFE. You are urged to read the merger agreement carefully and in its entirety, a copy of which is attached as Annex A to this joint proxy statement/prospectus and incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

Background of the Merger

In its more than two-decade history, STAR has focused on bringing creative capital solutions to the commercial real estate industry. In 2016, STAR identified ground leases as a type of capital that it believed was ripe for modernization. STAR believed that a standardized, predictable form of ground lease would be attractive to commercial real estate owners and developers as an alternative and supplement to traditional mortgage financing. STAR sponsored the formation and initial public offering of SAFE in order to capitalize on this opportunity, in addition to STAR’s other traditional businesses of commercial real estate lending and net leasing. Since the closing of its initial public offering in June 2017, SAFE has grown its portfolio of ground leases from approximately $340.0 million to approximately $5.5 billion as of June 30, 2022. STAR is SAFE’s largest stockholder and its external manager.

The board of directors of each of STAR and SAFE periodically and in the ordinary course of business evaluate and consider a variety of financial and strategic opportunities as part of their respective long-term strategies to enhance value for their respective stockholders, including potential acquisitions and dispositions. In the years following SAFE’s initial public offering, STAR found that STAR’s traditional businesses of commercial real estate lending and net leasing had become highly competitive and featured less attractive risk-adjusted returns when compared to the ground lease business. In 2019, STAR announced that it would focus its business strategy on growing the ground lease sector. As part of this strategy, STAR stated that it intended to monetize its legacy assets and use the proceeds to invest in the ground lease business and pay down debt.

In 2021, STAR observed that large net lease asset portfolios were in high demand and selling at attractive prices. Consistent with its announced business strategy, STAR announced in July 2021 that the STAR board of directors had decided to explore potential market interest for STAR’s net lease portfolio, which had an aggregate gross book value of approximately $2.5 billion and was encumbered by approximately $1.0 billion of debt. Thereafter, STAR initiated an auction process that ran for several months.

In November 2021, members of STAR management held informal discussions with each of the SAFE and STAR boards of directors separately to discuss investor feedback on the corporate management structure of SAFE and STAR and possible improvements to the structure, including a potential transaction between STAR and SAFE. At a meeting of the SAFE board of directors on November 30, 2021, the SAFE board of directors discussed the formation of a special committee of independent SAFE directors to evaluate the possibility of a potential transaction and the need for such special committee to retain its own independent legal and financial advisors. The SAFE board of directors authorized Stefan Selig and Jay Nydick, each of whom is an independent director, to engage in discussions with prospective legal and financial advisors for a prospective special committee.

In December 2021, Stefan Selig and Jay Nydick engaged in a series of interviews with potential financial and legal advisors to the special committee of the SAFE board of directors that would be formed to evaluate any potential transaction with STAR (which we refer to as the “SAFE special committee”). Following such interviews, Messrs. Selig and Nydick selected J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (which we refer to as “J.P. Morgan”) to serve as financial advisor to the SAFE special committee, based on its experience and its qualifications and reputation in connection with such matters and its familiarity with the industries in which SAFE and STAR operate, and also determined to retain Kirkland & Ellis LLP (which we refer to as “Kirkland”) as outside legal counsel to the SAFE special committee. The Safe special committee instructed J.P. Morgan to begin financial due diligence on STAR, SAFE and a possible transaction.

On January 5, 2022, the SAFE board of directors unanimously passed resolutions establishing the SAFE special committee consisting of Messrs. Selig and Nydick, who the SAFE board of directors had determined are independent and disinterested with respect to STAR. The SAFE board of directors delegated

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to the SAFE special committee the sole authority to negotiate the terms of any potential transaction with STAR (or an alternative thereto) and to make a recommendation to the full SAFE board of directors, which could include a recommendation to approve or reject any transaction. The SAFE board of directors’ delegation also provided that the SAFE board of directors would not engage in or recommend a potential transaction with STAR without a prior favorable recommendation by the SAFE special committee.

On January 17, 2022, J.P. Morgan submitted a relationship disclosure letter to the SAFE special committee, detailing its relationships with SAFE and STAR. Later that day, SAFE entered into an engagement letter with J.P. Morgan, pursuant to which J.P. Morgan was engaged as financial advisor to the SAFE special committee.

On January 18, 2022, the SAFE special committee held a telephonic meeting, together with representatives of Kirkland. The SAFE special committee reviewed its mandate and considered a number of organizational matters. The representatives of Kirkland reviewed with the SAFE special committee the applicable role of a special committee under Maryland law and SAFE’s organizational documents, as well as the applicable standards of director conduct. The representatives of Kirkland discussed various potential process features a special committee could choose to implement in connection with any potential transaction involving a controlling stockholder, including a potential “majority of the minority” vote, as well as related considerations. After this discussion, representatives of J.P. Morgan were invited to join the meeting to provide an update on the financial due diligence. At the conclusion of the meeting, the SAFE special committee determined that it would not take further action in pursuit of a transaction unless STAR were to approach SAFE with a framework for a potential transaction, but that J.P. Morgan should continue its financial due diligence.

On January 24, 2022, representatives of J.P. Morgan and Kirkland held a call with members of management to discuss financial due diligence matters.

From time to time since July 2020, the SAFE board of directors also evaluated and considered a variety of opportunities for SAFE’s Caret program, as it believed that the Caret program could be a source of significant potential future value. On January 27, 2022 and January 31, 2022, at the direction of the SAFE special committee, representatives of J.P. Morgan held telephonic meetings with members of management to discuss certain changes that management was proposing to make to the Caret program with a view toward understanding the potential impact of any such changes on a transaction between SAFE and STAR.

On January 27, 2022, the STAR board of directors held a meeting to consider proposed final terms of the sale of its net lease portfolio. In addition to considering the terms of the net lease sale, the STAR board discussed the potential implications of the sale on the future relationship between STAR and SAFE. On February 2, 2022, STAR announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to sell its net lease portfolio in a single transaction for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $3.1 billion. The transaction closed in March 2022. After deducting transaction costs, payments to joint venture partners and payments under incentive plans, STAR realized approximately $1.2 billion of net cash proceeds from the sale.

On February 3, 2022 and February 7, 2022, the SAFE special committee held discussions with representatives of J.P. Morgan present, where the representatives of J.P. Morgan provided the SAFE special committee with an update regarding the potential changes to the Caret program.

On February 8, 2022, the SAFE board of directors held a regularly scheduled meeting. At the meeting, management made a presentation regarding strategic goals for SAFE’s Caret program and potential changes to the Caret program being studied by management. In addition, the SAFE board of directors authorized an initial sale of Caret units to third-party investors.

On February 15, 2022, SAFE announced that it had sold 108,571 Caret units to third-party investors and received a binding commitment for the sale of 28,571 Caret units for $24.0 million. Those 137,142 Caret units represented 1.37% of the then-authorized Caret units, implying a total Caret unit valuation of $1.75 billion, as part of SAFE’s ongoing process for exploring a public market listing for the Caret units.

On February 16 and 17, 2022, the STAR board of directors held regularly scheduled meetings at which it discussed STAR’s business operations and strategy in light of the announced net lease sale. In particular, the STAR board of directors discussed that, after the closing of the net lease sale, STAR would own a 65%

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interest in SAFE, which had a market value of approximately $2.4 billion based on the closing price of SAFE common stock of $65.22 on February 16, 2022, approximately $1.0 billion in gross book value of legacy assets and approximately $1.4 billion of cash, and that STAR also had approximately $2.1 billion of liabilities, consisting of approximately $1.8 billion of unsecured notes maturing in 2024-2026 and $300 million of preferred stock. The STAR board of directors discussed various opportunities available to STAR, including (i) maintaining the status quo and using proceeds from legacy asset sales and available cash primarily to repay debt maturities as they come due; (ii) investing STAR’s cash balances in new business activities related to the ground lease ecosystem; and (iii) taking affirmative steps to simplify the management structure of STAR and SAFE with the objective of improving both STAR’s and SAFE’s growth prospects and public market valuation.

The STAR board of directors and management discussed the benefits, challenges and other considerations relating to these opportunities. They considered that maintaining the status quo would mean continuing to incur the overhead and other expenses of running STAR while seeking to raise and preserve sufficient cash to pay upcoming debt maturities and that, under this alternative, STAR would be limited in its ability to make additional investments in SAFE and the ground lease ecosystem. The STAR board of directors further considered that finding new business opportunities could generate attractive risk-adjusted profits and expand the ground lease ecosystem, but it would take time to generate the opportunities without any certainty as to the outcome, and that STAR would still need to preserve sufficient cash to pay upcoming debt maturities. The general consensus of the STAR board of directors was that STAR’s investment in SAFE continued to represent an attractive long-term investment opportunity, and focusing on growing SAFE while continuing to simplify STAR’s other assets and liabilities was the best opportunity for STAR and its stockholders. In the course of its discussions, the STAR board of directors expressed the view that, as the owner of 65% of SAFE’s common stock, STAR and its stockholders would be the principal beneficiaries of SAFE’s successes, that SAFE was already well-positioned as the only public company dedicated to ground leases and that SAFE’s Caret program could be a source of significant potential future value. The STAR board of directors determined to consider strategies for improving SAFE’s growth prospects and public market valuation, including a potential internalization of the management of SAFE.

On February 18, 2022, STAR publicly filed with the SEC an amended Schedule 13D (which we refer to as the “February 2022 13D amendment”) announcing that, in connection with the anticipated closing of its net lease portfolio sale, the STAR board of directors, or a committee of the STAR board of directors, expected to evaluate ways to continue to transition its portfolio and business focus to its ground lease strategy, including considering transactions having the objectives of realizing value from its ownership interest in and management contract with SAFE, simplifying the management structure of the companies, addressing STAR’s legacy assets and satisfying its outstanding liabilities, among other objectives. As part of this process, STAR reported that it might formulate and implement plans or proposals for transactions involving SAFE. As of this date, SAFE had not received any proposals from STAR regarding a potential transaction between the two companies nor had SAFE made any proposals to STAR regarding such a potential transaction.

During the next several weeks, the STAR board of directors reviewed various financial analyses of the assets and liabilities of STAR and SAFE, and the SAFE special committee and J.P. Morgan continued financial due diligence.

On March 18, 2022, the STAR board of directors held a meeting, where management reported on the expected near term closing of the net lease sale transaction. The STAR board of directors discussed that it would be an appropriate time to form a special committee comprised of disinterested independent directors to evaluate potential transactions involving STAR and SAFE in furtherance of STAR’s stated business strategy and as contemplated in STAR’s February 2022 13D amendment.

On March 22, 2022, the SAFE special committee held a telephonic meeting with representatives of J.P. Morgan and Kirkland present. At this meeting, the SAFE special committee discussed recent developments, and the representatives of J.P. Morgan provided the SAFE special committee with an update on J.P. Morgan’s financial due diligence to date, including a review of draft projections provided by management that considered scenarios where management is internalized compared to continued external management, as well as scenarios contemplating additional sales of Caret units to third parties compared to no such sales. The SAFE special committee and its advisors also discussed STAR’s February 2022 13D amendment, and

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determined that, as it had not received any proposal from STAR with respect to a potential transaction, it would not take any further action with respect to STAR at this time.

On March 28, 2022, the STAR board of directors formed the STAR special committee comprised of Messrs. Barry Ridings (chair), Clifford DeSouza and Richard Lieb. The STAR board of directors delegated to the STAR special committee the exclusive power and authority of the full STAR board to review, consider and take actions with respect to possible internalization, business combination and other strategic transactions involving STAR and SAFE.

On April 14, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting. A representative of Clifford Chance US LLP (which we refer to as “Clifford Chance”) participated in the meeting. At the meeting, the STAR special committee reviewed its mandate and considered a number of organizational matters. The Clifford Chance representative reviewed with the STAR special committee the duties of directors of a Maryland corporation. The STAR special committee considered formally retaining Clifford Chance and Lazard Frères & Co. LLC (which we refer to as “Lazard”) to act as the legal and financial advisors to the STAR special committee. After discussion and consideration, the STAR special committee approved the retention of Clifford Chance and Lazard, based on their qualifications and knowledge of STAR and the absence of material conflicts on the part of each firm.

On April 25, 2022, the STAR special committee entered into an engagement letter with Lazard.

Also on April 25, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, with representatives of Lazard and Clifford Chance in attendance. The STAR special committee and its advisors considered and discussed factors that would be relevant to assessing the feasibility of a potential transaction with SAFE, including, among others, the significant built-in tax gain that STAR had in its shares of SAFE common stock, as well as STAR’s desire to maintain its REIT qualification and comply with covenant restrictions in STAR’s debt securities. They also discussed the potential benefits and considerations of separating STAR’s legacy assets from STAR prior to any potential transaction with SAFE in order to create more efficient and focused structures for STAR’s ground lease business and its legacy assets. They observed that completing a spin-off of the legacy assets prior to a transaction with SAFE would significantly reduce or eliminate the need to consider the value of the legacy assets in the context of negotiations with SAFE. The STAR special committee considered that it would be useful for the respective advisors to the STAR special committee and the SAFE special committee to have an introductory meeting. Following the meeting, Mr. Ridings contacted Mr. Selig, a member of the SAFE special committee, to propose a meeting of advisors to engage in exploratory discussions regarding a potential general framework for a transaction involving the two companies.

On April 26, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, at which Mr. Ridings reported that Mr. Selig informed him that, while the SAFE special committee was not at present actively pursuing a transaction with STAR, the SAFE special committee was amenable to its advisors meeting with the advisors to the STAR special committee on a preliminary basis to discuss a framework for a potential transaction involving the two companies. The respective special committees instructed their legal and financial advisors to arrange such a meeting.

On May 12, 2022, the STAR board of directors held a regularly scheduled meeting. In addition to discussing regular business, the STAR board of directors received an update from the STAR special committee on the STAR special committee’s activities to date and discussed timeline and process matters, including the proposed upcoming meeting of advisors to the respective special committees.

On May 17, 2022, a meeting of the respective advisors to the STAR special committee and the SAFE special committee was held. Representatives of Lazard, Clifford Chance, J.P. Morgan and Kirkland attended the meeting. The advisors discussed a number of topics, including: (i) the potential scope of assets and liabilities of both companies that may be appropriate to include as part of a transaction; (ii) a process for exploring possible transaction structures; and (iii) market conditions. Each special committee’s advisors undertook to review further the matters discussed at the meeting. After this discussion, J.P. Morgan and Kirkland provided the SAFE special committee with an update regarding the matters discussed. The SAFE special committee instructed its advisors to further consider further the topics raised at the May 17 meeting and engage in additional dialogue with the advisors to the STAR special committee in furtherance of that objective.

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On May 18, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, with representatives of Lazard and Clifford Chance in attendance. The advisors provided a report on the May 17 meeting. The STAR special committee instructed the advisors to consider further the topics discussed at the May 17 meeting. J.P. Morgan and Lazard had a follow-up discussion after this meeting.

On May 20, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, with representatives of Lazard and Clifford Chance in attendance. The Lazard representatives updated the committee on their follow-up discussion with J.P. Morgan. The STAR special committee and its advisors also reviewed certain preliminary illustrative transaction scenarios prepared by Lazard and related financial analysis contemplating: (i) the spin-off and formation of SpinCo, which would hold STAR’s remaining legacy assets and possibly some of the shares of SAFE common stock owned by STAR; (ii) a merger of SAFE and STAR; (iii) the assumption of STAR’s trust preferred securities and a portion of its unsecured notes by the combined company; (iv) payment of additional cash consideration by SAFE to STAR in respect of certain key value components other than STAR’s shares of SAFE common stock, namely $250.0 million in respect of the management contract and $115.0 million in respect of STAR’s interests in two ground lease related funds; (v) a “reverse” management agreement between the combined company and SpinCo; and (vi) repayment of STAR’s other debt and preferred stock using proceeds from sales and/or financings of assets, including SAFE common stock. The STAR special committee authorized Lazard to share the preliminary, non-binding illustrative scenarios with J.P. Morgan, which were shared with J.P. Morgan later that day, and which J.P. Morgan shared that same day with the SAFE special committee and Kirkland.

On May 23, 2022, J.P. Morgan and Kirkland held a meeting to discuss matters raised by the preliminary, non-binding illustrative scenarios that had been shared, including the potential structuring of the merger, third party financing, capital requirements, debt assumption, termination of management agreement and voting requirements.

On May 24, 2022, Lazard, Clifford Chance, J.P. Morgan and Kirkland held a meeting to discuss the preliminary, non-binding illustrative scenarios. Representatives of J.P. Morgan expressed the view that the contemplated leverage at the combined company could adversely impact the combined company’s credit ratings and thus its cost of capital for future growth and that STAR should consider seeking to accelerate asset sales, including shares of SAFE common stock, and repaying all of its debt and preferred stock so that the transaction would not add leverage to SAFE. Representatives of J.P. Morgan also questioned the value being ascribed to the management contract based on their review of metrics for comparable transactions. Lazard agreed to revisit some of the issues raised by J.P. Morgan. After this discussion, J.P. Morgan and Kirkland provided the SAFE special committee with an update regarding the matters discussed.

On May 25, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, with representatives of Lazard and Clifford Chance in attendance. The Lazard representatives reported on the recent discussions with the advisors to the SAFE special committee. Mr. Ridings reported that he had recently spoken with Mr. Selig and they both believed that it could be helpful for the two committees to receive a presentation from management on the various structural components of a possible transaction. The STAR special committee agreed that such a presentation could provide useful information to the committee.

On May 26, 2022 and May 27, 2022, the legal and financial advisors to the STAR special committee and the SAFE special committee held meetings. At these meetings, they discussed the feasibility of certain potential transaction structures and financing alternatives. They also discussed potential constraints, including post-transaction leverage and tax efficiency.

On June 1, 2022, the STAR special committee and the SAFE special committee held a meeting with members of management in attendance. Representatives of J.P. Morgan, Kirkland, Lazard and Clifford Chance also attended the meeting. The purpose of the meeting was for the committees and advisors to receive a presentation from management on the business impact of various potential structural components of a possible transaction, including potential solutions and strategies for STAR to raise additional liquidity in an amount sufficient to repay its senior unsecured notes. Management expressed its view that if a transaction could be structured to be leverage neutral, it could preserve SAFE’s investment grade rating and be accretive to the future share price and earnings of the combined company. The group discussed possible ways in which STAR could raise additional liquidity from asset sales, including shares of SAFE common stock in

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order to repay debt and execute a leverage neutral transaction with SAFE. No discussions or negotiations of possible financial terms of a transaction took place at the meeting.

On June 7, 2022, a meeting was held between the SAFE special committee and the STAR special committee, with their respective financial and legal advisors and representatives of management in attendance. During this meeting, the parties continued discussions regarding potential strategies for resolving the liquidity gap that existed for SAFE and STAR in a combination, as well as the potential structuring of a transaction between SAFE and STAR. No discussions or negotiations of possible financial terms of a transaction took place at the meeting.

On June 9, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting with representatives of Lazard and Clifford Chance in attendance. The STAR special committee and its advisors reviewed, considered and discussed a revised version of the preliminary, non-binding illustrative scenarios that was revised to contemplate a value of $150.0 million plus earnout consideration in respect of the management contract. The preliminary illustrative transaction summary also contemplated that: (i) SAFE would make a $250.0 million loan to SpinCo; (ii) STAR would use the proceeds of this loan together with proceeds from sales of SAFE common stock and other assets to repay its liabilities; (iii) the SAFE shares held by SpinCo (which would be exchanged for combined company shares in the transaction) would be subject to an 18-month lockup; and (iv) and SpinCo would receive certain registration rights for such shares. The preliminary illustrative transaction summary further contemplated that SAFE and SpinCo would enter into a “reverse” management contract, which would provide for a management fee by SpinCo payable either in cash or shares of SAFE common stock. The STAR special committee directed Lazard to share this summary with J.P. Morgan.

On June 10, 2022, Lazard shared the preliminary illustrative transaction summary with J.P. Morgan, who shared the summary with the SAFE special committee and Kirkland that same day. Members of the SAFE special committee provided direction to J.P. Morgan regarding aspects of the preliminary transaction summary that may be acceptable to the SAFE special committee, as well as points with which they disagreed, and further noted to J.P. Morgan that the SAFE special committee wanted an option to internalize the management of SAFE if a transaction between STAR and SAFE could not be completed within a reasonable timeframe.

On June 13, 2022, Lazard and J.P. Morgan had a discussion regarding the preliminary illustrative transaction summary. Representatives of J.P. Morgan expressed that certain of the concepts in the preliminary illustrative transaction summary may be acceptable to the SAFE special committee, but communicated that the value being ascribed to the management contract was still higher than the value ascribed to it by the SAFE special committee, and the size of the secured loan was larger than the SAFE special committee would approve. Additionally, J.P. Morgan, at the direction of the SAFE special committee, communicated to Lazard that the SAFE special committee wanted an option to internalize the management of SAFE if a combination of STAR and SAFE could not be completed by an outside date to be agreed by the special committees.

On June 15, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, with representatives of Lazard and Clifford Chance in attendance. At the invitation of the STAR special committee, members of management also attended the meeting. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the feasibility of selling legacy assets and shares of SAFE, which would be necessary in order for STAR to raise sufficient funding to achieve a leverage neutral transaction, recognizing that general market conditions and the share price of SAFE common stock had deteriorated in recent weeks in the broad market sell-off. After discussion, the consensus of the STAR special committee was that with sufficient time, STAR would be able to execute the necessary sales and that the announcement of an internalization transaction with SAFE could engender market interest in SAFE common stock.

On June 16, 2022, the SAFE special committee held a meeting with J.P. Morgan and Kirkland to discuss the preliminary illustrative transaction summary that had been shared by Lazard. At the meeting, the SAFE special committee and their advisors analyzed the funding gap that had been identified and Lazard’s proposed framework to address such funding gap. Discussion ensued regarding the magnitude of the gap in funding needed to satisfy STAR’s debt and the benefits of internalizing management, and the SAFE special committee weighed the prospects of continuing as an externally-managed REIT, as well as the allocation

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of execution risk. Kirkland also presented materials to the SAFE special committee regarding various possibilities for conducting a “market check”. The SAFE special committee and its advisors discussed the viability of any pre-signing “market check” or “go shop” process in light of STAR’s 65% ownership in SAFE. Following discussion, it was the consensus of the SAFE special committee that, unless STAR would be willing to contractually agree to support an alternative transaction, any such process was not likely to be meaningful. The SAFE special committee then directed its advisors to continue considering these issues and to meet again to further consider various aspects of the preliminary illustrative transaction summary.

On June 20, 2022, the SAFE special committee held a meeting with J.P. Morgan and Kirkland to further discuss various aspects of the preliminary transaction summary. Following discussion, the SAFE special committee provided input to its advisors to prepare a response to the preliminary illustrative transaction summary, and directed them to do so.

On June 21, 2022, J.P. Morgan, at the direction of the SAFE special committee, sent a revised preliminary illustrative transaction summary to Lazard, which contemplated that (i) the fees under the “reverse” management agreement would be payable by SpinCo solely in cash (as opposed to SpinCo having the option to pay in shares of SAFE common stock, as proposed in Lazard’s draft of the preliminary illustrative transaction summary); (ii) SAFE would make a loan of $100.0 million to SpinCo, as opposed to $250.0 million; (iii) SpinCo would obtain a margin loan from a third-party lender in the amount of $100.0 million that would be supported by SpinCo’s shares of SAFE common stock; (iv) the existing management agreement would be terminated for a value of $100.0 million, which would be satisfied by the assumption of STAR’s trust preferred securities by the combined company; and (v) internalization of management would be completed shortly after required stockholder approvals of the transaction were obtained. The revised preliminary transaction summary sent to Lazard also included an illustrative term sheet setting forth the potential terms of a margin loan that could be provided to SpinCo by J.P. Morgan.

Later that same day, a meeting was held between J.P. Morgan and Lazard, with representatives of Kirkland and Clifford Chance also in attendance, to discuss the revised preliminary illustrative transaction summary.

On June 22, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, with representatives of Lazard and Clifford Chance in attendance. The STAR special committee discussed the revised preliminary illustrative transaction summary received from J.P. Morgan. After discussion, the STAR special committee considered that certain terms were acceptable, but concluded that the transaction summary did not assign enough value to the management contract and that the option for SAFE to internalize management shortly after obtaining required stockholder approvals and ahead of the closing of the merger was not acceptable given that no consideration would be payable for the internalization and the level of complexity that such a provision could introduce to the transaction. The STAR special committee instructed Lazard to seek improvement in the value of the management contract and other terms discussed at the meeting.

On June 22, 2022, Lazard provided J.P. Morgan with a revised preliminary illustrative transaction summary reflecting the STAR special committee’s input. Among other things, the revised preliminary illustrative transaction summary contemplated $200.0 million of value for the existing management agreement, of which half would be paid by the assumption of STAR’s trust preferred securities and the balance in SAFE common stock, which amount of SAFE common stock would decline if the merger closing extended beyond June 30, 2023 because of delays in STAR’s asset sales. The revised preliminary illustrative transaction summary also contemplated that SAFE would purchase STAR’s ground lease fund interests at their gross book value plus any additional amounts funded before closing. The revised summary also removed the option to complete internalization shortly after obtaining required stockholder approvals, but provided that if the transaction did not close by December 31, 2023, SAFE could elect to internalize and terminate the management contract with the payment of $150.0 million of SAFE common stock to STAR. Additionally, the revised preliminary illustrative transaction summary provided that SpinCo could terminate the reverse management agreement without payment of a termination fee and that the lockup on combined company shares to be held by SpinCo would be six months (as opposed to eighteen months).

Lazard and J.P. Morgan held additional discussions over the following days regarding the terms reflected in the June 22 preliminary illustrative transaction summary.

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On July 5, 2022, the SAFE special committee held a meeting, with representatives of J.P. Morgan and Kirkland and members of management present. The SAFE special committee asked questions of management regarding the financial models that management had provided, including the draft management projections for SAFE. Thereafter, management left the meeting, and the SAFE special committee held a discussion on a proposed response to the revised preliminary illustrative transaction summary. The SAFE special committee instructed J.P. Morgan and Kirkland to prepare a further revised preliminary illustrative transaction summary reflecting the proposed responses that were discussed, and instructed J.P. Morgan to share this summary with Lazard and Clifford Chance.

On July 7, 2022, J.P. Morgan shared a revised preliminary illustrative transaction summary with Lazard and Clifford Chance. The revised summary indicated consensus on a number of items, but the value of the management agreement, the consequences to STAR of a delayed closing beyond a target closing date of March 31, 2023, the amount of the termination fee payable under the reverse management agreement and the length of the lock-up on the shares of SAFE to be held by SpinCo remained open points.

On July 8, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, with representatives of Lazard and Clifford Chance in attendance. The committee and the advisors discussed the July 7 preliminary illustrative transaction summary received from J.P. Morgan. The STAR special committee determined to negotiate further to seek additional value for the management contract, to improve the proposed consequences to STAR of a delayed closing and to shorten the length of the lockup on the shares of SAFE to be held by SpinCo.

On July 8, 2022, representatives of Clifford Chance and Kirkland held a call to discuss documentation and process items for a potential transaction should agreement be reached on the general terms of a transaction.

On July 9, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, with representatives of Lazard and Clifford Chance in attendance. Mr. Ridings reported on a recent discussion he had with Mr. Sugarman regarding the amount of time that might be needed to raise sufficient liquidity through asset sales and sales of SAFE shares. Mr. Ridings also reported that management expected it could complete the necessary sales by the end of 2022 or the first quarter of 2023. The STAR special committee and its advisors discussed these matters, as well as the remaining open points in the July 7 preliminary illustrative transaction summary discussed at the previous meeting.

Representatives of the SAFE special committee and the STAR special committee engaged in discussions and negotiations regarding the open issues over the following days and reached consensus on several of the open points: (i) consideration of $150.0 million would be allocated to the management agreement and would be payable by the assumption of STAR’s trust preferred securities by the combined company and the issuance of $50.0 million of SAFE common stock that would be reduced if the closing of the transaction was delayed past March 31, 2023 due to delays in STAR’s asset sales; and (ii) the shares of the combined company to be held by SpinCo would be subject to a nine-month lockup. Additionally, the SAFE special committee and the STAR special committee instructed their respective counsel to begin drafting definitive documents reflecting the terms that had been agreed by that time.

On July 12, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, with representatives of Lazard and Clifford Chance in attendance, to discuss progress made on the open issues.

On July 15, 2022, J.P. Morgan and Kirkland sent a list of financial and legal due diligence requests regarding STAR to management. Over the course of the following week, a number of calls were held between representatives of Kirkland, on the one hand, and management, on the other hand, to discuss specific legal due diligence topics, including with respect to real estate, environmental and intellectual property matters.

On July 19, 2022, Clifford Chance distributed a draft of the reverse management agreement to Kirkland, and on July 20, 2022, Clifford Chance distributed drafts of the separation and distribution agreement for the spin-off and a commitment letter and term sheet for the secured term loan to Kirkland. In addition, beginning on or around July 19, 2022, management solicited indicative terms from Morgan Stanley & Co. (which we refer to as “Morgan Stanley”) for the margin loan to SpinCo.

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Members of management had spoken with representatives of MSD Partners from time to time over the past few years about the prospect of MSD Partners becoming a ground lease customer of SAFE and separately investing in SAFE and its Caret units. In early July 2022, Marcos Alvarado, STAR’s President, proposed to MSD Partners that they review SAFE’s publicly available information, given MSD Partners’ potential to be a strategic partner. After reviewing the publicly available information, a representative of MSD Partners contacted Mr. Alvarado and arranged a meeting on July 13, 2022, and during that meeting requested to review non-public information. The parties entered into a confidentiality agreement on July 20, 2022 and management began providing information to MSD Partners.

On July 20, 2022, Morgan Stanley provided STAR with proposed terms for a $100.0 million margin loan to SpinCo, which would be secured by $400.0 million of SAFE common stock to be contributed to SpinCo by STAR. The principal amount of the proposed margin loan was subsequently increased to up to $140.0 million. Representatives of STAR, Lazard and Clifford Chance, with the oversight and insight of the STAR special committee, engaged in discussions and negotiations of the margin loan term sheet and a commitment letter with Morgan Stanley and its counsel over the following weeks.

On July 20, 2022, the SAFE board of directors held a regularly scheduled meeting. At the meeting, management made a presentation regarding proposed changes to the Caret program.

On July 21, 2022, the SAFE special committee held a meeting, with representatives of J.P. Morgan and Kirkland present. At this meeting, the representatives of Kirkland led a discussion regarding certain positions that would be proposed in the merger agreement, voting agreement and governance agreement, including (i) the termination fees that could be payable by either party; (ii) the board and committee composition of the combined company and SpinCo; (iii) the applicable voting standard of SAFE stockholders; (iv) whether to request in the voting agreement that STAR be required to support a “superior proposal” recommended by the SAFE board of directors; and (v) post-closing restrictions on the shares of the combined company that would be held by SpinCo. A discussion ensued regarding whether SAFE would hold a “majority of the minority” vote, and the SAFE special committee determined that, in light of other protections for minority shareholders (including the fact that STAR was limited to directing the vote of no more than 41.9% of the outstanding SAFE stock pursuant to its existing stockholders agreement with SAFE), SAFE would not seek to require a “majority of the minority” vote but would require STAR to remain bound by its 41.9% voting cap in the existing stockholders agreement. The SAFE special committee further determined to request that the voting agreement require STAR to vote its 41.9% discretionary voting power in SAFE in favor of an alternative transaction approved by the SAFE special committee in lieu of the transaction with STAR.

On July 22, 2022, Kirkland distributed drafts of the merger agreement, voting agreement, governance agreement, registration rights agreement and SAFE’s disclosure schedules to Clifford Chance.

On July 25, 2022, Lazard provided Clifford Chance with a confirmatory relationship disclosure letter, which Clifford Chance reviewed and sent to the STAR special committee.

Also on July 25, 2022, MSD indicated that it was interested in entering into negotiations and preparing definitive documentation for a purchase of $200.0 million of SAFE common stock from STAR at a price of $34.00 per share, and 1% of SAFE’s Caret units. Management promptly informed the lead directors of each of SAFE and STAR of this development.

On July 26, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, with representatives of Lazard and Clifford Chance in attendance. The STAR special committee and its advisors reviewed a summary of the draft documents and a list of issues for discussion that had been prepared by Clifford Chance. Among the issues discussed were: (i) the draft merger agreement provided that if the transaction did not close by September 30, 2023, SAFE would have 18 months thereafter to elect to internalize management and terminate the management agreement; (ii) the draft governance agreement provided that New SAFE would have the right to appoint one or more directors to SpinCo’s board and that SpinCo would be subject to certain transfer, voting and standstill restrictions with regard to its combined company shares; and (iii) the voting agreement required STAR to vote its 41.9% discretionary voting power in SAFE in favor of an alternative transaction approved by the SAFE special committee in lieu of the transaction with STAR. The STAR special committee provided Clifford Chance with direction on the draft agreements and instructed Clifford Chance to prepare markups of the agreements and distribute them to Kirkland. The STAR special committee and its

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advisors also discussed the proposed transaction with MSD. The STAR special committee viewed the potential MSD transaction as a favorable development because it believed such a transaction would significantly de-risk STAR’s obligation to raise sufficient liquidity so that STAR would be able to pay off its senior unsecured notes.

Between July 25, 2022 and August 8, 2022, the SAFE special committee and the STAR special committee, along with their respective financial and legal advisors, held regular calls to discuss the status of the various workstreams for the potential transaction. During this time, representatives of Clifford Chance and Kirkland also engaged in numerous discussions regarding the terms of the transaction agreements and exchanged various drafts of the agreements.

On July 27, 2022, the SAFE special committee held a meeting to discuss the proposed terms of the $140.0 million margin loan to SpinCo from Morgan Stanley, with representatives of J.P. Morgan and Kirkland present. At this meeting, the SAFE special committee discussed the importance to SAFE of ensuring that the term loan being granted by SAFE to SpinCo would have priority over the margin loan, which was reflected in the margin loan term sheet circulated by Morgan Stanley.

On July 27 and 28, 2022, the STAR board of directors held regularly scheduled meetings. As part of the meetings, the STAR board of directors received a presentation from Morgan Stanley regarding capital markets strategies for STAR to potentially sell some of its shares of SAFE, including the possible sale to MSD. Through further negotiations between STAR and MSD, MSD agreed to increase the price of its proposed purchase of SAFE common stock from $34.00 to $37.00. The general consensus of the STAR board of directors was that the proposed pricing of $37.00 per share in the sale to MSD was reasonable because it was based on the 10-day volume weighted average trading price at the time, plus a discount that was not greater than, and was likely less than, the discount that would be charged by underwriters for a public distribution or placement agents in a private sale of the shares.

On August 1, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, with representatives of Lazard and Clifford Chance in attendance. Representatives of Clifford Chance provided an update on recent discussions with Kirkland regarding open issues on the transaction documents, including (i) the mechanics of determining the STAR share consolidation ratio; (ii) whether the shares of SAFE to be contributed to SpinCo would be fixed in number or by dollar value; and (iii) the ownership threshold and other triggers for terminating the transfer, voting and standstill restrictions under the governance agreement. The STAR special committee provided direction on the open issues, as well as a proposal to resolve the remaining open issue on the secured term loan and reverse management agreement. The STAR special committee and its advisors also discussed the proposed reciprocal merger termination fee of $63.0 million, which represented approximately 2.5% of SAFE’s equity market capitalization, based on recent trading prices, which the STAR special committee and its advisors determined was reasonable.

On August 1, 2022, the SAFE special committee also held a meeting, with representatives of Kirkland in attendance. The representatives from Kirkland led a discussion on the following topics: (i) the voting and support agreements that would be obtained in connection with the proposed transaction, with the SAFE special committee noting that it was important that any vote relating to the purchase of Caret units by MSD not be a condition to the merger; (ii) proposed board representation of the combined company and of SpinCo; (iii) compensation incentives for executives; (iv) the reverse management agreement; (v) the exchange ratio; and (vi) the underwriting of STAR’s secondary sale of SAFE stock, with the SAFE special committee noting its belief that J.P. Morgan’s involvement in such secondary sales would be beneficial to the transaction process given J.P. Morgan’s familiarity with SAFE.

On August 2, 2022, STAR publicly filed an amendment to its Schedule 13D reporting that STAR and SAFE were in advanced discussions with respect to a potential strategic corporate transaction.

On August 3, 2022, Clifford Chance circulated drafts of a stock purchase agreement, a stockholder’s agreement and a registration rights agreement to Hogan Lovells US LLP (which we refer to as “Hogan Lovells”), as counsel for MSD Partners. On the same day, Latham & Watkins LLP (which we refer to as “Latham”), counsel to SAFE, sent a draft MSD Caret unit subscription agreement to Hogan Lovells.

On August 3, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, with representatives of Lazard and Clifford Chance in attendance. Clifford Chance provided an update on the open issues in the transaction

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documents for the transactions with SAFE and MSD, respectively. Representatives of Lazard presented Lazard’s financial analyses and indicated that Lazard would be prepared to render an oral fairness opinion that the transaction consideration to be received by holders of STAR common stock in the spin-off and the merger is fair, from a financial point of view, to STAR’s common stockholders, subject to finalization of the definitive transaction agreements.

On August 4, 2022, J.P. Morgan provided the SAFE special committee with an updated relationship disclosure letter.

On August 5, 2022, the SAFE special committee held a meeting, with representatives of J.P. Morgan and Kirkland in attendance. At this meeting, representatives of J.P. Morgan gave an overview of the work performed in connection with the fairness opinion that it expected to be asked to deliver to the SAFE special committee to the effect that the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock in the SAFE transactions was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders, as well as an overview of the underlying methodology and preliminary financial analyses. The members of the SAFE special committee asked questions of the J.P. Morgan representatives about their preliminary financial analyses.

On August 5, 2022 and August 6, 2022, MSD and Hogan Lovells provided comments to Clifford Chance and Latham on the initial set of draft documents providing for the sale of SAFE common stock and Caret units to MSD. Representatives of STAR, SAFE and MSD engaged in discussions and negotiations of the transaction documents through August 10, 2022 and kept the SAFE special committee and its advisors regularly updated regarding such discussions.

On August 8, 2022, a meeting of the SAFE board of directors was held, at which the SAFE board reviewed the proposed terms of the MSD transactions and the proposed changes to the Caret program then under discussion with MSD Partners. The independent directors of SAFE held an executive session to discuss separately the proposed Caret changes.

On August 10, 2022, the SAFE special committee held a meeting, with representatives of J.P. Morgan and Kirkland in attendance. Representatives of Kirkland provided an overview of the directors’ duties under Maryland law, as well as an overview and status update of the transaction documents, which were in substantially final form. Representatives of J.P. Morgan then provided an overview of their financial analyses regarding the SAFE Transactions and the work performed by J.P. Morgan. J.P. Morgan then reviewed with the SAFE special committee its financial analysis of the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock provided for in the merger agreement and delivered to the SAFE special committee its oral opinion, which was confirmed by delivery of a written opinion, dated August 10, 2022, to the effect that, as of such date and based upon and subject to the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken by J.P. Morgan in preparing the opinion, the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock in the SAFE transactions was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders, as more fully described below in the section “Opinion of SAFE’s Financial Advisor, J.P. Morgan” beginning on page 82 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus. Based on the discussions and deliberations at this meeting and prior meetings, the various presentations of J.P. Morgan and Kirkland, including financial analyses presented by J.P. Morgan at the August 5, 2022 meeting, and various factors, including those described in “— SAFE’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the SAFE Board of Directors,” the SAFE special committee unanimously (i) determined that the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement are advisable and in the best interests of SAFE and (ii) recommended that the SAFE board of directors approve and declare advisable the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated therein.

Shortly thereafter, the SAFE board of directors held a meeting, which began with a discussion regarding the outcomes of the latest negotiations with MSD regarding the MSD agreements. Thereafter, acting upon the SAFE special committee’s recommendation, the SAFE board of directors (other than Messrs. Sugarman and Ms. Josephs, who abstained from voting on the matters) unanimously (i) determined that the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger, are advisable and in the best interests of SAFE and its stockholders; (ii) authorized and approved the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger; (iii) directed that the merger be submitted for consideration at a meeting of SAFE’s stockholders; and (iv) recommended that SAFE’s stockholders vote to approve the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement. The SAFE board

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of directors also unanimously determined that the agreements with MSD are advisable and in the best interests of SAFE and its stockholders, and authorized and approved the agreements with MSD (including the material terms of the SAFE Caret changes) and the transactions contemplated thereby.

On August 10, 2022, the STAR special committee held a meeting, with representatives of Clifford Chance and Lazard in attendance. Representatives of Clifford Chance provided an update on the status of the transaction documents, substantially final forms of which were circulated to the STAR special committee in advance of the meeting. The representatives of Clifford Chance also reviewed with the committee their duties under Maryland law. At the request of the STAR special committee, Lazard delivered to the STAR special committee an oral opinion, which was confirmed by delivery of a written opinion, dated August 10, 2022, addressed to the STAR Special committee to the effect that, as of the date of the opinion and based upon and subject to the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and conditions and limitations set forth in the opinion, the transaction consideration to be received by holders of STAR common stock in the spin-off and the merger transactions was fair, from a financial point of view, to STAR’s common stockholders, other than certain holders of excluded shares. Based on the discussions and deliberations at this meeting and prior meetings, the various presentations of Clifford Chance and Lazard, including financial analyses presented by Lazard at the August 3rd meeting, and various factors, including those described in “— STAR’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the STAR Board of Directors,” the STAR special committee unanimously (i) determined that the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger, the charter amendment and the STAR stock issuance, were advisable and in the best interests of STAR and fair and reasonable to STAR and (ii) recommended that the STAR board of directors approve and declare advisable the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated therein.

Shortly thereafter, the STAR board of directors convened a meeting at which the STAR board of directors (other than Messrs. Sugarman and Eisenberg and Ms. Josephs, who abstained from voting on the matters), acting upon the STAR special committee’s recommendation,, by unanimous vote (i) determined that it was advisable and in the best interests of STAR to consummate the merger in accordance with the merger agreement; (ii) determined that the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the charter amendment and the STAR stock issuance, were advisable and fair and reasonable to STAR; (iii) authorized the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including, without limitation, the charter amendments and the STAR stock issuance; (iv) directed that the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the STAR stock issuance, be submitted for consideration at a meeting of STAR’s stockholders; and (v) recommended that STAR’s stockholders vote to approve the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the STAR stock issuance. The STAR board of directors also unanimously determined that the agreements with MSD are advisable and in the best interests of STAR and its stockholders, and authorized and approved the agreements with MSD and the transactions contemplated thereby.

In the evening of August 10, 2022, STAR and SAFE executed the merger agreement and the voting agreement, and STAR, SAFE and MSD executed the stock purchase agreement for SAFE common stock and the MSD Caret unit subscription agreement.

A joint press release announcing the transactions was issued during the morning of August 11, 2022.

Certain Relationships between STAR and SAFE

In addition to the merger agreement, the other agreements being entered into in connection with the merger and the transactions contemplated thereby, certain relationships have existed and will continue to exist until the effective time of the merger among STAR, SAFE and their respective affiliates. These agreements and transactions are described (i) under the heading “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” in STAR’s definitive proxy statement filed with the SEC on April 1, 2022, as amended on May 2, 2022; (ii) in Note 9, Other Investments — Safehold Inc. to STAR’s consolidated financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022, as amended on August 22, 2022; (iii) in Note 8, Other Investments — Safehold Inc. to STAR’s consolidated financial statements included in STAR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on August 4, 2022; (iv) under the heading “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions in SAFE’s definitive proxy statement filed with the SEC on April 5, 2022; (iv) in Note 13, Related Party Transactions to SAFE’s consolidated financial statements included

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in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on February 15, 2022; and (vi) in Note 13, Related Party Transactions, to SAFE’s consolidated financial statements included in SAFE’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on August 3, 2022, each of which is incorporated by reference in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

STAR’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the STAR Board of Directors

The STAR board of directors (with the unanimous vote of the disinterested directors), at its meeting on August 10, 2022, acting upon the unanimous recommendation of the STAR special committee at its meeting on August 10, 2022, adopted resolutions declaring that the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger and the STAR stock issuance, are advisable and in the best interests of STAR, and recommending that the merger and the STAR stock issuance be submitted to the stockholders of STAR for their consideration and that the stockholders of STAR vote to approve the merger and the STAR stock issuance. Jay Sugarman, Robin Josephs and Dave Eisenberg abstained from voting on the matters due to their actual or potential interests in SAFE.

In reaching its determination and recommendation, the STAR special committee and the STAR board of directors consulted with and received the advice of financial and legal advisors, discussed certain matters with management and considered a number of factors that the STAR special committee and the STAR board of directors believed supported their determinations and recommendations, including the following factors:

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that the merger and the spin-off represent the culmination of STAR’s stated corporate strategy, begun in 2019, to transition STAR’s business focus and resources to its ground lease strategy, monetize legacy assets and simplify its balance sheet;

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the belief that the merger and the spin-off will separate the STAR stockholders’ existing interests in SAFE and the legacy assets into two more efficient structures;

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the belief that STAR’s investment in SAFE represents an attractive long-term investment opportunity in a growth-oriented company and that the transactions will enhance SAFE’s growth prospects by: (i) removing the overhang on SAFE common stock related to STAR’s majority ownership; (ii) increasing the public float of SAFE common stock by more than 2.5 times, based on the companies’ share prices at the date of the public announcement of the merger; (iii) implementing a management structure that is more attractive to the investment community; (iv) retaining SAFE’s dedicated focus on ground leases; and (v) executing a leverage neutral transaction that is expected to be accretive to SAFE’s earnings and enhance its ratings momentum;

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that the transaction consideration reflects $150.0 million of consideration in respect of the SAFE management agreement and an additional approximately $87 million of estimated consideration for STAR’s ground lease fund interests;

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the expectation that, in addition to the consideration obtained for the management agreement and the ground lease fund interests, pre-closing STAR stockholders will be able to participate as stockholders of New SAFE after the merger in the potential upside of the New SAFE common stock, including potential upside relating to New SAFE’s Caret interests;

•

the fact that the reverse stock split and the merger provide a means for STAR stockholders to obtain value for their indirect interests in SAFE in a tax deferred transaction, without triggering built-in gains on STAR’s shares of SAFE;

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the fact that the financing being obtained from the margin loan, the secured term loan and the MSD transaction will, together with proceeds from asset sales and repayments, enable STAR to repay its unsecured senior notes in full and monetize assets in an orderly fashion;

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the expectation that streamlining the management of STAR and SAFE will reduce overhead and lead to cost savings over time;

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the belief that the spin-off will provide pre-merger STAR stockholders with interests in a company that is focused on maximizing value from longer-term assets and has a simpler structure and lower leverage than historical STAR;

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•

the belief that the shares of SAFE to be owned by SpinCo could provide SpinCo with a source of liquidity and provide SpinCo’s shareholders with the ability to participate in potential upside in the SAFE shares;

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the belief that STAR’s sale of SAFE shares to MSD represented an efficient execution for monetizing the shares at a discount to market pricing that was not greater, and was likely less, than the discounts and commissions STAR would have had to pay for an underwritten public distribution or a private placement;

•

the fact that MSD is purchasing Caret units at the highest valuation at which such units have previously been sold, which indicates that investors are recognizing value in the Caret units, and STAR’s stockholders will own indirect interest in the Caret units owned by SAFE;

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the fact that the STAR special committee consisted solely of independent and disinterested directors of STAR with the full power and authority to consider and make recommendations to the STAR board of directors in respect of any strategic transaction with SAFE;

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the fact that the merger agreement, the merger and the transactions contemplated thereby were negotiated on an arm’s-length basis between the STAR special committee and its advisors, on the one hand, and the SAFE special committee and its advisors on the other hand;

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feedback from STAR’s stockholders and research analysts who generally expressed support for pursuing an internalization transaction with SAFE;

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the belief that the merger and spin-off are more favorable to STAR stockholders than the potential value that would result from STAR continuing as a stand-alone company and the terms of the merger agreement would not preclude or deter a willing and financially capable third party, were one to exist, from making a superior proposal with respect to STAR following the announcement of the merger agreement;

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that, subject to certain conditions, the STAR board of directors is permitted to change its recommendation to its stockholders in response to a superior proposal or, in the absence of a superior proposal, in response to an intervening event, in each case if it determines that the failure to change its recommendation would be reasonably likely to be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable law, and that the $63.0 million termination fee that is potentially payable by STAR upon termination of the merger agreement in such event represented approximately 2.5% of SAFE’s equity value based on recent trading prices at the date of the merger agreement;

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the right to terminate the merger agreement if, among other things, the SAFE board of directors changes its recommendation to its stockholders in response to a superior proposal or an intervening event following a determination that the failure to change its recommendation would be reasonably likely to be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable law;

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that SAFE’s ability to terminate the merger agreement as a result of a “material adverse effect” on STAR excludes, among others, any effects resulting from the negotiation, execution, consummation, existence, delivery, performance or announcement of the Merger Agreement to the business, financial condition or results of operation of STAR and its subsidiaries (excluding SAFE and its subsidiaries);

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the likelihood that the merger will be consummated, based on, among other things, the nature of conditions to the merger, including the fact that the merger is not conditioned on the receipt of any regulatory approvals or third-party consents, other than the required stockholder approvals and consents described herein, and the fact that the sale of SAFE shares to MSD will significantly facilitate STAR’s repayment of its outstanding liabilities; and

•

the oral opinion of Lazard delivered to the STAR special committee, which was confirmed by delivery of a written opinion dated August 10, 2022, to the effect that, as of such date and based upon and subject to the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken by Lazard in preparing the opinion, the Transaction Consideration in the proposed merger and spin-off transaction was fair, from a financial point of view, to the holders of STAR Common Stock, as more fully described in the section entitled “The Merger — Opinion

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of STAR’s Financial Advisor.” The full text of the written opinion of Lazard, dated August 10, 2022, which sets forth, among other things, the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken by Lazard in preparing the opinion, is attached as Annex E to this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

In the course of its deliberations, the STAR special committee and the STAR board of directors considered a variety of risks and other countervailing factors concerning the merger agreement, the merger and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the following factors:

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the elimination of STAR’s ownership interest in SAFE and the termination of the SAFE management agreement (which will terminate at the effective time of the merger) and the fact that, in light of the limitation on STAR’s discretionary voting power in SAFE, the SAFE special committee was unwilling to pay a control premium on STAR’s shares;

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the early payment of STAR’s unsecured notes will trigger make-whole payments;

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the restrictions on the conduct of STAR’s business until the consummation of the merger or termination of the merger agreement, which may delay or prevent STAR from undertaking certain opportunities that may arise;

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STAR’s management and certain of its directors have interests in the merger and the spin-off that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of other STAR stockholders, including certain payments to be made in connection with the closing of the transactions, among others, as more fully described in the section entitled “The Merger — Interests of STAR’s Directors and Officers in the Merger and the Spin-Off”;

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the spin-off will be taxable to STAR’s stockholders;

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the sale price of $37.00 per share for the SAFE shares to be sold to MSD reflects a material discount to the purchase price paid by STAR of $59.00 per share in March 2022 for the purchase of 3.24 million shares of SAFE common stock;

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the risks that STAR may not be able to raise sufficient additional liquidity (which will be required to pay off its unsecured senior notes in full), which is a condition to the closing of the merger;

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the fact that if the merger does not close by September 30, 2023, SAFE will have an option to internalize STAR management;

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the fact that there can be no assurance that all conditions to the parties’ obligations to complete the merger will be satisfied, including approvals by STAR and SAFE stockholders and the completion of the spin-off, and that failure to complete the merger may have a potential negative impact on STAR and/or SAFE and their respective businesses and stock prices;

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that, subject to certain conditions, the SAFE board of directors is permitted to change its recommendation to its stockholders in response to a superior proposal or, in the absence of a superior proposal, an intervening event, in each case if it determines that the failure to change its recommendation would be reasonably likely to be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable law,

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the fact that substantial costs will be incurred by both STAR and SAFE in connection with the merger and the transactions contemplated thereby, including in connection with any litigation that may result from the announcement or pendency of the merger and the transactions contemplated thereby;

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the restrictions on STAR’s ability to solicit alternative acquisition proposals from third parties, to provide non-public information to third parties and to engage in discussions with third parties regarding alternative acquisition proposals; and

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each of the factors described above in the section entitled “Risk Factors.”

The STAR special committee and the STAR board of directors weighed the benefits, advantages and opportunities against the risks and countervailing factors of entering into the merger agreement and completing the merger and the other transactions contemplated thereby. Although the STAR board of

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directors realized that there can be no assurance about future results or outcomes, including results expected or considered in the factors listed above, the STAR board of directors concluded that the potential benefits, advantages and opportunities of entering into the merger agreement and completing the merger and the other transactions contemplated thereby outweigh the risks and countervailing factors.

The foregoing discussion of the factors considered by the STAR board of directors in connection with its determination and recommendation on the fairness of the merger agreement, the merger and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the STAR stock issuance to STAR’s stockholders is not intended to be exhaustive but is believed to include the material factors considered by the STAR special committee. The STAR special committee did not find it practicable to assign, and did not quantify, rank or otherwise assign, relative weights to the individual factors considered in reaching its conclusions as to the fairness of the merger agreement, the merger and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the STAR stock issuance. Rather, the STAR board of directors made its fairness determination and recommendation after consideration of all of the foregoing factors as a whole. In addition, individual members of the STAR special committee may have given different weight to different information and factors.

In considering the recommendation of the STAR special committee and the STAR board of directors with respect to the merger agreement, the merger and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the STAR stock issuance, STAR stockholders should be aware that certain of STAR’s directors and executive officers have interests in the merger that may be different from, or in addition to, those of STAR’s stockholders generally. These interests may present such executive officers and directors with actual or potential conflicts of interest. These interests include, but are not limited to, the continued service of certain directors of STAR, the continued employment of the executive officers of STAR, and the treatment in the merger of the iPIP plans, equity awards and provisions in the merger agreement regarding continued indemnification of and advancement of expenses to STAR directors and officers. The members of the STAR special committee were aware of these interests and considered them, among others, in their approval of the merger agreement, the merger and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the STAR stock issuance, and in the recommendation that STAR’s stockholders approve the Merger and the STAR stock issuance. See “— Interests of STAR’s Directors and Officers in the Merger” for further discussion of these matters. The foregoing discussion of the information and factors considered by the STAR special committee contains statements that are forward-looking in nature. This information should be read in light of the factors described in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

SAFE’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the SAFE Board of Directors

The SAFE board of directors (with the unanimous vote of the disinterested directors), at its meeting on August 10, 2022, acting upon the unanimous recommendation of the SAFE special committee, at its meeting on August 10, 2022, adopted resolutions declaring that the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger, are advisable and in the best interests of SAFE, and recommending that the merger be submitted to the stockholders of SAFE for their consideration and that the stockholders of SAFE vote to approve the merger. Jay Sugarman and Robin Josephs abstained from voting on the matters due to their actual or potential interests in STAR.

In reaching its determination and recommendation, the SAFE special committee and the SAFE board of directors consulted with and received the advice of financial and legal advisors, discussed certain matters with the senior management team and considered a number of factors that the SAFE special committee and the SAFE board of directors believed supported their determinations and recommendations, including the following factors:

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the expectation that New SAFE will maintain SAFE’s strategy of focusing on the modern ground lease business;

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the belief that since SAFE is already operated by the same management team as STAR, the two companies are highly complementary, and therefore New SAFE would likely benefit from substantial operating and cost efficiencies over time, with lower integration risk than a transaction with an unrelated third party;

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the belief that the internalization of STAR’s management team and intellectual property is expected to result in significant costs savings over time through lower net G&A and the elimination of

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management fees and reimbursable expenses payable to the manager, and new revenue streams for New SAFE through the management agreement being entered into with SpinCo and the senior secured loan being made to SpinCo;

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the belief that following the merger, New SAFE is expected to maintain a highly experienced management team, which has a proven track record within the modern ground lease industry and has extensive knowledge of the business, operations, financial condition, and assets of SAFE and STAR that are not being spun out to SpinCo, as well as of the current and prospective environment in which New SAFE will operate, including economic and market conditions;

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that the exchange ratio will not fluctuate as a result of changes in the price of SAFE common stock or STAR common stock prior to the effective time of the merger, which means that the market value of the merger consideration could increase prior to the effective time of the merger if the trading price of STAR common stock increases;

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that the receipt of shares of STAR common stock as merger consideration provides SAFE stockholders the opportunity to continue their ownership in New SAFE, which is expected to provide them with potential appreciation of New SAFE common stock following the merger and the opportunity to participate in the benefits of the merger, including the following:

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the enhanced credit profile, management structure and financials of New SAFE will likely improve future access to the capital markets, which can be used to support strategic investments to drive growth opportunities;

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New SAFE’s stockholders are expected to benefit from the growth prospects of STAR’s fund management business, as well as potential monetization through the selling down of STAR’s interests in the Ground Lease Plus and Loan Plus funds;

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SAFE stockholders are being provided with the opportunity to participate in the benefits of the merger and any potential appreciation of New SAFE common stock following the merger;

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the merger is expected to result in improved liquidity for SAFE stockholders as a result of the increased free float and equity capitalization and more dispersed stockholder base of New SAFE;

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the merger is expected to strengthen SAFE’s credit profile and directly addresses key ratings drivers;

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New SAFE’s board of directors will be comprised of four individuals designated by SAFE and three individuals designated by STAR;

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New SAFE will be governed by a charter and bylaws that are substantially similar to SAFE’s pre-merger charter and bylaws;

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The August 10, 2022 oral opinion of J.P. Morgan delivered to the SAFE special committee, which was confirmed by delivery of a written opinion, dated August 10, 2022, to the effect that, as of such date and based upon and subject to the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken by J.P. Morgan in preparing its opinion, the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock in the SAFE transactions was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders, as more fully described below in the section entitled “Opinion of SAFE’s Financial Advisor, J.P. Morgan” beginning on page 82 of this joint proxy statement/​prospectus. The full text of the written opinion of J.P. Morgan, dated August 10, 2022, which sets forth, among other things, the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken by J.P. Morgan in preparing its opinion, is attached as Annex F to this joint proxy statement/prospectus and is incorporated herein by reference;

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that the merger agreement permits SAFE to continue to pay its stockholders regular quarterly dividends in the ordinary course of business and otherwise to continue to conduct its business in the ordinary course in the period between the execution of the merger agreement and the effective time of the merger, subject only to limitations and restrictions on the taking of certain prescribed actions;

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that SAFE and STAR intend for the merger to qualify as a tax-free reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and if the merger so qualifies, then U.S. holders of SAFE common stock generally will not recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the receipt of merger consideration;

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•

that the SAFE board of directors has the ability, acting on the recommendation of the SAFE special committee, under certain circumstances and subject to certain conditions specified in the merger agreement, to consider and respond to unsolicited bona fide acquisition proposals with respect to SAFE and to engage in negotiations with persons making any such acquisition proposal and to terminate the merger agreement in order to enter into a superior proposal (as defined in “The Merger Agreement — No Solicitation”), subject to certain notice requirements and the requirement that SAFE pays a $63 million termination fee to STAR. The SAFE special committee evaluated, in consultation with its legal and financial advisors, the amount of termination fee payable by SAFE in circumstances specified in the merger agreement, and determined that such fee is reasonable and would not unduly impede the ability of a third party to make a superior proposal;

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that under certain circumstances, STAR will be required to pay SAFE a $63 million termination fee if the merger agreement is terminated because the STAR board of directors changes its recommendation in favor of the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement;

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the fact that if the merger does not close by September 30, 2023, SAFE will have an option to internalize STAR management;

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the commitment on the part of each of SAFE and STAR to complete the merger as reflected in their respective obligations under the terms of the merger agreement and the absence of any required government consents, and the likelihood that the merger will be completed on a timely basis and without the challenges frequently encountered integrating unrelated companies, based on, among other things, that STAR has managed SAFE and its assets since inception;

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that STAR has committed to vote 41.9% of the outstanding SAFE shares that it holds in favor of the merger, and against any action or agreement that could reasonably be expected to result in any condition to the consummation of the merger not being fulfilled, and against any action which could reasonably be expected to prevent or materially delay the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement;

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that the SAFE special committee consisted solely of independent and disinterested directors of SAFE with the full power and authority to consider and make recommendations to the SAFE board of directors in respect of any strategic transaction with STAR;

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that the merger agreement, the merger and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement were negotiated on an arm’s length basis between the SAFE special committee and its advisors, on the one hand, the STAR special committee and its advisors, on the other hand; and

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the other terms of the merger agreement, including representations, warranties and covenants of the parties, as well as the conditions to their respective obligations under the merger agreement.

The SAFE board of directors and the SAFE special committee also considered various risks and other potentially negative factors concerning the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the following:

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the exchange ratio will not fluctuate as a result of changes in the price of STAR common stock or SAFE common stock prior to the effective time of the merger, which means that the market value of the merger consideration could decrease prior to the effective time of the merger if the trading price of SAFE common stock decreases;

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the internalization of STAR’s management team and intellectual property involves a series of transactions and activities to internalize business operations within New SAFE, and there is no guarantee that the internalization will be successful or achieve the results that are expected;

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the risk that a different strategic alternative could prove to be more beneficial to SAFE stockholders than the merger;

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the ability of the STAR board of directors, under certain circumstances and subject to certain conditions specified in the merger agreement, to consider and respond to unsolicited bona fide acquisition proposals with respect to STAR and to engage in negotiations with persons making any

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such acquisition proposal and to terminate the merger agreement in order to enter into a superior proposal, subject to certain notice requirements and the requirement that STAR pays a $63 million termination fee to SAFE;

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the possibility that the merger or the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement may not be completed, or that their completion may be delayed for reasons that are beyond the control of SAFE or STAR, including the failure of SAFE stockholders or STAR stockholders to approve the merger, or the failure of SAFE or STAR to satisfy other requirements that are conditions to closing the merger;

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the risk that failure to complete the merger could negatively affect the price of SAFE common stock and/or the future business and financial results of SAFE;

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the potential diversion of management focus and resources from operational matters and other strategic opportunities while the merger is pending;

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the risk of not realizing all of the anticipated strategic and financial benefits of the merger within the expected time frame or at all and that SAFE stockholders will be subject to future financial, business and operational risks associated with New SAFE;

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the substantial costs to be incurred in connection with the transaction, including the transaction expenses arising from the merger;

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the terms of the merger agreement placing certain limitations on the ability of SAFE to initiate, solicit, propose or knowingly encourage or facilitate any inquiry or the making of any proposal or offer that constitutes, or would reasonably be expected to lead to, an acquisition proposal, or to provide any nonpublic information in connection with any inquiry, proposal or offer that would reasonably be expected to lead to an acquisition proposal (unless such third party has made an unsolicited bona fide written acquisition proposal that constitutes or is reasonably likely to result in a superior proposal and such third party enters into a confidentiality agreement with SAFE having provisions that are no less favorable to SAFE than those contained in the confidentiality agreement between SAFE and STAR);

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the obligation to pay STAR a termination fee of $63 million if the merger agreement is terminated under certain circumstances;

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the restrictions on the conduct of SAFE’s business between the date of the merger agreement and the effective time of the merger;

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the absence of appraisal rights for SAFE stockholders under Maryland law;

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that SAFE and STAR are affiliated entities with SAFE being managed by employees of STAR, and there are conflicts of interest inherent where the individuals who comprise the management teams of STAR and SAFE are assisting the STAR board in connection with the merger and providing certain assistance to SAFE; and

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the other factors described in the section entitled “Risk Factors.”

In addition to the factors described above, the SAFE board of directors and the SAFE special committee considered the fact that some of SAFE’s directors and executive officers have other interests in the merger that are different from, or in addition to, the interests of SAFE’s stockholders generally, as discussed in the section entitled “— Interests of SAFE’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger,” including the fact that two SAFE directors also serve as directors of STAR.

The above discussion of the factors considered by the SAFE board of directors and SAFE special committee is not intended to be exhaustive, but does set forth material factors considered by the SAFE board of directors and the SAFE special committee. In light of the wide variety of factors considered in connection with its evaluation of the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and the complexity of these matters, the SAFE board of directors and the SAFE special committee did not consider it practicable to, and did not attempt to, quantify or otherwise assign relative or specific weight or values to any of these factors, and individual directors may have held varied views of the relative importance of the factors considered. The SAFE board of directors and the SAFE special committee

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viewed its position and recommendation as being based on an overall review of the totality of the information available to it and considered these factors in the aggregate to be favorable to, and to support, its determination regarding the merger.

This explanation of SAFE’s reasons for the merger and other information presented in this section is forward-looking in nature and should be read in light of the section of this joint proxy statement/​prospectus entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

For the reasons set forth above, the SAFE board of directors determined that the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement are advisable and in the best interests of SAFE and approved the merger agreement. The SAFE board of directors recommends to SAFE’s stockholders that they vote “FOR” the SAFE merger proposal and “FOR” the SAFE adjournment proposal.

Opinion of the STAR Special Committee’s Financial Advisor, Lazard

The STAR Special Committee has retained Lazard to act as its financial advisor in connection with the related transactions (as defined below). In connection with this engagement, the STAR special committee requested that Lazard evaluate the fairness, from a financial point of view, to holders of STAR common stock (other than holders of excluded shares) of the shares of STAR common stock to be received by such holders by way of the reverse split and the common shares of SpinCo to be received by such holders in the spin-off (such shares of STAR common stock and common shares of SpinCo, together, the “transaction consideration”).

On August 10, 2022, at a meeting of the STAR special committee held to evaluate the related transactions agreements (as defined below) and the related transactions, Lazard rendered to the STAR special committee an oral opinion, which was confirmed by delivery of a written opinion dated August 10, 2022, to the effect that, as of that date and based on and subject to the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and qualifications and limitations on the review undertaken described in such opinion, the transaction consideration to be received by holders of STAR common stock (other than holders of excluded shares) in the related transactions was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders.

The full text of Lazard’s written opinion, dated August 10, 2022, which describes the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered, and qualifications and limitations on the review undertaken, is attached as Annex E and is incorporated by reference in this document. The summary of the written opinion of Lazard, dated August 10, 2022, set forth in this proxy statement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of Lazard’s opinion attached as Annex E. Lazard’s opinion was for the benefit of the STAR special committee (in its capacity as such) and Lazard’s opinion was rendered to the STAR special committee in connection with its evaluation of the related transactions and did not address any terms or other aspects (other than the transaction consideration to the extent expressly specified in Lazard’s opinion) of the related transactions. Lazard’s opinion did not address the relative merits of the related transactions compared to any other transaction or business strategy in which STAR might engage or the merits of the underlying decision by STAR to engage in the related transactions. Lazard’s opinion is not intended to and does not constitute a recommendation to any stockholder as to how such stockholder should vote or act with respect to the transactions or any matter relating thereto.

In connection with its opinion, Lazard, among other things:

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Reviewed the financial terms and conditions of the merger agreement, the SpinCo management agreement, the separation and distribution agreement, the governance agreement, the final commitment letters and term sheets for the term loan facility and the margin loan facility, the MSD stock purchase agreement, the MSD stockholder’s agreement, and the MSD registration rights agreement (collectively, the “related agreements”);

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Reviewed certain publicly available historical business and financial information relating to SAFE and STAR;

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Reviewed various financial forecasts and other data provided to Lazard by SAFE relating to the business of SAFE, financial forecasts and other data provided to Lazard by STAR relating to the business of STAR and SpinCo;

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•

Held discussions with members of the senior management of SAFE with respect to the businesses and prospects of SAFE, and members of the senior management of STAR and with respect to the businesses and prospects of STAR and SpinCo, respectively;

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Reviewed public information with respect to certain other companies in lines of business similar in certain respects to the businesses of STAR and SpinCo, respectively;

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Reviewed the financial terms of certain business combinations involving companies in lines of business similar in certain respects to a business of STAR;

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Reviewed historical stock prices and trading volumes of SAFE common stock and STAR common stock;

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Reviewed the potential pro forma financial impact of the Related Transactions on STAR based on the financial forecasts referred to above relating to SAFE, STAR and SpinCo; and

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Conducted such other financial studies, analyses and investigations as Lazard deemed appropriate.

Lazard assumed and relied upon the accuracy and completeness of the foregoing information, without independent verification of such information. Lazard did not conduct any independent valuation or appraisal of any of the assets or liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of SAFE, STAR or SpinCo or concerning the solvency or fair value of SAFE, STAR or SpinCo and Lazard was not furnished with any such valuation or appraisal. Management of STAR advised Lazard that, in the absence of the transactions, SAFE will continue to be externally managed and, accordingly, at the direction of the STAR special committee, Lazard utilized forecasts which assume such a management structure. With respect to the financial forecasts utilized in Lazard’s analyses, Lazard assumed, with the consent of the STAR special committee, that they had been reasonably prepared on bases reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments as to the future financial performance of SAFE, STAR and SpinCo, respectively. Lazard assumed no responsibility for and expressed no view as to any such forecasts or the assumptions on which they are based.

Further, Lazard’s opinion was necessarily based on economic, monetary, market and other conditions as in effect on, and the information made available to Lazard as of, the date of its opinion. Lazard assumed no responsibility for updating or revising its opinion based on circumstances or events occurring after the date of its opinion. Lazard did not express any opinion as to the prices at which shares of STAR common stock, SAFE common stock or SpinCo common stock may trade at any time subsequent to the announcement of the Related Transactions. In connection with Lazard’s engagement, Lazard was not authorized to, and did not, solicit indications of interest from third parties with respect to a potential transaction involving a portion of STAR and was not authorized to, and did not, solicit indications of interest from third parties regarding a potential transaction involving the whole company. In addition, Lazard’s opinion did not address the relative merits of the related transactions as compared to any other transaction or business strategy in which STAR might engage or the merits of the underlying decision by STAR to engage in the related transactions.

In addition, Lazard assumed, at the STAR special committee’s direction, that (i) STAR will realize approximately $409 million of asset sales, net of capital expenditures and loan fundings not related to leasehold loans, prior to the closing of the merger, (ii) STAR will continue to receive shares of SAFE common stock as payment under the existing management contract between SAFE and its manager, a wholly-owned subsidiary of STAR (the “existing management contract”), through closing of the merger, including payment of any accrued amounts at the time of closing, (iii) STAR’s iPIP plan will be settled at the closing of the related transactions using a portion of SAFE common stock held by STAR and such plan represented a liability of $172 million based on the 10-day VWAP of SAFE common stock as of August 2, 2022, (iv) STAR’s ground lease plus and leasehold loan assets will be acquired by SAFE for cash at the closing of the related transactions and have a projected value of $87 million including the cost of additional funded amounts through year-end 2022, (v) in the event the transactions do not close by year-end 2022, a tax distribution of approximately $250 million related to the gain on STAR’s net lease portfolio sale earlier in 2022 will be made to STAR’s stockholders and STAR’s interim cash flow in each subsequent quarter will be a loss of approximately $25 million, (vi) the secondary sale of $200 million of SAFE common stock held by STAR to MSD Partners is completed on the terms agreed in the MSD stock purchase agreement, (vii) the

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term loan facility and margin loan facility are provided on the terms agreed in the respective commitment letters (the foregoing clauses (i) to (vii), together with the transactions contemplated by the related agreements, the “related transactions”) and that (viii) the value of a share of New SAFE common stock immediately following the related transactions will be $41.38 based on the 10-day VWAP of SAFE common stock as of August 2, 2022 and after giving effect to the contemplated reverse split.

In rendering its opinion, Lazard assumed, with the consent of the STAR special committee, that the related transactions will be consummated on the terms described in the related agreements, without any waiver or modification of any material terms or conditions. Lazard also assumed, with the consent of the STAR special committee, that obtaining the necessary governmental, regulatory or third party approvals and consents for the Related Transactions will not have an adverse effect on STAR, SAFE, SpinCo or the related transactions. Lazard further assumed, with the consent of the STAR special committee, that the merger contemplated by the related transactions will qualify for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. Lazard did not express any opinion as to any tax or other consequences that might result from the related transactions, nor did Lazard’s opinion address any legal, tax, regulatory or accounting matters, as to which Lazard understood that the STAR special committee obtained such advice as it deemed necessary from qualified professionals. Lazard expressed no view or opinion as to any terms or other aspects (other than the transaction consideration to the extent expressly specified in Lazard’s opinion) of the related transactions, including, without limitation, the form or structure of the related transactions or any agreements or arrangements entered into in connection with, or contemplated by, the related transactions. In addition, Lazard expressed no view or opinion as to the fairness of the amount or nature of, or any other aspects relating to, the compensation to any officers, directors or employees of any parties to the related transactions, or class of such persons, relative to the transaction consideration or otherwise.

Summary of the Financial Analyses of the STAR Special Committee’s Financial Advisor

In preparing its opinion to the STAR special committee, Lazard performed a variety of financial and comparative analyses. The summary set forth below does not purport to be a complete description of the financial analyses performed or factors considered by Lazard, and underlying Lazard’s opinion, nor does the order of the financial analyses described represent the relative importance or weight given to those financial analyses. The preparation of a financial opinion or analysis is a complex process involving various determinations as to the most appropriate and relevant methods of financial analysis and the application of those methods to the particular circumstances and, therefore, a financial opinion or analysis is not readily susceptible to summary description. In arriving at its opinion, Lazard considered the results of all of the analyses undertaken by it and assessed as a whole and did not draw, in isolation, conclusions from or with regard to any particular factor or method of analysis considered by it. Rather, Lazard made its determination as to fairness on the basis of its experience and professional judgment after considering the results of all of the analyses. Accordingly, Lazard believes that its analyses and factors summarized below must be considered as a whole and in context. Lazard further believes that selecting portions of its analyses and factors or focusing on information presented in tabular format, without considering all analyses and factors or the narrative description of the analyses and factors, could create a misleading or incomplete view of the processes underlying its analyses and opinion.

In performing its analyses, Lazard considered industry performance, general business, economic, market and financial conditions and other matters, existing as of the date of its opinion, many of which are beyond the control of STAR. No company, business or transaction reviewed is identical or directly comparable to STAR, SAFE, SpinCo or their respective businesses or the related transactions. Accordingly, an evaluation of these analyses is not entirely mathematical. Rather, the analyses involve complex considerations and judgments concerning business, financial and operating characteristics and other factors that could affect the public trading, acquisition or other values of the companies, businesses or transactions reviewed or views regarding the comparability of such companies, businesses or transactions. Accordingly, such analyses may not necessarily include all companies, businesses or transactions that could be deemed relevant. The estimates of the future performance of STAR, SAFE, SpinCo in or underlying Lazard’s analyses and the ranges of valuations resulting from any particular analysis are not necessarily indicative of actual values or predictive of future results or values, which may be significantly more or less favorable than those estimates or those suggested by the analyses. These estimates are necessarily subject to uncertainty because,

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among other things, they are based upon numerous factors and events beyond the control of STAR, SAFE and their respective advisors.

In addition, analyses relating to the value of businesses or securities do not purport to be appraisals or to reflect the prices at which a company may actually be sold or the prices at which any securities have traded or may trade at any time in the future. Accordingly, the assumptions and estimates used in, and the ranges of valuations resulting from, any particular analysis described below are inherently subject to substantial uncertainty and should not be taken as the views of Lazard regarding the actual values of STAR, SAFE or SpinCo. Except as otherwise noted, the following quantitative information, to the extent that it is based on market data, is based on market data as it existed on or before August 2, 2022, and is not necessarily indicative of current market conditions.

Lazard did not recommend that any specific consideration constituted the only appropriate consideration in the Related Transactions. The merger exchange ratio and the STAR share consolidation ratio were determined through negotiations between the STAR special committee and SAFE special committee, rather than by any financial advisor, and were approved by the STAR special committee. The decision to enter into the related transactions agreements was solely that of the STAR board of directors based on the recommendation of the STAR special committee. Lazard’s opinion and analyses were only one of many factors considered by the STAR special committee in its evaluation of the related transactions and the transaction consideration and should not be viewed as determinative of the views of the STAR special committee or the STAR board of directors with respect to the related transactions or the transaction consideration.

Summary of the Financial Analyses of Lazard

The following is a summary of the material financial analyses presented by Lazard to, and reviewed with, the STAR special committee in connection with the opinion delivered by Lazard.

Some of the summaries of the financial analyses set forth below include information presented in tabular format. In order to fully understand the financial analyses, the tables must be read together with the text of each summary, as the tables alone do not constitute a complete description of the financial analyses performed by Lazard. Considering the data in the tables below without considering all financial analyses or factors or the full narrative description of such analyses or factors, including the methodologies and assumptions underlying such analyses or factors, could create a misleading or incomplete view of the processes underlying Lazard’s financial analyses and its opinion.

In performing its analyses, Lazard made numerous assumptions with respect to industry performance, general business and economic conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond the control of STAR, SAFE, SpinCo or any other parties to the transactions. None of STAR, SAFE, SpinCo or any of their respective affiliates or Lazard or any other person assumes responsibility if future results are materially different from those discussed. Any estimates contained in these analyses are not necessarily indicative of actual values or predictive of future results or values, which may be significantly more or less favorable than as set forth below. In addition, analyses relating to the value of STAR or SpinCo do not purport to be appraisals or reflect the prices at which STAR or SpinCo may actually be sold. Accordingly, the assumptions and estimates used in, and the results derived from, the financial analyses are inherently subject to substantial uncertainty. Except as otherwise noted, the following quantitative information, to the extent that it is based on market data, is based on market data as it existed on or before August 2, 2022, and is not necessarily indicative of current market conditions.

In determining the fairness of the transaction, Lazard primarily relied on a sum-of-the-parts valuation analysis of each of STAR and of the transaction consideration.

73

Sum-of-the-Parts Based Analysis of STAR

Lazard performed a sum-of-the-parts analysis of STAR. STAR is made up of the following parts:

•

SAFE common stock;

•

ground lease plus and leasehold loan assets;

•

certain assets identified for near-term sale;

•

legacy assets expected to be contributed to SpinCo; and

•

the existing management contract between SAFE and its manager, a wholly-owned subsidiary of STAR.

Lazard performed a discounted cash flow analysis in respect of each of the existing management contract and legacy assets. In respect of the other parts of STAR, STAR management provided the following values for Lazard to use in its analysis, with the value per share of STAR common stock being calculated based on 86,343,433 projected fully diluted shares of STAR common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2022, as provided by STAR management as of August 2, 2022 (the “STAR share count”):

•

40.4 million shares of SAFE common stock owned by STAR as of December 31, 2022, being $19.38 per share of STAR common stock based on the assumed value of $41.38 for each share of SAFE common stock based on the 10-day VWAP of SAFE common stock as of August 2, 2022

•

$87 million for the ground lease plus and leasehold loan assets including the cost of additional funded amounts through year-end 2022, being $1.01 per share of STAR common stock; and

•

approximately $409 million for the assets identified for near-team sale based on asset sales, net of capital expenditures and loan fundings not related to leasehold loans, prior to the closing of the related transactions, being $4.74 per share of STAR common stock.

Legacy Assets

A discounted cash flow analysis is a valuation methodology used to derive an intrinsic valuation of an entity by calculating the present value of its estimated future cash flows. “Future cash flows” refers to projected unlevered free cash flows of an entity. “Present value” refers to the current value of future cash flows or amounts and is obtained by discounting the future cash flows or amounts by a discount rate that is intended to take into account macroeconomic assumptions and estimates of risk, the opportunity cost of capital, capital structure, expected returns and other appropriate factors.

Lazard calculated the discounted cash flow value for the legacy assets as the sum of the net present value, as of December 31, 2022, of each of:

•

the estimated future cash flows that the legacy assets are expected by STAR management to generate for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2026; and

•

the sale of all remaining legacy assets in December 2026, as provided by STAR management.

The following is a summary of the unlevered free cash flow projections, based on STAR management projections and used in the discounted cash flow analysis:

​	2023E			2024E			2025E			2026E						Cumulative Cash Flows
($ in MMs)										Jan – Nov			Dec(a)
Hotel Assets	​	$	3.0	​	$	2.8	​	$	2.9	​	$	2.9	​	$	60.2	​	$	71.8
Other Operating Properties	​	​	(0.7)	​	​	(0.5)	​	​	(0.8)	​	​	(0.6)	​	​	4.9	​	​	2.3
Net Operating Asset Cash Flows(b)	​	$	2.3	​	$	2.3	​	$	2.1	​	$	2.3	​	$	65.2	​	$	74.1
Land-Related Asset Sales	​	$	106.5	​	$	75.8	​	$	107.3	​	$	44.6	​	$	8.7	​	$	343.0
Capex on Land Assets(c)	​	​	(28.9)	​	​	(21.2)	​	​	(3.5)	​	​	8.6	​	​	—	​	​	(45.0)
Land Carry Costs, net	​	​	(12.1)	​	​	(13.7)	​	​	(17.3)	​	​	(3.4)	​	​	(0.2)	​	​	(46.8)

74

​	2023E			2024E			2025E			2026E						Cumulative Cash Flows
($ in MMs)										Jan – Nov			Dec(a)
Land Assets, Net of Capex / Carry	​	$	65.5	​	$	40.9	​	$	86.4	​	$	49.8	​	$	8.5	​	$	251.1
Corporate Income (Tax) / Benefit	​	$	(1.0)	​	$	(1.0)	​	$	(1.0)	​	$	(0.8)	​	$	(0.3)	​	$	(4.1)
STAR G&A, net (incl. SBC)(d)	​	​	(27.8)	​	​	(23.7)	​	​	(17.2)	​	​	(16.6)	​	​	(1.5)	​	​	(86.8)
Other Cash Flows(e)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(2.9)	​	​	(2.9)
Corporate Overhead	​	$	(28.9)	​	$	(24.8)	​	$	(18.2)	​	$	(17.4)	​	$	(4.6)	​	$	(93.8)
Total Unlevered Cash Flows	​	$	38.9	​	$	18.3	​	$	70.3	​	$	34.7	​	$	69.1	​	$	231.4

(a)

Broken out to illustrate assumed sale proceeds on 12/31/2026 (i.e., projected wind-down date).

(b)

Cash flows include proceeds from projected asset sales, which are primarily reflected in December 2026 cash flow.

(c)

Net cash inflows reflect reimbursements.

(d)

Excludes (i) net standalone cost to run SAFE due to inclusion in valuation of existing management contract and (ii) any projected go-forward stock-based compensation related to iPIP due to iPIP’s inclusion as a separate liability.

(e)

Reflects settlement of Other Assets and (Liabilities).

Lazard then selected and applied a range of premium and discount of +20% and -20% to the projected cash inflows of the legacy assets, as provided by STAR management. Lazard selected the range of cash inflows based on its professional judgment and experience to reflect the potential variability in the amount of projected cash flows, including the projected asset sale proceeds. Lazard also presented a range of premium and discount of up to +30% and -30% to the projected cash inflows of the legacy assets, as provided by STAR management to the STAR Special Committee for informational purposes only and did not provide the basis for the rendering of Lazard’s opinion.

For its discounted cash flow calculations, Lazard applied discount rates ranging from 8.5% to 10.5% to the legacy assets future cash flows, as provided by STAR management. Such discount rates were based on Lazard’s estimated range of the weighted average cost of capital for the Legacy Assets, derived from a number of factors using the Capital Asset Pricing Model, taking into account certain metrics, including, among others, the applicable risk-free rate of return, unlevered risk profile, cost of long-term debt and leverage ratio of the legacy assets within a status quo STAR and the respective select comparable entities.

Lazard divided the resulting value range by the STAR Share Count to estimate an implied gross value per share.

Implied Gross Value Per Share of STAR common stock

$1.06 – $3.09

Existing SAFE/STAR Management Contract

Lazard calculated the discounted cash flow value for the existing management contract as the sum of the net present value, as of December 31, 2022, of each of:

•

the estimated total profit that the existing management contract is expected by management of STAR to generate for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2026; and

•

the estimated value of the existing management contract at the end of 2026, or the terminal value.

75

The following is a summary of the profit projections, based on STAR management projections and used in the discounted cash flow analysis:

​	2023E			2024E			2025E			2026E
Contractual Management Fees	​	$	23.0	​	$	26.2	​	$	28.8	​	$	32.1
Less: Net Standalone Cost to Run	​	​	(18.7)	​	​	(19.0)	​	​	(19.4)	​	​	(19.8)
Total Pre-Tax Profit	​	$	4.3	​	$	7.1	​	$	9.4	​	$	12.3
Less: Taxes at Illustrative 25.0% Rate	​	​	(1.1)	​	​	(1.8)	​	​	(2.4)	​	​	(3.1)
Total Profit	​	$	3.2	​	$	5.4	​	$	7.1	​	$	9.2

For its discounted cash flow calculations, Lazard applied discount rates ranging from 10.0% to 12.5% to the total profit for the management agreement, as provided by STAR management. Such discount rates were based on Lazard’s estimated range of the weighted average cost of capital for the existing management contract, derived from a number of factors using the Capital Asset Pricing Model, taking into account certain metrics, including, among others, the applicable risk-free rate of return, unlevered risk profile, cost of long-term debt and leverage ratio of the existing management contract within a status quo STAR and the respective select comparable entities.

Lazard calculated the terminal value for the existing management contract by applying perpetuity growth rates in the range of 1.0% to 5.0%. The range of perpetuity growth rates was selected by Lazard in its professional judgment, which was partially informed by reference to the observed historical net equity issuance for select triple net REITs of a similar size as SAFE over a recent 10-year period.

Lazard divided the resulting value range by the STAR Share Count to estimate an implied gross value per share.

Implied Gross Value Per Share of STAR common stock

$0.80 – $1.75

Excess Overhead Beyond 2026E

Lazard calculated the discounted cash flow value for STAR’s corporate expense overhead beyond December 31, 2026 not otherwise allocated to the terminal value of the management agreement or through the projected expense reimbursement from SAFE back to STAR.

For its discounted cash flow calculations, Lazard applied discount rates ranging from 10.0% to 12.5% to the total excess expenses at the end of 2026, as provided by STAR management, and subsequently capitalized assuming a go-forward expense growth rate of 2.0% and applicable discount rates. Such discount rates were based on Lazard’s estimated range of the weighted average cost of capital for the existing management contract, derived from a number of factors using the Capital Asset Pricing Model, taking into account certain metrics, including, among others, the applicable risk-free rate of return, unlevered risk profile, cost of long-term debt and leverage ratio of the management agreement within a status quo STAR and the respective select comparable entities.

Lazard divided the resulting value range by the STAR share count to estimate an implied gross value per share.

Implied Gross Cost Per Share of STAR common stock

($0.93) to ($1.34)

Summation

From this analysis, Lazard estimated an implied equity value range for STAR by taking the sum of value ranges for the legacy assets and existing management contract, and adding the values of SAFE common stock owned by STAR, ground lease plus and leasehold loan assets and certain assets identified for near-term sale, as provided by STAR management.

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Lazard then added other assets (net of other liabilities) not allocated to SpinCo and subtracted (i) the liability relating to STAR’s performance incentive plan (“iPIP”) at its marked-to-market value assuming the SAFE share portion of the iPIP was realized at the 10-day VWAP of SAFE shares as of August 2, 2022, (ii) the outstanding principal amount and interest of STAR’s senior notes, (iii) STAR’s trust preferred securities due 2035, (iv) the excess overhead beyond 2026E and (v) the liquidation value of STAR’s preferred equity, in each case based on information provided by STAR management reflecting a transaction date of December 31, 2022 and divided by the STAR share count to provide values per share of STAR common stock.

This provided an estimated implied price range per share of STAR common stock.

Implied Price Range Per Share of STAR common stock

$14.34 – $16.91

Sum-of-the-Parts Analysis of Transaction Consideration

Lazard performed a sum-of-the-parts analysis of the transaction consideration, which consists of (i) SAFE common stock and (ii) SpinCo common stock.

SAFE Shares

Based on information provided by STAR management, Lazard assumed that STAR would own approximately 22.0 million shares of SAFE common stock, after giving effect to the contribution of shares of SAFE common stock to SpinCo, the settlement of the iPIP liability and the sale of shares of SAFE common stock to MSD, which when combined with the upward adjustment of approximately 1.2 million shares of SAFE common stock in respect of the existing management contract and multiplied by the assumed value of $41.38 for each share of SAFE common stock immediately following the related transactions, based on the 10-day VWAP of SAFE common stock as of August 2, 2022, represents an aggregate value of approximately $962 million, being $11.14 per share of STAR common stock based on the STAR share count.

SpinCo

Lazard performed a sum-of-the-parts analysis of SpinCo. SpinCo will own (i) certain legacy assets and (ii) SAFE common stock.

Lazard assumed that SpinCo would hold approximately 9.7 million shares of SAFE common stock immediately following the merger, which represents approximately $400 million at the assumed value of $41.38 for each share of SAFE common stock immediately following the related transactions, based on the 10-day VWAP of SAFE common stock as of August 2, 2022, and being $4.63 per share of STAR common stock based on the STAR share count.

Lazard calculated the discounted cash flow value for the legacy assets as the sum of the net present value, as of December 31, 2022, of each of:

•

the estimated future cash flows that the legacy assets are expected by STAR management to generate for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2026; and

•

the sale of all remaining legacy assets in December 2026, as provided by STAR management.

The following is a summary of the unlevered free cash flow projections, based on STAR management projections and used in the discounted cash flow analysis:

​	2023E			2024E			2025E			2026E						Cumulative Cash Flow
($ in MMs)										Jan – Nov			Dec(a)
Hotel Assets	​	$	3.0	​	$	2.8	​	$	2.9	​	$	2.9	​	$	60.2	​	$	71.8
Other Operating Properties	​	​	(0.7)	​	​	(0.5)	​	​	(0.8)	​	​	(0.6)	​	​	4.9	​	​	2.3
Net Operating Asset Cash Flows(b)	​	$	2.3	​	$	2.3	​	$	2.1	​	$	2.3	​	$	65.2	​	$	74.1
Land-Related Asset Sales	​	$	106.5	​	$	75.8	​	$	107.3	​	$	44.6	​	$	8.7	​	$	343.0

77

​	2023E			2024E			2025E			2026E						Cumulative Cash Flow
($ in MMs)										Jan – Nov			Dec(a)
Capex on Land Assets(c)	​	​	(28.9)	​	​	(21.2)	​	​	(3.5)	​	​	8.6	​	​	—	​	​	(45.0)
Land Carry Costs, net	​	​	(12.1)	​	​	(13.7)	​	​	(17.3)	​	​	(3.4)	​	​	(0.2)	​	​	(46.8)
Land Assets, Net of Capex / Carry	​	$	65.5	​	$	40.9	​	$	86.4	​	$	49.8	​	$	8.5	​	$	251.1
Reverse Management Fee	​	$	(25.0)	​	$	(15.0)	​	$	(10.0)	​	$	(4.6)	​	$	(0.4)	​	$	(55.0)
Corporate Income (Tax) / Benefit	​	​	(1.0)	​	​	(1.0)	​	​	(1.0)	​	​	(0.8)	​	​	(0.3)	​	​	(4.1)
Public Company Costs	​	​	(3.0)	​	​	(3.0)	​	​	(3.0)	​	​	(2.8)	​	​	(0.3)	​	​	(12.0)
Other Cash Flows(d)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(2.9)	​	​	(2.9)
Other Corporate Cash Flows	​	$	(29.0)	​	$	(19.0)	​	$	(14.0)	​	$	(8.1)	​	$	(3.8)	​	$	(74.0)
Total Unlevered Cash Flows	​	$	38.7	​	$	24.1	​	$	74.5	​	$	44.0	​	$	69.9	​	$	251.2

(a)

Broken out to illustrate assumed sale proceeds on 12/31/2026 (i.e., projected wind-down date).

(b)

Cash flows include proceeds from projected asset sales, which are primarily reflected in Dec 2026 cash flow.

(c)

Net cash inflows reflect reimbursements.

(d)

Reflects settlement of Other Assets and (Liabilities)

Lazard then selected and applied a range of premium and discount of +20% and -20% to the projected cash inflows of the legacy assets, as provided by STAR management. Lazard selected the range of cash inflows based on its professional judgment and experience to reflect the potential variability in the amount of projected cash flows, including the projected asset sale proceeds. Lazard also presented a range of premium and discount of up to +30% and -30% to the projected cash inflows of the legacy assets, as provided by STAR management, to the STAR special committee for informational purposes only and did not provide the basis for the rendering of Lazard’s opinion.

For its discounted cash flow calculations, Lazard applied discount rates ranging from 7.5% to 9.5% to the legacy assets future cash flows, as provided by STAR management. Such discount rates were based on Lazard’s estimated range of the weighted average cost of capital for the Legacy Assets, derived from a number of factors using the Capital Asset Pricing Model, taking into account certain metrics, including, among others, the applicable risk-free rate of return, unlevered risk profile, cost of long-term debt and leverage ratio of the legacy assets within SpinCo and the respective select comparable entities.

Lazard divided the resulting value range by the STAR share count to estimate an implied gross value per share.

Implied Gross Value Per Share of STAR common stock

$1.27 – $3.32

Summation

From this analysis, Lazard estimated an implied value range for the common stock merger consideration by taking the value range for the legacy assets of SpinCo and adding the values of SAFE common stock to be received directly by holders of STAR common stock and to be held by SpinCo, based on information provided by STAR management.

Lazard then subtracted the net debt of SpinCo after giving effect to projected $30.5 million of excess cash raised by STAR that would be allocated to SpinCo as provided by STAR management as of December 31, 2022 and divided by the STAR share count to provide values per share of STAR common stock.

This provided an estimated implied common stock merger consideration value range per share of STAR common stock.

Implied Common Stock Merger Consideration Value Range Per Share of STAR common stock

$15.20 – $17.25

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Other Factors

The analyses and data described below were presented to the STAR special committee for informational purposes only and did not provide the basis for the rendering of Lazard’s opinion.

STAR Trading History

To illustrate the trend in the historical trading prices of STAR common stock, Lazard considered, for informational purposes, historical data with regard to the trading prices of STAR common stock. In particular, Lazard noted that for the 52-week period from August 3, 2021 to August 2, 2022 the price of STAR common stock ranged from $13.70 per share to $27.26 per share.

STAR Analyst Price Targets

Lazard summarized analyst views and recommendations on STAR and reviewed, as of August 2, 2022, the price targets of STAR common stock published by research analysts associated with various Wall Street firms provided by STAR’s management to Lazard. The research analysts’ price targets of STAR common stock ranged from $17.00 per share to $37.00 per share. The share price targets published by such equity research analysts reflect analyst’s estimates of the future public market trading price of the shares of STAR common stock at the time the price target was published. Public market trading price targets do not necessarily reflect the current market trading price for STAR common stock and these estimates are subject to uncertainties, including future financial performance of STAR and future market conditions.

SAFE Trading History

To illustrate the trend in the historical trading prices of SAFE common stock, Lazard considered, for informational purposes, historical data with regard to the trading prices of SAFE common stock. In particular, Lazard noted that for the 52-week period from August 3, 2021 to August 2, 2022 the price of SAFE common stock ranged from $34.06 per share to $94.40 per share.

SAFE Analyst Price Targets

Lazard summarized analyst views and recommendations on SAFE and reviewed, as of August 2, 2022, the price targets of SAFE common stock published by research analysts associated with various Wall Street firms provided by SAFE’s management to Lazard. The research analysts’ price targets of SAFE common stock ranged from $46.00 per share to $98.00 per share. The share price targets published by such equity research analysts reflect analyst’s estimates of the future public market trading price of the shares of SAFE common stock at the time the price target was published. Public market trading price targets do not necessarily reflect the current market trading price for SAFE common stock and these estimates are subject to uncertainties, including future financial performance of SAFE and future market conditions.

SAFE Analyst Estimates of Net Asset Value

Lazard summarized analyst views and recommendations on SAFE and reviewed, as of August 2, 2022, the estimates of net asset value published by research analysts associated with various Wall Street firms provided by SAFE’s management to Lazard. The research analysts’ estimate of SAFE’s net asset value ranged from $24.69 per share to $49.80 per share. The net asset value estimates published by such equity research analysts reflect analyst’s estimates at the time the estimate was published. Net asset value estimates do not necessarily reflect the current net asset values for SAFE common stock and these estimates are subject to uncertainties, including future financial performance of SAFE and future market conditions.

Precedent Transaction Analysis

Lazard reviewed and compared the management fees and financial multiples paid in twenty two (22) selected REIT internalization transactions that Lazard, based on its experience with merger and acquisition transactions, deemed relevant.

Although none of the precedent transactions or the companies party to such transactions is directly comparable to the Related Transactions, SAFE, STAR or SpinCo, the Lazard precedent transactions were

79

chosen because certain aspects of the precedent transactions, for purposes of this analysis and based on the professional judgment and experience of Lazard, may be relevant to the calculation of the value of the management agreement as part of Lazard’s sum-of-the-parts analysis of STAR. The analyses necessarily involve complex considerations and judgments concerning differences in financial and operational characteristics of the companies involved, the terms of the external management agreements in effect prior to each internalization transaction and other factors that could affect the precedent transactions differently than they would affect the STAR management agreement as part of Lazard’s sum-of-the-parts analysis of STAR.

For each of these selected REIT internalization transactions, using publicly available information, Lazard calculated and analyzed multiples of the management fee and cost savings, in each case, represented by the annualized management fees in place and cost savings projected to be realized, in each case following the closing of the transaction. The following table sets forth the transactions analyzed based on such characteristics, the date each transaction was announced and the results of such analysis.

​

External Manager

Date Ann’d

Aggregate Consid.(a)

Annualized

Transaction Multiple

($ in MMs) REIT

Mgmt. Fee

Cost Savings

Mgmt. Fee

Cost Savings

Rithm Capital (fka New Residential Investment)

Fortress

Jun-22

​

$

400

​

$

101

​

$

63

​

4.0x

​

6.4x

Colony Credit Real Estate

CLNC Manager

Apr-21

​

102

​

29

​

15

​

3.5x

​

6.8x

Resource REITs I, II & III(b)

C-III Capital Partners

Sep-20

​

135

​

31

​

24

​

4.4x

​

5.6x

Steadfast Apartment REIT

Steadfast REIT Investments

Sep-20

​

125

​

48

​

21

​

2.6x

​

6.0x

Carter Validus Mission Critical REIT II

Carter Validus REIT Management II

Jul-20

​

40

​

24

​

18

​

1.7x

​

2.2x

Global Medical REIT

Inter-American Management

Jul-20

​

18

​

8

​

n/a

​

2.2x

​

n/a

Two Harbors(c)

Pine River Capital Mgmt.

Apr-20

​

n/a

​

70

​

42

​

n/a

​

n/a

Granite Point Mortgage Trust

Pine River Capital Mgmt.

Mar-20

​

45

​

15

​

n/a

​

2.9x

​

n/a

Annaly Capital Management

Annaly Mgmt. Company

Feb-20

​

—

​

171

​

n/a

​

n/a

​

n/a

Preferred Apartment Communities

Preferred Apartment Advisors / NMP Advisors

Feb-20

​

154

​

32

​

32

​

4.8x

​

4.8x

Jernigan Capital

JCAP Advisors

Dec-19

​

32

​

8

​

18

​

3.8x

​

1.8x

Broadstone Net Lease

Broadstone Real Estate

Nov-19

​

206

​

30

​

25

​

6.8x

​

8.2x

Carey Watermark Investors I & II

Watermark Capital Partners / W.P. Carey

Oct-19

​

125

​

n/a

​

30

​

n/a

​

4.2x

New Senior

Fortress

Nov-18

​

50

​

15

​

10

​

3.3x

​

5.0x

Drive Shack

Fortress

Dec-17

​

11

​

10

​

2

​

1.0x

​

5.4x

Bluerock Residential

BRG Manager

Aug-17

​

41

​

12

​

4

​

3.6x

​

10.9x

Independence Realty Trust

RAIT Financial Trust

Sep-16

​

43

​

7

​

2

​

5.8x

​

19.1x

Milestone

TMG Partners LP

Jul-16

​

107

​

13

​

10

​

8.5x

​

11.2x

American Capital Agency Corp.(d)

American Capital

May-16

​

562

​

123

​

80

​

4.6x

​

7.0x

City Office REIT

City Office Real Estate Management

Nov-15

​

4

​

1

​

1

​

3.0x

​

2.7x

Silver Bay Realty Trust

Pine River Mgmt. / Provident RE Advisors

Aug-14

​

31

​

9

​

6

​

3.3x

​

5.2x

Inland American Real Estate

Inland American Manager

Mar-14

​

—

​

38

​

n/a

​

n/a

​

n/a

75th Percentile

​

​

​

$

125

​

$

38

​

$

28

​

4.5x

​

7.0x

Median

​

​

​

45

​

24

​

18

​

3.6x

​

5.6x

25th Percentile

​

​

​

31

​

10

​

8

​

3.0x

​

4.8x

80

(a)

Excludes assumed debt where applicable and any potential earn-out consideration.

(b)

Cost savings represent all-in expected annual operational synergies.

(c)

Two Harbors originally announced termination consideration of ~$144MM for a ~3.4x cost savings multiple. Two Harbors subsequently announced a termination for cause for which no termination fee would be payable, and is subject to pending litigation.

(d)

Acquisition included entity that managed external party as well. Annualized management fee and cost savings include ~$15MM related to projected third party fee income.

Precedent Transaction Analysis — Management Fee Multiple

Based on its professional judgment and experience, and taking into consideration the observed management fee multiples for the precedent transactions, Lazard then applied a selected a range of management fee multiples of 3.0x to 4.5x, based on Lazard’s professional judgment and experience, to STAR’s projected annualized Q4 2022 management fee. Lazard then calculated a value per STAR share range based on the STAR share count. This provided a value range of $0.73 to $1.10 per share of STAR common stock.

Precedent Transaction Analysis — Cost Savings Multiple Based on an Externally Managed SAFE

Based on its professional judgment and experience, and taking into consideration the observed cost savings rates for the precedent transactions, Lazard then applied a selected a range of cost savings rates of 5.0x to 7.0x, based on Lazard’s professional judgment and experience, to SAFE’s projected estimated pre-tax cost savings for 2023 of approximately $4.3 million assuming a status quo, externally managed, SAFE corporate structure. Lazard then calculated the cost saving per share of STAR common stock based on the STAR share count. This provided a range of cost savings of $0.25 to $0.35 per share of STAR common stock.

Precedent Transaction Analysis — Cost Savings Multiple Based on an Upsized Equity Issuance (the “Internalized SAFE Case”)

Based on its professional judgment and experience, and taking into consideration the observed cost savings rates for the precedent transactions, Lazard then applied a selected a range of cost savings rates of 5.0x to 7.0x, based on Lazard’s professional judgment and experience, to SAFE’s upsized equity issuance case estimated pre-tax cost savings for 2023 of approximately $8.4 million, which reflected profits assuming SAFE had raised equity as an internally-managed company with more widely distributed equity float. This case was observed solely for reference due to the lack of applicability to STAR’s status quo business plan. Lazard then calculated the cost saving per share of STAR common stock based on the STAR Share Count. This provided a range of cost savings of $0.48 to $0.68 per share of STAR common stock.

Management Agreement — Discounted Cash Flow Analysis (Internalized SAFE Case)

Lazard calculated the discounted cash flow value for the management agreement as the sum of the net present value, as of December 31, 2022, of each of:

•

the estimated total profit that the management contract would be expected by management of STAR to generate in its internalized SAFE case for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2026; and

•

the estimated value of the management contract at the end of 2026, or the terminal value.

The following is a summary of the profit projections, based on STAR management projections in the internalized SAFE case and used in the discounted cash flow analysis:

​	2023E			2024E			2025E			2026E
Contractual Management Fees	​	$	27.0	​	$	33.2	​	$	39.9	​	$	48.8
Less: Net Standalone Cost to Run	​	​	(18.7)	​	​	(19.0)	​	​	(19.4)	​	​	(19.8)
Total Pre-Tax Profit	​	$	8.4	​	$	14.2	​	$	20.5	​	$	29.0

81

​

2023E

2024E

2025E

2026E

Less: Taxes at Illustrative 25.0% Rate

​

​

(2.1)

​

​

(3.5)

​

​

(5.1)

​

​

(7.2)

Total Profit

​

$

6.3

​

$

10.6

​

$

15.4

​

$

21.7

For its discounted cash flow calculations, Lazard applied discount rates ranging from 10.0% to 12.5% to the total profit for the management agreement, as provided by STAR management. Such discount rates were based on its estimated range of the weighted average cost of capital for the management contract, derived from a number of factors using the Capital Asset Pricing Model, taking into account certain metrics, including, among others, the applicable risk-free rate of return, unlevered risk profile, cost of long-term debt and leverage ratio of the management agreement and the respective select comparable entities. This case was observed solely for reference due to the lack of applicability to STAR’s status quo business plan.

Lazard calculated the terminal value for the management agreement by applying perpetuity growth rates in the range of 1.0% to 5.0%. The range of perpetuity growth rates was selected by Lazard in its professional judgment, which was partially informed by reference to the observed historical net equity issuance for select triple net REITs of a similar size as SAFE over a recent 10-year period.

Lazard divided the resulting value range by the STAR share count to estimate an implied gross value per share. This provided a range of implied gross value per share of STAR common stock of $1.85 to $4.10.

Miscellaneous.   Lazard, as part of its investment banking business, is continually engaged in the valuation of businesses and their securities in connection with mergers and acquisitions, negotiated underwritings, secondary distributions of listed and unlisted securities, private placements, leveraged buyouts, and valuations for estate, corporate and other purposes. In the two-year period prior to the date of Lazard’s opinion, Lazard has provided certain investment banking services to STAR, for which Lazard received compensation, including in respect of certain shareholder and capital structure matters and a lender consent solicitation for which Lazard received aggregate fees of approximately $2 million. In the two-year period prior to the date of Lazard’s opinion, Lazard has not been engaged to provide financial advisory or other services to SAFE and Lazard has not received any compensation from SAFE during this period. In addition, in the ordinary course, Lazard and its affiliates and employees may trade securities of STAR, SAFE and certain of their respective affiliates for their own accounts and for the accounts of their customers and, accordingly, may at any time hold a long or short position in such securities, and may also trade and hold securities on behalf of STAR, SAFE and certain of their respective affiliates.

The STAR special committee selected Lazard as its financial advisor in connection with the transactions based on Lazard’s reputation, qualification and experience and knowledge of STAR’s business and affairs and the industry in which it operates. Lazard is an internationally recognized investment banking firm that has substantial experience in transactions similar to the related transactions.

In connection with Lazard’s services as a financial advisor to the STAR special committee, STAR agreed to pay Lazard an aggregate fee of between $15 million and $20 million depending on the transaction value at the time of closing; however, such amount may be increased in the exercise of the special committee’s discretion. Of the aggregate fee, up to an aggregate of $1.75 million is payable as quarterly retainer fees and $2.0 million became payable upon the rendering of Lazard’s fairness opinion and the balance is contingent on the closing of the related transactions. In addition, STAR has agreed to reimburse certain of Lazard’s expenses arising, and to indemnify Lazard against certain liabilities that may arise, out of Lazard’s engagement.

Opinion of the SAFE Special Committee’s Financial Advisor, J.P. Morgan

Pursuant to an engagement letter, SAFE retained J.P. Morgan as financial advisor to the SAFE special committee in connection with the SAFE transactions.

At the meeting of the SAFE special committee on August 10, 2022, J.P. Morgan rendered its oral opinion to the SAFE special committee that, as of such date and based upon and subject to the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken by J.P. Morgan in preparing its opinion, the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock in the SAFE

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transactions was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders. J.P. Morgan confirmed its August 10, 2022 oral opinion by delivering its written opinion, dated as of August 10, 2022 to the SAFE special committee that, as of such date, the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock in the SAFE transactions was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders.

The full text of the written opinion of J.P. Morgan, dated as of August 10, 2022, which sets forth, among other things, the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken by J.P. Morgan in preparing its opinion, is attached as Annex F to this joint proxy statement/prospectus and is incorporated herein by reference. The summary of the opinion of J.P. Morgan set forth in this joint proxy statement/prospectus is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of such opinion. Holders of SAFE common stock are urged to read the opinion in its entirety. J.P. Morgan’s opinion was addressed to the SAFE special committee (in its capacity as such) in connection with and for the purposes of its evaluation of the SAFE transactions, was directed only to the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock in the SAFE transactions and did not address any other aspect of the SAFE transactions. J.P. Morgan expressed no opinion as to the fairness of the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock in connection with the SAFE transactions to the holders of any other class of securities, creditors or other constituencies of SAFE or as to the underlying decision by SAFE to engage in the SAFE transactions. The issuance of J.P. Morgan’s opinion was approved by a fairness committee of J.P. Morgan. The opinion does not constitute a recommendation to any shareholder of SAFE as to how such shareholder should vote with respect to the SAFE transactions or any other matter.

In arriving at its opinion, J.P. Morgan, among other things:

•

reviewed a draft dated August 10, 2022 of the merger agreement;

•

reviewed certain publicly available business and financial information concerning SAFE and STAR and the industries in which they operate;

•

reviewed certain internal financial analyses and forecasts prepared by management relating to the businesses of SAFE and STAR, as well as the estimated amount and timing of the cost savings and related expenses and synergies expected to result from the SAFE transactions (the “synergies”); and

•

performed such other financial studies and analyses and considered such other information as J.P. Morgan deemed appropriate for the purposes of its opinion.

In addition, J.P. Morgan held discussions with certain members of the management of SAFE and STAR with respect to certain aspects of the SAFE transactions, and the past and current business operations of SAFE and STAR, the financial condition and future prospects and operations of SAFE and STAR, the effects of the SAFE transactions on the financial condition and future prospects of SAFE and STAR, and certain other matters J.P. Morgan believed necessary or appropriate to its inquiry.

In giving its opinion, J.P. Morgan relied upon and assumed the accuracy and completeness of all information that was publicly available or was furnished to or discussed with J.P. Morgan by SAFE or STAR or otherwise reviewed by or for J.P. Morgan, including the value of STAR’s ground lease adjacent investments and the SpinCo term loan facility. J.P. Morgan did not independently verify any such information or its accuracy or completeness, and pursuant to J.P. Morgan’s engagement letter with SAFE, J.P. Morgan did not assume any obligation to undertake any such independent verification. J.P. Morgan did not conduct and was not provided with any valuation or appraisal of any assets or liabilities, nor did J.P. Morgan evaluate the solvency of SAFE or STAR under any state or federal laws relating to bankruptcy, insolvency or similar matters. In relying on financial analyses and forecasts provided to J.P. Morgan or derived therefrom, including the synergies, J.P. Morgan assumed that they were reasonably prepared based on assumptions reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments by management as to the expected future results of operations and financial condition of SAFE and STAR to which such analyses or forecasts relate. J.P. Morgan expressed no view as to such analyses or forecasts (including the synergies) or the assumptions on which they were based. J.P. Morgan also assumed that the SpinCo term loan facility will be issued at par value and the merger will qualify as a tax-free reorganization for United States federal income tax purposes, and will be consummated as described in the merger agreement, and that the definitive merger agreement will not differ in any material respects from the draft thereof furnished to it. J.P. Morgan also assumed that the representations and warranties made by SAFE and STAR in the merger agreement and the related agreements

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were and will be true and correct in all respects material to its analysis. J.P. Morgan is not a legal, regulatory or tax expert and relied on the assessments made by advisors to SAFE with respect to such issues. J.P. Morgan further assumed that all material governmental, regulatory or other consents and approvals necessary for the consummation of the SAFE transactions will be obtained without any adverse effect on SAFE or STAR or on the contemplated benefits of the SAFE transactions.

The projections furnished to J.P. Morgan were prepared by management at the direction of the SAFE special committee, as discussed more fully under the section entitled “SAFE Unaudited Prospective Financial Information”, beginning on page 88 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus. SAFE does not publicly disclose internal management projections of the type provided to J.P. Morgan in connection with J.P. Morgan’s analysis of the SAFE transactions, and such projections were not prepared with a view toward public disclosure. Such projections were based on numerous variables and assumptions that are inherently uncertain and may be beyond the control of management, including, without limitation, factors related to general economic and competitive conditions and prevailing interest rates. Accordingly, actual results could vary significantly from those set forth in such projections. For more information regarding such projections and other prospective financial information, please refer to the section entitled “SAFE Unaudited Prospective Financial Information”, beginning on page 88 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

J.P. Morgan’s opinion was necessarily based on economic, market and other conditions as in effect on, and the information made available to J.P. Morgan as of, the date of such opinion. J.P. Morgan’s opinion noted that subsequent developments may affect J.P. Morgan’s opinion and that J.P. Morgan does not have any obligation to update, revise or reaffirm such opinion. J.P. Morgan’s opinion is limited to the fairness, from a financial point of view, of the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock in the SAFE transactions, and J.P. Morgan has expressed no opinion as to the fairness of any consideration to be paid in connection with the SAFE transactions to the holders of any other class of securities, creditors or other constituencies of SAFE or as to the underlying decision by SAFE to engage in the SAFE transactions. Furthermore, J.P. Morgan expressed no opinion with respect to the amount or nature of any compensation to any officers, directors or employees of any party to the SAFE transactions, or any class of such persons relative to the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock in the SAFE transactions or with respect to the fairness of any such compensation. J.P. Morgan expressed no opinion as to the price at which SAFE common stock or STAR common stock will trade at any future time.

J.P. Morgan was not directed to and did not solicit any expressions of interest from any other parties with respect to the sale of all or any part of SAFE or any other alternative transaction.

The terms of the merger agreement, including the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock, were determined through arm’s length negotiations between SAFE and STAR, and the decision to enter into the merger agreement was solely that of the SAFE special committee and the SAFE board of directors. J.P. Morgan’s opinion and financial analyses were only one of the many factors considered by the SAFE special committee in its evaluation of the SAFE transactions and should not be viewed as determinative of the views of the SAFE special committee, the SAFE board of directors or management with respect to the SAFE transactions or the consideration to be paid to the holders of SAFE common stock.

In accordance with customary investment banking practice, J.P. Morgan employed generally accepted valuation methodologies in rendering its opinion to the SAFE special committee on August 10, 2022, which was confirmed by delivery of a written opinion, dated August 10, 2022, and in the financial analysis presented to the SAFE special committee on August 10, 2022 in connection with the rendering of such opinion. The following is a summary of the material financial analyses utilized by J.P. Morgan in connection with rendering its opinion to the SAFE special committee and does not purport to be a complete description of the analyses or data presented by J.P. Morgan. Some of the summaries of the financial analyses include information presented in tabular format. The tables are not intended to stand alone, and in order to more fully understand the financial analyses used by J.P. Morgan, the tables must be read together with the full text of each summary. Considering the data set forth below without considering the full narrative description of the financial analyses, including the methodologies and assumptions underlying the analyses, could create a misleading or incomplete view of J.P. Morgan’s analyses.

Value Creation Analysis.   J.P. Morgan conducted an analysis of the theoretical value creation to the existing holders of SAFE common stock based on the SAFE transactions.

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J.P. Morgan conducted a discounted cash flow analysis for the purpose of determining the implied value of the assumption of the existing management agreement by New SAFE and SAFE’s external management becoming employees of New SAFE (the “internalization of management”) based on management projections of the cash flows that New SAFE is expected to save from the internalization of management during fiscal years 2023E through 2026E (as set forth in the section entitled “SAFE Unaudited Prospective Financial Information”, which were prepared by management at the direction of the SAFE special committee). J.P. Morgan calculated a range of terminal values at the end of the same period by applying perpetual growth rates ranging from 2.25% to 2.75% to estimates of the terminal cash flows at the end of fiscal year 2026E, based upon the management projections. J.P. Morgan then discounted the cash flow estimates of the internalization of management to present value as of December 31, 2022 using discount rates ranging from 7.25% to 8.25%, which range was chosen by J.P. Morgan based upon an analysis of the weighted average cost of capital of SAFE.

Based on the foregoing, this analysis indicated the following ranges of implied value for the savings related to the internalization of management:

​	Implied Value
​	Low	High
Internalization of Management Discounted Cash Flow	$165 million	$232 million

J.P. Morgan also conducted a discounted cash flow analysis for the purpose of determining the implied value of the fees paid by SpinCo pursuant to the SpinCo management agreement based on management projections of the cash flows that New SAFE is expected to generate from the fees paid by SpinCo pursuant to the SpinCo management agreement during fiscal years 2023E through 2026E (as set forth in the section entitled “SAFE Unaudited Prospective Financial Information”, which were prepared by management at the direction of the SAFE special committee). J.P. Morgan discounted the cash flow estimates to present value as of December 31, 2022 using discount rates ranging from 7.25% to 8.25%, which range was chosen by J.P. Morgan based upon an analysis of the weighted average cost of capital of SAFE.

Based on the foregoing, this analysis indicated the following ranges of implied value for the fees expected to be paid by SpinCo pursuant to the SpinCo management agreement:

​	Implied Value
​	Low	High
SpinCo Management Fee Discounted Cash Flow	$49 million	$50 million

J.P. Morgan then calculated the accretion in value resulting from the SAFE transactions to the existing holders of SAFE common stock by (1) adding the sum of (a) the net present value of SAFE’s expected savings related to the internalization of management from the SAFE transactions of approximately $194 million, using the midpoint value determined in J.P. Morgan’s discounted cash flow analysis of the internalization of management described above, (b) the net present value of the fees expected to be paid by SpinCo pursuant to the SpinCo management agreement of approximately $50 million, using the midpoint value determined in J.P. Morgan’s discounted cash flow analysis of the SpinCo management fee described above and (c) the estimated value of STAR’s ground lease adjacent investments, as reflected in estimates prepared by management, at the direction of the SAFE special committee, for use by J.P. Morgan in connection with its financial analyses, in the aggregate amount of approximately $87 million, and (2) subtracting the sum of (a) the consideration attributable to SAFE’s acquisition of STAR’s ground lease adjacent investments pursuant to the merger, based on the value of the ground lease adjacent investments, as reflected in estimates prepared by management, at the direction of the SAFE special committee, for use by J.P. Morgan in connection with its financial analyses, in the aggregate amount of approximately $87 million, and (b) the costs associated with the assumption of the existing management agreement by New SAFE pursuant to the merger and other transaction fees, in the aggregate amount of approximately $165 million, as reflected in estimates prepared by management, at the direction of the SAFE special committee, for use by J.P. Morgan in connection with its financial analyses. This analysis indicated that the SAFE transactions results in an implied value creation of approximately $78 million, which represents accretion in value of $1.24 per share for the existing holders of SAFE common stock. There can be no assurance, however, that the synergies,

85

transaction related expenses and other impacts referred to above will not be substantially greater or less than those estimated by management and described above.

Miscellaneous.   The foregoing summary of certain material financial analyses does not purport to be a complete description of the analyses or data presented by J.P. Morgan. The preparation of a fairness opinion is a complex process and is not necessarily susceptible to partial analysis or summary description. J.P. Morgan believes that the foregoing summary and its analyses must be considered as a whole and that selecting portions of the foregoing summary and these analyses, without considering all of its analyses as a whole, could create an incomplete view of the processes underlying the analyses and its opinion. As a result, the ranges of valuations resulting from any particular analysis or combination of analyses described above were merely utilized to create points of reference for analytical purposes and should not be taken to be the view of J.P. Morgan with respect to the actual value of SAFE or STAR. The order of analyses described does not represent the relative importance or weight given to those analyses by J.P. Morgan. In arriving at its opinion, J.P. Morgan did not attribute any particular weight to any analyses or factors considered by it and did not form an opinion as to whether any individual analysis or factor (positive or negative), considered in isolation, supported or failed to support its opinion. Rather, J.P. Morgan considered the totality of the factors and analyses performed in determining its opinion.

Analyses based upon forecasts of future results are inherently uncertain, as they are subject to numerous factors or events beyond the control of the parties and their advisors. Accordingly, forecasts and analyses used or made by J.P. Morgan are not necessarily indicative of actual future results, which may be significantly more or less favorable than suggested by those analyses. Moreover, J.P. Morgan’s analyses are not and do not purport to be appraisals or otherwise reflective of the prices at which businesses actually could be acquired or sold. The analyses necessarily involve complex considerations and judgments concerning financial and operational characteristics of SAFE and STAR, as applicable, and other relevant factors.

As a part of its investment banking business, J.P. Morgan and its affiliates are continually engaged in the valuation of businesses and their securities in connection with mergers and acquisitions, investments for passive and control purposes, negotiated underwritings, secondary distributions of listed and unlisted securities, private placements, and valuations for corporate and other purposes. J.P. Morgan was selected to advise SAFE with respect to the SAFE transactions and deliver an opinion to the SAFE special committee with respect to the SAFE transactions on the basis of, among other things, such experience and its qualifications and reputation in connection with such matters and its familiarity with SAFE, STAR and the industries in which they operate.

For financial advisory services rendered in connection with the transaction, SAFE has agreed to pay J.P. Morgan a fee of $5.5 million, $3.0 million of which became payable to J.P. Morgan at the time J.P. Morgan delivered its opinion and the remainder of which is contingent and payable upon the consummation of the SAFE transactions. In addition, SAFE has agreed to reimburse J.P. Morgan for certain of its expenses incurred in connection with its services, including the fees and disbursements of counsel, and will indemnify J.P. Morgan against certain liabilities arising out of J.P. Morgan’s engagement.

During the two years preceding the date of J.P. Morgan’s opinion, J.P. Morgan and its affiliates have had commercial or investment banking relationships with each of SAFE and STAR, for which J.P. Morgan and such affiliates have received customary compensation. Such services during such period have included acting as joint lead arranger and bookrunner on SAFE’s revolving credit facility, joint bookrunner on SAFE’s offerings of debt securities in April and November of 2021, lead bookrunner on SAFE’s offerings of equity securities in November of 2020 and September of 2021 and bookrunner on SAFE’s private placement of equity securities in March 2022 and joint bookrunner on STAR’s offering of debt securities in August 2020. In addition, J.P. Morgan’s commercial banking affiliate is an agent bank and a lender under outstanding credit facilities of SAFE and STAR, for which it receives customary compensation or other financial benefits. During the two years preceding the date of J.P. Morgan’s opinion, the aggregate fees recognized by J.P. Morgan from SAFE were approximately $5.0 million and the aggregate fees received by J.P. Morgan from STAR were approximately $5.7 million. In addition, J.P. Morgan and its affiliates hold, on a proprietary basis, less than 1% of the outstanding common stock of each of SAFE and STAR. In the ordinary course of their businesses, J.P. Morgan and its affiliates may actively trade the debt and equity securities or financial instruments (including derivatives, bank loans or other obligations) of SAFE or STAR

86

for their own accounts or for the accounts of customers and, accordingly, may at any time hold long or short positions in such securities or other financial instruments.

STAR Unaudited Prospective Financial Information

STAR does not as a matter of course make public projections as to future sales, earnings, or other results. However, the management of STAR has prepared the prospective unaudited financial information set forth below for STAR on a standalone basis, assuming no transaction with SAFE and no spin-off had occurred, and for SpinCo, in each case for the years ended December 31, 2023 through 2026. The prospective financial information set forth below was not prepared with a view toward public disclosure or with a view toward complying with the guidelines established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants with respect to prospective financial information, but, in the view of the STAR’s management, was prepared on a reasonable basis, reflects the best currently available estimates and judgments, and presents, to the best of management’s knowledge and belief, the expected course of action and the expected future financial performance of STAR and SpinCo. However, this information is not fact and should not be relied upon as being necessarily indicative of future results, and readers of this joint proxy statement/prospectus are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the prospective financial information.

STAR has provided the below summaries of forecasts to provide STAR stockholders access to certain non-public information that was furnished to the STAR special committee in connection with its evaluation of the proposed merger with SAFE and the spin-off and to Lazard for its use in connection with its financial analyses under “― Opinion of STAR’s Financial Advisor, Lazard.” While Lazard assumed and relied upon the forecasts for purposes of its analyses, Lazard expressed no view or opinion as to the forecasts or the assumptions on which they were based.

Neither STAR’s independent auditors, nor any other independent accountants, have compiled, examined, or performed any procedures with respect to the prospective financial information contained herein, nor have they expressed any opinion or any other form of assurance on such information or its achievability, and assume no responsibility for, and disclaim any association with, the prospective financial information.

The assumptions and estimates underlying the prospective financial information are inherently uncertain and, though considered reasonable by the management of STAR as of the date of its preparation, are subject to a wide variety of significant business, economic, and competitive risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the prospective financial information. See “Risk Factors” in this joint proxy statement/prospectus and in STAR’s filings with the SEC incorporated by reference herein for discussion of various factors that could materially affect STAR’s financial condition, results of operations, business, prospects and securities. Since the unaudited prospective financial information covers multiple years, such information by its nature becomes less predictive with each successive year. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the prospective results are indicative of the future performance of STAR or SpinCo or that actual results will not differ materially from those presented in the prospective financial information. Inclusion of the prospective financial information in this joint proxy statement/prospectus should not be regarded as a representation by any person that the results contained in the prospective financial information will be achieved. Additional information relating to the principal assumptions used in preparing the projections is set forth in footnotes to the tables below.

STAR does not generally publish its business plans and strategies or make external disclosures of its anticipated financial position or results of operations. Neither STAR nor its respective officers, directors, affiliates, advisors or other representatives can give you any assurance that actual results will not differ materially from this unaudited prospective financial information. Neither STAR nor SpinCo intends to update or otherwise revise the prospective financial information to reflect circumstances existing since its preparation or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, even in the event that any or all of the underlying assumptions are shown to be in error. Furthermore, neither STAR nor SpinCo intends to update or revise the prospective financial information to reflect changes in general economic or industry conditions.

STAR has not made and makes no representation to SAFE or any stockholder, in the merger agreement or otherwise, concerning this unaudited prospective financial information or regarding STAR’s or SpinCo’s ultimate performance compared to the unaudited prospective financial information or that the projected

87

results will be achieved. In light of the foregoing factors and the uncertainties inherent in the unaudited prospective financial information, STAR urges all stockholders not to place undue reliance on such information and to review STAR’s most recent SEC filings for a description of STAR’s reported financial results.

The following table presents the forecasts described above for STAR on a standalone basis assuming neither the merger nor the spin-off has occurred, and for SpinCo on a standalone basis (dollars in millions):

​	2023E			2024E		2025E		2026E
STAR Standalone  – No Merger or Spin-Off	​	​	​	​	​	​		​
STAR Net Unlevered Cash Flows (including SpinCo assets)(1)	​	$	(42)	​	47	​	112	​	160
SpinCo Standalone	​	​	​	​	​	​		​
SpinCo Standalone Unlevered Operating Cash Flows(2)	​	$	(61)	​	(45)	​	(28)	​	(2)
SpinCo Standalone Unlevered Cash Flows From Asset Sales(3)	​	​	107	​	176	​	207	​	318

(1)

Net unlevered cash flows means operating cash flows from STAR assets plus dividends received on shares of SAFE common stock, reduced by general and administrative expenses. Net unlevered cash flows is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered independently from, or as a substitute for, financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. STAR net levered cash flows assumed that STAR distributed 5.52 million shares of SAFE common stock to holders of STAR common stock in a special distribution before the end of 2022. The actual STAR special distribution was approximately 6.63 million shares of SAFE common stock.

(2)

SpinCo operating cash flows refer to operating cash flows from SpinCo assets, net of payments of management fees under the management agreement with New SAFE, and assume that (i) the spin-off occurred on December 31, 2022 and (2) SpinCo initially holds real estate assets with a gross real estate value of approximately $342.0 million, 9.7 million shares of SAFE common stock (valued at $400 million at a price of $41.38 per share, which represented the 10-day VWAP of SAFE common stock as of August 2, 2022) and at least $50.0 million of cash. Operating cash flows is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered independently from, or as a substitute for, financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. There can be no assurance that the real estate assets assumed to be held by SpinCo for purposes of these forecasts will be the actual assets that SpinCo will own at the time of the spin-off or that the individual and aggregate gross real estate values of SpinCo's actual assets will be equal to the amounts assumed. Gross real estate value is the basis assigned to physical real estate property (net investment in leases, land & building), net of any impairments taken after acquisition date and net of basis reductions associated with unit / parcel sales, gross of accumulated depreciation and amortization, in each case as reported in iStar's financial statements for accounting purposes as of the dates the forecasts were prepared. iStar does not intend to imply that such amounts are equivalent to the fair values of such assets or that SpinCo will be able to realize such amounts on sales of the assets.

(3)

SpinCo’s business strategy is to seek to generate cash flows through asset management and asset sales; therefore, its actual cash flows will be highly variable and dependent on the timing of asset sales and the prices at which assets are sold, none of which can be predicted with any degree of certainty. 2024(E) — 2026(E) assume sales of SAFE common stock in the amounts of $100 million in 2024, $100 million in 2025 and $200 million in 2026 at a constant price of $41.38, which is the same assumed price that was used to calculate the number of shares of SAFE common stock contributed by STAR to SpinCo in connection with the spin-off (9.7 million shares).

SAFE Unaudited Prospective Financial Information

Although SAFE periodically may issue limited financial guidance to investors, SAFE does not as a matter of course make public long-term projections as to future revenues, earnings or other results. However, in connection with the merger, management prepared and provided to the SAFE special committee in connection with its evaluation of the transaction, and to its financial advisor, J.P. Morgan, for its use in connection with J.P. Morgan’s financial analyses and opinion described in the section entitled “Opinion of SAFE’s Financial Advisor, J.P. Morgan,” certain unaudited prospective financial information regarding (i) the

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cash flows that New SAFE is expected to save from the internalization of management during fiscal years 2023 through 2026 (which we refer to as the “SAFE internalization-related savings projections”) and (ii) the cash flows that New SAFE is expected to generate from the fees paid by SpinCo pursuant to the SpinCo management agreement during fiscal years 2023 through 2026 (which we refer to as the “SAFE SpinCo fee projections” and, together with the SAFE internalization-related savings projections, the “SAFE management projections”). The below summary of the SAFE internalization-related savings projections and the SAFE SpinCo fee projections are included for the purpose of providing stockholders access to certain nonpublic information that was furnished to certain parties in connection with the merger, and such information may not be appropriate for other purposes, and is not included to influence the voting decision of any stockholder.

SAFE’s unaudited prospective financial information was not prepared with a view toward public disclosure, nor was it prepared with a view toward compliance with GAAP, or the guidelines established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for preparation and presentations of financial projections, but in the view of the Company’s management was prepared on a reasonable basis, reflects the best currently available estimates and judgments, and presents, to the best of management’s knowledge and belief the expected course of action and the future financial performance of SAFE. The inclusion of this unaudited prospective financial information should not be regarded as an indication that such information is predictive of actual future events or results and such information should not be relied upon as such, and readers of this joint proxy statement/prospectus are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the prospective financial information. Neither the independent registered public accounting firm of SAFE, nor any other independent accountants, have examined, compiled or performed any procedures with respect to the accompanying prospective financial information and, accordingly, the independent registered accounting firm of SAFE does not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on such information or its achievability, and assumes no responsibility for, and disclaims any association with, the prospective financial information. SAFE’s unaudited prospective financial information included in this joint proxy statement/​prospectus have been prepared by, and are the responsibility of, management. The independent registered public accounting firm’s reports, contained in SAFE’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, which is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus, relates to SAFE’s historical financial information. It does not extend to the unaudited prospective financial information and should not be read to do so. Furthermore, the unaudited prospective financial information does not take into account any circumstances or events occurring after the date it was prepared.

While presented with numeric specificity, this unaudited prospective financial information was based on numerous variables and assumptions (including assumptions related to industry performance and general business, economic, market and financial conditions and additional matters specific to SAFE’s and STAR’s respective businesses, as applicable) that are inherently subjective and uncertain and are beyond the control of SAFE’s and STAR’s respective managements. Important factors that may affect actual results and cause this unaudited prospective financial information not to be achieved include, but are not limited to, risks and uncertainties relating to SAFE’s and STAR’s respective businesses (including their ability to achieve strategic goals, objectives and targets over applicable periods), industry performance, general business and economic conditions and other factors described in the sections entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.” This unaudited prospective financial information also reflects numerous variables, expectations and assumptions available at the time they were prepared as to certain business decisions that are subject to change. As a result, actual results may differ materially from those contained in this unaudited prospective financial information. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the projected results summarized below will be realized. SAFE stockholders and STAR stockholders are urged to review the most recent SEC filings of SAFE and STAR, respectively, for a description of the reported and anticipated results of operations and financial condition and capital resources during 2022, including in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in SAFE’s and STAR’s respective Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, which are incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

None of SAFE, STAR or their respective officers, directors, affiliates, advisors or other representatives can give you any assurance that actual results will not differ materially from this unaudited prospective financial information. SAFE undertakes no obligation to update or otherwise revise or reconcile this unaudited

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prospective financial information to reflect circumstances existing after the date this unaudited prospective financial information was generated or to reflect the occurrence of future events, even in the event that any or all of the assumptions underlying such information are shown to be in error. Since the unaudited prospective financial information covers multiple years, such information by its nature becomes less predictive with each successive year.

SAFE and STAR may calculate certain non-GAAP financial metrics using different methodologies. Consequently, the financial metrics presented in each company’s prospective financial information disclosures and in the sections of this joint proxy statement/prospectus with respect to the opinions of the financial advisors to SAFE and STAR may not be directly comparable to one another.

SAFE has not made and makes no representation to STAR or any stockholder, in the merger agreement or otherwise, concerning this unaudited prospective financial information or regarding SAFE’s ultimate performance compared to the unaudited prospective financial information or that the projected results will be achieved. In light of the foregoing factors and the uncertainties inherent in the unaudited prospective financial information, SAFE urges all stockholders not to place undue reliance on such information and to review SAFE’s and STAR’s most recent SEC filings for a description of SAFE’s and STAR’s reported financial results.

SAFE internalization-related savings projections

The following is a summary of the SAFE internalization-related savings projections, which were based on a comparison of management’s projections of (i) management fees and expense reimbursement expected to be payable by SAFE to STAR pursuant to the existing management agreement for fiscal years 2023 through 2026, without giving effect to the merger or the internalization of management and as if the merger and the internalization of management had not been contemplated by SAFE (the “Externally-Managed Scenario”), and (ii) New SAFE’s standalone costs (net of management fees expected to be received by New SAFE pursuant to the SpinCo management agreement) and incremental stock-based compensation for fiscal years 2023 through 2026, giving effect to, and assuming the consummation of, the merger and the internalization of management (the “Internally-Managed Scenario”). The SAFE internalization-related savings projections are based solely on the information available to management at the time they were prepared.

The SAFE internalization-related savings projections were based on numerous variables and assumptions, including the variables and assumptions discussed above, and (i) for purposes of the Externally-Managed Scenario, assuming $625 million of origination volume per year capitalized using 2x debt-to-equity (with equity proceeds raised June 30 of each year) and (ii) for purposes of the Internally-Managed Scenario, assuming $1.25 billion of origination volume in fiscal year 2023, $1.50 billion of origination volume in fiscal year 2024, $1.75 billion of origination volume in fiscal year 2025 and $2.00 billion of origination volume in fiscal year 2026, in each case capitalized using 2x debt-to-equity (with equity proceeds raised June 30 of each year).

The following table presents a summary of the SAFE internalization-related savings projections, as prepared by management, with all figures rounded to the nearest million.

​

Year Ended December 31,

​

2023E

2024E

2025E

2026E

​

($ in millions)

Management fees(1)

​

$

23

​

$

26

​

$

29

​

$

32

Expense reimbursement to STAR(2)

​

​

18

​

​

23

​

​

30

​

​

30

Less: New SAFE standalone costs (after SpinCo management fees)(3)

​

​

(47)

​

​

(43)

​

​

(42)

​

​

(43)

Less: Incremental stock-based compensation(4)

​

​

(17)

​

​

(10)

​

​

(7)

​

​

(5)

Total cash flow

​

$

(24)

​

$

(5)

​

$

9

​

$

14

(1)

Represents projected management fees that would be payable to SAFE’s manager by SAFE under the management agreement during fiscal years 2023 through 2026, which New SAFE is expected to save

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from the internalization of management and the assumption of the management agreement by New SAFE in connection therewith. Under the terms of the management agreement, STAR receives a fee equal to 1.0% of total SAFE equity (as defined in the management agreement) up to $1.5 billion; 1.25% of total SAFE equity for incremental equity of $1.5 billion to $3.0 billion; 1.375% of total SAFE equity for incremental equity of $3.0 billion to $5.0 billion; and 1.5% of total SAFE equity for incremental equity over $5.0 billion.

(2)

Represents projected expenses that would be reimbursable to SAFE’s manager by SAFE under the management agreement during fiscal years 2023 through 2026, which New SAFE is expected to save from the internalization of management and the assumption of the management agreement by New SAFE in connection therewith.

(3)

Represents general and administrative expenses projected to be incurred by New SAFE during fiscal years 2023 through 2026 following the internalization of management and SAFE’s external management becoming employees of New SAFE in connection therewith. Includes payroll, public company costs, occupancy, information technology, board grants and other G&A costs. Amounts are netted by management fees paid by SpinCo to New SAFE of $25.0 million, $15.0 million, $10.0 million and $5.0 million in 2023 through 2026, respectively.

(4)

Represents incremental stock-based compensation projected to be paid to the management and employees of New SAFE during fiscal years 2023 through 2026 pursuant to a new incentive plan following the internalization of management and SAFE’s external management becoming employees of New SAFE in connection therewith. Excludes stock-based compensation payable to the board of directors during fiscal years 2023 through 2026, which is payable under both the Externally-Managed Scenario and the Internally-Managed Scenario.

SAFE SpinCo fee projections

The following is a summary of the SAFE SpinCo fee projections, which were based on management projections of the cash flows that New SAFE is expected to generate from the fees paid by SpinCo pursuant to the SpinCo management agreement during fiscal years 2023 through 2026. The SAFE SpinCo fee projections are based solely on the information available to management at the time they were prepared.

The SAFE SpinCo fee projections were based on numerous variables and assumptions, including the variables and assumptions discussed above as well as the following material assumptions: (1) the spin-off and the merger are each consummated in accordance with their respective terms; (2) the SpinCo management agreement is entered into by the parties thereto in substantially the form as attached as Annex G to this joint proxy statement/prospectus; (3) SpinCo has the financial ability to satisfy its obligations under the SpinCo management agreement through at least the end of fiscal year 2026; and (4) neither party to the SpinCo management agreement elects to terminate or not renew the SpinCo management agreement prior to the end of fiscal year 2026.

The following table presents a summary of the SAFE SpinCo fee projections, as prepared by management, with all figures rounded to the nearest million.

​	Year Ended December 31,
​	2023E			2024E			2025E			2026E
​	($ in millions)
SpinCo fees	​	$	25	​	$	15	​	$	10	​	$	5
Total cash flow	​	$	25	​	$	15	​	$	10	​	$	5

Interests of STAR’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger

In addition to their interests in the merger and related transactions as STAR stockholders, the directors and executive officers of STAR have interests in the merger and related transactions that may be different from, or in addition to, those of STAR stockholders generally. The STAR special committee and board of directors were aware of these interests and considered them, among other matters, in approving the

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merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and in making its recommendations that the STAR stockholders approve the merger. These interests are described in more detail below.

Ownership of STAR Common Stock, SAFE Common Stock and Caret Units

The table below shows the direct and indirect beneficial ownership of STAR common stock, SAFE common stock and Caret units by STAR’s executive officers and directors and trusts for the benefit of their family members or third parties as of September 30, 2022. Each of the executive officers and directors will receive the same consideration in the merger with respect to the shares of STAR common stock and SAFE common stock held by them at the effective time of the merger as other holders of STAR common stock and SAFE common stock, and they will receive the same spin-off ratio of SpinCo shares in the spin-off in respect of their STAR shares as other holders of STAR common stock.

Name	STAR Common Stock (#)		SAFE Common Stock (#)		Caret Units (#)
Executive Officers	​	​	​	​	​	​
Jay Sugarman	​	2,958,354	​	105,652	​	551,250(1)
Marcos Alvarado	​	74,487	​	25,891	​	253,125(1)
Brett Asnas	​	31,787	​	—	​	15,000(1)
Directors	​	​	​	​	​	​
Clifford DeSouza	​	84,307	​	5,939	​	—
Dave Eisenberg	​	35,760	​	—	​	28,571.43(2)
Robin Josephs	​	280,846(3)	​	59,796	​	—
Richard Lieb	​	41,637	​	—	​	—
Barry Ridings	​	119,385(3)	​	6,500	​	—

(1)

These respective Caret unit amounts exclude 25% of each executive’s Caret units that the executive has agreed to subject to new vesting requirements, as discussed below under “Interests of SAFE Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger — Treatment of Caret Units and SAFE Restricted Stock Units in the Merger.”

(2)

Mr. Eisenberg’s Caret units are indirectly owned by an investment fund. Mr. Eisenberg is a member of the general partner of the fund.

(3)

These respective STAR common stock amounts include 86,309 common stock equivalents owned by Ms. Josephs and 7,634 common stock equivalents owned by Mr. Ridings that were paid to them as director compensation and will remain outstanding after the merger.

Treatment of Outstanding STAR Equity Awards

Restricted Stock Units.   Upon the effective time of the merger, each unvested STAR restricted stock unit will become fully vested, and all restricted stock units will receive the same consideration per underlying share of STAR common stock as all other shares of STAR common stock in the merger.

Prior to the effective time of the merger, in connection with the spin-off, holders of STAR restricted stock units will receive a number of fully vested common shares of SpinCo equal to the number of shares underlying a holder’s STAR restricted stock unit multiplied by the final spin-off ratio. In addition, prior to the effective time of the merger, in connection with the reverse split, the number of shares underlying each outstanding restricted stock unit will be converted into a reverse-split adjusted number of shares, based on the final reverse split ratio.

iPIP Terminations and Distributions.   The iPIP program was originally implemented in 2013 and approved by STAR’s stockholders in 2014. Under the program, participants who hold vested interests are entitled to receive up to 20% of the disposition (or deemed disposition) proceeds of STAR assets held in the pool if STAR has received a specified minimum return, subject to penalties if STAR has not achieved a

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minimum total stockholder return during the period from the initial adoption of the program on January 1, 2013 until the date of the distribution. If shares of SAFE common stock are the last material asset in an iPIP pool, STAR may elect to distribute shares of SAFE common stock to iPIP participants (in lieu of cash and shares of STAR common stock), provided that the relevant performance hurdles are satisfied and subject to applicable penalties based on total stockholder returns. Under the terms of the iPIP plan, the value of the SAFE shares for purposes of determining the performance of the relevant iPIP pool will be based on a 10-day average price of SAFE common stock prior to the date of the disposition or deemed disposition of the shares.

In connection with the closing of the spin-off and merger, STAR’s four remaining iPIP pools will terminate, all unvested iPIP interests will automatically vest and STAR will make liquidating distributions to all participants of amounts to which they are entitled in accordance with the terms of the shareholder approved plans, provided the required performance hurdles have been achieved. Final distributions in respect of the 2013/2014 pool (which holds no shares of SAFE common stock) will be made 50% in cash and 50% in shares of STAR common stock, in accordance with the terms of the plan. Final distributions in respect of the other pools will be made entirely in shares of SAFE common stock because such shares will be the last material asset held in each such pool at the time of the terminations. No distributions will be made in respect of the 2015/2016 pool because it terminated in the second quarter of 2022 and STAR has previously made final distributions for such pool in accordance with the terms of the iPIP plan.

All distributions paid will be net of applicable withholding taxes. A portion of the SAFE shares distributed to the executives will be subject to a lockup agreement under which the shares may only be sold proportionately as SpinCo disposes of the SAFE common stock contributed to it by STAR in the spin-off. For each executive, the percentage of his SAFE shares subject to this lockup agreement will be equal to the percentage that the number of SAFE shares contributed to SpinCo represent of the total number of SAFE shares used to determine the STAR share consolidation ratio.

The table below sets forth, for each STAR executive officer: (i) the number of shares covered by the executive’s outstanding STAR unvested restricted stock units as of September 30, 2022 (which is the latest practicable date prior to this filing); (ii) the number of shares of STAR common stock and SAFE common stock and the amount of cash payable to the executive in respect of the termination of the iPIP pools, assuming that: (x) the terminations took place on September 30, 2022, (y) real estate assets in the pools were disposed of at STAR’s currently expected disposition prices and SAFE shares were sold at the 10-day average price to September 30, 2022 of $30.98 and (z) the applicable return thresholds are satisfied; and (iii) the aggregate dollar value of (i) and (ii). The actual distributions payable in respect of the termination of the iPIP pools will be determined closer in time to the date the distributions are actually made and as a result, the actual amounts to be received by the executive officers may vary materially from the amounts set forth below.

For purposes of the table below, the dollar value was calculated by multiplying the number of shares of STAR common stock and SAFE common stock by the per share assumed transaction consideration for each company. The “assumed transaction consideration” is equal to $16.58 per share in respect of STAR shares and $45.37 per share in respect of SAFE shares, which is the average closing market price of each company’s common stock over the first five business days after the first public announcement of the merger, in accordance with Item 402(t) of Regulation S-K. The amounts shown do not reflect amounts expected to be withheld from the payments for withholding taxes. The amounts also do not forecast any grants or additional issuances of equity-based awards following September 30, 2022, nor do they forecast any forfeitures of equity-based awards following the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, as no grants or additional issuances are expected. None of the directors holds restricted stock units with respect to STAR common stock or iPIP interests.

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STAR RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS AND IPIP AWARDS

Name	Restricted Stock Unit Awards (#)		iPIP STAR Shares (#)		iPIP SAFE Shares (#)		iPIP Cash ($)			Total Amount ($)(1)
Jay Sugarman	​	—	​	26,517	​	1,617,400	​	$	278,688	​	$	74,099,778
Marcos Alvarado	​	98,330	​	—	​	729,879	​	​	—	​	$	34,744,922
Brett Asnas	​	46,813	​	—	​	29,195	​	​	—	​	$	2,100,737

(1)

As required by Item 402(t) of Regulation S-K, the dollar values presented in the Total Amount column are calculated using the “assumed transaction consideration” of $16.58 per share of STAR common stock and $45.37 per share of SAFE common stock, which is the average closing market price of each company’s common stock over the first five business days after the first public announcement of the merger. See the tables under the heading “Potential Change in Control Payments to Named Executive Officers” for calculation of such amounts based on more recent stock prices.

2022 Annual Cash Bonuses and Merger Retention Awards

The STAR compensation committee has approved the payment of $10.0 million in respect of annual cash bonuses to executives and other employees for services in fiscal year 2022 pursuant to STAR’s annual incentive program. The amount of the pool was determined based on estimated performance for 2022 as against performance targets established by the compensation committee at the beginning of 2022. The annual bonuses will be paid in February 2023 in accordance with past practice. Annual bonuses are expected to be paid in the amounts of $1.71 million to Mr. Alvarado and $380,000 to Mr. Asnas.

In an effort to promote the retention of key personnel through the closing of the merger, the STAR compensation committee has approved the establishment of a retention pool comprised of up to $7.5 million in cash and up to 500,000 shares of SAFE common stock owned by STAR. Cash retention awards will be paid in February 2023 but will be subject to clawback if the employee resigns or is terminated for cause prior to the closing of the merger or if the merger has not closed by a specified date. Retention awards of SAFE common stock, if any, will be paid at the closing of the merger. Cash retention awards in the amounts of $1.29 million and $445,000 have been allocated to Messrs. Alvarado and Asnas, respectively. Retention awards of Safe common stock, if any, are at the discretion of the STAR compensation committee.

Mr. Sugarman was initially allocated annual and cash retention bonus awards, but as part of an employee reduction in force, he offered to forego such awards and the STAR compensation committee accepted his offer.

New SAFE Restricted Stock Unit Awards

The STAR compensation committee and the SAFE compensation committee have approved a pool of $25.0 million of restricted stock units (to be calculated based on the trading price of Safe common stock proximal to the closing date of the merger) to be granted to employees of New SAFE in respect of their service after consummation of the merger. The restricted stock units will vest proportionately over four years with 25% vesting on each anniversary of the grant date, subject to the recipient’s continued employment through each vesting date. The following grants are expected to be made to the executive officers: $5.0 million of units to Mr. Sugarman, $5.0 million of units to Mr. Alvarado and $1.7 million of units to Mr. Asnas. The balance of the pool will be awarded to other employees of New SAFE.

Board Service Following the Merger

In connection with the closing of the merger, Robin Josephs, Barry Ridings, Jay Sugarman and Marcos Alvarado will become directors of New SAFE. Ms. Josephs and Mr. Ridings are current directors of STAR, Mr. Sugarman is the chairman and chief executive officer and a director of STAR and Mr. Alvarado is the president and chief investment officer of STAR. See “The Merger Agreement — Directors and Officers.”

Clifford DeSouza and Richard Lieb, each a director of STAR, will resign from the board of directors of STAR as of the time of the spin-off and are expected to join the board of trustees of SpinCo. Mr. Eisenberg,

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a director of STAR, will resign from the board of directors of STAR at the time of the merger. He is expected to join the board of the Caret subsidiary of New SAFE in the future should such entity become a public company.

The directors of New SAFE, other than Messrs. Alvarado and Sugarman, and the trustees of SpinCo, will receive compensation for their services to the respective boards.

Officers of New SAFE Following the Merger

The parties have agreed that, from and after the effective time of the merger, and until such time as their successors have been duly appointed and qualified or until their earlier death, resignation or removal as in accordance with New SAFE’s organizational documents, the officers of STAR as immediately prior to the effective time will be the officers of New SAFE.

The current senior leadership teams of STAR and SAFE are not expected to change as a result of the merger and will be led by Mr. Sugarman, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of STAR and SAFE.

Compensation of STAR Special Committee

In consideration of their services on the STAR special committee, each of Messrs. DeSouza, Lieb and Ridings receive an annual retainer of $75,000 payable in quarterly installments in cash. This compensation was not and is not contingent on approval or consummation of the merger, the spin-off or related transactions.

Golden Parachute Compensation

The table below, entitled “Potential Change-in-Control Payments to Named Executive Officers,” along with its footnotes, sets forth the information required by Item 402(t) of Regulation S-K regarding the compensation payable to STAR’s named executive officers, as determined for purposes of its 2022 annual proxy statement (each of whom we refer to as a “named executive officer”), which compensation is subject to an advisory vote of STAR’s stockholders, as described below in the section entitled “STAR Proposal 2: The STAR Non-Binding Advisory Compensation Proposal.” The table assumes the consummation of the merger occurred on September 30, 2022 (the latest practicable date prior to this filing). All of the payments are “single trigger,” meaning that they are payable immediately in connection with the merger and related transactions. The value of the shares of STAR common stock and SAFE common stock was calculated by multiplying the number of shares of STAR common stock subject to unvested restricted stock units and liquidating distributions of shares of STAR common stock, SAFE common stock and cash in respect of the termination of the iPIP plans by the per share assumed transaction consideration of $16.58 for STAR shares and $45.37 for SAFE shares, which, as required by Regulation S-K, is the average closing market price of each company’s common stock over the first five business days after the first public announcement of the transaction. Jeremy Fox-Geen was a named executive officer in STAR’s 2022 annual proxy statement; however, he left STAR in 2021 and is receiving no compensation in connection with the merger.

The calculations in the table below do not include (i) shares of STAR common stock and SAFE common stock already owned by the named executive officers or amounts STAR named executive officers are already entitled to receive or will be vested in as of September 30, 2022 (the assumed closing date); (ii) equity grants or other compensation to be paid in connection with port-merger employment; or (iii) amounts under contracts, agreements, plans or arrangements to the extent they do not discriminate in scope, terms or operation in favor of executive officers and that are available generally to all the salaried employees of STAR.

Potential Change in Control Payments to Named Executive Officers

Name	Cash ($)(1)		STAR Shares ($)(2)(4)		SAFE Shares ($)(3)(4)		Total $(4)
Jay Sugarman	​	278,688	​	439,652	​	73,381,438	​	74,099,778
Marcos Alvarado	​	1,290,000	​	1,630,311	​	33,114,610	​	36,034,921
Brett Asnas	​	445,000	​	776,160	​	1,324,577	​	2,545,737
Garett Rosenblum	​	167,700	​	285,673	​	1,580,509	​	2,033,882

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(1)

Cash amounts are comprised of cash distributions in respect of the termination of iPIP plans and cash merger retention awards. See the table under “Interests of STAR’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger — Treatment of Outstanding Equity Awards” for a breakdown of the amounts for each component for Messrs. Sugarman, Alvarado and Asnas. Mr. Rosenblum is eligible to receive a cash merger retention award of $167,700 and no cash in respect of iPIP terminations.

(2)

STAR shares are comprised of the (i) shares underlying unvested restricted stock units that will become vested at the effective time of the merger and (ii) shares of STAR common stock expected to be distributed in respect of the termination of the iPIP plans. See the table under “Interests of STAR’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger — Treatment of Outstanding Equity Awards” for a breakdown of the amounts for each component for Messrs. Sugarman, Alvarado and Asnas. For Mr. Rosenblum, the breakdown is: 17,230 STAR shares underlying accelerated restricted stock units and 34,836 SAFE shares and no STAR shares in iPIP distributions.

(3)

SAFE shares consist of shares of SAFE common stock expected to be distributed in respect of the termination of the iPIP plans.

(4)

As required by Item 402(t) of Regulation S-K, all dollar values presented in this table are calculated using the “assumed transaction consideration” of $16.58 per share of STAR common stock and $45.37 per share of SAFE common stock, which is the average closing market price of each company’s common stock over the first five business days after the first public announcement of the merger. The table below presents total dollar values using more recent stock prices.

The amount and value of the potential change in control payments shown above will vary based on changes in the market prices of SAFE common stock and STAR common stock. In particular, distributions in respect of STAR’s iPIP plans will largely be determined by the performance of the price of SAFE common stock as we approach the closing date of the merger. The table below presents the aggregate dollar value of the potential change in control payments at various assumed stock prices for SAFE common stock and STAR common stock.

Assumed Prices				Total $ Value of Potential Change in Control Payments
SAFE	STAR			J. Sugarman			M. Alvarado			B. Asnas			G. Rosenblum
$45.37	​	$	16.58(1)	​	$	74,099,778	​	$	36,034,921	​	$	2,545,737	​	$	2,033,882
$26.46	​	$	9.26(2)	​	$	43,320,639	​	$	21,513,134	​	$	1,650,988	​	$	1,249,010
$29.52	​	$	8.03(3)	​	$	48,237,268	​	$	23,625,618	​	$	1,682,744	​	$	1,334,416

(1)

Average price for the five trading days after the date of public announcement of the merger.

(2)

Closing prices on September 30, 2022.

(3)

Closing prices on November 30, 2022.

Interests of SAFE’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger

In addition to their interests in the merger and related transactions as SAFE stockholders, the directors and executive officers of SAFE have interests in the merger and related transactions that may be different from, or in addition to, those of SAFE stockholders generally. The SAFE special committee and board of directors were aware of these interests and considered them, among other matters, in approving the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and making its recommendations that the SAFE stockholders approve the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement. These interests are described in more detail below.

Ownership of SAFE Common Stock, Caret Units and STAR Common Stock

The table below shows the direct and indirect beneficial ownership of SAFE common stock, Caret units and STAR common stock by SAFE’s executive officers and directors and trusts for the benefit of their family members or third parties as of September 30, 2022. Each of the executive officers and directors will receive the same consideration in the merger with respect to the shares of SAFE common stock and STAR common

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stock held by them at the effective time of the merger as other holders of SAFE common stock and STAR common stock, and they will receive the same spin-off ratio of SpinCo shares in the spin-off as other holders of STAR common stock.

Name	SAFE Common Stock (#)		Caret Units (#)		STAR Common Stock (#)
Executive Officers	​	​	​	​	​	​
Jay Sugarman	​	105,652	​	551,250(1)	​	2,958,354
Marcos Alvarado	​	25,891	​	253,125(1)	​	74,487
Brett Asnas	​	—	​	15,000(1)	​	31,787
Directors	​	​	​	​	​	​
Dean Adler	​	53,513(2)	​	—	​	—
Jesse Hom	​	—(3)	​	—	​	—
Robin Josephs	​	59,796	​	—	​	280,846
Jay Nydick	​	63,546	​	—	​	10,000
Stefan Selig	​	58,546	​	—	​	—

(1)

These respective Caret unit amounts exclude 25% of each executive’s Caret units that he has agreed to subject to new vesting requirements, as discussed below under “Interests of SAFE’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger — Treatment of Caret Units and SAFE Restricted Stock Units in the Merger.”

(2)

These shares are indirectly owned by an investment fund. Mr. Adler is a member of the general partner of the fund. Mr. Adler disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest.

(3)

This amount excludes 4,248,435 shares of SAFE common stock and 197,425 shares of STAR common stock beneficially owned by affiliates of GIC Real Estate Private Limited, Mr. Hom’s employer. Mr. Hom expressly disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares, except to the extent of any pecuniary interest.

Treatment of Caret Units and SAFE Restricted Stock Units in the Merger

At the effective time of the merger, each Caret unit outstanding will remain outstanding. All outstanding Caret units are fully vested; however, certain of SAFE manager’s key employees, including each of SAFE’s executive officers, have agreed to new re-vesting requirements with respect to 25% of their Caret units. These Caret units will become unvested as of the effective time of the merger and will vest on the second anniversary of the closing date.

In lieu of receiving shares of SAFE common stock in respect of annual director compensation, Ms. Josephs received 10,000 restricted stock units that will be settled by delivering 2,000 shares of common stock annually on July 1, 2027 to July 1, 2031. These restricted stock units will remain outstanding in accordance with their terms following the merger, but will be converted into restricted stock units in respect of shares of New SAFE common stock on a one-for-one basis. No other executive officer or director owns restricted stock units of SAFE.

New Caret Awards and New SAFE Restricted Stock Unit Awards

In connection with the post-merger employment of employees of New SAFE, the SAFE compensation committee has approved the award of 76,944 new Caret units to executive officers and other employees, other than Messrs. Sugarman and Alvarado. Mr. Asnas will receive 15,000 Caret units. The new Caret units will be granted after the closing of the merger and will cliff vest on the fourth anniversary of their grant date if New SAFE’s common stock has traded at an average price of $60.00 or more for at least 30 consecutive trading days during that four-year period. See “SAFE Proposal 2: The SAFE Caret Amendment Proposal” for information about proposed changes to the Caret unit program.

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As discussed above under “Interests of STAR Directors and Executive Officers — New SAFE Restricted Stock Unit Awards,” the executive officers of SAFE will be awarded restricted stock units in respect of their service to New SAFE after the merger.

Board Service Following the Merger

In connection with the closing of the merger, Jesse Hom, Robin Josephs, Jay Nydick, Stefan Selig, Jay Sugarman and Marcos Alvarado will become directors of New SAFE. Ms. Josephs and Messrs. Hom, Nydick and Selig are current directors of SAFE, Mr. Sugarman is the chairman and chief executive officer and a director of SAFE and Mr. Alvarado is the president and chief investment officer of SAFE. See “The Merger Agreement — Directors and Officers.” Mr. Adler will be resigning from the board of SAFE at the closing of the merger

Officers of New SAFE Following the Merger

The current senior leadership teams of STAR and SAFE are not expected to change as a result of the merger and will be led by Mr. Sugarman, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of STAR and SAFE.

Directors and Officers of New SAFE After the Transactions

The parties have agreed that, from and after the effective time of the merger, and until such time their successors have been duly elected and qualify or until their earlier death, resignation or removal in accordance with New SAFE’s organizational documents, the directors of New SAFE shall consist of a total of seven directors, three of whom will be designated by STAR and four of whom will be designated by SAFE.

In addition, the parties have agreed that, from and after the effective time of the merger, and until such time their successors have been duly appointed and qualified or until their earlier death, resignation or removal in accordance with New SAFE’s organizational documents, the officers of STAR as immediately prior to the effective time will be the officers of New SAFE.

Accounting Treatment

STAR and SAFE prepare their financial statements, respectively, in accordance with GAAP. The merger will be accounted for by applying the acquisition method of accounting, with SAFE treated as the acquirer.

Regulatory Approvals

STAR and SAFE have each agreed to use their reasonable best efforts to take all actions and to do all things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate and make effective the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.

The parties’ respective obligations to complete the merger are conditioned, among other matters, upon (i) the absence of any temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other legal restraint, prohibition or binding order of any court of competent jurisdiction that prohibits the merger; (ii) the absence of any action taken or statute, rule, regulation or order enacted by any governmental entity of competent jurisdiction which makes the consummation of the merger illegal; and (iii) the SEC having declared effective the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part, and the Form 10, in each case with no stop order in effect and no proceeding by the SEC seeking a stop order.

Exchange of Shares in the Merger

STAR will appoint an exchange agent who is reasonably acceptable to SAFE to handle the exchange of shares of SAFE common stock and STAR preferred stock for STAR common stock and the STAR preferred stock merger consideration. Within five business days after the effective time of the merger, the exchange agent will send to (i) each holder of record of a certificate or certificates which immediately prior to the effective time of the merger represented outstanding SAFE common stock or STAR preferred stock, or (ii) holders of record of uncertificated SAFE common stock and STAR preferred stock represented by book-entry, a letter of transmittal and instructions for effecting the exchange of such certificates or book-entry

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shares for the merger consideration or the preferred stock merger consideration, as applicable, that the holder is entitled to receive under the merger agreement.

Upon surrender of stock certificates or book-entry shares for cancellation along with the executed letter of transmittal and other documents described in the instructions, each holder of SAFE common stock will receive one or both of the following: (i) the merger consideration of one (1) newly issued share of New SAFE common stock for each share of SAFE common stock and (ii) the SAFE closing dividend (described below), to the extent such dividend has not been paid prior to the consummation of the merger, and any New SAFE dividend with a record date after the consummation of the merger, and each holder of STAR preferred stock will receive the STAR preferred stock merger consideration for each share of STAR preferred stock.

If you are a holder of STAR common stock, you are not required to take any action with respect to your shares of STAR common stock.

Dividends

The merger agreement permits each of STAR and SAFE to pay regular quarterly dividends to their respective common stockholders at a rate not in excess of $0.20 per share of SAFE common stock and $0.125 per share of STAR common stock. The declaration of quarterly dividends is a matter within the discretion of each company’s board of directors.

In connection with the closing of the merger, STAR will declare a dividend to the holders of STAR common stock, and SAFE will declare a dividend to the holders of SAFE common stock (which we refer to as the “SAFE closing dividend”), the record and, to the extent practicable, the payment date for each of which will be the close of business on the last business day prior to the closing of the merger, subject to funds being legally available for such dividends. The per share dividend amount payable by each of STAR and SAFE will be an amount equal to its most recent quarterly dividend, multiplied by the number of days elapsed since the last dividend record date through and including the business day prior to the closing date, and divided by the actual number of days in the calendar quarter in which such dividend is declared.

In addition, STAR and SAFE have agreed that the other party, with notice to the other, can declare or pay the minimum dividend as may be required in order for such party to qualify as a REIT and to avoid to the extent reasonably possible the incurrence of entity-level income or excise tax under the Code or applicable state law (which we refer to as a “REIT dividend”). If one party declares a REIT dividend, the other party can declare a dividend per share in the same amount, as adjusted by the exchange ratio.

Listing of New SAFE Common Stock in the Merger

It is a condition to the completion of the merger that the New SAFE common stock issuable in connection with the merger be approved for listing on the NYSE, subject to official notice of issuance.

De-Listing and Deregistration of SAFE Common Stock

Pursuant to the merger agreement, when the merger is completed, the SAFE common stock currently listed on the NYSE will cease to be listed on the NYSE and will be deregistered under the Exchange Act.

No Appraisal or Dissenters’ Rights

Under Section 3-202 of the MGCL, holders of SAFE common stock do not have the right to receive the appraised value of their shares in connection with the merger.

Treatment of Indebtedness

In connection with the consummation of the merger, STAR intends to repay its outstanding preferred stock and senior notes and assume SAFE’s outstanding senior notes and credit facility. STAR’s $100.0 million of trust preferred securities will remain outstanding as obligations of New SAFE.

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THE SPIN-OFF

Background

STAR will consummate the spin-off prior to the merger. Consummation of the spin-off is a condition of STAR and SAFE to complete the merger. STAR will accomplish the spin-off by transferring to SpinCo the equity of entities that own SpinCo’s portfolio of legacy assets, shares of common stock of SAFE that have a value of at least $400.0 million based on trading prices proximal to the time of the spin-off, at least $50.0 million of cash and certain other assets. SpinCo will assume all liabilities and obligations of STAR, other than those relating to the ground lease business that STAR is retaining. In consideration for these assets SpinCo will transfer to STAR common shares of SpinCo that STAR will distribute to its stockholders on a pro rata basis and the proceeds of SpinCo’s margin loan financing. STAR will retain all of its assets and liabilities relating to its retained ground lease business.

At the time of the spin-off, STAR and SpinCo will enter into a separation and distribution agreement that will govern the separation of their respective liabilities and a management agreement pursuant to which an affiliate of STAR will become SpinCo’s external manager. At the time of the merger, SpinCo and New SAFE will enter into the governance agreement and the registration rights agreement. In addition, at the time of the spin-off, SpinCo expects to have entered into an up to $140.0 million margin loan with Morgan Stanley, which loan will be collateralized by the shares of SAFE common stock owned by SpinCo, and at the time of the merger, SpinCo expects to enter into a $100.0 million senior secured term loan facility with New SAFE, which principal amount may be increased or decreased from time to time with the approval of both parties, including at the time of the merger. SpinCo has entered into commitment letters for these financings. Forms of the separation and distribution agreement, management agreement, governance agreement and registration rights agreement are filed as exhibits to this joint proxy statement/prospectus and are summarized below. The summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to the agreements.

The Separation and Distribution Agreement

The following discussion summarizes the material provisions of the separation and distribution agreement. The separation and distribution agreement sets forth, among other things, SpinCo’s agreements with STAR (and SAFE after the merger) regarding the principal transactions necessary to separate SpinCo from STAR. It also sets forth other agreements that govern certain aspects of SpinCo’s relationship with STAR after the spin-off date.

Transfer of Assets and Assumption of Liabilities

The separation and distribution agreement identifies the assets to be transferred, the liabilities to be assumed and the contracts to be assigned to each of SpinCo and STAR as part of the separation of the two companies, and it provides for when and how these transfers, assumptions and assignments will occur. In particular, the separation and distribution agreement provides, among other things, that subject to the terms and conditions contained therein:

•

certain assets related to SpinCo’s businesses (which we refer to as the “SpinCo assets”) will be retained by SpinCo or one of SpinCo’s subsidiaries or transferred to SpinCo or one of SpinCo’s subsidiaries, including:

•

all issued capital stock or other equity interests owned by STAR or a subsidiary thereof in each of its subsidiaries and entities agreed to in the separation and distribution agreement (which we refer to as the “transferred entities”);

•

all right, title and interest (whether as owner, mortgagee or holder of a security interest) in SpinCo’s portfolio of properties;

•

$400 million of shares of SAFE common stock;

•

all of the trademark rights of STAR or its subsidiaries in the name and logo of SpinCo, the names and logos of the subsidiaries of SpinCo, the names and logos of the real estate-related assets and development projects held by SpinCo and its subsidiaries and the know-how used to conduct the business of SpinCo, subject to certain exceptions;

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•

certain computing peripherals (monitors, keyboards, webcams, etc.), tablets, conference room cameras/computers/display units, and server room equipment;

•

all contracts entered into in the name of, or expressly on behalf of, SpinCo, any subsidiary of SpinCo, or any of the transferred entities or a subsidiary thereof;

•

all other assets primarily related to the properties owned by the transferred entities, including all furniture, buildings, fixtures, equipment, easements and other appurtenances located at the real properties;

•

all shared contracts (as defined in the separation and distribution agreement) to the extent allocated to SpinCo or its subsidiaries pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement;

•

all permits of STAR or its subsidiaries used primarily in its business;

•

all books and records, wherever located, of STAR or its subsidiaries primarily related to SpinCo’s business (and subject to certain access rights retained by STAR and its subsidiaries pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement);

•

all accounts receivable, rights, claims, demands, causes of action, judgments, decrees, property tax appeals and rights to indemnify or contribution in favor of STAR or its subsidiaries that are primarily related to SpinCo’s business; and

•

other assets mutually agreed by the parties prior to the spin-off;

•

certain liabilities related to SpinCo’s businesses or the SpinCo assets (which we refer to as, collectively, the “SpinCo liabilities”) will be retained by or transferred to SpinCo or one of SpinCo’s subsidiaries, including:

•

all liabilities under contracts or agreements assumed in connection with SpinCo’s businesses;

•

all liabilities (including environmental liabilities) relating to underlying circumstances, facts existing or events occurring, prior to the spin-off;

•

all guarantees and indemnitees in respect of any of the SpinCo assets or SpinCo liabilities;

•

all third-party claims to the extent relating to SpinCo’s business and the SpinCo assets; and

•

all insurance charges related to SpinCo’s business and the SpinCo assets;

•

all of the assets and liabilities (including whether accrued, contingent, or otherwise) other than the SpinCo assets and SpinCo liabilities, including such assets other than the SpinCo assets (which we refer to as the “STAR assets”) and such liabilities other than the SpinCo liabilities (which we refer to as the “STAR liabilities”), will be retained by or transferred to STAR or one of its subsidiaries.

Information in this registration statement with respect to the assets and liabilities of the parties following the spin-off is presented based on the allocation of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement unless the context otherwise indicates.

Cash Assets

The separation and distribution agreement provides that, at or prior to the spin-off, STAR will contribute at least $50.0 million in cash to SpinCo, and, after the spin-off, will promptly pay to SpinCo any cash proceeds in respect of asset sales occurring prior to the spin-off date that generate proceeds in excess of amounts needed for STAR to retire its unsecured senior notes and cash out its preferred stock in connection with the merger and pay other liabilities.

Commercially Reasonable Efforts

The separation and distribution agreement provides that the parties will use commercially reasonable efforts to take or cause to be taken all actions, and to do or cause to be done, and to assist and cooperate with the other parties in doing, all things necessary to consummate and make effective the spin-off, including causing the conditions precedent to the spin-off to be satisfied, obtaining and making all necessary approvals and filings, obtaining third party consents, and executing any other necessary instruments.

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Conditions to the Spin-Off

The separation and distribution agreement provides that the spin-off is subject to the satisfaction (or waiver by STAR) of certain conditions, including:

•

the agreements pertaining to the loans described more fully below in the section entitled “Material Indebtedness of SpinCo” have been executed or be ready to be executed, subject only to the completion of the spin-off and the merger;

•

the SEC declaring effective the registration statement of which this registration statement forms a part, with no stop order in effect with respect thereto, and no proceeding for such purpose pending before, or threatened by, the SEC;

•

the mailing of this registration statement;

•

no order, injunction, or decree issued by any court of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the separation, the spin-off or any of the related transactions are in effect;

•

the SpinCo common shares to be distributed have been approved for listing on a designated exchange, subject to official notice of distribution;

•

the parties to the merger agreement have confirmed that the conditions to the closing of the merger have been satisfied or waived, other than the spin-off, the filing of the articles of merger and any other conditions that by their nature are satisfied at the closing of the merger; and

•

the execution of ancillary agreements by SpinCo and STAR, including the management agreement.

Release of Claims

SpinCo agreed to release and discharge STAR, its subsidiaries and all persons who at any time prior to the distribution were stockholders, directors, officers, agents or employees thereof or of any transferred entity from the SpinCo liabilities, all liabilities arising from or in connection with the transactions and activities to implement the spin-off and all liabilities arising from or in connection with actions, inactions, events, omissions, conditions, facts or circumstances occurring or existing prior to the distribution, in each case, relating to, arising out of or resulting from the transferred business, the SpinCo assets and SpinCo liabilities. STAR agreed to release and discharge SpinCo, SpinCo’s subsidiaries, and all persons who at any time prior to the distribution were stockholders, directors, officers, agents or employees thereof from all STAR liabilities and all liabilities arising from or in connection with actions, inactions, events, omissions, conditions, facts or circumstances occurring or existing prior to the distribution, in each case, relating to, arising out of or resulting from STAR’s business, STAR assets and STAR liabilities. The release described above will not include certain specified liabilities, including without limitation liabilities arising out of the agreements among the parties with respect to the spin-off, liabilities allocated pursuant to such agreements and liabilities in connection with any untrue or alleged untrue statement of material fact from disclosure documents, among others.

Indemnification

In the separation and distribution agreement, SpinCo agreed to indemnify, defend and hold harmless STAR, each of its affiliates and each of their respective directors, officers, employees and agents, from and against all liabilities relating to, arising out of or resulting from:

•

the SpinCo liabilities and SpinCo’s failure to pay any SpinCo liabilities in accordance with their terms;

•

third-party claims relating to SpinCo’s business or the SpinCo assets;

•

SpinCo’s breach of the separation and distribution agreement or any ancillary agreement;

•

the use by SpinCo or any subsidiary of any know-how licensed to SpinCo pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement;

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•

any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of material fact or omission or alleged omission in the registration statement to which this registration statement is a part or any other disclosure document filed by SpinCo; and

•

any untrue statement of material fact or omission with respect to certain specified statements made in SpinCo’s name in any disclosure document filed by STAR, including the joint proxy statement/​prospectus filed by STAR.

STAR agreed to indemnify, defend and hold harmless, SpinCo and each of SpinCo’s affiliates and each of SpinCo’s and SpinCo’s affiliates’ respective directors, officers, employees and agents from and against all liabilities relating to, arising out of or resulting from:

•

all STAR liabilities and the failure of STAR to pay any STAR liabilities in accordance with their terms;

•

third-party claims relating to the STAR assets;

•

the breach by STAR of the separation and distribution agreement or any ancillary agreement;

•

any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of material fact or omission or alleged omission in the registration statement to which this registration statement is a part or any other disclosure document filed by SpinCo, to the extent such statement is explicitly made in STAR’s name; and

•

any untrue statement of material fact or omission in any disclosure document filed by STAR, including the joint proxy statement/prospectus filed by STAR other than the specified statements of SpinCo referred to above.

Neither SpinCo nor STAR will be liable to the other for special, punitive or exemplary damages, except, in each case, to the extent such damages are finally awarded and actually paid by a party to a third party in connection with a third-party claim.

Insurance

The separation and distribution agreement provides that, at or after the effective time of the spin-off, STAR will be entitled to terminate coverage under its existing insurance policies with respect to the SpinCo assets that it previously owned and the SpinCo liabilities to which it previously was subject. The separation and distribution agreement further provides that SpinCo will cause the SpinCo assets and SpinCo liabilities to be covered by existing or new insurance policies of SpinCo. The separation and distribution agreement also contains procedures for asserting claims for losses arising prior to the separation and the spin-off under the policies that covered the property in question at the applicable time.

Non-Solicitation

Pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement, for a period of two years after the closing of the spin-off, neither SpinCo nor any of SpinCo’s subsidiaries may, directly or indirectly, solicit for employment or employ or cause to leave the employ of STAR or any of its subsidiaries any employee of STAR or any of its subsidiaries with a title of Vice President or higher, subject to customary exceptions.

Segregation of Accounts

The separation and distribution agreement provides that SpinCo and STAR will use commercially reasonable efforts to separate and de-link any common bank or brokerage accounts between them, and any outstanding checks issued or payments initiated prior to the effective time of the spin-off will be honored after the effective time of the spin-off by the party then owning the account on which the check is drawn or the payment was initiated.

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Amendments

No provision of the separation and distribution agreement may be amended or modified except by a written instrument signed by the authorized representative of the party against whom it is sought to enforce such amendment or modification; provided that, any waiver, amendment, supplement or modification of any provisions of the separation and distribution agreement prior to the closing of the merger may only be made with the prior written consent of the SAFE special committee.

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THE MSD TRANSACTIONS

MSD Stock Purchase Agreement

STAR and SAFE entered into a stock purchase agreement, dated as of August 10, 2022, with MSD Partners, L.P. (which we refer to as, “MSD Partners”) under which MSD Partners has agreed to purchase 5,405,406 shares of SAFE common stock from STAR for an aggregate purchase price of $200,000,022.00, or $37.00 per share, payable in cash. We refer to this transaction as the “MSD stock purchase.” The closing of the MSD stock purchase will take place immediately prior to, and on the same date as the closing of the merger, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions including that the closing of the MSD Caret unit purchase, as described below, takes place substantially concurrently with the closing of the MSD stock purchase. If either the merger agreement or the subscription agreement for the Caret unit purchase is terminated for any reason, the MSD stock purchase agreement will also terminate. The closing of the MSD stock purchase is not a condition to the closing of the merger; however, if the MSD stock purchase does not close for any reason, STAR would need to raise additional cash from other sources in order to satisfy its covenant under the merger agreement to repay its senior unsecured notes in full. This summary is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the stock purchase agreement governing the MSD stock purchase, (which we refer to as the “MSD stock purchase agreement”), which is attached as Annex C to this joint proxy statement/prospectus and is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/​prospectus.

The MSD stock purchase agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants of STAR, SAFE and MSD Partners. Among other covenants, each party has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts, on a cooperative basis, to take or cause to be taken all actions to consummate the MSD stock purchase, including making all necessary registrations and filings as may be necessary to obtain any approval or waiver from governmental authorities. MSD Partners’ obligations to complete the MSD stock purchase are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain other conditions, including the following:

•

the merger agreement shall not have been terminated;

•

the merger agreement shall not have been amended in any manner that has an adverse impact on the economics of MSD Partners’ investment in New SAFE in any material respect, without MSD Partners’ prior written consent;

•

certain representations of STAR being true and correct in all respects and others being true and correct in all material respects;

•

certain representations of SAFE being true and correct in all material respects and others being true and correct in all respects, except for inaccuracies that, individually or in the aggregate, have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a “Company Material Adverse Effect,” as defined in the MSD stock purchase agreement;

•

all required clearances and consents having been obtained;

•

SAFE and STAR having complied with their respective covenants and agreements in all material respects;

•

the absence of legal restraints on the closing;

•

the delivery of certain officers’ certificates; and

•

the delivery of executed counterparts of the MSD stockholder’s agreement and registration rights agreement, each as discussed below.

Each SAFE’s and STAR’s obligations to consummate the closing under the MSD stock purchase agreement are subject to customary conditions.

The MSD stock purchase agreement may be terminated:

•

by any party if the merger agreement is terminated for any reason prior to the closing;

•

by mutual written consent of the parties;

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•

by MSD Partners if SAFE or STAR has breached a representation, warranty or covenant that has prevented the satisfaction of a closing condition of MSD Partners and the breach is uncured for 30 days after written notice from MSD Partners;

•

by SAFE or STAR if MSD Partners has breached a representation, warranty or covenant that has prevented the satisfaction of a closing condition of SAFE or STAR, as applicable, and the breach is uncured for 30 days after written notice from SAFE or STAR, as applicable;

•

by any party if the MSD stock purchase has not been consummated by September 30, 2023, subject to certain conditions; or

•

by any party in the event of certain legal restraints to the closing.

If the MSD stock purchase agreement is terminated due to the termination of the merger agreement, STAR has agreed to reimburse MSD Partners for up to $1.0 million of certain out of pocket expenses. In addition to the expense reimbursement, a termination fee of $2.0 million will be payable to MSD if the merger and spin-off have not been completed by March 31, 2023 and the MSD stock purchase agreement is terminated thereafter because the merger has not been consummated.

MSD Caret Unit Subscription Agreement

SAFE and Caret Ventures entered into a subscription agreement, dated as of August 10, 2022, with MSD Partners under which MSD Partners subscribed for and has agreed to purchase 100,000 Caret units for an aggregate purchase price of $20,000,000.00, or $200.00 per Caret unit, payable in cash. We refer to this transaction as the “MSD Caret unit purchase.” The closing of the MSD Caret unit purchase will take place immediately prior to, and on the same date as, the closing of the merger, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions including that the closing of the MSD stock purchase, as described above, takes place substantially concurrently with the closing of the MSD Caret unit purchase. If either the merger agreement or the MSD stock purchase agreement for the MSD stock purchase is terminated for any reason, the MSD Caret unit subscription agreement (as defined below) will also terminate. The closing of the MSD Caret unit purchase is not a condition to the closing of the merger; however, if the MSD Caret unit purchase does not close for any reason, STAR would need to raise additional cash from other sources in order to satisfy its covenant under the merger agreement to repay its senior unsecured notes in full. This summary is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the subscription agreement governing the MSD Caret unit purchase (which we refer to as the “MSD Caret unit subscription agreement”), which is attached as Annex D to this joint proxy statement/prospectus and is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/​prospectus.

The MSD Caret unit subscription agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants of SAFE, Caret Ventures and MSD Partners. Among other covenants, each party has agreed to take, or cause to be taken, on a cooperative basis, all actions to consummate the MSD Caret unit purchase, including drafting, delivering and entering into such agreements and documents as may be necessary or reasonably advisable. MSD Partners’ obligations to complete the MSD Caret unit purchase are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions, including the following:

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the closing of the merger and spin-off;

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the closing of the MSD stock purchase;

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the completion of the SAFE Caret amendment, including the approval of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal at the special meeting;

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the entry into certain related agreements by SAFE, Portfolio Holdings and MSD Partners;

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certain representations of Caret Ventures and SAFE being true and correct in all respects;

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certain representations of Caret Ventures and SAFE being true and correct in all respects, except for inaccuracies that, individually or in the aggregate, have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a “Safe Material Adverse Effect,” as defined in the MSD stock purchase agreement;

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there is no legal or regulator impediment to the closing of the MSD Caret unit purchase;

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SAFE and Caret Ventures having complied with their respective covenants and agreements in all material respects;

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Caret Ventures or Portfolio Holdings, as applicable, having delivered a tax opinion if it intends on the closing date of the MSD Caret unit purchase to qualify as a REIT;

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the Portfolio Holdings LLCA having been executed and delivered to MSD Partners; and

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the delivery of certain officers’ certificates.

Each of SAFE’s and Caret Ventures’ obligations to consummate the closing under the MSD Caret unit subscription agreement are subject to customary conditions.

The MSD Caret unit subscription agreement may be terminated:

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by any party if the merger agreement or MSD stock purchase agreement is terminated for any reason prior to the closing;

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by mutual written consent of the parties;

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by MSD Partners if SAFE or Caret has breached a representation, warranty or covenant that has prevented the satisfaction of a closing condition of MSD Partners and the breach is uncured for 60 days after written notice from MSD Partners;

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by SAFE or Caret Ventures if MSD Partners has breached a representation, warranty or covenant that has prevented the satisfaction of a closing condition of SAFE or STAR, as applicable, and the breach is uncured for 60 days after written notice from SAFE or Caret Ventures, as applicable;

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by any party if the MSD Caret unit purchase has not been consummated by September 30, 2023, subject to certain conditions; or

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by any party in the event of certain legal restraints to the closing.

Stockholder’s Agreement

SAFE and MSD Partners will enter into a stockholder’s agreement at the closing of the MSD stock purchase. The stockholder’s agreement will become effective at the earlier of the effective time of the merger and two business days after the closing of the MSD stock purchase. This summary is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the form of stockholder’s agreement between SAFE and MSD Partners (which we refer to as the “stockholder’s agreement”), which is an exhibit to the MSD stock purchase agreement attached as Annex C to this joint proxy statement/prospectus and which is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

The stockholder’s agreement provides MSD Partners with a preemptive right to purchase common stock of SAFE following certain new issuances of common stock by SAFE. In respect of a new issuance, MSD Partners will have the right to purchase a number of shares of SAFE common stock equal to its proportionate share of the new issuance, based on MSD Partners’ then current percentage ownership of SAFE common stock. MSD Partners will pay the same price to SAFE as third parties paid in the new issuance. New issuances pursuant to SAFE’s equity compensation plans are excluded from MSD Partners’ preemptive right.

The stockholder’s agreement prohibits MSD Partners from transferring any of the SAFE common stock it acquires in the MSD stock purchase on or before (a) the nine-month anniversary of the closing of the MSD stock purchase, if it closes on or before December 31, 2022, and (b) the later to occur of (i) September 30, 2023 and (ii) the three-month anniversary of the closing of the MSD stock purchase, if the closing occurs on or after January 1, 2023, in each case without SAFE’s prior consent, not to be unreasonably withheld. Certain transfers to affiliates and bona fide pledges are excluded.

The stockholder’s agreement also provides that (i) MSD Partners will be subject to certain standstill restrictions and (ii) MSD Partners will have the right to designate an observer to SAFE’s board of directors, in each case, until such time as MSD Partners and its affiliates own less than 5.0% of SAFE’s outstanding common stock, as calculated in accordance with the stockholder’s agreement.

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Registration Rights Agreement

SAFE and MSD Partners will enter into a registration rights agreement at the closing of the MSD stock purchase that will obligate SAFE to file a shelf registration statement to register MSD Partners’ shares of SAFE common stock and other “registrable shares”, as defined in the agreement, for resale in accordance with distribution methods selected by MSD Partners which may include underwritten public offerings. SAFE will be required to reasonably cooperate with MSD Partners in connection with any underwritten offerings, block trades and bought deals. MSD Partners will also have piggyback registration rights. The registration rights agreement will become effective at the earlier of the effective time of the merger and two business days after the closing of the MSD stock purchase.

The agreement contains customary suspension provisions and restrictions on sales at certain times. SAFE also agrees to provide customary indemnification and contribution to MSD Partners. This summary is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the form of registration rights agreement between SAFE and MSD Partners (which we refer to as the “registration rights agreement”), which is an exhibit to the MSD stock purchase agreement attached as Annex C to this joint proxy statement/prospectus and which is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

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THE MERGER AGREEMENT

The following section summarizes material provisions of the merger agreement. This summary does not purport to be complete and may not contain all of the information about the merger agreement that is important to you. This summary is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the merger agreement, which is attached as Annex A to this joint proxy statement/prospectus and is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The rights and obligations of the parties are governed by the express terms and conditions of the merger agreement and not by this summary or any other information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. You are urged to read the merger agreement carefully and in its entirety before making any decisions regarding the merger agreement and the merger.

The summary of the merger agreement is included in this joint proxy statement/prospectus only to provide you with information regarding the terms and conditions of the merger agreement, and not to provide any other factual information about STAR or SAFE or their respective subsidiaries or businesses. Accordingly, the representations and warranties and other provisions of the merger agreement should not be read alone, but instead should be read together with the information provided elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/​prospectus. For more information, see “Where You Can Find More Information.”

The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the merger agreement and described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus were made only for purposes of the merger agreement and as of specific dates and may be subject to more recent developments, were made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the merger agreement and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties, including being qualified by reference to confidential disclosures, for the purposes of allocating risk between the parties to the merger agreement instead of establishing these matters as facts, and may apply standards of materiality in a way that is different from what may be viewed as material by you or other investors. The representations and warranties contained in the merger agreement do not survive the effective time of the merger. Investors should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants or any description thereof as characterizations of the actual state of facts or conditions of STAR, SAFE or any of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates. Moreover, information concerning the subject matter of the representations, warranties and covenants may change after the date of the merger agreement, which subsequent information may or may not be fully reflected in public disclosures by STAR or SAFE.

Form of the Merger

Pursuant to the merger agreement, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement and in accordance with the MGCL, at the effective time of the merger, SAFE will be merged with and into STAR, with STAR continuing as the surviving corporation of the merger.

Merger Consideration

In connection with the merger, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement, each share of SAFE common stock (other than shares owned directly by SAFE or STAR or any of the wholly-owned subsidiaries of SAFE or STAR and not on behalf of third parties) outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will be converted into the right to receive one (1) newly issued share of New SAFE common stock (which we refer to as the “exchange ratio”). The exchange ratio is fixed and will not be adjusted to reflect stock price changes prior to the effective time of the merger.

Following the SpinCo reorganization and the SpinCo distribution and immediately prior to the merger, the charter amendment and the par value charter amendment will be effected, such that each share of STAR common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the charter amendment effective time will be consolidated, by means of a reverse stock split, into that number of shares of STAR common stock equal to the STAR share consolidation ratio, with the par value change to occur after the reverse split. Each share of STAR common stock issued and outstanding immediately following the par value charter amendment and immediately prior to the effective time shall remain outstanding as a share of New SAFE common stock and shall not be affected by the merger. In the event that, as a result of the reverse split, a holder of STAR common stock would hold a fractional share of STAR common stock, such stockholder’s fractional share shall be sold, and the net proceeds therefrom remitted to such stockholder, reduced by any and all

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commissions, transfer taxes and out-of-pocket transaction costs, as well as any expenses of the designated selling transfer agent incurred in connection with such sales.

Furthermore, at the effective time, each share of STAR Series D preferred stock, STAR 7.65% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and STAR 7.50% Series I Cumulative Redeemable preferred stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time shall automatically be converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to $25.00 plus the aggregate amount of all accrued and unpaid dividends on such share of preferred stock as of the effective time.

For more information, see “— Exchange of Shares in the Merger.”

Treatment of STAR Equity Awards in the Charter Amendment and SAFE Equity Awards in the Merger

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At the charter amendment effective time, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement, each STAR restricted stock unit that is issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will be adjusted to correspond to a number of shares of STAR common stock (rounded to the nearest whole share) equal to the product obtained by multiplying (i) the number of shares of STAR common stock subject to such STAR restricted stock unit as of immediately prior to the charter amendment effective time by (ii) the STAR share consolidation ratio. Each unvested STAR restricted stock unit issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger shall become fully vested immediately prior to the effective time of the merger and shall be converted at the closing into the right to receive the number of shares of STAR common stock then subject to such STAR restricted stock unit.

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At the effective time of the merger, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement, each SAFE restricted stock award that is outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will be assumed by STAR and will be converted into a STAR restricted stock award with respect to a number of shares of STAR common stock (rounded to the nearest whole share) equal to the number of shares of SAFE common stock subject to such SAFE restricted stock unit as of immediately prior to the effective time of the merger.

Closing; Effective Time of the Merger

Unless the parties otherwise agree in writing, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement, the closing of the merger will take place remotely on the date that is the third business day after the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the merger agreement (other than those conditions that, by their terms, are to be satisfied on the closing date, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of those conditions at the time of closing).

Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement, the merger will become effective at the time the articles of merger for the merger of SAFE with and into STAR are accepted for record by the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland or at such later time as may be agreed to by the parties in writing and specified in the articles of merger (not to exceed 30 days from filing).

Charter and Bylaws

At the effective time of the merger, STAR’s charter (which we refer to as the “STAR charter”) will be amended in the merger to be in the form of the charter of SAFE as in effect immediately prior to the effective time of the merger and, as so amended, will be the charter of New SAFE, as the surviving corporation in the merger, provided that the name of New SAFE will be amended to be “Safehold Inc.”

At the effective time of the merger, STAR’s bylaws (which we refer to as the “STAR bylaws”) as in effect immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will be the bylaws of New SAFE, as the surviving corporation in the merger, provided that the name of New SAFE will be amended to be “Safehold Inc.”

Directors and Officers

The parties have agreed that, from and after the effective time of the merger, and until such time their successors have been duly elected and qualify or until their earlier death, resignation or removal in accordance

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with New SAFE’s organizational documents, the directors of New SAFE shall consist of a total of seven directors, three of whom will be designated by STAR and four of whom will be designated by SAFE.

In addition, the parties have agreed that, from and after the effective time of the merger, and until such time their successors have been duly appointed and qualified or until their earlier death, resignation or removal in accordance with New SAFE’s organizational documents, the officers of STAR as immediately prior to the effective time will be the officers of New SAFE.

Exchange of Shares in the Merger

At or prior to the effective time of the merger, STAR will appoint an exchange agent who is reasonably acceptable to SAFE to handle the exchange of shares of SAFE common stock and STAR preferred stock for New SAFE common stock and the STAR preferred stock merger consideration, respectively. Within five business days after the effective time of the merger, the exchange agent will send to (i) each holder of record of a certificate or certificates which immediately prior to the effective time of the merger represented outstanding SAFE common stock or STAR preferred stock or (ii) holders of record of uncertificated SAFE common stock or STAR preferred stock represented by book-entry, a letter of transmittal and instructions for effecting the exchange of such certificates or book-entry shares for the merger consideration the holder is entitled to receive under the merger agreement, cash in lieu of fractional shares of STAR common stock, if any, to be issued or paid in consideration therefor, and any dividends or distributions, in each case, to which such holders are entitled pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement.

Upon surrender of stock certificates or book-entry shares for cancellation along with the executed letter of transmittal and other documents described in the instructions, each holder of SAFE common stock will receive one (1) share of New SAFE common stock for each share of SAFE common stock and each holder of STAR preferred stock will receive the STAR preferred stock merger consideration for each share of STAR preferred stock.

Holders of shares of STAR common stock are not required to take any action with respect to their shares of STAR common stock.

No fractional shares of New SAFE common stock will be issued upon the conversion of shares of SAFE common stock.

Representations and Warranties of STAR and SAFE

The merger agreement contains representations and warranties made by each of STAR and SAFE to each other. These representations and warranties are subject to qualifications and limitations agreed to by STAR and SAFE in connection with negotiating the terms of the merger agreement. Some of the significant representations and warranties of both STAR and SAFE contained in the merger agreement relate to, among other things:

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organization, standing, corporate power and organizational documents;

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capital structure;

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authority relative to execution and delivery of, and performance of obligations under, the merger agreement;

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SEC documents, financial statements, internal controls, SEC correspondence and accounting and auditing practices;

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accuracy of information supplied or to be supplied in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, the registration statement of which it forms a part or the Form 10;

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absence of certain changes and non-existence of a material adverse effect, since December 31, 2021;

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board approval of the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger;

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exemption from anti-takeover statutes;

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required stockholder approval;

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brokers’ and finders’ fees in connection with the merger or the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; and

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receipt of opinions from each party’s financial advisors.

In addition, the merger agreement contains the following representations and warranties made by STAR to SAFE:

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compliance with laws;

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legal proceedings;

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tax matters, including qualification as a REIT;

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existence and validity of material contracts;

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benefit plans;

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collective bargaining agreements and other labor matters;

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real property and loans;

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compliance with environmental laws;

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ownership of or licenses to certain intellectual property;

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permits; and

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existence of insurance policies.

Definition of “Material Adverse Effect”

Many of the representations of STAR and SAFE are qualified by a “material adverse effect” standard (that is, they will not be deemed to be untrue or incorrect unless their failure to be true or correct, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect). “Material adverse effect,” for purposes of the merger agreement, means any change, effect, development, circumstance, condition, state of facts, event or occurrence that has a materially adverse effect on the assets, properties, liabilities, financial condition, business or results of operations of STAR or SAFE, as applicable, including its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, except that no change, effect, development, circumstance, condition, state of facts, event or occurrence arising out of or resulting from any of the following will constitute a material adverse effect:

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any changes in general U.S. or global economic conditions;

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changes generally affecting the industry or industries in which such party operates;

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any change in law or the interpretation thereof or GAAP or the interpretation thereof;

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acts of war, armed hostility or terrorism or any worsening thereof;

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pandemics (including COVID-19), earthquakes, hurricanes, tornados or other natural disasters or calamities;

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quarantine, “shelter in place,” “stay at home,” social distancing, shut down, closure, sequester, safety or similar law promulgated by any governmental entity, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization, in connection with or in response to COVID-19 or another pandemic;

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any effect to the extent attributable to the negotiation, announcement or consummation of the merger agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby;

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any litigation resulting from, arising out of or relating to the merger agreement or the consummation of the transaction contemplated thereby;

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any failure in and of itself by such party to meet any internal or published projections (whether published by such party or any analysts) or forecasts or estimates of revenues or earnings or results of operations for any period (however, the facts and circumstances giving rise to such failure that are not otherwise excluded from the definition of a material adverse effect may be taken into account in determining whether there has been a material adverse effect);

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any change in the price or trading volume of such party’s common stock or any publicly traded securities of such party (however, the facts and circumstances giving rise to such change that are not otherwise excluded from the definition of a material adverse effect may be taken into account in determining whether there has been a material adverse effect);

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any reduction in the credit rating of such party or its subsidiaries (however, the facts and circumstances giving rise to such reduction that are not otherwise excluded from the definition of a material adverse effect may be taken into account in determining whether there has been a material adverse effect); and

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any bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of any tenant under any of its leases or the commencement of any bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization proceeding with respect to any tenant under any of its leases.

However, if any change, effect, development, circumstance, condition, state of facts, event or occurrence described in any of the first five bullets above has had a disproportionate adverse impact on such party relative to other companies of comparable size to such party operating in the industry in which such party operates, then the incremental impact of such event will be taken into account for the purpose of determining whether a “material adverse effect” has occurred.

Conduct of Business Pending the Merger

Under the merger agreement, between August 10, 2022 and the earlier of the effective time of the merger or the termination of the merger agreement, unless (i) expressly contemplated or required by the merger agreement, (ii) as set forth in the parties’ confidential disclosure schedules exchanged by the parties in connection with the execution of the merger agreement, (iii) required by applicable law or regulation or requirements of any stock exchange or regulatory organization applicable to such party or its subsidiaries, (iv) in connection with COVID-19 measures or (v) consented to by the other party (which consent may not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) or in the case of SAFE, with the knowledge of STAR, each of STAR and SAFE and its respective subsidiaries have agreed to use reasonable best efforts to conduct its respective business in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, to use its respective reasonable best efforts to preserve its business organizations intact and maintain its existing relations and goodwill with customers, suppliers, distributors, creditors, lessors and tenants and maintain the state of the applicable party as a REIT, as well as not to, and not to cause its subsidiaries to (subject to specified exceptions):

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split, combine, subdivide or reclassify any shares of capital stock or other equity interests (other than, in the case of STAR, the reverse split);

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repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire its capital stock or other equity interests or securities convertible into or exercisable for any shares of capital stock, except for the acquisition of such party’s common stock in connection with the common shares tendered by holders of equity awards in order to pay the exercise price of such equity awards and/or satisfy tax withholding, and, in the case of STAR, acquisitions of STAR convertible notes in connection with conversion of STAR convertible notes for STAR common stock in accordance with the STAR convertible notes indenture or exchange of STAR convertible notes;

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enter into or adopt a plan of merger, liquidation, dissolution, consolidation, recapitalization or reorganization, including any bankruptcy related action, other than transactions among the parties’ wholly owned subsidiaries, and in the case of STAR, other than in connection with the SpinCo reorganization and SpinCo distribution;

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make acquisitions of assets or business, whether by merger, consolidation, purchase or otherwise, other than (i) in the case of STAR, (A) that would not be reasonably be expected to materially delay, impede or prevent the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and (B) for which the fair market value of the total consideration paid by STAR and its subsidiaries does not exceed $2.5 million per calendar quarter in the aggregate and (ii) in the case of SAFE, (A) that would not be reasonably be expected to materially delay, impede or prevent the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and (B) which are made in the ordinary course of SAFE’s business;

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sell, pledge, assign, transfer, dispose of or encumber, or effect a deed in lieu of foreclosure with respect to, any property or assets (in the case of STAR, tangible or intangible), or, in the case of STAR, voluntarily exercise any purchase or sale rights or rights of first offer, other than (i) pledges and encumbrances on property and assets in the ordinary course of business and that would not be material to such party’s property or assets, or that of its subsidiaries, (ii) with respect to property or assets with a fair market value of less than $30 million per calendar quarter in the aggregate, (iii) transactions solely among each party’s wholly owned subsidiaries or (iv) sales required by existing purchase rights or options made available to the other party prior to August 10, 2022, and, in the case of STAR, (A) sales of assets that would otherwise be owned by SpinCo and its subsidiaries after the SpinCo distribution if such assets had not been sold, (B) sales of SAFE common stock expressly permitted by the voting agreement, (C) syndicating limited partnership interests in the STAR joint ventures and (D) sales of GL+ assets to SAFE pursuant to existing agreements between STAR and SAFE to purchase the assets;

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incur, create, assume, refinance, prepay or replace any indebtedness (including issuance or amendment of debt securities, as well as assumption or guaranteeing of the indebtedness of any other person), other than (i) borrowings under the parties’ existing credit agreements in the ordinary course of business, (ii) indebtedness owed by the parties’ wholly owned subsidiaries to such party or between wholly owned subsidiaries, (iii) refinancing of existing indebtedness of the parties or any of their subsidiaries to the extent that the material terms are reasonable market terms and the aggregate principal amount of such financing is not increased (other than, in the case of STAR, to pay for accrued but unpaid interest on such refinanced indebtedness and the reasonable fees and expenses incurred in connection with such refinancing) and (iv) in the case of STAR, the redemption of STAR’s 4.75% senior notes due 2024, STAR’s 4.25% senior notes due 2025 and STAR’s 5.50% senior notes due 2026 and termination of the STAR credit facilities;

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change their methods of accounting or accounting policies, except as required by changes in GAAP or in applicable law or SEC regulations;

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make any material loans, advances or capital contributions to, or investments in, any other person (including to any of its officers, directors, affiliates, agents or consultants), make any change in its existing borrowing or lending arrangements for or on behalf of such persons, or enter into any “keep well” or similar agreement to maintain the financial condition of another entity, other than (i) by each party or its wholly owned subsidiaries to such party or another wholly owned subsidiary, (ii) loans or advances required to be made under each party’s leases, (iii) capital contributions or investments required to be made by each party or its subsidiaries or (iv) in the ordinary course of business;

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take or fail to take any action which would reasonably be expected to cause STAR or SAFE to fail to qualify as a REIT;

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take or fail to take any action which would reasonably be expected to cause any subsidiary of either STAR or SAFE to cease to be treated as a partnership or disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes or as a qualified REIT subsidiary, taxable REIT subsidiary or a REIT under the Code;

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take or knowingly fail to take any action which could reasonably be expected to prevent the merger from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code;

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make, change or rescind any material tax election, change a material method of tax accounting, amend any material tax return, settle or compromise any material income tax liability, audit, claim or assessment, enter into any material closing agreement related to taxes or surrender any right to claim any material tax refund, in each case: (i) preserve the REIT qualification of STAR or SAFE (as applicable) or (ii) preserve the status of any subsidiary of each of STAR or SAFE (as applicable) as a partnership or disregarded entity for federal income tax purposes or as a qualified REIT subsidiary, a taxable REIT subsidiary or a REIT under the Code; or

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agree to, or make any commitment to, take, or authorize any of the actions prohibited by the foregoing.

In addition, unless (i) expressly contemplated or required by the merger agreement, (ii) as set forth in STAR’s confidential disclosure schedule provided to STAR in connection with the execution of the merger

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agreement, (iii) required by applicable law or regulation or requirements of any stock exchange or regulatory organization applicable to STAR or its subsidiaries, (iv) in connection with COVID-19 measures or (v) consented to by SAFE (which consent may not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), STAR has agreed that it shall not, and shall cause its subsidiaries not to satisfy the conditions to completion of the merger:

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not cause SAFE or any of its subsidiaries, to directly or indirectly, take any actions or fail to take any actions, as a result of which actions or failure to take actions SAFE or any of its subsidiaries would be unable to satisfy the conditions to completion of the merger or would be in breach of the merger agreement;

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amend any of the organizational documents of STAR or any of its subsidiaries (other than the organizational documents of SpinCo and subsidiaries of STAR that will be subsidiaries of SpinCo in connection with the SpinCo reorganization) or waive any provision thereunder, other than the charter amendment or par value charter amendment;

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enter into any new material line of business or form or enter into a material partnership, joint venture, strategic alliance or other similar arrangement with a third party;

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declare, set aside or pay any dividends or other distributions, other than (i) as described under “— Dividends,” ​(ii) up to $0.125 per share per quarter, with customary declaration, record and payment dates, (iii) pursuant to the terms of STAR’s Series D Preferred Stock, Series G Preferred Stock and Series I Preferred Stock, (iv) by STAR’s wholly owned subsidiaries, (v) as reasonably necessary for STAR and any of its REIT-qualified subsidiaries to maintain their qualifications as REITs and avoid the imposition of entity level income or excise tax, (vi) distributions among wholly-owned subsidiaries as part of the SpinCo reorganization or (vii) the SpinCo distribution;

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issue, deliver or sell, or authorize or propose any issuance, delivery or sale of, shares of its capital stock or that of any subsidiary, voting debt, stock appreciation rights, stock options, restricted shares or other equity-based awards or convertible or exchangeable securities, except (i) issuances of shares of STAR common stock upon the exercise or settlement of equity awards in accordance with the terms of the applicable equity plans and awards as in effect on August 10, 2022, (ii) issuances by a wholly owned subsidiary of its capital stock or other equity interests to its parent or to another wholly owned subsidiary or (iii) issuances of STAR common stock in connection with (A) conversions of STAR convertible notes in accordance with the terms of the STAR convertible notes indenture or (B) exchanges of STAR convertible notes in accordance with certain limitations;

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enter into, renew, modify, amend or terminate, waive, release, compromise or assign any material rights or claims under specified types of material contracts, except for (i) any material rights or claims under any STAR material contract or materially change its course of conduct under the management agreement or alter its past practices for computing amounts payable thereunder in the ordinary course of business on market terms or (ii) entering into any new contract or renewing any contract in the ordinary course of business on market terms;

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other than with respect to matters for which STAR and its subsidiaries will not be responsible after giving effect to the SpinCo reorganization and the SpinCo distribution, waive, release, assign, settle or compromise any claim, action, litigation, arbitration or proceeding, other than waivers, releases, assignments, settlements or compromises that (i) involve only the payment of monetary damages that do not exceed $2.5 million in the aggregate, (ii) do not involve the imposition of injunctive relief against STAR or any of its subsidiaries and (iii) do not provide for any admission of any liability by STAR or any of its subsidiaries;

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enter into, renew, modify, amend or terminate, waive, release, compromise or assign any rights or claims under any lease, other than (i) entering into any new lease or renewing any lease in the ordinary course of business on market terms, (ii) terminating any lease as a result of a default by the counterparty to such lease (in accordance with the terms of such lease and subject to any applicable cure period therein) or (iii) any termination or renewal in accordance with the terms of any existing lease that occurs automatically without any action by STAR or any of its subsidiaries;

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except as required by law or the terms of any STAR benefit plan in effect as of August 10, 2022, (i) increase or materially decrease the compensation of any current or former directors, employees or

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other individual service providers of STAR or any of its subsidiaries, (ii) grant any new equity-based awards to any current or former directors grant any new equity-based awards to current or former directors, employees or other individual service providers, (iii), establish, adopt, enter into or amend any STAR benefit plan if in effect on August 10, 2022 or (iv) take any action to accelerate the vesting or payment, or fund or in any way secure the payment of compensation or benefits under any STAR benefit plan, except in the cases of (ii) and (iii), (A) in conjunction with annual renewal or plan design changes for STAR benefit plans, providing group health or welfare benefits that are made in the ordinary course of business and do not materially increase the cost to STAR or any of its subsidiaries or (B) in conjunction with new hires, promotions and changes in job position or status of any current employee or other service provider, consistent with past practice;

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negotiate, extend or enter into any labor agreement or reorganize or certify any labor union, labor organization or group of employees as the bargaining representative for any employees of STAR or its subsidiaries;

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implement any reductions in force, plant closings, temporary layoffs, material work schedule changes or other such actions that could implicate the WARN act;

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waive or release any restrictive covenant obligation of any current or former employee or independent contractor;

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enter into any contract with, or engage in any transaction with, any of its affiliates (other than its subsidiaries, or with the prior approval of the independent directors of each of SAFE and STAR, STAR or Subsidiaries of STAR), directors or stockholders (or affiliates of the foregoing (other than its subsidiaries, or with the prior approval of the independent directors of each of SAFE and STAR, STAR or subsidiaries of STAR), other than transactions with directors and officers in the ordinary course as long as such transactions are applicable for all directors or all officers, respectively; or

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agree to, or make any commitment to, take, or authorize any of the actions prohibited by the foregoing.

In addition, unless (i) expressly contemplated or required by the merger agreement, (ii) as set forth in SAFE’s confidential disclosure schedule provided to STAR in connection with the execution of the merger agreement, (iii) required by applicable law or regulation or requirements of any stock exchange or regulatory organization applicable to SAFE or its significant subsidiaries, (iv) in connection with COVID-19 measures or (v) consented to by STAR (which consent may not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) or with the knowledge of STAR, SAFE has agreed that it shall not, and shall cause its subsidiaries not to:

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other than in the ordinary course of business or in a manner that is not adverse to SAFE in any material respect, amend any of its organizational documents of SAFE or the SAFE operating partnership or waive any provision thereunder;

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declare, set aside or pay any dividends or other distributions, other than (i) as described under “— Dividends,” ​(ii) up to $0.20 per share per quarter, with customary declaration, record and payment dates, (iii) by SAFE’s wholly owned subsidiaries (including distributions of assets to SAFE or to another direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of SAFE) or (iv) as reasonably necessary for SAFE and any of its REIT-qualified subsidiaries to maintain their qualifications as REITs and avoid the imposition of entity level income or excise tax;

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issue, deliver or sell, or authorize or propose any issuance, delivery or sale of, shares of its capital stock or that of any subsidiary, voting debt, stock appreciation rights, stock options, restricted shares or other equity-based awards or convertible or exchangeable securities, except for (i) issuances of shares of SAFE common stock upon the exercise or settlement of equity awards in accordance with the terms of the applicable equity plans and awards as in effect on August 10, 2022 and (ii) issuances by a wholly owned subsidiary of its capital stock or other equity interests to its parent or to another wholly owned subsidiary of SAFE;

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enter into, renew, modify, amend or terminate, waive, release, compromise or assign any rights or claims under, any SAFE material contract except for any termination or renewal in accordance with

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the terms of any existing SAFE material contract that occurs automatically without any action by SAFE or any of its subsidiaries;

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make or commit to make any capital expenditures, other than in the ordinary course of business (including routine, maintenance and repairs and in respect of new construction) or to address obligations under existing contracts or in connection with emergency repairs; or

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agree to, or make any commitment to, take, or authorize any of the actions prohibited by the foregoing.

Other Covenants and Agreements

The merger agreement contains certain other covenants and agreements, including covenants related to:

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cooperation between STAR and SAFE in the preparation of this joint proxy statement/prospectus;

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each of SAFE and STAR taking all lawful action to call, give notice of, convene and hold a meeting of its stockholders as promptly as practicable for the purpose of obtaining the required vote of its stockholders to approve the merger;

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STAR’s agreement to afford the representatives of SAFE access to its books, contracts and records during normal business hours;

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each party’s agreement to cooperate to prepare the applicable filings, or obtain the applicable clearances, consents, authorizations, approvals or waivers with respect to the merger, the charter amendment, the par value charter amendment, the SpinCo reorganization, the SpinCo distribution, the STAR stock issuance, and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement under any applicable laws;

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STAR’s agreement to take all actions to obtain the Additional Cash Proceeds (as such term is defined in the merger agreement) as promptly as practicable;

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STAR’s agreement to use its reasonable best efforts to cause the shares of New SAFE common stock to be issued in connection with the merger to be approved for listing on the NYSE and the SpinCo common shares being distributed in connection with the SpinCo distribution to be approved for listing on SpinCo’s designated exchange, subject to official notice of issuance and to consummate and make effective the charter amendment, the par value charter amendment, the SpinCo reorganization, the SpinCo distribution, the STAR stock issuance and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement;

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STAR’s agreement to assist and cooperate in good faith to cause SAFE to fulfill all of its obligations under the merger agreement, to cause the SpinCo manager to follow all instructions of the SAFE special committee to cause SAFE to take actions or not take actions and for the SpinCo manager to provide all services contemplated by the management agreement in connection with any acquisition proposal or superior proposal;

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cooperation between both parties in connection with press releases and other public statements with respect to the merger;

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the use by both parties of reasonable best efforts to cause the merger to qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code;

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SAFE’s agreement to provide commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate and assist with STAR’s assumption of SAFE’s outstanding SAFE’s debt agreements, provided that SAFE shall not be required to take any action until STAR shall have provided SAFE with the drafts of necessary documentation required in connection with such debt assumption at least ten business days prior to the date of such requested action, it being understood that STAR shall, promptly upon request by SAFE, reimburse SAFE and its subsidiaries and representatives for all reasonable, documented and invoiced out-of-pocket costs actually incurred by SAFE or its subsidiaries in connection with any cooperation;

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STAR’s agreement to take all such steps as may be necessary to pay or cause to be paid the full amount of interest under the STAR existing notes and existing indentures;

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each party’s agreement to give the other party the opportunity to participate in the defense or settlement of any stockholder litigation against the other party or any of its subsidiaries, directors, officers or employees relating to the merger or the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement;

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cooperation between both parties in connection with the delisting of SAFE’s common stock from the NYSE and termination of registration under the Exchange Act;

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each party’s agreement to take reasonably necessary and advisable steps to cause any disposition of SAFE’s securities or acquisition of STAR securities pursuant to the merger by SAFE’s directors or officers to be exempt under Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act;

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with respect to the SpinCo reorganization and SpinCo distribution, each party’s agreement to cooperate in good faith and use their reasonable best efforts to take all actions to cause (A) the SpinCo reorganization and SpinCo distribution to be executed and (B) effect the SpinCo reorganization and the SpinCo distribution in accordance with their terms, including STAR’s reasonable best efforts to prepare and cause SpinCo to file the Form 10;

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SAFE’s option to internalize the management business from STAR if the merger agreement is terminated by either STAR or SAFE and the outside date has occurred; and

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STAR’s agreement to use reasonable best efforts to seek syndication of STAR’s limited partner interests in existing joint ventures of STAR.

Dividends

Prior to the closing, STAR and SAFE may continue to pay their regular quarterly dividends, in the case of SAFE, at a rate not to exceed a quarterly rate of $0.20 per share of SAFE common stock and, in the case of STAR, at a rate not to exceed a quarterly rate of $0.125 per share of STAR common stock.

In connection with the closing of the merger, STAR will declare a dividend to the holders of STAR common stock, and SAFE will declare a dividend to the holders of SAFE common stock, the record date and, to the extent practicable, the payment date for each of which will be the close of business on the last business day prior to the closing of the merger, subject to funds being legally available for such dividends. The per share dividend amount payable by each of STAR and SAFE will be an amount equal to its most recent quarterly dividend, multiplied by the number of days elapsed since the last dividend record date through and including the business day prior to the closing date, and divided by the actual number of days in the calendar quarter in which such dividend is declared.

In addition, STAR and SAFE have agreed that the other party, with notice to the other, can declare or pay a REIT dividend. If one party declares a REIT dividend, the other party can declare a dividend per share in the same amount.

Conditions to Completion of the Merger

The respective obligations of STAR and SAFE to effect the charter amendment, the par value charter amendment and the merger are subject to certain conditions being satisfied or waived by both parties in writing. These conditions include, among others:

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the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class (with each share of STAR common stock entitling the holder thereof to one vote and each share of STAR Series D preferred stock entitling the holder thereof to 0.25 of a vote), to approve the STAR merger proposal;

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the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes cast by holders of outstanding shares of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock, voting together as a single class (with each share of STAR common stock entitling the holder thereof to one vote and each share of STAR Series D preferred stock entitling the holder thereof to 0.25 of a vote), to approve the STAR stock issuance proposal;

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the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock entitled to vote thereon to approve the SAFE merger proposal;

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the SpinCo reorganization and the SpinCo distribution shall have been consummated;

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the approval of listing of STAR common stock to be issued in the merger shall have been approved on the NYSE, and the SpinCo common shares being distributed in connection with the SpinCo distribution shall have been approved for listing on SpinCo’s designated exchange;

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the SEC having declared effective the Form 10 and the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part, and the Form 10 and the registration statement not being the subject of any stop order or proceedings seeking a stop order;

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the absence of any temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other legal restraint, prohibition or binding order of any court or other governmental entity of competent jurisdiction that prevents the consummation of the charter amendment, the par value charter amendment or the merger; and

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the absence of any action taken or statute, rule, regulation or order enacted, entered, enforced or deemed applicable to the charter amendment, par value charter amendment or the merger by any governmental entity of competent jurisdiction which makes the consummation of the charter amendment, the par value charter amendment or the merger illegal.

In addition, the obligation of STAR to effect the charter amendment, the par value charter amendment and the merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the following additional conditions:

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the representations and warranties of SAFE set forth in the merger agreement with respect to its organization, standing and power, capital structure (other than representations with respect to share due authorization, valid issuance, fully paid and non-assessable and free of pre-emptive rights) and board approval shall be true and correct in all material respects as of August 10, 2022 and as of the closing date (except to the extent expressly made as of on an earlier date, in which case as of such earlier date);

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the representations and warranties of SAFE set forth in the merger agreement with respect to absence of a material adverse effect that is continuing since December 31, 2021 being true and correct in all respects as of the closing date;

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the representations and warranties of SAFE set forth in the merger agreement with respect to all other matters being true and correct as of the closing date (except to the extent made as of an earlier date, in which case as of such earlier date), except for the failure to be true and correct (without giving effect to any limitations as to materiality or a material adverse effect) has not and would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect, provided that no representation or warranty of SAFE set forth in the merger agreement shall be deemed to be true and correct to the extent (x) STAR or any subsidiary of STAR (including the SpinCo manager) has knowledge as of August 10, 2022 of such failure to be true and correct or (y) the principal cause of such failure to be true or correct resulted from any action or failure to take any action of STAR or any subsidiary of STAR other than at the express direction of the STAR special committee;

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SAFE having performed, in all material respects, all obligations required to be performed by it under the merger agreement at or prior to the closing, provided that STAR shall not be deemed to have breached any obligation set forth in the merger agreement to the extent (i) STAR or any subsidiary of STAR (including the SpinCo manager) has knowledge as of the date of the merger agreement of such breach or (ii) the principal cause of such breach resulted from any action or failure to take any action of STAR or any subsidiary of STAR other than at the express direction of the STAR special committee;

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the receipt of an officer certificate signed by the chief executive officer or chief financial officer of SAFE, certifying that the conditions set forth in the four immediately preceding bullets have been satisfied;

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the receipt of an opinion of Clifford Chance US LLP (or, if Clifford Chance US LLP is unable or unwilling to render such opinion, Kirkland & Ellis LLP or another nationally recognized counsel as

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may be reasonably acceptable to STAR), to the effect that the merger will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code; and

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the receipt of an opinion from Kirkland & Ellis LLP (or, if Kirkland & Ellis LLP is unable or unwilling to render such opinion, Clifford Chance US LLP or another nationally recognized counsel as may be reasonably acceptable to SAFE) to the effect that, at all times since SAFE’s taxable year ended 2017 and through the closing date, SAFE has been organized and operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code, and its actual method of operation has enabled SAFE to meet, through the effective time of the merger, the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code.

The obligation of SAFE to effect the merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the following additional conditions:

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the representations and warranties of STAR set forth in the merger agreement with respect to its organization, standing and power, capital structure (other than representations with respect to share due authorization, valid issuance, fully paid and non-assessable and free of pre-emptive rights) and board approval being true and correct in all material respects as of the closing date as though made on and as of the closing date (except to the extent made as of an earlier date, in which case as of such earlier date);

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the representations and warranties of STAR set forth in the merger agreement with respect to the absence of a material adverse effect that is continuing since December 31, 2021 being true and correct in all respects as of the closing date;

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the representations and warranties of STAR set forth in the merger agreement with respect to all other matters being true and correct as of closing date as though made on and as of the closing date (except to the extent expressly made as of an earlier date, in which case as of such date), except for the failure to be true and correct (without giving effect to any limitations as to materiality or a material adverse effect) has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect;

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STAR having performed, in all material respects, all obligations required to be performed by it under the merger agreement at or prior to the closing date;

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the receipt of an officer certificate signed by the chief executive officer or chief financial officer of STAR, certifying that the conditions set forth in the four immediately preceding bullets have been satisfied;

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STAR having obtained Additional Cash Proceeds (as such term is defined in the merger agreement and which includes, without limitation, 50% of any legacy asset sales above $409.0 million, sales of shares of SAFE common stock owned by STAR and certain other reductions of STAR liabilities), which shall be equal to or greater than (i) $194,000,000, if closing is required to occur on or prior to March 31, 2023, (ii) $217,000,000, if closing is required to occur on or prior to April 1, 2023 but on or prior to June 30, 2023, (iii) $239,000,000, if closing is required to occur on or after July 1, 2023, provided that the condition shall be satisfied if STAR has satisfied its obligations to terminate the STAR credit facilities and any other indebtedness for borrowed money of STAR or its subsidiaries and repay in full obligations in respect of the indebtedness thereunder, other than STAR’s trust preferred securities and certain specified indebtedness;

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the receipt of an opinion of Kirkland & Ellis LLP (or, if Kirkland & Ellis LLP is unable or unwilling to render such opinion, Clifford Chance US LLP or another nationally recognized counsel as may be reasonably acceptable to SAFE), to the effect that the merger will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code;

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the receipt of an opinion from Clifford Chance US LLP (or if Clifford Chance US LLP is unable or unwilling to render such opinion, Kirkland & Ellis LLP or another nationally recognized REIT counsel as may be reasonably acceptable to STAR), to the effect that, at all times since STAR’s taxable year ended 2016 and through the closing date, STAR has been organized and operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code, and its proposed method of operation will enable STAR to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code;

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SAFE’s receipt of a copy of the reverse management agreement duly executed by SpinCo; and

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SAFE’s receipt of copies of the governance agreement and the registration rights agreement duly executed by each of SpinCo and STAR.

No Solicitation

In the merger agreement, each of STAR and SAFE agreed to, and to cause its subsidiaries and its and their representatives to, cease immediately and terminate any and all existing activities, discussions or negotiations with any third parties conducted with respect to any acquisition proposal. In addition, each of STAR and SAFE has agreed that neither it nor any of its subsidiaries nor any of the affiliates, directors, officers and employees of it or its subsidiaries will, and each company will cause its other representatives not to, directly or indirectly:

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initiate, solicit, propose or knowingly encourage or facilitate any inquiry or the making of any proposal or offer that constitutes, or would reasonably be expected to lead to, an acquisition proposal, or any other effort or attempt to make or implement an acquisition proposal;

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engage in, continue or otherwise participate in any discussions or negotiations relating to any acquisition proposal or any inquiry, proposal or offer that would reasonably be expected to lead to an acquisition proposal;

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provide any nonpublic information or data in connection with any acquisition proposal or any inquiry, proposal or offer that would reasonably be expected to lead to an acquisition proposal;

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approve or execute or enter into any letter of intent, agreement in principle, merger agreement, business combination agreement, sale or purchase agreement or share exchange agreement, option agreement or other similar agreement related to any acquisition proposal (which we refer to as an “alternative acquisition agreement”); or

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propose or agree to any of the foregoing.

For purposes of the merger agreement, an “acquisition proposal” means any proposal, offer, inquiry or indication of interest relating to a merger, joint venture, partnership, consolidation, dissolution, liquidation, tender offer, recapitalization, reorganization, spin-off, share exchange, business combination or similar transaction involving STAR or SAFE, as applicable, or any of their respective subsidiaries, or any acquisition by any person or group resulting in, or any proposal, offer, inquiry or indication of interest that, in each case, if consummated, would result in any person (or the stockholders or other equity interest holders of such person) or “group” ​(as defined pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act) becoming the beneficial owner of, directly or indirectly, in one or a series of related transactions, 15% or more of the total voting power of any class of equity securities of STAR or SAFE (or of the surviving parent entity in such transaction), as applicable, or 15% or more of the consolidated net revenues, net income or total assets (it being understood that assets include equity securities of subsidiaries) of STAR or SAFE, as applicable, in each case other than the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and other than sales of assets of STAR that would be owned by SpinCo and its subsidiaries after giving effect to the SpinCo reorganization and the SpinCo distribution.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement, each of STAR and SAFE will be permitted, prior to its respective special meeting of stockholders and subject to first entering into a confidentiality agreement and subject to its compliance with the other provisions of its nonsolicitation covenant, to engage in discussions and negotiations with, or provide nonpublic information or data to, any person making an unsolicited bona fide written acquisition proposal with respect to STAR or SAFE, as applicable, which did not result from a breach of the terms of its nonsolicitation covenant and which the STAR special committee or the SAFE special committee, as applicable, determines in good faith (after consultation with its outside legal counsel and financial advisor) constitutes, or is reasonably likely to result in, a superior proposal. The foregoing actions may be undertaken only if the applicable special committee conclude in good faith (after consultation with outside legal counsel) that failure to take such action would be inconsistent with the duties of the applicable board under applicable law.

For purposes of the merger agreement, a “superior proposal” means a bona fide written acquisition proposal (with references to “15% or more” in the definition of “acquisition proposal” being replaced with

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a reference to “more than 50%”) that the STAR special committee or SAFE special committee, respectively, determines in good faith, after consultation with its financial advisors and outside legal counsel, taking into account all legal, financial, timing, regulatory and other aspects of the proposal and the person making the proposal (including any termination fees, expense reimbursement provisions and conditions to consummation), if consummated, would result in a transaction that is more favorable to the stockholders of STAR or SAFE, respectively, than the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.

Each party is required to notify the other party within 48 hours after receipt of an acquisition proposal or receipt of any request for nonpublic information relating to a party or its subsidiaries, or if either party enters into discussions or negotiations concerning any acquisition proposal or provides nonpublic information to any person in connection with an acquisition proposal. Each party has also agreed to keep the other party reasonably informed of the status and terms of any such proposals, offers, discussions or negotiations on a reasonably current basis, including providing a copy of all material documentation or correspondence relating to such proposals, offers, discussions or negotiations (such as proposed agreements), and any material change in its intentions as previously notified.

Change in Recommendation Restrictions and Exceptions

Prior to the special meetings of their respective stockholders, each of the STAR board of directors and the SAFE board of directors agreed that it will not, and will not publicly propose to, nor will any committee of the STAR board of directors or the SAFE board of directors, withhold, withdraw, qualify or modify in any manner adverse to the other party its approval, recommendation or declaration of advisability with respect to the merger agreement, the merger or the transactions contemplated thereby (which we refer to as a “change in recommendation”). Nevertheless, the STAR board of directors (acting on the recommendation of the STAR special committee) and the SAFE board of directors (acting on the recommendation of the SAFE special committee) may make a change in recommendation prior to the special meetings of their respective stockholders in the following circumstances:

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if such board of directors has determined in good faith that an unsolicited bona fide written acquisition proposal that it has received from a third party, which has not been withdrawn and did not result from any violation of the nonsolicitation covenant, constitutes a superior proposal, and the applicable board of directors (acting upon the recommendation of the applicable special committee thereof) has determined in good faith (after consultation with its outside legal counsel) that the failure to make such change in recommendation would be inconsistent with the duties of the applicable board under applicable law; or

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if a material change or development, which does not involve or relate to an acquisition proposal and was neither known to nor reasonably foreseeable by the applicable board as of August 10, 2022, has occurred on or after August 10, 2022, and the applicable board of directors (acting upon the recommendation of the applicable special committee thereof) has determined in good faith (after consultation with its outside legal counsel) that the failure to make such change in recommendation would be inconsistent with the duties of the applicable board under applicable law, as applicable.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, prior to making any change in recommendation, STAR or SAFE, as applicable, must give five business days’ notice of its intention to do so to the other party, which notice must contain certain information relating to the acquisition proposal, development or change in circumstances leading to the proposed change in recommendation, and must engage in good faith discussions with the other party regarding any adjustments or modifications to the terms of the merger agreement proposed by such party. Following such five business day period and prior to making any change in recommendation, the board of directors (acting at the recommendation of the applicable special committee thereof) of the party proposing to make a change in recommendation must again make the determinations described above, after taking into account any adjustment or modification of the terms of the merger agreement proposed by the other party. If there is any amendment to any material term of such superior proposal (including any change in the form or amount of consideration), a new five business day notice and negotiation period will be required.

In addition, subject to compliance with the foregoing terms and the payment of the termination fee described below, either of STAR or SAFE may terminate the merger agreement to enter into an acquisition

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agreement providing for a superior proposal with respect to STAR or SAFE, as applicable. However, prior to terminating the merger agreement, STAR or SAFE, as applicable, must give five business days’ notice of its intention to do so to the other party, which notice must contain certain information relating to the acquisition proposal leading to the proposed termination, and must engage in good faith discussions with the other party regarding any adjustments or modifications to the terms of the merger agreement proposed by such party. Following such five business day period and prior to any such termination, the board of directors (acting at the recommendation of the applicable special committee thereof) of the party proposing to terminate the merger agreement must again make the determinations described above, after taking into account any adjustment or modification of the terms of the merger agreement proposed by the other party. If there is any amendment to any material term of such superior proposal (including any change in the form or amount of consideration), a new five business day notice and negotiation period will be required.

Fees and Expenses

Other than as provided below, whether or not the merger, charter amendment, the par value charter amendment, the SpinCo reorganization, the SpinCo distribution and/or the STAR stock issuance are consummated, all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the merger agreement, the separation and distribution agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby will be paid by the party incurring such expense. Any expenses incurred by STAR in connection with the merger agreement, the separation and distribution agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby shall not constitute “Expenses” ​(as such term is defined under the management agreement) reimbursable to the SpinCo manager by SAFE pursuant to the management agreement.

Termination of the Merger Agreement

Termination.   The merger agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the effective time of the merger, whether before or after the receipt of the requisite stockholder approvals, under the following circumstances:

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by mutual written consent of STAR and SAFE;

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by either STAR or SAFE:

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if any governmental entity of competent jurisdiction issues a final and nonappealable order, decree or ruling, in each case that permanently enjoins or otherwise prohibits the consummation of the merger; however, this right to terminate will not be available to any party whose failure to comply with any provision of the merger agreement has been the principal cause of or resulted in such order, decree or ruling; provided, further, that SAFE shall not be deemed to have failed to comply with any provision of the merger agreement to the extent the principal cause of such failure to comply resulted from any action or failure to take any action of STAR or any Subsidiary of STAR that resulted in a failure by STAR to comply with the provisions of the merger agreement, other than at the express direction of the STAR special committee;

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if the merger is not consummated on or before 5:00 p.m., New York time, on September 30, 2023; however, this right to terminate will not be available to any party whose failure to comply with any provision of the merger agreement has been the principal cause of or resulted in the failure of the merger to be consummated before such date; provided, further, that SAFE shall not be deemed to have failed to comply with any provision of the merger agreement to the extent the principal cause of such failure to comply resulted from any action or failure to take any action of STAR or any Subsidiary of STAR that resulted in a failure by STAR to comply with the provisions of the merger agreement, other than at the express direction of the STAR special committee;

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if there has been a breach by the other party of any covenants or agreements or any of the representations and warranties set forth in the merger agreement, which breach would result in the related closing conditions set forth in the merger agreement not being satisfied on the closing date, and such breach is not cured or is not curable by the earlier of September 30, 2023, or 30 days after receiving notice of such breach, provided that SAFE shall not be deemed to have breached any representation or warranty set forth in the merger agreement to the extent STAR or

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any subsidiary of STAR (including the SpinCo manager) has knowledge of such breach as of August 10, 2022 and SAFE shall not be deemed to have breached any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement set forth in the agreement to the extent the principle course of such breach resulted from any action or failure to take any action of STAR or any subsidiary of STAR that resulted in a failure by STAR to comply with the provisions of the merger agreement, other than at the express direction of the STAR special committee; or

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if the required approvals of either STAR’s stockholders or SAFE’s stockholders have not been obtained upon a vote thereon at the duly convened STAR special meeting or SAFE special meeting;

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by SAFE:

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at any time before the required vote of the STAR stockholders to approve the merger is obtained, upon a change in recommendation of the STAR special committee regarding the approval of the STAR merger proposal;

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at any time before the required vote of the STAR stockholders to approve the merger is obtained, to enter into a superior proposal (subject to compliance with the provisions of the merger agreement regarding nonsolicitation of acquisition proposals); however, the merger agreement may not be so terminated unless the termination fees discussed below have been paid in full prior to or concurrently with such termination; or

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upon a willful and material breach by STAR of its obligations under the merger agreement regarding nonsolicitation of acquisition proposals;

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by STAR:

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at any time before the required vote of the SAFE stockholders to approve the merger is obtained, upon a change in recommendation of the SAFE special committee regarding the approval of the SAFE merger proposal;

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at any time before the required vote of the SAFE stockholders to approve the merger is obtained, to enter into a superior proposal (subject to compliance with the provisions of the merger agreement regarding nonsolicitation of acquisition proposals); however, the merger agreement may not be so terminated unless the termination fees discussed below have been paid in full prior to or concurrently with such termination; or

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upon a willful and material breach by SAFE of its obligations under the merger agreement regarding nonsolicitation of acquisition proposals.

Effect of Termination.   If the merger agreement is terminated, it will become null and void and there will be no liability or obligation on the part of any party or their respective directors or representatives, except that no party will be relieved or released from any liabilities or damages arising out of its fraud or willful and material breach of the merger agreement, and except that the provisions of the merger agreement relating to the internalization option, fees and expenses, effects of termination, termination fees and the general provisions will continue in effect notwithstanding termination of the merger agreement.

Termination Fees and Expense Reimbursement.

STAR.   STAR has agreed to pay a termination fee of $63 million to SAFE in the following circumstances:

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if STAR terminates the merger agreement to enter into a superior proposal;

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if SAFE terminates the merger agreement because of a change of recommendation by the STAR special committee; or

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(1) an acquisition proposal with respect to STAR has been communicated to the STAR special committee or any person or group of persons has publicly made or announced an acquisition proposal with respect to STAR and, in the case of termination as a result of the failure to obtain the STAR stockholder vote, such acquisition proposal has not been publicly withdrawn prior to the date of the STAR special meeting, (2) thereafter the merger agreement is terminated (i) because of the failure

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to obtain the STAR stockholder vote, (ii) because the merger has not been consummated by September 30, 2023 or (iii) due to STAR’s breach of its representations or covenants, and (3) within 12 months of such termination, STAR consummates an acquisition proposal in which the third party that has made the acquisition proposal referenced in clause (1) above acquires at least 50% of STAR’s common stock or assets.

Such termination fee will be the maximum amount owed by STAR in connection with any termination of the merger agreement, except in the case of any fraud or willful and material breach of the merger agreement by STAR. The amount payable by STAR may also be reduced to the extent necessary to maintain SAFE’s qualification as a REIT under the Code. Should any amount of the fee be unpaid because of REIT requirements, the unpaid amount of the fee will be escrowed and paid out over a five- year period.

SAFE.   SAFE has agreed to pay a termination fee of $63 million to STAR in the following circumstances:

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if SAFE terminates the merger agreement to enter into a superior proposal;

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if STAR terminates the merger agreement because of a change of recommendation by the SAFE special committee; or

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(1) an acquisition proposal with respect to SAFE has been communicated to the SAFE special committee or any person or group of persons has publicly made or announced an acquisition proposal with respect to SAFE and, in the case of termination as a result of the failure to obtain the SAFE stockholder vote, such acquisition proposal has not been publicly withdrawn prior to the date of the SAFE special meeting, (2) thereafter the merger agreement is terminated (i) because of the failure to obtain the SAFE stockholder vote, (ii) because the merger has not been consummated by September 30, 2023 or (iii) due to SAFE’s breach of its representations or covenants, and (3) within 12 months of such termination, SAFE consummates an acquisition proposal in which the third party that has made the acquisition proposal referenced in clause (1) above acquires at least 50% of SAFE’s common stock or assets.

Such termination fee will be the maximum amount owed by SAFE in connection with any termination of the merger agreement, except in the case of any fraud or willful and material breach of the merger agreement by SAFE. The amount payable by SAFE may also be reduced to the extent necessary to maintain STAR’s qualification as a REIT under the Code. Should any amount of the fee be unpaid because of REIT requirements, the unpaid amount of the fee will be escrowed and paid out over a five-year period.

Director and Officer Indemnification and Insurance

The merger agreement provides that, for a period of six years from and after the effective time of the merger, New SAFE will indemnify present and former directors and officers of SAFE and its subsidiaries to the extent permitted by law against all costs or expenses (including advancement of expenses), for pre-closing acts or omissions (whether asserted or claimed prior to, at or after the closing of the merger) to the same extent as SAFE would have been permitted to do so pursuant to its or its subsidiaries’ organizational documents.

For six years after the effective time of the merger, New SAFE is required to maintain in effect the provisions in the organizational documents of any SAFE subsidiary, and any agreements (other than insurance contracts) of SAFE and its subsidiaries with any indemnified party, in each case, regarding elimination of liability, indemnification of officers, directors, agents and employees and advancement of expenses that are in existence on August 10, 2022, to the extent that such agreements have been made available to STAR prior to August 10, 2022, and no such provision shall be amended, modified or repealed in any manner that would materially and adversely affect the rights or protections thereunder of any such indemnified party in respect of acts or omissions occurring or alleged to have occurred at or prior to the effective time of the merger (including acts or omissions occurring in connection with the approval of the merger agreement and the consummation of the merger).

Prior to the effective time of the merger, in consultation with STAR, SAFE will purchase a six-year prepaid “tail” policy for the extension of coverage of SAFE’s existing directors’ and officers’ liability

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insurance policies and fiduciary liability insurance policies, in each case for a claims reporting or discovery period of six years from and after the effective time of the merger, on terms and conditions providing coverage retentions, limits and other material terms substantially equivalent to SAFE’s existing policies, subject to an aggregate premium cap 300% of the last annual premium paid by SAFE prior to August 10, 2022. After the effective time of the merger, New SAFE is required to maintain the “tail” policy in full force and effect. SAFE is required to cooperate in good faith and consult with STAR with respect to the procurement of the “tail” policy, including the selection of the broker and the available policy price and coverage options, and is required to consider STAR’s recommendations with respect to such procurement.

Amendment and Waiver of the Merger Agreement

Amendment.   Subject to the provisions of applicable law, at any time prior to the effective time of the merger, the merger agreement may be amended or modified if such amendment or modification is in writing and signed by both SAFE and STAR.

Waiver.   Subject to the provisions of applicable law, at any time prior to the effective time the merger, the merger agreement may be waived if such waiver is in writing and signed by the party against whom the waiver is to be effective.

Governing Law

The merger agreement is governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Maryland (without giving effect to choice of law principles thereof).

Specific Performance; Remedies

STAR and SAFE agreed that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of the merger agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby were not performed in accordance with their specific terms on a timely basis or were otherwise breached and that, in addition to any other remedy to which each party would be entitled at law or in equity, each party will be entitled to an injunction or other equitable relief to prevent breaches of the merger agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions the merger agreement in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland (or if such court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division). In addition, each of the parties has further consented to the assignment of any action or proceeding in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland to the Business and Technology Case Management Program pursuant to Maryland Rule 16-308 (or any successor thereto).

Internalization Option

If the merger agreement is terminated because the merger has not occurred by September 30, 2023, SAFE will have the option under certain circumstances to terminate the existing external management agreement and internalize STAR’s management, which may adversely affect STAR. If SAFE exercises its option under the merger agreement to internalize management, it must pay STAR $100.0 million in shares of SAFE common stock, which is less than the $150.0 million of consideration that was allocated to the termination of the existing management agreement in the negotiations of the merger. If SAFE exercises this option, STAR would become externally-managed by SAFE pursuant to a management agreement that SAFE and STAR have agreed to negotiate in good faith.

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CERTAIN AGREEMENTS RELATED TO THE TRANSACTIONS

Voting Agreement with STAR

The following section summarizes material provisions of the voting agreement between STAR and SAFE. This summary does not purport to be complete and may not contain all of the information about the voting agreement that is important to you. This summary is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the voting agreement, which is attached as Annex H to this joint proxy statement/prospectus and is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The rights and obligations of the parties are governed by the express terms and conditions of the voting agreement and not by this summary or any other information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. You are urged to read the voting agreement carefully and in its entirety before making any decisions regarding the merger agreement and the merger.

Concurrently with the execution of the merger agreement, SAFE entered into a voting agreement with STAR, which, after giving effect to the STAR special distribution paid on December 7, 2022, beneficially owns approximately 33.9 million shares of SAFE common stock, representing approximately 54.3% of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock. The voting agreement generally requires STAR to vote the shares of SAFE common stock representing 41.9% of the issued and outstanding SAFE common stock at such time (which we refer to as the “covered securities”) in favor of (a) approval of the merger and any other matters set forth in this Joint Proxy Statement to be voted upon by holders of SAFE common stock, including the SAFE Caret amendment proposal and (b) any proposal to adjourn or postpone the SAFE special meeting to a later date if there are not sufficient votes to approve the merger and against any acquisition proposals, alternative acquisition agreements (as such terms are respectively defined in “The Merger Agreement — No Solicitation”) or any of the transactions contemplated thereby. The voting agreement also requires that STAR vote the covered securities against (i) any action or agreement that could reasonably be expected to result in any condition to the consummation of the merger not being fulfilled or (ii) any action that could reasonably be expected to materially delay, materially postpone or materially adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger, and any action which could reasonably be expected to result in a material breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement of STAR in the merger agreement. In accordance with the terms of the existing stockholders’ agreement between SAFE and STAR, the remainder of the SAFE common stock owned by STAR will be voted in the same manner and proportion as the votes cast by the remaining shareholders of SAFE.

In addition, the voting agreement generally requires STAR not to transfer the shares of SAFE common stock beneficially owned by STAR prior to the consummation of the merger, other than certain permitted transfers including (a) transfers under the MSD stock purchase agreement, (b) distributions to STAR stockholders required to satisfy REIT requirements for fiscal year 2022, and (c) transfers made pursuant to the “interim share sale provisions” described below. Pursuant to the interim share sale provisions, STAR has an exclusive right to sell shares of SAFE common stock that it owns for a period commencing on the date of the voting agreement and continuing to and including the date that is 90 calendar days after the date of the voting agreement (i.e., from August 10, 2022 until November 8, 2022) (the “STAR exclusivity period”). Following the STAR exclusivity period, SAFE has the exclusive right to issue shares of SAFE common stock during the period beginning on the date that is 91 calendar days after the date of the voting agreement and continuing to and including the date that is 180 calendar days after the date of the voting agreement (i.e., from November 9, 2022 until February 6, 2023), provided that, in connection with any such issuance by SAFE, STAR will have a participation right to sell a number of shares of SAFE common stock in such issuance equal to up to 20% of the total number of shares of SAFE common stock to be sold in such issuance (the “SAFE exclusivity period”). Following the SAFE exclusivity period, during the period beginning on the date that is 181 calendar days after the date of the voting agreement (i.e., February 7, 2023) and ending on the date the voting agreement terminates, SAFE and STAR will jointly participate and coordinate on any sales or issuances of SAFE common stock and will each have a participation right to sell a number of shares of SAFE common stock in any such sale or issuance equal to up to 50% of the total number of shares of SAFE common stock to be sold in such sale or issuance. Notwithstanding the foregoing, during the STAR exclusivity period, STAR’s right to sell shares of SAFE common stock will be suspended, and SAFE will have the exclusive right to sell shares of SAFE common stock, for so long as (i) SAFE is at material

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risk of a ratings downgrade or (ii) the failure of SAFE to sell shares of SAFE common stock would have a material and adverse impact on SAFE’s ability to service existing indebtedness or maintain required leverage ratios.

The voting agreement terminates upon the earliest of (a) the effective time of the merger, (b) a change in recommendation of the SAFE board of directors, (c) the termination of the merger agreement according to its terms or (d) the date both parties mutually consent in writing to such termination.

SpinCo Management Agreement

SpinCo will enter into the SpinCo management agreement with the SpinCo manager concurrently with the completion of the spin-off. Pursuant to the SpinCo management agreement, the SpinCo manager will provide SpinCo with a management team and support personnel.

The SpinCo management agreement requires the SpinCo manager to manage SpinCo’s assets and its subsidiaries’ day-to-day operations in accordance with the management agreement and subject to the supervision of SpinCo’s board of trustees. The SpinCo manager will have only such functions and authority as SpinCo may delegate to it. The management agreement delineates a non-exclusive list of such functions and authorities, including, without limitation, the following:

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managing, financing, retaining, selling, restructuring or disposing of SpinCo’s assets, in accordance with any specific parameters established by SpinCo’s board of trustees;

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advising on the terms of transactions entered into by SpinCo and its subsidiaries and general corporate strategy of SpinCo and its subsidiaries;

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representing and making recommendations to SpinCo in connection with the development, management, leasing, finance and sale of assets;

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with respect to prospective transactions, contracts, leases, sales or exchanges involving assets, conducting negotiations on SpinCo’s behalf with buyers, tenants, developers, construction agents, purchasers and brokers and, if applicable, their respective agents and representatives;

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advising SpinCo on, negotiating and entering into, on SpinCo’s behalf, credit facilities (including term loans and revolving facilities), mortgage indebtedness, repurchase agreements, warehouse lines, financing vehicles, agreements relating to borrowings under programs established by governmental agencies or programs, commercial paper, interest rate swap and cap agreements and other hedging instruments, and all other agreements and engagements required for SpinCo to conduct its business;

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overseeing tenants, borrowers and other counterparties;

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retaining, supervising and directing asset-level personnel and consultants;

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engaging and supervising, on SpinCo’s behalf and at SpinCo’s expense, service providers and independent contractors which provide construction consulting, real estate brokerage, hotel management, investment banking, mortgage brokerage, securities brokerage, other real estate and financial services, due diligence services, underwriting review services, legal and accounting services and all other services as may be required relating to SpinCo’s assets.

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administering the day-to-day operations and performing and supervising the performance of such other administrative functions necessary to SpinCo’s management as may be agreed upon by the SpinCo manager and its board of trustees, including, without limitation, the collection of rents and the payment of SpinCo’s debts and obligations and maintenance of appropriate computer services to perform such administrative functions;

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communicating on SpinCo’s behalf with the holders of any of its equity or debt securities and lenders as required to satisfy the reporting and other requirements of any governmental bodies or agencies or trading markets and to maintain effective relations with such holders and lenders; and

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performing such other services as may be required from time to time for management and other activities relating to SpinCo’s assets and business as SpinCo’s board of trustees shall reasonably request or the SpinCo manager shall deem appropriate under the particular circumstances.

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Unless otherwise agreed by SpinCo’s board of trustees and the SpinCo manager or as otherwise in connection with the ordinary course management and operation of SpinCo’s assets, the SpinCo manager will not be responsible for assisting SpinCo in the acquisition, purchase or origination of additional assets.

SpinCo will pay the SpinCo manager an annual management fee fixed at $25.0 million, $15.0 million, $10.0 million and $5.0 million in each of the first four annual terms of the agreement, and 2.0% of the gross book value of SpinCo’s assets thereafter, excluding the shares of Safe common stock owned by SpinCo. The management fee is payable in cash quarterly, in arrears. If SpinCo does not have sufficient net cash proceeds on hand from sales of its assets or other available sources to pay the management fee in full when due, SpinCo may defer payment of the shortfall amount until it has sufficient net proceeds to cover such shortfall in full; provided that in no event may such shortfall in respect of any fiscal quarter remain unpaid by the 12 month anniversary of the original due date.

In general, SpinCo will pay its own operating expenses, including the costs of asset-level consultants. SpinCo will not reimburse the SpinCo manager or its affiliates for the compensation paid to its personnel except for the compensation costs paid to up to two accounting personnel who will be dedicated to performing services for SpinCo, whose compensation will be subject to the reasonable approval of our independent trustees. In addition, the SpinCo manager will be solely responsible for any portion of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses attributable to the personnel of the SpinCo manager and its affiliates required for SpinCo’s operations.

The SpinCo management agreement contains customary exculpation and indemnification provisions. In general, the SpinCo manager will not be liable to SpinCo for, and will be indemnified by SpinCo for, all losses other than those arising from acts of the manager constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the manager’s duties under the SpinCo management agreement, as determined by a final non-appealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction. The SpinCo manager has agreed to indemnify SpinCo and its trustees and executive officers with respect to all losses arising from acts of the SpinCo manager constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its duties under the SpinCo management agreement.

Pursuant to the terms of the SpinCo management agreement, the SpinCo manager is required to provide SpinCo with a management team, including a chief executive officer, a chief financial officer and a chief compliance officer, along with support personnel, to provide the management services to be provided by the SpinCo manager to SpinCo. None of the SpinCo manager or its affiliates will be obligated to dedicate any of its officers or employees exclusively to SpinCo.

The SpinCo management agreement has an initial one-year term and will be automatically renewed for successive one-year terms each anniversary date thereafter unless previously terminated as described below. The SpinCo management agreement may be terminated by SpinCo without cause by not less than one hundred eighty days’ written notice to the SpinCo manager upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of SpinCo’s independent directors, provided, however, that if the date of termination occurs prior to the fourth anniversary of the spin-off, the termination will be subject to payment of the applicable termination fee to the SpinCo manager. SpinCo may also terminate the SpinCo management agreement at any time, including during the initial term, with 30 days’ prior written notice from SpinCo’s board of trustees for “cause,” as defined in the SpinCo management agreement.

If the gross book value, determined in accordance with STAR’s historical practices, of SpinCo’s consolidated assets as of the end of a fiscal quarter is less than an applicable threshold amount set forth in the management agreement, the SpinCo manager may terminate the agreement on not less than one hundred eighty days’ notice. In addition, if SpinCo defaults in the performance of any material term of the SpinCo management agreement and the default continues for a period of 30 days after written notice to SpinCo (or 60 days after written notice of such breach if SpinCo has taken steps to cure such breach within 30 days after the written notice), the SpinCo manager may terminate the SpinCo management agreement upon 60 days’ written notice.

In the event of a termination without cause by SpinCo prior to the fourth anniversary of the spin-off, SpinCo will pay the SpinCo manager a termination fee of $50.0 million minus the aggregate amount of management fees actually paid to the SpinCo manager prior to the termination date. However, if SpinCo

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has completed the liquidation of its assets on or before the termination date, the termination fee will consist of any portion of the annual management fee that remained unpaid for the remainder of the then current annual term plus, if the termination date occurs on or before the third anniversary of the spin-off, the amount of the management fee that would have been payable for the next succeeding annual term, or if the termination date occurs after the third anniversary of the spin-off, zero.

In the event of a termination based on a reduction in the amount of SpinCo’s consolidated assets below designated thresholds, SpinCo will pay the SpinCo manager a termination fee of $30.0 million if the termination occurs in the first year, $15.0 million if the termination occurs in the second year and $5.0 million if the termination occurs in the third year, in each case, plus the balance of any unpaid portion of the annual management fee for the applicable year.

Governance Agreement

The following section summarizes material provisions of the governance agreement. This summary does not purport to be complete and may not contain all of the information about the governance agreement that is important to you. This summary is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the governance agreement, which is attached as Annex I to this joint proxy statement/prospectus and is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The rights and obligations of the parties thereto are governed by the express terms and conditions of the governance agreement and not by this summary or any other information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. You are urged to read the governance agreement carefully and in its entirety before making any decisions regarding the merger agreement and the merger.

Following the SpinCo Distribution and effective upon the effective time of the merger, New SAFE will enter into the governance agreement with SpinCo, in order to establish various arrangements and restrictions with respect to the governance of New SAFE, and certain rights and restrictions with respect to shares of New SAFE common stock owned by SpinCo, after the effective time of the merger.

Pursuant to the terms of the governance agreement, SpinCo and its subsidiaries are subject to customary restrictions on the transfer of any New SAFE common stock held by SpinCo for nine months following the closing date. Furthermore, SpinCo and its subsidiaries are prohibited from transferring at any time any shares of New SAFE common stock held by SpinCo or its subsidiaries to any person who is known by SpinCo or its subsidiaries to be an “Activist” or “Company Competitor” ​(as such terms are defined in the governance agreement), or to any group that, to the knowledge of SpinCo or its subsidiaries, includes as “Activist” or “Company Competitor,” without first obtaining New SAFE’s prior written consent.

In addition, pursuant to the governance agreement, SpinCo and its affiliates will be subject to customary standstill restrictions until the earliest to occur of (a) the termination of the management agreement; (b) the date on which both (i) SpinCo ceases to beneficially own at least 7.5% of the outstanding shares of New SAFE common stock and (ii) SpinCo is no longer managed by New SAFE or affiliates of New SAFE; or (c) a “change of control” of New SAFE (as such term is defined in the governance agreement) (together, the “restrictive period”).

The standstill restrictions will limit SpinCo’s and its affiliates’ purchases of additional New SAFE common stock in excess of the ownership threshold then applicable to SpinCo. The standstill restrictions will also restrict SpinCo’s and its affiliates’ ability to, among other things, propose a merger or other acquisition transaction relating to all or part of New SAFE, call a special meeting of the stockholders, submit any stockholder proposal, participate in a group for such actions, enter into any voting trust or other agreement with respect to the voting of New SAFE common stock, or seek a change in the composition of New SAFE’s board of directors (including seeking representation on the board).

In addition, during the restrictive period, SpinCo and its subsidiaries will vote all shares of New SAFE common stock owned by them (a) in favor all persons nominated to serve as directors of New SAFE by the board of directors of New SAFE or its nominating and corporate governance committee, (b) against any stockholder proposal that is not recommended by the board of directors of New SAFE and (c) in accordance with the recommendations of the board of directors of New SAFE on all other proposals brought before the stockholders of New SAFE.

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Registration Rights Agreement

The following section summarizes material provisions of the registration rights agreement. This summary does not purport to be complete and may not contain all of the information about the registration rights agreement that is important to you. This summary is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the registration rights agreement, which is attached as Annex J to this joint proxy statement/​prospectus and is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The rights and obligations of the parties thereto are governed by the express terms and conditions of the registration rights agreement and not by this summary or any other information contained in this joint proxy statement/​prospectus. You are urged to read the registration rights agreement carefully and in its entirety before making any decisions regarding the merger agreement and the merger.

In connection with the consummation of the merger, New SAFE will enter into a registration rights agreement with SpinCo, pursuant to which New SAFE will be required to file within seven months following the consummation of the merger a shelf registration statement covering the Registrable Shares (as defined in the registration rights agreement) owned by SpinCo (and its permitted assigns) and keep such shelf registration statement effective so long as SpinCo (and its permitted assigns) own Registrable Shares. In addition, SpinCo (and its permitted assigns) will be able to cause New SAFE to undertake one demand registration (including pursuant to an underwritten take down). The registration rights agreement will also grant SpinCo certain customary piggyback registration rights.

SpinCo Secured Term Loan

SAFE, as a lender and an administrative agent, has committed to provide SpinCo, as a borrower, a senior secured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $100.0 million, which principal amount may be increased or decreased from time to time with the approval of both parties, including at the time of the merger (which we refer to as the “secured term loan facility”) and an additional commitment amount of up to $25.0 million at SpinCo’s election (which we refer to as the “incremental term loan facility”, together with the secured term loan facility, the “term loan facility”) in connection with the merger. The commitment of SAFE is subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the commitment letter entered into between SAFE and SpinCo.

The secured term loan facility will be a secured, non-recourse credit facility available in a single drawing on the date of the closing of the pending merger. Borrowings under the term loan facility will bear interest at a fixed rate of 8.00% per annum, which may increase to 10.00% per annum if either (i) any loans remain outstanding under the incremental term loan facility or (ii) SpinCo elects for interest due for any two fiscal quarters to be paid in kind. Interest rate will increase to 12.00% per annum if both (i) and (ii) in the previous sentence occur. The term loan facility will have a maturity of four years from the initial funding date. The term loan facility will be secured by a first-priority perfected security pledge of all of the equity interests held by SpinCo and the guarantors. Within five business days after SpinCo has delivered its unaudited quarterly financial statements, SpinCo will apply any unrestricted cash on balance sheet in excess of the aggregate of (i) the operating reserve; and (ii) $50 million, to prepay the facility. The operating reserve will be calculated quarterly and is equal to the aggregate of projected operating expenses (excluding management fees and public company costs), projected land carry costs, projected capital expenditure and projected interest expense on the margin loan facility and term loan facility for the next twelve months; less the projected operating revenues for the next twelve months consistent with the operating budget approved by SAFE.

The term loan facility is expected to contain certain customary covenants, including affirmative covenants on reporting, maintenance of property, continued ownership of interests in SAFE as well as negative covenants relating to investments, indebtedness and liens, fundamental changes, asset dispositions, repayments, distributions and affiliate transactions. Furthermore, the term loan facility is expected to contain customary events of default, including payment defaults, failure to perform covenants, cross-default and cross acceleration to other indebtedness, including the margin loan facility, impairment of security interests and change of control.

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CERTAIN MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE MERGER

The following is a general discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of (i) the reverse split to holders of STAR common stock, and (ii) the merger to U.S. holders (as defined below) of SAFE common stock that exchange their shares of SAFE common stock for shares of New SAFE common stock in the merger. The following discussion is based on the Code, U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder and judicial and administrative authorities, rulings and decisions, all as in effect as of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus. These authorities may change, possibly with retroactive effect, and any such change could affect the accuracy of the statements and conclusions set forth in this discussion. This discussion assumes that the merger will be completed in accordance with the merger agreement and as further described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. This discussion is not a complete description of all of the tax consequences of the merger and, in particular, does not address any tax consequences arising under the unearned income Medicare contribution tax pursuant to the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, any considerations with respect to FATCA or any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or foreign jurisdiction, or under any U.S. federal laws other than those pertaining to the income tax.

Except as expressly stated herein, the following discussion applies only to U.S. holders of shares of STAR common stock or SAFE common stock, as applicable, who hold such shares as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). Further, this discussion does not purport to consider all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that might be relevant to U.S. holders in light of their particular circumstances and does not apply to U.S. holders subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws (such as, for example, banks and certain other financial institutions, tax-exempt organizations, partnerships, S corporations or other pass-through entities (or investors in partnerships, S corporations or other pass-through entities), regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies, insurance companies, mutual funds, dealers or brokers in stocks and securities, commodities or currencies, traders in securities that elect to apply a mark-to-market method of accounting, holders subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of the Code, holders who acquired STAR common stock or SAFE common stock, as applicable, pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options, through a tax qualified retirement plan or otherwise as compensation, holders who actually or constructively own more than 5% of STAR common stock or SAFE common stock, U.S. holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, holders who hold shares of STAR common stock or SAFE common stock as part of a hedge, straddle, constructive sale, conversion or other integrated transaction, or United States expatriates, and, except to the extent discussed below, persons that are not U.S. holders).

For purposes of this discussion, the term “U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of STAR common stock or SAFE common stock, as applicable, that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes (i) an individual citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation, or entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (iii) a trust if (a) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more “United States persons” ​(as defined under the Code) have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (b) such trust has made a valid election to be treated as a United States person for U.S. federal income tax purposes or (iv) an estate, the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source.

If an entity or an arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds STAR common stock or SAFE common stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in such partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes that holds STAR common stock or SAFE common stock and any partners in such partnership are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of the merger to their specific circumstances.

Determining the actual tax consequences of the merger to you may be complex and will depend on your specific situation and on factors that are not within our control. You are urged to consult your tax advisor as to the specific tax consequences of the merger in your particular circumstances, including the applicability and effect of the alternative minimum tax and any state, local, foreign and other tax laws and of changes in those laws.

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U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Reverse Split to Holders of Shares of STAR Common Stock

Assuming the reverse split is completed in the manner set forth in the Merger Agreement and the registration statement on Form S-4 of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part and based solely on the information, and subject to the assumptions, qualifications and limitations set forth herein, neither a U.S. holder nor a non-U.S. holder of STAR common stock will recognize gain or loss upon the reverse split, except with respect to cash received in lieu of a fractional STAR share, as discussed below. Such holder’s aggregate tax basis in the STAR common stock received pursuant to the reverse split will equal the aggregate tax basis of the STAR common stock surrendered (excluding any portion of such basis that is allocated to a fractional STAR share), and such holder’s holding period in the STAR common stock received will include the holding period in the STAR common stock surrendered. U.S. Treasury regulations provide detailed rules for allocating the tax basis and holding period of the STAR common stock surrendered to the STAR common stock received pursuant to the reverse split. Holders of STAR common stock acquired at different times or at different prices should consult their own tax advisors regarding the allocation of the tax basis and holding period of such surrendered shares to the shares received pursuant to the reverse split.

Cash in Lieu of Fractional Shares

A U.S. holder of STAR common stock that receives cash in lieu of a fractional STAR share pursuant to the reverse split will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash received and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the STAR common stock surrendered that is allocated to such fractional STAR share. Such capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder’s holding period for such STAR common stock surrendered exceeds one year at the effective time of the reverse split. For U.S. holders that are non-corporate holders, long-term capital gain generally will be taxed at a U.S. federal income tax rate that is lower than the rate for ordinary income or for short-term capital gains. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

A non-U.S. holder that holds 10% or less of the stock of STAR generally is not expected to be subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to cash received in lieu of a fractional STAR share pursuant to the reverse split, provided that the non-U.S. holder does not otherwise hold its STAR common shares in connection with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. holder. Non-U.S. holders should speak to their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them of the reverse split.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

A U.S. holder of STAR common stock may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding on cash paid in lieu of a fractional share in connection with the reverse split. A U.S. holder of STAR Common Stock will be subject to backup withholding if such U.S. holder is not otherwise exempt and such U.S. holder does not provide its taxpayer identification number in the manner required or otherwise fails to comply with applicable backup withholding tax rules.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be refunded or allowed as a credit against a U.S. holder’s federal income tax liability, if any, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. U.S. holders of STAR common stock should consult their own tax advisors regarding their qualification for an exemption from backup withholding and the procedures for obtaining such an exemption.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger to U.S. Holders of Shares of SAFE Common Stock

STAR and SAFE intend for the merger to be treated as a “reorganization” for U.S. federal income tax purposes within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. The obligation of STAR to effect the merger is conditioned on STAR’s receipt of an opinion from Clifford Chance US LLP (or, if Clifford Chance US LLP is unable or unwilling to render such opinion, Kirkland & Ellis LLP or another nationally recognized counsel as may be reasonably acceptable to STAR), to the effect that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the merger will constitute a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. The obligation of SAFE to effect the merger is conditioned on SAFE’s receipt of an opinion from Kirkland & Ellis LLP (or, if Kirkland & Ellis LLP is unable or unwilling to render such opinion, Clifford Chance US LLP or

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another nationally recognized counsel as may be reasonably acceptable to SAFE), to the effect that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the merger will constitute a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code.

These opinions of counsel will not address any state, local or foreign tax consequences of the merger. They will be based on certain assumptions and representations as to factual matters from SAFE and STAR, as well as certain covenants by those parties. In addition, the opinions will be based on law at the time the opinions are issued and cannot be relied upon if the law changes with retroactive effect. The opinions of counsel are not binding upon the IRS or the courts, and there is no assurance that the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position. SAFE and STAR do not intend to request a ruling from the IRS about any aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger. If any of the assumptions, representations, covenants or undertakings is incorrect, incomplete, inaccurate or is violated, the opinions cannot be relied upon and the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger could differ from those described below.

Subject to the qualifications and limitations set forth herein, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger to U.S. holders of SAFE common stock generally will be as follows:

Upon exchanging your SAFE common stock for New SAFE common stock, you generally will not recognize gain or loss. The aggregate tax basis of New SAFE common stock that you receive in the merger will equal your aggregate adjusted tax basis in the shares of SAFE common stock you surrender in the merger. Your holding period for the shares of New SAFE common stock that you receive in the merger will include your holding period for the shares of SAFE common stock that you surrender in the merger. If you acquired different blocks of SAFE common stock at different times or at different prices, the New SAFE common stock you receive will be allocated pro rata to each block of SAFE common stock, and the basis and holding period of each block of New SAFE common stock you receive will be determined on a block-for-block basis depending on the basis and holding period of the blocks of SAFE common stock exchanged for such New SAFE common stock.

Certain U.S. holders of SAFE common stock may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding of U.S. federal income tax with respect to any cash received pursuant to the merger. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. holder of SAFE common stock that furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding on IRS Form W-9 or is otherwise exempt from backup withholding and provides appropriate proof of the applicable exemption. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld will be allowed as a refund or credit against the U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that such U.S. holder timely furnishes the required information to the IRS in a timely manner.

This preceding discussion does not purport to be a complete analysis or discussion of all the potential tax consequences of the merger. Holders of SAFE common stock are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the specific tax consequences to them of the merger, including any tax return reporting requirements and the applicability and effect of U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. and other applicable tax laws in light of their particular circumstances.

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SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS OF STAR

Date, Time and Place

The STAR special meeting will be held at [•] a.m., Eastern Time, on [•] in a virtual format.

Purpose of the STAR Special Meeting

At the STAR special meeting, STAR stockholders will be asked to consider and vote on the following matters:

•

the STAR merger proposal;

•

the STAR stock issuance proposal;

•

the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal; and

•

the STAR adjournment proposal, if necessary or appropriate.

Recommendation of the STAR Special Committee and the STAR Board of Directors

Based on the unanimous recommendation of the STAR special committee, the STAR board of directors has determined that the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement are advisable and in the best interests of STAR and has approved the merger agreement.

Based on the unanimous recommendation of the STAR Special Committee, the STAR board of directors recommends to STAR’s stockholders that they vote “FOR” the STAR merger proposal, “FOR” the STAR stock issuance proposal, “FOR” the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal and “FOR” the STAR adjournment proposal.

STAR Record Date; Stock Entitled to Vote

Only holders of record of shares of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock at the close of business on [•], 2023, the record date for the STAR special meeting, will be entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the STAR special meeting or any adjournments or postponements thereof. You may cast one vote for each share of STAR common stock and 0.25 votes for each share of STAR Series D preferred stock that you owned on the record date.

As of the record date for the STAR special meeting, there were [•] shares of STAR common stock and [•] shares of STAR Series D preferred stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the STAR special meeting.

As of the record date for the STAR special meeting, approximately [•]% of the outstanding shares of STAR common stock and [•] % outstanding shares of STAR Series D preferred stock were held by STAR directors and executive officers. STAR currently expects that the STAR directors and executive officers will vote their shares in favor of all of the proposals set forth above, although none has entered into any agreements obligating them to do so.

Quorum

The presence in person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the STAR special meeting will constitute a quorum at the STAR special meeting. All shares of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock represented at the STAR special meeting, including abstentions and broker non-votes (shares held by a broker, bank or nominee that are represented at the meeting, but with respect to which the broker, bank or nominee is not instructed by the beneficial owner of such shares to vote on the particular proposal), if any, will be treated as present for purposes of determining the presence or absence of a quorum at the STAR special meeting.

Required Vote

Approval of the STAR merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of the holders of shares of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be

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cast on the proposal, voting together as a single class. Approval of the STAR stock issuance proposal, the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal and the STAR adjournment proposal requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the votes cast by holders of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock, voting together as a single class, at the STAR special meeting, assuming a quorum is present. If a quorum is not present, the chair of the STAR special meeting may adjourn the meeting.

The approval of each of the STAR merger proposal and the STAR stock issuance proposal is a condition to the completion of the merger.

Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes

If you are a STAR stockholder and you do not instruct your broker, bank or nominee on how to vote your shares of common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock, your broker may not vote your shares on any of the STAR proposals. This will have the same effect as a vote against the STAR merger proposal but will have no effect on the STAR stock issuance proposal, the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal or the STAR adjournment proposal, assuming a quorum is present.

If you are a STAR stockholder and fail to vote or abstain from voting, it will have the same effect as a vote against the STAR merger proposal, but it will have no effect on the STAR stock issuance proposal, the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal or the STAR adjournment proposal, assuming a quorum is present. If a quorum is not present, the holders of a majority of STAR common stock present in person or by proxy at the STAR special meeting may adjourn the meeting.

A broker non-vote occurs when a broker, bank or other nominee is not permitted to vote on a “non-routine” matter without instructions from the beneficial owner of the shares and the beneficial owner fails to provide the broker, bank or other nominee with such instructions. Broker non-votes only count toward a quorum if at least one proposal is presented with respect to which the broker, bank or other nominee has discretionary authority. It is expected that all proposals to be voted on at the STAR special meeting will be “non-routine” matters; and, as such, broker non-votes, if any, will not be counted as present and entitled to vote for purposes of determining a quorum at the STAR special meeting. If your broker, bank or nominee holds your shares of STAR common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock “street name,” such entity will vote your shares only if you provide instructions on how to vote by complying with the voter instruction form sent to you by your broker, bank or other nominee with this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

Shares Held in Street Name

If you hold your shares of common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock in a stock brokerage account or if your shares of common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock are held by a bank or nominee (that is, in “street name”), you must provide the record holder of your shares with instructions on how to vote your shares of common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock. Please follow the voting instructions provided by your broker, bank or nominee. Please note that you may not vote shares of common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock held in street name by returning a proxy card directly to STAR or by voting in person at the STAR special meeting unless you provide a “legal proxy,” which you must obtain from your broker, bank or nominee. Further, brokers who hold shares of STAR common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock on behalf of their customers may not give a proxy to STAR to vote those shares without specific instructions from their customers.

If you are a STAR stockholder and you do not instruct your broker, bank or nominee to vote, your broker, bank or nominee may not vote those shares, and it will have the same effect as a vote against the STAR merger proposal but will have no effect on the STAR stock issuance proposal, the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal or the STAR adjournment proposal, assuming a quorum is present. If a quorum is not present, and you are not present in person or by proxy at the STAR special meeting, failure to instruct your broker, bank or nominee will have no effect on the STAR adjournment proposal, and if you are present in person or by proxy, failure to instruct your broker, bank or nominee will have the same effect as a vote against the STAR adjournment proposal.

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Attending the Meeting

The STAR special meeting will be a completely virtual meeting of stockholders, which will be conducted exclusively by webcast. No physical meeting will be held. You will be able to attend the STAR special meeting online and submit your questions during the meeting by visiting [•]. You also will be able to vote your shares online by attending the STAR special meeting by webcast.

To participate in the STAR special meeting, you will need to review the information included on your notice, on your proxy card or on the instructions that accompanied your proxy materials. The password for the meeting is [•].

If you hold your shares through an intermediary, such as a bank or broker, you must register in advance using the instructions below.

The online meeting will begin promptly at [•]:00 a.m., Eastern Time. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time leaving ample time for the check in. Please follow the registration instructions as outlined in this proxy statement.

If you are a registered stockholder (i.e., you hold your shares through our transfer agent, Computershare), you do not need to register to attend the STAR special meeting virtually on the Internet. Please follow the instructions on the notice or proxy card that you received. If you hold your shares through an intermediary, such as a bank or broker, you must register in advance to attend the special annual meeting virtually on the Internet.

To register to attend the STAR special meeting online by webcast you must submit proof of your proxy power (legal proxy) reflecting your STAR holdings along with your name and email address to Computershare. Requests for registration should be directed to:

Computershare

iStar Legal Proxy

P.O. Box 43001

Providence, RI 02940-3001

Requests for registration must be labeled as “Legal Proxy” and be received no later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time on [•].

You will receive a confirmation of your registration by email after we receive your registration materials.

Voting of Proxies

A proxy card is enclosed for your use. STAR requests that you sign the accompanying proxy and return it promptly in the enclosed postage-paid envelope. You may also vote your shares by telephone or through the Internet. Information and applicable deadlines for voting proxies by telephone or through the Internet are set forth on the enclosed proxy card. When the accompanying proxy is returned properly executed, the shares of STAR common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock represented by it will be voted at the STAR special meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof in accordance with the instructions contained in the proxy.

If a proxy is signed and returned without an indication as to how the shares of STAR common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock represented by the proxy are to be voted with regard to a particular proposal, the STAR common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock represented by the proxy will be voted in favor of each such proposal. At the date hereof, STAR’s management has no knowledge of any business that will be presented for consideration at the STAR special meeting and which would be required to be set forth in this joint proxy statement/prospectus other than the matters set forth in the accompanying Notice of Special Meeting of Stockholders of STAR. In accordance with the STAR bylaws and the MGCL, business transacted at the STAR special meeting will be limited to those matters set forth in such notice. Nonetheless, if any other matter is properly presented at the STAR special meeting for consideration, it is intended that the persons named in the enclosed proxy and acting thereunder will vote in accordance with their discretion on such matter.

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Your vote is important. Accordingly, please sign and return the enclosed proxy card whether or not you plan to attend the STAR special meeting.

Revocability of Proxies or Voting Instructions

If you are a holder of record of STAR common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock on the record date for the STAR special meeting, you have the power to revoke your proxy at any time before your proxy is voted at the STAR special meeting. You can revoke your proxy in one of three ways:

•

you can send a signed notice of revocation;

•

you can grant a new, valid proxy bearing a later date; or

•

you can attend the STAR special meeting and personally vote at the meeting, which will automatically cancel any proxy previously given; merely attending the meeting will not revoke any proxy that you have previously given.

Attending the STAR special meeting without voting will not, by itself, revoke your proxy.

If you choose either of the first two methods, you must submit your notice of revocation or your new proxy to the secretary of STAR at 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor, New York, New York 10036, no later than the beginning of the STAR special meeting. If you have voted your shares by telephone or through the Internet, you may revoke your prior telephone or Internet vote by recording another vote using the telephone or Internet, or by signing and returning a proxy card dated as of a date that is later than your last telephone or Internet vote.

If your shares of STAR common stock or STAR Series D preferred stock are held by a bank, broker or nominee, you should follow the instructions provided by the bank, broker or nominee.

Solicitation of Proxies

The cost of proxy solicitation for the STAR special meeting will be borne by STAR. In addition to the use of the mail, proxies may be solicited by officers and directors and regular employees of STAR, without additional remuneration, by personal interview, telephone, facsimile or otherwise. STAR will also request brokerage firms, nominees, custodians and fiduciaries to forward proxy materials to the beneficial owners of shares held of record on the record date and will provide customary reimbursement to such firms for the cost of forwarding these materials. STAR has retained Innisfree M&A Incorporated to assist in its solicitation of proxies and has agreed to pay them a fee of $50,000, plus reasonable expenses, for these services and an additional fee of $25,000 for a successful voting outcome.

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STAR PROPOSALS

STAR PROPOSAL 1: THE STAR MERGER PROPOSAL

STAR is asking its stockholders to approve the merger, as contemplated in the merger agreement. Based upon (i) the number of outstanding shares of STAR common stock and SAFE common stock as of September 30, 2022; and (ii) the number of shares of SAFE common stock owned by STAR on that date, we estimate the STAR share consolidation ratio would be approximately 0.138 and that STAR will issue approximately [•] shares of STAR common stock in the merger. For a detailed discussion of the terms of the merger agreement, see “The Merger Agreement.” As discussed in the section entitled “The Merger — STAR’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the STAR Board of Directors,” the STAR board of directors, based on the unanimous recommendation of the STAR special committee, approved the merger agreement and transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger, and declared the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger, to be advisable and in the best interests of STAR.

Approval of the STAR merger proposal is a condition to the closing of the merger.   If the STAR merger proposal is not approved, the merger will not occur. For a detailed discussion of the conditions of the merger, see “The Merger Agreement — Conditions to Completion of the Merger.”

Required Vote

Approval of the STAR merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of holders of shares of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the proposal, voting together as a single class, assuming a quorum is present.

The STAR board of directors recommends that STAR stockholders vote “FOR” the approval of the STAR merger proposal.

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STAR PROPOSAL 2: THE STAR STOCK ISSUANCE PROPOSAL

STAR is asking its stockholders to approve the issuance of shares of STAR common stock in connection with the merger. Under NYSE rules, a listed company is required to obtain stockholder approval prior to the issuance of common stock if the issuance is, or will be upon issuance, equal to or in excess of 20% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding prior to the issuance. In the merger, STAR expects to issue approximately [•] shares of STAR common stock, which will exceed this 20% threshold; accordingly, STAR is asking its stockholders to approve the issuance.

Approval of the STAR stock issuance proposal is a condition to the closing of the merger.   If the STAR stock issuance proposal is not approved, the merger will not occur. For a detailed discussion of the conditions of the merger, see “The Merger Agreement — Conditions to Completion of the Merger.”

Required Vote

Approval of the STAR stock issuance proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the holders of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock, voting together as a single class, assuming a quorum is present.

The STAR board of directors recommends that STAR stockholders vote “FOR” the STAR stock issuance proposal.

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STAR PROPOSAL 3: THE STAR NON-BINDING ADVISORY COMPENSATION PROPOSAL

Under Section 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the “Exchange Act,” and the applicable SEC rules issued thereunder, STAR is required to submit a proposal to its common stockholders for an advisory (nonbinding) vote to approve certain compensation that may be paid or become payable to STAR’s named executive officers in connection with the completion of the merger as discussed in the section entitled “The Merger — Interests of STAR’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger,” including the footnotes to the table and the associated narrative discussion. The STAR board of directors unanimously recommends that STAR’s stockholders approve the following resolution:

“RESOLVED, that the compensation that may be paid or become payable to the named executive officers of STAR, Inc. in connection with the merger, as disclosed pursuant to Item 402(t) of Regulation S-K in the table headed “Potential Change in Control Payments to Named Executive Officers” in the section of the joint proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Merger — Interests of STAR’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger — Golden Parachute Compensation,” including the footnotes to the table and the associated narrative discussion, and the agreements and plans pursuant to which such compensation may be paid or become payable, is hereby APPROVED.”

Required Vote

The vote on the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal is a vote separate and apart from the vote on the STAR merger proposal. Accordingly, you may vote to approve the STAR merger proposal and vote not to approve the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal and vice versa. Because the vote on the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal is advisory only, it will not be binding on STAR or SAFE. Accordingly, if the merger agreement is approved and the merger is completed, the merger-related compensation will be payable, subject only to the conditions applicable thereto, regardless of the outcome of the vote on the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal.

The approval of the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by holders of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock, voting together as a single class, assuming a quorum is present; however, such vote is nonbinding and advisory only.

The STAR board of directors recommends that you vote “FOR” the STAR non-binding advisory compensation proposal.

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STAR PROPOSAL 4: THE STAR ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL

STAR stockholders are being asked to approve the adjournment of the STAR special meeting from time to time, if necessary or appropriate, including to solicit additional proxies in favor of the STAR merger proposal, and/or the STAR stock issuance proposal, if there are insufficient votes at the time of such adjournment to approve any such proposal.

STAR is asking its stockholders to authorize the holder of any proxy solicited by the STAR board of directors to vote in favor of granting discretionary authority to the proxy holders, and each of them individually, to adjourn the STAR special meeting to another time and place for the purpose of soliciting additional proxies. If the STAR stockholders approve this proposal, STAR could adjourn the STAR special meeting and any adjourned session of the STAR special meeting and use the additional time to solicit additional proxies, including the solicitation of proxies from STAR stockholders who have previously voted.

Required Vote

Approval of the STAR adjournment proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by holders of shares of STAR common stock and STAR Series D preferred stock at the STAR special meeting, voting together as a single class, assuming a quorum is present. If a quorum is not present, the chairman of the STAR special meeting may adjourn the meeting.

The STAR board of directors recommends that STAR stockholders vote “FOR” the STAR adjournment proposal.

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SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS OF SAFE

Date, Time and Place

The SAFE special meeting will be held at [•] a.m., Eastern Time, on [•] in a virtual format.

Purpose of the SAFE Special Meeting

At the SAFE special meeting, SAFE stockholders will be asked to consider and vote upon the following matters:

•

the SAFE merger proposal;

•

the SAFE Caret amendment proposal; and

•

the SAFE adjournment proposal, if necessary or appropriate.

Recommendations of the SAFE Special Committee and the SAFE Board of Directors

Based on the unanimous recommendation of the SAFE special committee, the SAFE board of directors has approved the merger agreement and declared the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger, to be advisable and in the best interests of SAFE and its stockholders. In addition, the SAFE board of directors has approved the SAFE Caret amendment and declared such amendments and the transactions contemplated thereby to be advisable and in the best interests of SAFE and its stockholders.

Based on the unanimous recommendation of the SAFE Special Committee, the SAFE board of directors recommends to SAFE’s stockholders that they vote “FOR” the SAFE merger proposal, “FOR” the SAFE Caret amendment proposal and “FOR” the SAFE adjournment proposal.

SAFE Record Date; Stock Entitled to Vote

Only holders of record of SAFE common stock at the close of business on [•], 2023, the record date for the SAFE special meeting, will be entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the SAFE special meeting or any adjournments or postponements thereof. Each share of SAFE common stock is entitled to cast one vote on all matters that come before the SAFE special meeting.

As of the record date for the SAFE special meeting, there were [•] shares of SAFE common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the SAFE special meeting.

As of the record date for the SAFE special meeting, approximately [•]% of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock was held by SAFE directors and executive officers and their affiliates. SAFE currently expects that the directors and executive officers of SAFE will vote their shares in favor of the SAFE merger proposal, the SAFE Caret amendment proposal and the SAFE adjournment proposal, although, other than STAR, none has entered into any agreements obligating them to do so. STAR, which has the power to vote approximately 41.9% of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock as of the date of the merger agreement, has agreed to vote in favor of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the SAFE merger proposal, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the voting agreement. In accordance with the terms of the existing stockholders’ agreement between SAFE and STAR, the remainder of the SAFE common stock owned by STAR will be voted in the same manner and proportion as the votes cast by the remaining shareholders of SAFE. For more information, see “Certain Agreements Related to the Transactions — Voting Agreement.”

Quorum

Stockholders who hold the outstanding SAFE common stock on the record date entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast must be present in person or represented by proxy to constitute a quorum at the SAFE special meeting. All shares of SAFE common stock represented at the SAFE special meeting, including abstentions, if any, will be treated as present for purposes of determining the presence or absence of a quorum at the SAFE special meeting.

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Required Vote

The approval of the SAFE merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock entitled to vote thereon, assuming a quorum is present.

The approval of each of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal and the SAFE adjournment proposal requires the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes cast by holders of outstanding shares of SAFE common stock, assuming a quorum is present. If a quorum is not present, the chair of the SAFE special meeting may adjourn the meeting.

The approval of the SAFE merger proposal is a condition to the completion of the merger. Neither the approval of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal nor the approval of the SAFE adjournment proposal is a condition to the completion of the merger.

Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes

If you are a SAFE stockholder and you fail to instruct your broker, bank or nominee to vote your shares of SAFE common stock, your broker may not vote your shares on any of the SAFE proposals. Broker non-votes will have the same effect as a vote against the SAFE merger proposal, but will have no effect on either the SAFE Caret amendment proposal or the SAFE adjournment proposal.

If you are a SAFE stockholder and fail to vote or abstain from voting, it will have the same effect as a vote against the SAFE merger proposal, but it will have no effect on either the SAFE Caret amendment proposal or the SAFE adjournment proposal. Abstentions will be considered present for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum.

A broker non-vote occurs when a broker, bank or other nominee is not permitted to vote on a “non-routine” matter without instructions from the beneficial owner of the shares and the beneficial owner fails to provide the broker, bank or other nominee with such instructions. Broker non-votes only count toward a quorum if at least one proposal is presented with respect to which the broker, bank or other nominee has discretionary authority. It is expected that all proposals to be voted on at the SAFE special meeting will be “non-routine” matters; and, as such, broker non-votes, if any, will not be counted as present and entitled to vote for purposes of determining a quorum at the SAFE special meeting. If your broker, bank or nominee holds your shares of SAFE common stock in “street name,” such entity will vote your shares only if you provide instructions on how to vote by complying with the voter instruction form sent to you by your broker, bank or other nominee with this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

Shares Held in Street Name

If you hold your shares of common stock in a stock brokerage account or if your shares of SAFE common stock are held by a bank or nominee (that is, in “street name”), you must provide the record holder of your shares with instructions on how to vote your shares of SAFE common stock. Please follow the voting instructions provided by your broker, bank or nominee. Please note that you may not vote shares of SAFE common stock held in street name by returning a proxy card directly to SAFE or by voting in person at either special meeting unless you provide a “legal proxy,” which you must obtain from your broker, bank or nominee. Further, brokers who hold shares of SAFE common stock on behalf of their customers may not give a proxy to SAFE to vote those shares without specific instructions from their customers.

If you are a SAFE stockholder and you do not instruct your broker, bank or nominee to vote, your broker may not vote your shares on any of the SAFE proposals. Broker non-votes will have the same effect as a vote against the SAFE merger proposal, but will have no effect on either the SAFE Caret amendment proposal or the SAFE adjournment proposal. Broker non-votes will be considered present for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum.

Attending the Meeting

The SAFE special meeting will be a completely virtual meeting of stockholders, which will be conducted exclusively by webcast. No physical meeting will be held. You will be able to attend the SAFE special meeting

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online and submit your questions during the meeting by visiting [•]. You also will be able to vote your shares online by attending the special meeting by webcast.

To participate in the special meeting, you will need to review the information included on your notice, on your proxy card or on the instructions that accompanied your proxy materials. The password for the meeting is [•].

If you hold your shares through an intermediary, such as a bank or broker, you must register in advance using the instructions below.

The online meeting will begin promptly at [•]:00 a.m., Eastern Time. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time leaving ample time for the check in. Please follow the registration instructions as outlined in this proxy statement.

If you are a registered stockholder (i.e., you hold your shares through our transfer agent, Computershare), you do not need to register to attend the special meeting virtually on the Internet. Please follow the instructions on the notice or proxy card that you received. If you hold your shares through an intermediary, such as a bank or broker, you must register in advance to attend the special annual meeting virtually on the Internet.

To register to attend the special meeting online by webcast you must submit proof of your proxy power (legal proxy) reflecting your SAFE holdings along with your name and email address to Computershare. Requests for registration should be directed to:

Computershare
Safehold Legal Proxy
P.O. Box 43001
Providence, RI 02940-3001

Requests for registration must be labeled as “Legal Proxy” and be received no later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time on [•].

You will receive a confirmation of your registration by email after we receive your registration materials.

Voting of Proxies

A proxy card is enclosed for your use. SAFE requests that you sign the accompanying proxy and return it promptly in the enclosed postage-paid envelope. You may also vote your shares by telephone or through the Internet. Information and applicable deadlines for voting proxies by telephone or through the Internet are set forth on the enclosed proxy card. When the accompanying proxy is returned properly executed, the shares of SAFE common stock represented by it will be voted at the SAFE special meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof in accordance with the instructions contained in the proxy.

If a proxy is signed and returned without an indication as to how the shares of SAFE common stock represented by the proxy are to be voted with regard to a particular proposal, the shares of SAFE common stock represented by the proxy will be voted in favor of each such proposal, as applicable. As of the date hereof, the management of SAFE has no knowledge of any business that will be presented for consideration at the SAFE special meeting and which would be required to be set forth in this joint proxy statement/​prospectus other than the matters set forth in the accompanying Notice of Special Meeting of Stockholders of SAFE. In accordance with the SAFE bylaws and the MGCL, business transacted at the SAFE special meeting will be limited to those matters set forth in such notice. Nonetheless, if any other matter is properly presented at the SAFE special meeting for consideration, it is intended that the persons named in the enclosed proxy and acting thereunder will vote in accordance with their discretion on such matter.

Your vote is important. Accordingly, please sign and return the enclosed proxy card whether or not you plan to attend the SAFE special meeting.

Revocability of Proxies or Voting Instructions

If you are a holder of record of shares of SAFE common stock on the record date for the SAFE special meeting, you have the power to revoke your proxy at any time before your proxy is voted at the SAFE special meeting. You can revoke your proxy in one of three ways:

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•

you can send a signed notice of revocation;

•

you can grant a new, valid proxy bearing a later date; or

•

if you are a holder of record, you can attend the SAFE special meeting and personally vote, which will automatically cancel any proxy previously given; merely attending the meeting alone will not revoke any proxy that you have previously given.

Attending the SAFE special meeting without voting will not, by itself, revoke your proxy.

If your shares of SAFE common stock are held by a bank, broker or nominee, you should follow the instructions provided by the bank, broker or nominee.

If you choose either of the first two methods, you must submit your notice of revocation or your new proxy to the secretary of SAFE at 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor, New York, New York 10036, no later than the beginning of the SAFE special meeting. If you have voted your shares by telephone or through the Internet, you may revoke your prior telephone or Internet vote by recording a different vote using the telephone or Internet, or by signing and returning a proxy card dated as of a date that is later than your last telephone or Internet vote.

Solicitation of Proxies

The cost of proxy solicitation for the SAFE special meeting will be borne by SAFE. In addition to the use of the mail, proxies may be solicited by officers and directors and regular employees of SAFE, without additional remuneration, by personal interview, telephone, facsimile or otherwise. SAFE will also request brokerage firms, nominees, custodians and fiduciaries to forward proxy materials to the beneficial owners of shares held of record on the record date and will provide customary reimbursement to such firms for the cost of forwarding these materials. SAFE has retained D.F. King & Co., Inc. to assist in its solicitation of proxies and has agreed to pay them a fee of approximately $17,000, plus reasonable expenses, for these services.

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SAFE PROPOSALS

SAFE PROPOSAL 1: THE SAFE MERGER PROPOSAL

SAFE is asking its stockholders to approve the merger, as contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger. For a detailed discussion of the terms of the merger agreement, see “The Merger Agreement.” As discussed in the section entitled “The Merger — SAFE’s Reasons for the Merger; Recommendations of the SAFE Board of Directors,” after consideration, the SAFE board of directors, upon the recommendation of the SAFE special committee, approved the merger agreement and declared the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger, to be advisable and in the best interests of SAFE and its stockholders.

Approval of the SAFE merger proposal is a condition to the closing of the merger.   If the SAFE merger proposal is not approved, the merger will not occur. For a detailed discussion of the conditions of the merger, see “The Merger Agreement — Conditions to Completion of the Merger.”

Required Vote

Approval of the SAFE merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock entitled to vote thereon, assuming a quorum is present.

The SAFE board of directors recommends that SAFE stockholders vote “FOR” the SAFE merger proposal.

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SAFE PROPOSAL 2: THE SAFE CARET AMENDMENT PROPOSAL

SAFE is asking its stockholders to approve the SAFE Caret amendment. After consideration, the SAFE board of directors approved the SAFE Caret amendment and declared such amendment and the transactions contemplated thereby to be advisable and in the best interests of SAFE.

Required Vote

Approval of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal requires the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes cast by holders of outstanding shares of SAFE common stock, assuming a quorum is present.

The SAFE board of directors recommends that SAFE stockholders vote “FOR” the SAFE Caret amendment proposal.

Overview of the SAFE Caret Amendment Proposal

In order to improve the recognition of the value of unrealized capital appreciation in SAFE’s Ground Lease portfolio, simplify the overall structure of SAFE’s Caret program and better position SAFE to make potential future sales of Caret units to investors in either private or public offerings, the SAFE board of directors, together with the financial and legal advisors of SAFE, has been evaluating potential modifications to the terms of the Caret program.

Additionally, in connection with the merger, SAFE entered into the MSD stock purchase agreement with MSD Partners and STAR, pursuant to which STAR has agreed to sell, and MSD Partners has agreed to buy, 5,405,406 shares of SAFE common stock owned by STAR in the MSD stock purchase shortly before the closing of the merger. MSD Partners has also subscribed to purchase 100,000 Caret units from SAFE for an aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million in the MSD Caret unit purchase, conditioned on the closing of the spin-off, the merger and the MSD stock purchase.

In connection with the MSD Caret unit purchase, MSD Partners negotiated for certain revisions to the Caret program related to its rights as a minority investor in Caret units, including many revisions consistent with those independently considered by the SAFE board of directors in order to improve the marketability of the program. The adoption of these revisions, and their approval by SAFE’s stockholders, are a condition to the closing of the MSD Caret unit purchase. Therefore, SAFE stockholders are asked to approve the changes included in the terms of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, which reflect the result of the negotiation with MSD Partners and which have been recommended by the SAFE board of directors. Although the MSD Caret unit purchase is also conditioned on the completion of the merger, the SAFE board of directors shall have discretion to implement the changes described herein even if the merger is not completed. References in this SAFE Proposal 2 to “SAFE” shall refer to “New SAFE” if the merger is completed, unless context otherwise requires.

Background of the Caret Program

Residual Rights and Unrealized Capital Appreciation

SAFE’s business consists of one reportable segment of acquiring, managing and capitalizing ground leases with respect to a large and historically growing portfolio of high quality diversified commercial real estate projects (which we refer to, collectively, as “Ground Leases”). SAFE generally owns the land underlying commercial real estate projects that is leased on a long-term basis (base terms are typically 30 to 99 years, often with tenant renewal options) to the owners/operators of the real estate projects built thereon. SAFE’s Ground Leases generally require that such owners/operators pay rent on a monthly basis to SAFE. The property is generally leased on a triple net basis with the tenant generally responsible for taxes, maintenance and insurance as well as all operating costs and capital expenditures. Ground Leases typically provide that when the lease term ends (including a termination by reason of a tenant default), the land, building and all other improvements revert to the landlord. Accordingly, if an owner/operator were to default, it would put at risk its and its leaseholder lender’s investments in the project.

SAFE has become the industry leader in Ground Leases by demonstrating the value of the product to real estate investors, owners, operators and developers and expanding their use throughout major metropolitan

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areas. SAFE believes that its business has characteristics comparable to a high-grade, fixed income investment business, but with certain unique advantages. Because the manner in which SAFE sizes its Ground Lease investments and the priority of rent over other components of the capital stack of the underlying commercial real estate project, the rental payments due under the Ground Lease are extremely secure, and SAFE believes that such rental payments are comparable to the payments that would be due under a very highly rated bond. Relative to alternative fixed income investments generally, SAFE’s Ground Leases typically benefit from built-in growth derived from contractual base rent increases (either at a specified percentage or consumer price index based, or both), and the opportunity to realize value from “residual rights” pursuant to which SAFE or its subsidiaries, as the owner of the land, are able to take ownership of the buildings and other improvements on SAFE’s land at the end of the lease term for no additional consideration. SAFE believes that these features offer SAFE the opportunity to realize superior risk-adjusted total returns when compared to certain alternative highly-rated investments.

The value of the land and improvements subject to a Ground Lease in excess of SAFE’s investment basis (which we sometimes refer to as “unrealized capital appreciation” or “UCA”) in SAFE’s or its subsidiaries’ Ground Lease Assets stood at approximately an estimated $437 million at SAFE’s initial public offering in June 2017. As of the third quarter of 2022, UCA was approximately an estimated $10.5 billion. Thus, UCA is estimated to have grown by nearly 23 times in approximately five years. For more information on UCA, including certain limitations and qualifications, please refer to SAFE’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 1, 2022 and the section entitled “Risk Factors” in SAFE’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on February 15, 2022.

Unrealized Capital Appreciation(1)

(1)

For more information on UCA, including certain limitations and qualifications, please refer to SAFE’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 1, 2022 and the section entitled “Risk Factors” in SAFE’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on February 2, 2022.

The growth of UCA comes from two separate sources. First, historically the value of SAFE’s assets has grown over time. SAFE has estimated the combined value of land and improvements for each project subject to a Ground Lease, generally annually, using estimates from a third party (CBRE) and recent market transaction data. Second, every time SAFE adds a new Ground Lease to its portfolio, the value of the land and improvements in excess of SAFE’s cost basis is added to UCA.

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Combined Property Value, UCA and Ground Lease Cost(1)

(1)

Combined Property Value (“CPV”) reflects the current combined value of the land, buildings and improvements relating to a commercial property, as if there was no ground lease on the land at the property. CPV is generally based on independent appraisals; however, SAFE uses actual sales prices/​management estimates for recently acquired and originated ground leases for which appraisals are not yet available. For construction projects, CPV represents the total cost associated with the acquisition, development, and construction of the project.

Description of the Caret Program

In 2018, in an effort to create transparency and encourage the market to recognize and reward the link between UCA and SAFE’s long-term success, SAFE established the Caret program through the formation of a subsidiary called Caret Ventures LLC (which we refer to as “Caret Ventures”). The Caret program is designed to recognize the two distinct components of value in SAFE’s Ground Lease portfolio by separating them into:

•

the “bond component,” which consists of the bond-like income stream SAFE receives from contractual rents payments under its Ground Leases, plus the return of SAFE’s investment basis in each asset; and

•

the “Caret component,” which consists of the unrealized capital appreciation above SAFE’s investment basis in its Ground Leases due to SAFE’s ownership of the land and improvements at the end of the term of the applicable Ground Lease.

Caret Venture’s two classes of limited liability company interests are designed to track these two components: “GL units” are intended to track the bond component and “Caret units” are designed to track the Caret component (the “Caret program”). SAFE currently holds all of the GL units indirectly through its operating partnership, Safehold Operating Partnership LP, a Delaware limited partnership (which we refer to as “Safehold OP”).

In general, all of SAFE’s Ground Leases are subject to the Caret program. However, by virtue of the proposed changes in the Caret program (as described below and elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/​prospectus), non-commercial ground leases and pre-development Ground Leases will be excluded.

In general, the holders of Caret units are entitled to amounts equal to the net proceeds from the disposition of a Ground Lease Asset in excess of the cost borne by SAFE to acquire such Ground Lease

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Asset (including amounts paid to the tenant in connection with the initial development of improvements at the properties). However, SAFE is entitled to deduct from the amount payable to the holders of Caret units on account of such net proceeds: (i) accrued unpaid rent under the applicable Ground Lease; and (ii) by virtue of the proposed amendments to the Caret program, (a) unrecovered acquisition costs borne by Portfolio Holdings in connection with other Ground Lease Assets that were disposed following the termination of the applicable Ground Leases by reason of defaults of tenants, and (b) unrecovered costs relating to the issuance, maintenance and management of Caret units as a separate security, among other costs.

Ownership of Caret

As of the date hereof, 9,531,627 of the 10,000,000 currently authorized Caret units are issued and outstanding.

SAFE Ownership of Caret Units

As of September 30, 2022, SAFE held 8,000,000 Caret units, representing 83.93% of the then-outstanding Caret units and 80.00% of the then-authorized Caret units.

SAFE Management’s Ownership of Caret Units and the Caret Performance Incentive Plan

In a further attempt to increase stockholder value, during the third quarter of 2018, SAFE adopted, and in the second quarter of 2019, its stockholders approved, the Caret Performance Incentive Plan (which we refer to as the “Plan”). The Plan is intended to encourage personnel to make attractive Ground Lease investments. Under the Plan, 1,500,000 Caret units were reserved for grants of performance-based awards to Plan participants, including certain executives of STAR, or its affiliates, directors of SAFE and service providers of SAFE. Grants under the Plan were subject to graduated vesting based on time-based service conditions and hurdles of SAFE’s common stock price, all of which were satisfied as of December 31, 2021, except with respect to approximately 38,056 Caret units that are scheduled to vest on December 31, 2022 and 1,250 Caret units that are scheduled to vest on December 31, 2023.

As of September 30, 2022, Plan participants held 1,423,056 Caret units, representing 14.93% of the then-outstanding Caret units and 14.23% of the then-authorized Caret units, which includes 735,000 Caret units, representing 7.71% of the then-outstanding Caret units and 7.35% of the then-authorized Caret units, and 337,500 Caret units, representing 3.54% of the then-outstanding Caret units and 3.38% of the then-authorized Caret units, held directly and indirectly by Jay Sugarman, SAFE’s and STAR’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Marcos Alvarado, SAFE’s and STAR’s President and Chief Investment Officer, respectively.

New Caret Awards

In connection with the post-merger employment of employees of New SAFE, the SAFE compensation committee has approved the award of 76,944 new Caret units to executive officers and other employees, other than Messrs. Sugarman and Alvarado. Mr. Asnas will receive 15,000 Caret units. The new Caret units will be granted after the closing of the merger and will cliff vest on the fourth anniversary of their grant date if New SAFE’s common stock has traded at an average price of $60.00 or more for at least 30 consecutive trading days during that four-year period.

February 2022 Investment

In February 2022, SAFE sold an aggregate of 108,571 Caret units, or 1.08% of the then-authorized Caret units, for a purchase price of $175 per unit, to certain third-party investors and received a commitment to purchase 28,571 Caret units for a purchase price of $175 per unit, representing 0.29% of the then-authorized Caret units, from an affiliate of GIC Private Limited, an existing stockholder (which is affiliated with one of SAFE’s independent directors), representing an aggregate of 1.37% of the then-authorized Caret units. In connection with the February sale of Caret units, SAFE agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to provide public market liquidity for the Caret units by seeking to provide a listing of the Caret units (or securities into which the Caret units may be exchanged) on a public exchange within two years of the sale. In the event market liquidity of the Caret units is not achieved within such two year period at a valuation

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not less than the purchase price for the Caret units purchased in February 2022, reduced by an amount equal to the amount of subsequent cash distributions made to the investors on account of such Caret units, then the investors in the February 2022 transaction have the right to cause their Caret units purchased in February 2022 to be redeemed by Caret Ventures at such purchase price as so reduced.

November 2022 Investment

In November 2022, SAFE entered into subscription agreements for an aggregate of 22,500 Caret units for a purchase price of $200 per unit, with certain third-party investors.

Caret Realization Event and Related Potential Distribution

On September 22, 2022, SAFE announced that it entered into an agreement, as approved by the SAFE board of directors, to sell a Ground Lease in the Washington, D.C. market for $136.0 million to a third-party purchaser. The sale closed on September 29, 2022. The transaction generated a net book gain for SAFE of approximately $46.8 million. After paying closing costs, establishing reserves for Caret-related expenses and deducting the original $76.7 million cost basis to SAFE, the remaining proceeds have been distributed approximately 83% to SAFE and approximately 17% to the minority holders of Caret units. In addition, MSD Partners will receive a credit against their purchase price for Caret units equal to the amount they would have received had they held Caret units at the time of the distribution.

Restructuring

As part of a restructuring in connection with the merger (which we refer to as the “restructuring”), Safehold OP will convert to a Delaware limited liability company and rename itself Safehold GL Holdings LLC (which we refer to as “Portfolio Holdings”). In addition, holders of Caret units in SAFE’s subsidiary, Caret Ventures, will contribute their interests in Caret Ventures to Portfolio Holdings in return for Caret units to be issued by Portfolio Holdings. Following the restructuring, 100% of the equity interests in Caret Ventures will be held by Portfolio Holdings and New SAFE, management of New SAFE, employees and former employees of STAR, MSD Partners and other outside investors will own 100% of the issued and outstanding equity of Portfolio Holdings in the percentages shown in the chart below. References in this SAFE Proposal 2 to “Caret units” and “GL units” shall refer to Caret units and GL units, respectively, of Caret Ventures as defined in Caret Ventures’ Limited Liability Company Agreement dated August 16, 2018 (which we refer to as the “Existing LLCA”) prior to the restructuring, and to Caret units and GL units, respectively, of Portfolio Holdings as defined in the Portfolio Holdings LLCA following the restructuring, unless context otherwise requires.

The following chart illustrates the organizational structure of New SAFE following the completion of each of the merger, the spin-off, the MSD transactions and the restructuring, after giving effect to the implementation of the changes contemplated by the Caret amendment proposal:

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(1)

9,531,627 Caret units are outstanding as of September 30, 2022; 10.0 million Caret units are authorized before approval of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal and 12.0 million Caret units will be authorized after approval of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal.

Description of the Portfolio Holdings Limited Liability Company Agreement and Ancillary Agreements

A summary of the material terms of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA and certain ancillary agreements can be found at page 194 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus. This summary is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, which is attached as Annex K to this joint proxy statement/ prospectus and is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus. When used in reference to the Existing LLCA or Portfolio Holdings LLCA, “Ground Lease” means a commercial ground lease or sublease and any other commercial lease or sublease that the Managing Member (as defined below) determines has characteristics of a ground lease or ground sublease, together with any related documents or instruments binding (directly or indirectly) on Portfolio Holdings (or the person through whom Portfolio Holdings has directly or indirectly invested in such Ground Lease) and the lessee thereunder and/or its affiliates; provided, however, that the term “Ground Lease” shall not include a ground lease with respect to property that is intended for individual residential use; any commercial ground lease or sublease and any other commercial lease or sublease that the Managing Member determines has characteristics of a ground lease or ground sublease where Portfolio Holdings (or the person through whom Portfolio Holdings has directly or indirectly invested in such commercial ground lease or sublease) is lessee but not a lessor thereunder; or any pre-development Ground Lease.

Comparison of Significant Provisions of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA Against the Existing LLCA

The following table compares and contrasts certain economic rights of GL unit holders and Caret unit holders under the terms of the Existing LLCA and the terms of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA if the SAFE Caret amendment proposal is approved by SAFE stockholders. Capitalized terms used herein but not defined shall have the meaning set forth under “The Portfolio Holdings Limited Liability Company Agreement” and “Certain Defined Terms”.

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​	Terms of Existing LLCA	Terms of Portfolio Holdings LLCA
Issuance Limitation	Caret Ventures is authorized to issue 10,000,000 Caret units.	Portfolio Holdings is authorized to issue 12,000,000 Caret units.
SAFE Ownership Requirement	None.	At least 51%.
Refinancing	Caret units holders are entitled to the net refinancing proceeds received from the refinancing of a fee interest and related Ground Lease above Caret Venture’s basis in the refinanced asset.	Caret unit holders will not be entitled to any refinancing proceeds received from the refinancing of a fee interest and related Ground Lease. All burdens and benefits of refinancings accrue to the GL units.
Lease Expiration and Early Termination	Subject to certain limitations, Caret Ventures has an obligation to sell the real property subject to a Ground Lease within 12 months upon the termination of the Ground Lease by Caret upon the default of a tenant.	Subject to certain limitations, Portfolio Holdings has an obligation to sell a Company GL Asset upon the expiration or termination of a Ground Lease.
Disposition	Net cash proceeds from the sale of the real property, less any reserves determined by the Managing Member, are distributable: • first, to the holders of GL units aggregate amounts up to the remaining cost basis, which includes acquisition costs, cost of improvements, any carrying or financing costs not covered by revenues and any unpaid past due rents, and • thereafter, to the holders of the Caret units.	Any sale of any Company GL Asset must be to an unaffiliated third party or via an arm’s length marketed process and, in the case of a sale to an affiliate of SAFE following a Liquidity Transaction, as agreed to by a majority of the members of the Independent Directors Committee. The net cash and other proceeds received from sale will be allocable: • first, to reduce the Investment Amount until it is reduced to zero dollars, • second, to reduce the Accrued Unpaid Rent Amount until it is reduced to zero dollars, • third, to reduce the Recoverable Amount until it is reduced to zero dollars, • fourth, to reduce the Caret Operating Expense Amount until it is reduced to zero dollars, and thereafter • an amount equal to the balance shall be distributable pro rata to the holders of Caret units.
Early Lease Extension	In the event that any Ground Lease is extended prior its initial expiration or if Caret Ventures changes a Company GL Asset in a manner that reduces the value, or extends the timing for the realization, of the	Net operating income received by Portfolio Holdings in respect of a Materially Changed GL Asset will be allocable: • first, to reduce the Origination Economics of such Materially

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​	Terms of Existing LLCA	Terms of Portfolio Holdings LLCA
​	amounts which Caret unit holders would otherwise receive (“GL Material Change”), the holders of GL units are entitled to any amounts paid in connection with such early extension or GL Material Change, including all increases in rent and all fees paid in connection with such extension or other GL Material Change.	Changed GL Asset until it is reduced to zero dollars (with an amount equal to any net operating income paid or payable to Portfolio Holdings in connection with a GL Material Change of such Company GL Asset including any related upsized rent first being applied to reduce the Invested Amount of such Materially Changed GL Asset until it is reduced to zero dollars, and then being applied to the balance of the Origination Economics of such Materially Changed GL Asset), • second, to reduce the Recoverable Amount until it is reduced to zero dollars, • third, to reduce the Caret Operating Expense Amount until it is reduced to zero dollars ($0.00), and thereafter • an amount equal to the balance shall be distributable pro rata to the holders of Caret units. Portfolio Holdings is required to seek to dispose of a Company GL Asset after the Origination Economics of the Materially Changed GL Asset is reduced to zero dollars. Any such disposition must be made to either (i) an unaffiliated third-party or (ii) via a marketed process on an arms-length term. In the case of a sale to an affiliate of SAFE following a Liquidity Transaction, the sale must be agreed to by a majority of the members of the Independent Directors Committee.
Cross Collateralization	None.	If Portfolio Holdings fails to recover the Invested Amount upon application of the proceeds from the disposition of a Company GL Asset following an Involuntary Ground Lease Termination, the remaining amount will be recoverable from future proceeds that could otherwise be payable to the Caret unit holders.

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​	Terms of Existing LLCA	Terms of Portfolio Holdings LLCA
Upsize	The GL unit holder is entitled to the increased rent and an increase in basis of the Ground Lease on account of an upsize (e.g., new, post-completion advances made to a tenant).	The GL unit holder is entitled to the increased rent on account of an upsize provided it is not made together with a GL Material Change but not any increase in basis on account of an upsize.
Caret Operating Expenses	There is no provision to reduce amounts distributable to Caret units on account of net out-of-pocket operating expenses attributable to the administration, management, transfer, redemption or issuance of Caret units and related company or governance matters.	Distributions to holders of Caret units will be reduced on account of Caret Operating Expenses.
Use of Proceeds	Not specified.	The proceeds of any primary issuance of Caret units by Portfolio Holdings may only be used for general corporate purposes of a commercial ground lease business. The net proceeds from certain debt financings must be used solely to pay for Caret Operating Expenses, and any remaining proceeds will be distributed to holders of Caret units.
Drag-Along Rights	None.	Prior to a Liquidity Transaction, SAFE (or its successor) will have a drag-along right in the event of (i) a change of control of SAFE (or its successor), (ii) a sale of the majority of the consolidated assets of SAFE or its subsidiaries or (iii) the sale of the majority of the consolidated assets of Portfolio Holding’s Ground Lease Business, allowing the drag-along sale of all Caret units. The drag-along right will be subject to customary minority protections. Members will receive their pro rata allocation of proceeds received from a drag-along transaction.
Right of First Offer	None.	Prior to a Liquidity Transaction, SAFE will have a right of first offer prior to the transfer by a Member of their Caret units (other than a Permitted Transfer).
Redemption Rights	Only GL unit holders have redemption rights.	Neither GL unit holders nor Caret unit holders have redemption rights.
Amendments to the agreement	The Existing LLCA could not be amended in a manner that disproportionately effects any class of units without the consent of	Certain provisions of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA cannot be amended without the consent of Caret unit holders (other than SAFE or any

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​	Terms of Existing LLCA	Terms of Portfolio Holdings LLCA
​	holders holding a majority of the affected class.	person that is employed by SAFE or its subsidiaries) holding a majority of Caret units.
Transfer Restrictions	Transfers by Members of Units are subject to certain customary restrictions.	Prior to a Liquidity Transaction or before the two year anniversary of the date of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, Caret unit holders (other than SAFE or its controlled affiliates) may not transfer Caret units without the consent of SAFE other than by means of (i) a transfer by a Member to certain affiliates, (ii) pursuant to a drag-along transaction or Liquidity Transaction, or (iii) direct or indirect transfers of shares of stock publicly traded on a nationally recognized stock exchange (each, a “Permitted Transfer”). All transfers by Members of Units, even following such date, are subject to certain other customary restrictions.

Additionally, in connection with the adoption of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, SAFE expects to enter into additional agreements with Caret unitholders and MSD Partners, a description of which can be found on page 105 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

Principal Reasons for Changes to the Caret Program

The SAFE board of directors believes that the proposed modifications to the Caret program reflects various enhancements that should help to achieve the stated purpose of improving the recognition of the value of unrealized capital appreciation in SAFE’s Ground Lease portfolio, simplify the overall structure of SAFE’s Caret program and better position SAFE to make potential future sales of Caret units to investors in either private or public offerings. The SAFE board of directors has also evaluated the potential modifications to the Caret program in the context of the overall benefits and/or detriments to SAFE’s business, SAFE’s interest as the GL unit holder and majority Caret unit holder and stockholder value.

Economic Rights

The SAFE board of directors believes that the proposed changes to the economic and other rights of GL units and Caret units provide more protection, value, clarity and flexibility to SAFE as the holder of the GL units while providing more certainty to holders of Caret units, including SAFE. By narrowing the triggers for a Caret unit distribution, such as eliminating Caret unit holders’ rights to refinancing proceeds, and limiting distributions to Caret units in certain circumstances, such as restricting future Caret unit distributions until holders of GL units are made whole in the event Portfolio Holdings fails to recover its investment basis in a Ground Lease that has been terminated by reason of a tenant default, SAFE, as the owner of the GL units, has an enhanced likelihood of receiving a full return of the investment basis in the underlying Ground Lease.

Conversely, by explicitly expanding the circumstances pursuant to which Portfolio Holdings is required to sell a Ground Lease Asset, such as by requiring Portfolio Holdings to sell such property upon all Ground Lease expirations, and by requiring sales of a Ground Lease Asset be to an unaffiliated third party or through an arm’s length marketed process, holders of Caret units will have more certainty as to when a distribution will occur. Caret units will also benefit from upfront rent payments and/or increased rents when

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a Ground Lease is extended prior to its initial expiration once GL units have been made whole for the aggregate amount of the original rent for the original lease term plus Portfolio Holdings’ investment basis in the Ground Lease.

In the event there is an increase in the amount of rent or other amounts payable by a lessee under a Ground Lease that the lessee was not previously required to pay other than in connection with a GL Material Change (as defined in the Portfolio Holdings LLCA), the Portfolio Holdings LLCA provides that GL unit distributions will benefit from the increased rent, but will not benefit from any increase in the investment basis of the Ground Lease so that Caret units can benefit from the capital appreciation above the original investment basis of the Ground Lease upon its sale. The Portfolio Holdings LLCA also clarifies the circumstances that trigger a revision to the investment basis, so that certain unreimbursed expenses increase basis but fees paid by tenants for ordinary asset management do not reduce basis.

Corporate Matters

The SAFE board of directors believes that proposed changes to corporate matters regarding GL units and Caret units may provide benefits to both GL units and Caret units and protections for minority investors, apart from certain changes to Caret unit distributions.

Additionally, the SAFE board of directors has negotiated with senior management of SAFE and STAR to impose a new time-vesting requirement for Caret units held by certain members of senior management. Although Caret units awarded under the Plan were subject to stock price hurdles and time-based service conditions, such hurdles and conditions for such senior management have been satisfied and such grants have fully vested, except with respect to approximately 38,056 Caret units that are scheduled to vest on December 31, 2022 and 1,250 Caret units that are scheduled to vest on December 31, 2023. Under the proposed revisions, Jay Sugarman, SAFE’s and STAR’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Marcos Alvarado, SAFE’s and STAR’s President and Chief Investment Officer, Brett Asnas, SAFE’s and STAR’s Chief Financial Officer, Garett Rosenblum, SAFE’s and STAR’s Chief Accounting Officer, and certain other management and employees of SAFE, representing approximately 95% of the then-outstanding Caret units held by management and employees of SAFE, will now be subject to an incremental two-year vesting period with respect to 25% of their vested Caret units. The SAFE board of directors believes these changes will facilitate retaining such personnel, which will benefit holders of GL units and Caret units.

Under the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, SAFE will have a drag-along right that requires the sale of all Caret units in the event of a change of control in SAFE (or any successor entity) prior to a Liquidity Transaction. The SAFE board of directors believes that the drag-along right would provide more certainty as to the outcome of a change of control event, potentially benefitting both holders of GL units and holders of Caret units in favor of a sale of their units.

In order to protect minority investors from future adverse changes to the terms of the Caret program, the Portfolio Holdings LLCA will provide that any material amendment that adversely impacts the interest of Caret unit holders will require the consent of a majority of unit holders that are not SAFE or members of its management. Further, prior to any REIT Conversion (as defined below), pursuant to the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, and for such time following the REIT Conversion as required by an ancillary agreement described below, SAFE (or any successor entity) will be required to maintain ownership, directly or indirectly, of at least 51% of the Caret units in order to promote alignment between SAFE and holders of Caret units by ensuring that SAFE remains a significant holder of Caret units.

The SAFE board of directors has considered the impact of the changes of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal in the aggregate and reviewed financial modeling prepared by a third-party firm based on a range of scenarios prepared by management and concluded that the proposed changes included in the Portfolio Holdings LLCA do not increase the value of the Caret units held by SAFE management.

Certain Matters Considered by the SAFE Board of Directors

The SAFE board of directors intends that the proposed changes to the Caret program will improve the recognition of the value of unrealized capital appreciation in SAFE’s Ground Lease portfolio by market

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participants. However, it is possible that such recognition will not occur or will result in an increase in the market price of SAFE’s common stock.

If the SAFE board of directors implements the SAFE Caret amendment proposal, SAFE may be compelled to dispose of a Ground Lease Asset other than as currently expressly provided under the Caret program. Such a disposition will result in distributions to SAFE and the other holders of Caret units. Issuances of additional Caret units may dilute the economic interests of SAFE; however, SAFE controls whether Portfolio Holdings makes such issuances. The SAFE board of directors has proposed increasing the total number of authorized Caret units from the current authorized limit of 10,000,000 to 12,000,000, which, if fully issued to third parties, would dilute the holdings of current Caret unit holders by 20%.

When the Caret program was established and the Plan approved by SAFE’s common stockholders, the SAFE board of directors recognized that there were inherent conflicts of interest between holders of SAFE common stock and the holders of Caret units. The proposed changes to the Caret program do not eliminate these conflicts. Conflicts of interest may arise with respect to investment, management and capital and operational decisions, and while SAFE management and the SAFE board of directors may consider SAFE’s interest as a Caret unit holder, neither is obligated to separately consider the interests of Caret unit holders when making such decisions. Additionally, certain members of SAFE’s management, including Jay Sugarman, SAFE’s and STAR’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Marcos Alvarado, SAFE’s and STAR’s President and Chief Investment Officer, are Caret unit holders as discussed above, and this creates potential conflicts of interest when SAFE management is faced with decisions that could have different implications for holders of Caret units and holders of SAFE common stock, as SAFE management may have incentives to make decisions that benefit holders of Caret units.

The Portfolio Holdings LLCA will also contain provisions that limit SAFE’s ability to make future changes to the agreement that could be beneficial to SAFE and its stockholders without the consent of Caret unit holders (other than SAFE and certain of its employees). Caret unit holders’ approval rights, particularly with respect to any amendments or modifications to SAFE’s drag-along right in the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, could make SAFE a less attractive target for acquisition and therefore delay, deter or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for SAFE common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of SAFE stockholders.

Accounting Effects of the SAFE Caret Changes

Prior to the SAFE Caret changes, the Plan has been treated for accounting purposes as an equity compensation plan under Accounting Standards Codification 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (which we refer to as “ASC 718”), with grants treated as equity awards under ASC 718. Equity classified awards are generally recognized as compensation cost over the requisite service period on the basis of the fair-value-based measure of the award on the grant date. Given that awards under the Plan were subject to both market conditions (hurdles of SAFE’s common stock price) and service conditions (time-based), SAFE has previously recognized compensation costs as the requisite service was rendered. Following the restructuring, the Plan will continue to be treated as an equity compensation plan under ASC 718. As such, any future issuance of Caret units under the Plan will be treated for accounting purposes in the same manner they were treated before the restructuring and the SAFE Caret changes. The Caret units will be treated as compensation costs on the basis of the fair-value measure of the award on the grant date, with compensation costs recognized over the requisite service period. In addition, changes in value will not be recorded as proscribed under ASC 718 and any payment made to employees in excess of the amount expensed will be charged against equity.

In order to assist in the analysis of the SAFE Caret changes, SAFE engaged an outside advisor to perform a valuation based solely on the financial implications of the SAFE Caret changes. The outside advisor concluded that the proposed SAFE Caret changes would result in a decrease in value to the Caret program. In addition, based on an initial analysis that has not been concluded, it has been determined that the MSD transactions will not change the conclusion that the SAFE Caret changes will result in an overall reduction in value to the Caret program. As a result, under the applicable accounting guidance, the SAFE Caret changes will not result in an accounting charge, given that any proposed changes will not result in an increase in value to the Plan.

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Implementation of Changes to the Caret Program

The SAFE board of directors shall have discretion as to whether or not to implement the changes to the Caret program contemplated by the SAFE Caret amendment proposal. While the completion of the merger and spin-off and approval by SAFE stockholders of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal are conditions to the consummation of the MSD Caret unit purchase, the SAFE board of directors shall also have discretion to implement such changes if the SAFE Caret amendment proposal is not approved.

Required Vote

Approval of the SAFE Caret amendment proposal requires the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes cast by holders of outstanding shares of SAFE common stock, assuming a quorum is present.

The SAFE board of directors recommends that SAFE stockholders vote “FOR” the SAFE Caret amendment proposal.

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SAFE PROPOSAL 3: THE SAFE ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL

SAFE stockholders are being asked to approve the adjournment from time to time of the SAFE special meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes to adopt the SAFE merger proposal at the time of the SAFE special meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

SAFE is asking its stockholders to authorize the holder of any proxy solicited by the SAFE board of directors to vote in favor of granting discretionary authority to the proxy holders, and each of them individually, to adjourn the SAFE special meeting to another time and place for the purpose of soliciting additional proxies. If the SAFE stockholders approve this proposal, SAFE could adjourn the SAFE special meeting and any adjourned session of the SAFE special meeting and use the additional time to solicit additional proxies, including the solicitation of proxies from SAFE stockholders who have previously voted.

Required Vote

Approval of the SAFE adjournment proposal requires the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes cast by holders of outstanding shares of SAFE common stock, assuming a quorum is present. If a quorum is not present, the chairman of the SAFE special meeting may adjourn the meeting.

The SAFE board of directors recommends that SAFE stockholders vote “FOR” the SAFE adjournment proposal.

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DESCRIPTION OF NEW SAFE CAPITAL STOCK

General

At the effective time of the merger, the charter and bylaws of STAR will be amended and restated. The charter and bylaws of New SAFE, as the surviving corporation of the merger, will govern the combined company. The New SAFE charter and bylaws are similar to the SAFE charter and bylaws in all material respects. The New SAFE charter provides that New SAFE may issue up to 400,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. Under Maryland law, stockholders are not generally liable for New SAFE’s debts or obligations solely as a result of their status as stockholders.

The following summary of the terms and provisions of New SAFE’s common stock, the New SAFE charter, the New SAFE bylaws and Maryland law does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the pertinent sections of Maryland law and to the New SAFE charter and New SAFE bylaws, which are filed as exhibits to this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

Common Stock

Subject to the provisions of the New SAFE charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of New SAFE’s stock and except as may otherwise be specified in the New SAFE charter, each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder thereof to one vote on all matters on which the holders of common stock are entitled to vote, including the election of directors, and, except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of shares of common stock will vote together as a single class. New SAFE’s directors are elected by New SAFE’s stockholders to serve until the next annual meeting and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified. There is no cumulative voting in the election of New SAFE’s directors.

Holders of shares of common stock generally have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund or redemption rights and generally have no appraisal rights unless New SAFE’s board of directors determines that appraisal rights apply, with respect to all or any such classes or series of stock, to one or more transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which holders of such shares would otherwise be entitled to exercise appraisal rights. Holders of shares of common stock generally have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any securities of New SAFE; however, New SAFE has granted contractual preemptive rights to certain stockholders, as discussed below under “Stockholders Agreements with Certain Investors.” Subject to the provisions of the New SAFE charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of New SAFE’s stock and except as otherwise provided in the New SAFE charter, shares of common stock have equal dividend, distribution, liquidation and other rights.

Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer

With certain limited exceptions, the New SAFE charter provides that no person shall beneficially or constructively own (i) more than 9.8% in number or value (whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate outstanding shares of New SAFE capital stock; or (ii) more than 9.8% in number or value (whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate outstanding shares of New SAFE common stock. The New SAFE board of directors may increase the ownership limits described above from time to time. No person shall beneficially or constructively own shares of New SAFE capital stock to the extent that such ownership would result in SAFE/New SAFE being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT.

In the event of a purported transfer or other event that would, if effective, result in the ownership of shares in violation of the ownership limitations described above, the transfer as to that number of shares that would be owned by the transferee in excess of the ownership limitations (the “excess shares”) will be automatically transferred to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary, effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to such transfer, and the purported transferee will acquire no rights to such shares. If the transfer to the charitable trust of the shares that were transferred in violation of the REIT ownership limits discussed above is not automatically effective for any reason, the transfer that resulted in

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the violation of the REIT ownership limit or that otherwise would cause New SAFE to fail to qualify as a REIT will be void ab initio, and the transferee will acquire no rights to such shares.

The trustee will sell the excess shares within 20 days and the transferee will receive the lesser of (i) its cost of acquiring the shares (or market price if the shares were a gift) and (ii) the price per share received by the trustee (net of any commissions and other expenses of sale) from the sale or other disposition of the shares held in the charitable trust. New SAFE has the right to purchase the shares from the charitable trust at a price per share equal to the lesser of the price per share in the transaction that resulted in the transfer of the shares to the charitable trust, or, in the case of a devise or gift, the market price at the time of such devise or gift, and the market price of such shares on the date New SAFE or its designee agrees to purchase the shares.

The New SAFE charter further prohibits any person from transferring any shares of our capital stock if the transfer would result in the shares of our capital stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons or otherwise would cause the company not to qualify as a REIT, and any such attempted transfer will be void and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in such shares.

Additionally, if the New SAFE board of directors determines that a restricted transfer has occurred, the Board may take action it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to such transfer, including (i) causing New SAFE to redeem shares, (ii) refusing to give effect to such transfer on the books of New SAFE or (iii) instituting proceedings to enjoin such transfer.

The New SAFE board of directors in its discretion may exempt a person from certain ownership limits if certain conditions are met and if it receives representations and undertakings that such person’s ownership would not result in New SAFE owning an interest in a tenant that is described in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code if the income derived by New SAFE from such tenant for the taxable year during which such determination is being made would reasonably be expected to equal or exceed the lesser of (a) one percent (1%) of New SAFE’s gross income, or (b) an amount that would cause New SAFE to fail to satisfy any of the gross income requirements of Section 856(c) of the Code; and if such person agrees that, in the event of any failure of these representations, excess shares will automatically transfer to a trust as if the existing general ownership limits applied.

Every owner of 5% or more (or such lower percentage as required by the Code or the regulations promulgated thereunder) of New SAFE’s stock, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, is required to give us written notice, stating the stockholder’s name and address, the number of shares of each class and series of New SAFE’s stock that the stockholder beneficially owns and a description of the manner in which the shares are held. Each such owner must provide us with such additional information as New SAFE may request in order to determine the effect of the stockholder’s beneficial ownership on New SAFE’s qualification as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the ownership limits. In addition, each stockholder must provide New SAFE with such information as New SAFE may request in good faith in order to determine New SAFE’s qualification as a REIT and to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance.

These restrictions on ownership and transfer will not apply if New SAFE’s board of directors determines that it is no longer in New SAFE’s best interests to qualify as a REIT or that compliance with such provisions is no longer required for REIT qualification.

These ownership limits could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for New SAFE’s common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of New SAFE’s stockholders.

Removal of Directors

The New SAFE charter provides that, subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of preferred stock to elect or remove one or more directors, any director or the entire board of directors may be removed only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. Cause is defined in the New SAFE charter to mean, with respect to any particular director, a conviction of a felony or a final judgment of

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a court of competent jurisdiction holding that such director caused demonstrable, material harm to us through bad faith or active and deliberate dishonesty.

Business Combinations

Under the MGCL, certain “business combinations” ​(including a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power to of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock or an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power to of the then outstanding stock of the corporation) or an affiliate of such an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Thereafter, any such business combination must generally be recommended by the board of directors of such corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (i) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding voting stock of the corporation and (ii) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder, unless, among other conditions, the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. The board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance with any terms and conditions determined by it.

These provisions of the MGCL do not apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by a board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Pursuant to the statute, New SAFE’s board of directors intends, by resolution, to exempt business combinations between New SAFE and any other person and, consequently, the five-year prohibition and the supermajority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between New SAFE and any person as described above. As a result, any person described above may be able to enter into business combinations with New SAFE that may not be in the best interest of New SAFE’s stockholders without compliance with the supermajority vote requirements and other provisions of the statute.

We cannot assure you New SAFE’s board of directors will not opt to be subject to such business combination provisions in the future. However, an alteration or repeal of the resolution described above will not have any effect on any business combinations that has been consummated or upon any agreements existing at the time of such modification or repeal. If New SAFE’s board of directors opts back into the business combination statute, the business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of the company and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer.

Control Share Acquisitions

The MGCL provides that “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of stock in a corporation in respect of which any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power to of such shares in the election of directors: (i) a person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition; (ii) an officer of the corporation; or (iii) an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation. “Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock previously acquired by the acquirer, or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power to (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power to in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power to: (a) one-tenth or more but less than one-third; (b) one-third or more but less than a majority; or (c) a majority or more of all voting power to. Control shares do not include shares that the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval or shares acquired directly from the

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corporation. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition, directly or indirectly, of ownership of, or the power to direct the exercise of voting power to with respect to, issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.

A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses and making an “acquiring person statement” as described in the MGCL), may compel the corporation to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders’ meeting.

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an “acquiring person statement” as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control share acquisition. The control share acquisition statute does not apply to (i) shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (ii) acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.

The New SAFE bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any acquisitions by any person of shares of New SAFE’s stock. There is no assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

Subtitle 8

Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of five provisions: (i) a classified board; (ii) a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director; (iii) a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the directors; (iv) a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of class of directors in which the vacancy occurred; and (v) a majority requirement for the calling of a special meeting of stockholders.

New SAFE has not elected to be subject to any of the provisions of Subtitle 8. Moreover, the New SAFE charter provides that, without the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast on the matter by New SAFE’s stockholders entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, New SAFE may not elect to be subject to any of the provisions of Subtitle 8.

Amendments to the New SAFE Charter and Bylaws

The New SAFE charter generally may be amended only with the approval of New SAFE’s board of directors and the affirmative vote of the stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However, New SAFE’s board of directors, without stockholder approval, has the power to under the New SAFE charter to amend the New SAFE charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that New SAFE are authorized to issue, to authorize us to issue authorized but unissued shares of New SAFE’s common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of New SAFE’s common stock or preferred stock into one or more classes or series of stock and set the terms of such newly classified or reclassified shares. See “Power to Reclassify New SAFE’s Unissued Shares of Stock” and “— Power to Increase or Decrease Authorized Shares of Common Stock and Issue Additional Shares of Common and Preferred Stock.”

The New SAFE bylaws provide that the board of directors has the power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of the bylaws and to make new bylaws. In addition, pursuant to a binding stockholder proposal,

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the stockholders have the power to alter, amend or repeal the New SAFE bylaws by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

Dissolution of New SAFE

The dissolution of New SAFE must be declared advisable by a majority of New SAFE’s entire board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business

The New SAFE bylaws provide that, with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to New SAFE’s board of directors and the proposal of other business to be considered by stockholders may be made only (i) pursuant to New SAFE’s notice of the meeting, (ii) by or at the direction of New SAFE’s board of directors or (iii) by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record as of the record date for the meeting, at the time of giving the notice required by the New SAFE bylaws and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated or on such other business and who has complied with the advance notice provisions set forth in the New SAFE bylaws.

With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in New SAFE’s notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to New SAFE’s board of directors may be made only (i) by or at the direction of New SAFE’s board of directors or (ii) provided that the meeting has been called in accordance with the New SAFE bylaws for the purpose of electing directors, by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record as of the record date for the meeting, at the time of giving the notice required by the New SAFE bylaws and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated and who has complied with the advance notice provisions set forth in the New SAFE bylaws.

Such provisions may have the effect of precluding the consideration of stockholder proposals, including stockholder nominations for the election of directors, if proper procedures are not followed and of discouraging or deterring a third party from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or to approve its own proposal without regard to whether consideration of such nominees or proposals might be harmful or beneficial to New SAFE and its stockholders.

Anti-Takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of the New SAFE Charter and Bylaws

The New SAFE charter and New SAFE bylaws and Maryland law contain provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a change in control or other transaction that might involve a premium price for New SAFE’s shares of common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of New SAFE’s stockholders, including restrictions on ownership and transfer of New SAFE’s stock, the power of New SAFE’s board to authorize additional shares of capital stock and classify or reclassify capital stock without stockholder approval, limitations on the removal of directors and advance notice requirements for director nominations and stockholder proposals. Likewise, if the provision in the bylaws opting out of the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL were to be rescinded, if New SAFE were to opt into the business combination provisions of the MGCL, or if New SAFE’s stockholders were to approve New SAFE’s election to be subject to a classified board or other provisions of Subtitle 8, these provisions of the MGCL could have similar anti-takeover effects.

Stockholders Agreements with Certain Investors

SFTY Venture LLC.   New SAFE will be a party to a stockholder’s agreement with SFTY Venture LLC, which made an investment in SAFE prior to its initial public offering, which provides the investor the right to purchase additional shares of New SAFE’s common stock up to an amount equal to 10% of future issuances of common stock by us in single issuances of at least $1 million, and on a quarterly basis in respect of other issuances. The purchase price paid by SFTY Venture LLC will generally be the same price as the price per share implied by the transaction that resulted in the relevant issuance. SFTY Venture LLC will also have the right to designate a non-voting board observer and participate as a co-investor in real estate

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investments for which New SAFE are seeking co-investment partners. The foregoing rights are conditioned on SFTY Venture LLC owning at least the lesser of (i) 5.0% of New SAFE’s outstanding common stock and (ii) common stock with a value of $50 million. The stockholder’s agreement with SFTY Ventures LLC is incorporated by reference as an exhibit to this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

As discussed under “The Merger — MSD Transaction,” New SAFE will enter into a stockholder’s agreement with MSD in connection with the closing of that transaction. The stockholder’s agreement provides MSD certain rights to purchase additional shares of New SAFE common stock in connection with new issuances of common stock by New SAFE, as more fully described in that section of the joint proxy statement/prospectus.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for New SAFE’s common stock and preferred stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

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SHARE OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
AND MANAGEMENT/DIRECTORS OF STAR

To STAR’s knowledge, the following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of STAR common stock as of the close of business on October 31, 2022 (except as noted in the footnotes below) with respect to: each person known by STAR to beneficially own 5% or more of the outstanding shares of STAR common stock; each member of the STAR board of directors; each named executive officer; and the members of the STAR board of directors and STAR’s current executive officers as a group.

STAR has determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC. Except as indicated by the footnotes below, STAR believes, based on the information furnished to STAR, that the persons and entities named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of STAR common stock that he, she or it beneficially owns.

Applicable percentage ownership and voting power is based on 86,697,347 shares of STAR common stock outstanding as of, and common stock equivalents, or “CSEs,” and additional shares of STAR common stock that have been or would be issued upon the vesting of restricted stock units held by directors or executive officers within 60 days of, October 31, 2022, the latest practicable date before the filing of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

Security Ownership of Directors and Executive Officers

Included in the computation of the number of shares of STAR common stock outstanding and beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person in the table below are shares of STAR common stock that are subject to CSEs and restricted stock units held by that person that are or will be fully vested within 60 days of October 31, 2022, the latest practicable date before the filing of this joint proxy statement/prospectus. These shares of STAR common stock are not, however, deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.

Unless otherwise noted below, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the table below is 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor, New York, New York 10036.

​	Prior to the Effective Time+				Following the Effective Time‡
Name of Beneficial Owner	Beneficial Ownership		Percent of Class		Beneficial Ownership	Percent of Class
5% Stockholders as of October 31, 2022	​	​	​	​	​	​
BlackRock, Inc.(1)	​	13,421,862	​	15.5%	​	​
FMR LLC(2)	​	6,306,977	​	7.3%	​	​
The Vanguard Group(3)	​	10,993,724	​	12.7%	​	​
STAR directors and named executive officers for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, each as of October 31, 2022	​	​	​	​	​	​
Marcos Alvarado	​	74,487	​	*	​	​
Brett Asnas	​	31,787	​	*	​	​
Clifford DeSouza	​	84,307	​	*	​	​
David Eisenberg	​	35,760	​	*	​	​
Robin Josephs(4)	​	280,846	​	*	​	​
Richard Lieb	​	41,637	​	*	​	​
Barry W. Ridings(5)	​	119,385	​	*	​	​
Jay Sugarman(6)	​	2,958,354	​	3.4%	​	​
All current directors and executive officers as a group (8) persons)	​	3,629,874	​	4.2%	​	​

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+

This column does not give effect to the reverse split or the consummation of the merger.

‡

This column gives effect to the reverse split and consummation of the merger and is based on an assumed STAR share consolidation ratio of 0.27414.

*

Indicates less than 1% of STAR common stock

(1)

Based solely on a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022. The address of BlackRock, Inc. is 55 E. 52nd Street, New York, New York 10055.

(2)

Based solely on a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 9, 2022. The address of FMR LLC is 245 Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210.

(3)

Based solely on a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 10, 2022. The address of The Vanguard Group is 100 Vanguard Blvd., Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355.

(4)

Includes 43,683 shares owned directly by Ms. Josephs and 86,309 CSEs held under the iStar Inc. Non-Employee Directors’ Deferral Plan that are fully vested. Also includes 137,714 shares owned indirectly through a family trust and 13,140 shares owned indirectly through an IRA, as to which Ms. Josephs disclaims beneficial ownership, except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein.

(5)

Includes 111,751 shares of common stock owned directly by Mr. Ridings and 7,634 CSEs held under the iStar Inc. Non-Employee Directors’ Deferral Plan that are fully vested.

(6)

Includes 2,731,277 shares of common stock owned directly by Mr. Sugarman and 40,544 shares owned indirectly through Mr. Sugarman’s spouse. Also includes 151,866 shares owned indirectly through family trusts and 34,667 shares owned indirectly through a foundation, as to which Mr. Sugarman disclaims beneficial ownership, except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein.

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SHARE OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
AND MANAGEMENT/DIRECTORS OF SAFE

To SAFE’s knowledge, the following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of SAFE common stock as of the close of business on October 31, 2022 (except as noted in the footnotes below) with respect to: each person known by SAFE to beneficially own 5% or more of the outstanding shares of SAFE common stock; each member of the SAFE board of directors; each named executive officer; and the members of the SAFE board of directors and SAFE’s current executive officers as a group.

SAFE has determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC. Except as indicated by the footnotes below, SAFE believes, based on the information furnished to SAFE, that the persons and entities named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of SAFE common stock that he, she or it beneficially owns.

Applicable percentage ownership and voting power is based on 62,397,416 shares of SAFE common stock outstanding as of October 31, 2022, the latest practicable date before the filing of this joint proxy statement/prospectus. SAFE has no options or similar securities outstanding that are exercisable within 60 days of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

Security Ownership of Directors and Executive Officers

Unless otherwise noted below, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the table below is 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor, New York, New York 10036.

​	Prior to the Effective Time+				Following the Effective Time‡
Name of Beneficial Owner	Beneficial Ownership		Percent of Class		Beneficial Ownership	Percent of Class
5% Stockholders as of October 31, 2022	​	​	​	​	​	​
GIC Private Limited(1)	​	4,248,435	​	6.8%	​	​
SAFE directors and named executive officers for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, each as of October 31, 2022	​	​	​	​	​	​
Dean S. Adler(2)	​	53,513	​	*	​	​
Marcos Alvarado	​	25,891	​	*	​	​
Brett Asnas	​	—	​	*	​	​
Jesse Hom(3)	​	—	​	*	​	​
Robin Josephs(4)	​	59,796	​	*	​	​
Jay Nydick(5)	​	63,546	​	*	​	​
Stefan M. Selig	​	58,546	​	*	​	​
Jay Sugarman(6)	​	105,652	​	*	​	​
All current directors and executive officers as a group (9) persons)	​	373,899	​	*	​	​

†

The Percent of Class column does not give effect to the reverse split or the consummation of the merger.

‡

The Percent of Class column gives effect to the reverse split and consummation of the merger and is based on an assumed STAR share consolidation ratio of 0.27414.

*

Indicates less than 1% of SAFE common stock

(1)

Based solely on a Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on December 27, 2021. 2,125,000 shares are held directly by SFTY Ventures LLC. GIC Real Estate, Inc., the investment manager for SFTY Venture LLC, has the power to vote and dispose of such shares. GIC Real Estate, Inc. shares such powers with GIC

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Real Estate Private Limited and GIC Private Limited. 2,123,435 shares are held directly by GIC Private Limited, which has the sole power to vote and the sole power to dispose of the shares beneficially owned by it.

(2)

At Mr. Adler’s direction, the shares of SAFE common stock which Mr. Adler has been entitled to receive as compensation for his services as a director have been issued and delivered to SFTY VII-B LLC. Based on a Form 4, dated December 3, 2021, filed with the SEC by Mr. Adler, Mr. Adler’s reported ownership includes 55,313 shares of common stock owned directly by SFTY VII-B LLC. STFY VII-B LLC’s sole member is Lubert-Adler Real Estate Fund VII-B, L.P. Lubert-Adler Real Estate Fund VII-B, L.P.’s general partner is Lubert Adler Group VII-B, LLC. Lubert Adler Group VII-B, LLC’s sole member is Lubert-Adler Group VII-B Holdings, L.P. Lubert Adler Group VII-B Holdings, L.P.’s general partner is Lubert-Adler Group VII-B Holdings, LLC. Mr. Adler is one of two members of Lubert-Adler Group VII-B Holdings, LLC. As a result, Mr. Adler may be deemed to share beneficial ownership of the reported shares. Mr. Adler expressly disclaims beneficial ownership of the reported shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.

(3)

Mr. Hom is an officer of entities affiliated with GIC Private Limited. He disclaims beneficial ownership of shares of SAFE common stock beneficially owned by GIC Private Limited.

(4)

Includes 15,750 shares owned directly by Ms. Josephs and 10,000 restricted stock units that are fully vested and will be settled in five equal annual installments from July 2027 — July 2031. Also includes 34,046 shares owned indirectly through a family trust, as to which Ms. Josephs disclaims beneficial ownership, except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein.

(5)

Includes 25,500 shares owned directly by Mr. Nydick and 38,046 shares owned by a family trust.

(6)

Includes 32,634 shares of common stock owned directly by Mr. Sugarman and shares owned indirectly through family trusts, as to which Mr. Sugarman disclaims beneficial ownership, except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein.

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COMPARISON OF RIGHTS OF STAR STOCKHOLDERS AND NEW SAFE STOCKHOLDERS

After the merger is consummated, common stockholders of SAFE and common stockholders of STAR will be common stockholders of New SAFE. The rights of SAFE stockholders are currently governed by the MGCL, the SAFE charter and the SAFE bylaws. The rights of STAR stockholders are currently governed by the MGCL, the STAR charter and the STAR bylaws.

Upon closing, New SAFE will be governed by the New SAFE charter and New SAFE bylaws rather than the STAR charter and the STAR bylaws, as well as the MGCL. The New SAFE charter is substantially similar to the SAFE charter, except that the SAFE charter requires certain supermajority stockholder approvals that have been eliminated in the New SAFE charter. The New SAFE bylaws are substantially similar to the STAR bylaws.

The following is a summary of the material differences between the rights of STAR common stockholders and New SAFE common stockholders, but does not purport to be a complete description of those differences or a complete description of the terms of the New SAFE common stock. The MGCL applies similarly to STAR, SAFE and New SAFE and rather than duplicating the text of the MGCL provisions being described for each company, the summary notes that it is the same for each company. The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the relevant provisions of the MGCL and the charter and bylaws of STAR, SAFE and New SAFE.

This section does not include a complete description of all the differences, or a complete statement of the specific rights and provisions referred to in this summary. Furthermore, the identification of specific differences in the rights of such holders is not intended to indicate that other differences that may be equally important do not exist. You are urged to read carefully the relevant provisions of Maryland law, as well as the governing corporate instruments of each of STAR, SAFE and New SAFE, copies of which are available, without charge, to any person, including any beneficial owner to whom this joint proxy statement/​prospectus is delivered, by following the instructions listed under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

​	Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
Corporate Governance	STAR is a Maryland corporation that has elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The rights of STAR stockholders are governed by the MGCL, the STAR charter and the STAR bylaws.	SAFE is a Maryland corporation that has elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The rights of SAFE stockholders are governed by the MGCL, the SAFE charter and the SAFE bylaws.	New SAFE will be a Maryland corporation that has elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The rights of New SAFE stockholders will be governed by the MGCL, the New SAFE charter and the New SAFE bylaws.
Authorized Capital Stock or Shares of Beneficial Interest	STAR is currently authorized to issue an aggregate of 230 million shares of capital stock, consisting of (1) 200 million shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and (2) 30 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share.	SAFE is, and New SAFE will be, authorized to issue an aggregate of 450 million shares of capital stock, consisting of (1) 400 million shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and (2) 50 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share.	Same as SAFE.

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Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
As of the record date for the STAR special meeting, there were issued and outstanding [•] shares of STAR common stock, and 12.2 million shares of STAR preferred stock, consisting of 4 million shares of 8% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 3.2 million shares of 7.65% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, and 5 million shares of 7.50% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock.	As of the record date for the SAFE special meeting, there were issued and outstanding [•] shares of SAFE common stock and no shares of SAFE preferred stock.	​
Preferred Stock.   The STAR board of directors is authorized, without stockholder action, to cause STAR to issue preferred stock from time to time and to, among other things, classify and reclassify any unissued shares of capital stock by setting or changing in any one or more respects the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of such shares of capital stock.	Preferred Stock.   The SAFE board of directors is authorized, without stockholder approval, to cause the company to issue preferred stock from time to time in one or more classes or series of stock. Subject to the provisions of the SAFE charter regarding transfer and ownership of shares of capital stock, each class or series may have different preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications, and terms and conditions of redemption that may be established by the board of directors without approval from the stockholders.	Same as SAFE.

173

​	Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
Voting Rights	Each holder of STAR common stock is entitled to one vote per share on all matters upon which stockholders are entitled to vote. In addition, each holder of STAR Series D preferred stock is entitled to 0.25 votes per share on all matters upon which stockholders are entitled to vote.	Each holder of SAFE common stock is entitled to one vote per share on all matters upon which stockholders are entitled to vote.	Same as SAFE.
​	If a quorum is present at a duly called meeting of stockholders, a majority of the votes cast is required to approve a matter which may properly come before a meeting, unless more than a majority of the votes cast is required by the MGCL or the STAR charter, except with respect to the election of directors, who are elected by a plurality of all of the votes cast.	If a quorum is present at a duly called meeting of stockholders, a majority of the votes cast is required to approve a matter which may properly come before a meeting, unless more than a majority of the votes cast is required by the MGCL or the SAFE charter, except with respect to the election of directors, who are elected by a plurality of all of the votes cast	Same as SAFE.
Size of the Board of Directors	The number of directors, which must be between seven and 18, may be changed by a majority of the STAR board of directors or by the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the combined voting power of all shares of capital stock entitled to vote thereon, provided that the number of directors must not be less than the minimum number required by the MGCL. Currently, the STAR board of directors consists of six directors.	The number of directors must not be less than the minimum number required by the MGCL nor more than 15. The number of directors may be changed by a majority of the SAFE board of directors. Currently, the SAFE board of directors consists of six directors.	Same as SAFE, except that the New SAFE board of directors will initially consist of seven directors.

174

​	Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
Classified Board / Term of Directors	The STAR board of directors is not classified. The directors of STAR hold office for a term of one year and serve until their successors are elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation or removal.	The SAFE board of directors is not classified. The directors hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are elected and qualified.	Same as SAFE.
Removal of Directors	The MGCL provides that stockholders may remove directors with or without cause by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally for the election of directors unless the charter of the corporation provides otherwise. However, if a director is elected by a particular class or series, that director may only be removed by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes of that class or series. The STAR charter provides that, subject to the rights of holders of any series of stock, if any, to elect or remove one or more directors, directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the combined voting power of all shares of capital stock entitled to vote on the election of directors voting together as a single class. “Cause” is defined in STAR’s charter as a director’s willful violations of the STAR charter or the STAR bylaws which violations are materially adverse to the interests of the stockholders, or gross	Same. The SAFE charter provides that, subject to the rights of holders of any class of preferred stock, if any, to elect or remove one or more directors, directors may be removed only for cause by the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. “Cause” is defined in the SAFE charter, with respect to any particular director, as conviction of a felony or a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction holding that such director caused demonstrable, material harm to SAFE through bad faith or active and deliberate dishonesty.	Same as SAFE.

175

​	Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
​	negligence in the performance of his or her duties.	​	​
Election of Directors	The STAR bylaws provide that a plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present shall be sufficient to elect a director. The STAR board of directors has adopted a policy that, in an uncontested election, an incumbent nominee who fails to receive the requisite majority of votes cast must offer to resign from the board.	The SAFE bylaws provide that a plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present shall be sufficient to elect a director.	Same as STAR.
Filling Vacancies of Directors	Any vacancy on the STAR board of directors for any cause other than an increase in the number of directors may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, although such majority is less than a quorum. Any vacancy in the number of directors created by an increase in the number of directors may be filled by a majority vote of the entire board of directors.	The SAFE bylaws provide that any vacancy not caused by an increase in the number of directors shall be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, even if such majority is less than a quorum. Any vacancy caused by an increase in the number of directors may be filled by a majority vote of the entire board.	Same as STAR.
Charter Amendments	The MGCL provides that (in addition to approval by the corporation’s board of directors) the affirmative vote of two-thirds of all outstanding stock entitled to vote, or of each class if more than one class is entitled to vote, is required to amend the charter. However, the MGCL permits a corporation to reduce the voting requirement in its charter to allow for the approval	Same. The SAFE charter provides that an amendment to the charter may be approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter, except with respect to an amendment to provisions regarding the removal of directors or restrictions on transfer and ownership of shares. Amendments to these provisions will be valid only if approved by the	Same as SAFE, except that the supermajority vote requirements for specified amendments will be eliminated so that all amendments to the charter may be approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

176

​	Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
​	of an amendment to the charter by a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of the shares outstanding and entitled to be cast. The STAR charter provides that an amendment to the charter may be approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter.	affirmative vote of two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.	​
Bylaw Amendments	The STAR bylaws provide that the STAR board of directors has the power to alter, amend or repeal any provision of the bylaws and to adopt new bylaws. In addition, pursuant to a binding stockholder proposal, the stockholders have the power to alter, amend or repeal the STAR bylaws by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter.	The SAFE bylaws provide that the board of directors has the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of the bylaws and to make new bylaws.	Same as STAR.
Vote on Merger, Consolidations or Sales of Substantially All Assets	The MGCL provides that a merger shall be approved by the corporation’s board of directors and by the stockholders of a corporation by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the merger. However, the MGCL permits a corporation in its charter to reduce the voting requirement to allow for the approval of a merger, consolidation or sale of substantially all of the corporation’s assets by a lower percentage, but not less than the affirmative vote of a majority of the	Same. Under the SAFE charter, any “extraordinary action” ​(which includes a merger, consolidation or sale of substantially all assets) that, under Maryland law, would permit or require such action to be taken or approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of shares entitled to cast a greater number of votes, shall be effective and valid if declared advisable by the board of directors and taken or approved by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast a majority of all	Same as SAFE.

177

​	Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
​	shares outstanding and entitled to be cast. However, the STAR charter provides that, notwithstanding any provision of law permitting or requiring any action to be taken or approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of shares of capital stock entitled to cast a greater number of votes, any such action shall be effective and valid if taken or approved by the affirmative vote of holders of shares of capital stock entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, except as otherwise specifically provided in the STAR charter.	the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.	​
REIT Ownership Limitations	With certain limited exceptions, no person shall beneficially or constructively own more than 9.8% in number or value (whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate outstanding shares of STAR capital stock. The STAR board of directors may increase or decrease the ownership limit described above from time to time. No person shall beneficially or constructively own shares of STAR capital stock to the extent that such ownership would result in STAR being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT. In the event of a purported transfer or	With certain limited exceptions, no person shall beneficially or constructively own (i) more than 9.8% in number or value (whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate outstanding shares of SAFE capital stock; or (ii) more than 9.8% in number or value (whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate outstanding shares of SAFE common stock. The SAFE board of directors may increase the ownership limits described above from time to time. No person shall beneficially or constructively own shares of SAFE capital stock to the extent that such ownership would result in SAFE being “closely	Same as SAFE.

178

Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
other event that would, if effective, result in the ownership of shares in violation of the ownership limitations described above, the transfer as to that number of shares that would be owned by the transferee in excess of the ownership limitations (the “excess shares”) will be automatically transferred to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary, effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to such transfer, and the purported transferee will acquire no rights to such shares. If the transfer to the charitable trust of the shares that were transferred in violation of the REIT ownership limits discussed above is not automatically effective for any reason, the transfer that resulted in the violation of the REIT ownership limit or that otherwise would cause STAR to fail to qualify as a REIT will be void ab initio, and the purported transferee will acquire no rights to such shares. The trustee will sell the excess shares within 60 days after the latest of (i) the date of the purported transfer and (ii) the date the STAR board of directors determines in good faith that a transfer resulting in the transfer to the charitable trust has occurred. The transferee will receive the lesser of	held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT. In the event of a purported transfer or other event that would, if effective, result in the ownership of shares in violation of the ownership limitations described above, the transfer as to that number of shares that would be owned by the transferee in excess of the ownership limitations (the “excess shares”) will be automatically transferred to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary, effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to such transfer, and the purported transferee will acquire no rights to such shares. If the transfer to the charitable trust of the shares that were transferred in violation of the REIT ownership limits discussed above is not automatically effective for any reason, the transfer that resulted in the violation of the REIT ownership limit or that otherwise would cause SAFE/New SAFE to fail to qualify as a REIT will be void ab initio, and the transferee will acquire no rights to such shares. The trustee will sell the excess shares within 20 days and the transferee will receive the lesser of (i) its cost of acquiring the shares (or market price if the shares	​

179

Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
(x) its cost of acquiring the shares (or market price if the shares were a gift) and (y) the proceeds from the sale by the trustee. Any proceeds derived from the sale of the shares in excess of the amount distributed to the prohibited transferee under these provisions would be immediately paid to the beneficiary of the charitable trust. STAR has the right to purchase the shares from the charitable trust at a price per share equal to the lesser of the price per share in the transaction that resulted in the transfer of the shares to the charitable trust, or, in the case of a devise or gift, the market price at the time of such devise or gift, and the market price of such shares on the date STAR or its designee agrees to purchase the shares. The STAR charter further prohibits any person from transferring any shares of STAR capital stock if the transfer would result in the shares of STAR capital stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons or otherwise would cause STAR not to qualify as a REIT, and any such attempted transfer will be void ab initio, and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in such shares. Additionally, if the STAR board of directors determines that a restricted transfer has	were a gift) and (ii) the price per share received by the trustee (net of any commissions and other expenses of sale) from the sale or other disposition of the shares held in the charitable trust. SAFE has the right to purchase the shares from the charitable trust at a price per share equal to the lesser of the price per share in the transaction that resulted in the transfer of the shares to the charitable trust, or, in the case of a devise or gift, the market price at the time of such devise or gift, and the market price of such shares on the date SAFE or its designee agrees to purchase the shares. The SAFE charter further prohibits any person from transferring any shares of our capital stock if the transfer would result in the shares of our capital stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons or otherwise would cause the company not to qualify as a REIT, and any such attempted transfer will be void and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in such shares. Additionally, if the SAFE board of directors determines that a restricted transfer has occurred, the Board may take action it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to such transfer, including (i) causing SAFE to redeem shares, (ii) refusing to give effect	​

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​	Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
​	occurred, the board may take action it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to such transfer, including (i) refusing to give effect to such transfer on the books of STAR or (ii) instituting proceedings to enjoin such transfer. The STAR board of directors in its discretion may exempt a person from certain ownership limits upon receipt of a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel or other evidence satisfactory to the STAR board of directors and upon such other conditions as the STAR board of directors may direct.	to such transfer on the books of SAFE or (iii) instituting proceedings to enjoin such transfer. The SAFE board of directors in its discretion may exempt a person from certain ownership limits if certain conditions are met and if it receives representations and undertakings that such person’s ownership would not result in SAFE owning an interest in a tenant that is described in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code if the income derived by SAFE from such tenant for the taxable year during which such determination is being made would reasonably be expected to equal or exceed the lesser of (a) one percent (1%) of SAFE’s gross income, or (b) an amount that would cause SAFE to fail to satisfy any of the gross income requirements of Section 856(c) of the Code; and if such person agrees that, in the event of any failure of these representations, excess shares will automatically transfer to a trust as if the existing general ownership limits applied.	​
Redemption Rights	STAR may, at its option, redeem the STAR Series D, G and I preferred stock, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, for cash at a redemption price equal to 100% of the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid	Prior to the issuance of classified or reclassified shares of any class or series, the SAFE board of directors shall set or change (subject to the ownership limit described above and subject to the express terms of any class or series of stock outstanding at the time)	Same as SAFE.

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​	Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
​	dividends, if any, to the redemption, subject to certain limitations with respect to the STAR Series D preferred stock.	the qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series.	​
Annual Meetings of the Stockholders	An annual meeting of STAR stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of any business within the powers of the company shall be held on such date and at such time and place as shall be set by the board of directors.	An annual meeting of SAFE stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of any business within the powers of the company shall be held on a date and at the time and place set by the SAFE board of directors.	Same as STAR.
Special Meetings of the Stockholders	A special meeting of STAR stockholders may be called at any time by the STAR board of directors, the chairman of the board of directors, the president or the chief executive officer. A special meeting of STAR’s stockholders may also be called by STAR’s secretary upon receipt of the written request of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter to be considered at such a meeting. Business transacted at a special meeting of STAR stockholders will be limited to the purposes stated in the meeting notice.	A special meeting of SAFE’s stockholders may be called by SAFE’s chairman of the board, chief executive officer, president or board of directors. A special meeting of SAFE’s stockholders may also be called by SAFE’s secretary upon receipt of the written request of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter to be considered at such a meeting. Business transacted at a special meeting of SAFE stockholders will be limited to the purposes stated in the meeting notice.	Same as STAR.
Advance Notice Provisions for Stockholder Nominations and Stockholder Business Proposals	The STAR bylaws provide that, with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of persons for election to the STAR board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders may be	The SAFE bylaws provide that, with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of persons for election to the SAFE board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders may be	Same as STAR.

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Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
made only:	made only:	​
• pursuant to STAR’s notice of meeting; • by or at the direction of the STAR board of directors; or • upon timely and proper notice by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice and entitled to vote at the meeting.	• pursuant to SAFE’s notice of meeting; • by or at the direction of the SAFE board of directors; or • upon timely and proper notice by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice and entitled to vote at the meeting.	​
In general, notice of stockholder nominations or business for an annual meeting must be delivered not earlier than 150 days nor later than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the proxy statement for the preceding year’s annual meeting, unless the annual meeting is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days from the first anniversary date of the preceding year’s annual meeting, in which case notice must be delivered not earlier than the 150th day nor later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of the 120th day prior to the annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the meeting is first made of the date of the meeting and the nominees proposed by the STAR board of directors.	In general, notice of stockholder nominations or business for an annual meeting must be delivered not earlier than 150 days nor later than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the proxy statement for the preceding year’s annual meeting, unless the annual meeting is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days from the first anniversary date of the preceding year’s annual meeting, in which case notice must be delivered not earlier than the 150th day nor later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of the 120th day prior to the annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the meeting is first made.	​
Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of STAR stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to	Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to	​

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​	Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
​	STAR’s notice of the meeting. Notice of stockholder nominations for a special meeting must be delivered not earlier than the 120th day prior to the special meeting, and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of the 90th day prior to the meeting or the 10th day following the day on which the public announcement is first made of the date of the meeting and the nominees proposed by the STAR board of directors.	SAFE’s notice of the meeting. Notice of stockholder nominations for a special meeting must be delivered not earlier than the 120th day prior to the special meeting, and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of the 90th day prior to the meeting or the 10th day following the day on which the public announcement is first made of the date of the meeting and the nominees proposed by the SAFE board of directors.	​
Notice of Stockholder Meetings	Not less than 10 days nor more than 90 days before each meeting of stockholders, the secretary shall deliver written notice of the time and place of the meeting and, if the meeting is a special meeting or notice of the purpose is required by statute, the purpose of the meeting, to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting and to each other stockholder entitled to notice of the meeting.	Not less than 10 days nor more than 90 days before each meeting of stockholders, the secretary shall give written notice of the time and place of such meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting and each stockholder not entitled to vote who is entitled to notice of the meeting. In the case of special meetings, such notice must also state the purpose for which the meeting is called.	Same as STAR.

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​	Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
State Anti-Takeover Statutes	Control Share Acquisitions.   The MGCL provides that “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved at a special meeting by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of stock in a corporation in respect of which any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power of shares of stock of the corporation in the election of directors: (i) a person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition; (ii) an officer of the corporation; or (iii) an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation. If voting rights are not approved, then the control shares are subject to redemption by the corporation.	Same. As permitted by the MGCL, the SAFE bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute shares of SAFE’s capital stock.	Same as STAR.
​	“Control shares” are outstanding shares of voting stock that, if aggregated with all other shares of stock previously acquired by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of	​	​

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Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
voting power: (i) one-tenth or more but less than one-third; (ii) one- third or more but less than a majority; or (iii) a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval.	​	​
As permitted by the MGCL, the STAR bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute shares of STAR’s capital stock.	​	​
Business Combinations. Under the MGCL, certain “business combinations” ​(which include a merger, consolidation, share exchange and certain transfers, issuances or reclassifications of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock, or an affiliate or associate of the corporation who beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s then outstanding stock at any time within the preceding two years, in each case referred to as an “interested stockholder,” or an affiliate thereof, are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an	Same. The SAFE board of directors has exempted, and the New SAFE board of directors will exempt, by resolution, business combinations between SAFE and any other person from the business combination provisions of the MGCL.	Same as STAR.

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Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
interested stockholder. Thereafter, any such business combination must be recommended by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (i) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation and (ii) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder or its affiliates or associates. The super-majority vote requirements do not apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by the board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder or if the business combination satisfies certain minimum price, form of consideration and procedural requirements. The STAR board of directors has by resolution exempted business combinations between STAR and any other person from the business combination provisions of the MGCL.	​	​
Subtitle 8.   Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent	Same. The SAFE charter prohibits the company from electing to be subject to any provision in Subtitle 8 unless the election is approved by the affirmative vote of a	Same as SAFE.

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Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of the following provisions:	majority of the votes cast on the matter by stockholders entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.	​
• a classified board; • a two-thirds stockholder vote requirement for removing a director; • a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the directors; • a requirement that any vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining directors in office; • a requirement that the directors elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies; and • a requirement for the request of the holders of at least a majority of all votes entitled to be cast to call a special meeting of stockholders.	​	​

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​	Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
​	STAR has opted out of making the elections described above and STAR may not opt back in to any portion of Subtitle 8 without the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes cast on the matter by stockholders entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.	​	​
Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors	The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and was material to the cause of action. The STAR charter contains such a provision which eliminates directors’ and officers’ liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.	Same. The SAFE charter contains such a provision which eliminates directors’ and officers’ liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.	Same as SAFE.

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Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which the STAR charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made or threatened to be made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that: • the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (i) was committed in bad faith or (ii) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; • the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or • in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act	Same. The SAFE bylaws obligate the company to provide any indemnification permitted by the laws of Maryland and to indemnify, and without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to: • any individual who is a present or former director or officer of SAFE and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; or • any individual who, while a director or officer of SAFE and at the request of the company, serves or has served as a director, officer, trustee, member, manager or partner of another corporation, real estate investment trust, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to, or witness in, the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity. • The SAFE bylaws provide that the rights to indemnification and advance of expenses	​

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Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
or omission was unlawful. However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify a director or officer for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or if the director or officer was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification, and then only for expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation’s receipt of a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation and a written undertaking by the director or on the director’s behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the director did not meet the standard of conduct.	provided above shall vest immediately upon election or appointment of a director or officer. SAFE may, with the approval of its board of directors, provide such indemnification and advance for expenses to a person who served as a predecessor of SAFE in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of SAFE or a predecessor of SAFE.	​

191

Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
The STAR bylaws obligate STAR to provide any indemnification permitted by the laws of Maryland and to indemnify, and without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to: • any individual who is a present or former director or officer of STAR and who is made or threatened to be made a party to, or witness in, the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; and any individual who, while a director or officer of STAR and at the request of STAR, serves or has served as a director, officer, trustee, member, manager or partner of another corporation, real estate investment trust, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to, or witness in, the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity.	​	Same as STAR.
The STAR bylaws provide that the rights to indemnification and advance of expenses provided above shall vest immediately upon election of a director or officer. STAR may, with the approval of its board	​	Same as STAR.

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​	Rights of STAR Stockholders	Rights of SAFE Stockholders	Rights of New SAFE Stockholders
​	of directors, provide such indemnification and advance for expenses to a person who served as a predecessor of STAR in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of STAR or a predecessor of STAR.	​	​
Dissenters’ Rights	The MGCL provides that a stockholder of a corporation is generally entitled to receive payment of the fair value of its stock if the stockholder dissents from transactions including a proposed merger, share exchange or a sale of substantially all of the assets of the corporation, subject to certain exceptions. However, rights of objecting stockholders generally are not available to holders of shares, such as shares of STAR common stock, that are listed on a national securities exchange.	Same. The SAFE charter provides that holders of shares of SAFE stock shall not be entitled to exercise any rights of an objecting stockholder provided for under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the MGCL or any successor statute unless the SAFE board of directors, upon such terms and conditions as may be specified by that board of directors, determines that such rights apply.	Same as SAFE.
REIT Qualification	The STAR charter provides that the STAR board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate STAR’s REIT election if it determines that it is no longer in STAR’s best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT.	The SAFE charter provides that the SAFE board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate the company’s REIT election if it determines that it is no longer in the company’s best interests to attempt to or continue to qualify as a REIT. The SAFE board of directors may also determine that compliance with any restriction or limitation on stock ownership and transfers (described above) is no longer required for REIT qualification.	Same as SAFE.

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THE PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT
AND RELATED AGREEMENTS

The following is a description of the material terms of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA. This summary is not complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable provisions of Delaware law and the Portfolio Holdings LLCA. This summary is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, which is attached as Annex K to this joint proxy statement/​prospectus and is incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

Purpose

The purpose of Portfolio Holdings is to conduct any business, enterprise or activity permitted by or under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (the “Act”). Portfolio Holdings may conduct the business of owning, constructing, reconstructing, developing, redeveloping, altering, improving, maintaining, operating, disposing, financing, leasing, transferring, encumbering, conveying and exchanging any of its assets or properties, including interests in real property, fee interests in real property, interests in Ground Leases, among others. Additionally, Portfolio Holdings may invest in any securities and/or loans relating to its property. Portfolio Holdings may enter into any partnership, joint venture, business trust arrangement, limited liability company or other similar arrangement to engage in any business permitted by or under the Act, or to own interests in any entity engaged in any business permitted by or under the Act. Portfolio Holdings may also provide property and asset management and brokerage services.

Additionally, it is specifically a purpose of Portfolio Holdings to be operated so as to qualify for taxation as a REIT following a REIT Conversion, and to own, directly or indirectly, one or more “taxable REIT subsidiaries” of SAFE or, following a REIT Conversion, of Portfolio Holdings. Portfolio Holdings’ business and arrangements and interests will be limited to and conducted in such a manner to permit SAFE and, following a REIT Conversion, Portfolio Holdings, to at all times qualify as a REIT unless SAFE or Portfolio Holdings, as applicable, determines to cease to qualify as a REIT or chosen not to attempt to qualify as a REIT, and to permit Portfolio Holdings to be able to effect a REIT Conversion.

Units

Interests in Portfolio Holdings are denominated in units of limited liability company interests. Currently there are two separate classes of limited liability company interests, “GL units” and “Caret units,” and additional units of equity interest may be authorized subject to certain limitations (collectively, the “Units”). Portfolio Holdings is authorized to issue 12,000,000 Caret units. Holders of Units are “Members” of Portfolio Holdings.

Managing Member

Under the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, the management of Portfolio Holdings is vested exclusively in SAFE, as managing member (in such capacity, the “Managing Member”). The Portfolio Holdings LLCA provides that the Managing Member has extensive authority to make all decisions affecting the management, business and affairs of Portfolio Holdings and to take all actions as it deems necessary to accomplish the business purposes of Portfolio Holdings, including the authority to cause Portfolio Holdings to elect to be treated as a REIT. Upon a REIT Conversion, Portfolio Holdings will be under the management of a board of directors (the “Board”), which will have the same management rights as the Managing Member and whose members will be designated by SAFE. In addition, upon a REIT Conversion, the Board and the officers of Portfolio Holdings will have full discretion to operate Portfolio Holdings so as to comply with any REIT rules.

The Portfolio Holdings LLCA also provides that the right to resolve any ambiguity with respect to the Portfolio Holdings LLCA is vested in the Managing Member. In addition, the Portfolio Holdings LLCA provides that the determination of certain matters by the Managing Member, will be final and conclusive and binding on Portfolio Holdings and each Member.

The Managing Member may delegate any or all of its powers to one or more committees. An advisory committee will be appointed by the Managing Member (the “Advisory Committee”). The Advisory

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Committee’s role will be to provide advice and make suggestions for the Managing Member to consider on matters relating to the potential marketing and business avenues of Caret Ventures. Following a transaction whereby the Caret units or securities into which Caret units may be exchanged become tradeable on the NYSE, NASDAQ or other nationally recognized public exchange or electronic quotation system (which may include a public offering by Portfolio Holdings, Caret Ventures or SAFE) (which we refer to as a “Liquidity Transaction”), the Managing Member may establish a committee composed entirely of one or more independent persons (the “Independent Director Committee”). In order to serve on the Independent Director Committee, a person appointed to such committee must meet the independence standards required to serve on an audit committee of a board of directors established by the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder or by any national securities exchange or automated trading system.

Capital Contributions

Generally, the Members will have no obligation or right to make any additional capital contributions or loans to Portfolio Holdings. However, SAFE will have the right to make, in its sole discretion, additional capital contributions to Portfolio Holdings.

Economics

The Portfolio Holdings LLCA provides for distributions of specified amounts to Caret unit holders. All other amounts which Portfolio Holdings determines to distribute are to be distributable to the GL unit holders or as directed by the Managing Member. All commercial Ground Lease Assets that are directly or indirectly owned by SAFE are required to be owned directly or indirectly by Portfolio Holdings, and Portfolio Holdings may designate any pre-development Ground Lease owned by SAFE, its subsidiaries or non-controlled joint venture as a Ground Lease when such Ground Lease ceases to be a pre-development Ground Lease upon terms and conditions approved by the Managing Member.

For purposes of this section:

•

“Accrued Unpaid Rent Amount” means, with respect to any Company GL Asset, the aggregate amount of accrued unpaid rent due under the applicable Ground Lease as of the date of the disposition of such Company GL Asset determined without regard to any termination of such Ground Lease or acceleration of the rent thereunder;

•

“Caret Financing” means any debt financing (a) in which the Portfolio Holdings and/or its subsidiaries are, together, the sole borrowers and (b) that is serviced solely by cash proceeds that would be distributable to Caret unit holders in accordance with the terms of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA but for such debt financing, but excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any debt financing that is supported, in whole or in part, by any other cash proceeds including any cash proceeds that would be distributable to the GL units or available to service other debt or liabilities of Portfolio Holdings and its subsidiaries (such as secured or unsecured ordinary course corporate facilities or asset based facilities).

•

“Caret Operating Expenses” means any net out-of-pocket operating expenses of Portfolio Holdings that are (i) attributable to the administration, management, transfer, redemption or issuance of any Caret units or company or governance matters with respect thereto (including the expenses of external advisors) (subject to first applying the proceeds of such issuance against expenses relating to such issuance), (ii) in connection with a Liquidity Transaction of Portfolio Holdings, (iii) following a Liquidity Transaction, in connection with the status of Portfolio Holdings or a successor entity as a public registrant (including board of director expenses, customary director and officer insurance and related coverages, cost of outside auditors and attorneys, transfer agent fees, listing fees and franchise taxes), (iv) indemnity payments made by Portfolio Holdings or any of its subsidiaries that are primarily related to the Caret units (including in connection with any issuance thereof) or the holders thereof, (v) expenses incurred in connection with any Caret Financing and (vi) reasonable reserves for other Caret Operating Expenses, in each case as determined by the Managing Member. For the avoidance of doubt, Caret Operating Expenses shall not include overhead allocation or charge through of employees or other platform expense (including financing costs and expenses (including those incurred in connection with the issuance or distribution of any preferred units, or in connection

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with the REIT Conversion or maintaining qualification as a REIT thereafter), other than those incurred in connection with any Caret Financing).

•

“Company GL Asset” means any Ground Lease Asset owned or, if the context requires, previously owned directly or indirectly by Portfolio Holdings or its subsidiaries (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Ground Lease Asset owned directly or indirectly by any joint venture of which Portfolio Holdings or any of its subsidiaries owns equity securities, but which joint venture is either not controlled by Portfolio Holdings or any of its subsidiaries or Portfolio Holdings or its subsidiaries do not have the right to cause a disposition or other revenue generation of such joint venture’s properties without the consent or approval of a third party);

•

“Crossed GL Asset” means any Company GL Asset which has been disposed following an Involuntary Ground Lease Termination Event of the applicable Ground Lease whose Invested Amount is greater than zero dollars ($0.00) after giving effect to the application of its net sale proceeds to such Invested Amount in accordance with the Portfolio Holdings LLCA; such amount remaining that is greater than zero dollars ($0.00) being the “Remaining Crossed Amount”;

•

“GL Material Change” means with respect to a Company GL Asset (i) a lease extension with respect to such Company GL Asset or (ii) another voluntary act done (or consented to) directly or indirectly by Portfolio Holdings with respect to such Company GL Asset with the applicable lessee or at its request, or with a third party, which Portfolio Holdings was not previously obligated to do (or consent to) that materially reduces the value, or extends the timing for the realization, of the amounts which Caret unit holders are entitled to receive under the Portfolio Holdings LLCA with respect to such Company GL Asset (as determined by the Managing Member in its sole discretion) including the granting to a lessee of a fixed price purchase option at the end or the term of its Ground Lease. For the avoidance of doubt, no determination by Portfolio Holdings to obtain debt or equity financing or to secure such financing directly or indirectly with Company GL Assets shall constitute a GL Material Change;

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“Invested Amount” means, at any time, with respect to any Company GL Asset, the excess of (i) the sum of the following (without duplication): (a) the value of cash or other consideration (for the avoidance of doubt, other than any primary issuance of Caret units or securities convertible into Caret units issuable in a primary issuance) paid or otherwise remitted (directly or indirectly) by Portfolio Holdings or on its behalf (including by a qualified intermediary in connection with a like kind exchange under Section 1031 of the Code) in connection with the acquisition or development of such Company GL Asset either on or prior to the date on which such Company GL Asset first becomes a Company GL Asset (the “Origination Date”) for such Company GL Asset or pursuant to the Ground Lease as originally in effect; plus (b) any unreimbursed third party out of pocket costs pertaining to such acquisition or development; plus (c) all out of pocket expenditures for items which are capitalized under GAAP borne (without reimbursement) (directly or indirectly) by Portfolio Holdings pursuant to the terms of the applicable Ground Lease as originally in effect (including any such costs or expense which Portfolio Holdings is to bear (directly or indirectly) pursuant to the terms of any agreement or other arrangement binding on Portfolio Holdings or the applicable Company GL Asset as in effect as of the applicable Origination Date for which Portfolio Holdings is not entitled to reimbursement (directly or indirectly) from the lessee under the applicable Ground Lease as originally in effect); plus (d) with respect to any Company GL Asset, the sum, without duplications, of (1) the amount of all real estate taxes and insurance premiums or other property related expenses borne directly or indirectly by Portfolio Holdings (without reimbursement) following a default by the applicable Lessee under its Ground Lease or the expiration or earlier termination of the applicable Ground Lease; plus (2) the amount of all third-party out of pocket costs borne (without reimbursement) directly or indirectly by Portfolio Holdings in connection with (x) enforcing the Ground Lease pertaining to such Company GL Asset and/or in exercising any self-help (or similar) right under such Ground Lease (including completing any construction which the lessee was to have completed) and/or (y) making the applicable Company GL Asset safe or secure, preparing the same for disposition or lease (including incurring expenditures to optimize the Company GL Asset for a potential disposition or lease) or maintaining the Company GL Asset; plus (e) other out of pocket expenditures by Portfolio Holdings similar to (a)  — (d) above that (1) are specific to such Company GL Asset (2) are not considered to be, or are expressly excluded from being a Caret Operating

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Expense and (3) the Managing Member in good faith determines should reasonably be included in the Invested Amount thereof (which, for the avoidance of doubt, may not include any amounts expended to obtain upsized rents); over (ii) the aggregate amount previously applied to such Invested Amount pursuant to the terms of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA;

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“Materially Changed GL Asset” means a Company GL Asset with respect to which a GL Material Change has occurred.

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“Origination Economics” means with respect to each Materially Changed GL Asset and its Ground Lease, without duplication, the Origination Rent under such Ground Lease first coming due after such Materially Changed GL Asset became a Materially Changed GL Asset, plus such Materially Changed GL Asset’s Invested Amount, minus amounts applied to the reduction of such Origination Economics pursuant to the terms of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA;

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“Origination Rent” means with respect to each Materially Changed GL Asset and its Ground Lease, the operating revenues payable directly or indirectly to Portfolio Holdings under such Ground Lease other than any net operating income paid or payable to Portfolio Holdings (directly or indirectly) in connection with a GL Material Change of a Company GL Asset including any upsize rent (net of actual applicable operating expenses). Origination Rent dependent on the level of future inflation shall be determined by the Managing Member based on consistently applied inflation assumptions until the actual inflation level is known; provided that inflation for these purposes shall be 2% unless the Managing Member determines otherwise. Otherwise, if the Ground Lease provides for a payment of an additional component of Origination Rent upon the occurrence of an event or circumstance (other than the mere passage of time), such component shall be excluded from Origination Rent but only until the event or circumstances occurs. By way of example only, if a Ground Lease provides for the fixed rent component to increase based on the fair market value of the asset in the future or future operating revenues of the lessee, then until the amount of increase is determined, such increase shall be excluded from Origination Rent. However, if the Ground Lease provides for an automatic increase in rent in the future, such increase shall be included in Origination Rent; and

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“Recoverable Amount” means, at any time, the excess of (i) the aggregate sum of all Remaining Crossed Amounts, over (ii) the aggregate amount previously applied to the Recoverable Amount pursuant to the terms of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA.

Disposition of Ground Lease Assets

(i) Any amount or value received (or deemed received) directly or indirectly by Portfolio Holdings from the disposition of a Company GL Asset (including any amounts paid on account of accrued unpaid rent due under the applicable Ground Lease) net of the out-pocket costs and expenses borne directly or indirectly by Portfolio Holdings in the transaction resulting in the applicable proceeds (specifically excluding any amounts paid or incurred in connection with discharging any financing or any lien securing the same but specifically including brokerage fees, attorneys’ fees and transfer taxes), (ii) net casualty or other property insurance proceeds attributable to a Company GL Asset (other than rent or business interruption insurance) which are not applied to the restoration of the applicable Company GL Asset and (iii) net operating income received by Portfolio Holdings in respect of a Company GL Asset following any expiration of a Ground Lease at the end of its term or termination thereof by agreement of the applicable lessor and lessee (a “Voluntary Ground Lease Termination Event”) or any termination of the Ground Lease other than a Voluntary Ground Lease Termination Event (an “Involuntary Ground Lease Termination Event”) but prior to the disposition thereof, in each case shall be allocable:

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first, to reduce the Invested Amount of such Company GL Asset until it is reduced to zero dollars ($0.00),

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second, to reduce the Accrued Unpaid Rent Amount of such Company GL Asset until it is reduced to zero dollars ($0.00),

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third, to reduce the Recoverable Amount until it is reduced to zero dollars ($0.00),

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fourth, to reduce the amount of the excess of (i) the aggregate sum of all Caret Operating Expenses, over (ii) the aggregate amount previously applied to Caret Operating Expenses (which we refer to as the “Caret Operating Expenses Amount”) until it is reduced to zero dollars ($0.00), and thereafter

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an amount equal to the balance shall be distributable pro rata to the holders of the Caret units.

Distributions to the holders of Caret units pursuant to this provisions of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA will not be reduced by debt of Portfolio Holdings.

Portfolio Holdings is required to seek to dispose of a Company GL Asset promptly after the underlying Ground Lease is subject to either an Involuntary Ground Lease Termination Event or a Voluntary Ground Lease Termination Event or any Materially Changed GL Asset, promptly after the Origination Economics of the Materially Changed GL Asset is reduced to zero dollars ($0.00). Any such disposition must be made to either (i) an unaffiliated third-party or (ii) via a marketed process on an arms-length term. In the case of a sale to an affiliate of SAFE following a Liquidity Transaction, the sale must be agreed to by a majority of the members of the Independent Directors Committee. Portfolio Holdings will not be required to dispose of a Company GL Asset on terms or conditions that (i) are contrary to, would violate or result in a default under the terms of any outstanding debt of Portfolio Holdings or its subsidiaries, (ii) could in the Managing Member’s good faith determination reasonably be expected to adversely affect the qualification of SAFE or, following a REIT Conversion, Portfolio Holdings as a REIT or result in either such entity being subject to additional taxes under Section 857 of the Code or Section 4981 of the Code or any other related successor provision of the Code, (iii) are contrary to the contractual terms of a Ground Lease, (iv) are contrary to other material contractual obligations of SAFE or its affiliates (including Portfolio Holdings or its subsidiaries), or (v) are contrary to the best interests of SAFE or Portfolio Holdings. In addition, though Portfolio Holdings is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to dispose of real property in which it does not have a controlling interest, Portfolio Holdings will not be obligated to dispose of such real property.

Material Change of Company Ground Lease Assets

All amounts equal to net operating income (other than net operating income resulting from upsized rent that does not pertain to a GL Material Change) received by Portfolio Holdings in respect of a Materially Changed GL Asset, shall be allocable:

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first, to reduce the Origination Economics of such Materially Changed GL Asset until it is reduced to zero dollars ($0.00) (with an amount equal to any net operating income paid or payable to Portfolio Holdings in connection with a GL Material Change of such Company GL Asset including any upsized rent first being applied to reduce the Invested Amount of such Materially Changed GL Asset until it is reduced to zero dollars ($0.00), and then being applied to the balance of the Origination Economics of such Materially Changed GL Asset),

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second, to reduce the Recoverable Amount until it is reduced to zero dollars ($0.00), and thereafter,

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third, to reduce the Caret Operating Expenses Amount until it is reduced to zero dollars ($0.00), and thereafter,

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the balance shall be distributable pro rata to the holders of the Caret units.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Caret unit holders shall not be entitled to any increase or acceleration of amounts by reason of any upsize rent that does not pertain to a GL Material Change. Distributions to the holders of Caret units pursuant to this provision of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA will not be reduced by debt of Portfolio Holdings.

All Other Cash Proceeds

All other amounts received by Portfolio Holdings may be distributed to SAFE as holder of the GL units or as directed by the Managing Member.

Timing for Distributions

Distributions on account of net disposition proceeds to Caret unit holders will be made within 180 days from the receipt of such net proceeds. However, the timing for distributions may be tolled (a) in

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order (i) to comply with the terms of any Unit designations, (ii) to comply with the terms of debt or other material contractual obligations of SAFE, Portfolio Holdings, their respective subsidiaries and any person in which they own equity securities or (ii) tolling for up to two years in order for SAFE, Portfolio Holdings, and their respective subsidiaries to take action to prevent or mitigate any matter that the Managing Member in good faith determines is reasonably likely to result in a material detriment to SAFE (together with its subsidiaries, taken as a whole) or Portfolio Holdings and (b) due to concerns regarding SAFE’s or Portfolio Holdings’ ability to qualify as a REIT and to prevent the incurrence of income and excise taxes.

Rights of Members

Outside Activities of Members

Under the terms of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, the Managing Member, Members, their affiliates and representatives are generally able to engage in business activities in addition to those relating to Portfolio Holdings, including activities that are in direct or indirect competition with Portfolio Holdings or that are enhanced by the activities of Portfolio Holdings. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Portfolio Holdings LLCA does not give either Portfolio Holdings or any Member a right to any business ventures or opportunities of any other Member, the assignee of any Member or the Managing Member. In addition, Members are generally not obligated to offer any interest in any business venture or opportunity to Portfolio Holdings, even if such opportunity is of a character that could be taken by Portfolio Holdings or another Member. Notwithstanding the foregoing, subject to certain exceptions, all commercial Ground Leases and real property, including any improvements built thereon, that are directly or indirectly owned by SAFE must be owned through Portfolio Holdings.

Member Meetings

A quorum will exist for a meeting of the Members so long as any number of Members are present (either in person or by proxy) who together hold at least a majority of the voting power of (i) all holders (other than SAFE or any person that is employed by SAFE or its subsidiaries) or (ii) the class of Units for which a meeting has been called. The Portfolio Holdings LLCA provides that each Member will be entitled to vote its Units in accordance with their own interests and without regard to the interests of the other Members. Members are entitled to vote the number of votes provided for in the Portfolio Holdings LLCA for each Unit registered in the name of the Member in the books of Portfolio Holdings on the respective record date. Meetings of the Members will be held at the time and place determined by the Managing Member (including remotely), and the Managing Member may adjust the time or cancel any meeting once called.

Transfer of Membership Units; Drag-Along; Right of First Offer

Transfer of Membership Units

Generally, in order for a Member other than SAFE to transfer all or any portion of, or any interest or right in, their Caret units the following conditions must be met:

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until the earlier of (i) a Liquidity Transaction and (ii) the second anniversary of the date of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA (which period will be extended if at the expiration of such period Portfolio Holdings is actively pursuing a Liquidity Transaction through the date of the consummation or failure of such Liquidity Transaction, not to exceed six (6) months), no person may transfer any Caret unit (other than any Caret unit held directly or indirectly by SAFE or its controlled affiliates) without the consent of SAFE other than by means of (i) a transfer by a Member to certain affiliates, (ii) pursuant to a drag-along transaction or Liquidity Transaction, or (iii) direct or indirect transfers of shares of stock publicly traded on a nationally recognized stock exchange (each, a “Permitted Transfer”);

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such transfer is made only to an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Regulation D under the Securities Act;

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the transferee in such transfer assumes by express agreement all of the obligations of the transferring Member under the Portfolio Holdings LLCA with respect to the transferred Units;

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the transfer will not violate, or require registration of any Units under any federal or state securities laws including the Securities Act;

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the transfer will not result in Portfolio Holdings being required to register as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;

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the transfer will not cause any person, other than SAFE, Caret Management Holdings LLC (“Caret Management”), STAR and any entity in which SAFE, Caret Management or STAR owns a direct or indirect interest, to own, directly or indirectly, more than 9.8% of the total Units in Portfolio Holdings, except as otherwise provided in the Portfolio Holdings LLCA or as authorized by the Managing Member;

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prior to the date that either (i) the relevant class of Units qualifies as a class of “publicly-offered securities” ​(within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations); or (ii) Portfolio Holdings qualifies for another exception to the Plan Asset Regulations (other than the exception found in Section 2510.3-101(a)(2)(ii) of the Plan Asset Regulations), the transfer does not result in ownership of any “class” of Units as defined by ERISA by (x) plans described in or subject to the Plan Asset Regulations, (y) persons acting on behalf of a plan described in or subject to the Plan Asset Regulations, and (z) persons using the assets of a plan described in or subject to the Plan Asset Regulations in excess of, in the aggregate, 24.8% of the value of any “class” of Units as calculated in accordance with the Plan Asset Regulations; and

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the transferring Member or the transferee will be responsible for paying all expenses incurred by Portfolio Holdings in connection with the transfer.

Drag-Along Rights

The Portfolio Holdings LLCA contains a drag-along provision for the benefit of SAFE. The drag-along provision provides that prior to a Liquidity Transaction, if a transaction or series of transactions on arms-length terms and not with an affiliate of SAFE that result in (i) a person or group in the aggregate directly or indirectly acquires a majority of the outstanding equity securities of SAFE, (ii) the transfer of at least a majority of the consolidated assets of SAFE and its subsidiaries to a person or group, or (iii) the transfer directly or indirectly of at least a majority of the consolidated assets of our Ground Lease Business to a person or group, SAFE will have a drag-along right, allowing SAFE to acquire all, but not less than all, of the Units held by other Members. The drag-along right will be subject to customary minority protections. Members will be forced to sell their Units in that transaction regardless of whether they believe the transaction is the best or highest value for their Units, and regardless of whether they believe the transaction is in their best interests. Members will receive their pro rata allocation of proceeds received from a drag-along transaction. The Portfolio Holdings LLCA provides that each Member agrees to appoint as its proxy and grants a power of attorney to SAFE and Portfolio Holdings with respect to matters relating to a drag-along transaction.

SAFE Right of First Offer

Prior to a Liquidity Transaction, the Portfolio Holdings LLCA contains a right of first offer for the benefit of SAFE prior to the making of a direct or indirect transfer (excluding through a Permitted Transfer) by a Member of their Caret units to a third-party (other than (i) those held, directly or indirectly, by SAFE or its controlled affiliates or (ii) transfers of shares of stock publicly traded on a nationally recognized stock exchange). The selling Member will be required to deliver a notice to SAFE setting forth the quantity of Units the selling Member would like to transfer. SAFE may elect to deliver an offer setting forth an offer price and other terms and conditions to the Member within fifteen (15) business days and the selling Member will have the right to accept SAFE’s offer within fifteen (15) business days after the delivery of SAFE’s notice to the Member. If SAFE fails to deliver an offer within the allotted period, SAFE rejects participation in an offer, or the selling Member fails to accept SAFE’s offer, the selling Member will be free to transfer all of the initially offered Units to a different buyer within one hundred twenty (120) days following the earlier of (i) fifteen (15) business days after delivery of an offer notice by the selling Member and (ii) delivery by SAFE of rejection of an offer, provided that if SAFE makes an offer, the transfer may only be effected if it is on terms more favorable to the selling Member in the aggregate than the terms set forth in the notice delivered by SAFE, including at a purchase price greater than that offered by SAFE.

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Restructuring

The Managing Member has the authority, without the vote or consent of the Members, to incorporate Portfolio Holdings, or any of its subsidiaries, or to engage in certain restructuring transactions which will require the Members to exchange their Units for securities of the surviving entity upon a restructuring.

Use of Proceeds

The net proceeds from any issuance of Caret units by Portfolio Holdings must be used by Portfolio Holdings or its subsidiaries only for general Ground Lease business corporate purposes, which may include Caret Operating Expenses. All net proceeds from any Caret Financing must be used solely to pay for Caret Operating Expenses and any remaining proceeds will be distributed to the holders of Caret units.

Amendments to the Portfolio Holdings LLCA

In general, the Managing Member may amend the Portfolio Holdings LLCA without the approval of any Member, provided that all amendments to the Portfolio Holdings LLCA affect all Caret units equally. Other than (a) amending the Portfolio Holdings LLCA as requested by the Managing Member in connection with a restructuring or Liquidity Transaction, which Members are required to facilitate in good faith, and (b) amending the Portfolio Holdings LLCA in connection with a REIT Conversion, which the Managing Member can do without consent of the Members, any material amendment adverse to the interest of Caret unit holders with respect to (i) capital contributions, (ii) the designation and number of Units, (iii) economics, (iv) restrictions on the Managing Member’s authority, (v) certain decisions with respect to Ground Leases and the fee or other interest in real property subject to a Ground Lease, (vi) SAFE’s commitment that, subject to certain exceptions, all commercial Ground Leases and real property, including any improvements built thereon, that are directly or indirectly owned by SAFE must be owned through Portfolio Holdings, (vii) the use of proceeds from the issuance of Caret units by Portfolio Holdings or Caret Financings, (viii) drag-along rights or (ix) amendments to the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, as well as any definitions related to such matters, will required the consent of (1) prior to a Liquidity Transaction, Caret unit holders (other than SAFE or any person that is employed by SAFE or its subsidiaries) (“Outside Unitholders”) holding a majority of Caret units held by Outside Unitholders and (2) following a Liquidity Transaction, the majority of the members of the Independent Directors Committee and, for certain amendments, Outside Unitholders holding a majority of Caret units held by Outside Unitholders.

Indemnification and Liabilities of Covered Persons

Each of (i) the Managing Member, members of the Advisory Committee, members of the Independent Directors Committee, any officer, authorized agent, employee or representative of Portfolio Holdings or any subsidiary, or controlling person of Portfolio Holdings or a subsidiary thereof (including by reason of being named a person who is about to become an officer, member of the Advisory Committee, member of the Independent Directors Committee, authorized agent, employee or representative of Portfolio Holdings or any subsidiary); (ii) any of SAFE, its subsidiaries and any other person in which any of SAFE or its subsidiaries holds any equity securities; (iii) the “partnership representative” designated pursuant to Section 6223 of the Code; (iv) any “designated individual” appointed pursuant to Regulations Section 301.6223-1(b); and (v) such other persons as the Managing Member may designate from time to time (whether before or after the event giving rise to potential liability) (each, a “Covered Person”) will be indemnified by Portfolio Holdings against any losses, claims, damages, judgments, fines or liabilities paid in investigating, defending or settlement of any claim sustained (“Losses”) by it in connection with (a) the Covered Person’s activities for Portfolio Holdings, any Member or any subsidiary of Portfolio Holdings or a Member in connection with the business of Portfolio Holdings, or in connection with the business of Portfolio Holdings. Portfolio Holdings’ indemnification obligations will extend to liability incurred in connection with a loan guaranty for any indebtedness of Portfolio Holdings or its subsidiaries. Portfolio Holdings’ indemnification obligations will not apply in the case of (i) acts or omissions of the Covered Persons that are material to the matter giving rise to the proceedings and that either were committed in bad faith, or for fraud or willful misconduct or (ii) in the case of a criminal proceeding where the Covered Person had a reasonable cause to believe their actions or omissions were unlawful. Reasonable expenses will

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be payable in advance. Additionally, Portfolio Holdings may purchase insurance against any liability that may be asserted against or expenses that be incurred by a Covered Person in connection with Portfolio Holdings’ activities.

Members and Covered Persons are entitled to consider only such interests and factors as such Covered Person desires, including their own interests, when making a decisions, and have no duty or obligation to give any consideration to the interests of Portfolio Holdings or any other person, unless expressly required to do so by the provisions of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA or any other contract. Members and Covered Persons will not be liable for Losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits derived by Portfolio Holdings, its subsidiaries, any Member or person bound by the Portfolio Holdings LLCA in connection with such decisions, if the Members’ or Covered Person’s conduct (i) did not constitute bad faith or willful misconduct, and (ii), in the case of the Managing Member, complied with its standard of conduct set forth in the Portfolio Holdings LLCA. Additionally, to the extent that a Covered Person has any duties, including fiduciary duties, and liabilities related to such duties to Portfolio Holdings or any other Member under applicable law, such Covered Persons will not be liable to Portfolio Holdings or any other Member when they act in good faith reliance on the provisions of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA. Members and their representatives are not subject to any fiduciary duties.

Dissolution, Liquidation and Termination of Portfolio Holdings

Dissolution

Portfolio Holdings will be dissolved, and its affairs be would up, upon the first to occur of: (i) an election to dissolve Portfolio Holdings made by the Managing Member if it has determined to no longer engage in the Ground Lease business; (ii) at any time there are no members of Portfolio Holdings unless Portfolio Holdings is continued without dissolution in accordance with the Act; or (iii) entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of Portfolio Holdings pursuant to the provisions of the Act (each, a “Liquidating Event”).

Winding Up

Upon the occurrence of a Liquidating Event, the Managing Member or any person elected by the Members holding the majority of the GL units (the “Liquidator”), will be responsible for overseeing the winding up of Portfolio Holdings and will take full account of Portfolio Holdings’ liabilities and property. The Liquidator shall be responsible for liquidating Portfolio Holdings’ property, and the proceeds of such liquidation will be distributed as follows:

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first, to creditors of Portfolio Holdings, other than the Members and their assignees who are creditors, to the extent otherwise permitted by law, in satisfaction of the debts and liabilities of Portfolio Holdings (whether by payment or the making of reasonable provision for payment thereof),

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second, to the satisfaction of all of Portfolio Holdings’ debts and liabilities to the Members and any assignees (whether by payment or the making of reasonable provision for payment thereof), and

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the balance, if any, will be distributed to the Members and any assignee in accordance with their capital account balances, after giving effect to all contributions, distributions and allocations for all periods. Under the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, prior to the distribution of the proceeds from a liquidation of Portfolio Holdings, the positive capital account balance of each Member is meant to equal the amount that such Member is entitled to receive pursuant to the Portfolio Holdings LLCA.

If the Liquidator determines that an immediate sale of part or all of Portfolio Holdings’ assets would be impractical or would cause undue loss to the Members, the Liquidator may, in its sole and absolute discretion, defer for a reasonable time the liquidation of any assets except those necessary to satisfy Portfolio Holdings’ liabilities (including liabilities to Members as creditors) and/or distribute to the Members, in lieu of cash, as tenants in common and in accordance with the terms of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, undivided interests in such assets as the Liquidator deems not suitable for liquidation.

Notwithstanding the order of distributions listed above the Liquidator may determine that a pro rata portion of the distributions that would have otherwise been made to the Members may be:

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•

distributed to a trust established for the benefit of the Members for the purpose of liquidating Portfolio Holdings’ assets, collecting amounts owed to Portfolio Holdings, and paying any contingent or unforeseen liabilities or obligations of Portfolio Holdings arising out of or in connection with Portfolio Holdings and/or Care Holdings’ activities, or

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withheld or escrowed to provide a reasonable reserve for Portfolio Holdings’ liabilities (contingent, conditional, unmatured or otherwise) and to reflect the unrealized portion of any installment obligations owed to Portfolio Holdings.

Governing law; Consent to New York Jurisdiction

The Portfolio Holdings LLCA and the rights of the Members under the Portfolio Holdings LLCA are governed by the laws of the State of Delaware. Each Member consents to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware, or to the extent the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware lacks jurisdiction, of any other state or federal court sitting in the State of Delaware.

REIT Conversion

As discussed above, the Managing Member is permitted to cause Portfolio Holdings to elect to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes (the “REIT Conversion”). Once the REIT Conversion has occurred, the Board and officers of Portfolio Holdings will have the full discretion to operate the business and activities of Portfolio Holdings so as to comply with the REIT rules. The terms of Portfolio Holdings LLCA are to be construed so as to preserve Portfolio Holdings’ ability to effect the REIT Conversion and, following such REIT Conversion, to qualify as a REIT. Under the terms of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA the Managing Member is permitted, without the consent of any Member, to amend and restate the Portfolio Holdings LLCA as contemplated by the Portfolio Holdings LLCA to effectuate the REIT Conversion (the “REIT LLCA”). Following the REIT Conversion, certain material terms of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA will be amended to effectuate the REIT Conversion. The REIT LLCA will include certain changes to (i) conform with REIT qualification requirements, (ii) provide for management by the Board, (iii) include certain ownership limitations customary for REITs, (iv) eliminate certain transfer restrictions and (v) authorize the issuance of a separate class of preferred units for purposes of qualifying as a REIT, among others.

Related Agreements

In connection with the adoption of the Portfolio Holdings LLCA, SAFE expects to enter into additional agreements with Caret unitholders and MSD Partners providing for, among other matters, (i) additional minority investor protections, (ii) transfer restrictions and permitted transfers following the REIT Conversion, and (iii) that, subject to any exceptions necessary for Portfolio Holdings to qualify as a REIT, SAFE (and its successors) shall be required to maintain beneficial ownership, directly or indirectly, of at least 51% of the outstanding Caret units.

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the shares of New SAFE common stock offered by this joint proxy statement/​prospectus will be passed on by Clifford Chance US LLP. Certain U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the merger will also be passed upon for STAR by Clifford Chance US LLP and for SAFE by Kirkland & Ellis LLP.

EXPERTS

The financial statements of iStar Inc. as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, incorporated by reference in this joint proxy statement/prospectus by reference to iStar Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the effectiveness of iStar Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports. Such financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon the reports of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The financial statements of Safehold Inc. as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, incorporated by reference in this joint proxy statement/​prospectus by reference to Safehold Inc.’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the effectiveness of Safehold Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports. Such financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon the reports of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

FUTURE STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS

STAR

STAR held its 2022 annual meeting of stockholders on May 12, 2022. In accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act, stockholder proposals intended to be included in STAR’s proxy materials and presented at the 2023 annual meeting must be sent in writing, by certified mail, return receipt requested, to STAR at its principal office, addressed to its Secretary, and must be received by STAR no later than December 1, 2022.

If you wish to submit a shareholder proposal to be considered at STAR’s 2023 annual meeting but not included in STAR’s proxy materials, the proposal must contain the information required by the STAR bylaws. Such proposals must be submitted between November 1, 2022, and December 1, 2022. However, if the date of the 2023 annual meeting is advanced more than 30 days prior to, or delayed more than 30 days after, May 12, 2023, such proposals must be delivered between the 150th day prior to the date of the 2023 annual meeting and the later of  (i) the 120th day prior to the date of the 2023 annual meeting or (ii) the tenth day following the date on which public announcement of the date of the 2023 annual meeting of shareholders is first made.

SAFE

SAFE held its 2022 annual meeting of stockholders on May 16, 2022. If the merger is completed in the expected time frame, there will be no annual meeting of SAFE stockholders in 2023. If the merger is not completed in the expected time frame, SAFE will hold an annual meeting of stockholders in 2023. In accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act, stockholder proposals intended to be included in SAFE’s proxy materials and presented at the annual meeting to be held in 2023 must be sent in writing, by certified mail, return receipt requested, to SAFE at its principal office, addressed to its corporate secretary, and must be received by SAFE no later than December 5, 2022. In order for a shareholder proposal submitted outside of Rule 14a-8 to be considered at SAFE’s 2023 annual meeting, the proposal must contain the information required by the SAFE bylaws and be received by SAFE in accordance with its bylaws. Pursuant to SAFE’s current bylaws, shareholder proposals made outside of Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act must be submitted not later than December 5, 2022 and not earlier than November 5, 2022; provided, however, in the event that the date of the 2023 annual meeting is advanced more than 30 days prior to or

204

delayed more than 30 days after May 16, 2023, in order for a proposal by a shareholder to be timely, such proposal must be delivered not earlier than the 150th day prior to the date of the 2023 annual meeting and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the later of (1) the 120th day prior to the date of the 2023 annual meeting or (2) the 10th day following the date on which public announcement of the date of the 2023 annual meeting of shareholders is first made.

OTHER MATTERS

As of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, neither the STAR board of directors nor the SAFE board of directors knows of any matters that will be presented for consideration at either the STAR special meeting or the SAFE special meeting other than as described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. In accordance with the STAR bylaws, the SAFE bylaws and Maryland law, business transacted at the STAR special meeting and the SAFE special meeting will be limited to those matters set forth in the respective accompanying notices of the special meetings. Nonetheless, if any other matter is properly presented at the STAR special meeting or the SAFE special meeting, or any adjournments or postponements of the special meetings, and are voted upon, including matters incident to the conduct of the meeting, the enclosed proxy card will confer discretionary authority on the individuals named therein as proxies to vote the shares represented thereby as to any such other matters. It is intended that the persons named in the enclosed proxy card and acting thereunder will vote in accordance with their discretion on any such matter.

HOUSEHOLDING OF PROXY MATERIALS

The SEC has adopted rules that permit companies and intermediaries such as brokers to satisfy delivery requirements for proxy statements and annual reports with respect to two or more stockholders sharing the same address by delivering a single proxy statement or annual report, as applicable, addressed to those stockholders. This process, which is commonly referred to as “householding,” potentially provides extra convenience for stockholders and cost savings for companies.

STAR has elected to implement the SEC’s householding rules. Accordingly, only one copy of this joint proxy statement/prospectus is being delivered to STAR stockholders residing at the same address, unless such stockholders have notified STAR of their desire to receive multiple copies of the joint proxy statement/​prospectus. If you are a STAR stockholder and, at any time, you no longer wish to participate in householding and would prefer to receive a separate joint proxy statement/prospectus, or if you are receiving multiple copies of this joint proxy statement/prospectus and wish to receive only one, please call Innisfree M&A Incorporated, the proxy solicitor for STAR, toll-free at (877) 825-8777. If you are a STAR stockholder and hold shares in street name, you may request a separate copy by calling (212) 930-9400 or sending a written request addressed to iStar Inc., Attn: Investor Relations, 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor, New York, NY 10036. For future annual or special meetings, STAR stockholders may request separate voting materials, or request that STAR send only one set of proxy materials by contacting STAR at the above phone number or address.

SAFE has not instituted householding for stockholders of record. However, certain brokerage firms may have instituted householding for beneficial owners of shares of SAFE common stock held through brokerage firms. If your household has multiple accounts holding shares of SAFE common stock, you may have already received householding notification from your broker. Please contact your broker directly if you have any questions or require additional copies of this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The broker will arrange for delivery of a separate copy of this joint proxy statement/prospectus promptly upon your request. SAFE stockholders may decide at any time to revoke a decision to household, and thereby receive multiple copies.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

STAR and SAFE file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC under the Exchange Act. The SEC maintains an internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including SAFE and STAR, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that site is www.sec.gov.

205

Investors may also consult the website of STAR or SAFE for more information concerning the merger. The website of STAR is www.istar.com. The website of SAFE is www.safeholdinc.com. Information included on these websites is not incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

STAR has filed with the SEC a registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part. The registration statement registers the shares of New SAFE common stock to be issued to SAFE stockholders in connection with the merger. The registration statement, including the attached exhibits and schedules, contains additional relevant information about New SAFE common stock. The rules and regulations of the SEC allow STAR and SAFE to omit certain information included in the registration statement from this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

In addition, the SEC allows STAR and SAFE to disclose important information to you by referring you to other documents filed separately with the SEC. This information is considered to be a part of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, except for any information that is superseded by information included directly in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.

This joint proxy statement/prospectus incorporates by reference the documents listed below that STAR has previously filed with the SEC; provided, however, that we are not incorporating by reference, in each case, any documents, portions of documents or information deemed to have been furnished and not filed in accordance with SEC rules. The following documents may contain important information about STAR, its financial condition or other matters:

•

Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022, as amended by the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on August 22, 2022.

•

Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2022, June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on May 4, 2022, August 4, 2022 and November 4, 2022, respectively.

•

The portions of STAR’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on May 2, 2022 and incorporated by reference in STAR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

•

Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 2, 2022, February 7, 2022, March 28, 2022, April 14, 2022, May 13, 2022, July 21, 2022, August 11, 2022, August 25, 2022 and November 3, 2022 (other than, in each case, those documents, or the portions of those documents or exhibits thereto, deemed to be furnished and not filed in accordance with SEC rules).

•

Any description of shares of STAR common stock contained in a registration statement filed pursuant to the Exchange Act and any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.

In addition, STAR incorporates by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus any future filings it makes with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus and prior to the date of the STAR special meeting (other than, in each case, those documents, or the portions of those documents or exhibits thereto, deemed to be furnished and not filed in accordance with SEC rules). Such documents are considered to be a part of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, effective as of the date such documents are filed. In the event of conflicting information in these documents, the information in the latest filed document should be considered correct.

You can obtain any of the documents listed above from the SEC, through the website of the SEC at the address described above or from STAR by requesting them in writing or by telephone at the following address:

iStar Inc.
1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor
New York, NY 100036
Attention: Investor Relations
Telephone: (212) 930-9400

206

These documents are available from STAR without charge, excluding any exhibits to them unless the exhibit is specifically listed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/​prospectus forms a part.

This joint proxy statement/prospectus also incorporates by reference the documents listed below that SAFE has previously filed with the SEC; provided, however, that we are not incorporating by reference, in each case, any documents, portion of documents or information deemed to have been furnished and not filed in accordance with SEC rules. The following documents contain important information about SAFE, its financial condition or other matters:

•

Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on February 15, 2022.

•

Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on April 21, 2022, August 3, 2022 and November 2, 2022, respectively.

•

The portions of SAFE’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 5, 2022 and incorporated by reference in SAFE’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

•

Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 31, 2022, February 7, 2022, February 15, 2022, March 2, 2022, March 7, 2022, April 21, 2022, May 16, 2022, May 18, 2022, August 3, 2022, August 11, 2022, November 1, 2022 and November 30, 2022 (other than, in each case, those documents, or the portions of those documents or exhibits thereto, deemed to be furnished and not filed in accordance with SEC rules).

In addition, SAFE incorporates by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus any future filings it makes with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus and prior to the date of the SAFE special meeting (other than, in each case, those documents, or the portions of those documents or exhibits thereto, deemed to be furnished and not filed in accordance with SEC rules). Such documents are considered to be a part of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, effective as of the date such documents are filed. In the event of conflicting information in these documents, the information in the latest filed document should be considered correct.

You can obtain any of these documents from the SEC, through the website of the SEC at the address described above, or SAFE will provide you with copies of these documents, without charge, upon written or oral request to:

Safehold Inc.
1114 Avenue of the Americas
39th Floor
New York, NY 10036
Attention: Investor Relations
Telephone: (212) 930-9400

This document is a prospectus of STAR and is a joint proxy statement of STAR and SAFE for the STAR special meeting and the SAFE special meeting. Neither STAR nor SAFE has authorized anyone to give any information or make any representation about the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder, including the merger, or in addition to, that contained in this joint proxy statement/​prospectus or in any of the materials that STAR or SAFE has incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus. Therefore, if anyone does give you information of this sort, you should not rely on it. The information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus reads only as of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus unless the information specifically indicates that another date applies.

207

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Defined terms included below shall have the same meaning as terms defined and included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.

On August 10, 2022, STAR and SAFE entered into the merger agreement. The merger agreement provides that, subject to the terms and conditions thereof, SAFE will be merged with and into STAR, with STAR continuing as the surviving corporation and operating under the name “Safehold Inc.,” which we refer to as “New SAFE.” The merger is expected to close in the first quarter or second quarter of 2023.

At the effective time of the merger: (1) each share of SAFE common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time (other than any shares owned directly by STAR or any of the wholly-owned subsidiaries of STAR or SAFE and in each case not held on behalf of third parties) will be converted into the right to receive one share of newly issued New SAFE common stock; and (2) each share of STAR Series D, Series G and Series I preferred stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time will be converted into the right to receive the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends to the closing date, payable in cash.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheets assume the merger and related STAR transactions (see also Adjusted STAR spin-off transaction and Other pre-merger transactions below) occurred on September 30, 2022. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations presented for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021 assume the merger and related transactions occurred on January 1, 2021.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements were prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X, using the assumptions set forth in the notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements are presented for illustrative purposes only and do not purport to reflect the results we may achieve in future periods or the historical results that would have been obtained had the merger and related transactions been completed on the dates indicated above. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements also do not give effect to the potential impact of current financial conditions, any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies or cost savings that may result from the transactions described above. In addition, future results may vary significantly from those reflected in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements due to factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” section, beginning on page 34.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements are derived from and should be read in conjunction with:

(i)

the consolidated financial statements of STAR and accompanying notes thereto included in STAR’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as amended by Form 10-K/A, and quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022, incorporated herein by reference;

(ii)

the consolidated financial statements of SAFE and accompanying notes thereto included in SAFE’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022, incorporated herein by reference; and

(iii)

other information relating to STAR and SAFE contained in or incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus. For more information, see “Summary Historical Financial Data of STAR, “Summary Historical Financial Data of SAFE” and “Where You Can Find More Information.”

In management’s opinion, all adjustments necessary to reflect the merger, the issuance of shares of New SAFE’s common stock in the merger and the cash out of STAR preferred stock in the merger have been made to present the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements fairly, in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is presented to illustrate (i) adjustments to STAR’s historical financial position and results of operations for the planned spin-off of

208

the non-ground lease businesses into a separate public company and other pre-merger transactions; and (ii) acquisition accounting adjustments for the merger and other ancillary adjustments in connection with the merger.

Adjusted STAR, as presented in Note 2, reflects the impacts of the following:

The spin-off transaction includes:

•

STAR consummating a series of reorganization and separation transactions pursuant to which, among other things, STAR will separate its legacy non-ground lease assets and businesses into a separate public company, “Star Holdings.” Prior to the closing of the merger, STAR will distribute to the stockholders of STAR, on a pro rata basis, all of the issued and outstanding common shares, par value $0.01 per share, of Star Holdings;

•

STAR contributing shares of SAFE common stock with an aggregate market value of at least $400 million and transferring at least $50 million of cash to Star Holdings;

•

STAR providing Star Holdings with a $100 million senior secured term loan, the proceeds of which will be distributed to STAR as consideration for the legacy assets contributed to Star Holdings; and

•

Star Holdings entering into a $140 million margin loan collateralized by Star Holdings’ shares of SAFE common stock and distributing the proceeds to STAR as consideration for the legacy assets contributed to Star Holdings.

Other pre-merger transactions include:

•

STAR distributing to its shareholders an in-kind dividend of an aggregate of approximately 6.63 million shares of SAFE common stock paid on December 7, 2022 on a pro-rata basis to holders of record as of December 1, 2022;

•

STAR using cash on hand together with the proceeds of the new secured term loan and margin loan described above and the proceeds of the sale of certain legacy assets being marketed for sale to repay in full its outstanding unsecured debt obligations and associated prepayment premiums in cash (excluding its $100 million trust preferred securities), which STAR is obligated to do pursuant to the merger agreement;

•

STAR selling 5.4 million shares of SAFE common stock to MSD Capital for $200 million in the MSD stock purchase; and

•

STAR effectuating a reverse stock split to reduce the number of shares of its common stock outstanding based on the STAR share consolidation ratio, which is assumed to be            .

Acquisition accounting adjustments include:

•

The business combination with SAFE, as accounting acquirer, accounting for the acquisition of STAR’s assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC 805 for a total purchase price of $216.2 million (see Note 1 — Preliminary Estimated Purchase Price);

•

STAR entering into a management agreement with Star Holdings;

•

STAR redeeming its Series D, G and I preferred equity shares at their liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, or $305 million in the aggregate;

•

SAFE drawing $205 million under its existing unsecured revolving credit facility to pay cash consideration to STAR and pay transaction expenses;

•

SAFE terminating its management agreement with STAR; and

•

STAR and SAFE incurring approximately $32 million in additional expenses attributable to the merger and related transactions.

Other ancillary adjustments include:

•

MSD Capital acquiring 100,000 Caret units from New SAFE for $20 million in the MSD Caret unit purchase;

209

•

third-party investors acquiring 22,500 Caret Units from New SAFE for an aggregate $4.5 million; and

•

STAR settling its obligations under its iPIP and long-term employee incentive programs with a combination of cash and shares of New SAFE common stock.

210

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022
(in thousands)

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Transaction Accounting Adjustments

​

​

​

​

Historical SAFE

Adjusted STAR (Note 2)

Acquisition Accounting Adjustments (Note 3)

​

Other Ancillary Adjustments (Note 3)

​

Company Pro Forma

ASSETS

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Net investment in leases

​

$

3,066,113

​

$

—

​

$

295

3(a)

​

$

—

​

​

$

3,066,408

Ground Lease receivables

​

​

1,326,632

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

1,326,632

Real estate

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Real estate, at cost

​

​

740,971

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

740,971

Less: accumulated depreciation

​

​

(32,864)

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

(32,864)

Real estate, net

​

​

708,107

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

708,107

Real estate available and held for sale

​

​

—

​

​

982

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

982

Real estate-related intangible assets

​

​

219,469

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

219,469

Total real estate, net and real estate-related intangible assets, net

​

​

927,576

​

​

982

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

928,558

Other investments

​

​

178,643

​

​

565,539

​

​

(479,392)

3(b)

​

​

—

​

​

​

264,790

Loans receivable and other lending investments, net

​

​

—

​

​

100,000

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

100,000

Cash and cash equivalents

​

​

35,574

​

​

176,255

​

​

(136,493)

3(c)

​

​

792

3(n)

​

​

76,128

Restricted cash

​

​

58,001

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

58,001

Goodwill

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

163,485

3(d)

​

​

—

​

​

​

163,485

Deferred operating lease income receivable, net

​

​

141,005

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

141,005

Deferred expenses and other assets, net

​

​

58,330

​

​

31,337

​

​

(6,277)

3(e)

​

​

—

​

​

​

83,390

Total assets

​

$

5,791,874

​

$

874,113

​

$

(458,382)

​

​

$

792

​

​

$

6,208,397

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Liabilities:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

​

$

122,662

​

$

83,780

​

$

(10,541)

3(f)

​

$

(48,540)

(3o)

​

$

147,361

Real estate-related intangible liabilities

​

​

64,800

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

64,800

Debt obligations, net

​

​

3,458,905

​

​

98,774

​

​

196,514

3(g)

​

​

—

​

​

​

3,754,193

Total liabilities

​

​

3,646,367

​

​

182,554

​

​

185,973

​

​

​

(48,540)

​

​

​

3,966,354

Redeemable noncontrolling interest

​

​

19,658

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

19,658

Equity:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Shareholders’ equity:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Preferred Stock Series D, G and I, liquidation preference $25.00 per share

​

​

—

​

​

12

​

​

(12)

3(h)

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

Common Stock

​

​

622

​

​

87

​

​

(100)

3(i)

​

​

25

3(p)

​

​

634

Additional paid-in capital

​

​

1,981,155

​

​

3,457,961

​

​

(3,413,981)

3(j)

​

​

69,120

3(q)

​

​

2,094,255

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)

​

​

140,475

​

​

(2,778,388)

​

​

2,746,154

3(k)

​

​

(8,085)

3(r)

​

​

100,156

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

​

​

(8,420)

​

​

(1,596)

​

​

1,596

3(l)

​

​

—

​

​

​

(8,420)

Total shareholders’ equity

​

​

2,113,832

​

​

678,076

​

​

(666,343)

​

​

​

61,060

​

​

​

2,186,625

Noncontrolling interests

​

​

12,017

​

​

13,483

​

​

21,988

3(m)

​

​

(11,728)

3(s)

​

​

35,760

Total equity

​

​

2,125,849

​

​

691,559

​

​

(644,355)

​

​

​

49,332

​

​

​

2,222,385

Total liabilities and equity

​

$

5,791,874

​

$

874,113

​

$

(458,382)

​

​

$

792

​

​

$

6,208,397

See notes to unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements.

211

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(in thousands, except per share data)

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Transaction Accounting Adjustments

​

​

​

​

Historical SAFE

Adjusted STAR (Note 2)

Acquisition Accounting Adjustments (Note 3)

​

Other Ancillary Transactions (Note 3)

​

Company Pro Forma

Revenues:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Interest income from sales-type leases

​

$

146,014

​

$

861

​

$

—

​

​

$

75

3(ff)

​

$

146,950

Operating lease income

​

​

49,925

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

49,925

Interest income

​

​

—

​

​

6,075

​

​

—

​

​

​

(75)

3(ff)

​

​

6,000

Other income

​

​

1,004

​

​

20,811

​

​

(3,700)

3(aa)

​

​

—

​

​

​

18,115

Total revenues

​

​

196,943

​

​

27,747

​

​

(3,700)

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

220,990

Costs and expenses:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Interest expense

​

​

91,050

​

​

13,240

​

​

360

3(bb)

​

​

6,366

3(gg)

​

​

111,016

Real estate expense

​

​

2,272

​

​

1,644

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

3,916

Depreciation and amortization

​

​

7,215

​

​

424

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

7,639

General and administrative

​

​

29,203

​

​

4,524

​

​

(14,315)

3(cc)

​

​

—

​

​

​

19,412

Impairment of assets

​

​

—

​

​

18

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

18

Other expense

​

​

6,777

​

​

6,350

​

​

—

​

​

​

567

3(ff)

​

​

13,694

Total costs and expenses

​

​

136,517

​

​

26,200

​

​

(13,955)

​

​

​

6,933

​

​

​

155,695

Gain on sale of net investment in lease

​

​

55,811

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

55,811

Income from sales of real estate

​

​

—

​

​

1,443

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

1,443

Income (loss) from operations before earnings (losses) from equity method investments and other items

​

​

116,237

​

​

2,990

​

​

10,255

​

​

​

(6,933)

​

​

​

122,549

Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net(1)

​

​

—

​

​

(131,200)

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

(131,200)

Earnings (losses) from equity method investments

​

​

6,772

​

​

51,720

​

​

(46,250)

3(dd)

​

​

​

​

​

​

12,242

Net income (loss) from operations before income taxes

​

​

123,009

​

​

(76,490)

​

​

(35,995)

​

​

​

(6,933)

​

​

​

3,591

Income tax (expense) benefit

​

​

—

​

​

(567)

​

​

—

​

​

​

567

3(ff)

​

​

—

Net income (loss) from operations

​

​

123,009

​

​

(77,057)

​

​

(35,995)

​

​

​

(6,366)

​

​

​

3,591

Net (income) from operations attributable to noncontrolling interests

​

​

(9,381)

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

(9,381)

Net income (loss) attributable to the Company

​

​

113,628

​

​

(77,057)

​

​

(35,995)

​

​

​

(6,366)

​

​

​

(5,790)

Preferred dividends

​

​

—

​

​

(17,622)

​

​

17,622

3(ee)

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders

​

$

113,628

​

$

(94,679)

​

$

(18,373)

​

​

$

(6,366)

​

​

$

(5,790)

Earnings (loss) per share 3(hh)

​

$

1.87

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

$

(0.09)

Weighted average shares outstanding

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Basic

​

​

60,776

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

61,971

Diluted

​

​

60,776

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

61,971

(1)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Adjusted STAR includes losses on early extinguishment of debt of $131.2 million resulting from STAR’s redemption of its unsecured notes and the repayment of its senior term loan. The Company does not expect losses on early extinguishment of debt to be a recurring item.

See notes to unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements.

212

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2021
(in thousands, except per share data)

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Transaction Accounting Adjustments

​

​

​

​

Historical SAFE

Adjusted STAR (Note 2)

Acquisition Accounting Adjustments (Note 3)

​

Other Ancillary Adjustments (Note 3)

​

Company Pro Forma

Revenues:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Interest income from sales-type leases

​

$

118,824

​

$

1,215

​

$

—

​

​

$

1,707

3(nn)

​

$

121,746

Operating lease income

​

​

67,667

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

67,667

Interest income

​

​

—

​

​

9,707

​

​

—

​

​

​

(1,707)

3(nn)

​

​

8,000

Other income

​

​

523

​

​

15,891

​

​

(14,866)

3(ii)

​

​

25,000

3(oo)

​

​

26,548

Total revenues

​

​

187,014

​

​

26,813

​

​

(14,866)

​

​

​

25,000

​

​

​

223,961

Costs and expenses:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Interest expense

​

​

79,707

​

​

34,910

​

​

458

3(jj)

​

​

8,488

3(pp)

​

​

123,563

Real estate expense

​

​

2,663

​

​

868

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

3,531

Depreciation and amortization

​

​

9,562

​

​

585

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

10,147

General and administrative

​

​

28,753

​

​

85,363

​

​

(14,148)

3(kk)

​

​

7,257

3(qq)

​

​

107,225

Merger Expenses

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

32,234

3(rr)

​

​

32,234

Other expense

​

​

868

​

​

10,647

​

​

—

​

​

​

882

3(ss)

​

​

12,397

Total costs and expenses

​

​

121,553

​

​

132,373

​

​

(13,690)

​

​

​

48,861

​

​

​

289,097

Income (loss) from operations before earnings (losses) from equity method investments and other items

​

​

65,461

​

​

(105,560)

​

​

(1,176)

​

​

​

(23,861)

​

​

​

(65,136)

Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net

​

​

(216)

​

​

(31,058)

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

(31,274)

Earnings (losses) from equity method investments

​

​

6,279

​

​

16,543

​

​

(13,402)

3(ll)

​

​

—

​

​

​

9,420

Selling profit from sales-type leases

​

​

1,833

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

1,833

Net income (loss) from operations before income taxes

​

​

73,357

​

​

(120,075)

​

​

(14,578)

​

​

​

(23,861)

​

​

​

(85,157)

Income tax benefit (expense)

​

​

—

​

​

118

​

​

—

​

​

​

(118)

3(nn)

​

​

—

Net income (loss) from operations

​

​

73,357

​

​

(119,957)

​

​

(14,578)

​

​

​

(23,979)

​

​

​

(85,157)

Net (income) loss from operations attributable to noncontrolling interests

​

​

(234)

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

172

3(tt)

​

​

(62)

Net income (loss) attributable to the Company

​

​

73,123

​

​

(119,957)

​

​

(14,578)

​

​

​

(23,807)

​

​

​

(85,219)

Preferred dividends

​

​

—

​

​

(23,496)

​

​

23,496

3(mm)

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders

​

$

73,123

​

$

(143,453)

​

$

8,918

​

​

$

(23,807)

​

​

$

(85,219)

Earnings (loss) per share 3(uu)

​

$

1.35

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

$

(1.54)

Weighted average shares outstanding

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Basic

​

​

54,167

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

55,362

Diluted

​

​

54,180

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

55,362

See notes to unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements.

213

New SAFE

Notes to Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements

Note 1:   Basis of Presentation

The accompanying pro forma financial statements were prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X. On August 10, 2022, STAR and SAFE entered into the merger agreement. The merger agreement provides that, subject to the terms conditions thereof, SAFE will be merged with and into STAR, with STAR continuing as the surviving corporation and operating under the name “Safehold Inc.,” which we refer to as “New SAFE.” The merger is expected to close in the first quarter or second quarter of 2023.

At the effective time of the merger: (i) each share of SAFE common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger (other than any shares owned directly by STAR or any of the wholly-owned subsidiaries of STAR or SAFE and in each case not held on behalf of third parties) will be converted into the right to receive one share of newly issued new SAFE common stock; and (ii) each share of STAR Series D, Series G and Series I preferred stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time will be converted into the right to receive the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends to the closing date, payable in cash.

The pro forma condensed combined financial statements have been prepared with the merger being accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), with STAR as the legal acquirer and SAFE as the acquirer for financial reporting. We considered the following relevant facts for this determination:

•

At the time of the merger closing, SAFE shareholders, excluding the SAFE shares held directly by STAR, members of STAR management and Star Holdings, will control the majority of the voting interests in New SAFE and the combined company will operate under the name “Safehold Inc.;”

•

the composition of the combined company’s board of directors, which will include three directors from SAFE and two directors from STAR, and two management members of both SAFE and STAR;

•

SAFE is the larger entity by size when comparing the key metrics of total assets, total revenue and net income (loss) from continuing operations and allocable to common shareholders; and

•

substantially all of the assets and liabilities of New SAFE will consist of the historical assets and liabilities of SAFE, and the go-forward business plan of New SAFE is to conduct the ground lease business being conducted by SAFE prior to the merger.

The transaction will be accounted for as a reverse acquisition. As a result, upon consummation of the merger: (i) the historical financial statements of SAFE will become the historical financial statements of the Combined Company; and (ii) the acquisition method of accounting will be utilized to recognize the identifiable assets acquired (including identifiable intangible assets) and liabilities assumed (including executory contracts and other commitments) of STAR at fair value at the date of the merger. Fair value estimates were determined based on a preliminary valuation analysis. A final determination of the fair values of the assets and liabilities, which cannot be made prior to the completion of the merger, will be based on the actual valuations of the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities that exist as of the date of completion of the merger. The completion of the final valuations, the allocations of the purchase price, the impact of ongoing integration activities, the timing of the completion of the merger and other changes in tangible and intangible assets and liabilities that occur prior to the completion of the mergers could cause material differences in the information presented. Accordingly, actual amounts eventually recorded for purchase accounting in “Real estate available and held for sale,” “Net investment in leases,” “Other Investments,” “Loans receivable and other lending investments, net,” and “Debt obligations, net” on the Company’s condensed combined balance sheets may differ materially from the information presented. Acquisition costs incurred in connection with a business combination are expensed at the time of acquisition.

The unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations are only presented through income (loss) from continuing operations in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the historical results of STAR exclude activity of its net lease portfolio which is presented within discontinued operations

214

for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and for the year ended December 31, 2021. In addition, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is presented to illustrate: (i) adjustments to STAR’s historical financial position and results of operations for the spin-off transaction and other pre-merger transactions; and (ii) acquisition accounting adjustments for the merger and other ancillary adjustments in connection with the merger. The impacts of (i) are presented in the historical financial position and results of operations of “Adjusted STAR.”

To the extent necessary, certain reclassifications have been reflected in the pro forma adjustments to conform STAR’s historical financial statement presentation to that of SAFE. However, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements may not reflect all adjustments necessary to conform the accounting policies of STAR to those of SAFE.

The pro forma adjustments represent management’s estimates based on information available as of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus and are subject to change as additional information becomes available and additional analyses are performed. Also, the pro forma condensed combined financial statements do not reflect possible adjustments related to restructuring or integration activities that have yet to be determined.

The pro forma balance sheet combines the historical consolidated balance sheets of STAR and SAFE as of September 30, 2022, giving effect to the merger and related transactions as if they had been consummated on September 30, 2022. The pro forma statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021 combine the historical consolidated statements of operations of STAR and SAFE, giving effect to the merger and related transactions as if they had been consummated on January 1, 2021.

Completion of the merger is subject to, among other things, approval by STAR and SAFE stockholders.

Preliminary Estimated Purchase Price (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Total New SAFE shares to be transferred to STAR shareholders	​	14,315,152
Less: Shares issued as settled for STAR preexisting investment in SAFE(1)	​	(13,120,118)
Total New SAFE shares as purchase price(1)	​	1,195,034
Stock price of SAFE’s common stock(2)	$	26.46
Estimated fair value of SAFE stock to be transferred	​	31,621
Cash consideration paid by SAFE to STAR	​	181,105
Fair value of equity compensation plans for prior service	​	3,464
Estimated purchase price	$	216,190

(1)

The total New SAFE shares to be held by STAR shareholders includes 14.3 million shares that were issued as consideration for the investment in SAFE previously held by Adjusted STAR that will be retired in connection with the merger. Accordingly, these shares are excluded from the purchase price as they reflect as treasury stock repurchase and retirement by SAFE. If the closing of the merger occurs after March 31, 2023 and STAR has not raised certain additional cash proceeds from asset sales and other transactions, the upward adjustment amount of 1,195,034 shares will be reduced by 358,511 shares and will be reduced to zero shares if the closing has not occurred and STAR has not raised certain additional cash proceeds by June 30, 2023.

(2)

Based on the closing price of SAFE’s common stock, which was $26.46 as of September 30, 2022. The final purchase price will be determined based on the price of SAFE stock as of the date of the merger. Goodwill is calculated as the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and primarily relates to the acquisition of STAR’s workforce and future synergies expected to be realized after the completion of the merger. The following reflects sensitivity of changes in the stock price on the purchase price and resulting impact to goodwill (in thousands, except per share amounts):

215

Price per share of SAFE common stock	$	21.46	$	26.46	$	31.46
Estimated purchase price	​	210,215	​	216,190	​	222,165
Preliminary estimate of the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired	​	(70,583)	​	(52,705)	​	(36,874)
Goodwill	​	139,632	​	163,485	​	185,291

The following table presents STAR’s assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair values as if the merger occurred on September 30, 2022, after giving effect to spin-off transaction and other pre-merger transactions (amounts in thousands):

Cash and cash equivalents	$	52,361
Real estate available and held for sale	​	982
Other investments	​	86,147
Loans receivable and other lending investments, net	​	100,000
Net investment in leases	​	295
Deferred expenses and other assets, net	​	25,059
Total assets acquired	​	264,844
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities(1)	​	(86,282)
Debt obligations, net	​	(90,386)
Noncontrolling interests(1)	​	(35,471)
Total liabilities assumed	​	(212,139)
Net identifiable assets acquired	​	52,705
Estimated purchase price	$	216,190
Less: net identifiable assets acquired	​	(52,705)
Estimated goodwill	​	163,485

(1)

Includes $48.5 million attributable to STAR’s liability-classified iPIP plans that are expected to be settled at closing of the merger in a combination of cash and stock. In addition, STAR has iPIP plans that are classified as equity plans that are also expected to be settled at closing of the merger by the transfer of 2.5 million shares of New SAFE common stock owned by STAR to the employee participants. The value of these plans and the number of shares used to settle these plans will vary depending on the price per share of SAFE common stock.

2.   Adjusted STAR

The historical financial statements of STAR have been adjusted in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements to give pro forma effect to asset sales, the Spin-off transaction and other pre-merger transactions.

Asset Sales and Other Activity

To address STAR’s requirement under the merger agreement that STAR redeem its outstanding senior unsecured notes in full prior to closing the merger and pay all amounts due on such redemptions, and the closing condition under the merger agreement that STAR raise certain minimum cash proceeds from sales of assets or securities or other liability management transactions, STAR has identified certain legacy assets that it is actively marketing for sale or are otherwise due to be monetized prior to the closing of the merger. Although the timing and amount of any sales or monetization are not yet determined and may never occur, the Company has determined that it is appropriate to reflect pro forma adjustments for the planned transactions in order to meet the required closing conditions of the merger. Accordingly, a pro forma balance sheet adjustment has been made to reflect the sale of such assets at their historical carrying value. No

216

pro forma adjustments have been made to reflect any anticipated gain or loss on the monetization of these assets, as the sale proceeds are not known.

Spin-off Transaction

Prior to the merger, STAR will consummate a series of reorganization and separation transactions (which we refer to, collectively, as the “spin-off reorganization”) pursuant to which, among other things, STAR will separate its remaining legacy non-ground lease assets and businesses into a separate public company, Star Holdings, a Maryland statutory trust. Following the spin-off reorganization, but prior to the effective time of the merger (which we refer to as the “effective time”), STAR will distribute to its stockholders, on a pro rata basis, all of the issued and outstanding common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share, of Star Holdings (which we refer to as the “spin-off distribution” and, together with the spin-off reorganization, the “spin-off”).

The spin-off is required to be completed prior to the completion of the merger. Accordingly, the unaudited pro forma financial information has been adjusted to reflect the pending merger, which management has assessed as probable of occurring.

Other Pre merger Transactions

Prior to the merger, STAR will be (i) distributing an in-kind dividend of an aggregate of approximately 6.63 million shares of SAFE common stock owned by STAR; (ii) selling 5.4 million shares of SAFE common stock to MSD Capital for $200 million; (iii) settling its unsecured debt obligations for cash; and (iv) effectuating a reverse stock split to reduce the number of its common shares outstanding based on the STAR share consolidation ratio.

217

Adjusted STAR Pro Forma Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2022
(in thousands)

​

Historical STAR

Asset Sales and Other Activity(1)

Spin-off Transaction

​

Other Pre Merger Transactions

​

Adjusted STAR

ASSETS

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Real estate

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Real estate, at cost

​

$

111,719

​

$

(17,364)

​

$

(94,355)

A

​

$

—

​

​

$

—

Less: accumulated depreciation

​

​

(22,575)

​

​

5,268

​

​

17,307

A

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

Real estate, net

​

​

89,144

​

​

(12,096)

​

​

(77,048)

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

Real estate available and held for sale

​

​

1,283

​

​

(301)

​

​

—

A

​

​

—

​

​

​

982

Total real estate

​

​

90,427

​

​

(12,397)

​

​

(77,048)

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

982

Real estate and other assets available and held for sale and classified as discontinued operations

​

​

11,925

​

​

—

​

​

(11,925)

A

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

Land and development, net

​

​

248,246

​

​

—

​

​

(248,246)

A

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

Loans receivable and other lending investments, net

​

​

176,623

​

​

(157,223)

​

​

80,600

B

​

​

—

​

​

​

100,000

Other investments

​

​

1,605,268

​

​

(55,279)

​

​

(548,126)

A

​

​

(436,324)

D

​

​

565,539

Cash and cash equivalents

​

​

1,335,722

​

​

226,976

​

​

53,545

C

​

​

(1,439,988)

E

​

​

176,255

Accrued interest and operating lease income receivable, net

​

​

1,035

​

​

(344)

​

​

(691)

A

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

Deferred operating lease income receivable, net

​

​

2,842

​

​

(1,678)

​

​

(1,164)

A

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

Deferred expenses and other assets, net

​

​

50,044

​

​

(908)

​

​

(14,402)

A

​

​

(3,397)

E

​

​

31,337

Total assets

​

$

3,522,132

​

$

(853)

​

$

(767,457)

​

​

$

(1,879,709)

​

​

$

874,113

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Liabilities:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

​

$

140,876

​

$

(853)

​

$

(32,405)

A

​

$

(23,838)

F

​

$

83,780

Liabilities associated with real estate held for sale and classified as discontinued operations

​

​

2,918

​

​

—

​

​

(2,918)

A

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

Debt obligations, net

​

​

1,680,708

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

(1,581,934)

G

​

​

98,774

Total liabilities

​

​

1,824,502

​

​

(853)

​

​

(35,323)

​

​

​

(1,605,772)

​

​

​

182,554

Equity:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Shareholders’ equity:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Preferred Stock Series D, G and I, liquidation preference $25.00 per share

​

​

12

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

12

Common Stock

​

​

87

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

87

Additional paid-in capital

​

​

3,457,961

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

​

—

​

​

​

3,457,961

Accumulated deficit

​

​

(1,772,843)

​

​

—

​

​

(730,144)

A

​

​

(275,401)

H

​

​

(2,778,388)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

​

​

(4,898)

​

​

—

​

​

1,838

A

​

​

1,464

I

​

​

(1,596)

Total shareholders’ equity

​

​

1,680,319

​

​

—

​

​

(728,306)

​

​

​

(273,937)

​

​

​

678,076

Noncontrolling interests

​

​

17,311

​

​

—

​

​

(3,828)

A

​

​

—

​

​

​

13,483

Total equity

​

​

1,697,630

​

​

—

​

​

(732,134)

​

​

​

(273,937)

​

​

​

691,559

Total liabilities and equity

​

$

3,522,132

​

$

(853)

​

$

(767,457)

​

​

$

(1,879,709)

​

​

$

874,113

218

(1)

STAR is required under the merger agreement to redeem its outstanding senior unsecured notes in full prior to closing the merger and pay all amounts due on such redemptions. In addition, to satisfy the closing condition under the merger agreement that STAR raise certain minimum cash proceeds from sales of assets or securities or other liability management transactions, STAR has identified certain legacy assets that it is actively marketing for sale or are otherwise due to be monetized prior to the closing of the merger. Although the timing and amount of any sales or monetization are not yet determined and may never occur, the Company has determined that it is appropriate to reflect pro forma adjustments for the planned transactions in order to meet the required closing conditions of the merger. Accordingly, a pro forma balance sheet adjustment has been made to reflect the sale of such assets at their historical carrying value. No pro forma adjustments have been made to reflect any anticipated gain or loss on the monetization of these assets, as the sale proceeds are not known.

Spin-off Transaction		Amount ($ in 000’s)
A	Represents the carrying value of STAR’s legacy assets, liabilities and amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests that will be spun off through a distribution of its interests in Star Holdings if not sold prior to the merger closing.	​	​	​
B	Represents the carrying value of loans and other lending investments, net that that will be spun off through a distribution of STAR’s interests in Star Holdings prior to the merger.	​	$	(19,400)
​	Represents the senior secured term loan originated by STAR to Star Holdings.	​	​	100,000
​	​	​	​	80,600
C	Distribution of cash to Star Holdings, although the Company does not expect that all of this cash will be available at the time of the merger closing.	​	​	(85,066)
​	Net proceeds from the up to $140 million margin loan secured by shares of SAFE common stock held by Star Holdings, the proceeds of which will be retained by STAR and used to repay corporate debt. The liability is assumed by Star Holdings.	​	​	138,611
​	​	​	​	53,545

Other Pre Merger Transactions		Amount ($ in 000’s)
D	Other investments is reduced by STAR’s carrying value of the 5.4 million shares of SAFE common stock to be sold to MSD Capital for $200.0 million, using an assumed carrying value of $36.23 per share, which is the average carrying value of all shares of SAFE common stock held by STAR as of the date of the pro forma financial statements.	​	(195,860)
​	Other investments is reduced for the carrying value of STAR’s approximately 6.63 million shares of SAFE common stock distributed to STAR stockholders as an in-kind dividend, using an assumed carrying value of $36.23 per share, which is the average carrying value of all shares of SAFE common stock held by STAR as of the date of the pro forma financial statements.	​	(240,464)
​	​	​	(436,324)
E	Proceeds from sale of SAFE shares to MSD Capital, net of fees.	​	193,445
​	Reclassification of restricted cash from other assets at STAR to cash and cash equivalents.	​	3,397
​	Payments to settle unsecured notes, including $23.8 million of accrued interest.	​	(1,626,302)
​	Prepayment penalty on early termination of unsecured notes.	​	(10,528)
​	​	​	(1,439,988)
F	Payments of accrued interest on settlement of unsecured notes.	​	(23,838)

219

Other Pre Merger Transactions		Amount ($ in 000’s)
G	Represents the carrying value of unsecured notes, net of $20.5 million of unamortized costs, to be repaid or redeemed prior to the merger closing.	​	(1,581,934)
H	Loss on the sale of SAFE common stock to MSD Capital representing the difference between the carrying value of $195.9 million and net proceeds of $193.5 million and realization of $2.3 million of unrealized AOCI losses.	​	(3,072)
​	Prepayment penalty and other adjustment to accumulated deficit from repayment of unsecured notes.	​	(31,058)
​	Carrying value of SAFE shares to be distributed to STAR shareholders in the form of a dividend.	​	(241,271)
​	​	​	(275,401)
I	Realization of STAR’s share of unrealized accumulated other comprehensive loss associated with sales and distributions of SAFE common stock.	​	1,464

220

Adjusted STAR Pro Forma Statement of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(in thousands, except per share data)

​

Historical STAR

Spin-off Transaction(A)

Other Pre- Merger Transactions

Adjusted STAR

Revenues:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Operating lease income

​

$

9,715

​

$

(9,715)

​

$

—

​

$

—

Interest income

​

​

11,262

​

​

(11,187)

​

​

6,000(B)

​

​

6,075

Interest income from sales-type leases

​

​

861

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

861

Other income

​

​

51,545

​

​

(30,734)

​

​

—

​

​

20,811

Land development revenue

​

​

54,390

​

​

(54,390)

​

​

—

​

​

—

Total revenues

​

​

127,773

​

​

(106,026)

​

​

6,000

​

​

27,747

Costs and expenses:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Interest expense

​

​

76,056

​

​

(33,296)

​

​

(29,520)(C)

​

​

13,240

Real estate expense

​

​

39,337

​

​

(37,693)

​

​

—

​

​

1,644

Land development cost of sales

​

​

55,369

​

​

(55,369)

​

​

—

​

​

—

Depreciation and amortization

​

​

3,985

​

​

(3,561)

​

​

—

​

​

424

General and administrative

​

​

10,406

​

​

(5,882)

​

​

—

​

​

4,524

(Recovery of) provision for loan losses

​

​

22,556

​

​

(22,556)

​

​

—

​

​

—

Impairment of assets

​

​

1,768

​

​

(1,750)

​

​

—

​

​

18

Other expense

​

​

6,624

​

​

(274)

​

​

—

​

​

6,350

Total costs and expenses

​

​

216,101

​

​

(160,381)

​

​

(29,520)

​

​

26,200

Income from sales of real estate

​

​

1,443

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

1,443

Income (loss) from operations before earnings from equity method investments and other items

​

​

(86,885)

​

​

54,355

​

​

35,520

​

​

2,990

Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net

​

​

(131,200)

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

(131,200)

Earnings from equity method investments

​

​

102,222

​

​

(50,502)

​

​

—

​

​

51,720

Net income (loss) from operations before income taxes

​

​

(115,863)

​

​

3,853

​

​

35,520

​

​

(76,490)

Income tax expense

​

​

(567)

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

(567)

Net income (loss) from operations

​

​

(116,430)

​

​

3,853

​

​

35,520

​

​

(77,057)

Net loss (income) from operations attributable to noncontrolling interests

​

​

(46)

​

​

46

​

​

—

​

​

—

Net income (loss) attributable to the Company

​

​

(116,476)

​

​

3,899

​

​

35,520

​

​

(77,057)

Preferred dividends

​

​

(17,622)

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

(17,622)

Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders

​

$

(134,098)

​

$

3,899

​

$

35,520

​

$

(94,679)

Loss per share

​

$

(1.70)

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

(A)

Represents the operations of STAR’s legacy assets and liabilities that will be spun off to Star Holdings if not sold prior to the merger closing.

(B)

Interest income on the $100.0 million senior secured term loan originated by STAR to Star Holdings that bears interest at a fixed rate of 8.0% per annum.

(C)

Represents a reduction of interest expense attributable to $1.6 billion of STAR’s corporate debt obligations that will be repaid in contemplation of the merger.

221

Adjusted STAR Pro Forma Statement of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2021
(in thousands, except per share data)

​

Historical STAR

Spin-off Transaction(A)

Other Pre Merger Transactions

Adjusted STAR

Revenues:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Operating lease income

​

$

16,824

​

$

(16,824)

​

$

—

​

$

—

Interest income

​

​

31,229

​

​

(29,522)

​

​

8,000(B)

​

​

9,707

Interest income from sales-type leases

​

​

1,215

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

1,215

Other income

​

​

70,259

​

​

(54,368)

​

​

—

​

​

15,891

Land development revenue

​

​

189,103

​

​

(189,103)

​

​

—

​

​

—

Total revenues

​

​

308,630

​

​

(289,817)

​

​

8,000

​

​

26,813

Costs and expenses:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Interest expense

​

​

115,400

​

​

(51,369)

​

​

(29,121)(C)

​

​

34,910

Real estate expense

​

​

45,994

​

​

(45,126)

​

​

—

​

​

868

Land development cost of sales

​

​

171,961

​

​

(171,961)

​

​

—

​

​

—

Depreciation and amortization

​

​

7,072

​

​

(6,487)

​

​

—

​

​

585

General and administrative

​

​

131,703

​

​

(46,340)

​

​

—

​

​

85,363

(Recovery of) provision for loan losses

​

​

(8,085)

​

​

8,085

​

​

—

​

​

—

Impairment of assets

​

​

678

​

​

(678)

​

​

—

​

​

—

Other expense

​

​

8,114

​

​

2,533

​

​

—

​

​

10,647

Total costs and expenses

​

​

472,837

​

​

(311,343)

​

​

(29,121)

​

​

132,373

Income from sales of real estate

​

​

26,319

​

​

(26,319)

​

​

—

​

​

—

Loss from operations before earnings from equity method investments and other items

​

​

(137,888)

​

​

(4,793)

​

​

37,121

​

​

(105,560)

Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

(31,058)(D)

​

​

(31,058)

Earnings (losses) from equity method investments

​

​

154,344

​

​

(83,458)

​

​

(54,343)(E)

​

​

16,543

Net income (loss) from operations before income taxes

​

​

16,456

​

​

(88,251)

​

​

(48,280)

​

​

(120,075)

Income tax benefit

​

​

118

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

118

Net income (loss) from operations

​

​

16,574

​

​

(88,251)

​

​

(48,280)

​

​

(119,957)

Net loss (income) from operations attributable to noncontrolling interests

​

​

75

​

​

(75)

​

​

—

​

​

—

Net income (loss) attributable to the Company

​

​

16,649

​

​

(88,326)

​

​

(48,280)

​

​

(119,957)

Preferred dividends

​

​

(23,496)

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

(23,496)

Net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders

​

$

(6,847)

​

$

(88,326)

​

$

(48,280)

​

$

(143,453)

Loss per share

​

$

(0.10)

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

(A)

Represents the operations of STAR’s legacy assets and liabilities that will be spun off to Star Holdings if not sold prior to the merger closing.

(B)

Interest income on the $100.0 million senior secured term loan originated by STAR to Star Holdings that bears interest at a fixed rate of 8.0% per annum.

(C)

Represents a reduction of interest expense attributable to $1.6 billion of STAR’s corporate debt obligations that will be repaid in contemplation of the merger.

(D)

Represents a loss on early extinguishment of debt attributable to $1.6 billion of STAR’s corporate debt obligations that will be repaid in contemplation of the merger.

(E)

Includes a loss of $3.1 million on the sale of SAFE common stock to MSD Capital representing the difference between the carrying value of $195.9 million and net proceeds of $193.5 million and realization of $0.7 million of unrealized AOCI losses and a loss of $51.2 million on the distribution of SAFE common stock in the form of a dividend to STAR shareholders (this item is nonrecurring in nature).

222

3. Transaction Accounting Adjustments

Transaction Accounting Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet

The transaction accounting adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2022 are as follows:

Acquisition accounting adjustments		Amount ($ in 000’s)
(a)	Represents the acquisition at fair value of net investment in leases.	​	$	295
(b)	Elimination of carrying value of Adjusted STAR investment in SAFE that will be retired in connection with the merger, using an assumed carrying value of $36.23 per share, which is the average carrying value of all shares of SAFE common stock held by STAR as of the date of the pro forma financial statements.	​	​	(479,396)
​	Represents the fair value adjustment to other investments for the acquisition by New SAFE of STAR’s interests in STAR’s ground lease plus fund and leasehold loan fund.	​	​	4
​	​	​	​	(479,392)
(c)	Payment of STAR and SAFE expensed transaction costs.	​	​	(36,395)
​	Drawdown on SAFE unsecured revolving credit facility to fund transaction expenses and pay cash consideration to STAR.	​	​	204,902
​	Payments to settle STAR’s outstanding Series D, G, and I preferred shares at each series’ liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, or $305 million in aggregate.	​	​	(305,000)
​	​	​	​	(136,493)
(d)	Represents the recording of the estimated goodwill created from the merger as described in Note 1.	​	​	163,485
(e)	Elimination of SAFE deferred fees as management agreement will be terminated in connection with the merger.	​	​	(8,881)
​	Adjustment to operating lease right-of-use assets acquired.	​	​	4,043
​	Fair value adjustment to deferred expenses and other assets acquired.	​	​	(1,439)
​	​	​	​	(6,277)
(f)	Payment of accrued transaction fees of STAR and SAFE.	​	​	(4,161)
​	Elimination of SAFE accrued management fees payable as management agreement will be terminated in connection with the merger.	​	​	(8,881)
​	Fair value adjustment to assumed iPIP obligations and other liabilities.	​	​	2,501
​	​	​	​	(10,541)
(g)	The drawdown on the SAFE unsecured revolving credit facility.	​	​	204,902
​	Represents the fair value adjustment of STAR’s debt assumed. SAFE assumes $100.0 million principal amount of trust preferred debt.	​	​	(8,388)
​	​	​	​	196,514
(h)	Represents the par value of preferred stock to be settled in the merger.	​	​	(12)
(i)	Adjustment to par value of common stock related to the issuance and recapitalization of equity in connection with the reverse acquisition.	​	​	(100)
(j)	Elimination of historical additional paid in capital of Adjusted STAR.	​	​	(3,096,418)
​	Represents settlement of outstanding Series D, G and I preferred stock at each series’ liquidation preference of $25.00 per share.	​	​	(282,478)
​	Represents the estimated stock purchase price, net of the adjustment to common stock in (i).	​	​	(35,085)
​	​	​	​	(3,413,981)

223

Acquisition accounting adjustments		Amount ($ in 000’s)
(k)	Elimination of the historical amount in retained earnings for Adjusted STAR.	​	2,800,898
​	Represents the expense of additional STAR and SAFE transaction costs that were not accrued as of September 30, 2022.	​	(32,234)
​	Premium above book value on settlement of preferred stock.	​	(22,510)
​	​	​	2,746,154
(l)	Represents the elimination of the historical amount in accumulated other comprehensive loss for Adjusted STAR.	​	1,596
(m)	Acquisition fair value adjustment to STAR’s noncontrolling interest relating to its iPIP equity plans.	​	21,988

Other Ancillary Adjustments		​
(n)	Cash portion of payments to settle STAR’s obligations under iPIP plans.	(22,122)
​	Represents the proceeds from the sale of Caret Units to third-party investors, which represent noncontrolling interests in a subsidiary of New SAFE.	4,500
​	Represents the net proceeds from the sale of Caret Units to MSD Capital, which represent noncontrolling interests in a subsidiary of New SAFE.	18,414
​	​	792
(o)	Settlement of STAR’s iPIP obligations under liability classified plans.	(48,540)
(p)	Issuance of common stock for settlement of STAR’s iPIP obligations.	25
(q)	Represents the impact to additional paid in capital from the acceleration of vesting of STAR’s long-term incentive plan awards.	2,820
​	Represents the impact to additional paid in capital in connection with the settlement of STAR’s iPIP obligations under its iPIP equity plans with 2.5 million shares of New Safe common stock.	66,300
​	​	69,120
(r)	Represents the impact to accumulated deficit from the acceleration of vesting of STAR’s long-term incentive plan awards.	(2,820)
​	Represents the impact to accumulated deficit from the acceleration of vesting of STAR’s long-term incentive plan awards.	(4,437)
​	Fees associated with the Caret amendment.	(828)
​	​	(8,085)
(s)	Settlement of STAR’s iPIP obligations.	(35,470)
​	Fees associated with the Caret amendment attributable to noncontrolling interests.	(172)
​	Represents the proceeds from the sale of Caret Units to third-party investors, which represent noncontrolling interests in a subsidiary of New SAFE.	4,500
​	Represents the net proceeds from the sale of Caret Units to MSD Capital, which represent noncontrolling interests in a subsidiary of New SAFE.	19,414
​	​	(11,728)

224

Transaction Accounting Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations

The Transaction Accounting Adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, are as follows:

Acquisition Accounting Adjustments		Amount $(in 000’s)
(aa)	Represents elimination of intercompany management fee earned by STAR from SAFE.	​	(14,950)
​	Represents revenue from the new management agreement with Star Holdings.	​	11,250
​	​	​	(3,700)
(bb)	Represents incremental interest expense based on fair value adjustment to debt obligations acquired.	​	360
(cc)	Represents elimination of intercompany management fee expense incurred by SAFE to STAR.	​	(14,950)
​	Adjustment to straight-line rent expense for corporate office leases.	​	635
​	​	​	(14,315)
(dd)	Represents elimination of earnings from equity method investments in SAFE.	​	(46,593)
​	Represents adjustment to earnings from equity method investments from purchase accounting adjustments.	​	343
​	​	​	(46,250)
(ee)	Represents the reversal of preferred dividends in contemplation of STAR’s cashing out its preferred stock in the merger.	​	17,622

Other Ancillary Transactions		​
(ff)	Represents accounting policy alignment to conform classification of interest income from sales-type leases, other expense and income tax expense to SAFE’s presentation.	​
(gg)	Represents incremental interest expense on $205 million draws from the Safe unsecured revolving credit facility. Assumes a borrowing rate of LIBOR plus 1.0%. For this purpose LIBOR was 3.14%, which represented the LIBOR rate as of September 30, 2022. A 0.125% change in LIBOR would increase or decrease interest expense by $0.2 million.	6,366
(hh)	The change in share count for earnings per share was attributable to shares issued as part of purchase consideration.	​

The Transaction Accounting Adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021, are as follows:

Acquisition Accounting Adjustments		Amount ($ in 000’s)
(ii)	Represents elimination of intercompany management fees between STAR and SAFE.	​	(14,866)
(jj)	Represents incremental interest expense based on fair value adjustment to debt obligations acquired.	​	458
(kk)	Represents elimination of intercompany management fees between STAR and SAFE.	​	(14,866)
​	Incremental lease cost for corporate office leases.	​	718
​	​	​	(14,148)
(ll)	Represents elimination of earnings from equity method investments in SAFE.	​	(13,402)
(mm)	Represents the reversal of preferred dividends in contemplation of cashing out STAR’s preferred stock in the merger.	​	23,496

225

Other Ancillary Transactions		​
(nn)	Represents accounting policy alignment to conform classification of interest income from sales-type leases and income tax expense to SAFE’s presentation.	​
(oo)	Represents $25.0 million of income from the new management agreement with Star Holdings.	25,000
(pp)	Represents incremental interest expense on $205 million draws from the SAFE unsecured revolving credit facility used to fund repayments of STAR’s corporate unsecured corporate debt. Assumes a borrowing rate of LIBOR plus 1.0%. For this purpose LIBOR was 3.14%, which represented the LIBOR rate as of September 30, 2022. A 0.125% change in LIBOR would increase or decrease interest expense by $0.3 million.	8,488
(qq)	Represents incremental expense of $2.8 million for the acceleration of awards issued under STAR’s long-term incentive program (this item is nonrecurring in nature).	2,820
​	Represents incremental expense of $4.4 million for the acceleration of awards issued under STAR’s iPIP program (this item is nonrecurring in nature).	4,437
​	​	7,257
(rr)	Represents transaction fees incurred by STAR and SAFE in connection with the merger (this item is nonrecurring in nature).	32,234
(ss)	Fees associated with the Caret amendment.	1,000
​	Represents accounting policy alignment to conform classification of other expense to SAFE’s presentation.	(118)
​	​	882
(tt)	Fees associated with the Caret amendment attributable to noncontrolling interests.	172
(uu)	The change in share count for earnings per share was attributable to shares issued as part of purchase consideration.	​

226

Annex A​

EXECUTION VERSION​

AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

by and between

SAFEHOLD INC.

and

iSTAR INC.

Dated as of August 10, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

​	​	Page
ARTICLE I MERGER		​	A-2
Section 1.1	SpinCo Reorganization and SpinCo Distribution	​	A-2
Section 1.2	Charter Amendments	​	A-2
Section 1.3	Merger	​	A-3
Section 1.4	Closing	​	A-3
Section 1.5	Post-Closing Governance	​	A-4
Section 1.6	Tax Consequences	​	A-4
ARTICLE II TREATMENT OF SECURITIES		​	A-4
Section 2.1	Treatment of Securities	​	A-4
Section 2.2	Exchange of Certificates	​	A-5
Section 2.3	Further Assurances	​	A-8
Section 2.4	Treatment of Safe Equity Awards	​	A-8
Section 2.5	Treatment of Star Equity Awards	​	A-8
Section 2.6	Adjustments to Prevent Dilution	​	A-9
Section 2.7	No Dissenters’ Rights	​	A-9
ARTICLE III REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF SAFE		​	A-9
Section 3.1	Organization, Standing and Power	​	A-9
Section 3.2	Capital Structure	​	A-9
Section 3.3	Authority; No Violation	​	A-10
Section 3.4	SEC Documents; Financial Statements; No Undisclosed Liabilities	​	A-11
Section 3.5	Information Supplied	​	A-12
Section 3.6	Absence of Certain Changes	​	A-12
Section 3.7	Board Approval	​	A-13
Section 3.8	Vote Required	​	A-13
Section 3.9	Brokers or Finders	​	A-13
Section 3.10	Opinion of Safe Special Committee Financial Advisor	​	A-13
Section 3.11	No Additional Representations	​	A-13
ARTICLE IV REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF STAR		​	A-13
Section 4.1	Organization, Standing and Power	​	A-13
Section 4.2	Capital Structure	​	A-14
Section 4.3	Authority; No Violation	​	A-15
Section 4.4	SEC Documents; Financial Statements; No Undisclosed Liabilities	​	A-16
Section 4.5	Information Supplied	​	A-17
Section 4.6	Compliance with Laws	​	A-17
Section 4.7	Legal Proceedings	​	A-17
Section 4.8	Taxes	​	A-18
Section 4.9	Material Contracts	​	A-19
Section 4.10	Benefit Plans	​	A-20
Section 4.11	Employment and Labor Matters	​	A-21

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​	​	Page
Section 4.12	Absence of Certain Changes	​	A-22
Section 4.13	Board Approval	​	A-22
Section 4.14	Vote Required	​	A-22
Section 4.15	Properties; Loans	​	A-22
Section 4.16	Environmental Matters	​	A-24
Section 4.17	Intellectual Property, Rights Information Technology and Data Security	​	A-25
Section 4.18	Permits	​	A-25
Section 4.19	Insurance	​	A-25
Section 4.20	Brokers or Finders	​	A-26
Section 4.21	Opinion of Star Special Committee Financial Advisor	​	A-26
Section 4.22	No Additional Representations	​	A-26
ARTICLE V COVENANTS RELATING TO CONDUCT OF BUSINESS		​	A-26
Section 5.1	Covenants of Safe	​	A-26
Section 5.2	Covenants of Star	​	A-29
ARTICLE VI ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS		​	A-34
Section 6.1	Preparation of Joint Proxy Statement; Stockholders Meetings	​	A-34
Section 6.2	Access to Information	​	A-35
Section 6.3	Efforts	​	A-36
Section 6.4	Non-Solicitation; Change in Recommendation	​	A-37
Section 6.5	Listing of Shares	​	A-40
Section 6.6	Fees and Expenses	​	A-40
Section 6.7	Indemnification and D&O Insurance	​	A-40
Section 6.8	Assistance to Safe	​	A-41
Section 6.9	Dividends	​	A-42
Section 6.10	Public Announcements	​	A-42
Section 6.11	Tax Matters	​	A-42
Section 6.12	Financing Cooperation, Debt Assumption and Debt Repayment	​	A-42
Section 6.13	Transaction Litigation	​	A-44
Section 6.14	Delisting	​	A-44
Section 6.15	Rule 16b-3 Matters	​	A-44
Section 6.16	SpinCo Reorganization and Distribution	​	A-44
Section 6.17	Management Transactions	​	A-45
Section 6.18	Investment Syndication	​	A-46
ARTICLE VII CONDITIONS PRECEDENT		​	A-46
Section 7.1	Conditions to Each Party’s Obligation	​	A-46
Section 7.2	Conditions to Obligations of Safe	​	A-46
Section 7.3	Conditions to Obligations of Star	​	A-47
ARTICLE VIII TERMINATION		​	A-48
Section 8.1	Termination	​	A-48
Section 8.2	Effect of Termination	​	A-50

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​	​	Page
ARTICLE IX GENERAL PROVISIONS		​	A-52
Section 9.1	Survival	​	A-52
Section 9.2	The Special Committees	​	A-52
Section 9.3	Amendment; Waiver	​	A-52
Section 9.4	Notices	​	A-52
Section 9.5	Interpretation	​	A-53
Section 9.6	Counterparts	​	A-54
Section 9.7	Entire Agreement; No Third-Party Beneficiaries	​	A-54
Section 9.8	Severability	​	A-54
Section 9.9	Assignment	​	A-54
Section 9.10	Governing Law	​	A-54
Section 9.11	Submission to Jurisdiction	​	A-54
Section 9.12	Enforcement	​	A-55
Section 9.13	WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL	​	A-55
ARTICLE X DEFINITIONS		​	A-55
Section 10.1	Certain Definitions	​	A-55
Section 10.2	Terms Defined Elsewhere	​	A-64

Exhibit A	Separation and Distribution Agreement
Exhibit B	Governance Agreement
Exhibit C	Registration Rights Agreement
Exhibit D	Star Charter Amendment
Schedule I	SpinCo Reorganization and SpinCo Distribution Steps
Schedule II	Internalization Agreement
Schedule III	Internalization Steps Plan
Schedule IV	Reverse Management Agreement
Schedule V	Sample Star Share Consolidation Ratio Calculation

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AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

This AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER, dated as of August 10, 2022 (this “Agreement”), is by and between iStar Inc., a Maryland corporation (“Star”), and Safehold Inc., a Maryland corporation (“Safe”). Star and Safe are each sometimes referred to herein as a “Party” and collectively as the “Parties.”

WHEREAS, the Parties intend that prior to the Charter Amendment Effective Time and the Effective Time, Star will, and will cause its applicable Subsidiaries to, consummate the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution;

WHEREAS, following the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution, and immediately prior to the Merger, the Parties intend for the charter of Star to be amended (the “Charter Amendment”) to effect a consolidation of each share of Star Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Charter Amendment Effective Time, by means of a reverse stock split (the “Reverse Split”), into that number of shares of Star Common Stock equal to the Star Share Consolidation Ratio and further amended (the “Par Value Charter Amendment” ) to change the par value per share of Star Common Stock following the Reverse Split to $0.01 per share of Star Common Stock (the “Par Value Change”);

WHEREAS, following the Reverse Split and the Par Value Change, the Parties intend to effect a business combination through the Merger of Safe with and into Star, with Star being the surviving corporation of the Merger, pursuant to which each share of Safe Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, other than Excluded Shares, shall be converted into the right to receive one (1) newly issued share of Star Common Stock (the “Common Stock Merger Consideration”), as more fully described in this Agreement and on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;

WHEREAS, a special committee of independent directors of the Board of Directors of Safe (the “Safe Special Committee”) has unanimously (i) determined that this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, are advisable and in the best interests of Safe and (ii) recommended to the Board of Directors of Safe that it approve and declare advisable this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of Safe, acting upon the recommendation of the Safe Special Committee, has approved this Agreement and declared this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, to be advisable and in the best interests of Safe, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;

WHEREAS, a special committee of independent directors of the Board of Directors of Star (the “Star Special Committee”) has unanimously (i) determined that this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution and the Star Stock Issuance, are advisable and in the best interests of Star and (ii) recommended to the Board of Directors of Star that it approve and declare advisable this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution and the Star Stock Issuance, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of Star, acting upon the recommendation of the Star Special Committee, has approved this Agreement and declared this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution and the Star Stock Issuance, to be advisable and in the best interests of Star, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;

WHEREAS, Star has entered into a voting agreement with Safe (the “Voting Agreement”), which provides, among other things, for the voting of its shares of Safe Common Stock in accordance with the terms thereof; and

WHEREAS, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (i) it is intended that the Merger will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended

(the “Code”), and (ii) this Agreement is intended to be and hereby is adopted as a “plan of reorganization” within the meaning of Section 354 and Section 361 of the Code.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the respective representations, warranties, covenants and agreements set forth in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which is hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I
MERGER

Section 1.1   SpinCo Reorganization and SpinCo Distribution.

(a)   SpinCo Reorganization and SpinCo Distribution.   Prior to the Charter Amendment Effective Time, Star shall, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to, consummate the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution substantially in accordance with the provisions of Schedule I hereto and the separation and distribution agreement substantially in the form attached as Exhibit A hereto (the “Separation and Distribution Agreement”).

(b)   After the SpinCo Distribution and effective upon the Effective Time, SpinCo and Star will enter into a governance agreement substantially in the form attached as Exhibit B hereto (the “Governance Agreement”) and a registration rights agreement substantially in the form attached as Exhibit C hereto (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), which each provide, among other things, for certain post-Closing matters.

Section 1.2   Charter Amendments.

(a)   Charter Amendment.   Upon the terms and subject to satisfaction or waiver (subject to applicable Law) of the conditions set forth in this Agreement, and in accordance with the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”), at the Charter Amendment Effective Time, the charter of Star shall be amended by the filing of the duly executed Charter Amendment, in the form of Exhibit D-1, with the State Department of Assessment and Taxation of the State of Maryland (the “SDAT”) in accordance with the MGCL. The Charter Amendment shall become effective at the effective time set forth therein, which the Parties intend to be immediately prior to the Par Value Charter Amendment Effective Time (the effective time of the Charter Amendment is referred to as the “Charter Amendment Effective Time”).

(b)   Reverse Split.   At the Charter Amendment Effective Time, by virtue of the Charter Amendment and without any action on the part of Safe, Star or the holders of any shares of capital stock of Safe or Star, the Reverse Split shall be effected pursuant to the Charter Amendment whereby each share of Star Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Charter Amendment Effective Time shall be consolidated into a fraction of a share of Star Common Stock equal to the Star Share Consolidation Ratio.

(c)   No Fractional Shares.   In the event that, as a result of the Reverse Split, a holder of Star Common Stock would hold a fractional share of Star Common Stock (after aggregating all fractional shares that would be held by such stockholder after giving effect to the Reverse Split), such stockholder’s fractional share shall be sold, and the proceeds therefrom remitted to such stockholder, as follows: As promptly as practicable following the Charter Amendment Effective Time, Star’s existing transfer agent or another transfer agent designated by Star (the “Transfer Agent”) shall determine the aggregate number of shares of Star Common Stock comprising the fractional shares of Star Common Stock to be sold pursuant to this Section 1.2(c) (such excess shares being herein referred to as the “Excess Shares”). As promptly as practicable following the Charter Amendment Effective Time, the Transfer Agent, as agent for such stockholders (the “Existing Star Holders”), shall sell the Excess Shares at then-prevailing prices on the NYSE, all in the manner provided herein. The sale of the Excess Shares by the Transfer Agent shall be executed on the NYSE and shall be executed in round lots to the extent practicable. Until the net proceeds of any such sale or sales have been distributed to Existing Star Holders, the Transfer Agent shall hold such proceeds in trust for such Existing Star Holders. The net proceeds of any such sale or sales of Excess Shares shall be remitted to Existing Star Holders, reduced by any and all commissions,

A-2

transfer taxes and other out-of-pocket transaction costs, as well as any expenses of the Transfer Agent incurred in connection with such sale or sales. The Transfer Agent shall determine the portion of such net proceeds to which each Existing Star Holder shall be entitled, if any, by multiplying the amount of the aggregate net proceeds by a fraction, the numerator of which is the amount of the fractional share interest to which such Existing Star Holder would otherwise be entitled (after taking into account all shares of Star Common Stock held by such Existing Star Holder immediately prior to the effectuation of the Reverse Split and rounded to the nearest thousandth when expressed in decimal form) and the denominator of which is the aggregate number of Excess Shares. As soon as practicable after the determination of the amount of cash, if any, to be remitted to Existing Star Holders with respect to any fractional share interests, the Transfer Agent shall promptly remit such amounts to such holders subject to and in accordance with the foregoing. No dividends or other distributions with respect to Star Common Stock shall be payable on or with respect to any such fractional share interest, and such fractional share interests shall not entitle the owner thereof to vote or to any other rights of a holder of Star Common Stock. The remittance of cash proceeds from the sale of such fractional shares of Star Common Stock is not a separately bargained-for consideration and solely represents a mechanical rounding-off of the fractions as a result of the Reverse Split. From and after the Charter Amendment Effective Time, certificates that represented shares of Star Common Stock prior to the Charter Amendment Effective Time shall, until presented for exchange, represent only the number of shares of Star Common Stock into which such shares were combined pursuant to the Reverse Split.

(d)   Par Value Change.   Immediately after the Charter Amendment Effective Time, the charter of Star shall be amended by the filing of the duly executed Par Value Charter Amendment, in the form of Exhibit D-2, with the SDAT in accordance with the MGCL. The Par Value Charter Amendment shall become effective at the effective time set forth therein, which the Parties intend to be immediately prior to the Effective Time (the effective time of the Par Value Charter Amendment is referred to as the “Par Value Charter Amendment Effective Time” ). At the Par Value Effective Time by virtue of the Par Value Charter Amendment and without any action on the part of Safe, Star or the holders of any share of capital stock of Safe or Star, the Par Value Change Split shall be effected pursuant to the Par Value Charter Amendment whereby the par value of each share of Star Common Stock outstanding immediately following the Par Value Charter Amendment Effective Time shall be $0.01 per share.

Section 1.3   Merger.

(a)   Merger.   Upon the terms and subject to satisfaction or waiver (subject to applicable Law) of the conditions set forth in this Agreement, and in accordance with the MGCL, at the Effective Time, Safe shall be merged with and into Star (the “Merger”). As a result of the Merger, the separate existence of Safe shall cease, and Star shall continue as the surviving corporation of the Merger (the “Surviving Corporation”). The Merger will have the effects provided in this Agreement and as specified in the MGCL.

(b)   Effective Time.   The Parties shall cause the Merger to be consummated by filing as soon as practicable on the Closing Date articles of merger for the Merger with the SDAT, in such form as required by, and executed in accordance with, the relevant provisions of the MGCL (the “Articles of Merger”). The Merger shall become effective at the time when the Articles of Merger have been accepted for record by the SDAT or at such later time as may be agreed by the Parties in writing and specified in the Articles of Merger (not to exceed 30 days from filing) (the date and time the Merger becomes effective being the “Effective Time”).

Section 1.4   Closing.   The closing of the Merger (the “Closing”) will take place remotely by the exchange of documents by electronic transmission on the third Business Day after the satisfaction or waiver (to the extent permitted by applicable Law) of the conditions set forth in Article VII (other than the conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver (to the extent permitted by applicable Law) of those conditions at the Closing), or such other time or place is agreed to in writing by the Parties (the date on which the Closing occurs, the “Closing Date”).

A-3

Section 1.5   Post-Closing Governance.

(a)   Name.   Effective as of the Effective Time, Star shall cause (i) the name of Star to be changed to “Safehold Inc.” and (ii) the ticker symbol of the Surviving Corporation to be “SAFE”.

(b)   Articles and Bylaws.   At the Effective Time, the charter of Star as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be amended and restated pursuant to the Articles of Merger to be in the form of the charter of Safe as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time,and as so amended, shall be the charter of the Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended as provided therein or by applicable Law; provided, however, that the name of the Surviving Corporation will be amended to be “Safehold Inc.” At the Effective Time, the bylaws of Star as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the bylaws of the Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended as provided therein or by applicable Law; provided, however, that at the Effective Time the bylaws of Star will be amended so that the name of the Surviving Corporation will be “Safehold Inc.”

(c)   Officers of the Surviving Corporation.   From and after the Effective Time, and until such time their successors have been duly appointed and qualified or until their earlier death, resignation or removal in accordance with the Organizational Documents of the Surviving Corporation, the officers of Star as of immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the officers of the Surviving Corporation.

(d)   Directors of the Surviving Corporation.   From and after the Effective Time, and until such time their successors have been duly elected and qualify or until their earlier death, resignation or removal in accordance with the Organizational Documents of the Surviving Corporation, the Board of Directors of the Surviving Corporation shall consist of a total of seven (7) directors, three (3) of whom shall be designated by Star and four (4) of whom shall be designated by Safe.

(e)   Necessary Actions.   Prior to the Closing, the Board of Directors of Star shall duly adopt resolutions and Star shall take all other such actions as are necessary to give effect to this Section 1.5.

Section 1.6   Tax Consequences.   It is intended that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Merger will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, and that this Agreement is intended to be, and is adopted as, a “plan of reorganization” for purposes of Sections 354 and 361 of the Code.

ARTICLE II
TREATMENT OF SECURITIES

Section 2.1   Treatment of Securities.

(a)   Treatment of Safe Common Stock.   At the Effective Time, as a result of the Merger and without any action on the part of the Parties or any holder of any shares of capital stock of Star or Safe, each share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Safe (the “Safe Common Stock”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, other than shares of Safe Common Stock owned directly by Star or any of the wholly-owned Subsidiaries of Star or Safe and in each case not held on behalf of third parties (such excluded shares, the “Excluded Shares” and such eligible shares, the “Eligible Shares”), shall be automatically converted into the right to receive the Common Stock Merger Consideration. For the avoidance of doubt, shares of Safe Common Stock held by SpinCo and its Subsidiaries shall be Eligible Shares. The parties hereto agree that the one-for-one exchange ratio and the Common Stock Merger Consideration were determined assuming that the Reverse Split shall have occurred prior to the Merger.

(b)   Cancellation of Excluded Shares.   At the Effective Time, as a result of the Merger and without any action on the part of the Parties or any holder of any shares of capital stock of Safe or Star, each Excluded Share issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall cease to be outstanding, be cancelled without payment of any consideration therefor and shall cease to exist.

(c)   Star Common Stock.   At the Effective Time, each share of Star Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately following the Par Value Charter Amendment and immediately prior to the Effective Time shall remain outstanding as a share of capital stock of the Surviving Corporation and shall not be affected by the Merger.

A-4

(d)   Star Preferred Stock.

(i)   At the Effective Time, each share of Star Series D Preferred Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be automatically converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to $25.00 plus the aggregate amount of all accrued and unpaid dividends on such share of Star Series D Preferred Stock as of the Effective Time (the “Star Series D Preferred Stock Merger Consideration”).

(ii)   At the Effective Time, each share of Star Series G Preferred Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall automatically be converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to $25.00 plus the aggregate amount of all accrued and unpaid dividends on such share of Star Series G Preferred Stock as of the Effective Time (the “Star Series G Preferred Stock Merger Consideration”).

(iii)   At the Effective Time, each share of Star Series I Preferred Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall automatically be converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to $25.00 plus the aggregate amount of all accrued and unpaid dividends on such share of Star Series I Preferred Stock as of the Effective Time (the “Star Series I Preferred Stock Merger Consideration,” and together with the Star Series D Preferred Stock Merger Consideration and the Star Series G Preferred Stock Merger Consideration, the “Preferred Stock Merger Consideration,” and the Preferred Stock Merger Consideration together with the Common Stock Merger Consideration, the “Merger Consideration”).

(e)   Conversion of Safe Common Stock and Star Preferred Stock.   As a result of the Merger and without any action on the part of the Parties or any holder of any shares of capital stock of Safe or Star, as of the Effective Time, all of the Eligible Shares and the Star Preferred Stock shall no longer be outstanding and shall be automatically cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist, and each evidence of shares in book-entry form previously evidencing any of the Eligible Shares and Star Preferred Stock immediately prior to the Effective Time (the “Book-Entry Shares”) and each certificate previously representing any Eligible Shares and Star Preferred Stock immediately prior to the Effective Time (the “Certificates”) shall thereafter represent only the right to receive the applicable Merger Consideration into which such Eligible Shares and Star Preferred Stock have been converted pursuant to Section 2.1(a) and 2.1(e) and any dividends or other distributions pursuant to Section 2.2(c) or Section 6.9(c).

Section 2.2   Exchange of Certificates.

(a)   Exchange Agent.   Prior to Effective Time, Star shall deposit or shall cause to be deposited with a nationally recognized financial institution or trust company selected by Star and reasonably acceptable to Safe to serve as the exchange agent (the “Exchange Agent”), for the benefit of the holders of Eligible Shares and the Star Preferred Stock, (i) an aggregate number of shares of Star Common Stock to be issued in uncertificated or book-entry form comprising the number of shares of Star Common Stock required to be issued as the Merger Consideration pursuant to Section 2.1(a) and (ii) an aggregate amount of cash comprising the Preferred Stock Merger Consideration. In addition, Star shall deposit or cause to be deposited with the Exchange Agent, as necessary from time to time after the Effective Time, any dividends or other distributions, if any, to which the holders of Eligible Shares may be entitled pursuant to Section 2.2(c) with both a record and payment date after the Effective Time and prior to the surrender of such Eligible Shares or pursuant to Section 6.9(c). Such shares of Star Common Stock, Preferred Stock Merger Consideration and the amount of any dividends or other distributions deposited with the Exchange Agent pursuant to this Section 2.2(a) are referred to collectively in this Agreement as the “Exchange Fund.” The Exchange Fund shall not be used for any purpose other than for the purpose provided for in this Agreement.

(b)   Exchange Procedures.

(i)   Promptly after the Effective Time (and in any event within five Business Days thereafter), the Surviving Corporation shall cause the Exchange Agent to mail to each holder of record of Eligible Shares and Star Preferred Stock notice advising such holders of the effectiveness of the Merger, including (A) appropriate transmittal materials specifying that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the Certificates or Book-Entry Shares shall pass, only upon delivery of

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the Certificates (or affidavits of loss in lieu of the Certificates, as provided in Section 2.2(g)) or transfer of the Book-Entry Shares to the Exchange Agent (including customary provisions with respect to delivery of an “agent’s message” with respect to Book-Entry Shares) (the “Letter of Transmittal”), and (B) instructions for surrendering the Certificates (or affidavits of loss in lieu of the Certificates, as provided in Section 2.2(g)) or transferring the Book-Entry Shares to the Exchange Agent in exchange for the applicable Merger Consideration, cash in lieu of fractional shares of Star Common Stock, if any, to be issued or paid in consideration therefor, and any dividends or distributions, in each case, to which such holders are entitled pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. With respect to holders of Book-Entry Shares, the Parties shall cooperate to establish procedures with the Exchange Agent to allow the Exchange Agent to promptly transmit, following the Effective Time, to such holders or their nominees, upon surrender of Eligible Shares, the applicable Merger Consideration, cash in lieu of fractional shares of Star Common Stock, if any, to be issued or paid in consideration therefor, and any dividends or other distributions, in each case, to which such holders are entitled pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.

(ii)   Upon surrender to the Exchange Agent of Eligible Shares or Star Preferred Stock that are represented by Certificates, by physical surrender of such Certificate (or affidavit of loss in lieu of a Certificate, as provided in Section 2.2(g)) or that are Book-Entry Shares, by book-receipt of an “agent’s message” by the Exchange Agent in connection with the transfer of Book-Entry Shares, in accordance with the terms of the Letter of Transmittal and accompanying instructions or, with respect to Book-Entry Shares, in accordance with customary procedures and such other procedures as agreed by the Surviving Corporation and the Exchange Agent, the holder of such Certificate or Book-Entry Share shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor (A) in the case of Eligible Shares, (1) that number of whole shares of Star Common Stock that such holder is entitled to receive pursuant to Section 2.1(a) and (2) an amount (if any) in immediately available funds (or, if no wire transfer instructions are provided, a check, and in each case, after giving effect to any required Tax withholdings as provided in Section 2.2(h)) of (1) any cash in lieu of fractional shares payable pursuant to Section 2.2(g)plus (2) any unpaid non-stock dividends and any other dividends or other distributions that such holder has the right to receive pursuant to Section 2.2(c) or Section 6.9(c) and (B) in the case of Star Preferred Stock, an amount in immediately available funds (or, if no wire transfer instructions are provided, a check) in an amount equal to the aggregate Preferred Stock Merger Consideration that such holder is entitled to receive pursuant to Section 2.1(c).

(iii)   No interest will be paid or accrued on any amount payable upon due surrender of Eligible Shares or Star Preferred Stock, and any Certificate or ledger entry relating to Book-Entry Shares formerly representing shares of Safe Common Stock or Star Preferred Stock that have been so surrendered shall be cancelled by the Exchange Agent.

(iv)   In the event of a transfer of ownership of certificated Eligible Shares or Star Preferred Stock that is not registered in the transfer records of Safe or Star, as applicable, prior to the Effective Time, the applicable Merger Consideration, together with an amount (if any) in immediately available funds (or, if no wire transfer instructions are provided, a check, and in each case, after giving effect to any required Tax withholdings as provided in Section 2.2(h)) of cash to be paid upon due surrender of the Certificate and any dividends or other distributions in respect thereof, may be issued or paid to such a transferee if the Certificate formerly representing such Eligible Shares is presented to the Exchange Agent, accompanied by all documents required to evidence and effect such transfer and to evidence that any applicable stock transfer Taxes have been paid or are not applicable, in each case, in form and substance, reasonably satisfactory to the Exchange Agent and the Surviving Corporation. Payment of the Merger Consideration with respect to Book-Entry Shares shall only be made to the Person in whose name such Book-Entry Shares are registered in the stock transfer books of Safe or Star, as applicable. Until surrendered as contemplated by this Section 2.2(b), each Certificate and Book-Entry Share shall be deemed at any time at or after the Effective Time to represent only the right to receive the applicable Merger Consideration in accordance with this Article II, and any dividends or other distributions in accordance with Section 2.2(c) or Section 6.9(c), in each case without interest.

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(c)   Distributions with Respect to Unexchanged Shares.   All shares of Star Common Stock to be issued as Common Stock Merger Consideration shall be deemed issued and outstanding as of the Effective Time and whenever a dividend or other distribution is declared by Star in respect of Star Common Stock, the record date for which is after the Effective Time, that declaration shall include dividends or other distributions in respect of all shares of Star Common Stock issuable as Merger Consideration pursuant to this Agreement. No dividends or other distributions in respect of Star Common Stock shall be paid to any holder of any unsurrendered Eligible Share until the Certificate (or affidavit of loss in lieu of the Certificate as provided in Section 2.2(g)) or Book-Entry Share representing such Eligible Share is surrendered for exchange in accordance with this Article II. Subject to applicable Laws, following such surrender, there shall be issued or paid to the holder of record of the whole shares of Star Common Stock issued as Common Stock Merger Consideration in exchange for Eligible Shares in accordance with this Article II, without interest, (i) at the time of such surrender, the dividends or other distributions with a record date after the Effective Time theretofore payable with respect to such whole shares of Star Common Stock and not paid and (ii) at the appropriate payment date, the dividends or other distributions payable with respect to such whole shares of Star Common Stock with a record date after the Effective Time but with a payment date subsequent to surrender.

(d)   Transfers.   From and after the Effective Time, there shall be no transfers on the stock transfer books of Safe of the shares of Safe Common Stock or Star of the shares of Star Preferred Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. From and after the Effective Time, the holders of Certificates or Book-Entry Shares outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall cease to have any rights with respect to such shares of Safe Common Stock or Star Preferred Stock, as applicable, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement or by applicable Law. If, after the Effective Time, Certificates or Book-Entry Shares are presented to the Surviving Corporation for any reason, they shall be cancelled and exchanged as provided in this Agreement.

(e)   Termination of Exchange Fund.   Any portion of the Exchange Fund that remains undistributed to holders of Eligible Shares for nine months after the Effective Time shall be delivered to the Surviving Corporation, upon demand, and any former stockholders of Safe who have not theretofore complied with this Article II shall thereafter look only to the Surviving Corporation for delivery of any shares of Star Common Stock and any payment of cash and any dividends and other distributions in respect thereof payable or issuable pursuant to Section 2.1(a), Section 2.1(c), Section 2.2(c), Section 2.2(e) and Section 6.9(c), in each case, without any interest thereon.

(f)   No Liability.   Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, none of the Surviving Corporation, the Exchange Agent or any other Person shall be liable to any former holder of shares of Safe Common Stock for any amount properly delivered to a public official pursuant to applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar Laws. Any portion of the Exchange Fund that remains undistributed to the holders of Eligible Shares immediately prior to the time at which the Exchange Fund would otherwise escheat to, or become property of, any Governmental Entity, shall, to the extent permitted by Law, become the property of the Surviving Corporation, free and clear of all claims or interest of any Person previously entitled thereto.

(g)   Lost Certificates.   If any Certificate shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the Person claiming such Certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed and, if requested by Star, the posting by such Person of a bond, in such reasonable amount as Star may direct, as indemnity against any claim that may be made against it with respect to such Certificate, the Exchange Agent (or, if subsequent to the termination of the Exchange Fund and subject to Section 2.2(e), the Surviving Corporation) shall deliver, in exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificate, the shares of Star Common Stock or cash into which the shares of Safe Common Stock or Star Preferred Stock represented by such Certificate were converted pursuant to Section 2.1(a) or Section 2.1(c), any cash in lieu of fractional shares and any dividends and other distributions deliverable in respect thereof pursuant to this Agreement.

(h)   Withholding.   Each of Star, Safe, the Exchange Agent and the Surviving Corporation shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the consideration otherwise payable pursuant to this Agreement such amounts as it is required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such payment

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under the Code or any other applicable Tax Law. To the extent that amounts are so deducted or withheld by Star, Safe, the Exchange Agent or the Surviving Corporation, such withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the Person in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made.

Section 2.3   Further Assurances.   If at any time following the Effective Time the Surviving Corporation shall consider or be advised that any deeds, bills of sale, assignments or assurances or any other acts or things are necessary, desirable or proper (a) to vest, perfect or confirm, of record or otherwise, in the Surviving Corporation its right, title or interest in, to or under any of the rights, privileges, powers, franchises, properties or assets of any Party, or (b) otherwise to carry out the purposes of this Agreement, the Surviving Corporation and its proper officers and directors or their designees shall be authorized to execute and deliver, in the name and on behalf of any Party, all such deeds, bills of sale, assignments and assurances and to do, in the name and on behalf of any such Person, all such other acts and things as may be necessary, desirable or proper to vest, perfect or confirm the Surviving Corporation’s right, title or interest in, to or under any of the rights, privileges, powers, franchises, properties or assets of such Party and otherwise to carry out the purposes of this Agreement.

Section 2.4   Treatment of Safe Equity Awards.

(a)   Safe Restricted Stock Units.   As of the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the Parties or any holders thereof, each award of restricted stock units with respect to Safe Common Stock granted under the Safe Equity Plan (each, a “Safe Restricted Stock Unit”) that is outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be assumed by Star and shall be converted into a Star Restricted Stock Unit (which, for the avoidance of doubt, will not be adjusted pursuant to Section 2.5) with respect to a number of whole shares of Star Common Stock (rounded to the nearest whole share) equal to the number of shares of Safe Common Stock subject to such Safe Restricted Stock Unit as of immediately prior to the Effective Time. Except as otherwise provided in this Section 2.4(a), each Safe Restricted Stock Unit assumed and converted into a Star Restricted Stock Unit pursuant to this Section 2.4(a) shall continue to have, and shall be subject to, the same terms and conditions as applied to the corresponding Safe Restricted Stock Unit as of immediately prior to the Effective Time (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the right to have shares of Star Common Stock withheld to satisfy any tax liabilities associated with the vesting of such Star Restricted Stock Units); provided, that, to the extent any such amount relates to a Safe Restricted Stock Unit that is nonqualified deferred compensation subject to Section 409A of the Code, the Surviving Corporation shall pay such amounts following the Closing Date at the earliest time permitted under the terms of the applicable agreement, plan or arrangement relating to such Safe Restricted Stock Unit that shall not trigger a Tax or penalty under Section 409A of the Code.

(b)   Safe Actions.   Prior to the Effective Time, Safe shall take such actions as are necessary to provide for the treatment of the Safe Equity Awards as contemplated by this Section 2.4.

(c)   Plans and Awards Assumed by Star; Star Actions.   At the Effective Time, Star shall assume all obligations in respect of the Safe Equity Plan, including each outstanding Safe Equity Award. Star shall take all corporate action necessary to reserve for issuance a number of authorized but unissued shares of Star Common Stock for delivery upon settlement or vesting of the Star Restricted Stock Units in accordance with this Section 2.4. If registration of any plan interests in the Safe Equity Plan or the shares of Star Common Stock issuable thereunder is required under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), on the Closing Date, Star shall promptly file a registration statement on Form S-8 (or any successor or other appropriate form) with respect to the shares of Star Common Stock subject to such awards.

Section 2.5   Treatment of Star Equity Awards.   As of the Charter Amendment Effective Time, by virtue of the Charter Amendment and without any action on the part of the holders thereof, each award of restricted stock units with respect to Star Common Stock (each, a “Star Restricted Stock Unit”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be adjusted to correspond to a number of shares of Star Common Stock (rounded to the nearest whole share) equal to the product obtained by multiplying (i) the number of shares of Star Common Stock subject to such Star Restricted Stock Units as of immediately prior to the Charter Amendment Effective Time by (ii) the Star Share Consolidation Ratio.

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Except as otherwise provided in this Section 2.5, each Star Restricted Stock Unit adjusted pursuant to this Section 2.5 shall continue to have, and shall be subject to, all the terms and conditions of the governing plan and award agreement as of immediately prior to the Charter Amendment Effective Time, and shall not otherwise be affected by the Merger.

Section 2.6   Adjustments to Prevent Dilution.   If, at any time during the period between the date of this Agreement and the Effective Time, there is a change in the number of issued and outstanding shares of Safe Common Stock or shares of Star Common Stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into shares of Safe Common Stock or shares of Star Common Stock, in each case, as a result of a reclassification, stock split (including any reverse stock split other than the Reverse Split), stock dividend or stock distribution, recapitalization, merger, subdivision or other similar transaction, then any number or amount contained herein (including any exchange ratio) which is based upon the number of shares of Star Common Stock or Safe Common Stock, as the case may be, shall be equitably adjusted to provide the holders of Eligible Shares and Star with the same economic effect as contemplated by this Agreement prior to such event.

Section 2.7   No Dissenters’ Rights.   No dissenters’ or appraisal rights shall be available with respect to the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment or the Merger.

ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF SAFE

Except (x) as set forth in the applicable section or subsection of the disclosure letter delivered to Star by Safe immediately prior to the execution of this Agreement (the “Safe Disclosure Letter”) (it being understood that any matter disclosed pursuant to any section or subsection of the Safe Disclosure Letter shall be deemed to be disclosed for all purposes of this Article III as long as the relevance of such disclosure to the other Sections or sub-Sections of this Article III is reasonably apparent on the face of such disclosure) or (y) as disclosed in the Safe SEC Documents filed with the SEC since December 31, 2019 and publicly available prior to the date hereof (other than disclosures in any “risk factors” or “forward looking statements” sections of such reports or any other disclosures in such reports to the extent they are predictive or forward-looking in nature), Safe hereby represents and warrants to Star as follows:

Section 3.1   Organization, Standing and Power.

(a)   Safe is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Maryland and has requisite corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business as presently conducted. Each Subsidiary of Safe is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization and has requisite corporate, partnership or limited liability company (as the case may be) power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business as presently conducted, except where the failure to be so organized, validly existing or in good standing, or to have such power or authority, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Safe Material Adverse Effect. Safe and each of its Subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign corporation or other entity to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction where the ownership, leasing or operation of its properties or assets or the nature of its activities makes such qualification necessary, except for such failures to be so qualified as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Safe Material Adverse Effect.

Section 3.2   Capital Structure.

(a)   As of the date hereof, the authorized capital stock of Safe consists of 400,000,000 shares of Safe Common Stock and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Safe Preferred Stock”). As of the close of business on August 10, 2022 (the “Safe Capitalization Date”), (i) 62,187,433 shares of Safe Common Stock were issued and outstanding (including 10,000 shares underlying Safe Restricted Stock Units), (ii) no shares of Safe Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, (iii) 698,500 shares of Safe Common Stock were reserved for issuance under the Safe Equity Plan and (iv) no shares of Safe capital stock were held by any Subsidiaries of Safe. All the outstanding shares of Safe Common Stock are, and all shares of Safe Common Stock that may be issued prior to the Effective Time

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shall be, when issued in accordance with the respective terms thereof, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and free of pre-emptive rights.

(b)   Except as set forth in Section 3.2(a), as of the date hereof: there are no outstanding subscriptions, options, warrants, puts, calls, exchangeable or convertible securities or other similar rights, agreements or commitments relating to the issuance of capital stock or other equity interests to which Safe or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or otherwise bound obligating Safe or any of its Subsidiaries to (i) issue, transfer or sell any shares of capital stock or other equity interests of Safe or any of its Subsidiaries or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such shares or equity interests (in each case other than to Safe or a wholly owned Subsidiary of Safe); (ii) grant, extend or enter into any such subscription, option, warrant, put, call, exchangeable or convertible securities or other similar right, agreement or commitment; (iii) redeem or otherwise acquire any such shares of capital stock or other equity interests; or (iv) provide a material amount of funds to, or make any material investment (in the form of a loan, capital contribution or otherwise) in, any Subsidiary of Safe, other than the Safe Operating Partnership, that is not wholly owned.

(c)   Other than the Stockholder’s Agreement, dated as of January 2, 2019, between Star and Safe (as amended from time to time), there are no voting trusts or other agreements or understandings to which Safe or any of its Subsidiaries is a party with respect to the voting of the capital stock or other equity interest of Safe or any of its Subsidiaries, or restricting the transfer of, or providing registration rights with respect to, such capital stock or equity interest.

Section 3.3   Authority; No Violation.

(a)   Safe has all requisite corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Agreement and, subject to the receipt of the Safe Required Vote, to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by Safe and the performance by Safe of its obligations hereunder and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by the Board of Directors of Safe and all other necessary corporate action on the part of Safe, other than the receipt of the Safe Required Vote and the filing of the Articles of Merger with the SDAT, and no other corporate proceedings on the part of Safe are necessary to authorize this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by Safe and constitutes, subject to the execution and delivery by Star, a valid and binding obligation of Safe, enforceable against Safe in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws affecting or relating to creditors’ rights generally and subject to general principles of equity (the “Bankruptcy and Equitable Exceptions”).

(b)   The execution and delivery by Safe of this Agreement does not, and, except as described in Section 3.3(c), the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and compliance with the provisions of this Agreement by Safe will not (i) conflict with or result in any violation or breach of, or default (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) under, or give rise to a right of, or result in, termination, modification, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation or to the loss of a benefit under any material Contract filed as an exhibit to Safe’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended on December 31, 2021 (each, a “Safe Material Contract”), permit, concession, franchise or right binding upon Safe or any Subsidiary of Safe or result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of Safe or any Subsidiary of Safe, other than Permitted Liens, (ii) conflict with or result in any violation of any provision of the articles of incorporation, certificates of formation, bylaws, limited liability company agreements, certificates of partnership, bylaws, partnership agreement or other organizational documents (“Organizational Documents”) of Safe or any Subsidiary of Safe or (iii) conflict with or result in any violation of any Laws applicable to Safe or any Subsidiary of Safe or any of their respective properties or assets, other than in the case of each of clauses (i), (ii) (with respect to Subsidiaries of Safe that are not Significant Subsidiaries) and (iii), as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Safe Material Adverse Effect.

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(c)   Except for (i) the applicable requirements, if any, of state securities or “blue sky” laws (“Blue Sky Laws”), (ii) required filings or approvals under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and the Securities Act, (iii) any filings or approvals required under the rules and regulations of the NYSE and (iv) the filing of the Articles of Merger with, and the acceptance for record of the Articles of Merger by, the SDAT pursuant to the MGCL, no consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing with, any court, administrative agency or commission or other governmental authority or instrumentality, domestic or foreign, or industry self-regulatory organization or arbitral body (public or private) (a “Governmental Entity”) is required by or with respect to Safe or any of its Subsidiaries in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by Safe or the consummation by Safe of the transactions contemplated hereby, except for such consents, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations or filings that, if not obtained or made, would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Safe Material Adverse Effect.

Section 3.4   SEC Documents; Financial Statements; No Undisclosed Liabilities.

(a)   Safe has timely filed or furnished to the SEC all reports, schedules, statements and other documents required to be filed or furnished by it under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act since December 31, 2019, together with all certifications required pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) (such documents, as supplemented or amended since the time of filing, and together with all information incorporated by reference therein and schedules and exhibits thereto, the “Safe SEC Documents”). As of their respective dates, the Safe SEC Documents at the time filed (or, if amended or superseded by a filing prior to the date of this Agreement, as of the date of such filing) complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder applicable to such Safe SEC Documents, and none of the Safe SEC Documents when filed contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. To the knowledge of Safe, none of the Safe SEC Documents are as of the date of this Agreement the subject of ongoing SEC review and as of the date hereof, Safe has not received any comments from the SEC with respect to any of the Safe SEC Documents which remain unresolved, nor has it received any inquiry or information request from the SEC as of the date of this Agreement as to any matters affecting Safe that have not been adequately addressed.

(b)   The financial statements of Safe included in the Safe SEC Documents complied as to form, as of their respective dates of filing with the SEC, in all material respects with all applicable accounting requirements and with the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto (except, in the case of unaudited statements, as permitted by Form 10-Q of the SEC), have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (except as may be disclosed in the notes thereto, or, in the case of unaudited statements, as permitted by Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act) and fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position of Safe and its consolidated Subsidiaries and the consolidated results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows of such companies as of the dates and for the periods shown.

(c)   Safe has established and maintains a system of internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a – 15(f) and 15d – 15(f) of the Exchange Act) sufficient to provide reasonable assurances regarding the reliability of financial reporting. Safe (i) has designed and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e) of the Exchange Act) to provide reasonable assurance that all information required to be disclosed by Safe in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to Safe’s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure, and (ii) has disclosed, based on its most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to Star, Safe’s outside auditors and the audit committee of the Board of Directors of Safe (A) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect Safe’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial

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information and (B) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in Safe’s internal control over financial reporting. Since December 31, 2019, any material change in internal control over financial reporting required to be disclosed in any Safe SEC Document has been so disclosed.

(d)   Since December 31, 2019, neither Safe nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written complaint, allegation, assertion or claim, regarding the accounting or auditing practices, procedures, methodologies or methods of Safe or any of its Subsidiaries or their respective internal accounting controls relating to periods after December 31, 2019, including any such complaint, allegation, assertion or claim that Safe or any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in questionable accounting or auditing practices.

(e)   There are no liabilities or obligations of Safe or any of its Subsidiaries of any kind whatsoever, whether accrued, contingent, absolute, determined, determinable or otherwise, other than: (i) liabilities or obligations reflected or reserved against in Safe’s most recent balance sheet or in the notes thereto contained in the Safe SEC Documents filed with the SEC prior to the date of this Agreement; (ii) liabilities or obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business since the date of such balance sheet; (iii) liabilities or obligations arising out of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby; and (iv) liabilities or obligations that have not and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Safe Material Adverse Effect.

(f)   Neither Safe nor any Subsidiary of Safe is a party to, or has any commitment to become a party to, any joint venture, off-balance sheet partnership or any similar contract or arrangement, including any contract relating to any transaction or relationship between Safe or any Subsidiary of Safe, on the one hand, and any unconsolidated Affiliate of Safe or any Subsidiary of Safe, including any structured finance, special purpose or limited purpose entity or Person, on the other hand, or any “off balance sheet arrangements” ​(as defined in Item 303(a) of Regulation S-K of the SEC), where the result, purpose or effect of such contract is to avoid disclosure of any material transaction involving, or material liabilities of, Safe or any Subsidiary of Safe or any of their financial statements.

Section 3.5   Information Supplied.   None of the information supplied or to be supplied by Safe for inclusion or incorporation by reference in (i) the Form S-4 will, at the time the Form S-4 is filed with the SEC and at the time it becomes effective under the Securities Act, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or (ii) the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus will, at the date of mailing to stockholders and at the times of the meetings of stockholders to be held in connection with the Merger, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Form S-4 and the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus will comply as to form in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder, except that no representation or warranty is made by Safe with respect to statements made or incorporated by reference therein based on information supplied by Star for inclusion or incorporation by reference in the Form S-4 or the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, as applicable.

Section 3.6   Absence of Certain Changes.

(a)   From December 31, 2021 through the date of this Agreement, Safe and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, have conducted their business in the ordinary course in all material respects. For purposes of this Agreement, “ordinary course” with respect to Safe’s conduct of business shall be construed to mean that the conduct is consistent with Safe’s publicly disclosed corporate strategy of acquiring, originating, owning, selling and managing ground leases and ground lease related assets, capitalizing such activities with debt or equity, pursuing a strategy to express the value of Caret Ventures LLC through sales, amendments to the interests issuable and issued by Caret Ventures LLC, marketing or otherwise and taking any and all corporate actions in connection with the foregoing or otherwise consistent with and in furtherance of the performance of its obligations under this Agreement and satisfying its obligations hereunder.

(b)   Since December 31, 2021, no Effects have occurred which have had a Safe Material Adverse Effect that is continuing.

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Section 3.7   Board Approval.   The Safe Special Committee, at a meeting duly called and held, unanimously (a) determined that this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, are advisable and in the best interests of Safe and (b) recommended to the Board of Directors of Safe that it approve and declare advisable this Agreement, and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, upon the terms and conditions contained herein. The Board of Directors of Safe, by resolutions duly adopted, has (i) approved this Agreement and declared this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, to be advisable and in the best interests of Safe, (ii) subject to Section 6.4, resolved to recommend that the stockholders of Safe approve the Merger and directed that such matter be submitted for consideration by Safe stockholders at the Safe Stockholders Meeting and (iii) taken all appropriate and necessary actions to render any and all limitations on mergers, business combinations and ownership of shares of Safe Common Stock as set forth in Safe’s Organizational Documents or in any state takeover statute to be inapplicable to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

Section 3.8   Vote Required.   The affirmative vote of the stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the Merger (the “Safe Required Vote”) is the only vote of the holders of any class or series of capital stock of Safe necessary to approve this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby (including the Merger).

Section 3.9   Brokers or Finders.   Neither Safe nor any of its Subsidiaries has employed any broker or finder or incurred any liability for any brokerage fees, commissions or finders fees in connection with the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except that the Safe Special Committee has employed J.P. Morgan Securities LLC as its financial advisor.

Section 3.10   Opinion of Safe Special Committee Financial Advisor.   The Safe Special Committee has received the opinion of its financial advisor, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, to the effect that, as of the date of the opinion and based upon and subject to the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken by J.P. Morgan Securities LLC in preparing its opinion set forth therein, the Common Stock Merger Consideration to be received by the holders of Eligible Shares is fair, from a financial point of view, to the holders of shares of Safe Common Stock. A copy of such opinion will be provided to Star by Safe solely for informational purposes after the date of this Agreement. It is agreed and understood that such opinion is for the benefit of the Safe Special Committee and may not be relied upon by Star or any director, officer or employee of Star for any purpose.

Section 3.11   No Additional Representations.   Except for the representations and warranties contained in Article IV, Safe acknowledges that neither Star nor any Subsidiary or Representative of Star makes, and Safe acknowledges that it has not relied upon or otherwise been induced by, any other express or implied representation or warranty with respect to Star or with respect to any other information provided or made available to Safe in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including any information, documents, projections, forecasts or other material made available to Safe or to Safe’s Subsidiaries and Representatives in certain “data rooms” or management presentations in expectation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF STAR.

Except (x) as set forth in the applicable section or subsection of the disclosure letter delivered to Safe by Star immediately prior to the execution of this Agreement (the “Star Disclosure Letter”) (it being understood that any matter disclosed pursuant to any section or subsection of the Star Disclosure Letter shall be deemed to be disclosed for all purposes of this Article IV as long as the relevance of such disclosure to the other Sections or sub-Sections of this Article IV is reasonably apparent on the face of such disclosure) or (y) as disclosed in the Star SEC Documents filed with the SEC since December 31, 2019 and publicly available prior to the date hereof (other than disclosures in any “risk factors” or “forward looking statements” sections of such reports or any other disclosures in such reports to the extent they are predictive or forward-looking in nature), Star hereby represents and warrants to Safe as follows:

Section 4.1   Organization, Standing and Power.   Star is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Maryland and has requisite corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business as presently conducted. Each Subsidiary

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of Star is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization and has requisite corporate, partnership or limited liability company (as the case may be) power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business as presently conducted, except where the failure to be so organized, validly existing or in good standing, or to have such power or authority, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect. Star and each of its Subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign corporation or other entity to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction where the ownership, leasing or operation of its properties or assets or the nature of its activities makes such qualification necessary, except for such failures to be so qualified as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect. Star has previously made available to Safe true and complete copies of the Organizational Documents, as applicable, of Star, its Significant Subsidiaries, other than Significant Subsidiaries that will be Subsidiaries of SpinCo after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution, and the Star Joint Ventures, in each case, as in effect as of the date hereof. Each of Star and the Star Joint Ventures’ Organizational Documents are in full force and effect, and each of Star and the Star Joint Ventures is not in violation of any of their respective Organizational Documents.

Section 4.2   Capital Structure.

(a)   As of the date hereof, the authorized capital stock of Star consists of 200,000,000 shares of Star Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share and 30,000,000 shares of Star Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share. As of the close of business on August 10, 2022 (the “Star Capitalization Date”), (i) 85,373,182 shares of Star Common Stock were issued and outstanding, (ii) 4,000,000 shares of Star Series D Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, (iii) 3,200,000 shares of Star Series G Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, (iv) 5,000,000 shares of Star Series I Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, (v) 2,331,985 shares of Star Common Stock were reserved for issuance under the Star Equity Plans (including no shares underlying Star Restricted Stock Units) and (vi) no shares of Star capital stock were held by Subsidiaries of Star. All the outstanding shares of Star Common Stock and Star Preferred Stock are, and all shares of Star Common Stock that may be issued prior to the Effective Time or in connection with the Merger pursuant to Section 2.1(a) shall be, when issued in accordance with the respective terms thereof, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and free of pre-emptive rights.

(b)   Except as set forth in Section 4.2(a), and except for the Star Convertible Notes, as of the date hereof: (i) Star does not have any shares of capital stock or other equity interests issued or outstanding other than shares of Star Common Stock that have become outstanding after the Star Capitalization Date as a result of any conversion of any Star Convertible Notes, in accordance with the Star Convertible Notes Indenture and exchanges of Star Convertible Notes as reported in the Star SEC Documents and (ii) there are no outstanding subscriptions, options, warrants, puts, calls, exchangeable or convertible securities or other similar rights, agreements or commitments relating to the issuance of capital stock or other equity interests to which Star or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or otherwise bound obligating Star or any of its Subsidiaries to (A) issue, transfer or sell any shares of capital stock or other equity interests of Star or any of its Subsidiaries or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such shares or equity interests (in each case other than to Star or a wholly owned Subsidiary of Star); (B) grant, extend or enter into any such subscription, option, warrant, put, call, exchangeable or convertible securities or other similar right, agreement or commitment; (C) redeem or otherwise acquire any such shares of capital stock or other equity interests; or (D) provide a material amount of funds to, or make any material investment (in the form of a loan, capital contribution or otherwise) in, any Subsidiary of Star that is not wholly owned by Star.

(c)   Other than the Star Convertible Notes, no bonds, debentures, notes or other Indebtedness having the right to vote (or which are convertible into or exercisable for securities having the right to vote) on any matters on which stockholders may vote (“Voting Debt”) of Star or any of its Subsidiaries is issued or outstanding.

(d)   Other than the Voting Agreement and Article IX of Star’s charter, there are no voting trusts or other agreements or understandings to which Star or any of its Subsidiaries is a party with respect

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to the voting of the capital stock or other equity interest of Star or any of its Subsidiaries, or restricting the transfer of, or providing registration rights with respect to, such capital stock or equity interest.

Section 4.3   Authority; No Violation.

(a)   Star has, and SpinCo will have prior to the Closing, all requisite corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform all of their respective obligations under this Agreement and the Separation and Distribution Agreement, and, subject to the receipt of the Star Required Vote, to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Separation and Distribution Agreement by Star and SpinCo and the performance by Star and SpinCo of their respective obligations hereunder and thereunder and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by the Board of Directors of Star and will be duly authorized prior to the Closing by the Board of Directors of SpinCo and all other necessary corporate action on the part of each of Star and SpinCo, other than the receipt of the Star Required Vote and the filing of the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment and the Articles of Merger with the SDAT, and no other corporate proceedings on the part of Star or SpinCo are necessary to authorize this Agreement or the Separation and Distribution Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby. This Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by Star and constitutes, subject to the execution and delivery by Safe, a valid and binding obligation of Star, enforceable against Star in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by applicable Bankruptcy and Equitable Exceptions. The Separation and Distribution Agreement will be duly and validly executed and delivered by each of Star and SpinCo prior to the Closing, and will constitute, as of immediately prior to the Closing, a valid and binding obligation of each of Star and SpinCo, enforceable against each of Star and SpinCo in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by applicable Bankruptcy and Equitable Exceptions.

(b)   The execution and delivery by Star of this Agreement does not, and, the execution and delivery of Star and SpinCo of the Separation and Distribution Agreement, and, except as described in Section 4.3(c), the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Separation and Distribution Agreement and compliance with the provisions of this Agreement and the Separation and Distribution Agreement by each of Star and SpinCo will not (i) conflict with or result in any violation or breach of, or default (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) under, or give rise to a right of, or result in, termination, modification, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation or to the loss of a benefit under any Contract, permit, concession, franchise or right binding upon Star or any Subsidiary of Star (including SpinCo prior to and at the Closing) or result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of Star or any Subsidiary of Star (including SpinCo prior to and at the Closing), other than Permitted Liens, (ii) conflict with or result in any violation of any provision of the Organizational Documents of Star or any Subsidiary of Star (including SpinCo prior to and as of the Closing) or (iii) conflict with or result in any violation of any Laws applicable to Star or any Subsidiary of Star (including SpinCo prior to and at the Closing) or any of their respective properties or assets, other than in the case of clauses (i), (ii) (with respect to Subsidiaries of Star that are not Significant Subsidiaries) and (iii), as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect.

(c)   Except for (i) the applicable requirements, if any, of Blue Sky Laws, (ii) required filings or approvals under the Exchange Act and the Securities Act, (iii) any filings or approvals required under the rules and regulations of the NYSE and (iv) the filing of the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment and the Articles of Merger with, and the acceptance for record of the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment and the Articles of Merger by the SDAT pursuant to the MGCL, no consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing with, any Governmental Entity is required by or with respect to Star or any of its Subsidiaries (including SpinCo prior to and at the Closing) in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by Star or of the Separation and Distribution Agreement by each of Star and SpinCo, or the consummation by Star and SpinCo of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except for such consents, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations or filings that, if not obtained or made, would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect.

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Section 4.4   SEC Documents; Financial Statements; No Undisclosed Liabilities.

(a)   Star has timely filed or furnished to the SEC all reports, schedules, statements and other documents required to be filed or furnished by it under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act since December 31, 2019, together with all certifications required pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (such documents, as supplemented or amended since the time of filing, and together with all information incorporated by reference therein and schedules and exhibits thereto, the “Star SEC Documents”). As of their respective dates, the Star SEC Documents at the time filed (or, if amended or superseded by a filing prior to the date of this Agreement, as of the date of such filing) complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder applicable to such Star SEC Documents, and none of the Star SEC Documents when filed contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. To the knowledge of Star, none of the Star SEC Documents are as of the date of this Agreement the subject of ongoing SEC review and as of the date hereof, Star has not received any comments from the SEC with respect to any of the Star SEC Documents which remain unresolved, nor has it received any inquiry or information request from the SEC as of the date of this Agreement as to any matters affecting Star that have not been adequately addressed.

(b)   The financial statements of Star included in the Star SEC Documents complied as to form, as of their respective dates of filing with the SEC, in all material respects with all applicable accounting requirements and with the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto (except, in the case of unaudited statements, as permitted by Form 10-Q of the SEC), have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (except as may be disclosed in the notes thereto, or, in the case of unaudited statements, as permitted by Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act) and fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position of Star and its consolidated Subsidiaries and the consolidated results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows of such companies as of the dates and for the periods shown.

(c)   Star has established and maintains a system of internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a – 15(f) and 15d – 15(f) of the Exchange Act) sufficient to provide reasonable assurances regarding the reliability of financial reporting. Star (i) has designed and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e) of the Exchange Act) to provide reasonable assurance that all information required to be disclosed by Star in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to Star’s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and (ii) has disclosed, based on its most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to Safe, Star’s outside auditors and the audit committee of the Board of Directors of Star (A) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect Star’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information and (B) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in Star’s internal control over financial reporting. Since December 31, 2019, any material change in internal control over financial reporting required to be disclosed in any Star SEC Document has been so disclosed.

(d)   Since December 31, 2019, neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written complaint, allegation, assertion or claim regarding the accounting or auditing practices, procedures, methodologies or methods of Star or any of its Subsidiaries or their respective internal accounting controls relating to periods after December 31, 2019, including any such complaint, allegation, assertion or claim that Star or any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in questionable accounting or auditing practices.

(e)   There are no liabilities or obligations of Star or any of its Subsidiaries of any kind whatsoever, whether accrued, contingent, absolute, determined, determinable or otherwise, other than: (i) liabilities or obligations reflected or reserved against in Star’s most recent balance sheet or in the notes thereto

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contained in the Star SEC Documents filed with the SEC prior to the date of this Agreement; (ii) liabilities or obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business since the date of such balance sheet; (iii) liabilities or obligations arising out of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby; and (iv) liabilities or obligations that have not and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect.

(f)   Neither Star nor any Subsidiary of Star is a party to, or has any commitment to become a party to, any joint venture, off-balance sheet partnership or any similar contract or arrangement, including any contract relating to any transaction or relationship between Star or any Subsidiary of Star, on the one hand, and any unconsolidated Affiliate of Star or any Subsidiary of Star, including any structured finance, special purpose or limited purpose entity or Person, on the other hand, or any “off balance sheet arrangements” ​(as defined in Item 303(a) of Regulation S-K of the SEC), where the result, purpose or effect of such contract is to avoid disclosure of any material transaction involving, or material liabilities of, Star or any Subsidiary of Star or any of their financial statements.

Section 4.5   Information Supplied.   None of the information supplied or to be supplied by Star for inclusion or incorporation by reference in (a) the Form S-4 or the Form 10 will, at the time the Form S-4 or the Form 10, as applicable, is filed with the SEC and at the time it becomes effective under the Securities Act, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (b) the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus will, at the date of mailing to stockholders and at the times of the meetings of stockholders to be held in connection with the Merger, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading or (c) the SpinCo Information Statement will, at the date of effectiveness of the Form 10 and of mailing to stockholders, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Form S-4, the Form 10, the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus and the SpinCo Information Statement will comply as to form in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder, except that no representation or warranty is made by Star with respect to statements made or incorporated by reference therein based on information supplied by Safe for inclusion or incorporation by reference in the Form S-4, Form 10, the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus or the SpinCo Information Statement, as applicable. As of the date of this Agreement, Star does not have knowledge of the existence of any Effect that constitutes a Safe Material Adverse Effect.

Section 4.6   Compliance with Laws.   Star and each of its Subsidiaries (other than SpinCo and its Subsidiaries after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution) are, and since December 31, 2019 have been, in compliance with all Laws applicable to any of them or their respective operations, except to the extent that failure to comply has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect. Neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries (other than SpinCo and its Subsidiaries after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution) has received any written notice since December 31, 2019 asserting a failure, or possible failure, to comply with any such Law, the subject of which written notice has not been resolved, except for such failures as have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect.

Section 4.7   Legal Proceedings.   There is no suit, action, claim, charge, complaint, audit, investigation, arbitration, inquiry or proceeding (whether judicial, arbitral, administrative or other) (each, an “Action”) pending or, to the knowledge of Star, threatened, by, against or affecting Star or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or assets (other than SpinCo and its Subsidiaries after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution) which have had or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect. There is no judgment, decree, writ, injunction, ruling, award or order of any Governmental Entity or arbitrator outstanding against Star or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or assets which have had or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect.

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Section 4.8   Taxes.   Except as has not and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect:

(a)   Star and each of its Subsidiaries have (i) duly and timely filed (or caused to be filed on their behalf) with the appropriate taxing authority all Tax Returns required to be filed by them (after giving effect to any extensions), and such Tax Returns are true, correct and complete, (ii) duly and timely paid in full (or caused to be paid in full on their behalf), or made adequate provision for, all Taxes required to be paid by them, and (iii) complied with all applicable Laws relating to the payment and withholding of Taxes (including withholding of Taxes pursuant to Sections 1441, 1442, 1445, 1446, 3102 and 3402 of the Code or similar provisions under any state and foreign Laws) and have duly and timely withheld and, in each case, have paid over to the appropriate governmental authorities any and all amounts required to be so withheld and paid over on or prior to the due date thereof under all applicable Laws;

(b)   in the past five years, neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has received a written claim by any authority in a jurisdiction where any of them does not file Tax Returns that it is or may be subject to taxation by that jurisdiction;

(c)   there are no disputes, audits, examinations, investigations or proceedings pending (or threatened in writing), or claims asserted, for and/or in respect of any Taxes or Tax Returns of Star or any of its Subsidiaries, and neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any litigation or administrative proceeding relating to Taxes;

(d)   no deficiency for Taxes of Star or any of its Subsidiaries has been claimed, proposed or assessed in writing by any governmental authority, which deficiency has not yet been settled;

(e)   neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has requested, has received or is subject to any written ruling of a taxing authority or has entered into any written agreement with a taxing authority with respect to any Taxes;

(f)   neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has extended or waived (nor granted any extension or waiver of) the limitation period for the assessment or collection of any Tax that remains in effect;

(g)   neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries currently is the beneficiary of any extension of time within which to file any Tax Return that remains unfiled;

(h)   neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has entered into any “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Code (or any corresponding or similar provision of state, local or foreign income Tax Law);

(i)   since Star’s taxable year ended December 31, 2016, (A) neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries have incurred any liability for Taxes under Sections 857(b), 857(f), 860(c) or 4981 of the Code; and (B) neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries have incurred any material liability for any other Taxes, and no event has occurred, and no condition or circumstance exists, which presents a risk that any amount of such Tax will be imposed upon Star or any of its Subsidiaries, in each case other than (x) in the ordinary course of business or consistent with past practice, or (y) transfer or similar Taxes arising in connection with acquisitions or dispositions of property;

(j)   there are no Tax allocation or sharing agreements or similar arrangements with respect to or involving Star or any of its Subsidiaries, and after the Closing Date neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries shall be bound by any such Tax allocation agreements or similar arrangements or have any liability thereunder for amounts due in respect of periods prior to the Closing Date, in each case, other than customary provisions of commercial or credit agreements and Tax protection agreements;

(k)   neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries (i) has been a member of an affiliated group filing a consolidated U.S. federal income Tax Return (other than a group the common parent of which was Star or a Subsidiary of Star) or (ii) has any liability for the Taxes of any Person (other than Star or any of its Subsidiaries) under Treasury Regulations Section 1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of state, local, or foreign law), as a transferee or successor, by contract, or otherwise;

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(l)   Star (i) for all taxable years commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2016 through and including its taxable year ended December 31 immediately prior to the Effective Time, has elected and has been subject to federal taxation as a REIT and has satisfied all requirements to qualify as a REIT, and has so qualified, for U.S. federal Tax purposes for such taxable years, (ii) at all times since such date, has operated in such a manner so as to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal Tax purposes and will continue to operate (including with regard to the REIT distribution requirements in the taxable year that includes the Effective Time) through the Effective Time in such a manner so as to so qualify for the taxable year that includes the Closing Date and (iii) has not taken or omitted to take any action that could reasonably be expected to result in a challenge by the IRS or any other taxing authority to its status as a REIT, and no such challenge is pending or, to the knowledge of Star, threatened;

(m)   each Subsidiary of Star has been since the later of its acquisition, formation, or the taxable year ended December 31, 2016, and continues to be treated for federal and state income Tax purposes as (i) a partnership (or a disregarded entity) and not as a corporation or an association or publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation, (ii) a “qualified REIT subsidiary” within the meaning of Section 856(i) of the Code, (iii) a “taxable REIT subsidiary” within the meaning of Section 856(l) of the Code or (iv) a REIT;

(n)   neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries holds, directly or indirectly, any asset the disposition of which would be subject to (or to rules similar to) Section 1374 of the Code;

(o)   neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has participated in any “listed transaction” within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.6011-4(b)(2);

(p)   neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries (other than taxable REIT Subsidiaries) has or has had any earnings and profits attributable to such entity or any other corporation in any non-REIT year within the meaning of Section 857 of the Code;

(q)   there is no Tax protection agreement to which Star or any of its Subsidiaries is a party;

(r)   to the knowledge of Star, there are no Tax Liens upon any property or assets of Star or any of its Subsidiaries, except Liens for Taxes not yet due and payable or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP;

(s)   Star is not aware of any fact or circumstance that could reasonably be expected to prevent the Merger from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code; and

(t)   neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has constituted either a “distributing corporation” or a “controlled corporation” ​(within the meaning of Section 355(a)(1)(A) of the Code) in a distribution of stock qualifying for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Code in the two years prior to the date of this Agreement, other than the distribution of SpinCo to Star in the SpinCo Reorganization.

Section 4.9   Material Contracts.   Section 4.9 of the Star Disclosure Letter sets forth a true, complete and correct list of all Star Material Contracts as of the date of this Agreement. A true, complete and correct copy of each Star Material Contract, as of the date of this Agreement, has been made available by Star to Safe prior to the date of this Agreement. Except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect, each of the Star Material Contracts is a valid and binding obligation of Star or the Subsidiary of Star that is a party thereto, and, to the knowledge of Star, the other parties thereto, enforceable against Star and its Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of Star, the other parties thereto in accordance with its terms (subject to the applicable Bankruptcy and Equitable Exceptions). None of Star or any of its Subsidiaries is, and to the knowledge of Star no other party is, in breach, default or violation (and no event has occurred or not occurred through Star’s or any Subsidiary of Star’s action or inaction or, to the knowledge of Star, through the action or inaction of any third party, that with notice or the lapse of time or both would constitute a breach, default or violation) of any term, condition or provision of any Star Material Contract to which Star or any Subsidiary of Star is a party, or by which any of them or their respective properties or assets may be bound, except for such breaches,

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defaults or violations as have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect.

Section 4.10   Benefit Plans.

(a)   Section 4.10(a)   of the Star Disclosure Letter contains a true, complete and correct list of each material Benefit Plan sponsored, maintained or contributed to by Star or any of its Subsidiaries, or which Star or any of its Subsidiaries is obligated to sponsor, maintain or contribute to or under or with respect to which Star or any of its Subsidiaries has or could reasonably be expected to have any current or contingent liability or obligation, other than any plan or program maintained by a Governmental Entity to which Star or its Subsidiaries is required to contribute to pursuant to applicable Law (the “Star Benefit Plans”). No Star Benefit Plan is established or maintained outside of the United States or for the benefit of current or former directors, officers, employees or other service providers of Star or any of its Subsidiaries residing outside of the United States.

(b)   Star has made available to Safe prior to the date of this Agreement a true, correct and complete copy of each Star Benefit Plan currently in effect and, with respect thereto, if applicable, (i) all amendments, the current trust (or other funding vehicle) agreements, and the most recent summary plan descriptions, (ii) the most recent annual report (Form 5500 series including, where applicable, all schedules and actuarial and accountants’ reports) filed with the Department of Labor and the most recent actuarial report or other financial statement relating to such Star Benefit Plan, (iii) the most recent determination, opinion or advisory letter from the IRS (if applicable) for such Star Benefit Plan and (iv) any non-routine correspondence with a Governmental Entity regarding any Star Benefit Plan.

(c)   Except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect, (i) each Star Benefit Plan has been established, maintained, funded and administered in accordance with its terms and in compliance with applicable Law, including, but not limited to, ERISA and the Code and in each case the regulations thereunder, (ii) each Star Benefit Plan intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code has received a favorable determination letter or may rely upon a favorable opinion or advisory letter from the IRS as to its qualification, and there are no existing circumstances or any events that have occurred that could reasonably be expected to adversely affect the qualified status of any such plan, (iii) none of Star, any of its Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of Star, any other Person has engaged in a transaction that has resulted in, or would reasonably be expected to result in, the assessment of a civil penalty upon Star or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to Section 409 or Section 502(i) of ERISA or a tax imposed pursuant to Section 4975 of the Code, (iv) there does not now exist, nor, to the knowledge of Star, do any circumstances exist that would reasonably be expected to result in, any Controlled Group Liability that would be a liability (contingent or otherwise) of Star, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective ERISA Affiliates, (v) all contributions or other payments required to be made by or with respect to each Star Benefit Plan (including all contributions, insurance premiums or intercompany charges) with respect to all prior periods have been timely made or paid by Star or its Subsidiaries in accordance with the provisions of each of the Star Benefit Plans and applicable Law or, to the extent not required to be made or paid on or before the date hereof, have been reflected on the books and records of Star in accordance with GAAP and (vi) there are no pending or, to the knowledge of Star, threatened Actions by or on behalf of any Star Benefit Plan, by any employee or beneficiary covered under any Star Benefit Plan or otherwise involving any Star Benefit Plan or any trusts related thereto (other than routine claims for benefits). Neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has incurred (whether or not assessed) any Tax or penalty under Section 4980B, 4980D, 4980H, 6721 or 6722 of the Code, and no circumstances exist or events have occurred that could reasonably be expected to result in the imposition of any such Taxes or penalties.

(d)   None of Star, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective ERISA Affiliates, sponsors, maintains, contributes to, or participates in, or has any current or contingent obligation or liability in connection with: (i) a plan that is or was subject to Title IV or Section 302 of ERISA or Section 412 or Section 430 of the Code, (ii) a “multiple employer welfare arrangement” ​(as defined in Section 3(40) of ERISA), (iii) a “multiple employer plan” ​(as defined in Section 210 of ERISA or Section 413(c) of the Code), (iv) a “multiemployer plan” ​(as defined in Section 3(37) of ERISA), or (v) any plan, program or arrangement which provides for retiree, post-employment or post-retirement medical or welfare

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benefits for retired or former employees or beneficiaries or dependents thereof or any other Person, except pursuant to Section 4980B of the Code or other applicable Law for which the recipient pays the full cost.

(e)   Neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (either alone or in conjunction with any other event) will (i) result in any payment (including severance, “excess parachute payment” ​(within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code), forgiveness of Indebtedness or otherwise) becoming due to any current or former director, employee or other service provider of Star or any of its Subsidiaries under any Star Benefit Plan, (ii) increase any benefits otherwise payable or trigger any other obligation under any Star Benefit Plan, or (iii) result in any acceleration of the time of payment, funding or vesting of any such benefits.

(f)   No Star Benefit Plan provides for the gross-up or reimbursement of Taxes under Section 409A or Section 4999 of the Code or otherwise.

Section 4.11   Employment and Labor Matters.

(a)   Neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to or bound by any Labor Agreement, and no labor union labor organization or employee association represents any employees of Star or any of its Subsidiaries.

(b)   Except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect, there are (i) no pending, or, to the knowledge of Star, threatened strikes or lockouts with respect to any employees of Star or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) no demand or proceedings for recognition or certification by any labor union, or other labor organization, or, to the knowledge of Star, labor organizing efforts or activities with respect to any employees of Star or its Subsidiaries, (iii) no unfair labor practice charges, labor disputes (other than routine individual grievances) or labor arbitration proceeding pending or, to the knowledge of Star, threatened with respect to any employees of Star or its Subsidiaries and (iv) no slowdowns or work stoppages in effect or, to the knowledge of Star, threatened with respect to any employees of Star or its Subsidiaries, nor has Star or any of its Subsidiaries experienced any events described in clauses (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) within the past three years.

(c)   Except for such matters as have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect, Star and its Subsidiaries are, and have been since December 31, 2019, in compliance with all applicable Laws relating to employment and labor, including all applicable Laws relating to terms and conditions of employment, wages, hours, labor relations, employment discrimination, harassment or retaliation, classification of non-employee service providers (including independent contractors, consultants and leased employees) and exempt and non-exempt employees, safety and health, workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance, disability, equal opportunity, affirmative action, plant closures and layoffs (including the WARN Act), immigration (including the completion of Forms I-9 and the proper confirmation of employee visas), employee leave, COVID-19, pay equity and the collection and payment and withholding of social security. Except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect, Star and its Subsidiaries have fully and timely paid all wages, salaries, premiums, commissions, bonuses, severance, fees, and other compensation that have come due and payable to their current or former employees and independent contractors under applicable Law, Contract or company policy.

(d)   To the knowledge of Star: (i) no current or former employee or independent contractor of Star or its Subsidiaries is in any material respect in violation of any employment agreement, restrictive covenant agreement or other obligation: (A) owed to Star or its Subsidiaries, or (B) owed to any third party with respect to such person’s right to be employed or engaged by Star or its Subsidiaries; and (ii) no current employee of Star or its Subsidiaries with annualized compensation at or above $100,000 intends to terminate his or her employment prior to the one year anniversary of the Closing.

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Section 4.12   Absence of Certain Changes.

(a)   Since December 31, 2021 through the date of this Agreement, Star and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, have conducted their business in the ordinary course in all material respects. For purposes of this Agreement, “ordinary course” with respect to Star’s conduct of business shall be construed to mean that the conduct is consistent with Star’s publicly disclosed corporate strategy of simplifying its balance sheet, selling legacy assets and transitioning the focus of its portfolio and resources to the ground lease sector or otherwise consistent with and in furtherance of the performance of its obligations under this Agreement to effectuate the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution and satisfy its other obligations hereunder.

(b)   Since December 31, 2021, no Effects have occurred which have had a Star Material Adverse Effect that is continuing.

Section 4.13   Board Approval.   The Star Special Committee, at a meeting duly called and held, unanimously (i) determined that this Agreement and the Separation and Distribution Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution and the Star Stock Issuance, are advisable and in the best interests of Star and (ii) recommended to the Board of Directors of Star that it approve and declare advisable this Agreement and the Separation and Distribution Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution and the Star Stock Issuance, upon the terms contained herein and therein. The Board of Directors of Star, by resolutions duly adopted, has (a) approved and adopted this Agreement and the Separation and Distribution Agreement and declared this Agreement and the Separation and Distribution Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution and the Star Stock Issuance, to be advisable and in the best interests of Star, (b) subject to Section 6.4, resolved to recommend that the stockholders of Star approve the Merger and the Star Stock Issuance and direct that such matters be submitted for consideration by Star stockholders at the Star Stockholders Meeting, and (c) taken all appropriate and necessary actions to render any and all limitations on mergers, business combinations and ownership of shares of Star Common Stock as set forth in Star’s Organizational Documents or in any state takeover statute to be inapplicable to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Prior to the Closing, the Board of Directors of SpinCo and the sole stockholder of SpinCo will have taken all actions required for the execution and delivery of the Separation and Distribution Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby.

Section 4.14   Vote Required.   The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Star Common Stock voting together as a single class with the holders of the Star Series D Preferred Stock to approve the Merger and the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the votes cast by holders of shares of Star Common Stock voting together as a single class with the holders of the Star Series D Preferred Stock at the Star Stockholders Meeting to approve the Star Stock Issuance (collectively, the “Star Required Vote”) are the only votes of the holders of any class or series of shares of capital stock of Star necessary to approve this Agreement, the Voting Agreement, the Governance Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Separation and Distribution Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution and the Star Stock Issuance).

Section 4.15   Properties; Loans.

(a)   Section 4.15(a) of the Star Disclosure Letter sets forth a true, correct and complete list of the address of each real property owned or leased by Star or any of its Subsidiaries, other than real properties that will be owned or leased by Subsidiaries of SpinCo after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution, whether such property is owned, leased (as lessee) or subleased (as sublessee) and the name of the entity that owns or leases such real property (but specifically excluding all ground leased and ground subleased properties) (all such real property interests, together with all right, title and interest of Star and any of its Subsidiaries as of the date of this Agreement that will not be contributed to SpinCo pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement in and to (i) all buildings, structures and other improvements and fixtures located on or under such real property and

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(ii) all easements, rights and other appurtenances to such real property, and subject to any easements, impairments, rights and other appurtenances affecting such real property, are individually referred to herein as a “Star Leased Property” or “Star Owned Property”, as applicable, and collectively referred to herein as the “Star Owned or Leased Properties”). Section 4.15(a)of the Star Disclosure Letter sets forth a true, correct and complete list of the address of each facility and real property which, as of the date of this Agreement, is under contract by Star or a Subsidiary of Star for purchase or which is required under a written agreement to be leased or subleased by Star or a Subsidiary of Star after the date of this Agreement, and that will not be owned by SpinCo and its Subsidiaries after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution. Except as set forth on Section 4.15(a)of the Star Disclosure Letter, there are no real properties that Star or any of its Subsidiaries is obligated to buy, lease, ground lease, sublease or ground sublease at some future date, and that will not be owned by SpinCo and its Subsidiaries after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution. True, correct and complete copies of all lease agreements and all amendments or modifications thereto for Star Leased Properties (the “Star Leases”) have been made available to Safe. Except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect (A) neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries is and, to the knowledge of Star, no other party is, in breach or violation of, or default under, any Star Lease, (B) no event has occurred which would result in a breach or violation of, or a default under, any Star Lease by Star or any of its Subsidiaries, or, to the knowledge of Star, any other party thereto in each case, with or without notice or lapse of time or both, and no tenant under a Star Lease is in monetary default under such Star Lease, and (C) each Star Lease is valid, binding and enforceable in accordance with its terms and is in full force and effect with respect to Star or a Subsidiary of Star and, to the knowledge of Star, with respect to the other parties thereto, subject to the applicable Bankruptcy and Equitable Exceptions.

(b)   Section 4.15(b) of the Star Disclosure Letter lists each parcel of real property currently ground leased or ground subleased by Star or any of its Subsidiaries (each individual referred to herein as a “Star Ground Leased Property” and collectively referred to herein as the “Star Ground Leased Properties” and together with the Star Owned or Leased Properties each individually referred to herein as a “Star Property” and collectively referred to herein as the “Star Properties”) and sets forth the party holding such ground leasehold interest and a list of the ground lease or ground sublease (collectively, with each other agreement or amendment modifying, supplementing or assigning such ground lease or ground sublease or related to “PILOT” or other tax-abatement arrangements entered into at such Star Ground Leased Properties, the “Ground Lease Documents”) as of the Effective Time. True, correct and complete copies of all Ground Lease Documents have been made available to Safe. Except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect, each of the Ground Lease Documents is valid, binding and in full force and effect and enforceable as against Star or the applicable Subsidiary of Star and, to the knowledge of Star, as against the other party thereto, subject to the applicable Bankruptcy and Equitable Exceptions. Except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect, neither Star nor any Subsidiary of Star (i) has received or delivered any written notice of default under any of the Ground Lease Documents that remains uncured or (ii) is in default (with or without notice or lapse of time or both), under the Ground Lease Documents, and, to the knowledge of the Safe, the other party under the Ground Lease Documents is not in default (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) thereunder.

(c)   Star or a Subsidiary of Star owns good and marketable indefeasible fee simple title (with respect to jurisdictions that recognize such form of title or substantially similar title with respect to all other jurisdictions) or leasehold title (as applicable) to each of the Star Properties, in each case, free and clear of Liens, except for Permitted Liens that have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect.

(d)   Except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect, none of Star nor any Subsidiary of Star has received written notice to the effect that there are any condemnation proceedings pending or threatened in writing with respect to any material portion of any of the Star Properties.

(e)   Star or its Subsidiaries, as applicable, are in possession of title insurance policies with respect to each Star Property that is owned in fee or ground leased (each, a “Star Title Insurance Policy”). Since

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December 31, 2019, no written claim has been made against any Star Title Insurance Policy, which has had or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect.

(f)   Star and its Subsidiaries have good and valid title to, or a valid and enforceable leasehold interest in, or other right to use, all personal property owned, used or held for use by them as of the date of this Agreement (other than property owned by tenants and used or held in connection with the applicable tenancy and other than property that will be owned by SpinCo and its Subsidiaries after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution), except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect. None of Star’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ ownership of or leasehold interest in any such personal property is subject to any Liens, except for Permitted Liens and Liens that have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect.

(g)   Neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has (i) received written notice of any structural defects relating to any Star Properties which have had or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect, or (ii) received written notice of any physical damage to any Star Properties which has had or would reasonably be expected have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect.

(h)   Each Subsidiary of Star set forth on Section 4.15(h) of the Star Disclosure Letter, as applicable, is the sole owner and holder of the loan or loans identified across from its name therein that will not be owned by SpinCo and its Subsidiaries after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution (each, a “Loan”). The applicable Subsidiary’s right, title and interest in, to, under and with respect to such Loan is owned free and clear of any liens, pledges, participations, charges or security interests. On or prior to the date hereof, Star has delivered to Safe true, correct and complete copies of all loan documents with respect to each Loan (the “Loan Documents”) and all Loan Documents remain in full force and effect. The applicable Subsidiary represents that it has possession or custody of the original file of Loan Documents with respect to each Loan, including, without limitation, the original promissory note or notes for each Loan. No party under any Loan Document is in default thereunder beyond notice and grace periods, and no Subsidiary has delivered a notice of an event of default to any borrower or guarantor.

(i)   Other than the Star Properties, neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries own, directly or indirectly, any fee simple, leasehold or other ownership interest in any real property as of the Effective Time that will not be owned by SpinCo and its Subsidiaries after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution. There are no outstanding options, rights of first offer or rights of first refusal or other rights to purchase any Star Owned or Leased Properties or any portion thereof or interest therein and there are no agreements to enter into any contract for sale or letter of intent to sell any Star Property or any portion thereof, which, in each case, is in favor of any party other than Star or a Subsidiary of Star or Safe. Neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any agreement pursuant to which Star or any of its Subsidiaries manages, or manages the development of, any material real property for any other party.

Section 4.16   Environmental Matters.

(a)   Except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect:

(i)   (A) Star, each of its Subsidiaries and each of the Star Properties are, and since December 31, 2019 have been, in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws, which has included obtaining, maintain and complying with all Permits required under Environmental Laws; (B) there is no litigation, Action, investigation, request for information or other proceeding pending or, to the knowledge of Star, threatened against, and no judgment, decree, injunction or order of any Governmental Entity or arbitrator outstanding against, Star or any of its Subsidiaries under any Environmental Laws; and (C) since December 31, 2019 (or earlier to the extent unresolved), Star has not received any written notice regarding any actual or alleged violation of or liability under any Environmental Laws.

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(ii)   Neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has any liability (contingent or otherwise) under any Environmental Law with respect to any release or disposal of, contamination by, or exposure of any person to any Hazardous Materials, none of the Star Properties are contaminated by any Hazardous Materials, and, to the knowledge of Star, there are currently no asbestos-containing materials, polychlorinated biphenyls, or underground storage tanks, active or abandoned, used for the storage of Hazardous Materials at any Star Properties in violation of applicable Environmental Laws.

(b)   Star and its Subsidiaries have made available to Safe all environmental assessments, audits and reports and other material environmental, health or safety documents relating to the Star Properties that are in their possession or reasonable control.

Section 4.17   Intellectual Property, Rights Information Technology and Data Security.   Except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect, (a) Star and its Subsidiaries exclusively own or have a valid license or other right to use all Intellectual Property Rights (including any registrations or applications for registration of any of the foregoing) that will be used in or necessary to carry on their business after the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution (collectively, the “Star Intellectual Property”) free and clear of all Liens (except for Permitted Liens) and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not adversely affect such ownership or license or right to use, (b) Section 4.17(b) of the Star Disclosure Letter contains a complete and accurate list of all registered or applied for Star Intellectual Property owned by Star or any of its Subsidiaries that will continue to be owned by them after the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution, all of which is valid and enforceable, (c) all Persons who have been involved in the development of any Intellectual Property Rights for Star or any of its Subsidiaries have signed agreements assigning to Star or the applicable Subsidiary of Star all such Intellectual Property Rights (except to the extent such Intellectual Property Rights vest initially in Star or its Subsidiaries by operation of Law), (d) no proprietary source code of Star or its Subsidiaries has been disclosed to any third party, (e) neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to any license of Open Source Software that requires Star or any of its Subsidiaries to provide any source code for any proprietary software to any Person, (f) neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has infringed, misappropriated or violated and neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written notice of infringement, misappropriation or violation of the rights of others with respect to the conduct of the business of Star and its Subsidiaries or the use of any Star Intellectual Property, (g) to the knowledge of Star, no Person is infringing on, misappropriating or violating any of the Star Intellectual Property, (h) Star and each of its Subsidiaries has taken commercially reasonable steps to safeguard the confidentiality, security and integrity of the Systems and such Systems are free from any virus, malware or material vulnerability and are sufficient for the operation of the business of Star and its Subsidiaries and (i) there have been no material failures, breakdowns, continued substandard performance or other adverse events affecting any Systems that have not been remediated in all material respects and since December 31, 2019, neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has experienced a Security Incident.

Section 4.18   Permits.   Except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect, (a) the permits, licenses, approvals, variances, exemptions, orders, franchises, certifications and authorizations from Governmental Entities and accreditation and certification agencies, bodies or other organizations, including building permits and certificates of occupancy (collectively, “Permits”), held by Star and its Subsidiaries are valid and sufficient in all respects for all business presently conducted by Star and its Subsidiaries and for the operation of the Star Properties, (b) all applications required to have been filed for the renewal of such Permits have been duly filed on a timely basis with the appropriate Governmental Entities, and all other filings required to have been made with respect to such Permits have been duly made on a timely basis with the appropriate Governmental Entities and (c) neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any claim or notice indicating that Star or any of its Subsidiaries is currently not in compliance with the terms of any such Permits, and to the knowledge of Star, no such noncompliance exists.

Section 4.19   Insurance.   Star and its Subsidiaries have obtained and maintained in full force and effect insurance in such amounts, on such terms and covering such risks as is reasonable and customary for their business. Star or the applicable Subsidiary of Star has paid, or caused to be paid, all premiums due under such policies and is not in default with respect to any obligations under such policies in any material

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respect. All such policies are valid, outstanding and enforceable and neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has agreed to modify or cancel any of such insurance policies nor has Star or any of its Subsidiaries received any notice of any actual or threatened modification or cancellation of such insurance other than in the ordinary course of business or such as is normal and customary in Star’s industry.

Section 4.20   Brokers or Finders.   Neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries has employed any broker or finder or incurred any liability for any brokerage fees, commissions or finders fees in connection with the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution or the Star Stock Issuance or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except that the Star Special Committee has employed Lazard Freres & Co. LLC as its financial advisor.

Section 4.21   Opinion of Star Special Committee Financial Advisor.   The Star Special Committee has received the written opinion of its financial advisor, Lazard Freres & Co. LLC, to the effect that, as of the date of the opinion and subject to the assumptions and limitations set forth therein, the Common Stock Merger Consideration and SpinCo Common Shares to be received by the holders of Star’s Common Stock pursuant to this Agreement is fair, from a financial point of view, to Star. A true and correct copy of such opinion will be provided to Safe by Star solely for informational purposes after the date of this Agreement.

Section 4.22   No Additional Representations.   Except for the representations and warranties contained in Article III, Star acknowledges that neither Safe nor any Subsidiary or Representative of Safe makes, and Star acknowledges that it has not relied upon or otherwise been induced by, any other express or implied representation or warranty with respect to Safe or with respect to any other information provided or made available to Star in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including any information, documents, projections, forecasts or other material made available to Star or to Star’s Subsidiaries and Representatives in certain “data rooms” or management presentations in expectation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

ARTICLE V
COVENANTS RELATING TO CONDUCT OF BUSINESS

Section 5.1   Covenants of Safe.

(a)   From and after the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the Effective Time or termination of this Agreement in accordance with its terms, and except as (i) expressly contemplated or required by this Agreement, (ii) set forth in Section 5.1 of the Safe Disclosure Letter, (iii) required by applicable Law or the regulations or requirements of any stock exchange or regulatory organization applicable to Safe or any of its Subsidiaries, (iv) in connection with COVID-19 Measures or (v) with Star’s prior written consent (which consent is not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) or knowledge, Safe shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, use reasonable best efforts to conduct their businesses, taken as a whole, in the ordinary course of business and, consistent with the foregoing, use reasonable best efforts to preserve its business organization intact and maintain its existing relations and goodwill with customers, suppliers, distributors, creditors, lessors and tenants, and shall maintain the status of Safe as a REIT.

(b)   From and after the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the Effective Time or termination of this Agreement in accordance with its terms, and except as (i) expressly contemplated or required by this Agreement, (ii) set forth in Section 5.1 of the Safe Disclosure Letter, (iii) required by applicable Law or the regulations or requirements of any stock exchange or regulatory organization applicable to Safe or any of its Significant Subsidiaries, (iv) in connection with COVID-19 Measures or (v) with Star’s prior written consent (which consent is not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), Safe shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, do any of the following (it being understood that if any action or inaction is permitted by any clause under this Section 5.1(b) such action or inaction shall be deemed permitted pursuant to Section 5.1(a)):

(i)   other than in the ordinary course of business or in a manner that is not adverse to Safe in any material respect, amend any of the Organizational Documents of Safe or the Safe Operating Partnership or waive any provision thereunder;

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(ii)   split, combine, subdivide or reclassify any shares of capital stock or other equity interests of Safe or the Safe Operating Partnership;

(iii)   declare, set aside or pay any dividend on or make any other distributions (whether in cash, stock, property or otherwise) with respect to shares of capital stock of Safe or any of its Subsidiaries or other equity securities or ownership interests in Safe or any of its Subsidiaries, except for (A) the declaration and payment by Safe of dividends, payable quarterly with declaration, record and payment dates consistent with past practice, at a rate not to exceed a quarterly rate of $0.20 per share of Safe Common Stock, and (B) the declaration and payment of dividends or other distributions (including distributions of assets to Safe or to another direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of Safe) by any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of Safe or Safe; provided, however, that, notwithstanding the restriction on dividends and other distributions in this Section 5.1(b)(iii), Safe and any of its Subsidiaries shall, subject to Section 6.9, be permitted to make distributions, including under Section 858 or Section 860 of the Code, reasonably necessary for Safe or any of its Subsidiaries that is qualified as a REIT under the Code as of the date hereof to maintain its qualification as a REIT under the Code or applicable state Law and avoid the imposition of any entity level income or excise Tax under the Code or applicable state Law (any such distribution described in this proviso, a “Special Safe Distribution”);

(iv)   except for (A) issuances of shares of Safe Common Stock upon the exercise or settlement of Safe Equity Awards in accordance with the terms of the Safe Equity Plan and awards as in effect on the date of this Agreement and (B) issuances by a wholly owned Subsidiary of its capital stock to its parent or to another wholly owned Subsidiary of Safe, issue, deliver or sell, or authorize or propose the issuance, delivery or sale of, any shares of Safe’s capital stock or other equity interests or that of a Subsidiary of Safe, any Voting Debt, any stock appreciation rights, stock options, restricted shares or other equity-based awards (whether discretionary, formulaic or automatic grants and whether under the Safe Equity Plan or otherwise) or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or any rights, warrants or options to acquire, any such shares or equity interests or Voting Debt, or issue or authorize or propose the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for, such shares or other equity interests or Voting Debt, or enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing;

(v)   repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire, or permit any Subsidiary of Safe to redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire any shares of its capital stock or other equity interests or any securities convertible into or exercisable for any shares of its capital stock or other equity interests, except for acquisitions of shares of Safe Common Stock tendered by holders of Safe Equity Awards in accordance with the terms of the Safe Equity Plan and awards as in effect on the date of this Agreement in order to satisfy obligations to pay the exercise price and/or Tax withholding obligations with respect thereto;

(vi)   enter into or adopt a plan of merger, liquidation, consolidation, dissolution, recapitalization or reorganization or resolutions providing for or authorizing a merger, liquidation, consolidation, dissolution, recapitalization or reorganization, including any bankruptcy related action or reorganization, in each case other than transactions solely between or among wholly owned Subsidiaries of Safe;

(vii)   other than acquisitions (whether by means of merger, share exchange, consolidation, tender offer, asset or stock purchase or otherwise) and other business combinations and acquisitions (collectively, “Acquisitions”) (A) that would not reasonably be expected to materially delay, impede or prevent the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, and (B) which are made in the ordinary course of Safe’s business, acquire, by merging or consolidating with, by purchasing an equity interest in or assets of, by forming a partnership or joint venture with, or by any other manner, any real property, any personal property, any business or any corporation, partnership, association or other business organization or division thereof or otherwise acquire any assets, in each case other than transactions solely between or among wholly owned Subsidiaries of Safe;

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(viii)   sell, pledge, assign, transfer, dispose of or encumber, or effect a deed in lieu of foreclosure with respect to, or agree to any option that would require a sale or other transfer of, any property or assets, except (A) pledges and encumbrances on property and assets in the ordinary course of business and that would not be material to any assets of Safe or any of its Subsidiaries, (B) with respect to property or assets with a fair market value of less than $30,000,000, (C) transactions solely between or among wholly owned Subsidiaries of Safe, and (D) sales required by existing purchase rights or options existing on the date of this Agreement and made available to Star prior to the date of this Agreement;

(ix)   incur, create, assume, refinance, prepay or replace any Indebtedness or issue or amend or modify the terms of any debt securities or assume, guarantee or endorse, or otherwise become responsible (whether directly, contingently or otherwise) for the Indebtedness of any other Person (other than a wholly owned Subsidiary of Safe), in each case, other than in the ordinary course of business, except (A) Indebtedness of any wholly owned Subsidiary of Safe to Safe or to another wholly owned Subsidiary of Safe, and (B) the refinancing of any existing Indebtedness of Safe or any of its Subsidiaries to the extent that (1) the material terms and conditions of any newly incurred Indebtedness are reasonable market terms, (2) the aggregate principal amount of such Indebtedness is not increased as a result of such refinancing (other than to pay for accrued but unpaid interest on such refinanced Indebtedness and the reasonable fees and expenses incurred in connection with such refinancing or to pay costs) and (3) none of the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or to be consummated in connection herewith shall conflict with, or result in any violation of or default (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) under, or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation under or any other material right of the lenders (or their agents or trustees) under or any loss of a material benefit of Safe or any of its Subsidiaries under, or result in the creation of any lien under such Indebtedness, or would reasonably likely require the preparation of separate financial statements of Safe and/or any of its Subsidiaries following the Closing;

(x)   change its methods of accounting or accounting policies, except as required by changes in GAAP (or any interpretation thereof) or in applicable Law or the SEC;

(xi)   enter into, renew, modify, amend or terminate, waive, release, compromise or assign any rights or claims under, any Safe Material Contract (or any Contract that, if existing as of the date of this Agreement, would be a Safe Material Contract), except for (A) any action permitted under clauses (A) through (B) of Section 5.1(b)(ix) or under Section 5.1(b)(xii), or (B) any termination or renewal in accordance with the terms of any existing Safe Material Contract that occurs automatically without any action by Safe or any of its Subsidiaries;

(xii)   make any material loans, advances or capital contributions to, or investments in, any other Person (including to any of its officers, directors, Affiliates, agents or consultants), make any change in its existing borrowing or lending arrangements for or on behalf of such Persons, or enter into any “keep well” or similar agreement to maintain the financial condition of another entity, other than (A) by Safe or a wholly owned Subsidiary of Safe to Safe or another wholly owned Subsidiary of Safe, or (B) loans, advances or capital contributions required to be made under any Safe Lease or in the ordinary course of business;

(xiii)   take any action, or fail to take any action, which would reasonably be expected to cause Safe to fail to qualify as a REIT or any of its Subsidiaries to cease to be treated as a partnership or disregarded entity for federal income tax purposes or as a qualified REIT subsidiary, a taxable REIT subsidiary or a REIT under the applicable provisions of Section 856 of the Code, as the case may be;

(xiv)   make or commit to make any capital expenditures, other than in the ordinary course of business (including routine maintenance and repairs and in respect of new construction) or to address obligations under existing contracts or in connection with emergency repairs;

(xv)   take any action, or knowingly fail to take any action, which action or failure to act could be reasonably expected to prevent the Merger from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code;

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(xvi)   make, change or rescind any material election relating to Taxes, change a material method of Tax accounting, amend any material Tax Return, settle or compromise any material federal, state, local or foreign income Tax liability, audit, claim or assessment, enter into any material closing agreement related to Taxes, or surrender any right to claim any material refund of Taxes, except in each case as necessary or appropriate to (A) preserve Safe’s qualification as a REIT under the Code, or (B) preserve the status of any Subsidiary of Safe as a partnership or disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes or as a qualified REIT subsidiary, a taxable REIT subsidiary or a REIT under the applicable provisions of Section 856 of the Code, as the case may be; or

(xvii)   agree to, or make any commitment to, take, or authorize, any of the actions prohibited by this Section 5.1.

(c)   Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, but subject to Section 6.9, nothing in this Agreement shall prohibit Safe from taking any action, at any time or from time to time, that in the reasonable judgment of the Board of Directors of Safe, upon advice of counsel to Safe, is reasonably necessary for Safe to maintain its qualification as a REIT under the Code for any period or portion thereof ending on or prior to the Effective Time or to avoid incurring entity level income or excise Taxes under the Code, including making dividend or other distribution payments to stockholders of Safe in accordance with this Agreement or otherwise.

(d)   Safe shall (i) use its reasonable best efforts to obtain the opinions of counsel described in Section 7.2(d) and Section 7.3(d), (ii) deliver to Kirkland & Ellis LLP (or such other counsel rendering such opinion) and Clifford Chance US LLP (or such other counsel rendering such opinion) an officer’s certificate, dated as of the Closing Date (and, if required, as of the effective date of the Form S-4), signed by an officer of Safe, containing representations of Safe as shall be reasonably necessary or appropriate to enable Kirkland & Ellis LLP (or such other counsel rendering such opinion) and Clifford Chance US LLP (or such other counsel rendering such opinion) to render the opinions described in Section 7.2(d) and Section 7.3(c) respectively, on the Closing Date (and, if required, as of the effective date of the Form S-4, satisfying the requirements of Item 601 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act) (an “Safe Tax Representation Letter”), and (iii) deliver to Kirkland & Ellis LLP an officer’s certificate, dated as of the Closing Date (and, if required, as of the effective date of the Form S-4), signed by an officer of Safe and containing representations of Safe as shall be reasonably necessary or appropriate to enable Kirkland & Ellis LLP to render the opinion described in Section 7.3(d) on the Closing Date (and, if required, as of the effective date of the Form S-4, satisfying the requirements of Item 601 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act).

Section 5.2   Covenants of Star.

(a)   From and after the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the Effective Time or termination of this Agreement in accordance with its terms, and except as (i) expressly contemplated or required by this Agreement, (ii) set forth in Section 5.2 of the Star Disclosure Letter, (iii) required by applicable Law or the regulations or requirements of any stock exchange or regulatory organization applicable to Star or any of its Subsidiaries, (iv) in connection with COVID-19 Measures or (v) with Safe’s prior written consent (which consent is not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), Star shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, (A) use reasonable best efforts to conduct its business in the ordinary course of business and, consistent with the foregoing, use reasonable best efforts to preserve its business organization intact and maintain its existing relations and goodwill with customers, suppliers, distributors, creditors, lessors and tenants, (B) shall maintain the status of Star as a REIT and (C) not cause Safe or any of its Subsidiaries, to directly or indirectly, take any actions or fail to take any actions, as a result of which actions or failure to take actions Safe or any of its Subsidiaries would be unable to satisfy the conditions set forth in Section 7.1 or Section 7.3 of this Agreement or would be in breach of this Agreement.

(b)   From and after the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the Effective Time or termination of this Agreement in accordance with its terms, and except as (i) expressly contemplated or required by this Agreement, (ii) set forth in Section 5.2 of the Star Disclosure Letter, (iii) required by applicable Law or the regulations or requirements of any stock exchange or regulatory organization applicable to

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Star or any of its Subsidiaries, (iv) in connection with COVID-19 Measures or (v) with Safe’s prior written consent (which consent is not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), Star shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, do any of the following (it being understood that if any action or inaction is permitted by any clause under this Section 5.2(b) such action or inaction shall be deemed permitted pursuant to Section 5.2(a)):

(i)   amend any of the Organizational Documents of Star or any of its Subsidiaries (other than the Organizational Documents of SpinCo and Subsidiaries of Star that will be Subsidiaries of SpinCo in connection with the SpinCo Reorganization) or waive any provision thereunder, other than the Charter Amendment and the Par Value Charter Amendment;

(ii)   split, combine, subdivide or reclassify any shares of capital stock or other equity interests of Star or any of its Subsidiaries (other than the Reverse Split);

(iii)   enter into any new material line of business or form or enter into a material partnership, joint venture, strategic alliance or similar arrangement with a third party;

(iv)   declare, set aside or pay any dividend on or make any other distributions (whether in cash, stock, property or otherwise) with respect to shares of capital stock of Star or any of its Subsidiaries or other equity securities or ownership interests in Star or any of its Subsidiaries, except for (A) the declaration and payment by Star of dividends, payable quarterly with declaration, record and payment dates consistent with past practice, at a rate not to exceed a quarterly rate of $0.125 per share of Star Common Stock, (B) the declaration and payment by Star of dividends pursuant to the terms of the Star Series D Preferred Stock, Star Series G Preferred Stock and Star Series I Preferred Stock, (C) the declaration and payment of dividends or other distributions to Star by any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of Star, (D) distributions among wholly-owned Subsidiaries as part of the SpinCo Reorganization and (E) the SpinCo Distribution; provided, however, that, notwithstanding the restriction on dividends and other distributions in this Section 5.2(b)(iv), Star and any of its Subsidiaries shall, subject to Section 6.9, be permitted to make distributions, including under Section 858 or Section 860 of the Code, reasonably necessary for Star or any of its Subsidiaries that is qualified as a REIT under the Code as of the date hereof to maintain its qualification as a REIT under the Code or applicable state Law and avoid the imposition of any entity level income or excise Tax under the Code or applicable state Law (any such distribution described in this proviso, a “Special Star Distribution”);

(v)   except for (A) issuances of shares of Star Common Stock upon the exercise or settlement of Star equity awards in accordance with the terms of the applicable Star Equity Plan and awards as in effect on the date of this Agreement, (B) issuances by a wholly owned Subsidiary of its capital stock or other equity interests to its parent or to another wholly owned Subsidiary of Star and (C) issuances of Star Common Stock in connection with (i) conversions of Star Convertible Notes in accordance with the terms of the Star Convertible Notes Indenture or (ii) exchanges of Star Convertible Notes in accordance with the limitations set forth in Section 5.2(b)(v) of the Star Disclosure Letter, issue, deliver or sell, or authorize or propose the issuance, delivery or sale of, any shares of Star’s capital stock or other equity interests or that of a Subsidiary of Star, any Voting Debt, any stock appreciation rights, stock options, restricted shares or other equity-based awards (whether discretionary, formulaic or automatic grants and whether under the Star Equity Plans or otherwise) or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or any rights, warrants or options to acquire, any such shares or equity interests or Voting Debt, or issue or authorize or propose the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for, such shares or other equity interests or Voting Debt, or enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing;

(vi)   repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire, or permit any Subsidiary of Star to redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire any shares of its capital stock or other equity interests or any securities convertible into or exercisable for any shares of its capital stock or other equity interests, except for (A) acquisitions of shares of Star Common Stock tendered by holders of Star equity awards in accordance with the terms of the applicable Star Equity Plan and awards as in effect on the date of this Agreement in order to satisfy obligations to pay the exercise price and/or Tax

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withholding obligations with respect thereto and (B) acquisitions of Star Convertible Notes in connection with conversion of Star Convertible Notes for Star Common Stock in accordance with the Star Convertible Notes Indenture or exchange of Star Convertible Notes in accordance with the limitations set forth in Section 5.2(b)(vi) of the Star Disclosure Letter;

(vii)   enter into or adopt a plan of merger, liquidation, consolidation, dissolution, recapitalization or reorganization or resolutions providing for or authorizing a merger, liquidation, consolidation, dissolution, recapitalization or reorganization, including any bankruptcy related action or reorganization, in each case other than transactions solely between or among wholly owned Subsidiaries of Star and other than in connection with SpinCo Reorganization and SpinCo Distribution;

(viii)   other than Acquisitions (A) that would not reasonably be expected to materially delay, impede or prevent the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, and (B) for which the fair market value of the total consideration paid by Star and its Subsidiaries in such Acquisitions does not exceed $2,500,000 per calendar quarter in the aggregate, acquire, by merging or consolidating with, by purchasing an equity interest in or assets of, by forming a partnership or joint venture with, or by any other manner, any real property, any personal property, any business or any corporation, partnership, association or other business organization or division thereof or otherwise acquire any assets, in each case other than transactions solely between or among wholly owned Subsidiaries of Star;

(ix)   sell, pledge, assign, transfer, dispose of or encumber, or effect a deed in lieu of foreclosure with respect to, any property or assets (tangible or intangible), or voluntarily exercise any purchase or sale rights or rights of first offer, except (A) pledges and encumbrances on property and assets in the ordinary course of business and that would not be material to any Star Property or any other assets of Star or any of its Subsidiaries, (B) with respect to property or assets with a fair market value of less than $30,000,000 per calendar quarter in the aggregate, (C) transactions solely between or among wholly owned Subsidiaries of Star, (D) sales required by existing purchase rights or options existing on the date of this Agreement and made available to Safe prior to the date of this Agreement, (E) sales of assets that would otherwise be owned by SpinCo and its Subsidiaries after the SpinCo Distribution if such assets had not been sold, (F) sales of Safe Common Stock expressly permitted in the Voting Agreement, (G) syndicating limited partnership interests in the Star Joint Ventures and (H) sales of GL+ assets to Safe pursuant to existing agreements between Star and Safe to purchase the assets;

(x)   incur, create, assume, refinance, prepay or replace any Indebtedness or issue or amend or modify the terms of any debt securities or assume, guarantee or endorse, or otherwise become responsible (whether directly, contingently or otherwise) for the Indebtedness of any other Person (other than a wholly owned Subsidiary of Star), except (A) Indebtedness incurred under Star’s existing revolving credit facility for working capital purposes in the ordinary course of business, (B) Indebtedness of any wholly owned Subsidiary of Star to Star or to another wholly owned Subsidiary of Star, and (C) the refinancing of any existing Indebtedness of Star or any of its Subsidiaries to the extent that (1) the material terms and conditions of any newly incurred Indebtedness are reasonable market terms and (2) the aggregate principal amount of such Indebtedness is not increased as a result of such refinancing (other than to pay for accrued but unpaid interest on such refinanced Indebtedness and the reasonable fees and expenses incurred in connection with such refinancing) and (D) the redemption of Star’s Existing Notes and the termination of the Star Credit Facilities in accordance with Section 6.12;

(xi)   change its methods of accounting or accounting policies, except as required by changes in GAAP (or any interpretation thereof) or in applicable Law or the SEC;

(xii)   enter into, renew, modify, amend or terminate, waive, release, compromise or assign any material rights or claims under, any Star Material Contract (or any Contract that, if existing as of the date of this Agreement, would be a Star Material Contract), or materially changes its course of conduct under the Management Agreement or alter its past practices for computing amounts payable thereunder, except for (A) any action permitted under Section 5.2(b)(iii),

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clauses (A) through (C) of Section 5.2(b)(x) or under Section 5.2(b)(xiii), (B) entering into any new Contract or renewing any Contract in the ordinary course of business on market terms or (C) any termination or renewal in accordance with the terms of any existing Star Material Contract that occurs automatically without any action by Star or any of its Subsidiaries;

(xiii)   enter into, renew, modify, amend or terminate, waive, release, compromise or assign any rights or claims under, any Star Lease (or any lease for real property that, if existing as of the date hereof, would be a Star Lease), except for (A) entering into any new lease or renewing any Star Lease in the ordinary course of business on market terms, (B) terminating any Star Lease as a result of a default by the counterparty to such Star Lease (in accordance with the terms of such Star Lease and subject to any applicable cure period therein), or (C) any termination or renewal in accordance with the terms of any existing Star Lease that occurs automatically without any action by Star or any of its Subsidiaries;

(xiv)   make any material loans, advances or capital contributions to, or investments in, any other Person (including to any of its officers, directors, Affiliates, agents or consultants), make any change in its existing borrowing or lending arrangements for or on behalf of such Persons, or enter into any “keep well” or similar agreement to maintain the financial condition of another entity, other than (A) by Star or a wholly owned Subsidiary of Star to Star or another wholly owned Subsidiary of Star, (B) loans or advances required to be made under any Star Lease or (C) loans made in the ordinary course of business;

(xv)   take any action, or fail to take any action, which would reasonably be expected to cause Star to fail to qualify as a REIT or any of its Subsidiaries to cease to be treated as a partnership or disregarded entity for federal income tax purposes or as a qualified REIT subsidiary, a taxable REIT subsidiary or a REIT under the applicable provisions of Section 856 of the Code, as the case may be;

(xvi)   take any action, or knowingly fail to take any action, which action or failure to act could be reasonably expected to prevent the Merger from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code;

(xvii)   make, change or rescind any material election relating to Taxes, change a material method of Tax accounting, amend any material Tax Return, settle or compromise any material federal, state, local or foreign income Tax liability, audit, claim or assessment, enter into any material closing agreement related to Taxes, or surrender any right to claim any material refund of Taxes, except in each case as necessary or appropriate to (A) preserve Star’s qualification as a REIT under the Code, or (B) preserve the status of any Subsidiary of Star as a partnership or disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes or as a qualified REIT subsidiary, a taxable REIT subsidiary or a REIT under the applicable provisions of Section 856 of the Code, as the case may be;

(xviii)   other than with respect to matters for which Star and its Subsidiaries will not be responsible after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution, waive, release, assign, settle or compromise any claim, action, litigation, arbitration or proceeding, other than waivers, releases, assignments, settlements or compromises that (A) with respect to the payment of monetary damages, involve only the payment of monetary damages (excluding any portion of such payment payable under an existing property-level insurance policy) that do not exceed $2,500,000 in the aggregate, (B) do not involve the imposition of injunctive relief against Star or any of its Subsidiaries, and (C) do not provide for any admission of any liability by Star or any of its Subsidiaries;

(xix)   except as required by applicable Law or the terms of any Star Benefit Plan in effect as of the date hereof and listed on Section 4.10(a) of the Star Disclosure Letter, (A) increase or materially decrease the compensation of any current or former directors, employees or other individual service providers of Star or any of its Subsidiaries, (B) grant any new equity-based awards to any current or former directors, employees or other individual service providers of Star or any of its Subsidiaries, other than any equity-based awards granted in the ordinary course of business;

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(C) establish, adopt, enter into or amend any Star Benefit Plan or any other benefit or compensation plan, policy, program, agreement or arrangement that would be a Star Benefit Plan if in effect on the date hereof or (D) take any action to accelerate the vesting or payment, or fund or in any way secure the payment, of compensation or benefits under any Star Benefit Plan; except, in the case of clauses (B) and (C), (1) in conjunction with annual renewal or plan design changes for the Star Benefit Plans providing group health or welfare benefits that are made in the ordinary course of business and do not materially increase the cost to Star or any of its Subsidiaries or (2) in conjunction with new hires, promotions and changes in job position or status of any current employee or other service provider, consistent with past practice (including taking actions otherwise prohibited by Section 5.2(b)(v) when consistent with past practice);

(xx)   negotiate, extend, or enter into any Labor Agreement or recognize or certify any labor union, labor organization, or group of employees as the bargaining representative for any employees of Star or its Subsidiaries;

(xxi)   implement any reductions in force, plant closings, temporary layoffs, material work schedule changes or other such actions that could implicate the WARN Act;

(xxii)   waive or release any restrictive covenant obligation of any current or former employee or independent contractor;

(xxiii)   enter into any Contract with, or engage in any transaction with, any of its Affiliates (other than its Subsidiaries, or, with the prior approval of the independent directors of each of Safe and Star, Star or Subsidiaries of Star), directors or stockholders (or Affiliates of the foregoing (other than its Subsidiaries, or, with the prior approval of the independent directors of each of Safe and Star, Star or Subsidiaries of Star), other than transactions with directors and officers in the ordinary course as long as such transactions applicable for all directors or all officers, respectively, and other than as expressly permitted by the foregoing clause (xix); or

(xxiv)   agree to, or make any commitment to, take, or authorize, any of the actions prohibited by this Section 5.2.

(c)   Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, but subject to Section 6.9, nothing in this Agreement shall prohibit Star from taking any action, at any time or from time to time, that in the reasonable judgment of the Board of Directors of Star, upon advice of counsel to Star, is reasonably necessary for Star to maintain its qualification as a REIT under the Code for any period or portion thereof ending on or prior to the Effective Time or to avoid incurring entity level income or excise Taxes under the Code, including making dividend or other distribution payments to stockholders of Star in accordance with this Agreement or otherwise.

(d)   Star shall (i) use its reasonable best efforts to obtain the opinion of counsel described in Section 7.2(e) and Section 7.3(c), (ii) deliver to Clifford Chance US LLP (or such other counsel rendering such opinion) and Kirkland & Ellis LLP (or such other counsel rendering such opinion) an officer’s certificate, dated as of the Closing Date (and, if required, as of the effective date of the Form S-4), signed by an officer of Star, containing representations of Star as shall be reasonably necessary or appropriate to enable Clifford Chance US LLP (or such other counsel rendering such opinion) and Kirkland & Ellis LLP (or such other counsel rendering such opinion) to render the opinions described in Section 7.2(d) and Section 7.3(c), respectively, on the Closing Date (and, if required, as of the effective date of the Form S-4, satisfying the requirements of Item 601 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act) (a “Star Tax Representation Letter”); and (iii) deliver to Clifford Chance US LLP (or such other counsel rendering such opinion) an officer’s certificate, dated as of the Closing Date (and, if required, as of the effective date of the Form S-4), signed by an officer of Star, containing representations of Star as shall be reasonably necessary or appropriate to enable Clifford Chance US LLP (or such other counsel rendering such opinion) to render the opinion described in Section 7.2(e) on the Closing Date (and, if required, as of the effective date of the Form S-4, satisfying the requirements of Item 601 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act).

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(e)   Following the Effective Time, Star shall use commercially reasonable efforts to take any action reasonably required to be taken by Star, as successor to Safe, in order to cure any failure of Safe to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any period ending on or prior to the Effective Time, unless Star determines that such action would have a material adverse impact on Star.

ARTICLE VI
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS

Section 6.1   Preparation of Joint Proxy Statement; Stockholders Meetings.

(a)   As promptly as reasonably practicable following the date of this Agreement, Star and Safe shall cooperate in preparing and shall cause to be filed with the SEC mutually acceptable proxy materials which shall constitute the joint proxy statement/prospectus relating to the matters to be submitted to the Safe stockholders at the Safe Stockholders Meeting and to the Star stockholders at the Star Stockholders Meeting (such joint proxy statement/prospectus, and any amendments or supplements thereto, the “Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus”), and Star shall prepare and file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-4 (of which the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus shall be a part) with respect to the Star Stock Issuance (such Form S-4, and any amendments or supplements thereto, the “Form S-4”). Each of Star and Safe shall furnish all information required to be disclosed in the Form S-4 and Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus concerning itself, its Affiliates and the holders of its capital stock to the other, including all information necessary for the preparation of pro forma financial statements, and provide such other assistance as may be reasonably requested in connection with the preparation, filing and distribution of the Form S-4 and Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus. Prior to filing the Form S-4 (or any amendment or supplement thereto) or filing or mailing the Joint Proxy Statement/​Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) or responding to any comments of the SEC with respect thereto, each of Star and Safe shall cooperate and provide the other a reasonable opportunity to review and comment on such document or response, and each Party will provide the other Party with a copy of all such filings made with the SEC. Star and Safe shall use reasonable best efforts to have the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus cleared by the SEC and the Form S-4 declared effective by the SEC and to keep the Form S-4 effective as long as is necessary to consummate the Merger and the transactions contemplated thereby. Star and Safe shall, as promptly as practicable after receipt thereof, provide the other Party with copies of any written comments and advise the other Party of any oral comments with respect to the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus or the Form S-4 received from the SEC. Each Party shall use its reasonable best efforts to take any action required to be taken under any applicable state securities laws in connection with the Merger, and each Party shall furnish all information concerning it, its Affiliates and the holders of its capital stock as may be reasonably requested in connection with any such action. Each Party will advise the other Party, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the time when the Form S-4 has become effective, the issuance of any stop order, the suspension of the qualification of the Star Common Stock issuable in connection with the Merger for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or any request by the SEC for amendment of the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus or the Form S-4. If, at any time prior to the Effective Time, any information relating to either of the Parties, or their respective Affiliates, officers or directors, should be discovered by either Party, and such information should be set forth in an amendment or supplement to any of the Form S-4 or the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus so that such documents would not include any misstatement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, the Party that discovers such information shall promptly notify the other Party and, to the extent required by law, rules or regulations, an appropriate amendment or supplement describing such information shall be promptly filed with the SEC and disseminated to the stockholders of Star and Safe.

(b)   Safe shall duly take all lawful action to call, give notice of, convene and hold a meeting of its stockholders as promptly as practicable following the date upon which the Form S-4 becomes effective (the “Safe Stockholders Meeting”) for the purpose of obtaining the Safe Required Vote. Unless a Change in Safe Recommendation has occurred in accordance with Section 6.4, Safe and the Board of Directors of Safe shall use their reasonable best efforts to obtain from the stockholders of Safe the Safe Required Vote. Unless a Change in Safe Recommendation has occurred in accordance with Section 6.4, Safe and its Board of Directors will recommend to its stockholders approval of the Merger and Safe

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shall cause the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus and the Form S-4 to include such recommendation. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 6.1(b), if, on the date for which the Safe Stockholders Meeting is scheduled, Safe has not received proxies representing a sufficient number of shares of Safe Common Stock to obtain the Safe Required Vote, whether or not a quorum is present, Safe shall have the right to (and at the request of Star shall) make one or more successive postponements or adjournments of the Safe Stockholders Meeting; provided that, without the prior consent of Star, the Safe Stockholders Meeting is not postponed or adjourned to a date that is more than 30 days after the date for which the Safe Stockholders Meeting was originally scheduled (excluding any adjournments or postponements required by applicable Law). Nothing contained in this Agreement (absent termination of this Agreement in accordance with its terms) shall be deemed to relieve Safe of its obligation to submit the Merger to its stockholders for a vote on the approval thereof. Safe agrees that, unless this Agreement shall have been terminated in accordance with Section 8.1, its obligations to hold the Safe Stockholders Meeting pursuant to this Section 6.1 shall not be affected by the commencement, public proposal, public disclosure or communication to Safe or its Board of Directors of any Acquisition Proposal, by any Change in Safe Recommendation or by any development, fact, circumstance or change that would give rise to a right to make a Change in Safe Recommendation.

(c)   Star shall duly take all lawful action to call, give notice of, convene and hold a meeting of its stockholders as promptly as practicable following the date upon which the Form S-4 becomes effective (the “Star Stockholders Meeting”) for the purpose of obtaining the Star Required Vote. Unless a Change in Star Recommendation has occurred in accordance with Section 6.4, Star and the Board of Directors of Star shall use its reasonable best efforts to obtain from the stockholders of Star the Star Required Vote. Unless a Change in Star Recommendation has occurred in accordance with Section 6.4, Star and its Board of Directors will recommend to its stockholders approval of the Merger and the Star Stock Issuance and Star shall cause the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus and the Form S-4 to include such recommendation. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 6.1(c), if, on the date for which the Star Stockholders Meeting is scheduled, Star has not received proxies representing a sufficient number of shares of Star Common Stock to obtain the Star Required Vote, whether or not a quorum is present, Star shall have the right to (and at the request of Safe shall) make one or more successive postponements or adjournments of the Star Stockholders Meeting; provided that, without the prior consent of Safe, the Star Stockholders Meeting is not postponed or adjourned to a date that is more than 30 days after the date for which the Star Stockholders Meeting was originally scheduled (excluding any adjournments or postponements required by applicable Law). Nothing contained in this Agreement (absent termination of this Agreement in accordance with its terms) shall be deemed to relieve Star of its obligation to submit the Merger and the Star Stock Issuance to its stockholders for a vote on the approval thereof. Star agrees that, unless this Agreement shall have been terminated in accordance with Section 8.1, its obligations to hold the Star Stockholders Meeting pursuant to this Section 6.1 shall not be affected by the commencement, public proposal, public disclosure or communication to Star or its Board of Directors of any Acquisition Proposal, by any Change in Star Recommendation or by any development, fact, circumstance or change that would give rise to a right to make a Change in Star Recommendation.

(d)   Each of Star and Safe shall cooperate and use their reasonable best efforts to cause the Star Stockholders Meeting and the Safe Stockholders Meeting to be held on the same date and as soon as reasonably practicable after the date of this Agreement.

Section 6.2   Access to Information.   Upon reasonable notice, and at the reasonable request of Safe, Star shall (and shall cause its Subsidiaries to) afford to the Representatives of Safe, reasonable access, during normal business hours during the period prior to the Effective Time, to all its properties (other than for purposes of invasive testing), books, contracts, records and Representatives; provided that all such access shall be coordinated through Star or its Representatives in accordance with such procedures as they may reasonably establish. Neither Star nor any of its Subsidiaries shall be required to provide access to or to disclose information where such access or disclosure would violate or prejudice the rights of its customers, jeopardize the attorney-client privilege of the institution in possession or control of such information or contravene any Law or binding agreement entered into prior to the date of this Agreement. The Parties will make appropriate substitute disclosure arrangements under circumstances in which the restrictions of the preceding sentence apply. No such investigation by Safe shall affect the representations and warranties of Star.

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Section 6.3   Efforts.

(a)   Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, each of Star and Safe shall use its reasonable best efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions and to do promptly, or cause to be done promptly, and to assist and cooperate with each other in doing, all things necessary, proper or advisable under applicable Law to consummate and make effective the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution, the Star Stock Issuance and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including preparing and filing as promptly as practicable all documentation to effect all necessary filings, notices, petitions, statements, registrations, submissions of information, applications and other documents necessary to consummate the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution, the Star Stock Issuance and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement. In furtherance and not in limitation of the foregoing, (i) each of Star and Safe shall (A) use its reasonable best efforts to cooperate with the other Party in determining which filings are required to be made prior to the Closing with, and which consents, clearances, approvals, permits or authorizations are required to be obtained prior to the Closing from, any Governmental Entity or any other Person in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution, the Star Stock Issuance and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement and in timely making all such filings, (B) promptly furnish the other Party, subject in appropriate cases to appropriate confidentiality agreements to limit disclosure to outside lawyers and consultants, with such information and reasonable assistance as such other Party may reasonably request in connection with their preparation of necessary filings, registrations and submissions of information to any Governmental Entity, (C) supply as promptly as reasonably practicable any additional information and documentary material that may be requested pursuant to any applicable Laws by any Governmental Entity, and (D) take or cause to be taken all other actions necessary, proper or advisable to obtain applicable clearances, consents, authorizations, approvals or waivers and cause the expiration or termination of the applicable waiting periods with respect to the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution, the Star Stock Issuance and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement under any applicable Laws as promptly as practicable and (ii) Star shall take, or cause to be taken, all actions and do, or cause to be done, all things necessary, proper or advisable to obtain the Additional Cash Proceeds as promptly as practicable and in any event prior to the Outside Date.

(b)   Each of the Parties shall, in connection with the efforts referenced in Section 6.3(a), (i) use its reasonable best efforts to cooperate in all respects with each other in connection with any investigation or other inquiry, including any proceeding initiated by a private party; (ii) promptly notify the other Party of any communication concerning this Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated hereby to that Party from or with any Governmental Entity, or from any other Person alleging that the consent of such person (or another Person) is or may be required in connection with the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution, the Star Stock Issuance or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and consider in good faith the views of the other Party and keep the other Party reasonably informed of the status of matters related to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including furnishing the other Party with any written notices or other communications received by such Party from, or given by such Party to, any Governmental Entity and of any communication received or given in connection with any proceeding by a private party, in each case regarding any of the transactions contemplated hereby, except that any materials concerning one Party’s valuation of the other Party may be redacted; and (iii) permit the other Party to review in draft any proposed substantive or other non-ministerial communication to be submitted by it to any Governmental Entity with reasonable time and opportunity to comment, and consult with each other in advance of any in-person or substantive or other non-ministerial telephonic meeting or conference with any Governmental Entity or, in connection with any proceeding by a private party, with any other Person, and, to the extent permitted by the applicable Governmental Entity or Person, not agree to participate in any meeting or substantive or other non-ministerial discussion with any Governmental Entity relating to any filings or investigations concerning this Agreement and or any of the transactions contemplated hereby unless it consults with the other Party and its Representatives in advance and invites the other Party’s Representatives to

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attend in accordance with applicable Laws. In furtherance of the foregoing, prior to being exchanged with the other Party, any materials may be redacted (A) to remove references concerning the valuation of Star, Safe or the Surviving Corporation; (B) as necessary to comply with contractual arrangements entered into prior to the date of this Agreement or applicable Laws; and (C) as necessary to address reasonable attorney-client or other privilege or confidentiality concerns. Star shall keep Safe promptly informed of its efforts to obtain the Additional Cash Proceeds and shall promptly furnish Safe with all information and documents reasonably requested by Safe or its Representatives in connection with such efforts.

(c)   In furtherance and not in limitation of the foregoing, each of Star and Safe shall use its reasonable best efforts to resolve objections, if any, as may be asserted with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement under any Laws, including defending any lawsuits or other legal proceedings, whether judicial or administrative, challenging this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (including seeking to have any stay, temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction entered by any court or other Governmental Entity vacated or reversed).

(d)   Star and Safe shall reasonably cooperate with each other and use their respective reasonable best efforts to take such actions as the other may reasonably request to obtain any consents from any third parties (excluding any Governmental Entity) as may be reasonably required to consummate the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution, the Star Stock Issuance or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement; provided that Star and Safe shall not be required to, and shall not without the other Party’s written approval (not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), incur any material expenses or liabilities in order to obtain such consents.

(e)   Each of Safe and Star shall, if any state takeover statute or similar statute becomes applicable to this Agreement, the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution, the Star Stock Issuance or any other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, use all reasonable best efforts to ensure that the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution, the Star Stock Issuance and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement may be consummated as promptly as practicable on the terms contemplated hereby and otherwise to minimize the effect of such statute or regulation on this Agreement, the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution and the Star Stock Issuance and the other transactions contemplated hereby.

Section 6.4   Non-Solicitation; Change in Recommendation.

(a)   Each of Safe and Star agrees that it will and will cause its Subsidiaries and its and their Representatives to, cease immediately and terminate any and all existing activities, discussions or negotiations with any third parties conducted heretofore with respect to any Acquisition Proposal.

(b)   Each of Safe and Star agrees that neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of the Affiliates, directors, officers and employees of it or its Subsidiaries shall, and that it shall cause its and its Subsidiaries’ other Representatives not to, directly or indirectly, (i) initiate, solicit, propose, knowingly encourage or facilitate any inquiry or the making of any proposal or offer that constitutes, or would reasonably be expected to lead to, an Acquisition Proposal, or any other effort or attempt to make or implement an Acquisition Proposal, (ii) engage in, continue or otherwise participate in any discussions with or negotiations relating to any Acquisition Proposal or any inquiry, proposal or offer that would reasonably be expected to lead to an Acquisition Proposal (other than to state that the terms of this Agreement prohibit such discussions), (iii) provide any nonpublic information or data to any Person in connection with any Acquisition Proposal or any inquiry, proposal or offer that would reasonably be expected to lead to an Acquisition Proposal, (iv) approve or execute or enter into any letter of intent, agreement in principle, merger agreement, business combination agreement, sale or purchase agreement or share exchange agreement, option agreement or any other similar agreement related to any Acquisition Proposal (an “Acquisition Agreement”) or (v) propose or agree to do any of the foregoing.

(c)   Notwithstanding the foregoing, prior to its respective meeting of stockholders to be held pursuant to Section 6.1, in response to an unsolicited, bona fide written Acquisition Proposal (that did

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not result from such Party’s breach of this Section 6.4) made after the date of this Agreement, subject to compliance with the other terms of this Section 6.4 and Safe or Star, as applicable, first entering into an Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement with the Person who has made such Acquisition Proposal, Safe or Star, as applicable, shall be permitted to (A) engage in discussions and negotiations with the Person who has made such Acquisition Proposal and (B) provide any nonpublic information or data in response to a request therefor to the Person who has made such Acquisition Proposal; provided that prior to taking any action described in clause (A) or (B) above, the Safe Special Committee or the Star Special Committee, as applicable, determines in good faith after consultation with outside legal counsel that (1) based on the information then available and after consultation with its financial advisor, such Acquisition Proposal either constitutes a Superior Proposal or is reasonably likely to result in a Superior Proposal and (2) the failure to take such action would be inconsistent with the duties of the directors of the applicable board under applicable Law. Safe or Star, as applicable, shall provide the other with a copy of any nonpublic information or data provided to any Person pursuant to the prior sentence prior to or simultaneously with furnishing such information to such Person, unless such information has been previously made available to Safe or Star, as applicable.

(i)   Each of Safe and Star shall notify the other Party promptly (but in no event later than 48 hours) after receipt of any Acquisition Proposal, or any request for nonpublic information relating to such Party or any of its Subsidiaries by any Person that informs such Party or any of its Subsidiaries that it is considering making, or has made, an Acquisition Proposal, or any inquiry from any Person seeking to have discussions or negotiations with such Party relating to a possible Acquisition Proposal. Such notice shall be made orally and confirmed in writing, and shall indicate the identity of the person making the Acquisition Proposal, inquiry or request and the material terms and conditions of any inquiries, proposals or offers (including a copy thereof if in writing and any related material documentation or material correspondence, including proposed agreements). Each Party shall also promptly, and in any event within 48 hours, notify the other Party if it enters into discussions or negotiations concerning any Acquisition Proposal or provides nonpublic information or data to any person in accordance with this Section 6.4(c) and keep the other Party reasonably informed of the status and terms of any such proposals, offers, discussions or negotiations on a reasonably current basis, including by providing a copy of all material documentation or material correspondence relating thereto, including proposed agreements and any material change in its intentions as previously notified.

(ii)   Except as provided in Section 6.4(c)(iii) or Section 6.4(c)(iv), neither the Board of Directors of Safe, the Board of Directors of Star, nor any committee thereof shall withhold, withdraw, qualify or modify in any manner adverse to the other Party, or propose publicly or resolve to withhold, withdraw, qualify or modify in any manner adverse to the other Party, the approval, recommendation or declaration of advisability by the Board of Directors of Safe or the Board of Directors of Star, as applicable, or any such committee thereof, of this Agreement, the Merger or the other transactions contemplated hereby (a “Change in Safe Recommendation” or a “Change in Star Recommendation,” respectively).

(iii)   Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary (but subject to this Section 6.4(c)(iii)), prior to its respective meeting of stockholders to be held pursuant to Section 5.1, with respect to an Acquisition Proposal, the Board of Directors of Safe (acting on the recommendation of the Safe Special Committee) or Board of Directors of Star (acting on the recommendation of the Star Special Committee), as applicable, may make a Change in Safe Recommendation or a Change in Star Recommendation, as applicable, or authorize Safe or Star, as applicable, to terminate this Agreement to enter into an Acquisition Agreement, in each case, if and only if (A) an unsolicited bona fide written Acquisition Proposal (that did not result from a breach of this Section 6.4) is made to Safe or Star, as applicable, by a third party, and such Acquisition Proposal is not withdrawn, (B) the Board of Directors of Safe (acting upon the recommendation of the Safe Special Committee) or the Board of Directors of Star (acting on the recommendation of the Star Special Committee), as applicable, determines in good faith (after consultation with its outside legal counsel and financial advisors) that such Acquisition Proposal constitutes a Superior Proposal, (C) the Board of Directors of Safe (acting on the recommendation of the Safe Special Committee) or the Board of Directors of Star (acting on the recommendation

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of the Star Special Committee), as applicable, has determined in good faith (after consultation with its outside legal counsel) that failure to do so would be inconsistent with the duties of the directors of the applicable board under applicable Law, (D) five Business Days shall have elapsed since the time the Party proposing to take such action has given written notice to the other Party advising such other Party that the notifying Party intends to take such action and specifying in reasonable detail the reasons therefor, including the terms and conditions of any such Superior Proposal that is the basis of the proposed action (a “Notice of Superior Proposal Recommendation Change”) (it being understood that any amendment to any material term of such Superior Proposal (including any change in the form or amount of consideration) shall require a new Notice of Superior Proposal Recommendation Change and a new five Business Day period), (E) during such five Business Day period, the notifying Party has considered and, at the reasonable request of the other Party, engaged in good faith discussions with such Party regarding, any adjustment or modification of the terms of this Agreement proposed by the other Party, and (F) the applicable Board of Directors proposing to take such action, following such five Business Day period, acting at the recommendation of the Safe Special Committee or the Star Special Committee, as applicable, again determines in good faith (after consultation with outside legal counsel and financial advisors, and taking into account any adjustment or modification of the terms of this Agreement proposed by the other Party) that such Acquisition Proposal constitutes a Superior Proposal and failure to do so would be inconsistent with the duties of the directors of the applicable board under applicable Law; provided, that in the case of termination of this Agreement to enter into an Acquisition Agreement pursuant to this Section 6.4(c)(iii), (1) the terminating Party shall pay or cause to be paid to the other Party the Safe Termination Fee or the Star Termination Fee, as applicable, required to be paid pursuant to Section 8.2(b) or Section 8.2(c), respectively, in connection with such termination and (2) neither the Party nor any Subsidiary or Representative thereof shall enter into any Acquisition Agreement unless this Agreement has been or is prior to or substantially concurrently terminated in accordance with its terms.

(iv)   Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary (but subject to this Section 6.4(c)(iv)), in circumstances not involving or relating to an Acquisition Proposal, prior to its respective meeting of stockholders to be held pursuant to Section 5.1, the Board of Directors of Safe or Board of Directors of Star, as applicable, may make a Change in Safe Recommendation or a Change in Star Recommendation, as applicable, if and only if (A) a material change or development has occurred or arisen after the date of this Agreement that was neither known to such Party or its directors nor reasonably foreseeable as of the date of this Agreement (and which change or development does not involve or relate to an Acquisition Proposal), (B) the Board of Directors of Safe (acting on the recommendation of the Safe Special Committee) or the Board of Directors of Star (acting on the recommendation of the Star Special Committee), as applicable, has determined in good faith (after consultation with outside legal counsel) that failure to do so would be inconsistent with the applicable board’s duties under applicable Law, (C) five Business Days shall have elapsed since the time the Party proposing to take such action has given written notice to the other Party advising such other Party that the notifying Party intends to take such action and specifying in reasonable detail the reasons therefor, (D) during such five Business Day period, the notifying Party has considered and, at the reasonable request of the other Party, engaged in good faith discussions with such Party regarding, any adjustment or modification of the terms of this Agreement proposed by the other Party, and (E) the applicable Board of Directors proposing to take such action, following such five Business Day period, acting at the recommendation of the Safe Special Committee or the Star Special Committee, as applicable, again determines in good faith (after consultation with outside legal counsel, and taking into account any adjustment or modification of the terms of this Agreement proposed by the other Party) that failure to do so would be inconsistent with the applicable board’s duties under applicable Law.

(v)   Nothing contained in this Section 6.4 shall prohibit the Board of Directors of Safe, the Safe Special Committee, the Board of Directors of Star or the Star Special Committee, as applicable, from: (A) taking and disclosing to the stockholders of Safe or Star, as applicable, a position contemplated by Rule 14e-2(a), Rule 14d-9 or Item 1012(a) of Regulation M-A promulgated under the Exchange Act, or (B) making any “stop, look and listen” communication to the stockholders

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of Safe or Star, as applicable pursuant to Rule 14d-9(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act; provided that the foregoing clause (A) or (B) shall not permit the Board of Directors of Safe, the Board of Directors of Star or any committee thereof, as applicable, to make any Change in Safe Recommendation or Change in Star Recommendation, as applicable, except as permitted by Section 6.4(c)(iii) or Section 6.4(c)(iv).

Section 6.5   Listing of Shares.   Star shall use reasonable best efforts to cause (a) the shares of Star Common Stock to be issued in connection with the Merger to be approved for listing on the NYSE and (b) the SpinCo Common Shares being distributed in connection with the SpinCo Distribution to be approved for listing on the Designated Exchange, in each case, subject to official notice of issuance.

Section 6.6   Fees and Expenses.   Whether or not the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution and/or the Star Stock Issuance are consummated, all costs and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement, the Separation and Distribution Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby shall be paid by the Party incurring such expense, except as otherwise provided in Section 8.2. Any expenses incurred by Star in connection with this Agreement, the Separation and Distribution Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby shall not constitute Expenses (as such term is defined under the Management Agreement) reimbursable to the Manager by Safe pursuant to Section 10 of the Management Agreement.

Section 6.7   Indemnification and D&O Insurance.

(a)   For six years from and after the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless all past and present directors and officers of Safe and its Subsidiaries (collectively, the “Indemnified Parties”) against any costs or expenses (including advancing attorneys’ fees and expenses in advance of the final disposition of any actual or threatened claim, suit, proceeding or investigation to each Indemnified Party to the extent permitted by applicable Law; provided such Indemnified Party agrees in advance to return any such funds to which a court of competent jurisdiction has determined in a final, nonappealable judgment such Indemnified Party is not ultimately entitled), judgments, fines, losses, claims, damages, liabilities and amounts paid in settlement in connection with any actual or threatened claim, action, investigation, suit or proceeding in respect of acts or omissions occurring or alleged to have occurred at or prior to the Effective Time, whether asserted or claimed prior to, at or after the Effective Time (including acts or omissions occurring in connection with the approval of this Agreement and the consummation of the Merger), in connection with such Indemnified Parties serving as a director, officer, employee, agent or other fiduciary of Safe or any of its Subsidiaries or of any other Person if such service was at the request or for the benefit of Safe or any of its Subsidiaries, in each case to the extent permitted by Law and to the same extent that Safe or its Subsidiaries would have been permitted to do so pursuant to the Organizational Documents of Safe or its Subsidiaries, as applicable. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if any Indemnified Party notifies the Surviving Corporation on or prior to the sixth anniversary of the Effective Time of a matter in respect of which such Person may seek indemnification pursuant to this Section 6.7, the provisions of this Section 6.7 shall continue in effect with respect to such matter until the final disposition of all claims, actions, investigations, suits and proceedings relating thereto.

(b)   For six years after the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation shall cause to be maintained in effect the provisions in (i) the Organizational Documents of any Subsidiary of Safe and (ii) except to the extent such agreement provides for an earlier termination, any other agreements (other than insurance contracts) of Safe and its Subsidiaries with any Indemnified Party, in each case, regarding elimination of liability, indemnification of officers, directors, agents and employees and advancement of expenses that are in existence on the date of this Agreement, to the extent such agreements have been made available to Star prior to the date of this Agreement, and no such provision shall be amended, modified or repealed in any manner that would materially and adversely affect the rights or protections thereunder of any such Indemnified Party in respect of acts or omissions occurring or alleged to have occurred at or prior to the Effective Time (including acts or omissions occurring in connection with the approval of this Agreement and the consummation of the Merger).

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(c)   Prior to the Effective Time, in consultation with Star as provided in this Section 6.7(c), Safe shall purchase a six-year prepaid “tail” policy for the extension of the directors’ and officers’ liability coverage of Safe’s existing directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies and fiduciary liability insurance policies, in each case for a claims reporting or discovery period of six years from and after the Effective Time, on terms and conditions providing coverage retentions, limits and other material terms substantially equivalent to the current policies of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance and fiduciary liability insurance maintained by Safe with respect to matters arising on or before the Effective Time, covering without limitation the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, however, that Safe shall not be required to commit or spend for any individual year of coverage for such “tail” policy more than 300% of the last aggregate annual premium paid by Safe prior to the date of this Agreement for Safe’s current policies of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance and fiduciary liability insurance (the “Base Amount”), and if the cost of such “tail” policy would otherwise exceed the Base Amount, Safe shall be permitted to purchase as much coverage as reasonably practicable for the Base Amount. After the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation shall cause such “tail” policy to be maintained in full force and effect, for its full term, and cause all obligations thereunder to be honored by the Surviving Corporation, and no Party shall have any other obligation to purchase or pay for any insurance hereunder. Safe shall in good faith cooperate and consult with Star prior to the Effective Time with respect to the procurement of such “tail” policy, including with respect to the selection of the broker, available policy price and coverage options, and shall in good faith consider Star’s recommendations with respect thereto.

(d)   If the Surviving Corporation or any of its successors or assigns (i) consolidates with or merges into any other Person and shall not be the continuing or surviving corporation or entity of such consolidation or merger, or (ii) transfers or conveys all or substantially all of its properties and assets to any Person, then, and in each such case, to the extent necessary, proper provision shall be made so that the successors and assigns of the Surviving Corporation shall assume the obligations set forth in this Section 6.7.

(e)   The provisions of this Section 6.7 (i) are intended to be for the benefit of, and shall be enforceable by, each Indemnified Party, and (ii) are in addition to, and not in substitution for, any other rights to indemnification or contribution that any such person may have by contract or otherwise.

Section 6.8   Assistance to Safe.

(a)   Star will, and will cause each of its Subsidiaries to, except as otherwise instructed by the Safe Special Committee, assist and cooperate in good faith to cause Safe to fulfill all of its obligations in this Article VI and elsewhere in this Agreement, including causing the Manager to do all things in its power to cause Safe to fulfill all of its obligations in this Article VI and elsewhere in this Agreement. Without limiting the preceding sentence, Star will cause the Manager to follow all instructions of the Safe Special Committee to cause Safe to take actions or not take actions between the date of this Agreement and the Outside Date.

(b)   The Parties acknowledge that in connection with any Acquisition Proposal or Superior Proposal, the Manager or one or more of its Affiliates will be required to provide a substantial amount of services pursuant to the Management Agreement. Accordingly, the Parties agree that in connection with any Acquisition Proposal, the Manager or one or more of its Affiliates will provide all services contemplated by the Management Agreement in connection with any such Acquisition Proposal and if the Board of Directors of Safe or the Safe Special Committee determines to accept a Superior Proposal or otherwise determines to pursue a Superior Proposal giving rise to a Change in Safe Recommendation, in each case, in compliance with Section 6.4(c), the Manager, without waiving any rights hereunder, will provide, subject to the oversight of the Safe Special Committee, all services contemplated by the Management Agreement to consummate such Superior Proposal. The parties acknowledge that services in connection with Acquisition Proposals or Superior Proposals may include, but are not limited to, (i) assembling and providing reasonable access to real estate, financial, transaction agreement and other customary due diligence materials, (ii) facilitating meetings with management at reasonable times upon reasonable advance notice, (iii) facilitating site visits at the properties of Safe or any of its Subsidiaries, (iv) assisting with financial analyses, (v) providing reasonable assistance with obtaining required consents in connection with such Acquisition Proposals or Superior Proposals from lenders,

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tenants or other third parties, including discussions and other interactions with such lenders, tenants and other third parties, (vi) preparing and filing all documents required to be filed with Governmental Entities in connection with any Superior Proposal and (vii) to the extent requested in writing by the Safe Special Committee, providing mutually agreed dedicated Manager personnel to provide some or all of the foregoing services. Safe may implement such informational safeguards in connection with any of the foregoing matters that it reasonably deems appropriate so long as such safeguards do not conflict with Safe’s obligations under Section 6.4.

Section 6.9   Dividends.

(a)   Each of Safe and Star shall declare a dividend to their respective stockholders, the record date, and payment date (to the extent practicable), for which shall be the close of business on the last Business Day prior to the Closing Date (the “Closing Dividend Date”), subject to funds being legally available therefor. The per share dividend amount payable by Safe shall be an amount equal to (i) the per share amount of Safe’s most recent quarterly dividend, multiplied by the number of days elapsed since such last dividend record date through and including the Closing Dividend Date, and divided by the actual number of days in the calendar quarter in which such dividend is declared, plus (ii) an additional amount per share (the “Additional Dividend Amount”), if any, necessary so that the aggregate dividend payable by Safe is equal to the Minimum Distribution Dividend. The per share dividend amount payable by Star shall be an amount equal to (A) the per share amount of Star’s most recent quarterly dividend, multiplied by the number of days elapsed since such last dividend record date through and including the Closing Dividend Date, and divided by the actual number of days in the calendar quarter in which such dividend is declared, plus (B) the Additional Dividend Amount (on a per share basis), if any.

(b)   If Safe determines that it is necessary to declare a Special Safe Distribution in accordance with Section 5.1(b)(iii) or if Star determines that it is necessary to declare a Special Star Distribution in accordance with Section 5.2(b)(iv), such Party shall notify the other Party in writing at least 10 Business Days prior to the Closing Date, and such other Party shall be entitled to declare a dividend per share payable (i) in the case of Safe, to holders of shares of Safe Common Stock, in an amount per share equal to the Special Star Distribution declared by Star with respect to each share of Star Common Stock and (ii) in the case of Star, to holders of shares of Star Common Stock, in an amount per share equal to the Special Safe Distribution declared by Safe with respect to each share of Safe Common Stock. The record date and payment date for any dividend payable pursuant to this Section 6.9 shall be the Closing Dividend Date.

(c)   In the event that a dividend or other distribution with respect to the shares of Safe Common Stock permitted under the terms of this Agreement has (i) a record date prior to the Effective Time and (ii) has not been paid as of the Effective Time, the holders of shares of Safe Common Stock shall be entitled to receive such dividend or distribution pursuant to and in accordance with Section 2.2.

Section 6.10   Public Announcements.   Except (a) for communications consistent with the final form of joint press release announcing the Merger and the investor presentation given to investors on the date of announcement of the Merger, (b) as may be required by applicable Law or by obligations pursuant to any listing agreement with or rules of the NYSE or (c) pursuant to Safe’s or Star’s rights pursuant to Section 6.4, Safe and Star shall consult with each other, and provide meaningful opportunity for review and give due consideration to reasonable comment by the other Party, prior to issuing any press releases or other public written communications or otherwise making planned public statements with respect to the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution and the Star Stock Issuance.

Section 6.11   Tax Matters.   Safe and Star agree to use their respective reasonable best efforts to cause the Merger to qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code.

Section 6.12   Financing Cooperation, Debt Assumption and Debt Repayment.

(a)   Concurrently with the Closing, Star shall assume the outstanding Safe Debt Agreements and the Indebtedness incurred pursuant thereto in compliance with all applicable terms and conditions of the applicable Safe Debt Agreement (the “Debt Assumption”). Safe shall use commercially reasonable

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efforts to, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to use commercially reasonable efforts to, cause its and their respective Representatives to provide cooperation and assistance reasonably requested by Star in connection with the Debt Assumption (including taking all corporate action reasonably necessary to authorize the execution and delivery of any Debt Assumption Documents (as defined below) to be entered into prior to Closing and delivering all officer’s certificates, supplemental indentures and legal opinions required to be delivered in connection therewith (such corporate action, execution and delivery not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned)); provided, that the effectiveness of any such Debt Assumption Documents shall be expressly conditioned on the Closing. Safe shall not be required to take any action in respect of any Debt Assumption until Star shall have provided Safe with drafts of the necessary documentation required in connection with such Debt Assumption in a form reasonably satisfactory to Safe (collectively, the “Debt Assumption Documents”) at least 10 Business Days prior to the date of such requested action. It is understood and agreed that a failure to effectuate any Debt Assumption shall not constitute a failure by Safe to satisfy its obligations under this Section 6.12(a). Star shall, promptly upon request by Safe, reimburse Safe and its Subsidiaries and Representatives for all reasonable, documented and invoiced out-of-pocket costs actually incurred by Safe or its Subsidiaries in connection with any cooperation provided under Section 6.12 (including reasonable and documented out-of-pocket auditor’s and attorneys’ fees and expenses, but excluding the costs of Safe’s preparation of its annual and quarterly financial statements).

(b)   Star shall, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to, terminate at or before the Effective Time all commitments in respect of each of the Star Credit Facilities and any other Indebtedness for borrowed money of Star or its Subsidiaries (other than, for the avoidance of doubt, the Indebtedness described on Section 6.12(b) of the Star Disclosure Letter), and repay in full on the Closing Date all obligations in respect of the Indebtedness thereunder.

(c)   Star shall, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to, deliver all notices and take all other actions to facilitate the termination at the Effective Time of all commitments in respect of each of the Star Credit Facilities and any other Indebtedness for borrowed money of Star or its Subsidiaries (other than, for the avoidance of doubt, the Indebtedness described on Section 6.12(b) of the Star Disclosure Letter), the repayment in full on the Closing Date of all obligations in respect of the Indebtedness thereunder, and the release on the Closing Date of any Liens securing such Indebtedness and guarantees in connection therewith. In furtherance and not in limitation of the foregoing, Star and its Subsidiaries shall use commercially reasonable efforts to deliver to Safe (i) at least 10 Business Days prior to the Closing Date, a draft payoff letter with respect to each of the Star Credit Facilities and any other Indebtedness for borrowed money (including mortgages) of Star or its Subsidiaries to be paid off, discharged and terminated on the Closing Date and (ii) at least one Business Day prior to the Closing Date, an executed payoff letter with respect to each of the Star Credit Facilities (the “Payoff Letters”) and any other Indebtedness for borrowed money (including mortgages) of Star or its Subsidiaries to be paid off, discharged and terminated on the Closing Date, in each case in form and substance customary for transactions of this type, from the Persons to whom such Indebtedness is owed or, as applicable, the applicable agent on behalf of the Persons to whom such Indebtedness is owed, which Payoff Letters together with any related release documentation shall, among other things, include the payoff amount and provide that Liens (and guarantees), if any, granted in connection with the Star Credit Facilities or any other Indebtedness for borrowed money (including mortgages) of Star to be paid off, discharged and terminated on the Closing Date relating to the assets, rights and properties of Star and its Subsidiaries securing or relating to such Indebtedness, shall, upon the payment of the amount set forth in the applicable Payoff Letter at or prior to the Effective Time, be released and terminated.

(d)   Effective as of the Effective Time, Star shall take all such steps as may be necessary to, substantially concurrently with the consummation of the Closing, pay or cause to be paid the full amount of principal and accrued interest, and any and all of the fees and premium payable under the Star Existing Notes and Star Existing Indentures, and shall deliver evidence satisfactory to Safe of repayment of such Star Existing Notes; provided, that any such redemption may be conditioned on the occurrence of the Closing. At least 30 days prior to the Effective Time, Star shall, in accordance with the applicable redemption provisions of the Star Existing Notes and the Star Existing Indentures, issue a notice of redemption, which may be conditioned on the occurrence of the Closing, for all of the outstanding aggregate principal amount of Star Existing Notes, pursuant to the applicable provisions

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of the Star Existing Indentures. At the Effective Time, Star shall have all funds necessary to fund in full any such redemption. To the extent that any cash remains available at Star and its Subsidiaries after giving effect to Star’s obligations under this Section 6.12, it will be addressed in accordance with the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

Section 6.13   Transaction Litigation.   Each Party shall give the other Party the opportunity to participate in the defense or settlement of any stockholder litigation against it or any of its Subsidiaries, directors, officers or employees relating to the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement; provided that the first Party shall in any event control such defense; provided, further, that no Party shall, nor shall it permit any of its Subsidiaries, directors, officers or employees to settle any such litigation without the prior written consent of the other Party (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed).

Section 6.14   Delisting.   Each of the Parties agrees to cooperate with the other Party in taking, or causing to be taken, all actions necessary to delist the Safe Common Stock from the NYSE and terminate its registration under the Exchange Act; provided that such delisting and termination shall not be effective until after the Effective Time.

Section 6.15   Rule 16b-3 Matters.   Prior to the Effective Time, the Parties shall, as applicable, take all such steps as may be reasonably necessary or advisable, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, to cause any dispositions of Safe equity securities (including derivative securities) and acquisitions of Star equity securities pursuant to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement by each individual who is a director or officer of Safe subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act with respect to Safe to be exempt under Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act.

Section 6.16   SpinCo Reorganization and Distribution.

(a)   Each of the Parties shall cooperate in good faith and use their respective reasonable best efforts to, (i) subject to clause (ii), take, or cause to be taken, all actions and to do promptly, or cause to be done promptly, all things reasonably necessary, proper or advisable under Law to (A) cause the Separation and Distribution Agreement to be executed as promptly as practicable after the date hereof and agree on, and cause to be approved and executed, any and all other agreements necessary to effect the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution and (B) effect the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution in accordance with Schedule I and the Separation and Distribution Agreement in all material respects and (ii) take, or cause to be taken, all actions and to do promptly, or cause to be done promptly, all things necessary, proper or advisable under Law to effect any modifications to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution mutually agreed upon by Safe and Star.

(b)   As promptly as reasonably practicable following the date hereof, Star shall use reasonable best efforts to prepare and cause SpinCo to file a prospectus relating to the securities of SpinCo to be issued in the SpinCo Distribution to the stockholders of Star immediately prior to the Effective Time (such prospectus, and any amendments or supplements thereto, the “SpinCo Information Statement”), and Star shall use reasonable best efforts to prepare and cause SpinCo to file with the SEC a registration statement on Form 10 (of which the SpinCo Information Statement shall be a part) with respect to the SpinCo Distribution (such Form 10, and any amendments or supplements thereto, the “Form 10”). Prior to the filing of the Form 10 or responding to any comments of the SEC with respect thereto, Star shall cooperate and provide Safe with a reasonable opportunity to review and comment on such document or response, and Star will provide Safe with a copy of all such proposed filings made with the SEC, which shall be reasonably acceptable to Safe. Star shall use reasonable best efforts to have the SpinCo Information Statement cleared by the SEC and the Form 10 declared effective by the SEC and to keep the Form 10 effective as long as is necessary to consummate the SpinCo Distribution and the transactions contemplated thereby. Star shall, as promptly as practicable after receipt thereof, provide Safe with copies of any written comments and advise Safe of any oral comments with respect to the SpinCo Information Statement or the Form 10 received from the SEC. Each Party shall use its reasonable best efforts to take any action required to be taken under any applicable state securities laws in connection with SpinCo Distribution, and each Party shall furnish all information concerning it, its Affiliates and the holders of its capital stock as may be reasonably requested in connection with any

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such action. Star will advise Safe, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the time when the Form 10 has become effective, the issuance of any stop order, the suspension of the qualification of the securities of SpinCo issuable in connection with the SpinCo Distribution for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or any request by the SEC for amendment of the SpinCo Information Statement or the Form 10. If, at any time prior to the Effective Time, any information relating to either of the Parties, or their respective affiliates, officers or directors, should be discovered by either Party, and such information should be set forth in an amendment or supplement to any of the SpinCo Information Statement or the Form 10 so that such documents would not include any misstatement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, the Party that discovers such information shall promptly notify the other Party hereto and, to the extent required by law, rules or regulations, an appropriate amendment or supplement describing such information shall be promptly filed with the SEC.

(c)   Each of Safe and Star will promptly advise the other upon receiving any communication from any Governmental Entity and any material communication given or received in connection with any proceeding by a private party, in each case in connection with the SpinCo Distribution.

Section 6.17   Management Transactions.

(a)   Internalization Option.

(i)   If this Agreement is terminated by either Star or Safe pursuant to Section 8.1(c), Safe shall have the option (the “Internalization Option”), exercisable by written notice to Star at any time beginning on the Outside Date until the earlier of four (4) months after the Outside Date, to acquire the Management Business from Star through a merger of iStar Asset Services Inc., a Delaware corporation and indirect Subsidiary of Star (“IAS”), with and into Safehold Management Services LLC, a newly formed Delaware limited liability company and direct wholly-owned Subsidiary of Safe (“SMS”), on the terms and subject to the conditions of an agreement and plan of merger in the form attached as Schedule II hereto (the “Internalization Merger”, and such agreement and plan of merger, the “Internalization Merger Agreement”).

(ii)   If Safe has exercised the Internalization Option, the Parties shall, as promptly as practicable thereafter (and in any event within six (6) months following the date on which the Internalization Option was exercised), (A) complete the actions contemplated by Schedule III hereto, (B) transfer sponsorship of and assets relating to the iStar Savings and Retirement Plan Trust to IAS and (C) to the extent assignable, transfer all assets and Contracts relating to the Management Business, including those assets and Contracts set forth on Section 6.17(a) of the Star Disclosure Letter, to IAS (the foregoing clauses (A)-(C) collectively, the “Reorganization”). In furtherance of the foregoing, each of the Parties shall use their reasonable best efforts to obtain, or cause to be obtained, any approval, authorization or consent of, filing with, notification to, or granting or issuance of any license, order, waiver or permit by, any third party or Governmental Entity required to effect the Reorganization.

(iii)   As promptly as practicable following the Reorganization, the Parties shall, and shall cause IAS and SMS to, execute and deliver the Internalization Merger Agreement, and each of the Parties shall, and shall cause IAS and SMS to, use their respective reasonable best efforts to promptly do, execute, deliver or cause to be done all further acts, documents and things in connection with the Reorganization, the Internalization Merger Agreement and the Internalization Merger that the other Party may reasonably require for the purposes of giving effect to the exercise of the Internalization Option and the consummation of the Internalization Merger.

(iv)   If Safe has exercised the Internalization Option, the Parties shall, as promptly as practicable thereafter, negotiate in good faith the terms of a management agreement to be entered into by Star and Safe (or their respective Affiliates) upon the consummation of the Internalization Merger, which shall provide for the provision of management services by Safe to Star following the consummation of the Internalization Merger.

(v)   If Safe has exercised the Internalization Option, from and after the date of such exercise, Star may not hire, engage, terminate (without cause), or temporarily lay off any employee or independent contractor of the Management Business.

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(vi)   Notwithstanding anything to contrary herein, this Section 6.17(a) shall survive any termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.1(c).

Section 6.18   Investment Syndication.   Prior to the Closing, Star shall use its reasonable best efforts to seek syndication of Star’s limited partner interests in the Star Joint Ventures.

ARTICLE VII
CONDITIONS PRECEDENT

Section 7.1   Conditions to Each Party’s Obligation.   The respective obligations of each of Star and Safe to effect the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, and the Merger shall be subject to the satisfaction or waiver by Star and Safe in writing, at or prior to the Closing, of the following conditions:

(a)   Stockholder Approvals.   Safe shall have obtained the Safe Required Vote, and Star shall have obtained the Star Required Vote.

(b)   SpinCo Reorganization and SpinCo Distribution.   The SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution shall have been consummated.

(c)   Listing.   The shares of Star Common Stock to be issued in the Merger shall have been approved for listing on the NYSE, and the SpinCo Common Shares being distributed in connection with the SpinCo Distribution shall have been approved for listing on the Designated Exchange, in each case, subject to official notice of issuance.

(d)   Form S-4 and Form 10.   The Form S-4 and the Form 10 shall have become effective under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and shall not be the subject of any stop order or proceedings seeking a stop order.

(e)   No Injunctions or Restraints; Illegality.   No temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other order issued by any court of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment or the Merger shall be in effect. There shall not be any action taken, or any statute, rule, regulation or order enacted, entered, enforced or deemed applicable to the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment or the Merger, by any Governmental Entity of competent jurisdiction which makes the consummation of the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment or the Merger illegal.

Section 7.2   Conditions to Obligations of Safe.   The obligation of Safe to effect the Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver by Safe in writing, at or prior to the Closing, of the following additional conditions:

(a)   Star Representations and Warranties.   (i) The representations and warranties of Star set forth in Section 4.1, the first two sentences of Section 4.2(a) and Section 4.13, shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent expressly made as of an earlier date, in which case as of such date), (ii) the representations and warranties of Star set forth in Section 4.12(b) shall be true and correct in all respects as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date and (iii) the other representations and warranties of Star set forth in this Agreement shall be true and correct as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent expressly made as of an earlier date, in which case as of such date), except, in the case of this clause (iii), where the failure of such representations and warranties to be so true and correct (without giving effect to any limitation as to materiality or Star Material Adverse Effect) has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Star Material Adverse Effect.

(b)   Performance of Star Obligations.   Star shall have performed in all material respects the obligations required to be performed by it under this Agreement at or prior to the Closing.

(c)   Minimum Cash.   The Additional Cash Proceeds shall be equal to or greater than (i) if Closing is otherwise required to occur pursuant to Section 1.4 on or prior to March 31, 2023, $194,000,000, (ii) if

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Closing is otherwise required to occur pursuant to Section 1.4 on or after April 1, 2023 but on or prior to June 30, 2023, $217,000,000 or (iii) if Closing is otherwise required to occur pursuant to Section 1.4 on or after July 1, 2023, $239,000,000; provided, that if Star has satisfied its obligations under Section 6.12 to terminate the Star Credit Facilities and any other Indebtedness for borrowed money of Star or its Subsidiaries (other than, for the avoidance of doubt, the Indebtedness described on Section 6.12(b) of the Star Disclosure Letter), and repay in full all obligations in respect of the Indebtedness thereunder, this condition shall be satisfied.

(d)   Section 368 Opinion.   Safe shall have received the written opinion of Kirkland & Ellis LLP (or, if Kirkland & Ellis LLP is unable or unwilling to render such opinion, Clifford Chance US LLP or another nationally recognized counsel as may be reasonably acceptable to Safe), dated the Closing Date and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Safe, to the effect that, on the basis of facts, representations and assumptions set forth or referred to in such opinion, the Merger will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. In rendering such opinion, Kirkland & Ellis LLP (or such other counsel rendering such opinion) may rely upon the Safe Tax Representation Letter, the Star Tax Representation Letter, and the Star REIT opinion referenced in Section 7.2(e).

(e)   REIT Opinion.   Star shall have received a tax opinion of Clifford Chance US LLP (or, if Clifford Chance US LLP is unable or unwilling to render such opinion, Kirkland & Ellis LLP or another nationally recognized REIT counsel as may be reasonably acceptable to Safe), on which Safe shall also be entitled to rely, dated as of the Closing Date and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Safe, to the effect that, at all times since its taxable year ended 2016 and through the Closing Date, Star has been organized and operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code, and its proposed method of operation will enable Star to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code. In rendering such opinion, Clifford Chance US LLP may rely upon customary representations contained in an officer’s certificate executed by Star and provided pursuant to Section 5.2(d) and on the Safe REIT opinion referenced in Section 7.3(d).

(f)   Closing Certificate.   Safe shall have received a certificate signed on behalf of Star by the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer of Star, dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that the conditions set forth in Section 7.2(a) and Section 7.2(b) have been satisfied.

(g)   Reverse Management Agreement.   Safe shall have received a copy of the Reverse Management Agreement duly executed by SpinCo.

(h)   Governance Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement.   Safe shall have received copies of the Governance Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement duly executed by each of SpinCo and Star.

Section 7.3   Conditions to Obligations of Star.   The obligation of Star to effect the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment and the Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver by Star in writing, at or prior to the Closing, of the following additional conditions:

(a)   Safe Representations and Warranties.   (i) The representations and warranties of Safe set forth in Section 3.1, the first two sentences of Section 3.2(a) and Section 3.7 shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent expressly made as of an earlier date, in which case as of such date), (ii) the representations and warranties of Safe set forth in Section 3.6(b) shall be true and correct in all respects as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date, and (iii) the other representations and warranties of Safe set forth in this Agreement shall be true and correct as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent expressly made as of an earlier date, in which case as of such date), except, in the case of this clause (iii), where the failure of such representations and warranties to be so true and correct (without giving effect to any limitation as to materiality or Safe Material Adverse Effect) has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Safe Material Adverse Effect; provided that no representation or warranty of Safe set forth in this Agreement shall be deemed not to be true and correct to the extent (x) Star or any

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Subsidiary of Star (including the Manager) has knowledge as of the date of this Agreement of such failure to be true and correct or (y) the principal cause of such failure to be true or correct resulted from a Star Breach Event.

(b)   Performance of Safe Obligations.   Safe shall have performed in all material respects the obligations required to be performed by it under this Agreement at or prior to the Closing; provided, that Safe shall not be deemed to have breached any obligation set forth in this Agreement to the extent (i) Star or any Subsidiary of Star (including the Manager) has knowledge as of the date of this Agreement of such breach or (ii) the principal cause of such breach resulted from a Star Breach Event.

(c)   Section 368 Opinion.   Star shall have received the written opinion of Clifford Chance US LLP (or, if Clifford Chance US LLP is unable or unwilling to render such opinion, Kirkland & Ellis LLP or another nationally recognized counsel as may be reasonably acceptable to Star), dated the Closing Date and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Star, to the effect that, on the basis of facts, representations and assumptions set forth or referred to in such opinion, the Merger will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. In rendering such opinion, Clifford Chance US LLP (or such other counsel rendering such opinion) may rely upon the Star Tax Representation Letter, the Safe Tax Representation Letter, and the Safe REIT opinion referenced in Section 7.3(d).

(d)   REIT Opinion.   Safe shall have received a tax opinion of Kirkland & Ellis LLP on which Star shall also be entitled to rely, dated as of the Closing Date and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Star, to the effect that, at all times since its taxable year ended 2017 and through the Closing Date, Safe has been organized and operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code and its actual method of operation has enabled Safe to meet, through the Effective Time, the requirements for qualification and taxation as REIT under the Code. In rendering such opinion, Kirkland & Ellis LLP may rely upon customary representations contained in an officer’s certificate executed by Safe and provided pursuant to Section 5.1(d).

(e)   Closing Certificate.   Star shall have received a certificate signed on behalf of Safe by the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer of Safe, dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that the conditions set forth in Section 7.3(a) and Section 7.3(b) have been satisfied.

ARTICLE VIII
TERMINATION

Section 8.1   Termination.   This Agreement may be terminated, and the Merger may be abandoned, at any time before the Effective Time by action of Star or Safe (as applicable) only as follows:

(a)   by mutual written consent of Star and Safe;

(b)   by either Star or Safe, if any Governmental Entity of competent jurisdiction shall have issued an order, decree or ruling in each case permanently enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the consummation of the Merger, and such order, decree or ruling has become final and nonappealable; provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 8.1(b) shall not be available to any Party whose failure to comply with any provision of this Agreement has been the principal cause of or resulted in such order, decree or ruling; provided, further, that Safe shall not be deemed to have failed to comply with any provision of this Agreement to the extent the principal cause of such failure to comply resulted from a Star Breach Event;

(c)   by either Star or Safe, if the Merger shall not have been consummated by 5:00 p.m., New York time, on September 30, 2023 (the “Outside Date”); provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 8.1(c) shall not be available to any Party whose failure to comply with any provision of this Agreement has been the principal cause of or resulted in the failure of the Merger to be consummated before such date; provided, further, that Safe shall not be deemed to have failed to comply with any provision of this Agreement to the extent the principal cause of such failure to comply resulted from a Star Breach Event;

(d)   by Safe, at any time before the time the Star Required Vote is obtained, upon a Change in Star Recommendation;

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(e)   by Star, at any time before the time the Safe Required Vote is obtained, upon a Change in Safe Recommendation;

(f)   by Safe, if Star shall have breached or failed to perform any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements set forth in this Agreement, or if any representation or warranty of Star shall have become untrue, which breach or failure to perform or to be true (i) would result in the failure of any of the conditions set forth in Section 7.2(a) or Section 7.2(b) to be satisfied and (ii) cannot be cured by the Outside Date or, if curable prior to the Outside Date, has not been cured by the earlier of (A) the Outside Date and (B) 30 days after the giving of written notice by Safe to Star of such breach, failure to perform or failure to be true; provided, that Safe shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8.1(f) if Safe is then in material breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements set forth in this Agreement; provided, further, that (1) Safe shall not be deemed to have breached any representation or warranty set forth in this Agreement to the extent Star or any Subsidiary of Star (including the Manager) has knowledge of such breach as of the date of this Agreement and (2) Safe shall not be deemed to have breached any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement set forth in this Agreement to the extent the principle course of such breach resulted from a Star Breach Event;

(g)   by Star, if Safe shall have breached or failed to perform any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements set forth in this Agreement, or if any representation or warranty of Safe shall have become untrue, which breach or failure to perform or to be true (i) would result in the failure of any of the conditions set forth in Section 7.3(a) or Section 7.3(b) to be satisfied and (ii) cannot be cured by the Outside Date or, if curable prior to the Outside Date, has not been cured by the earlier of (A) the Outside Date and (B) 30 days after the giving of written notice by Star to Safe of such breach, failure to perform or failure to be true; provided that Star shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8.1(g) if Star is then in material breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements set forth in this Agreement; provided, that (1) Safe shall not be deemed to have breached any representation or warranty set forth in this Agreement to the extent Star or any Subsidiary of Star (including the Manager) has knowledge of such breach as of the date of this Agreement and (2) Safe shall not be deemed to have breached any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement set forth in this Agreement to the extent the principle course of such breach resulted from a Star Breach Event;

(h)   by either Star or Safe, if the Safe Required Vote shall not have been obtained upon a vote taken thereon at the duly convened Safe Stockholders Meeting or at any adjournment or postponement thereof;

(i)   by either Star or Safe, if the Star Required Vote shall not have been obtained upon a vote taken thereon at the duly convened Star Stockholders Meeting or at any adjournment or postponement thereof;

(j)   by Safe, at any time prior to receiving the Safe Required Vote, in order to enter into a definitive Acquisition Agreement providing for a Superior Proposal in accordance with Section 6.4(c)(iii) (it being understood that Safe shall enter into a definitive Acquisition Agreement with respect to the Superior Proposal substantially concurrently with the termination of this Agreement); provided, that the Safe Termination Fee shall be paid pursuant to Section 8.2(b) prior to or concurrently with the termination of this Agreement by Safe pursuant to this Section 8.1(j); or

(k)   by Star, at any time prior to receiving the Star Required Vote, in order to enter into a definitive Acquisition Agreement providing for a Superior Proposal in accordance with Section 6.4(c)(iii) (it being understood that Star shall enter into a definitive Acquisition Agreement with respect to the Superior Proposal substantially concurrently with the termination of this Agreement); provided, that the Star Termination Fee shall be paid pursuant to Section 8.2(c) prior to or concurrently with the termination of this Agreement by Star pursuant to this Section 8.1(k).

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Section 8.2   Effect of Termination.

(a)   In the event of termination of this Agreement by either Safe or Star as provided in Section 8.1, written notice thereof shall forthwith be given to the other Party specifying the provision hereof pursuant to which such termination is made, and this Agreement shall forthwith become null and void and there shall be no liability or obligation on the part of Safe or Star or their respective directors or Representatives, except with respect to Section 6.6, Section 6.17(a), this Section 8.2 and Article IX, each of which shall survive such termination and except that no Party shall be relieved or released from any liabilities or damages arising out of its fraud or Willful Breach of this Agreement (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall include for purposes of this Section 8.2 and any other claim for damages by Safe under this Agreement any lost shareholder premium and any other benefits to holders of Safe Common Stock (other than Star) of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, which shall be enforceable on behalf of such shareholders solely by Safe (acting through the Safe Special Committee)).

(b)   Safe Termination Fee.

(i)   If Star terminates this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.1(e), then Safe shall pay to Star the Safe Termination Fee within two Business Days after the date of such termination.

(ii)   In the event that (A) an Acquisition Proposal with respect to Safe shall have been communicated to the Safe Special Committee or any Person or group of Persons shall have publicly made or announced an Acquisition Proposal with respect to Safe and, in the case of termination pursuant to Section 8.1(h), such Acquisition Proposal shall not have been withdrawn prior to the date of the Safe Stockholders Meeting, (B) thereafter this Agreement is terminated (1) by Star or Safe pursuant to Section 8.1(c) or Section 8.1(h) or (2) by Star pursuant to Section 8.1(g) and (C) before the date that is 12 months after the date of such termination, Safe consummates a transaction of a type set forth in the definition of “Acquisition Proposal” or enters into an Acquisition Agreement, in each case with the Person or group of Persons making the Acquisition Proposal described in clause (A) above, then Safe shall, on the date such Acquisition Proposal is consummated, pay to Star the Safe Termination Fee (provided, that for purposes of clause (C) above, each reference to “15%” in the definitions of “Acquisition Proposal” and “Acquisition Agreement” shall be deemed to be a reference to “50%”).

(iii)   In the event that Safe terminates this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.1(j), then Safe shall prior to or substantially concurrently with such termination pay to Star the Safe Termination Fee.

(c)   Star Termination Fee.

(i)   If Safe terminates this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.1(d), then Star shall pay to Safe the Star Termination Fee within two Business Days after the date of such termination.

(ii)   In the event that (A) an Acquisition Proposal with respect to Star shall have been communicated to the Board of Directors of Star or any Person or group of Persons shall have publicly made or announced an Acquisition Proposal with respect to Star and, in the case of termination pursuant to Section 8.1(i), such Acquisition Proposal shall not have been withdrawn prior to the date of the Star Stockholders Meeting, (B) thereafter this Agreement is terminated (1) by Star or Safe pursuant to Section 8.1(c) or Section 8.1(i) or (2) by Safe pursuant to Section 8.1(f) and (C) before the date that is 12 months after the date of such termination, Star consummates a transaction of a type set forth in the definition of “Acquisition Proposal” or enters into an Acquisition Agreement, in each case, with the Person or group of Persons making the Acquisition Proposal described in clause (A) above, then Star shall, on the date such Acquisition Proposal is consummated, pay to Safe the Star Termination Fee (provided, that for purposes of clause (C) above, each reference to “15%” in the definitions of “Acquisition Proposal” and “Acquisition Agreement” shall be deemed to be a reference to “50%”).

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(iii)   In the event that Star terminates this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.1(k), then Star shall prior to or substantially concurrently with such termination pay to Safe the Star Termination Fee.

(d)   In no event shall this Section 8.2 require (i) Safe to pay the Safe Termination Fee on more than one occasion or (ii) Star to pay the Star Termination Fee on more than one occasion.

(e)   Each of the Parties acknowledges that the agreements contained in this Section 8.2 are an integral part of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and that, without these agreements, the Parties would not enter into this Agreement. Accordingly, if either Safe or Star fails to pay all amounts due to the other Party under this Section 8.2 on the dates specified, then either Safe or Star, as applicable, shall pay all costs and expenses (including legal fees and expenses) incurred by such other Party in connection with any action or proceeding (including the filing of any lawsuit) taken by it to collect such unpaid amounts, together with interest on such unpaid amounts at the prime lending rate prevailing at such time, as published in The Wall Street Journal, from the date such amounts were required to be paid until the date actually received by such other Party. Each of the Parties acknowledges that each of the Star Termination Fee and Safe Termination Fee is not a penalty, but rather are liquidated damages in a reasonable amount that will compensate a Party in the circumstances in which such amounts are due and payable, which amounts would otherwise be impossible to calculate with precision.

(f)   The “Safe Termination Fee” shall be an amount equal to the lesser of (i) $63,000,000 (the “Safe Base Amount”) and (ii) the maximum amount, if any, that can be paid to Star without causing it to fail to meet the requirements of Sections 856(c)(2) and (3) of the Code (the “REIT Requirements”) for such year determined as if (A) the payment of such amount did not constitute Qualifying Income, and (B) Star has 0.5% of its gross income from unknown sources during such year which was not Qualifying Income (in addition to any known or anticipated income of Star which was not Qualifying Income), in each case as determined by independent accountants to Star. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event Star receives Tax Guidance providing that Star’s receipt of the Safe Base Amount would either constitute Qualifying Income or would be excluded from gross income within the meaning of the REIT Requirements, the Safe Termination Fee shall be an amount equal to the Safe Base Amount and Safe shall, upon receiving notice that Star has received the Tax Guidance, pay to Star the unpaid Safe Base Amount within five Business Days. In the event that Star is not able to receive the full Safe Base Amount due to the above limitations, Safe shall place the unpaid amount in escrow by wire transfer within three days of termination and shall not release any portion thereof to Star unless and until Star receives either one or a combination of the following once or more often: (x) a letter from Star’s independent accountants indicating the maximum amount that can be paid at that time to Star without causing Star to fail to meet the REIT Requirements (calculated as described above) or (y) the Tax Guidance, in either of which events Safe shall pay to Star the lesser of the unpaid Safe Base Amount or the maximum amount stated in the letter referred to in clause (x) above within five Business Days after Safe has been notified thereof. The obligation of Safe to pay any unpaid portion of the Safe Termination Fee shall terminate on the December 31 following the date which is five years from the date of this Agreement. Amounts remaining in escrow after the obligation of Safe to pay the Safe Termination Fee terminates shall be released to Safe. “Qualifying Income” shall mean income described in Sections 856(c)(2)(A) – (H) and 856(c)(3)(A) – (I) of the Code. “Tax Guidance” shall mean a reasoned opinion from outside counsel or a ruling from the IRS.

(g)   The “Star Termination Fee” shall be an amount equal to the lesser of (i) $63,000,000 (the “Star Base Amount”) and (ii) the maximum amount, if any, that can be paid to Safe without causing it to fail to meet the REIT Requirements for such year determined as if (A) the payment of such amount did not constitute Qualifying Income, and (B) Safe has 0.5% of its gross income from unknown sources during such year which was not Qualifying Income (in addition to any known or anticipated income of Safe which was not Qualifying Income), in each case as determined by independent accountants to Safe. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event Safe receives Tax Guidance providing that Safe’s receipt of the Star Base Amount would either constitute Qualifying Income or would be excluded from gross income within the meaning of the REIT Requirements, the Star Termination Fee shall be an amount equal to the Star Base Amount and Star shall, upon receiving notice that Safe has

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received the Tax Guidance, pay to Safe the unpaid Star Base Amount within five Business Days. In the event that Safe is not able to receive the full Star Base Amount due to the above limitations, Star shall place the unpaid amount in escrow by wire transfer within three days of termination and shall not release any portion thereof to Safe unless and until Safe receives either one or a combination of the following once or more often: (x) a letter from Safe’s independent accountants indicating the maximum amount that can be paid at that time to Safe without causing Safe to fail to meet the REIT Requirements (calculated as described above) or (y) the Tax Guidance, in either of which events Star shall pay to Safe the lesser of the unpaid Star Base Amount or the maximum amount stated in the letter referred to in clause (x) above within five Business Days after Star has been notified thereof. The obligation of Star to pay any unpaid portion of the Star Termination Fee shall terminate on the December 31 following the date which is five years from the date of this Agreement. Amounts remaining in escrow after the obligation of Star to pay the Star Termination Fee terminates shall be released to Star.

ARTICLE IX
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 9.1   Survival.   None of the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements in this Agreement or in any instrument delivered pursuant to this Agreement, including any rights arising out of any breach of such representations, warranties, covenants, and agreements, shall survive the Effective Time, except for those covenants and agreements contained herein that by their terms apply or are to be performed in whole or in part after the Effective Time.

Section 9.2   The Special Committees.

(a)   Until the Effective Time, each of the following actions by Safe or by the Board of Directors of Safe may be effected only if such action is recommended by or taken at the direction of the Safe Special Committee: (i) any action by Safe or its Board of Directors with respect to any amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement; (ii) termination of this Agreement by Safe or its Board of Directors; (iii) extension by Safe or its Board of Directors of the time for the performance of any of the obligations or other acts of Star, or any waiver or assertion of any of Safe’s rights under this Agreement; or (iv) any other approval, agreement, authorization, consent or other action by Safe or its Board of Directors with respect to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.

(b)   Until the Effective Time, each of the following actions by Star or by the Board of Directors of Star may be effected only if such action is recommended by or taken at the direction of the Star Special Committee: (i) any action by Star or its Board of Directors with respect to any amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement; (ii) termination of this Agreement by Star or its Board of Directors; (iii) extension by Star or its Board of Directors of the time for the performance of any of the obligations or other acts of Safe, or any waiver or assertion of any of Star’s rights under this Agreement; or (iv) any other approval, agreement, authorization, consent or other action by Star or its Board of Directors with respect to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.

Section 9.3   Amendment; Waiver.   Subject to the provisions of applicable Laws, at any time prior to the Effective Time, this Agreement may be amended, modified or waived if, and only if, such amendment, modification or waiver is in writing and signed, in the case of an amendment or modification, by Safe and Star, or in the case of a waiver, by the Party against whom the waiver is to be effective. The conditions to each of the respective Parties’ obligations to consummate the Merger, the Charter Amendment, the Par Value Charter Amendment, the SpinCo Reorganization, the SpinCo Distribution, the Star Stock Issuance and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement are for the sole benefit of such Party and may be waived by such Party in whole or in part to the extent permitted by applicable Law. No failure or delay by any Party in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.

Section 9.4   Notices.   All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given if delivered personally (notice deemed given upon receipt), transmitted by email (notice deemed given upon delivery if no automated notice of delivery failure is received by the sender), or sent by

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a nationally recognized overnight courier service, such as Federal Express (notice deemed given upon receipt of proof of delivery), to the Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party as shall be specified by like notice).

(a)   if to Safe, to:

Safehold Inc.
c/o Special Committee of the Board of Directors
1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor
New York, NY 10036

Attention:

Stefan M. Selig
Jay S. Nydick

Email:

[*]
[*]

(b)   with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

Kirkland & Ellis LLP
601 Lexington Avenue
New York, New York 10022

Attention:

Eric L. Schiele, P.C.
Michael P. Brueck, P.C.
David L. Perechocky

Email:

eric.schiele@kirkland.com
michael.brueck@kirkland.com
david.perechocky@kirkland.com

(c)   if to Star, to:

iStar Inc.
1114 Avenue of the Americas, 39th Floor

Attention:

Barry Ridings, Chair of the Special Committee of the Board of Directors

Email:

[*]

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

Clifford Chance US LLP
31 West 52nd Street
New York, New York 10019

Attention:

Kathleen L. Werner, Esq.

Email:

kathleen.werner@cliffordchance.com

Section 9.5   Interpretation.   When a reference is made in this Agreement to Sections, Exhibits or Schedules, such reference shall be to a Section of or Exhibit or Schedule to this Agreement unless otherwise indicated. The table of contents and headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. Whenever the words “include,” “includes” or “including” are used in this Agreement, they shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The words “made available” in this Agreement shall mean that the item referred to has been provided to the receiving Party prior to the date of this Agreement by being posted in the electronic data room established by the disclosing Party. The words “herein,” “hereof,” “hereunder” and words of similar import shall be deemed to refer to this Agreement as a whole, including the Exhibits and Schedules hereto, and not to any particular provision of this Agreement. The phrase “ordinary course of business” shall be deemed to be followed by the words “consistent with past practice in all material respects” and shall refer to an action taken by a person that is consistent in all material respects in nature, scope and magnitude with the past practices of such person and is taken in the ordinary course of the normal operations of such person. Any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms. In the event that an ambiguity or a question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the Parties, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any Party by virtue of the authorship of any provision of this Agreement. The word “extent” and the phrase

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“to the extent” when used in this Agreement shall mean the degree to which a subject or other thing extends, and such word or phrase shall not merely mean “if.” References to a wholly owned subsidiary of Safe shall include the Safe Operating Partnership and any wholly owned subsidiary of the Safe Operating Partnership.

Section 9.6   Counterparts.   This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each of the Parties and delivered to each other Party (including by means of electronic delivery), it being understood that the Parties need not sign the same counterpart. Signatures to this Agreement transmitted by facsimile transmission, by electronic mail in “portable document format” ​(“.pdf”) form, or by any other electronic means intended to preserve the original graphic and pictorial appearance of a document, will have the same effect as physical delivery of the paper document bearing the original signature.

Section 9.7   Entire Agreement; No Third-Party Beneficiaries.   This Agreement (including the documents and the instruments referred to herein), together with the Voting Agreement, (a) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and (b) except (i) as provided in Section 6.7(e) and Section 8.2(a) and (ii) following the Effective Time, the rights of the holders of Safe Common Stock to receive the Merger Consideration and cash payments in lieu of fractional shares and the rights of holders of Safe Equity Awards to receive Star Restricted Stock Units, in each case, in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of Article II, is not intended to confer upon any Person other than the Parties any rights or remedies hereunder.

Section 9.8   Severability.   Any term or provision of this Agreement which is invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to that jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity or unenforceability and, unless the effect of such invalidity or unenforceability would prevent the Parties from realizing the major portion of the economic benefits of the Merger that they currently anticipate obtaining therefrom, shall not render invalid or unenforceable the remaining terms and provisions of this Agreement or affect the validity or enforceability of any of the terms or provisions of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction. If any provision of this Agreement is so broad as to be unenforceable, the provision shall be interpreted to be only so broad as is enforceable.

Section 9.9   Assignment.   Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights, interests or obligations of the Parties hereunder shall be assigned by any of the Parties (whether by operation of law or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the other Party, and any attempt to make any such assignment without such consent shall be null and void. Subject to the preceding sentence, this Agreement will be binding upon, inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns.

Section 9.10   Governing Law.   This Agreement shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Maryland (without giving effect to choice of law principles thereof).

Section 9.11   Submission to Jurisdiction.   Each of the Parties agrees that it shall bring any action or proceeding in respect of any claim arising under or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement exclusively in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or if that court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division (the “Chosen Courts”) and, solely in connection with such claims, (a) irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Chosen Courts, (b) waives any objection to the laying of venue in any such action or proceeding in the Chosen Courts, (c) waives any objection that the Chosen Courts are an inconvenient forum or do not have jurisdiction over any Party and (d) agrees that mailing of process or other papers in connection with any such action or proceeding in the manner provided in Section 9.4 or in such other manner as may be permitted by Law shall be valid and sufficient service thereof. Each of the Parties further consents to the assignment of any action or proceeding in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland to the Business and Technology Case Management Program pursuant to Maryland Rule 16-308 (or any successor thereto). The consent to jurisdiction set forth in this Section 9.11 shall not constitute a general consent to service of process in the State of Maryland and shall have no effect for any purpose except as provided in this Section 9.11. The Parties agree that a final judgment in any such suit, action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by Law.

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Section 9.12   Enforcement.   The Parties agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms on a timely basis or were otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the Parties shall be entitled to an injunction or other equitable relief to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Agreement in any court identified in the Section above, this being in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity.

Section 9.13   WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL.   EACH OF THE PARTIES HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION OR COUNTERCLAIM (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

ARTICLE X
DEFINITIONS

Section 10.1   Certain Definitions.   For purposes of this Agreement, the term:

“Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement” means a confidentiality or non-disclosure agreement with confidentiality provisions that are customary for public companies investigating potential change of control or significant asset sale transactions, as reasonably determined by the board of directors (or a committee thereof) of the applicable Party after consultation with outside counsel; provided, that such confidentiality or non-disclosure agreement shall permit compliance with Section 6.4 and may permit any non-public communications, requests or proposals with or to the board of directors (or a committee thereof) of the applicable Party, including, for the avoidance of doubt, the making or negotiating of any Acquisition Proposal or Superior Proposal, and such confidentiality agreement need not contain a standstill provision.

“Acquisition Proposal” means (a) any proposal, offer, inquiry or indication of interest relating to a merger, joint venture, partnership, consolidation, dissolution, liquidation, tender offer, recapitalization, reorganization, spin-off, share exchange, business combination or similar transaction involving Safe or Star, as applicable, or any of their respective Subsidiaries or (b) any acquisition by any Person or group resulting in, or any proposal, offer, inquiry or indication of interest that, in the case of (a) or (b), if consummated would result in, any Person (or the stockholders or other equity interest holders of such Person) or “group” ​(as defined pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act) becoming the beneficial owner of, directly or indirectly, in one or a series of related transactions, 15% or more of the total voting power of any class of equity securities of Safe or Star (or of the surviving parent entity in such transaction), as applicable, or 15% or more of the consolidated net revenues, net income or total assets (it being understood that assets include equity securities of Subsidiaries) of Safe or Star, as applicable, in each case other than the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and other than sales of assets of Star that would be owned by SpinCo and its Subsidiaries after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution.

“Additional Cash Proceeds” means the aggregate of the following of Star or its Subsidiaries obtained after the date hereof:

(i)

50% of the net cash proceeds to Star resulting from the sale of assets of Star or its Subsidiaries (or in the case of assets that are receivables or Indebtedness owing to Star or any its Subsidiaries, cash proceeds from the repayment of such receivables or Indebtedness to Star or such applicable Subsidiary) that would be Transferred Assets (as such term is defined in the Separation and Distribution Agreement) in excess of the first $409 million of such proceeds;

(ii)

the net cash proceeds to Star resulting from the sale of Safe Common Stock by Star, including any such sales of Safe Common Stock by Star occurring concurrent with the Closing;

(iii)

the net cash proceeds to Star resulting from the sale of Star Common Stock by Star;

(iv)

the net amount of the reduction in long-term liabilities of Star or its Subsidiaries (as determined under GAAP) that are extinguished by Star or such Subsidiary of Star (other than iPIP) for non-cash consideration; and

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(v)

the net amount of the reduction in long-term liabilities of Star and its Subsidiaries (as determined under GAAP) resulting from liability management transactions by Star or such Subsidiary of Star.

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such first Person. For purposes of this Agreement, Star shall not be deemed to be an Affiliate of Safe and Safe shall not be deemed to be an Affiliate of Star.

“Benefit Plan” means, any compensation benefit plan, program, policy, agreement or other arrangement, including any “employee benefit plans” ​(within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA, whether or not subject to ERISA), including any bonus, cash- or equity-based incentive, deferred compensation, stock purchase, health, medical, dental, disability, accident, life insurance, or vacation, paid time off, perquisite, fringe benefit, severance, change of control, retention, employment, separation, retirement, pension, profit-sharing, consulting, change in control, Tax gross-up, or savings, plan, program, policy, agreement or arrangement.

“Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which the banks in New York, New York are authorized by law or executive order to be closed.

“Contract” means any written or oral contract, agreement, lease, license, note, loan, bond, mortgage, indenture, commitment, arrangement, understanding or other instrument or obligation, in each case that is legally binding.

“Controlled Group Liability” means any and all liabilities (a) under Title IV of ERISA, (b) under Section 302 of ERISA, (c) under Sections 412 or 4971 of the Code, (d) as a result of a failure to comply with the continuation coverage requirements of Part 6 of Subtitle B of Title I of ERISA, Section 4980B of the Code and any similar state Law and (e) as a result of a failure to comply with the requirements of Section 414(t) of the Code.

“COVID-19” means SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19, and any evolutions or variants thereof, or related or associated epidemics, pandemic or disease outbreaks.

“Designated Exchange” means Nasdaq or NYSE (or any such exchange’s affiliated exchanges) or such other primary stock exchange on which the SpinCo Common Shares will be listed following the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Separation and Distribution Agreement; provided, that the Designated Exchange shall be NYSE, unless (a) in the case of Nasdaq (or one of its affiliated exchanges), (i) Star reasonably determines, in good faith and after consultation with Safe, that the Designated Exchange should be Nasdaq (or one of its affiliated exchanges) based on adverse developments in the listing process of NYSE following the date hereof and such change from NYSE to Nasdaq would not reasonably be expected to materially delay the Closing of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Separation and Distribution Agreement and would not adversely affect any of the covenants, agreements, rights or obligations of any Party to this Agreement or the Separation and Distribution Agreement or (ii) such exchange is mutually agreed to in writing by Safe and Star prior to the Closing (such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed by Safe or Star) or (b) in the case of any exchange other than Nasdaq or NYSE (or their affiliated exchanges), such exchange is mutually agreed to in writing by Safe and Star prior to the Closing (such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed by Safe or Star).

“Effect” means any change, effect, development, circumstance, condition, state of facts, event or occurrence.

“Environmental Laws” means all Laws relating to pollution, public worker health or safety or protection of the environment or natural resources.

“ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

“ERISA Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, trade or business (whether or not incorporated) which, together with such Person, is (or at any relevant time has been or would

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be) a member of a controlled group of corporations or a group of trades or businesses under common control within the meaning of § 414 of the Code or § 4001(a)(14) of ERISA.

“Extension Share Deduction” means: (i) if Star has not raised $198.0 million of Additional Cash Proceeds by March 31, 2023 (and Star’s exclusivity rights under Section 1(A) of Annex A to the Voting Agreement have not been previously suspended pursuant to Section 1B thereof), 358,511; and (ii) if Star has not raised $223.0 million of Additional Cash Proceeds by June 30, 2023 (and Star’s exclusivity rights under Section 1(A) of Annex A to the Voting Agreement have not been suspended pursuant to Section 1B thereof), 1,195,034.

“GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles.

“Hazardous Materials” means any material, waste or other substance which is regulated by or may give rise to standards of conduct or liability under Environmental Laws, including any petroleum products or byproducts, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, per and polyfluoroalkyl substances, noise, odor, mold or radiation.

“Indebtedness” means with respect to any Person, (a) all indebtedness, notes payable, accrued interest payable or other obligations for borrowed money, whether secured or unsecured, (b) all obligations under conditional sale or other title retention agreements, or incurred as financing, in either case with respect to property acquired by such Person, (c) all obligations issued, undertaken or assumed as the deferred purchase price for any property or assets, (d) all obligations under capital leases, (e) all obligations in respect of bankers acceptances, letters of credit, or similar instruments, (f) all obligations under interest rate cap, swap, collar or similar transaction or currency hedging transactions and (g) any guarantee of any of the foregoing, whether or not evidenced by a note, mortgage, bond, indenture or similar instrument.

“Intellectual Property Rights” means any and all of the following statutory or common law rights: (a) patents, patent applications, patent disclosures, inventions and all improvements thereto (whether or not patentable or reduced to practice), (b) Internet domain names, trademarks, service marks, trade dress, trade names, logos, slogans and corporate names, and registrations and applications for registration thereof and including all of the goodwill associated with any of the foregoing, (c) copyrights and copyrightable works, works of authorship, all registrations and applications for registration thereof, and all moral rights and rights in data, databases, and data collections, (d) trade secrets and other confidential information, know-how, concepts, ideas, technologies, protocols, methods, algorithms, layouts, specifications, designs, plans, and proposals, (e) all rights in software and (f) other intellectual property rights.

“IRS” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Service or any successor agency.

“Labor Agreement” means any collective bargaining agreement or other Contract with any labor union or labor organization.

“Law” means any federal, state, local or foreign law (including common law), act, statute, code, ordinance, rule, regulation, judgment, order, determination, injunction, ruling, award, decree, writ or requirement of any Governmental Entity.

“Lien” means any lien, pledge, hypothecation, mortgage, security interest, encumbrance, license, claim, infringement, interference, option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, community property interest or restriction of any nature (including any restriction on the voting of any security, any restriction on the transfer of any security or other asset, or any restriction on the possession, exercise or transfer of any other attribute of ownership of any asset).

“Management Agreement” means that certain Amended and Restated Management Agreement dated as of January 2, 2019 between Safe, the Safe Operating Partnership and the Manager, as may be amended, restated, supplemented or modified from time to time.

“Management Business” means the assets and employees of Star used in the provision of services to Safe described in Section 2(c) of the Management Agreement.

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“Manager” means SFTY Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

“Minimum Distribution Dividend” shall mean a distribution with respect to Safe’s taxable year ending at the Effective Time which is sufficient to allow Safe to (a) satisfy the distribution requirements set forth in Section 857(a) of the Code and (b) avoid, to the extent possible, the imposition of income tax under Section 857(b) of the Code and the imposition of excise tax under Section 4981 of the Code.

“NYSE” shall mean the New York Stock Exchange.

“Open Source Software” means any software that is licensed pursuant to a (i) a license that is, or is substantially similar to, a license now or in the future approved by the Open Source Initiative and listed at http://www.opensource.org/licenses or (ii) license under which such software or other materials are distributed or licensed as “free software,” “open source software” or under similar terms or models.

“Permitted Lien” means any (a) Liens relating to the Indebtedness set forth on Section 10.1(a) of the Star Disclosure Letter or Section 10.1(a) of the Safe Disclosure Letter, as applicable, (b) Liens that result from any statutory or other Liens for Taxes or assessments that are not yet subject to penalty or the validity of which is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which there are adequate reserves (to the extent such reserves are required pursuant to GAAP), (c) air rights affecting any Star Property, (d) zoning regulations, permits and licenses, (e) Liens that are disclosed on the existing Star Title Insurance Policies as in existence on the date hereof, as applicable, and, with respect to leasehold interests, Liens on the underlying fee or leasehold interest of the applicable ground lessor, lessor or sublessor, (f) any cashiers’, landlords’, workers’, mechanics’, carriers’, workmen’s, repairmen’s and materialmen’s Liens and other similar Liens imposed by Law and incurred in the ordinary course of business that are not yet subject to penalty or the validity of which is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, (g) with respect to real property, non-monetary Liens or other minor imperfections of title, which may include (i) easements whether or not shown by the public records, overlaps, encroachments and any matters not of record which would be disclosed by an accurate survey or a personal inspection of the property, (ii) any supplemental Taxes or assessments not shown by the public records and (iii) title to any portion of the premises lying within the right of way or boundary of any public road or private road, in all cases to the extent such non-monetary Liens or minor imperfections of title do not materially impair the value of the applicable Star Property, or the continued use and operation of the applicable Star Property, in each case, as currently used and operated, (h) rights of parties in possession, and (i) ordinary course, non-exclusive licenses of Intellectual Property Rights.

“Person” means an individual, a corporation, a partnership, a limited liability company, an association, a trust, or any other entity, group (as such term is used in Section 13 of the Exchange Act) or organization, including a Governmental Entity, and any permitted successors and assigns of such Person.

“REIT” means a real estate investment trust within the meaning of Sections 856 through 860 of the Code.

“Representatives” means, with respect to any Person, such Person’s directors, officers, employees, agents, or representatives (including investment bankers, financial or other advisors or consultants, auditors, accountants, attorneys, brokers, finders or other agents).

“Reverse Management Agreement” means that certain Management Agreement to be entered into at the Closing by and between the Surviving Corporation and SpinCo, substantially in the form attached as Schedule IV hereto.

“Safe Debt Agreements” means, collectively, (i) the indenture, dated as of May 7, 2021, by and between the Safe Operating Partnership, as issuer, Safe, as guarantor, and U.S. Bank, National Association, as trustee, (ii) the first supplemental indenture, dated as of May 7, 2021, among the Safe Operating Partnership, as issuer, Safe, as guarantor, and U.S. Bank, National Association, as trustee, (iii) the second supplemental indenture, dated as of November 18, 2021, among the Safe Operating Partnership, as issuer, Safe, as guarantor, and U.S. Bank, National Association, as trustee, (iv) the master note purchase agreement, dated as of January 27, 2022, by and among the Safe Operating Partnership,

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as issuer, Safe, as parent guarantor, and the purchasers named therein, (v) the note purchase and private shelf agreement, dated as of May 13, 2022, by and among Safe Operating Partnership, as issuer, Safe, as parent guarantor, and the purchasers named therein and (vi) the credit agreement, dated as of March 31, 2021, by and among Safe Operating Partnership, as borrower, Safe, as guarantor, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other parties thereto, in each case as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time.

“Safe Equity Awards” means the Safe Restricted Stock Units.

“Safe Equity Plans” means the Safety, Income and Growth Operating Partnership 2017 Equity Incentive Plan.

“Safe Lease” means all land, together with all buildings, structures, improvements and fixtures located thereon, and all easements and other rights and interests appurtenant thereto, owned by Safe and used or intended to be used in, or otherwise related to, the Business, together with all leases, licenses or other agreements (written or oral) pursuant to which Safe conveys or grants to any Person a leasehold estate in, or the right to use or occupy, any such real property or portion thereof.

“Safe Material Adverse Effect” means any Effect that has a material adverse effect on to the assets, properties, liabilities, financial condition, business or results of operations of Safe and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole; provided, however, that a Safe Material Adverse Effect shall not include any Effect arising out of or resulting from: (a) any changes in general United States or global economic conditions; (b) changes generally affecting the industry or industries in which Safe operates; (c) any change in Law or the interpretation thereof or GAAP or the interpretation thereof; (d) acts of war, armed hostility or terrorism or any worsening thereof; (e) pandemics (including COVID-19), earthquakes, hurricanes, tornados or other natural disasters or calamities; (f) quarantine, “shelter in place,” “stay at home,” social distancing, shut down, closure, sequester, safety or similar Law promulgated by any Governmental Entity, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization, in each case, in connection with or in response to COVID-19 or another pandemic (“COVID-19 Measures”); (g) any Effect attributable to the negotiation, announcement or consummation of this Agreement or and the transactions contemplated hereby (provided that this clause (g) shall not apply to any representation or warranty to the extent the purpose of such representation or warranty is to address the consequences resulting from this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby); (h) any litigation resulting from, arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (provided that this clause (h) shall not apply to any representation or warranty to the extent the purpose of such representation or warranty is to address the consequences resulting from this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby); (i) any failure by Safe to meet any internal or published projections (whether published by Safe or any analysts) or forecasts or estimates of revenues or earnings or results of operations for any period (it being understood and agreed that the facts and circumstances giving rise to any such failure that are not otherwise excluded from the definition of a Safe Material Adverse Effect may be taken into account in determining whether there has been a Safe Material Adverse Effect); (j) any change in the price or trading volume of shares of Safe Common Stock or any other publicly traded securities of Safe (it being understood and agreed that the facts and circumstances giving rise to such change that are not otherwise excluded from the definition of a Safe Material Adverse Effect may be taken into account in determining whether there has been a Safe Material Adverse Effect); (k) any reduction in the credit rating of Safe or its Subsidiaries (it being understood and agreed that the facts and circumstances giving rise to such reduction that are not otherwise excluded from the definition of a Safe Material Adverse Effect may be taken into account in determining whether there has been a Safe Material Adverse Effect); and (l) any bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of any tenant under any Safe Lease or the commencement of any bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization proceeding with respect to any tenant under any Safe Lease; and provided, further, that if any Effect described in any of clauses (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) has had a disproportionate adverse impact on Safe relative to other companies of comparable size to Safe operating in the industry in which Safe operates, then the incremental impact of such event shall be taken into account for the purpose of determining whether a Safe Material Adverse Effect has occurred.

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“Safe Operating Partnership” means Safehold Operating Partnership, LP.

“Safe Superior Proposal” means a Superior Proposal with respect to Safe.

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Security Incident” means any (a) breach of security (including any phishing incident, ransomware or malware attack, man-in-the-middle attack or other security incident) affecting the Systems or (b) incident in which personal information was or may have been accessed, disclosed, destroyed, processed, used, transferred or exfiltrated in an unauthorized manner (whether any of the foregoing was in possession or control of Star or any of its Subsidiaries or by another Person on behalf of Star or any of its Subsidiaries at the time of such incident).

“Significant Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary of Star or Safe, as the case may be, that would constitute a Significant Subsidiary of such Party within the meaning of Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X of the SEC.

“SpinCo” means the Subsidiary of Star to be incorporated after the date of this Agreement to which certain properties and assets of Star and its subsidiaries, as well as certain Liabilities of Star and its subsidiaries, will be contributed pursuant to the SpinCo Reorganization.

“SpinCo Common Shares” means the common shares of beneficial interest of SpinCo.

“SpinCo Distribution” means the distribution of all of the SpinCo Common Shares on a pro rata basis by Star to the stockholders of Star, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

“SpinCo Reorganization” means the series of restructuring and distribution transactions set forth on Schedule I and on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

“Star Breach Event” means any action or failure to take any action of Star or any Subsidiary of Star that resulted in (a) any representation or warranty set forth in this Agreement to be untrue or incorrect, (b) a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement set forth in this Agreement or (c) any other failure to comply with the provisions of this Agreement, in each case, other than at the express direction of the Safe Special Committee.

“Star Common Stock” means common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Star.

“Star Convertible Notes” means Star’s 3.125% Senior Convertible Notes due 2022.

“Star Convertible Notes Indenture” means that certain Base Indenture, dated as of February 5, 2001, by and among Star and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”) as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified to date, including by that certain Thirty-Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 20, 2017, by and among Star and the Trustee, governing the Star Convertible Notes.

“Star Credit Facilities” means the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2019, by and among Star, the Banks listed therein and JP Morgan Chase, N.A., as Administrative Agent.

“Star Equity Plan” means the Star 2009 Long Term Incentive Plan.

“Star Existing Notes” means, collectively, (i) Star’s 4.75% Senior Notes due 2024, (ii) Star’s 4.25% Senior Notes due 2025 and (iii) Star’s 5.50% Senior Notes due 2026.

“Star Existing Indentures” means that certain Base Indenture, dated as of February 5, 2001, by and among Star and the Trustee, as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified to date, including by those certain (i) Thirty-Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 16, 2019, by and among Star and the Trustee, governing Star’s 4.75% Senior Notes due 2024, (ii) Thirty-Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 16, 2019, by and among Star and the Trustee, governing Star’s 4.25%

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Senior Notes due 2025 and (iii) Thirty-Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 1, 2020, by and among Star and the Trustee, governing Star’s 5.50% Senior Notes due 2026.

“Star Joint Ventures” means iStar LH Fund LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and iStar GL Venture REIT LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and “Star Joint Venture” means either one of them.

“Star Material Adverse Effect” means any Effect that has a material adverse effect on the assets, properties, liabilities, financial condition, business or results of operations of Star and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole; provided, however, that a Star Material Adverse Effect shall not include any Effect arising out of or resulting from: (a) any changes in general United States or global economic conditions; (b) changes generally affecting the industry or industries in which Star operates; (c) any change in Law or the interpretation thereof or GAAP or the interpretation thereof; (d) acts of war, armed hostility or terrorism or any worsening thereof; (e) pandemics (including COVID-19), earthquakes, hurricanes, tornados or other natural disasters or calamities; (f) COVID-19 Measures; (g) any Effect attributable to the negotiation, announcement or consummation of this Agreement or and the transactions contemplated hereby (provided that this clause (g) shall not apply to any representation or warranty to the extent the purpose of such representation or warranty is to address the consequences resulting from this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby); (h) any litigation resulting from, arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (provided that this clause (h) shall not apply to any representation or warranty to the extent the purpose of such representation or warranty is to address the consequences resulting from this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby); (i) any failure by Star to meet any internal or published projections (whether published by Star or any analysts) or forecasts or estimates of revenues or earnings or results of operations for any period (it being understood and agreed that the facts and circumstances giving rise to any such failure that are not otherwise excluded from the definition of a Star Material Adverse Effect may be taken into account in determining whether there has been a Star Material Adverse Effect); (j) any change in the price or trading volume of shares of Star Common Stock or any other publicly traded securities of Star (it being understood and agreed that the facts and circumstances giving rise to such change that are not otherwise excluded from the definition of a Star Material Adverse Effect may be taken into account in determining whether there has been a Star Material Adverse Effect); (k) any reduction in the credit rating of Star or its Subsidiaries (it being understood and agreed that the facts and circumstances giving rise to such reduction that are not otherwise excluded from the definition of a Star Material Adverse Effect may be taken into account in determining whether there has been a Star Material Adverse Effect); and (l) any bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of any tenant under any Star Lease or the commencement of any bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization proceeding with respect to any tenant under any Star Lease; and provided, further, that if any Effect described in any of clauses (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) has had a disproportionate adverse impact on Star relative to other companies of comparable size to Star operating in the industry in which Star operates, then the incremental impact of such event shall be taken into account for the purpose of determining whether a Star Material Adverse Effect has occurred.

“Star Material Contract” means any Contract to which Star or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which any of them or their respective properties or assets may be bound, other than Contracts that are binding only on SpinCo and Subsidiaries of Star that will be Subsidiaries of SpinCo after giving effect to the SpinCo Distribution and the SpinCo Reorganization, that:

(a)   is required to be filed as an exhibit to the Star SEC Documents pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC;

(b)   relates to any partnership, joint venture, strategic alliance, co-investment or similar agreement with any third party involving a financial commitment exceeding $15,000,000;

(c)   contains any non-compete or exclusivity provisions with respect to any line of business or geographic area that would restrict or limit in any material respect the business to be conducted by the Surviving Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution, or that otherwise would restrict or limit in any material respect the lines of business to be conducted by the Surviving Corporation or any of its

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Subsidiaries or the geographic area in which the Surviving Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries may conduct business, in each case after giving effect to the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution, other than any ground lease and other than Contracts that are terminable on 12 months or less notice without material cost or penalty;

(d)   involves any merger, consolidation or similar business combination transaction, other than such actions that involve only wholly-owned Subsidiaries of Star;

(e)   relates to development, construction, capital expenditures or purchase of materials, supplies, equipment or other assets or properties (other than purchase orders for such items in the ordinary course of business) in each case that are not terminable on 12 months or less notice without material cost or penalty and requiring aggregate payments by Star or any of its Subsidiaries in excess of $1,000,000 during their remaining term;

(f)   evidences a capitalized lease obligation or other Indebtedness to any Person, or any guaranty thereof, in excess of $1,000,000, other than any Contract in respect of a ground lease or office leases or obligations thereunder and other than ordinary course equipment leases;

(g)   constitutes an interest rate cap, interest rate collar, interest rate swap or other contract or agreement relating to a hedging transaction;

(h)   grants to any Person a right of first refusal, a right of first offer or an option, in each case, to purchase, acquire, sell or dispose of any Star Property that has a fair market value of greater than $1,000,000;

(i)   is for the employment or engagement of any director, officer, employee or individual independent contractor on a full-time, part-time, consulting or other basis providing for annual compensation opportunities in excess of $100,000 (other than any “at will” contract that may be terminated by Star upon 30 days or less advance notice);

(j)   is a bonus, equity, severance, retention, transaction or change of control bonus, pension, profit sharing, retirement or other form of deferred compensation plan or arrangement;

(k)   (a) relating to the licensing or granting of any Intellectual Property Right by Star or any of its Subsidiaries to a third party or by a third party to Star or any of its Subsidiaries, including covenants not to sue (other than (i) licenses to Star or its Subsidiaries for generally available commercial, unmodified, “off the shelf” software used solely for Star’s or its Subsidiaries’ own internal use or in the provision of managerial services to Safe for an aggregate consideration of no more than $500,000 and (ii) assignment of Intellectual Property Rights to Star or its Subsidiaries by employees or consultants under Star’s or its respective Subsidiary’s standard form employment or consultant agreements) or (b) affecting Star’s or its Subsidiaries’ ability to use or enforce any Intellectual Property Right;

(l)   is a Labor Agreement;

(m)   is a settlement, conciliation or similar agreement with any Governmental Entity or pursuant to which Star or any of its Subsidiaries will have any material outstanding obligation after the date of this Agreement;

(n)   prohibits the payment of dividends or other distributions in respect of Star Common Stock or shares or other equity interests of any Subsidiary of Star; or

(o)   constitutes a loan to any Person (other than a wholly owned Subsidiaries of Star) by Star or any of its Subsidiaries in an amount in excess of $1,000,000.

“Star Preferred Stock” means preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Star.

“Star Share Consolidation Ratio” means a fraction of a share of Star Common Stock equal to (i) (a) the number of shares of Safe Common Stock held by Star and its wholly-owned Subsidiaries as of immediately prior to the Charter Amendment Effective Time (after completion of the SpinCo Reorganization and the SpinCo Distribution, the termination and settlement of Star’s iPIP plans and

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any sales of Safe Common Stock by Star to third parties in connection with the Closing or that would take place concurrently with the Closing), plus (b) the sum of (x) 1,195,034 plus (y) the number of shares of Safe Common Stock payable to Star in respect of the Management Fee (as such term is defined in the Management Agreement) that has accrued but remains unpaid as of the Closing Date pursuant to the Management Agreement (if any) minus (c) any Extension Share Deduction, divided by (ii) the aggregate number of issued and outstanding shares of Star Common Stock as of immediately prior to the Charter Amendment Effective Time, calculated in a manner consistent with the sample calculations set forth in Schedule V.

“Star Stock Issuance” means the issuance of Star Common Stock in connection with the Merger.

“Star Superior Proposal” means a Superior Proposal with respect to Star.

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, real estate investment trust, or other organization, whether incorporated or unincorporated, or other legal entity of which (a) such Person directly or indirectly owns or controls at least a majority of the capital stock or other equity interests having by their terms ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors or others performing similar functions; (b) such Person is a general partner, manager or managing member; or (c) such Person holds a majority of the equity economic interest. For the avoidance of doubt, each Star Joint Venture shall be considered a Subsidiary of Star. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither Safe nor any Subsidiary of Safe shall be considered a Subsidiary of Star.

“Superior Proposal” means, with respect to Safe or Star, as applicable, a bona fide written Acquisition Proposal that the Safe Special Committee or the Star Special Committee, respectively, determines in good faith, after consultation with its financial advisors and outside legal counsel, taking into account all legal, financial, timing, regulatory and other aspects of the proposal and the Person making the proposal (including any termination fees, expense reimbursement provisions and conditions to consummation), if consummated, would result in a transaction that is more favorable to the stockholders of Safe or Star, respectively, than the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; provided, that for purposes of this definition of “Superior Proposal,” the term Acquisition Proposal shall have the meaning assigned to such term in this Section 10.1, except that the references to “15% or more” in the definition of “Acquisition Proposal” shall be deemed to be references to “more than 50%”.

“Systems” means software, firmware, servers, hardware systems (whether general or special purpose), websites, databases, circuits, networks, computer and telecommunication assets and equipment, middleware, network equipment, routers, platforms, peripherals, interfaces, websites, servers, and other information technology equipment, and the information contained therein or processed or transmitted thereby, in each case, owned, licensed, leased or used or held for use by or for the benefit of Star or any of its Subsidiaries.

“Tax” or “Taxes” means all federal, state, local, foreign and other taxes, levies, fees, imposts, assessments, impositions or other similar government charges, including income, estimated income, business, occupation, franchise, real property, payroll, personal property, sales, transfer, stamp, use, employment, commercial rent or withholding (including dividend withholding and withholding required pursuant to Section 1445 and Section 1446 of the Code), occupancy, premium, gross receipts, profits, windfall profits, deemed profits, license, lease, severance, capital, production, corporation, ad valorem, excise, duty or other taxes, including interest, penalties and additions (to the extent applicable) thereto, whether disputed or not.

“Tax Return” shall mean any report, return, document, declaration or other information or filing supplied or required to be supplied to any taxing authority or jurisdiction (foreign or domestic) with respect to Taxes, including any schedule or attachment thereto and any amendment thereof, any information returns, any documents with respect to or accompanying payments of estimated Taxes, or with respect to or accompanying requests for the extension of time in which to file any such report, return, document, declaration or other information.

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“to Safe’s knowledge” or “to the knowledge of Safe” means the actual knowledge, after reasonable inquiry, of any of the persons listed in Section 10.1(b) of the Safe Disclosure Letter.

“to Star’s knowledge” or “to the knowledge of Star” means the actual knowledge, after reasonable inquiry, of any of the persons listed in Section 10.1(b) of the Star Disclosure Letter.

“WARN Act” means the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988, as amended, and any similar Laws.

“Willful Breach” means an intentional and willful material breach, or an intentional and willful material failure to perform, in each case that is the consequence of an act or omission by a Party, whether or not breaching this Agreement was the conscious object of such act or omission; provided, that Safe shall not be deemed to have committed a Willful Breach to the extent such breach or failure to perform was the result of a Star Breach Event.

Section 10.2   Terms Defined Elsewhere.   The following terms are defined elsewhere in this Agreement, as indicated below:

Acquisition Agreement	49
Acquisitions	36
Action	23
Additional Dividend Amount	55
Agreement	1
Articles of Merger	4
Bankruptcy and Equitable Exceptions	13
Base Amount	53
Blue Sky Laws	14
Book-Entry Shares	6
Certificates	6
Change in Safe Recommendation	50
Change in Star Recommendation	50
Charter Amendment	1
Charter Amendment Effective Time	3
Chosen Courts	72
Closing	4
Closing Date	4
Closing Dividend Date	55
Code	2
Common Stock Merger Consideration	1
Debt Assumption	56
Debt Assumption Documents	56
Effective Time	4
Eligible Shares	5
Excess Shares	3
Exchange Act	14
Exchange Agent	7
Exchange Fund	7
Excluded Shares	5
Existing Star Holders	3

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Form 10	58
Form S-4	44
Governance Agreement	2
Governmental Entity	14
Ground Lease Documents	30
IAS	59
Indemnified Parties	52
Internalization Merger	59
Internalization Merger Agreement	59
Internalization Option	59
Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus	44
Letter of Transmittal	7
Loan	31
Loan Documents	31
Merger	4
Merger Consideration	6
MGCL	2
Notice of Superior Proposal Recommendation Change	51
Organizational Documents	14
Outside Date	64
Par Value Change	1
Par Value Change Amendment	1
Par Value Charter Amendment Effective Time	4
Parties	1
Party	1
Payoff Letters	57
Permits	33
Preferred Stock Merger Consideration	6
Qualifying Income	67
Registration Rights Agreement	2
REIT Requirements	67
Reorganization	59
Reverse Split	1
Safe	1
Safe Base Amount	67
Safe Capitalization Date	12
Safe Common Stock	5
Safe Disclosure Letter	12
Safe Material Contract	13
Safe Preferred Stock	12
Safe Required Vote	17
Safe Restricted Stock Unit	10
Safe SEC Documents	14
Safe Special Committee	1

A-65

Safe Stockholders Meeting	45
Safe Tax Representation Letter	38
Safe Termination Fee	67
Sarbanes-Oxley Act	14
SDAT	3
Securities Act	11
Separation and Distribution Agreement	2
SMS	59
Special Safe Distribution	35
Special Star Distribution	39
SpinCo Information Statement	58
Star	1
Star Base Amount	68
Star Benefit Plans	26
Star Capitalization Date	18
Star Disclosure Letter	17
Star Ground Leased Properties	30
Star Ground Leased Property	30
Star Intellectual Property	32
Star Leased Property	29
Star Leases	30
Star Owned or Leased Properties	29
Star Owned Property	29
Star Properties	30
Star Property	30
Star Required Vote	29
Star Restricted Stock Unit	11
Star SEC Documents	20
Star Series D Preferred Stock Merger Consideration	6
Star Series G Preferred Stock Merger Consideration	6
Star Series I Preferred Stock Merger Consideration	6
Star Special Committee	1
Star Stockholders Meeting	46
Star Tax Representation Letter	44
Star Termination Fee	68
Star Title Insurance Policy	31
Surviving Corporation	4
Tax Guidance	68
Transfer Agent	3
Voting Agreement	2
Voting Debt	19

[Remainder of this page intentionally left blank]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Star and Safe have caused this Agreement to be signed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized, all as of the date first set forth above.

iSTAR INC.

By:

/s/ Brett Asnas

Name: Brett Asnas
Title:   Chief Financial Officer

SAFEHOLD INC.

By:

/s/ Marcos Alvarado

Name: Marcos Alvarado
Title:   President and Chief Investment Officer

[Signature Page to Agreement and Plan of Merger]

EXHIBIT D

Star Charter Amendment

FINAL FORM​

EXHIBIT D-1

ISTAR INC.

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT:

FIRST: The charter (the “Charter”) of iStar Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Corporation”), is hereby amended to provide that, upon the Effective Time (as defined below), every [      ] shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Corporation which were issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be changed into one issued and outstanding share of Common Stock, par value $[0.      ] per share, of the Corporation.

SECOND: The amendment to the Charter as set forth above has been duly approved by at least a majority of the entire Board of Directors as required by law. The amendment set forth herein is made without action by the stockholders of the Corporation, pursuant to Section 2-309(e) of the Maryland General Corporation Law.

THIRD: There has been no increase in the authorized shares of stock of the Corporation effected by the amendment to the Charter as set forth above.

FOURTH: These Articles of Amendment shall become effective at [      ] [a.m.][p.m.], Eastern Time, on [           ] (the “Effective Time”).

FIFTH: The undersigned acknowledges these Articles of Amendment to be the corporate act of the Corporation and as to all matters or facts required to be verified under oath, the undersigned acknowledges that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, these matters and facts are true in all material respects and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these Articles of Amendment to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its [                 ] and attested to by its [                 ] on this [      ] day of [                 ].

ATTEST:	ISTAR INC.
Name: Title:	By:	Name: Title:	(SEAL)

FINAL FORM​

EXHIBIT D-2

ISTAR INC.

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT:

FIRST: The charter (the “Charter”) of iStar Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Corporation”), is hereby amended to change the par value of the shares of Common Stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (as defined below) from $0.[      ] per share to $0.01 per share.

SECOND: The amendment to the Charter as set forth above has been duly approved by at least a majority of the entire Board of Directors as required by law. The amendment set forth herein is made without action by the stockholders of the Corporation, pursuant to Section 2-605(a)(2) of the Maryland General Corporation Law.

THIRD: There has been no increase in the authorized shares of stock of the Corporation effected by the amendment to the Charter as set forth above.

FOURTH: These Articles of Amendment shall become effective at [           ] [a.m.][p.m.], Eastern Time, on [                 ] (the “Effective Time”).

FIFTH: The undersigned acknowledges these Articles of Amendment to be the corporate act of the Corporation and as to all matters or facts required to be verified under oath, the undersigned acknowledges that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, these matters and facts are true in all material respects and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these Articles of Amendment to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its [                 ] and attested to by its [                 ] on this [      ] day of [                 ].

ATTEST:	ISTAR INC.
Name: Title:	By:	Name: Title:	(SEAL)

Annex B​

FINAL FORM​

Dated as of [•]

iSTAR INC.

and

[SPINCO]

SEPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

​	Page
Article I Definitions	​	B-1
Article II The Separation	​	B-9
2.1 Separation Transactions	​	B-9
2.2 Transfer Documents	​	B-10
2.3 Waiver of Bulk-Sale and Bulk-Transfer Laws	​	B-10
2.4 Approvals and Notifications	​	B-10
2.5 Release of Guarantees	​	B-11
2.6 Termination of Agreements, Settlement of Accounts between iStar and SpinCo	​	B-12
2.7 Treatment of Shared Contracts	​	B-13
2.8 Bank Accounts	​	B-13
2.9 Cash Contribution	​	B-14
2.10 Prorations	​	B-14
2.11 Disclaimer of Representations and Warranties	​	B-14
Article III Additional Covenants; Conditions	​	B-15
3.1 Commercially Reasonable Efforts	​	B-15
3.2 Cooperation; Misallocations	​	B-15
3.3 Conditions to the Distribution	​	B-16
3.4 Certain Provisions Regarding the Distribution	​	B-17
Article IV Mutual Releases; Indemnification	​	B-18
4.1 Release of Pre-Distribution Claims	​	B-18
4.2 Indemnification by SpinCo	​	B-19
4.3 Indemnification by iStar	​	B-20
4.4 Limitations on Indemnification Obligations	​	B-20
4.5 Procedures for Indemnification of Third-Party Claims	​	B-21
4.6 Additional Matters	​	B-23
4.7 Right of Contribution	​	B-24
4.8 Covenant Not to Sue	​	B-24
4.9 Remedies Cumulative	​	B-24
4.10 Survival of Indemnities	​	B-24
Article V Certain Other Matters	​	B-25
5.1 Insurance Matters	​	B-25
5.2 Late Payments	​	B-26
5.3 Warranties of Title to Real Property	​	B-26
5.4 Inducement	​	B-26
5.5 Post-Effective Time Conduct	​	B-26
5.6 Non-Solicitation Covenant	​	B-26
Article VI Exchange of Information; Confidentiality	​	B-26
6.1 Agreement for Exchange of Information	​	B-26
6.2 Ownership of Information	​	B-27
6.3 Record Retention	​	B-27
6.4 Limitations of Liability	​	B-27

B-i

​	Page
6.5 Other Agreements Providing for Exchange of Information	​	B-27
6.6 Production of Witnesses; Records; Cooperation	​	B-27
6.7 Privileged Matters	​	B-28
6.8 Confidentiality	​	B-30
6.9 Protective Arrangements	​	B-31
Article VII TAX MATTERS	​	B-31
7.1 Allocation of Tax Liabilities	​	B-31
7.3 Tax Refunds	​	B-31
7.4 Assistance and Cooperation	​	B-32
7.5 Tax Contests	​	B-32
7.6 Tax Treatment of Indemnity Payments	​	B-32
7.7 Indemnity Payment Escrow	​	B-33
Article VIII Termination	​	B-33
8.1 Termination	​	B-33
8.2 Effect of Termination	​	B-33
Article IX Miscellaneous	​	B-34
9.1 Counterparts; Entire Agreement; Corporate Power	​	B-34
9.2 Notices	​	B-34
9.3 Interpretation	​	B-35
9.4 Third-Party Beneficiaries	​	B-35
9.5 Governing Law	​	B-35
9.6 Severability	​	B-35
9.7 Assignment	​	B-35
9.8 No Set-Off	​	B-36
9.9 Specific Performance	​	B-36
9.10 Survival of Covenants	​	B-36
9.11 Waivers of Default	​	B-36
9.12 Amendments	​	B-36
9.13 Limitations of Liability	​	B-36
9.14 Performance	​	B-36
9.15 Responsibility for Expenses	​	B-37

Exhibit A	Transferred Assets and Liabilities
Exhibit B	Excluded Assets and Liabilities
Exhibit C	Management Agreement
Exhibit D	Distribution Steps Plan

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SEPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT

THIS SEPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT, dated as of [•] (this “Agreement”), is by and among iStar Inc., a Maryland corporation (together with its successors and assigns, “iStar”), and [SPINCO]1, a Maryland business trust (together with its successors and assigns, “SpinCo”).

RECITALS

WHEREAS, iStar entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated August 10, 2022 (as amended from time to time, the “Merger Agreement”), by and among iStar and Safehold Inc., a Maryland corporation (together with its successors and assigns, “SAFE”), pursuant to which SAFE will merge with and into iStar (the “Merger”), with iStar continuing as the surviving corporation and operating under the name “Safehold Inc.”;

WHEREAS, as a condition to the closing of the Merger, iStar has agreed to consummate a series of reorganization and separation transactions (the “Separation”) pursuant to which, among other things, the direct or indirect ownership interests in certain properties and other assets of iStar and its subsidiaries, as well as certain Liabilities of iStar and its subsidiaries, will be contributed to SpinCo;

WHEREAS, following the Separation, but prior to the effective time of the Merger, iStar will distribute to the stockholders of iStar all of the issued and outstanding SpinCo Common Stock (the “Distribution,” and together with the Separation, the “Separation Transactions”);

WHEREAS, the Parties have completed certain preliminary actions in connection with the Separation and the Distribution, including the formation of SpinCo as a wholly owned Subsidiary of iStar;

WHEREAS, SpinCo has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) a registration statement on Form 10, which includes an information statement, with respect to the shares of SpinCo Common Stock to be distributed by iStar in the Distribution, which was declared effective by the SEC on [•];

WHEREAS, contemporaneously with the execution of this Agreement, in furtherance of the foregoing, the board of directors of iStar (the “iStar Board”) has approved the Distribution of all of the issued and outstanding shares of SpinCo common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“SpinCo Common Stock”), at a ratio of one share of SpinCo Common Stock for one share of iStar common stock, par value $0.001 per share, subject to adjustment as provided in Section 3.4(a) (the “Distribution Ratio”) held as of the close of business on the Record Date, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions of the Distribution set forth in this Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Parties desire to enter into this Agreement to set forth each of the Separation Transactions to be effectuated by the Parties, and to set forth certain other agreements relating to the Separation Transactions and the relationship of iStar, SpinCo and their respective Affiliates following the Distribution.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the respective agreements, provisions and covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

“Accounting Principles” shall mean GAAP applied on a consistent basis.

1

Name of SpinCo to be jointly determined by Star and Safe prior to the Distribution Effective Time.

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“Action” shall mean any demand, action, claim, dispute, suit, countersuit, arbitration, subpoena, proceeding or investigation of any nature (whether criminal, civil, legislative, administrative, regulatory, prosecutorial or otherwise) by or before any federal, state, local, foreign or international Governmental Authority or any arbitration or mediation tribunal.

“Adjustment Request” means any formal or informal claim or request filed with any Tax Authority, or with any administrative agency or court, for the adjustment, refund, or credit of Taxes, including (i) any amended Tax Return claiming adjustment to the Taxes as reported on the Tax Return or, if applicable, as previously adjusted, (ii) any claim for equitable recoupment or other offset, and (iii) any claim for refund or credit of Taxes previously paid.

“Affiliate” shall mean, when used with respect to a specified Person, a Person that, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such specified Person. For the purpose of this definition, “control” ​(including with correlative meanings, “controlled by” and “under common control with”), when used with respect to any specified Person shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or other interests, by contract, agreement, obligation, indenture, instrument, lease, promise, arrangement, release, warranty, commitment, undertaking or otherwise. It is expressly agreed that, prior to, from and after the Distribution Effective Time, for purposes of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements, (a) no member of the SpinCo Group shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of any member of the iStar Group and (b) no member of the iStar Group shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of any member of the SpinCo Group.

“Agent” shall mean a distribution agent, transfer agent and registrar that is duly appointed by iStar to act in such capacities for the SpinCo Common Stock in connection with the Distribution.

“Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereof.

“Allowed Amount” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.7.

“Ancillary Agreement” shall mean all agreements (other than this Agreement) entered into by the Parties and/or members of their respective Groups (but as to which no Third Party is a party) in connection with the Separation Transactions or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the Management Agreement, the Governance Agreement, the Term Loan Facility, the Registration Rights Agreement and the Transfer Documents.

“Approvals or Notifications” shall mean any consents, waivers, approvals, Permits or authorizations to be obtained from, notices, registrations or reports to be submitted to, or other filings to be made with, any Third Party, including any Governmental Authority.

“Assets” shall mean, with respect to any Person, the assets, properties, claims and rights (including goodwill) of such Person, wherever located (including in the possession of vendors or other Third Parties or elsewhere), of every kind, character and description, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible, intangible or contingent, in each case whether or not recorded or reflected or required to be recorded or reflected on the books and records or financial statements of such Person, including: (i) rights and benefits pursuant to any contract, license, Permit, indenture, note, bond, mortgage, agreement, concession, franchise, instrument, undertaking, commitment, understanding or other arrangement; (ii) all interests in any capital stock or other equity interests of any Subsidiary or any other Person or all loans, advances or other extensions of credit or capital contribution to any Subsidiary or any other Person; (iii) all other investments in securities of any Person; (iv) all rights as a partner, joint venturer or participant; and (v) all deposits, letters of credit, performance bonds and other surety bonds.

“Assumed Liabilities” shall mean (without duplication) all of the Liabilities of iStar, SpinCo or any member of the SpinCo Group or iStar Group, other than the Excluded Liabilities, which Assumed Liabilities shall include:

(i)   except as otherwise expressly set forth in any Transaction Document, all Liabilities to the extent relating to, arising out of or resulting from any Transferred Assets or the operation or conduct

B-2

of the Transferred Business whether arising before, at or after the Distribution Effective Time, including any divested Assets or operations of the Transferred Business;

(ii)   all liabilities reflected in the most recent unaudited pro forma balance sheet of the SpinCo Group included in the Form 10;

(iii)   the obligations related to the SpinCo Group portion of any Shared Contract pursuant to Section 2.7;

(iv)   all Liabilities expressly provided by this Agreement or any other Transaction Document to be assumed or retained by SpinCo or any other member of the SpinCo Group (including indemnification obligations thereunder);

(v)   all Liabilities pursuant to the SpinCo Loan Agreements;

(vi)   all Liabilities of the iStar Group relating to any Disclosure Document (excluding any Liabilities to the extent relating to information supplied by the iStar Group regarding its role as the manager of the SpinCo Group or the Management Agreement, which for the avoidance of doubt shall be Excluded Liabilities); and

(vii)   those Liabilities set forth on Exhibit A.

“Business Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which banks in New York, New York are closed for business.

“Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Cutoff Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.1(a).

“Deed” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.3(a).

“Designated Exchange” means Nasdaq or NYSE (or any such exchange’s affiliated exchanges) or such other primary stock exchange on which the SpinCo Common Stock will be listed following the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; provided, that the Designated Exchange shall be NYSE, unless (a) in the case of Nasdaq (or one of its affiliated exchanges), (i) iStar reasonably determines, in good faith and after consultation with SAFE, that the Designated Exchange should be Nasdaq (or one of its affiliated exchanges) based on adverse developments in the listing process of NYSE following the date hereof and such change from NYSE to Nasdaq would not reasonably be expected to materially delay the closing of the transactions contemplated hereby and the Merger Agreement and would not adversely affect any of the covenants, agreements, rights or obligations of any Party to this Agreement or the Merger Agreement or (ii) such exchange is mutually agreed to in writing by SAFE and iStar prior to the Closing (such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed by Safe or iStar) or (b) in the case of any exchange other than Nasdaq or NYSE (or their affiliated exchanges), such exchange is mutually agreed to in writing by Safe and iStar prior to the Separation (such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed by SAFE or iStar).

“Disclosure Document” shall mean any registration statement (including the Form 10) filed with the SEC by or on behalf of any Party or any member of its Group, and also includes any information statement (including the Information Statement), prospectus, offering memorandum, offering circular, periodic report or similar disclosure document, whether or not filed with the SEC or any other Governmental Authority, in each case which describes the Separation, the Distribution or the SpinCo Group, or primarily relates to the transactions contemplated hereby.

“Distribution” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

“Distribution Date” shall mean the date on which the Distribution occurs.

“Distribution Steps Plan” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1.

“Distribution Effective Time” shall mean 12:01 p.m., Eastern time, on the Distribution Date.

B-3

“Environmental Law” shall mean any Law relating to (a) releases, discharges, emissions or disposals to air, water, land or groundwater of Hazardous Materials, (b) the use, handling or disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls, asbestos or urea formaldehyde or any other Hazardous Material, (c) the treatment, storage, disposal or management of Hazardous Materials, (d) exposure to Hazardous Materials or any other toxic, hazardous or other controlled, prohibited or regulated substances, (e) the transportation, release or any other use of Hazardous Materials, or (f) the pollution, protection or regulation of the environmental or natural resources.

“Environmental Liabilities” shall mean all Liabilities relating to, arising out of or resulting from any Hazardous Materials, Environmental Law or contract or agreement relating to environmental, health or safety matters (including all removal, remediation or cleanup costs, investigatory costs, response costs, natural resources damages, property damages, personal injury damages, costs of compliance with any product take-back requirements or with any settlement, judgment or other determination of Liability and indemnity, contribution or similar obligations) and all costs and expenses, interest, fines, penalties or other monetary sanctions in connection therewith.

“Escrowed Amount” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.7.

“Exchange Act” shall mean the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Excluded Assets” shall mean, other than the Transferred Assets, all of the Assets of the iStar Group (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall include the SAFE Group after the effective time of the Merger). Without limiting the foregoing, the Excluded Assets shall include each of the Assets set forth on Exhibit B.

“Excluded Business” shall mean the businesses, operations and activities of (i) the iStar Group conducted prior to the Distribution Effective Time that relate to the origination, acquisition, creation of, investment in, financing of, management of or fundraising for, fee and leasehold interests in ground leases, ground lease related assets and entities that own and hold such assets (including SAFE, any other member of the SAFE Group and iStar GL Venture REIT LLC; (ii) the SAFE Group, whether conducted before or after the Distribution Effective Time (including as part of the iStar Group after the effective time of the Merger); and (iii) the iStar Group conducted after the Distribution Effective Time.

“Excluded Liabilities” shall mean:

(i)   all Liabilities to the extent relating to, arising out of or resulting from:

(1)

the operation or conduct of the Excluded Business as conducted at any time prior to the Distribution Effective Time by the iStar Group (including any Liability to the extent relating to, arising out of or resulting from any act or failure to act by any director, officer, employee, agent or representative, which act or failure to act relates to the Excluded Business);

(2)

the operation or conduct of the Excluded Business or any other business conducted by the iStar Group at any time after the Distribution Effective Time (including any Liability relating to, arising out of or resulting from any act or failure to act by any director, officer, employee, agent or representative, which act or failure to act relates to the Excluded Business or such other business); or

(3)

the Excluded Assets;

(ii)   the obligations related to the iStar Group portion of any Shared Contract pursuant to Section 2.7;

(iii)   all Liabilities expressly provided by this Agreement or any other Transaction Document to be assumed or retained by iStar or any member of the iStar Group (including indemnification obligations thereunder);

B-4

(iv)   all Liabilities for payment of amounts due in respect of indebtedness and preferred stock of iStar; and

(v)   those Liabilities set forth on Exhibit B.

“Form 10” shall mean the registration statement on Form 10 filed by SpinCo with the SEC to effect the registration of SpinCo Common Stock pursuant to the Exchange Act in connection with the Distribution, as such registration statement may be amended or supplemented from time to time prior to the Distribution.

“Governance Agreement” shall mean the Governance Agreement entered into at the closing of the Merger between iStar and SpinCo.

“Governmental Authority” shall mean any nation or government, any state, municipality or other political subdivision thereof, and any entity, body, agency, commission, department, board, bureau, court, tribunal, industry self-regulatory organization or other instrumentality, whether federal, state, local, domestic, foreign or multinational, exercising executive, legislative, judicial, regulatory, administrative or other similar functions of, or pertaining to, government and any executive official thereof.

“Group” shall mean the SpinCo Group, the iStar Group and/or the SAFE Group, as the context requires.

“Hazardous Materials” shall mean each element, compound, chemical mixture, contaminant, pollutant, material, waste or other substance which is defined, regulated or identified under applicable Environmental Laws because of its hazardous, toxic, dangerous or deleterious properties.

“Indemnifying Party” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.4(a).

“Indemnitee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.4(a).

“Indemnity Payment” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.4(a).

“Information” shall mean information, whether or not patentable or copyrightable, in written, oral, electronic or other tangible or intangible forms, stored in any medium, including studies, reports, records, books, contracts, instruments, surveys, discoveries, ideas, concepts, know-how, techniques, designs, specifications, drawings, blueprints, diagrams, models, prototypes, samples, flow charts, data, computer data, disks, diskettes, tapes, computer programs or other software, marketing plans, customer names, communications by or to attorneys (including attorney-client privileged communications), memos and other materials prepared by attorneys or under their direction (including attorney work product), and other technical, financial, employee or business information or data.

“Information Statement” shall mean the information statement to be sent to the holders of iStar common stock in connection with the Distribution, as such information statement may be amended or supplemented from time to time prior to the Distribution.

“Insurance Proceeds” shall mean those monies (i) received by an insured from an insurance carrier; or (ii) paid by an insurance carrier on behalf of the insured; in any such case net of any applicable premium adjustments (including reserves and retrospectively rated premium adjustments) and net of any costs or expenses incurred in the collection thereof.

“Insurance Termination Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(c).

“Insured Party” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(c).

“Intellectual Property” shall mean all of the following anywhere in the world: (a) all inventions and designs (whether patentable or unpatentable and whether or not reduced to practice), patents and patent applications, and all continuations and continuations in part, divisions, reissues, reexaminations, renewals, and extensions thereof, (b) all copyrightable works, copyrights, mask works, and industrial designs, and all registrations and applications for registration thereof, (c) all trademarks, service marks, trade dress trade names, logos, domain names, social media accounts and handles, and other indicia of origin, and all registrations and applications for the registration thereof, and all goodwill of the business connected with the use thereof and symbolized thereby, (d) all trade secrets, and other intellectual property and proprietary

B-5

rights in know-how, technology, technical data, confidential business information, manufacturing and production processes and techniques, research and development information, financial, marketing and business data, pricing and cost information, business and marketing plans, advertising and promotional materials, customer, distributor, reseller and supplier lists and information, correspondence, records, and other documentation, and all other proprietary information of every kind (collectively, “Know-How”), (e) all software (including source and object code), firmware, development tools, algorithms, files, records, technical drawings and related documentation, data and manuals, (f) all databases and data collections, (g) all other intellectual property rights, and (h) all copies and tangible embodiments of any of the foregoing (in whatever form or medium).

“iStar” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereof.

“iStar Accounts” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.8(a).

“iStar Board” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

“iStar Group” shall mean iStar and each Person that is a Subsidiary of iStar, including, after the effective time of the Merger, SAFE and each Person that is a Subsidiary of SAFE (in each case, other than SpinCo and any other member of the SpinCo Group).

“iStar Indemnitees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.2.

“iStar Statement” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.10(a).

“Joint Proxy Statement / Prospectus” shall mean the joint proxy statement / prospectus of iStar and SAFE filed on Form S-4 with the SEC, which was declared effective by the SEC on [•].

“Law” shall mean any national, supranational, federal, state, provincial, local or similar law (including common law), statute, code, order, ordinance, rule, regulation, treaty, license, Permit, authorization, approval, consent, decree, injunction, binding judicial or administrative interpretation or other requirement, in each case, enacted, promulgated, issued or entered by a Governmental Authority.

“Liabilities” shall mean all debts, guarantees, assurances, commitments, liabilities, responsibilities, Losses, remediation, deficiencies, damages, fines, penalties, settlements, sanctions, costs, expenses, interest and obligations of any nature or kind, whether accrued or fixed, absolute or contingent, matured or unmatured, accrued or not accrued, asserted or unasserted, liquidated or unliquidated, foreseen or unforeseen, known or unknown, reserved or unreserved, or determined or determinable, including those arising under any Law, claim (including any Third-Party Claim), demand, Action, or order, writ, judgment, injunction, decree, stipulation, determination or award entered by or with any Governmental Authority or arbitration tribunal, and those arising under any contract, agreement, obligation, indenture, instrument, lease, promise, arrangement, release, warranty, commitment or undertaking, or any fines, damages or equitable relief that is imposed, in each case, including all costs and expenses relating thereto.

“Linked” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.8(a).

“Loss Party” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(d).

“Losses” shall mean actual losses (including any diminution in value), costs, damages, Taxes, penalties and expenses (including legal and accounting fees, and expenses and costs of investigation and litigation), whether or not involving a Third-Party Claim.

“Management Agreement” shall mean the management agreement to be entered into by and between iStar and SpinCo or the members of their respective Groups in connection with the Separation, the Distribution or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C.

“Margin Loan” shall mean the $140.0 million margin loan to be entered into by SpinCo on the date of the Separation and secured by the SAFE Shares.

“Merger” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

B-6

“Merger Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

“Parties” shall mean the parties to this Agreement.

“Payor” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.2(c).

“Permit” shall mean a permit, approval, authorization, consent, license or certificate of any kind issued by any Governmental Authority.

“Person” shall mean an individual, a general or limited partnership, a corporation, a trust, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization, a limited liability entity, any other entity and any Governmental Authority.

“Policy” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.3(b).

“Positive Tax Opinion or Ruling” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.7.

“Privileged Information” shall mean any information, in written, oral, electronic, or other tangible or intangible forms, including any communications by or to attorneys (including attorney-client privileged communications), memoranda and other materials prepared by attorneys or under their direction (including attorney work product), as to which a Party or any member of its Group would be entitled to assert or have asserted a privilege, including the attorney-client and attorney work product privileges.

“Qualifying Income” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.7.

“Real Property” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.3(a).

“Record Date” shall mean the close of business on the date to be determined by the iStar Board as the record date for determining holders of iStar capital stock entitled to receive shares of SpinCo Common Stock pursuant to the Distribution.

“Record Holders” shall mean the holders of record of iStar capital stock as of the Record Date.

“Registration Rights Agreement” shall mean the Registration Rights Agreement entered into at the closing of the Merger between iStar and SpinCo.

“REIT” shall mean “a real estate investment trust” within the meaning of Section 856 of the Code.

“Required Party” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.2(c).

“Representatives” shall mean, with respect to any Person, any of such Person’s directors, officers, employees, agents, consultants, advisors, accountants, attorneys or other representatives.

“SAFE” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereof.

“SAFE Group” shall mean SAFE and each Person that is a Subsidiary of SAFE, including, after the effective time of the Merger, SAFE and each Person that is a Subsidiary of SAFE.

“SAFE Shares” shall mean the number of shares of common stock of SAFE equal to the SpinCo Share Contribution transferred to the SpinCo Group in the Separation Transactions.

“SEC” shall mean the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Security Interest” shall mean any mortgage, security interest, pledge, lien, charge, claim, option, right to acquire, voting or other restriction, right-of-way, covenant, condition, easement, encroachment, restriction on transfer, or other encumbrance of any nature whatsoever.

“Separation” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

“Separation Transactions” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

“Shared Contract” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.7(a).

“SpinCo” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereof.

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“SpinCo Account” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.8(a).

“SpinCo Common Stock” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

“SpinCo Group” shall mean (a) prior to the Distribution Effective Time, SpinCo and each Person that will be a Subsidiary of SpinCo as of or immediately after the Distribution Effective Time, including the Transferred Entities, even if, prior to the Distribution Effective Time, such Person is not a Subsidiary of SpinCo; and (b) from and after the Distribution Effective Time, SpinCo and each Person that is a Subsidiary of SpinCo or that was a Subsidiary of iStar prior to the Distribution Effective Time and is not a Subsidiary of the iStar Group after the Distribution Effective Time.

“SpinCo Indemnitees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.3.

“SpinCo Loan Agreements” shall mean, collectively, the Margin Loan and the Term Loan Facility, each entered into by SpinCo in connection with the Distribution.

“SpinCo Share Contribution” shall mean a number of shares of common stock of SAFE having a value of $400 million as determined in accordance with the terms of the Margin Loan.

“Spin-Off Distribution” shall mean the $140.0 million distribution to be made by SpinCo to iStar immediately prior to the Separation (using the proceeds of the Margin Loan) in consideration of the Transferred Assets.

“Subsidiary” shall mean, with respect to any Person, any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, REIT, or other organization, whether incorporated or unincorporated, or other legal entity of which such Person (i) beneficially owns, either directly or indirectly, more than fifty percent (50%) of (a) the total combined voting power of all classes of voting securities of such entity; (b) the total combined equity interests of such entity, or (c) the capital or profit interests, in the case of a partnership, or (ii) otherwise has the power to vote, either directly or indirectly, sufficient securities to elect a majority of the board of directors or similar governing body of such entity.

“Tangible Information” shall mean information that is contained in written, electronic or other tangible forms.

“Tax” or “Taxes” shall mean any income, gross income, gross receipts, profits, capital stock, franchise, withholding, payroll, social security, workers compensation, unemployment, disability, property, ad valorem, value added, stamp, excise, severance, occupation, service, sales, use, license, lease, transfer, import, export, escheat, alternative minimum, universal service fund, estimated or other tax (including any fee, assessment, or other charge in the nature of or in lieu of any tax), imposed by any Governmental Authority or political subdivision thereof, and any interest, penalty, additions to tax or additional amounts in respect of the foregoing.

“Tax Advisor” shall mean a Tax counsel or accountant, in each case of recognized national standing.

“Tax Authority” shall mean, with respect to any Tax, the Governmental Authority or political subdivision thereof that imposes such Tax, and the agency (if any) charged with the collection of such Tax for such entity or subdivision.

“Tax Benefit” shall mean any refund, credit, or other item that causes reduction in otherwise required liability for Taxes.

“Tax Contest” shall mean an audit, review, examination, contest, litigation, investigation or any other administrative or judicial proceeding with the purpose or effect of redetermining Taxes (including any administrative or judicial review of any claim for refund).

“Tax Law” shall mean the Law of any Governmental Authority or political subdivision thereof relating to any Tax.

“Tax Period” shall mean, with respect to any Tax, the period for which the Tax is reported as provided under the Code or other applicable Tax Law.

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“Tax Return” shall mean any report of Taxes due, any claim for refund of Taxes paid, any information return with respect to Taxes, or any other similar report, statement, declaration, or document filed or required to be filed under the Code or other Tax Law with respect to Taxes, including any attachments, exhibits, or other materials submitted with any of the foregoing, and including any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing.

“Term Loan Facility” shall mean the Term Loan Facility entered into between a member of the iStar Group and SpinCo prior to the date hereof in an initial aggregate principal amount of $100.0 million (as amended and restated in connection with the closing of the Merger).

“Third Party” shall mean any Person other than the Parties or any members of their respective Groups.

“Third-Party Claim” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.5(a).

“Transaction Documents” shall mean this Agreement, the Ancillary Agreements, the SpinCo Loan Agreements and the Merger Agreement.

“Transfer” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a).

“Transferee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.3(a).

“Transferor” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.3(a).

“Transfer Documents” shall mean any documents relating to the transfer of Assets and/or Liabilities in connection with the Separation Transactions, including such deeds, bills of sale, asset transfer agreements, business transfer agreements, demerger plans, deeds or agreements, endorsements, assignments, assumptions (including liability assumption agreements), leases, subleases, affidavits and other instruments of sale, conveyance, contribution, distribution, lease, transfer and assignment between the Parties or members of their respective Groups, as applicable, as may be necessary or advisable under the Laws of the relevant jurisdictions to effect the Separation Transactions.

“Transfer Taxes” shall mean all sales, use, transfer, real property transfer, intangible, recordation, registration, documentary, stamp or similar Taxes imposed in connection with the Separation Transactions (excluding in each case, for the avoidance of doubt, any Income Taxes).

“Transferred Assets” shall mean (i) all of the equity interests in each of the Subsidiaries comprising the SpinCo Group (other than SpinCo) and each of the other Assets identified as Transferred Assets on Exhibit A, taking into account the effect to the Separation Transactions, (ii) any other Assets mutually agreed by iStar and SAFE and reflected on the most recent unaudited pro forma balance sheet of the SpinCo Group included in the Form 10 and (iii) the Cash Contribution and other cash payable to SpinCo, if any, pursuant to Section 2.10; provided, however, that in the cases of clauses (i) and (ii), Transferred Assets shall not include any such Assets that are disposed of or that are repaid prior to the Distribution Effective Time, but shall include the Additional Cash Proceeds (as such term is defined in the Merger Agreement) remaining after iStar has satisfied its obligations under Section 6.12 of the Merger Agreement.

“Transferred Business” shall mean the businesses, operations, activities, Assets and Liabilities of iStar and its Subsidiaries prior to the Separation Transactions other than the Excluded Business.

“Transferred Entities” shall have the meaning set forth on Exhibit A.

ARTICLE II

THE SEPARATION

2.1   Separation Transactions.   Promptly following the execution of this Agreement, the Parties shall engage in and effectuate the Separation Transactions in accordance with this Agreement, including the Distribution Steps Plan attached hereto as Exhibit D (the “Distribution Steps Plan”). The Parties acknowledge that the Separation Transactions are intended to result in the iStar Group retaining the Excluded Assets and the Excluded Liabilities and the SpinCo Group owning the Transferred Assets and assuming the Assumed Liabilities. For the avoidance of doubt, to the extent a specific aspect of the Separation Transactions is

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expressly depicted by the Distribution Steps Plan, the Distribution Steps Plan shall take precedence in the event of any conflict between the terms of this Article II and the Distribution Steps Plan, and any transfers of assets or liabilities made pursuant to this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement after the Distribution Effective Time shall be deemed to have been made prior to the Distribution Effective Time consistent with the Distribution Steps Plan. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement:

(a)   Transferred Assets.   iStar shall, and shall cause the members of the iStar Group to, contribute, convey, transfer, assign and/or deliver (“Transfer”) to SpinCo or the applicable SpinCo Group member, and SpinCo or the applicable SpinCo Group member shall acquire and accept from iStar or its applicable member of the iStar Group, all of the respective right, title and interest of iStar or its applicable member of the iStar Group in and to the Transferred Assets. The Parties acknowledge and agree that any Transferred Asset held by any Transferred Entity shall be Transferred for all purposes hereunder as a result of the Transfer of the equity interests in such Transferred Entity. For the avoidance of doubt, the Transferred Assets do not include any Excluded Assets, and iStar or the applicable member of the iStar Group shall retain all right, title and interest in and to any and all Excluded Assets.

(b)   Assumed Liabilities.   SpinCo shall, and shall cause the applicable SpinCo Group member to, assume and agree to perform and fulfill when due and, to the extent applicable, comply with, any and all of the Assumed Liabilities in accordance with their respective terms. The Parties acknowledge and agree that any Assumed Liability of any Transferred Entity shall be assumed for all purposes hereunder as a result of the Transfer of the equity interests in such Transferred Entity. For the avoidance of doubt, the Assumed Liabilities do not include any Excluded Liabilities, and no SpinCo Group member is assuming or agreeing to perform and fulfill when due or comply with any Excluded Liabilities.

2.2   Transfer Documents.   Following the execution of this Agreement and prior to the Distribution Effective Time, the Parties shall, and shall cause the applicable members of their respective Groups to, execute and deliver all Transfer Documents that are necessary or desirable to effect the Separation. The Parties agree that each Transfer Document shall be in a form consistent with the terms and conditions of this Agreement or the applicable Ancillary Agreement(s) with such provisions as are required by applicable Law in the jurisdiction in which the relevant Assets or Liabilities are located.

2.3   Waiver of Bulk-Sale and Bulk-Transfer Laws.   Each Party hereby waives compliance by each other Party and its respective Group members with the requirements and provisions of any “bulk-sale” or “bulk-transfer” Laws of any jurisdiction that may otherwise be applicable with respect to any of the Separation Transactions.

2.4   Approvals and Notifications.

(a)   To the extent that the Transfer of any Asset or assumption of any Liability contemplated by Section 2.1 requires any Approvals or Notifications, from and after the date hereof, the Parties shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to obtain or make such Approvals or Notifications as soon as reasonably practicable. SpinCo shall reimburse and make whole any member of the iStar Group that makes such payment, incurs such Liability or grants any accommodation to any Third Party to obtain any such Approvals or Notifications, to such Party’s reasonable satisfaction.

(b)   If and to the extent that the valid and complete Transfer of any Asset or the valid and complete assumption of any Liability contemplated by Section 2.1 would be a violation of applicable Law or require any Approvals or Notifications that have not been obtained or made prior to the Distribution Effective Time, then, unless the Parties mutually shall otherwise determine, the Transfer of such Asset, or assumption of such Liability, as the case may be, shall be automatically deemed deferred and any such purported Transfer or assumption shall be null and void until such time as all legal impediments are removed or such Approvals or Notifications have been obtained or made. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Asset that constitutes an Excluded Asset or Transferred Asset shall continue to constitute an Excluded Asset or Transferred Asset, and any Liability that constitutes an Excluded Liability or Assumed Liability shall continue to constitute an Excluded Liability or Assumed Liability for all other purposes of this Agreement and be subject to Section 2.4(c). In respect of the deferral of any such Liabilities, the applicable Group member to whom such Liability shall Transfer shall,

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to the extent not prohibited by Law, (i) indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Group of each other Party and pay, perform and discharge fully all of its obligations or other Liabilities that constitute a deferred Liability from and after the Distribution Effective Time, and (ii) use its commercially reasonable efforts to effect such payment, performance or discharge prior to any demand for such payment, performance or discharge is permitted to be made by the obligee thereunder on any member of the applicable Group. If and when the legal or contractual impediments the presence of which caused the deferral of Transfer or assumption of any Asset or Liability pursuant to this Section 2.4(b) are removed or any Approvals or Notifications the absence of which caused the deferral of Transfer or assumption of any Asset or Liability pursuant to this Section 2.4(b) are obtained or made, the Transfer or assumption of the applicable Asset or Liability shall be effected promptly without further consideration in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and shall, to the extent possible without the imposition of any undue cost on any Party, be deemed to have become effective as of the Distribution Effective Time.

(c)   If the Transfer or assumption of any Asset or Liability intended to be Transferred or assumed pursuant to Section 2.1 is not consummated prior to or at the Distribution Effective Time as a result of the provisions of Section 2.4(b) or for any other reason (including any misallocated transfers subject to Section 3.2), then, insofar as reasonably possible and to the extent permitted by applicable Law, the Person retaining such Asset or Liability, as the case may be, (i) shall thereafter hold such Asset or Liability, as the case may be, in trust for the use and benefit and burden of the Person entitled thereto (and at such Person’s sole expense) until the consummation of the Transfer or assumption thereof (or as otherwise determined by the Parties); and (ii) with respect to any deferred Assets or Liabilities, use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and implement mutually acceptable arrangements to place the Person entitled to receive such Asset or Liability in substantially the same economic position as if such Asset or Liability had been Transferred or assumed as contemplated by Section 2.1 and so that all the benefits and burdens relating to such Asset or Liability, including possession, use, risk of loss, potential for gain, dominion, ability to enforce the rights under or with respect to and control and command over such Asset or Liability, are to inure from and after the Distribution Effective Time to the applicable member or members of the Group entitled to the receipt of such Asset or required to assume such Liability and as a result, to the extent reasonably practicable, no decisions shall be made with respect thereto without consent of the party entitled to receive such asset. Subject to Section 2.4(a), any Person retaining an Asset or a Liability due to the deferral of the Transfer or assumption of such Asset or Liability, as the case may be, shall not be required, in connection with the foregoing, to make any payments, incur any Liability or offer or grant any accommodation to any Third Party, except to the extent that the Person entitled to the Asset or responsible for the Liability, as applicable, agrees to reimburse and make whole the Person retaining an Asset or a Liability, to such Person’s reasonable satisfaction, for any payment or other accommodation made by the Person retaining an Asset or a Liability at the request of the Person entitled to the Asset or responsible for the Liability.

2.5   Release of Guarantees.   In furtherance of, and not in limitation of, the obligations set forth in Section 2.4:

(a)   Each of iStar and SpinCo shall, at the request of the other Party and with the reasonable cooperation of such other Party and the applicable member(s) of such Party’s Group, use commercially reasonable efforts to, as soon as reasonably practicable following the applicable Separation Transactions, (i) have any member(s) of the iStar Group removed as guarantor of, indemnitor of or obligor for any Assumed Liability, including the termination and release of any Security Interest on or in any Excluded Asset that may serve as collateral or security for any such Assumed Liability; and (ii) have any member(s) of the SpinCo Group removed as guarantor of, indemnitor of or obligor for any Excluded Liability, including the termination and release of any Security Interest on or in any Transferred Asset that may serve as collateral or security for any such Excluded Liability.

(b)   If and to the extent required:

(i)   to obtain a release of any member of the iStar Group from a guarantee or indemnity for any Assumed Liability, SpinCo or one or more members of the SpinCo Group shall execute a guarantee or indemnity agreement in substantially the form of the existing guarantee or indemnity or such other form as is reasonably agreed to by the relevant parties to such guarantee or indemnity

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agreement, which agreement shall include the termination and release of any Security Interest on or in any Excluded Asset that may serve as collateral or security for any such Assumed Liability; provided, that, no such new guarantee or indemnity shall be required to the extent that the corresponding existing guarantee or indemnity contains representations, covenants or other terms or provisions either (i) with which SpinCo or the SpinCo Group would be reasonably unable to comply or (ii) which SpinCo or the SpinCo Group would not reasonably be able to avoid breaching;

(ii)   to obtain a release of any member of the SpinCo Group from a guarantee or indemnity for any Excluded Liability, iStar or one or more members of the iStar Group shall execute a guarantee or indemnity agreement in substantially the form of the existing guarantee or indemnity or such other form as is reasonably agreed to by the relevant parties to such guarantee or indemnity agreement, which agreement shall include the termination and release of any Security Interest on or in any Transferred Asset that may serve as collateral or security for any such Excluded Liability; provided, that, no such new guarantee or indemnity shall be required to the extent that the corresponding existing guarantee or indemnity contains representations, covenants or other terms or provisions either (i) with which iStar or the iStar Group would be reasonably unable to comply or (ii) which iStar or the iStar Group would not reasonably be able to avoid breaching.

(c)   Until such time as iStar or SpinCo has obtained, or has caused to be obtained, any removal or release as set forth in clauses (a) and (b) of this Section 2.5, (i) the Party or the relevant member of its Group that has assumed the Liability related to such guarantee shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the guarantor or obligor against or from any Liability (in respect of a mortgage or otherwise) arising from or relating thereto in accordance with the provisions of Article IV and shall, as agent or subcontractor for such guarantor, indemnitor or obligor, pay, perform and discharge fully all the obligations or other Liabilities (in respect of mortgages or otherwise) of such guarantor, indemnitor or obligor thereunder; and (ii) each of iStar and SpinCo, on behalf of itself and the other members of their respective Group, agree not to renew or extend the term of, increase any obligations under, decrease any rights under or transfer to a Third Party, any loan, guarantee, lease, contract or other obligation for which the other Party or a member of its Group is or may be liable unless all obligations of such other Party and the members of such other Party’s Group with respect thereto have theretofore terminated by documentation satisfactory in form and substance to such other Party.

2.6   Termination of Agreements, Settlement of Accounts between iStar and SpinCo.

(a)   Except as set forth in Section 2.6(b), in furtherance of the releases and other provisions of Section 4.1, SpinCo and each member of the SpinCo Group, on the one hand, and iStar and each member of the iStar Group, on the other hand, hereby terminate all contracts and agreements between such Groups, effective as of the Distribution Effective Time. No such terminated agreement, arrangement, commitment or understanding (including any provision thereof which purports to survive termination) shall be of any further force or effect after the Distribution Effective Time. Each Party shall, at the reasonable request of the other Party, take, or cause to be taken, such other actions as may be necessary to effect the foregoing.

(b)   The provisions of Section 2.6(a) shall not apply to any of the following agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings: (i) the Transaction Documents and any other agreement entered into in connection with the Transaction Documents (and each other agreement or instrument contemplated by, or that would be in furtherance of consummating the transactions contemplated by, the Transaction Documents), or any other agreement to be entered into by any of the Parties or any of the members of their respective Groups or to be continued from and after the Distribution Effective Time); (ii) any agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings to which any Third Party is a party thereto; (iii) any intercompany accounts payable or accounts receivable accrued as of the Distribution Effective Time that are reflected in the books and records of the Parties or otherwise documented in writing in accordance with past practices, which shall be settled in the manner contemplated by Section 2.6(c); (iv) any agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings to which any non-wholly owned Subsidiary of iStar or SpinCo, as the case may be, is a party (it being understood that directors’ qualifying shares or similar interests will be disregarded for purposes of determining whether a Subsidiary is wholly owned); and (v) any Shared Contracts.

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(c)   Except as provided for in Section 2.10, all of the intercompany accounts receivable and accounts payable between any member of the iStar Group, on the one hand, and any member of the SpinCo Group, on the other hand, outstanding as of the Distribution Effective Time shall, as promptly as practicable after the Distribution Effective Time, but in any event, no later than the last day of the quarter in which the Distribution Effective Time occurs, be repaid, settled or otherwise eliminated by means of cash payments or otherwise as determined by the Parties acting in good faith.

2.7   Treatment of Shared Contracts.

(a)   Subject to applicable Law and without limiting the generality of the obligations set forth in Section 2.1, unless the Parties otherwise agree, the portion of any contract, agreement, arrangement, commitment or understanding to which any member of the iStar Group is a party or by which any of their respective Assets is bound, in each case, as of immediately prior to the Distribution Effective Time, that is related to the Transferred Business (any such contract, agreement, arrangement, commitment or understanding, a “Shared Contract”), shall be assigned, at or prior to the Distribution Effective Time, in relevant part to the applicable member(s) of the SpinCo Group, or appropriately amended prior to, at or after the Distribution Effective Time, so that the applicable member(s) of the SpinCo Group shall, as of the Distribution Effective Time, be entitled to the rights and benefits, and shall assume the related portion of any Liabilities, inuring to the Transferred Business to the same extent received and borne as of immediately prior to the Distribution Effective Time with respect to such Shared Contract; provided, however, that (i) in no event shall any member of any iStar Group be required to assign (or amend) any portion of any Shared Contract which is not so assignable (or cannot be so amended) by its terms (including any terms imposing consents or conditions on an assignment where such consents or conditions have not been obtained or fulfilled) and (ii) if any Shared Contract cannot be so partially assigned by its terms or otherwise, or cannot be amended or if such assignment or amendment would impair the benefit the parties thereto derive from such Shared Contract, then the Parties shall, and shall cause each of the members of their respective Groups to, take such other reasonable and permissible actions (including by providing prompt notice to the other Party with respect to any relevant claim of Liability or other relevant matters arising in connection with a Shared Contract so as to allow such other Party the ability to exercise any applicable rights under such Shared Contract) to cause a member of the SpinCo Group to receive the rights and benefits of that portion of each Shared Contract that relates to the Transferred Business, as the case may be (in each case, to the extent so related), as if such Shared Contract had been assigned to (or amended to allow) a member of the SpinCo Group pursuant to this Section 2.7(a), and to bear the burden of the corresponding Liabilities (including any Liabilities that may arise by reason of such arrangement), as if such Liabilities had been assumed by a member of the SpinCo Group pursuant to this Section 2.7. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no member of the iStar Group shall be required by this Section 2.7 to maintain in effect any Shared Contract, and no member of the SpinCo Group shall have any approval or other rights with respect to any amendment, termination or other modification of any Shared Contract.

2.8   Bank Accounts.

(a)   Each Party agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to take, or cause the members of its Group to take, at the Distribution Effective Time (or such earlier time as the Parties may agree), all actions necessary to amend or substitute all contracts or agreements governing each bank and brokerage account owned by SpinCo (including any iStar bank or brokerage account that is part of the Transferred Business) or any other member of the SpinCo Group (collectively, the “SpinCo Accounts”) and all contracts or agreements governing each bank or brokerage account owned by iStar (including any iStar bank or brokerage account that is not part of the Transferred Business) or any other member of the iStar Group (collectively, the “iStar Accounts”) so that each such SpinCo Account and iStar Account, if currently linked (whether by automatic withdrawal, automatic deposit or any other authorization to transfer funds from or to, hereinafter “Linked”) to any iStar Account or SpinCo Account, respectively, is de-Linked from such iStar Account or SpinCo Account, respectively.

(b)   With respect to any outstanding checks issued or payments initiated by iStar, SpinCo, or any of the members of their respective Groups prior to the Distribution Effective Time, such outstanding checks and payments shall be honored following the Distribution Effective Time by the Person or Group owning the account on which the check is drawn or from which the payment was initiated, respectively.

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2.9   Cash Contribution.   At or prior to the Distribution Effective Time, iStar shall have made a cash contribution of $50.0 million to SpinCo (the “Cash Contribution”).

2.10   Prorations.

(a)   Within 30 Business Days following the Distribution Effective Time, iStar shall prepare and deliver to SpinCo a statement, with reasonably detailed supporting calculations, setting forth its good faith calculation of proration amounts for customary items between the iStar Group and the SpinCo Group (the “iStar Statement”). Within fifteen (15) Business Days following the date on which iStar shall have delivered the iStar Statement, the relevant party shall pay, or cause to be paid, to the other Party or its designee the amount due as shown on the statement. The Parties will work together in good faith to resolve any questions or disagreements regarding the calculation of the proration payments due.

2.11   Disclaimer of Representations and Warranties.   EACH OF ISTAR (ON BEHALF OF ITSELF AND EACH MEMBER OF THE ISTAR GROUP) AND SPINCO (ON BEHALF OF ITSELF AND EACH MEMBER OF THE SPINCO GROUP) UNDERSTANDS AND AGREES THAT, EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH HEREIN OR IN ANY ANCILLARY AGREEMENT, NO PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT, ANY ANCILLARY AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER AGREEMENT OR DOCUMENT CONTEMPLATED BY THIS AGREEMENT, ANY ANCILLARY AGREEMENT OR OTHERWISE, IS REPRESENTING OR WARRANTING IN ANY WAY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE ASSETS, BUSINESSES OR LIABILITIES TRANSFERRED OR ASSUMED AS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY, AS TO ANY CONSENTS OR APPROVALS REQUIRED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, AS TO THE VALUE OR FREEDOM FROM ANY SECURITY INTERESTS OF, AS TO THE PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT PHYSICAL CONDITION OF ANY ASSETS, RIGHTS OR PROPERTIES COMPRISING ANY PART OF ANY TRANSFERRED ASSET OR EXCLUDED ASSET OR WHICH IS THE SUBJECT OF ANY LEASE, SUBLEASE, LOAN AGREEMENT, PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT OR OTHER CONTRACT TO BE ASSUMED AT THE DISTRIBUTION EFFECTIVE TIME, THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION OR OTHER MATTER RELATING TO THE PHYSICAL CONDITION OF ANY REAL PROPERTY OR IMPROVEMENTS WHICH ARE PART OF ANY TRANSFERRED ASSET OR THE SUBJECT OF ANY REAL PROPERTY LEASE, SUBLEASE OR PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT TO BE ASSUMED AT THE DISTRIBUTION EFFECTIVE TIME, THE ZONING OF ANY SUCH REAL PROPERTY OR IMPROVEMENTS, OR ANY OTHER MATTER CONCERNING, ANY ASSETS OF SUCH PARTY, OR AS TO THE ABSENCE OF ANY DEFENSES OR RIGHT OF SET-OFF OR FREEDOM FROM COUNTERCLAIM WITH RESPECT TO ANY CLAIM OR OTHER ASSET, INCLUDING ANY ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, OF ANY PARTY, OR AS TO THE LEGAL SUFFICIENCY OF ANY ASSIGNMENT, DOCUMENT OR INSTRUMENT DELIVERED HEREUNDER TO CONVEY TITLE TO ANY ASSET OR THING OF VALUE UPON THE EXECUTION, DELIVERY AND FILING HEREOF OR THEREOF. WITHOUT IN ANY WAY LIMITING THE FOREGOING, EXCEPT AS MAY EXPRESSLY BE SET FORTH HEREIN OR IN ANY ANCILLARY AGREEMENT, EACH OF ISTAR (ON BEHALF OF ITSELF AND EACH MEMBER OF THE ISTAR GROUP) AND SPINCO (ON BEHALF OF ITSELF AND EACH MEMBER OF THE SPINCO GROUP) HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE AS TO ANY PORTION OF ANY ASSETS TRANSFERRED HEREUNDER. EACH PARTY FURTHER ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT IT HAS CONDUCTED, OR HAS HAD AN OPPORTUNITY TO CONDUCT, AN INDEPENDENT INSPECTION AND INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYSICAL CONDITION OF THE ASSETS TRANSFERRED HEREUNDER AND ALL SUCH OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO OR AFFECTING THE ASSETS TRANSFERRED HEREUNDER AS SUCH PARTY HAS DEEMED NECESSARY OR APPROPRIATE, EXCEPT AS MAY EXPRESSLY BE SET FORTH HEREIN OR IN ANY ANCILLARY AGREEMENT. EXCEPT AS MAY EXPRESSLY BE SET FORTH HEREIN OR IN ANY ANCILLARY AGREEMENT, ALL SUCH ASSETS ARE BEING TRANSFERRED ON AN “AS IS, WHERE IS” BASIS (AND, IN THE CASE OF ANY REAL PROPERTY, BY MEANS OF A QUITCLAIM OR SIMILAR FORM OF DEED OR CONVEYANCE) AND THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFEREES SHALL BEAR THE ECONOMIC AND LEGAL RISKS THAT (A) ANY CONVEYANCE WILL PROVE TO BE INSUFFICIENT TO VEST IN THE

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TRANSFEREE GOOD AND MARKETABLE TITLE, FREE AND CLEAR OF ANY SECURITY INTEREST, AND (B) ANY NECESSARY APPROVALS OR NOTIFICATIONS ARE NOT OBTAINED OR MADE OR THAT ANY REQUIREMENTS OF LAWS OR JUDGMENTS ARE NOT COMPLIED WITH.

ARTICLE III

ADDITIONAL COVENANTS; CONDITIONS

3.1   Commercially Reasonable Efforts.   Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, in addition to the actions specifically provided for elsewhere in this Agreement, and subject to Section 2.4, each of the Parties agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts, prior to, at and after the Distribution Effective Time, to take or cause to be taken, all actions, and to do, or cause to be done, and to assist and cooperate with the other Parties in doing, all things necessary to consummate and make effective the Separation Transactions and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements, including using commercially reasonable efforts to (a) cause the conditions precedent set forth in Section 3.3 to be satisfied; (b) obtain all necessary actions, waivers, consents, approvals, waiting period expirations or terminations, orders and authorizations from Governmental Authorities and the making of all necessary registrations, declarations and filings (including registrations, declarations and filings with Governmental Authority, if any); (c) obtain all third party consents required to be obtained in order to effectuate the Separation Transactions (subject to Article II above); and (d) execute and/or deliver such other instruments as may be reasonably necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by, and to fully carry out the purposes of, this Agreement. To the extent any Liability to any Governmental Authority or any Third Party arises out of any such action or inaction described in clauses (a) through (d), the transferee of the applicable Asset hereby assumes and agrees to pay any such Liability subject to Section 2.4.

3.2   Cooperation; Misallocations.

(a)   Without limiting the foregoing, each Party shall, and shall cause each of its respective Group members to, cooperate with the other Party, subject to Section 2.4, to execute and deliver, or use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause to be executed and delivered, all Transfer Documents and to make all filings with and provide all required Approvals or Notifications to, and to obtain all required Approvals or Notifications from, any Governmental Authority or any other Person under any permit, license, agreement, indenture or other instrument, and to take all such other actions as such Party may reasonably be requested to take by the other Party from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements, in order to effectuate the provisions and purposes of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements and the transfers of the Transferred Assets and the Excluded Assets and the assignment and assumption of the Assumed Liabilities and the Excluded Liabilities and the other transactions contemplated hereby and thereby.

(b)   To the extent that, from time to time after the Distribution Effective Time, any Asset (including the receipt of payments made pursuant to contracts and proceeds from accounts receivable) retained by SpinCo or the SpinCo Group is ultimately determined to be an Excluded Asset, or SpinCo or the SpinCo Group is found to be subject to an Excluded Liability or otherwise identifies, receives or otherwise comes to possess an Asset (including the receipt of payments made pursuant to contracts and proceeds from accounts receivable) or Liability that is allocated under this Agreement to the iStar Group but is received by or otherwise in the possession of SpinCo or the SpinCo Group, SpinCo will or will cause the applicable SpinCo Group member to Transfer (for no additional consideration) such Asset or Liability to the Person to which such Asset or Liability has been allocated under this Agreement or is otherwise determined to be an Excluded Asset or Excluded Liability, and such Person shall accept such Asset or Liability. Conversely, to the extent that, from time to time after the Distribution Effective Time, any Asset (including the receipt of payments made pursuant to contracts and proceeds from accounts receivable) retained by iStar or the iStar Group is ultimately determined to be a Transferred Asset, or iStar or the iStar Group is found to be subject to an Assumed Liability or otherwise identifies, receives or otherwise comes to possess an Asset (including the receipt of payments made pursuant to contracts and proceeds from accounts receivable) or Liability that is allocated under this Agreement to the SpinCo Group but is received by or otherwise in the possession of iStar or the

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iStar Group, iStar will or will cause the applicable iStar Group member to Transfer (for no additional consideration) such Asset or Liability to the Person to which such Asset or Liability has been allocated under this Agreement or is otherwise determined to be a Transferred Asset or Assumed Liability, and such Person shall accept such Asset or Liability.

(c)   In each of the scenarios described in Section 3.2(b), the Parties or their respective Group members shall execute such Transfer Documents and take such further acts which are reasonably necessary or desirable to effect the Transfer of such Assets or Liability to the Person to which such Asset or Liability has been allocated or determined under this Agreement, in each case such that each Party is put into the same after-Tax economic position as if such action had been taken on or prior to the Distribution Effective Time. In furtherance of the foregoing, each Party shall promptly pay or deliver to the Person to which such Asset or Liability has been allocated or otherwise determined under this Agreement any monies or checks which have been sent to such Party or its respective Group members by customers, suppliers or other contracting parties of the relevant business in respect of that business and which should have been sent to the Person to which such Asset or Liability has been allocated or otherwise determined (including promptly forwarding any invoices or similar documentation received in connection therewith).

(d)   Prior to the time any such Asset or Liability is so transferred, assigned or delivered to the applicable Person pursuant to this Section 3.2, such Asset or Liability shall be held in accordance with Section 2.4.

(e)   On or prior to the Distribution Effective Time, iStar and SpinCo in their respective capacities as direct and indirect stockholders of the members of their Groups, shall each ratify any actions which are reasonably necessary or desirable to be taken by iStar, SpinCo or any of the members of their respective Groups, as the case may be, to effectuate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements.

3.3   Conditions to the Distribution.

(a)   The consummation of the Distribution will be subject to the satisfaction of, or waiver by iStar of, the following conditions:

(i)   the SpinCo Loan Agreements shall have been executed or shall be ready to be executed, subject only to completion of the Distribution and the Merger;

(ii)   the SEC shall have declared effective the Form 10, with no order suspending the effectiveness of the Form 10 in effect, and with no proceedings for such purposes instituted or threatened by the SEC;

(iii)   the Information Statement shall have been mailed to, or shall be concurrently mailed to, the Record Holders;

(iv)   each of the Ancillary Agreements shall have been duly executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto or shall be ready to be executed upon consummation of the Merger;

(v)   no order, injunction or decree issued by any Governmental Authority of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the Separation Transactions, the Distribution or any of the transactions related thereto shall be in effect;

(vi)   the SpinCo Common Stock to be distributed to the iStar stockholders in the Distribution shall have been accepted for listing on the Designated Exchange, subject to official notice of distribution; and

(vii)   the Parties to the Merger Agreement shall have confirmed that the conditions to the closing of the Merger have been satisfied or waived, other than the Distribution, the filing of Articles of Merger and any other conditions that by their nature are satisfied at the closing of the Merger.

(b)   The foregoing conditions are for the sole benefit of iStar and shall not give rise to or create any duty on the part of iStar or the iStar Board to waive or not waive any such condition or in any way

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limit iStar’s right to terminate this Agreement as set forth in Article VIII or alter the consequences of any such termination from those specified in Article VIII. Any determination made by the iStar Board prior to the Distribution concerning the satisfaction or waiver of any or all of the conditions set forth in Section 3.3(a) shall be conclusive and binding on the Parties.

3.4   Certain Provisions Regarding the Distribution.

(a)   If iStar undertakes a stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split, stock combination, reclassification, recapitalization or similar change in its common stock prior to the Distribution Effective Time, the Distribution Ratio shall be appropriately adjusted and publicly reported in advance of the Distribution Effective Time.

(b)   Subject to Section 3.3, on or prior to the Distribution Effective Time, iStar will deliver to the Agent, for the benefit of the Record Holders, book-entry transfer authorizations for such number of the outstanding shares of SpinCo Common Stock as is necessary to effect the Distribution, and shall cause the transfer agent for the iStar common stock to instruct the Agent to distribute at the Distribution Effective Time the appropriate number of shares of SpinCo Common Stock to each such holder or designated transferee or transferees of such holder by way of direct registration in book-entry form. SpinCo will not issue paper stock certificates in respect of shares of SpinCo Common Stock. The Distribution shall be effective at the Distribution Effective Time.

(c)   No fractional shares will be distributed or credited to book-entry accounts in connection with the Distribution, and any such fractional shares interests to which a Record Holder would otherwise be entitled shall not entitle such Record Holder to vote or to any other rights as a stockholder of SpinCo. In lieu of any such fractional shares, each Record Holder who, but for the provisions of this Section 3.4(c), would be entitled to receive a fractional share interest of a share of SpinCo Common Stock pursuant to the Distribution, shall be paid cash, without any interest thereon, as hereinafter provided. As soon as practicable after the Distribution Effective Time, iStar shall direct the Agent to determine the number of whole and fractional shares of SpinCo Common Stock allocable to each Record Holder, to aggregate all such fractional shares into whole shares, and to sell the whole shares obtained thereby in the open market at the then-prevailing market prices on behalf of each Record Holder who otherwise would be entitled to receive fractional share interests (with the Agent, in its sole and absolute discretion, determining when, how and through which broker-dealer and at what price to make such sales), and to cause to be distributed to each such Record Holder, in lieu of any fractional share, such Record Holder’s or owner’s ratable share of the total proceeds of such sale, after deducting any Taxes required to be withheld and applicable transfer Taxes, and after deducting the costs and expenses of such sale and distribution, including brokers fees and commissions. None of iStar, SpinCo or the Agent will be required to guarantee any minimum sale price for the fractional shares of SpinCo Common Stock sold in accordance with this Section 3.4(c). Neither iStar nor SpinCo will be required to pay any interest on the proceeds from the sale of fractional shares. Neither the Agent nor the broker-dealers through which the aggregated fractional shares are sold shall be Affiliates of iStar or SpinCo. Solely for purposes of computing fractional share interests pursuant to this Section 3.4(c) and Section 3.4(d), the beneficial owner of iStar capital stock held of record in the name of a nominee in any nominee account shall be treated as the Record Holder with respect to such shares.

(d)   Any shares of SpinCo Common Stock or cash in lieu of fractional shares with respect to shares of SpinCo Common Stock that remain unclaimed by any Record Holder one hundred and eighty (180) days after the Distribution Date shall be delivered to SpinCo, and SpinCo shall hold such shares of SpinCo Common Stock for the account of such Record Holder, and the Parties agree that all obligations to provide such shares of SpinCo Common Stock and cash, if any, in lieu of fractional share interests shall be obligations of SpinCo, subject in each case to applicable escheat or other abandoned property Laws, and iStar shall have no Liability with respect thereto.

(e)   Until the shares of SpinCo Common Stock are duly transferred in accordance with this Section 3.4 and applicable Law, from and after the Distribution Effective Time, SpinCo will regard the Persons entitled to receive such shares of SpinCo Common Stock as record holders of SpinCo Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the Distribution without requiring any action on the part of such Persons. SpinCo agrees that, subject to any transfers of such shares, from and after the

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Distribution Effective Time (i) each such holder will be entitled to receive all dividends payable on, and exercise voting rights and all other rights and privileges with respect to, the shares of SpinCo Common Stock then held by such holder, and (ii) each such holder will be entitled, without any action on the part of such holder, to receive evidence of ownership of the shares of SpinCo Common Stock then held by such holder.

ARTICLE IV

MUTUAL RELEASES; INDEMNIFICATION

4.1   Release of Pre-Distribution Claims.

(a)   Release of iStar.   Except as provided in Sections 4.1(c) and 4.1(d), effective as of the Distribution Effective Time, SpinCo does hereby, for itself and each other member of the SpinCo Group, and their respective successors and assigns, and, to the extent permitted by Law, all Persons who at any time prior to the Distribution Effective Time have been stockholders, directors, officers, agents or employees of any member of the SpinCo Group (in each case, in their respective capacities as such), release and forever discharge (i) iStar and the members of the iStar Group, and their respective successors and assigns, (ii) all Persons who at any time prior to the Distribution Effective Time have been stockholders, directors, officers, agents or employees of any member of the iStar Group (in each case, in their respective capacities as such), and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, and (iii) all Persons who at any time prior to the Distribution Effective Time are or have been stockholders, directors, officers, agents or employees of any Transferred Entity and who are not, as of immediately following the Distribution Effective Time, directors, officers or employees of SpinCo or a member of the SpinCo Group, in each case from: (A) all Assumed Liabilities, (B) all Liabilities arising from or in connection with the transactions and all other activities to implement the Separation Transactions, and (C) all Liabilities arising from or in connection with actions, inactions, events, omissions, conditions, facts or circumstances occurring or existing prior to the Distribution Effective Time (whether or not such Liabilities cease being contingent, mature, become known, are asserted or foreseen, or accrue, in each case before, at or after the Distribution Effective Time), in each case to the extent relating to, arising out of or resulting from the Transferred Business, the Transferred Assets or the Assumed Liabilities.

(b)   Release of SpinCo